WO2025194235A1 - Device for retraction of the fibers of a segment of a uterine body, set of devices, uses and methods - Google Patents
Device for retraction of the fibers of a segment of a uterine body, set of devices, uses and methodsInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025194235A1 WO2025194235A1 PCT/BR2025/050103 BR2025050103W WO2025194235A1 WO 2025194235 A1 WO2025194235 A1 WO 2025194235A1 BR 2025050103 W BR2025050103 W BR 2025050103W WO 2025194235 A1 WO2025194235 A1 WO 2025194235A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- uterine
- fibers
- devices
- segment
- tubular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/42—Gynaecological or obstetrical instruments or methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M29/00—Dilators with or without means for introducing media, e.g. remedies
Definitions
- the present patent application describes a device and a set of devices for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body.
- the invention is in the technical fields of surgical medicine and medical devices.
- Myelomeningocele is the most common open spinal dysraphism, affecting approximately 1/1000 live births.
- Bruner and Tulipan Bruner JP, Tulipan N, Paschall RL, et al. Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele and the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. JAMA. 1999;282(19):1819-1825) performed the first surgery to repair MM during the fetal period at Vanderbilt University. This procedure completely changed the treatment philosophy for this disease.
- the present patent application presents a low-cost and easily reproducible device and method of the Bruner and Tulipan procedure for preserving uterine muscle fibers.
- a new device for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body comprising a tubular shape and comprising at least one of its ends a section of its structure with a slope (3) starting at the outer wall of the tubular structure (1) and ending at the inner wall of the tubular structure (2).
- the slope (3) starts at the outer wall of the tubular structure (1) and is towards the inner wall of the tubular structure (2), thus being able to end the slope in an intermediate position in the structure or followed by a horizontal section up to the inner wall after reaching the required angulation or size of the structure.
- One of the objects of the present patent application is a new set of devices for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body, comprising a first device as defined in claim 1 and at least one subsequent device as defined in claim 1, in which the one or more subsequent devices of the set each have an internal cylindrical segment that fits outside another of the set, and in which at least one of the subsequent devices has an internal cylindrical segment that fits outside the first device of the set.
- the first device of the assembly comprises the smallest diameter cylindrical segment of the assembly.
- the assembly further comprises a tubular retractor of diameter that fits outside of at least one of the devices of the assembly.
- the first device of the assembly further comprises at least one guide wire.
- One of the objects of the present patent application is the use of the device or set of devices for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body.
- the fibers of a segment of a uterine body are for tubular retraction of circular fibers of the uterine body.
- the use is for progressive dilation of the myometrium.
- One of the objects of the present patent application is a new method for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body which comprises introducing a device as defined in the patent application or a set of devices as defined in the patent application onto a section of a uterine body.
- the use is of a tubular device for retraction without cutting the uterine muscle fibers or of a set of devices with progressively larger diameters for retraction without cutting the uterine muscle fibers or uterine wall.
- the single-port endoscopy-assisted tubular approach allows for an accurate, rapid, universally reproducible, and low-cost procedure for the treatment of fetal spinal dysraphism and is a first step toward future single-port correction using robotic techniques.
- Figure 1 Illustrations showing a procedure that can be performed using the device defined in this patent application. Left: Final appearance after the dilation process and the plastic ring retractor held in place. Right: A plastic ring retractor is held in place with the endoscope and microsurgical instruments.
- Figure 2 Left: Surgical photograph shows the uterine wound immediately after fetal surgery using the device of the present invention. Right: Surgical photograph shows the uterus after cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation and a small scar on the body of the uterus (white arrow).
- Figure 3 Progressive use of dilators in the uterus.
- C Photograph of instruments used to progressively dilate the myometrium: 16-gauge, 3.5-inch epidural anesthesia needle (Procare) (A); first device (dilator) with a guidewire (B); the devices (dilators) separated from each other within the array (C); and configuration of the array of devices (dilators) when all nested within each other (D).
- Figure 3A Detail of the dilators ( Figure 3-C) indicating that the diameter of the outer wall of the tubular structure (1) is greater than the diameter of the inner wall of the tubular structure (2) and the section with the slope at the end of the structure (3).
- Figure 4 Surgical photographs illustrating the steps of the procedure. The entry point is demarcated by the dot within the circle (A) and a line drawn to demarcate the placenta (B).
- Figure 5 Final image after introduction of all dilation devices, obtaining a final opening of 25 mm, without promoting section of the uterine muscle fibers.
- Figure 6 Tubular retractor positioned after progressive dilation of the entrance through the muscle fibers of the placenta.
- Figure 7 Another example, showing the final positioning of all dilator devices.
- Figure 8 Surgical photographs depicting MM at different time points.
- the structure of the uterine body can be divided into several layers and anatomical components, consisting mainly of the endometrium: internal mucosal layer, responsible for receiving the embryo during pregnancy; myometrium: intermediate muscular layer, composed of smooth muscle; and; perimetrium: outer serous layer, composed of connective tissue and covered by the peritoneum.
- said sets of devices have the arrangement of multiple tubes or cylindrical segments of different diameters that fit together and which can be defined as external concentric segmentation or nested segmentation. This type of arrangement occurs when the cylindrical segments are organized progressively, with each tube or element positioned around the previous one, forming a structure in external layers.
- said sets of devices have as characteristics the external concentric arrangement, where the segments maintain a common axial alignment, but overlap externally; increasing diameters, where each layer has a slightly larger diameter than the internal one to allow fitting; structural overlap, where the shape improves mechanical resistance and allows controlled expansion or retraction; and; fixation or sliding, where it is designed for fixed locking or to allow movement between the segments.
- a single device with an expandable diameter can be used, which can perform the same function of retracting the uterine fibers in an efficient and controlled manner during fetal surgery.
- the single device has an expandable tubular shape, with a mechanism that allows a gradual increase in diameter after insertion.
- This mechanism could be, in an exemplary embodiment, based on: A mechanical expansion system (e.g., an adjustable ring that expands by means of an external control). Pneumatic or hydraulic system (e.g., controlled inflation to increase the diameter).
- Shape memory materials e.g., polymers or metal alloys that expand under a certain temperature).
- Said device can thus be inserted into the The uterine incision is still at its minimum diameter, facilitating insertion into the uterine region.
- the device is gradually expanded until it reaches the diameter necessary to provide adequate access to the fetus, eliminating the need for multiple sequential insertions.
- the device maintains a stable uterine inlet, and a retractor can optionally be inserted to maintain the opening and remove the device.
- the device returns to its original diameter to facilitate removal from the uterine region.
- the slope in the section or at least one of the ends of the device, starting at the outer wall and ending at the inner wall of the tubular structure can be achieved, for example, by inclined machining, progressive molding of the material, controlled oblique cuts, or by using flexible materials that allow gradual deformation under pressure, ensuring a smooth transition for the retraction of the uterine fibers.
- This angular transition between the outer and inner part of the tube, forming a smooth ramp, is also a region of progressive slope that facilitates the retraction of the fibers by promoting a gradual adaptation of the tubular structure to the surrounding tissue.
- the adjustable slope structure may contain smoothly rounded edges to minimize friction and impact on the tissues.
- the set with multiple devices can be inserted sequentially into the uterine incision, with the first device of smaller diameter being positioned initially for initial retraction of the fibers, followed by subsequent devices, which fit externally to the previous one, progressively expanding the surgical access in a controlled manner and minimizing mechanical stress on the uterus.
- This method allows a gradual adjustment of the operative field, optimizing fetal exposure for the correction of myelomeningocele while reducing the risk of uterine injury.
- the fitting forms between an anterior and a posterior device of a set of devices may include, for example, a sliding cylindrical fitting, where the subsequent device fits externally to the previous one by friction or light locking, a screw or bayonet system, allowing secure fixation by turning, or an expandable compression mechanism, where the posterior device expands to fix firmly on the previous one, ensuring stability and precise control of the retraction of the uterine fibers.
- each subsequent device has a progressively larger diameter, allowing a controlled expansion of the uterine opening until a space sufficient or deemed necessary for surgery is achieved.
- the internal cavity of the tubular structure of the device refers to the hollow central space that allows the passage or fitting of other subsequent devices.
- the first device to be inserted is solid and may also contain a guide wire or other additional element that aids in insertion.
- the external wall of each device connects with the internal cavity (internal wall) of the next device through a progressive cylindrical fitting, where the subsequent device has an internal cylindrical segment that slides and fits externally to the previous device. This connection may be made by controlled friction, thread, snap-fit, or expandable mechanism, ensuring a stable and uniform transition in the expansion of the uterine opening.
- Example 1 General procedure for applying the set of devices in intrauterine myelomeningocele surgery via the Bruner and Tulipan procedure
- the Bruner and Tulipan technique is an intrauterine surgical method developed for the correction of myelomeningocele before birth, reducing neurological complications and improving the baby's quality of life.
- the set of devices described can be adapted to assist in separating the uterine fibers during this surgery, improving access and minimizing damage to the uterus.
- the surgeon performs a hysterotomy (incision in the uterus) to expose the necessary fetal area.
- the first device in the set with the smallest diameter, is inserted into the uterine incision to initiate retraction of the muscle fibers, ensuring minimal space for progression. If the device model includes a guidewire, it can be used for stabilization.
- a tubular retractor may be fitted externally to the devices, keeping the opening stable for intervention on the fetal spine. The devices may then be removed with the opening being maintained by the tubular retractor.
- the devices and/or tubular retractor are removed, optionally in reverse order of insertion, allowing the uterus to return to its natural state without trauma.
- the present set of invention can also be applied in other uterine surgeries, such as correction of malformations, removal of polyps or treatment of intrauterine adhesions, hysteroscopic myomectomy (removal of uterine fibroids), always facilitating access and improving surgical precision.
- Example 2 Single-port endoscope-assisted tubular surgery for fetal myelomeningocele repair
- LMM lumbosacral myelomeningocele
- Results The mean age at birth was 36 and 3 days. Repair of the defect was possible in all cases. The mean surgical time was 130 minutes. Two of the patients developed hydrocephalus. One patient was treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the other underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus coagulation.
- the pregnant women were anesthetized with general and spinal anesthesia, with the addition of magnesium sulfate for tocolytic action, administered at an initial dose of 4 g at the time of induction and maintained thereafter with 1 g/day for 12 hours.
- the fetuses were anesthetized with transplacental general anesthesia.
- Bladder catheterization was performed. The patient was placed on a gynecological operating table and her legs were gently spread apart. The uterus was exteriorized through a Joel-Cohen abdominal incision.
- the placenta was mapped with ultrasound guidance, and the procedure was performed on the opposite wall.
- the entry point was chosen according to placental implantation, presence of amniotic fluid space, identification of fetal parts, and ultrasound measurement of uterine wall thickness.
- a sterile surgical pen marked the point of entry into the uterus, and a 25 mm diameter retractor was used (Figure 4).
- Four external and equidistant sutures were made along this circumference, using O-polyglactin 910 sutures to anchor the myometrium and amniotic membrane.
- a 16Gx3.5 epidural anesthesia needle (PROCARE®) was used to puncture the uterus ( Figures 3 and 5), reaching the amniotic cavity and aiming for the larger fluid space in the center of the previously described circumference.
- the Seldinger technique was used to insert the guidewire through the needle.
- a sharp, cone-shaped trocar with cylindrical extensions and a pencil-like end was inserted through the guidewire to separate the uterine fibers without incisions.
- the trocar tip was 1 mm long and progressively reached a diameter of 5 mm for the trocar body to enter the uterine cavity ( Figures 3 and 5).
- a 4-mm, 0°, cold-light neuroendoscope was introduced into the amniotic cavity through this tube ( Figures 1). Using fetal movement maneuvers, it was possible to visualize the MM and adequately secure and stabilize the fetal position. With the aid of a neuroendoscope and microsurgical techniques, the spinal cord was gently released. The edges of the placode, which appears as an "open book,” were released and approximated, allowing it to return to its cone shape. The apical ligament, often identified at the superior part of the placode between the spinal cord and the dura mater, was divided to release the spinal cord.
- the dura mater attached to the lateral fascia of the quadratus lumborum was incised and tightly closed to reconstruct the spinal canal with 5-0 poliglecaprone sutures.
- the skin was sutured with absorbable sutures, and if the defect was large, myocutaneous flaps were created for complete closure of the spinal dysraphism (Figure 8).
- the tubular retractor was removed after closure of the MM, and the edges of the uterine wall were closed with 4-0 poliglecaprone sutures, including the amniotic membranes and part of the myometrium. This was a second-layer closure performed with continuous anchored polyglactin 910 sutures.
- a 16-Fr Foley urinary catheter was placed to fill the amniotic cavity with 0.9% saline at body temperature, and 2 g of cefazolin were added before the uterine walls were completely closed.
- a third closure was performed using polyglactin 910 sutures to separate the sutures in the outer uterine layer.
- the uterus was returned to the abdominal cavity, and the abdominal wall was reconstructed.
- the uterus was returned to the abdominal cavity, and abdominal wall reconstruction was performed.
- the uterus was evaluated by ultrasound after closure of the abdominal cavity.
- the evaluation included the placenta, the uterine suture site, the closure of the MM, the degree of hindbrain herniation, and the fetal heart rate.
- the patients began walking on the 1st day after surgery. However, they were evaluated daily by an obstetrician, and an ultrasound was performed on the 3rd day after surgery. They were discharged from the hospital on the 3rd and 4th day and were evaluated weekly by ultrasound until delivery.
- Fetal inclusion criteria Fetuses with gestational age ⁇ 26 weeks with open spinal dysraphism diagnosed by ultrasound and/or MRI and with lesions located between L1 and S2 were included. In addition, the presence of hindbrain herniation through the foramen magnum (Chiari type II malformation) was noted.
- Fetal exclusion criteria fetuses with spinal dysraphism with gestational age > 26 weeks, thoracic or cervical spinal dysraphism, genetic diseases or underwent the procedure but not followed up postoperatively. In addition, fetuses with closed spinal dysraphism and absence of radiological signs of Chiari malformation, defects below S2, presence of kyphoscoliosis and diastematomyelia were excluded.
- Maternal inclusion criteria Healthy pregnant women with a single fetus with a cervix > 25 mm and a body mass index ⁇ 40 kg/m 2 .
- Maternal exclusion criteria Mothers with clinical and/or obstetric comorbidities, psychiatric disorders, under 18 years of age, twin pregnancies and cervix smaller than 25 mm.
- Table 1 General characteristics of mothers and fetuses.
- DVP Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
- 3ETV + CPC Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy with Choroid Plexus Coagulation.
- the follow-up period ranged from 6 to 39 months after birth. No patient required additional spinal intervention due to scar dehiscence, tethered spinal cord, or inclusion cysts. Motor function improved based on anatomical sensory level in 5 patients.
- One patient required a VP shunt after birth and had a 14-mm lateral ventricle during fetal surgery.
- the newborn underwent ETV with choroid plexus coagulation and did not require a VP shunt (Fig. 6).
- the follow-up time was too short to complete the urological evaluation.
- One patient required bladder catheterization, and no deaths occurred during this study. The results are summarized in Table 2.
- NA not applicable; Values are shown as number, number (%) or average unless otherwise indicated.
- the uterus is a smooth muscle organ consisting of longitudinal and circular muscle fibers.
- Fujimoto et al. (Fujimoto K, Kido A, Okada T, Uchikoshi M, Togashi K. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the normal human uterus in vivo at 3 tesla: comparison of DTI parameters in the different uterine layers.
- J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;38(6):1494-150). used the diffusion tensor imaging technique to show the presence of many circular and longitudinal fibers in the uterine body and fundus, respectively.
- the present technique was proposed to stretch the uterine fibers without cutting based on the elastic capacity of uterine myocytes.
- Retraction was performed in the uterine body; in all cases, this comprised mainly circular fibers. Maintaining uterine fiber should help the uterine wall and ad integrum return to normal and allow for full-term pregnancy, thus facilitating future pregnancies and vaginal delivery. In our series, all deliveries were performed by cesarean section, not for fear of uterine rupture, but to preserve fetal surgery. Furthermore, of the 10 patients included in the series, only 1 was born preterm (33 weeks) due to rupture of the amniotic membrane.
- MOMS showed that the need for a shunt decreases by up to 50% when surgery is performed early in the fetal period. Notably, only 2 of 10 patients required treatment for hydrocephalus with this technique. In this study, Chiari type II malformation was reversed in all patients. Different series have shown complete reversal in 60%–80% of cases.
- Adzick et al. (Adzick NS, Thorn EA, Spong CY, et al. A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(11):993-1004) and Degenhardt et al. (Degenhardt J, Schürg R, Winarno A, et al. Percutaneous minimal-access fetoscopic surgery for spina bifida aperta. Part II: maternal management and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014;44(5):525-531) were shown to be distinct techniques and do not describe or suggest the advantages of the present invention.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
- Pregnancy & Childbirth (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Dispositivo para retração das fibras de um segmento de um corpo uterino, Conjunto de Dispositivos, Usos e Métodos Device for retracting the fibers of a segment of the uterine body, Set of Devices, Uses and Methods
Campo Técnico da Invenção Technical Field of the Invention
[0001] O presente pedido de patente descreve um dispositivo e um conjunto de dispositivos para retração das fibras de um segmento de um corpo uterino. A invenção se encontra nos campos técnicos da medicina cirúrgica e dispositivos médicos. [0001] The present patent application describes a device and a set of devices for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body. The invention is in the technical fields of surgical medicine and medical devices.
Antecedentes da Invenção Background of the Invention
[0002] A mielomeningocele (MM) é o disrafismo espinhal aberto mais comum, afetando aproximadamente 1/1000 nascidos vivos. Em 1998, Bruner e Tulipan (Bruner JP, Tulipan N, Paschall RL, et al. Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele and the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. JAMA. 1999;282(19):1819-1825) realizaram a primeira cirurgia para reparação do MM durante o periodo fetal na Universidade de Vanderbilt. Este procedimento mudou completamente a filosofia de tratamento desta doença. Em 201 1 , um ensaio clínico prospective randomizado multicêntrico, o estudo de manejo da mielomeningocele (MOMS), mostrou que quando a cirurgia é realizada em idade gestacional < 26 semanas, proporciona grandes benefícios ao feto. Desde então, os centros que recomendam esse tratamento durante o período fetal se multiplicaram. Diversas alterações foram propostas para melhorar a técnica original, visando principalmente a preservação do útero e a redução da morbidade materna. Os procedimentos endoscópicos se difundiram e são realizados por obstetras, fetologistas e cirurgiões pediátricos com resultados e objetivos diversos. Myelomeningocele (MM) is the most common open spinal dysraphism, affecting approximately 1/1000 live births. In 1998, Bruner and Tulipan (Bruner JP, Tulipan N, Paschall RL, et al. Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele and the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. JAMA. 1999;282(19):1819-1825) performed the first surgery to repair MM during the fetal period at Vanderbilt University. This procedure completely changed the treatment philosophy for this disease. In 2011, a multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial, the Myelomeningocele Management Study (MOMS), showed that when surgery is performed at a gestational age <26 weeks, it provides great benefits to the fetus. Since then, the number of centers recommending this treatment during the fetal period has multiplied. Several modifications have been proposed to improve the original technique, primarily aimed at preserving the uterus and reducing maternal morbidity. Endoscopic procedures have become widespread and are performed by obstetricians, fetologists, and pediatric surgeons, with varying results and objectives.
[0003] Assim, uma solução de baixo custo e facilmente reprodutível do procedimento de Bruner e Tulipan para preservação das fibras musculares uterinas, passa a ser de substancial importância. [0003] Thus, a low-cost and easily reproducible solution to the Bruner and Tulipan procedure for preserving uterine muscle fibers becomes of substantial importance.
Sumário da Invenção Summary of the Invention
[0004] Neste sentido, o presente pedido de patente apresenta um dispositivo e método de baixo custo e facilmente reprodutível do procedimento de Bruner e Tulipan para preservação das fibras musculares uterinas. [0004] In this sense, the present patent application presents a low-cost and easily reproducible device and method of the Bruner and Tulipan procedure for preserving uterine muscle fibers.
[0005] Assim, é apresentado um novo dispositivo para retração das fibras de um segmento de um corpo uterino compreendendo formato tubular e que compreende em pelo menos uma de suas extremidades uma secção de sua estrutura com declive (3) iniciando na parede externa da estrutura tubular (1 ) e terminando na parede interna da estrutura tubular (2). Opcionalmente, o declive (3) inicia na parede externa da estrutura tubular (1 ) e é em direção à parede interna da estrutura tubular (2), podendo assim terminar o declive em posição intermediária na estrutura ou seguida de uma seção horizontal até a parede interna após alcançar angulação ou tamanho necessário da estrutura. [0005] Thus, a new device is presented for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body comprising a tubular shape and comprising at least one of its ends a section of its structure with a slope (3) starting at the outer wall of the tubular structure (1) and ending at the inner wall of the tubular structure (2). Optionally, the slope (3) starts at the outer wall of the tubular structure (1) and is towards the inner wall of the tubular structure (2), thus being able to end the slope in an intermediate position in the structure or followed by a horizontal section up to the inner wall after reaching the required angulation or size of the structure.
[0006] É um dos objetos do presente pedido de patente um novo conjunto de dispositivos para retração das fibras de um segmento de um corpo uterino, compreendendo um primeiro dispositivo conforme definido na reivindicação 1 e pelo menos um dispositivo subsequente conforme na reivindicação 1 , em que os um ou mais dispositivos subsequentes do conjunto possuem cada um segmento cilíndrico interno que se encaixa fora de outro do conjunto, e, em que pelo menos um dos dispositivos subsequentes possui segmento cilíndrico interno que se encaixa fora do primeiro dispositivo do conjunto. [0006] One of the objects of the present patent application is a new set of devices for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body, comprising a first device as defined in claim 1 and at least one subsequent device as defined in claim 1, in which the one or more subsequent devices of the set each have an internal cylindrical segment that fits outside another of the set, and in which at least one of the subsequent devices has an internal cylindrical segment that fits outside the first device of the set.
[0007] Em uma realização da presente invenção, o primeiro dispositivo do conjunto compreender o menor diâmetro de segmento cilíndrico do conjunto. [0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first device of the assembly comprises the smallest diameter cylindrical segment of the assembly.
[0008] Em uma realização da presente invenção, o conjunto compreende adicionalmente um afastador tubular de diâmetro que se encaixa fora de pelo menos um dos dispositivos do conjunto. [0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the assembly further comprises a tubular retractor of diameter that fits outside of at least one of the devices of the assembly.
[0009] Em uma realização da presente invenção, o primeiro dispositivo do conjunto compreende adicionalmente pelo menos um fio-guia. [0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first device of the assembly further comprises at least one guide wire.
[0010] É um dos objetos do presente pedido de patente o uso do dispositivo ou do conjunto de dispositivos para a retração das fibras de um segmento de um corpo uterino. [0010] One of the objects of the present patent application is the use of the device or set of devices for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body.
[0011] Em uma realização da presente invenção, as fibras de um segmento de um corpo uterino serem para retração tubular de fibras circulares do corpo uterino. [0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fibers of a segment of a uterine body are for tubular retraction of circular fibers of the uterine body.
[0012] Em uma realização da presente invenção, o uso é para dilatação progressiva do miométrio. [0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the use is for progressive dilation of the myometrium.
[0013] É um dos objetos do presente pedido de patente um novo método para retração das fibras de um segmento de um corpo uterino que compreende a introdução sobre uma secção de um corpo uterino de um dispositivo conforme definido no pedido de patente ou do conjunto de dispositivos conforme definido no pedido de patente. [0013] One of the objects of the present patent application is a new method for retracting the fibers of a segment of a uterine body which comprises introducing a device as defined in the patent application or a set of devices as defined in the patent application onto a section of a uterine body.
[0014] Em uma realização da presente invenção, a utilização é de um dispositivo tubular para retração sem corte das fibras musculares uterinas ou de um conjunto de dispositivos com diâmetros progressivamente maiores para retração sem corte das fibras musculares uterinas ou parede uterina. [0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the use is of a tubular device for retraction without cutting the uterine muscle fibers or of a set of devices with progressively larger diameters for retraction without cutting the uterine muscle fibers or uterine wall.
[0015] A abordagem tubular assistida por endoscopia de portal único permite um procedimento preciso, rápido, universalmente reproduzível e de baixo custo para o tratamento do disrafismo espinhal fetal e é um primeiro passo para futura correção de portal único usando técnicas robóticas. [0015] The single-port endoscopy-assisted tubular approach allows for an accurate, rapid, universally reproducible, and low-cost procedure for the treatment of fetal spinal dysraphism and is a first step toward future single-port correction using robotic techniques.
Descrição das Figuras Description of Figures
[0016] Figura 1 : Ilustrações mostrando um procedimento possível de ser realizado com a utilização do dispositivo definido no presente pedido de patente. Esquerda: Aspecto final após o processo de dilatação e o afastador de anel plástico mantido no lugar. Direita: Um afastador de anel plástico é mantido no lugar com o endoscópio e os instrumentos microcirúrgicos. [0016] Figure 1: Illustrations showing a procedure that can be performed using the device defined in this patent application. Left: Final appearance after the dilation process and the plastic ring retractor held in place. Right: A plastic ring retractor is held in place with the endoscope and microsurgical instruments.
[0017] Figura 2: Esquerda: Fotografia cirúrgica mostra a ferida uterina imediatamente após a cirurgia fetal utilizando o dispositivo da presente invenção. Direita: Fotografia cirúrgica mostra o útero após cesárea com 37 semanas de gestação e uma pequena cicatriz no corpo do útero (seta branca). [0017] Figure 2: Left: Surgical photograph shows the uterine wound immediately after fetal surgery using the device of the present invention. Right: Surgical photograph shows the uterus after cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation and a small scar on the body of the uterus (white arrow).
[0018] Figura 3: O uso progressivo de dilatadores no útero. C: Fotografia dos instrumentos usados para dilatar progressivamente o miométrio: agulha de anestesia peridural calibre 16, 3,5 polegadas (Procare) (A); primeiro dispositivo (dilatador) com um fio-guia (B); os dispositivos (dilatadores) separados uns dos outros dentro do conjunto (C); e configuração do conjunto de dispositivos (dilatadores) quando todos aninhados um dentro dos outros (D). [0018] Figure 3: Progressive use of dilators in the uterus. C: Photograph of instruments used to progressively dilate the myometrium: 16-gauge, 3.5-inch epidural anesthesia needle (Procare) (A); first device (dilator) with a guidewire (B); the devices (dilators) separated from each other within the array (C); and configuration of the array of devices (dilators) when all nested within each other (D).
[0019] Figura 3A: Detalhamento dos dilatadores (Figura 3-C) indicando que o diâmetro da parede externa da estrutura tubular (1 ) é maior do que o diâmetro da parede interna da estrutura tubular (2) e a secção com o declive na extremidade da estrutura (3). [0019] Figure 3A: Detail of the dilators (Figure 3-C) indicating that the diameter of the outer wall of the tubular structure (1) is greater than the diameter of the inner wall of the tubular structure (2) and the section with the slope at the end of the structure (3).
[0020] Figura 4: Fotografias cirúrgicas ilustrando as etapas do procedimento. O ponto de entrada é demarcado pelo ponto dentro do círculo (A) e uma linha desenhada para demarcar a placenta (B). [0020] Figure 4: Surgical photographs illustrating the steps of the procedure. The entry point is demarcated by the dot within the circle (A) and a line drawn to demarcate the placenta (B).
[0021] Figura 5: Imagem final após introdução de todos os dispositivos de dilatação, obtendo uma abertura final de 25 mm, sem promover secção das fibras musculares uterinas. [0021] Figure 5: Final image after introduction of all dilation devices, obtaining a final opening of 25 mm, without promoting section of the uterine muscle fibers.
[0022] Figura 6: Afastador tubular posicionado após dilatação progressiva da entrada através das fibras musculares da placenta. [0022] Figure 6: Tubular retractor positioned after progressive dilation of the entrance through the muscle fibers of the placenta.
[0023] Figura 7: Outro exemplo, mostrando o posicionamento final de todos os dispositivos dilatadores. [0023] Figure 7: Another example, showing the final positioning of all dilator devices.
[0024] Figura 8: Fotografias cirúrgicas retratando MM em diferentes momentos. A: Visão endoscópica inicial do MM, exposto através do anel plástico afastador. B: Visão endoscópica final após o fechamento do MM. C: Cicatriz no nascimento. D: Cicatriz 30 dias após o nascimento. [0024] Figure 8: Surgical photographs depicting MM at different time points. A: Initial endoscopic view of the MM, exposed through the plastic retractor ring. B: Final endoscopic view after MM closure. C: Scar at birth. D: Scar 30 days after birth.
Descrição Detalhada da Invenção Detailed Description of the Invention
[0025] A presente descrição detalhada da invenção estabelece algumas definições, não limitativas, das principais terminologias e características técnicas empregadas ao longo deste pedido de patente, bem como, fornece exemplos de algumas das formas de realização da presente invenção a fim de que possa ser reproduzida por um técnico no assunto. [0025] This detailed description of the invention establishes some non-limiting definitions of the main terminologies and technical characteristics used throughout this patent application, as well as providing examples of some of the embodiments of the present invention so that it can be reproduced by a person skilled in the art.
[0026] No contexto do presente pedido de patente, a estrutura do corpo uterino pode ser dividida em várias camadas e componentes anatômicos, constituídas principalmente entre endométrio: camada interna mucosa, responsável pela recepção do embrião durante a gravidez; miométrio: camada intermediária muscular, composta por músculo liso; e; perimétrio: camada externa serosa, constituída por tecido conjuntivo e recoberta pelo peritônio. [0026] In the context of the present patent application, the structure of the uterine body can be divided into several layers and anatomical components, consisting mainly of the endometrium: internal mucosal layer, responsible for receiving the embryo during pregnancy; myometrium: intermediate muscular layer, composed of smooth muscle; and; perimetrium: outer serous layer, composed of connective tissue and covered by the peritoneum.
[0027] No contexto do presente pedido de patente, os referidos conjuntos de dispositivos possuem a disposição de múltiplos tubos ou segmentos cilíndricos de diferentes diâmetros que se encaixam uns fora dos outros e que pode ser definida como segmentação concêntrica externa ou segmentação aninhada. Esse tipo de disposição ocorre quando os segmentos cilíndricos são organizados de forma progressiva, com cada tubo ou elemento posicionado ao redor do anterior, formando uma estrutura em camadas externas. [0027] In the context of the present patent application, said sets of devices have the arrangement of multiple tubes or cylindrical segments of different diameters that fit together and which can be defined as external concentric segmentation or nested segmentation. This type of arrangement occurs when the cylindrical segments are organized progressively, with each tube or element positioned around the previous one, forming a structure in external layers.
[0028] Em uma realização do presente pedido de patente, os referidos conjuntos de dispositivos possuem como características o arranjo concêntrico externo, onde os segmentos mantêm um alinhamento axial comum, mas se sobrepõem externamente; diâmetros crescentes, onde cada camada possui um diâmetro ligeiramente maior que a interna para possibilitar o encaixe; sobreposição estrutural, onde formato melhora a resistência mecânica e permite expansão ou retração controlada; e; fixação ou deslizamento, onde é projetado para travamento fixo ou para permitir movimentação entre os segmentos. [0028] In one embodiment of the present patent application, said sets of devices have as characteristics the external concentric arrangement, where the segments maintain a common axial alignment, but overlap externally; increasing diameters, where each layer has a slightly larger diameter than the internal one to allow fitting; structural overlap, where the shape improves mechanical resistance and allows controlled expansion or retraction; and; fixation or sliding, where it is designed for fixed locking or to allow movement between the segments.
[0029] Em uma concretização da presente invenção, em vez de múltiplos dispositivos em um conjunto, pode ser utilizado um único dispositivo com diâmetro expansível, que possa desempenhar a mesma função de retração das fibras do útero de forma eficiente e controlada durante a cirurgia fetal. Nesta concretização da invenção, o dispositivo único possui um formato tubular expansível, com um mecanismo que permite aumento gradual do diâmetro após a inserção. Esse mecanismo poderia ser, em uma modalidade exemplificative, baseado em: Sistema mecânico de expansão (exemplo: um anel ajustável que se dilata por meio de um controle externo). Sistema pneumático ou hidráulico (exemplo: insuflação controlada para ampliar o diâmetro). Materiais com memória de forma (exemplo: polímeros ou ligas metálicas que expandem sob determinada temperatura). O referido dispositivo pode ser assim inserido na incisão uterina ainda em seu diâmetro mínimo, facilitando a introdução na região uterina, uma vez dentro do útero, o dispositivo é gradualmente expandido até atingir o diâmetro necessário para proporcionar um acesso adequado ao feto, substituindo a necessidade de inserir múltiplos dispositivos sequenciais. Após atingir o diâmetro ideal, o dispositivo mantém a abertura uterina estável e opcionalmente pode ser inserido um afastador para manutenção da abertura e remoção do dispositivo. Opcionalmente, após a conclusão do procedimento, o dispositivo retorna ao seu diâmetro original para facilitar a remoção da região uterina. [0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, instead of multiple devices in a set, a single device with an expandable diameter can be used, which can perform the same function of retracting the uterine fibers in an efficient and controlled manner during fetal surgery. In this embodiment of the invention, the single device has an expandable tubular shape, with a mechanism that allows a gradual increase in diameter after insertion. This mechanism could be, in an exemplary embodiment, based on: A mechanical expansion system (e.g., an adjustable ring that expands by means of an external control). Pneumatic or hydraulic system (e.g., controlled inflation to increase the diameter). Shape memory materials (e.g., polymers or metal alloys that expand under a certain temperature). Said device can thus be inserted into the The uterine incision is still at its minimum diameter, facilitating insertion into the uterine region. Once inside the uterus, the device is gradually expanded until it reaches the diameter necessary to provide adequate access to the fetus, eliminating the need for multiple sequential insertions. After reaching the ideal diameter, the device maintains a stable uterine inlet, and a retractor can optionally be inserted to maintain the opening and remove the device. Optionally, after the procedure is completed, the device returns to its original diameter to facilitate removal from the uterine region.
[0030] Em uma concretização da presente invenção o declive na secção ou pelo menos uma das extremidades do dispositivo, inicia na parede externa e termina na parede interna da estrutura tubular, pode ser alcançado, exemplificativamente, por meio de usinagem inclinada, moldagem progressiva do material, cortes oblíquos controlados ou pelo uso de materiais flexíveis que permitem deformação gradual sob pressão, garantindo uma transição suave para a retração das fibras uterinas. Esta transição angular entre a parte externa e interna do tubo, formando uma rampa suave é também uma região de inclinação progressiva que facilita a retração das fibras ao promover uma adaptação gradual da estrutura tubular ao tecido circundante. Alternativamente, a estrutura em declive ajustável pode conter bordas suavemente arredondadas para minimizar atrito e impacto nos tecidos. [0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the slope in the section or at least one of the ends of the device, starting at the outer wall and ending at the inner wall of the tubular structure, can be achieved, for example, by inclined machining, progressive molding of the material, controlled oblique cuts, or by using flexible materials that allow gradual deformation under pressure, ensuring a smooth transition for the retraction of the uterine fibers. This angular transition between the outer and inner part of the tube, forming a smooth ramp, is also a region of progressive slope that facilitates the retraction of the fibers by promoting a gradual adaptation of the tubular structure to the surrounding tissue. Alternatively, the adjustable slope structure may contain smoothly rounded edges to minimize friction and impact on the tissues.
[0031] Em uma concretização da presente invenção, o conjunto com os múltiplos dispositivos podem ser inseridos sequencialmente na incisão uterina, com o primeiro dispositivo de menor diâmetro sendo posicionado inicialmente para retração inicial das fibras, seguido pelos dispositivos subsequentes, que se encaixam externamente ao anterior, expandindo progressivamente o acesso cirúrgico de forma controlada e minimizando o estresse mecânico sobre o útero. Esse método permite um ajuste gradual do campo operatório, otimizando a exposição fetal para a correção da mielomeningocele enquanto reduz riscos de lesão uterina. [0032] Em uma concretização da presente invenção, as formas de encaixe entre um dispositivo anterior e um posterior de um conjunto de dispositivos podem incluir, exemplificativamente, um encaixe cilíndrico deslizante, onde o dispositivo subsequente se ajusta externamente ao anterior por fricção ou travamento leve, um sistema de rosca ou baioneta, permitindo fixação segura por giro, ou um mecanismo expansível de compressão, onde o dispositivo posterior se expande para se fixar firmemente sobre o anterior, garantindo estabilidade e controle preciso da retração das fibras uterinas. [0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the set with multiple devices can be inserted sequentially into the uterine incision, with the first device of smaller diameter being positioned initially for initial retraction of the fibers, followed by subsequent devices, which fit externally to the previous one, progressively expanding the surgical access in a controlled manner and minimizing mechanical stress on the uterus. This method allows a gradual adjustment of the operative field, optimizing fetal exposure for the correction of myelomeningocele while reducing the risk of uterine injury. [0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fitting forms between an anterior and a posterior device of a set of devices may include, for example, a sliding cylindrical fitting, where the subsequent device fits externally to the previous one by friction or light locking, a screw or bayonet system, allowing secure fixation by turning, or an expandable compression mechanism, where the posterior device expands to fix firmly on the previous one, ensuring stability and precise control of the retraction of the uterine fibers.
[0033] Em uma concretização da presente invenção, cada dispositivo subsequente possui um diâmetro progressivamente maior, permitindo uma expansão controlada da abertura uterina até que se alcance um espaço suficiente ou considerado necessário para a cirurgia. [0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, each subsequent device has a progressively larger diameter, allowing a controlled expansion of the uterine opening until a space sufficient or deemed necessary for surgery is achieved.
[0034] Em uma concretização da presente invenção, a cavidade interna da estrutura tubular do dispositivo refere-se ao espaço central oco que permite a passagem ou o encaixe de outros dispositivos subsequentes. Em uma concretização o primeiro dispositivo a ser inserido é maciço e pode também conter um fio guia ou outro elemento adicionais que auxilie na inserção. A partir do segundo dispositivo e subsequentes, a parede externa de cada dispositivo se conecta com a cavidade interna (parede interna) do próximo dispositivo por meio de um encaixe cilíndrico progressivo, onde o dispositivo subsequente possui um segmento cilíndrico interno que desliza e se ajusta externamente ao dispositivo anterior. Essa conexão pode ser feita por fricção controlada, rosca, encaixe por pressão (snap-fif) ou mecanismo expansível, garantindo uma transição estável e uniforme na expansão da abertura uterina. [0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the internal cavity of the tubular structure of the device refers to the hollow central space that allows the passage or fitting of other subsequent devices. In one embodiment, the first device to be inserted is solid and may also contain a guide wire or other additional element that aids in insertion. From the second and subsequent devices onwards, the external wall of each device connects with the internal cavity (internal wall) of the next device through a progressive cylindrical fitting, where the subsequent device has an internal cylindrical segment that slides and fits externally to the previous device. This connection may be made by controlled friction, thread, snap-fit, or expandable mechanism, ensuring a stable and uniform transition in the expansion of the uterine opening.
[0035] Exemplos [0035] Examples
[0036] Exemplo 1 : Procedimento geral de aplicação do conjunto de dispositivos na cirurgia de mielomeningocele intrauterina via procedimento de Bruner e Tulipan [0036] Example 1: General procedure for applying the set of devices in intrauterine myelomeningocele surgery via the Bruner and Tulipan procedure
[0037] A técnica de Bruner e Tulipan é um método cirúrgico intrauterino desenvolvido para a correção da mielomeningocele antes do nascimento, reduzindo complicações neurológicas e melhorando a qualidade de vida do bebê. O conjunto de dispositivos descrito pode ser adaptado para auxiliar no afastamento das fibras uterinas durante essa cirurgia, melhorando o acesso e minimizando danos ao útero. [0037] The Bruner and Tulipan technique is an intrauterine surgical method developed for the correction of myelomeningocele before birth, reducing neurological complications and improving the baby's quality of life. The set of devices described can be adapted to assist in separating the uterine fibers during this surgery, improving access and minimizing damage to the uterus.
[0038] Incisão e Inserção do Primeiro Dispositivo [0038] Incision and Insertion of the First Device
[0039] O cirurgião realiza uma histerotomia (incisão no útero) para expor a área fetal necessária. O primeiro dispositivo do conjunto, de menor diâmetro, é inserido na incisão uterina para iniciar a retração das fibras musculares, garantindo um espaço mínimo para progressão. Caso o modelo do dispositivo inclua um fio-guia, ele pode ser usado para estabilização. [0039] The surgeon performs a hysterotomy (incision in the uterus) to expose the necessary fetal area. The first device in the set, with the smallest diameter, is inserted into the uterine incision to initiate retraction of the muscle fibers, ensuring minimal space for progression. If the device model includes a guidewire, it can be used for stabilization.
[0040] Expansão Gradual com Dispositivos Subsequentes [0040] Gradual Expansion with Subsequent Devices
[0041] Dispositivos subsequentes, com segmentos cilíndricos internos maiores uns aos próximos, são encaixados sequencialmente para expandir progressivamente a abertura uterina, evitando tensão excessiva no miométrio. Esse controle da retração minimiza riscos como ruptura uterina ou sangramento excessivo. [0041] Subsequent devices, with larger internal cylindrical segments next to each other, are fitted sequentially to progressively expand the uterine opening, avoiding excessive tension on the myometrium. This control of retraction minimizes risks such as uterine rupture or excessive bleeding.
[0042] Uso do Afastador T ubular [0042] Use of the Tubular Retractor
[0043] Se necessário, um afastador tubular pode ser encaixado externamente aos dispositivos, mantendo a abertura estável para a intervenção na coluna fetal. Os dispositivos podem assim ser removidos com a abertura sendo mantida pelo afastador tubular. [0043] If necessary, a tubular retractor may be fitted externally to the devices, keeping the opening stable for intervention on the fetal spine. The devices may then be removed with the opening being maintained by the tubular retractor.
[0044] Correção da Mielomeningocele [0044] Myelomeningocele Correction
[0045] Com o feto posicionado e exposto de forma segura, a equipe cirúrgica realiza a reposição da medula espinhal e fechamento das meninges e pele, reduzindo riscos de danos neurológicos. A cirurgia pode seguir a técnica de Bruner e Tulipan. [0045] With the fetus safely positioned and exposed, the surgical team performs spinal cord replacement and closure of the meninges and skin, reducing the risk of neurological damage. Surgery may follow the Bruner and Tulipan technique.
[0046] Fechamento e Recuperação [0046] Closure and Recovery
[0047] Remoção dos Dispositivos [0047] Removal of Devices
[0048] Após a correção da mielomeningocele, os dispositivos e/ou o afastador tubular são removidos, opcionalmente em ordem inversa à inserção, permitindo que o útero volte ao seu estado natural sem traumas. [0048] After correction of the myelomeningocele, the devices and/or tubular retractor are removed, optionally in reverse order of insertion, allowing the uterus to return to its natural state without trauma.
[0049] Sutura Uterina [0049] Uterine Suture
[0050] O útero é fechado cuidadosamente, minimizando riscos de complicações como ruptura uterina em gestações futuras. [0050] The uterus is carefully closed, minimizing the risk of complications such as uterine rupture in future pregnancies.
[0051] Recuperação Materna e Fetal [0051] Maternal and Fetal Recovery
[0052] A paciente permanece internada para monitoramento de contrações e sinais de trabalho de parto prematuro. [0052] The patient remains hospitalized for monitoring of contractions and signs of premature labor.
[0053] O presente conjunto da invenção pode ser aplicado também em outras cirurgias uterinas, como correção de malformações, remoção de pólipos ou tratamento de aderências intrauterinas, miomectomia histeroscópica (remoção de miomas uterinos), sempre facilitando o acesso e melhorando a precisão cirúrgica. [0053] The present set of invention can also be applied in other uterine surgeries, such as correction of malformations, removal of polyps or treatment of intrauterine adhesions, hysteroscopic myomectomy (removal of uterine fibroids), always facilitating access and improving surgical precision.
[0054] Exemplo 2: Cirurgia tubular assistida por endoscópio de porta única para reparo de mielomeningocele fetal [0054] Example 2: Single-port endoscope-assisted tubular surgery for fetal myelomeningocele repair
[0055] Apresenta-se uma coorte retrospectiva de 10 gestantes cujos fetos desenvolveram mielomeningocele lombossacra (MM). O MM foi reparado através de procedimento neurocirúrgico fetal utilizando técnica tubular assistida por endoscopia de portal único. O procedimento consistiu na retração tubular de fibras circulares do corpo uterino sem excisão da parede uterina. Dispositivos tubulares com diâmetros progressivamente maiores foram utilizados para retração sem corte das fibras musculares uterinas, e um afastador tubular de 25 mm de diâmetro foi utilizado para permitir o fechamento do MM assistido por endoscopia por meio de técnicas microcirúrgicas. [0055] We present a retrospective cohort of 10 pregnant women whose fetuses developed lumbosacral myelomeningocele (LMM). The LMM was repaired through a fetal neurosurgical procedure using a single-port endoscopy-assisted tubular technique. The procedure consisted of tubular retraction of circular fibers from the uterine body without excision of the uterine wall. Tubular devices with progressively larger diameters were used for retraction without cutting the uterine muscle fibers, and a 25 mm diameter tubular retractor was used to allow endoscopically assisted closure of the LMM using microsurgical techniques.
[0056] Resultados: A idade média de nascimento foi de 36 e 3 dias. A reparação do defeito foi possível em todos os casos. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 130 minutos. Dois dos pacientes desenvolveram hidrocefalia. Um paciente foi tratado com derivação ventriculoperitoneal e o outro foi submetido a terceira ventriculostomia endoscópica com coagulação do plexo coróide. [0056] Results: The mean age at birth was 36 and 3 days. Repair of the defect was possible in all cases. The mean surgical time was 130 minutes. Two of the patients developed hydrocephalus. One patient was treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the other underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus coagulation.
[0057] Conclusões: Este é um procedimento fácil e reprodutível que evita a excisão da parede uterina e promove espaço de trabalho para técnicas microcirúrgicas assistidas por endoscopia, e é o primeiro passo para futura correção de portal único usando técnicas robóticas. [0057] Conclusions: This is an easy and reproducible procedure that avoids excision of the uterine wall and provides working space for surgical techniques. endoscopically assisted microsurgery, and is the first step towards future single-port repair using robotic techniques.
[0058] Métodos: [0058] Methods:
[0059] Procedimento cirúrgico [0059] Surgical procedure
[0060] As gestantes foram anestesiadas com anestesia geral e raquidiana, com adição de sulfato de magnésio para exercer ação tocolítica, administrada na dose inicial de 4 g no momento da indução e mantida a partir de então com 1 g/dia por 12 horas, os fetos foram anestesiados por anestesia geral transplacentária. Foi realizado cateterismo vesical. A paciente foi colocada em uma mesa de operação ginecológica e suas pernas foram suavemente afastadas. O útero foi exteriorizado através de incisão abdominal de Joel-Cohen. [0061] A placenta foi mapeada com orientação ultrassonográfica e o procedimento foi realizado na parede oposta. O ponto de entrada foi escolhido de acordo com a implantação placentária, presença de espaço líquido amniótico, identificação de partes fetais e medição ultrassonográfica da espessura da parede uterina. Uma caneta cirúrgica estéril marcou o ponto de entrada no útero e foi utilizado um afastador de 25 mm de diâmetro (Figura 4). Foram feitas quatro suturas externas e equidistantes desta circunferência, utilizando pontos de 0- poliglactina 910 para ancoragem do miométrio e membrana amniótica. Uma agulha de anestesia peridural 16Gx3,5 (PROCARE ®) foi utilizada para puncionar o útero (Figuras 3 e 5), atingindo a cavidade amniótica e apontando para o espaço líquido maior, no centro da circunferência descrita anteriormente. A técnica de Seldinger foi utilizada para inserir o fio-guia através da agulha. Quando a agulha foi removida, um trocater de ponta afiada em forma de cone com extensões cilíndricas e uma extremidade semelhante a um lápis foi inserido através do fio-guia para separar as fibras uterinas sem incisões. A ponta do trocarte tinha 1 mm de comprimento e atingia progressivamente um diâmetro de 5 mm para o corpo do trocarte entrar na cavidade uterina (Figuras 3 e 5). [0060] The pregnant women were anesthetized with general and spinal anesthesia, with the addition of magnesium sulfate for tocolytic action, administered at an initial dose of 4 g at the time of induction and maintained thereafter with 1 g/day for 12 hours. The fetuses were anesthetized with transplacental general anesthesia. Bladder catheterization was performed. The patient was placed on a gynecological operating table and her legs were gently spread apart. The uterus was exteriorized through a Joel-Cohen abdominal incision. [0061] The placenta was mapped with ultrasound guidance, and the procedure was performed on the opposite wall. The entry point was chosen according to placental implantation, presence of amniotic fluid space, identification of fetal parts, and ultrasound measurement of uterine wall thickness. A sterile surgical pen marked the point of entry into the uterus, and a 25 mm diameter retractor was used (Figure 4). Four external and equidistant sutures were made along this circumference, using O-polyglactin 910 sutures to anchor the myometrium and amniotic membrane. A 16Gx3.5 epidural anesthesia needle (PROCARE®) was used to puncture the uterus (Figures 3 and 5), reaching the amniotic cavity and aiming for the larger fluid space in the center of the previously described circumference. The Seldinger technique was used to insert the guidewire through the needle. After the needle was removed, a sharp, cone-shaped trocar with cylindrical extensions and a pencil-like end was inserted through the guidewire to separate the uterine fibers without incisions. The trocar tip was 1 mm long and progressively reached a diameter of 5 mm for the trocar body to enter the uterine cavity (Figures 3 and 5).
[0062] Tubos de alumínio com diâmetro externo maior que ao anterior foram inseridos externamente no trocarte, favorecendo a separação progressiva das fibras musculares circulares uterinas. As pontas dos tubos de alumínio eram finas, permitindo que as fibras uterinas fossem separadas sem causar danos. Oito tubos foram inseridos seguindo os passos descritos anteriormente até que a abertura atingisse o diâmetro desejado de 25 mm. O último tubo, um cilindro plástico de 25 mm de espessura como a parede uterina, previamente medido por ultrassonografia, foi inserido e fixado na parede uterina com pontos de 0 poliglactina 910 (Figuras 1 , direita, e 6). Todas essas etapas dos procedimentos foram guiadas por ultrassom para monitorar a parede uterina, as membranas amnióticas e a viabilidade fetal. [0062] Aluminum tubes with a larger external diameter than the previous one were inserted externally into the trocar, favoring progressive separation of the uterine circular muscle fibers. The tips of the aluminum tubes were thin, allowing the uterine fibers to be separated without causing damage. Eight tubes were inserted following the steps described above until the opening reached the desired diameter of 25 mm. The last tube, a 25 mm thick plastic cylinder, similar to the uterine wall, previously measured by ultrasound, was inserted and fixed to the uterine wall with polyglactin 910 sutures (Figures 1, right, and 6). All these steps of the procedures were guided by ultrasound to monitor the uterine wall, amniotic membranes, and fetal viability.
[0063] Um neuroendoscópio de luz fria de 4 mm e ângulo de 0o foi introduzido na cavidade amniótica através deste tubo (Figuras 1 ). Utilizando manobras de movimentação fetal foi possível visualizar o MM e segurar e estabilizar adequadamente a posição do feto. Com o auxílio de um neuroendoscópio e técnicas microcirúrgicas, a medula espinhal foi liberada suavemente. As bordas do placódio, que aparece como um “livro aberto”, foram liberadas e aproximadas, permitindo seu retorno ao formato de cone. O ligamento apical, frequentemente identificado na parte superior do placódio entre a medula espinhal e a dura-máter, foi seccionado para liberar a medula espinhal. A dura-máter ligada à fáscia lateral do quadrado lombar foi incisada e firmemente fechada para reconstruir o canal espinhal com sutura de poliglecaprone 25 5-0. A pele foi suturada com fios absorvíveis e, caso o defeito fosse grande, eram realizados retalhos miocutâneos para fechamento completo do disrafismo espinhal (Figura 8). O afastador tubular foi removido após o fechamento do MM, e as bordas da parede uterina foram fechadas com suturas de poliglecaprone 25 4-0, incluindo as membranas amnióticas e parte do miométrio. Isso ocorreu em um fechamento de segunda camada realizado com suturas contínuas ancoradas de 0 poliglactina 910. Um cateter vesical de Foley 16-Fr foi colocado para preencher a cavidade amniótica com solução salina a 0,9% em temperatura corporal, e 2 g de cefazolina foram adicionados antes que as paredes uterinas fossem totalmente fechadas. Um terceiro fechamento foi realizado usando suturas de 0 poliglactina 910 para separar as suturas na camada uterina externa. O útero foi retornado à cavidade abdominal, e a parede abdominal foi reconstruída. O útero foi devolvido à cavidade abdominal e foi realizada reconstrução da parede abdominal. A 4-mm, 0°, cold-light neuroendoscope was introduced into the amniotic cavity through this tube (Figures 1). Using fetal movement maneuvers, it was possible to visualize the MM and adequately secure and stabilize the fetal position. With the aid of a neuroendoscope and microsurgical techniques, the spinal cord was gently released. The edges of the placode, which appears as an "open book," were released and approximated, allowing it to return to its cone shape. The apical ligament, often identified at the superior part of the placode between the spinal cord and the dura mater, was divided to release the spinal cord. The dura mater attached to the lateral fascia of the quadratus lumborum was incised and tightly closed to reconstruct the spinal canal with 5-0 poliglecaprone sutures. The skin was sutured with absorbable sutures, and if the defect was large, myocutaneous flaps were created for complete closure of the spinal dysraphism (Figure 8). The tubular retractor was removed after closure of the MM, and the edges of the uterine wall were closed with 4-0 poliglecaprone sutures, including the amniotic membranes and part of the myometrium. This was a second-layer closure performed with continuous anchored polyglactin 910 sutures. A 16-Fr Foley urinary catheter was placed to fill the amniotic cavity with 0.9% saline at body temperature, and 2 g of cefazolin were added before the uterine walls were completely closed. A third closure was performed using polyglactin 910 sutures to separate the sutures in the outer uterine layer. The uterus was returned to the abdominal cavity, and the abdominal wall was reconstructed. The uterus was returned to the abdominal cavity, and abdominal wall reconstruction was performed.
[0064] A tocólise com sulfato de magnésio foi mantida a 1 g/h por 12 horas. Posteriormente, foram administrados 20 mg de nifedipina a cada 8 horas até o dia do parto. [0064] Tocolysis with magnesium sulfate was maintained at 1 g/h for 12 hours. Subsequently, 20 mg of nifedipine was administered every 8 hours until the day of delivery.
[0065] O útero foi avaliado por ultrassom após o fechamento da cavidade abdominal. A avaliação incluiu a placenta, o local da sutura uterina, o fechamento do MM, o grau de herniação do rombencéfalo e o batimento cardíaco fetal. As pacientes começaram a andar no 1 e dia após a operação. No entanto, elas foram avaliadas diariamente por um obstetra, e um ultrassom foi realizado no 3e dia após a operação. Elas receberam alta do hospital no 3e ou 4S dia e foram avaliadas semanalmente por meio de ultrassonografias até o parto. [0065] The uterus was evaluated by ultrasound after closure of the abdominal cavity. The evaluation included the placenta, the uterine suture site, the closure of the MM, the degree of hindbrain herniation, and the fetal heart rate. The patients began walking on the 1st day after surgery. However, they were evaluated daily by an obstetrician, and an ultrasound was performed on the 3rd day after surgery. They were discharged from the hospital on the 3rd and 4th day and were evaluated weekly by ultrasound until delivery.
[0066] Critérios de inclusão fetal: Fetos com idade gestacional < 26 semanas com disrafismo espinhal aberto diagnosticado por ultrassom e/ou ressonância magnética e com lesões localizadas entre L1 e S2 foram incluídos. Além disso, a presença de herniação do rombencéfalo através do forame magno (malformação de Chiari tipo II) foi notada. [0066] Fetal inclusion criteria: Fetuses with gestational age <26 weeks with open spinal dysraphism diagnosed by ultrasound and/or MRI and with lesions located between L1 and S2 were included. In addition, the presence of hindbrain herniation through the foramen magnum (Chiari type II malformation) was noted.
[0067] Todos os pacientes apresentavam achados genéticos normais e nenhuma outra anormalidade. Os pacientes foram acompanhados pela mesma equipe neurocirúrgica no pós-operatório por no mínimo 6 meses. [0067] All patients had normal genetic findings and no other abnormalities. Patients were followed by the same neurosurgical team postoperatively for at least 6 months.
[0068] Critérios de exclusão fetal: fetos com disrafismo espinhal com idade gestacional > 26 semanas, disrafismo espinhal torácico ou cervical, doenças genéticas ou submetidos ao procedimento, mas não acompanhados no pós- operatório. Além disso, fetos com disrafismo espinhal fechado e ausência de sinais radiológicos de malformação de Chiari, defeitos abaixo de S2, presença de cifoescoliose e diastematomielia foram excluídos. [0068] Fetal exclusion criteria: fetuses with spinal dysraphism with gestational age > 26 weeks, thoracic or cervical spinal dysraphism, genetic diseases or underwent the procedure but not followed up postoperatively. In addition, fetuses with closed spinal dysraphism and absence of radiological signs of Chiari malformation, defects below S2, presence of kyphoscoliosis and diastematomyelia were excluded.
[0069] Critérios de inclusão materna: Foram incluídas gestantes saudáveis de feto único com colo uterino > 25 mm e índice de massa corporal < 40 kg/m2. [0069] Maternal inclusion criteria: Healthy pregnant women with a single fetus with a cervix > 25 mm and a body mass index < 40 kg/m 2 .
[0070] Critérios de exclusão materna: Mães com comorbidades clínicas e/ou obstétricas, transtornos psiquiátricos, menores de 18 anos, gestações gemelares e colo uterino menor que 25 mm. [0070] Maternal exclusion criteria: Mothers with clinical and/or obstetric comorbidities, psychiatric disorders, under 18 years of age, twin pregnancies and cervix smaller than 25 mm.
[0071] Dez pares de pacientes (mãe e feto) com idade gestacional < 26 semanas preencheram os critérios de inclusão maternos e fetais. [0071] Ten pairs of patients (mother and fetus) with gestational age <26 weeks met the maternal and fetal inclusion criteria.
[0072] Resultados: [0072] Results:
[0073] Aspectos Maternos [0073] Maternal Aspects
[0074] Este foi um estudo envolvendo 10 pacientes. Seis mulheres grávidas tomaram ácido fólico preventivamente por mais de 3 meses antes de engravidarem. No momento da cirurgia, a idade gestacional foi de 23 semanas a 26 semanas. Cinco casos apresentaram placenta anterior. A espessura da parede uterina no local do ponto de entrada medida no momento da cirurgia variou de 12 a 23 mm (média de 18 mm). Foram utilizados afastadores tubulares de dois tamanhos: 15 e 20 mm de altura, com diâmetro de 25 mm. O tempo do procedimento variou de 120 a 140 minutos (média de 130 minutos). Além disso, nenhuma mãe apresentou deiscência uterina (Figura 2), edema pulmonar ou descolamento prematuro da placenta ou morreu. No entanto, 1 paciente apresentou oligoidrâmnio devido à separação da membrana corioamniótica. As características gerais das mães e dos fetos são mostradas na Tabela 1 . [0074] This was a study involving 10 patients. Six pregnant women took folic acid preventively for more than 3 months before becoming pregnant. At the time of surgery, the gestational age was 23 weeks to 26 weeks. Five cases had placenta previa. The uterine wall thickness at the entry site measured at the time of surgery ranged from 12 to 23 mm (mean 18 mm). Tubular retractors of two sizes were used: 15 and 20 mm in height, with a diameter of 25 mm. The procedure time ranged from 120 to 140 minutes (mean 130 minutes). Furthermore, no mother experienced uterine dehiscence (Figure 2), pulmonary edema, or placental abruption, or died. However, 1 patient experienced oligohydramnios due to separation of the chorioamniotic membrane. The general characteristics of the mothers and fetuses are shown in Table 1.
[0075] Tabela 1 : Características gerais das mães e dos fetos. DVP = Derivação ventriculoperitoneal. 3ETV + CPC= Terceira Ventriculostomia Endoscópica com Coagulação do Plexo Coroide. [0075] Table 1: General characteristics of mothers and fetuses. DVP = Ventriculoperitoneal shunt. 3ETV + CPC = Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy with Choroid Plexus Coagulation.
[0076] Aspectos Fetais [0076] Fetal Aspects
[0077] Cinco fetos apresentavam MM, enquanto o restante apresentava mielosquise. Em todos os casos, o defeito foi reparado sem membranas artificiais ou incisões de liberação paralelas. Em todos os fetos foi possível reverter anatomicamente a malformação de Chiari tipo 2, e nenhum dos pacientes apresentou sintomas de Chiari após o nascimento. Todas as pacientes nasceram por cesariana. A idade gestacional ao nascimento variou de 33 a 38 semanas, com média de 36 3/7, nenhum neonato necessitou de assistência respiratória. A média de internação pós-natal foi de 5 dias. Uma paciente, que era prematura de 33 semanas, teve ruptura prematura das membranas e desenvolveuoligohidrâmnio. A cesárea foi indicada após os corticoides terem sido administrados, e o recém-nascido não precisou de intubação após o nascimento. Todos os fetos tiveram reversão da hérnia do rombencéfalo. [0077] Five fetuses had MM, while the remainder had myeloschisis. In all cases, the defect was repaired without artificial membranes or parallel releasing incisions. In all fetuses, the Chiari type 2 malformation was anatomically reversible, and none of the patients presented Chiari symptoms after birth. All patients were delivered by cesarean section. Gestational age at birth ranged from 33 to 38 weeks, with a mean of 36 3/7; no neonate required respiratory assistance. The mean postnatal hospital stay was 5 days. One patient, who was 33 weeks premature, had premature rupture of membranes and developed oligohydramnios. Cesarean section was indicated after corticosteroids were administered, and the newborn did not require intubation after delivery. birth. All fetuses had reversal of the hindbrain herniation.
[0078] Aspectos Neonatais [0078] Neonatal Aspects
[0079] O período de acompanhamento variou de 6 a 39 meses após o nascimento. Nenhum paciente necessitou de intervenção adicional na coluna devido à deiscência da cicatriz, medula espinhal ancorada ou cistos de inclusão. A função motora melhorou com base no nível sensorial anatômico em 5 pacientes. Um paciente necessitou de uma derivação VP após o nascimento e apresentou um ventrículo lateral de 14 mm durante a cirurgia fetal. No entanto, outro apresentou hidrocefalia e edema transependimário aos 6 meses de idade. O recém-nascido foi submetido a ETV com coagulação do plexo coroide e não necessitou de uma derivação VP (Fig. 6). O tempo de acompanhamento foi muito curto para concluir a avaliação urológica. Um paciente necessitou de cateterismo vesical, e nenhuma morte ocorreu durante este estudo. Os resultados estão resumidos na Tabela 2. [0079] The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 39 months after birth. No patient required additional spinal intervention due to scar dehiscence, tethered spinal cord, or inclusion cysts. Motor function improved based on anatomical sensory level in 5 patients. One patient required a VP shunt after birth and had a 14-mm lateral ventricle during fetal surgery. However, another developed hydrocephalus and transependymal edema at 6 months of age. The newborn underwent ETV with choroid plexus coagulation and did not require a VP shunt (Fig. 6). The follow-up time was too short to complete the urological evaluation. One patient required bladder catheterization, and no deaths occurred during this study. The results are summarized in Table 2.
Tabela 2. Comparação dos resultados maternos entre coortes de correção pré- natal tratadas por diferentes grupos e técnicas. Table 2. Comparison of maternal outcomes between prenatal correction cohorts treated by different groups and techniques.
[0080] NA = não aplicável; Os va ores são mostrados como número, número (%) ou média, a menos que indicado de outra forma. [0080] NA = not applicable; Values are shown as number, number (%) or average unless otherwise indicated.
[0081] Discussão [0081] Discussion
[0082] O útero é um órgão de músculo liso que consiste em fibras musculares longitudinais e circulares. Fujimoto et al. (Fujimoto K, Kido A, Okada T, Uchikoshi M, Togashi K. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the normal human uterus in vivo at 3 tesla: comparison of DTI parameters in the diferente uterine layers. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;38(6):1494-150). usaram a técnica de imagem por tensor de difusão para mostrar a presença de muitas fibras circulares e longitudinais no corpo uterino e no fundo, respectivamente. A presente técnica foi proposta para alongar as fibras uterinas sem corte com base na capacidade elástica dos miócitos uterinos. A retração foi realizada no corpo uterino; em todos os casos, isso compreendeu principalmente fibras circulares. A manutenção das fibras uterinas deve ajudar a parede uterina e o ad integrum a retornarem ao normal e permitir a realização da gravidez a termo, facilitando assim a ocorrência de futuras gestações e parto vaginal. Em nossa série, todos os partos foram realizados por cesárea, não por medo de ruptura uterina, mas para preservar a cirurgia fetal. Além disso, das 10 pacientes incluídas na série, apenas 1 nasceu antes do termo (33 semanas) devido à ruptura da membrana amniótica. [0082] The uterus is a smooth muscle organ consisting of longitudinal and circular muscle fibers. Fujimoto et al. (Fujimoto K, Kido A, Okada T, Uchikoshi M, Togashi K. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the normal human uterus in vivo at 3 tesla: comparison of DTI parameters in the different uterine layers. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;38(6):1494-150). used the diffusion tensor imaging technique to show the presence of many circular and longitudinal fibers in the uterine body and fundus, respectively. The present technique was proposed to stretch the uterine fibers without cutting based on the elastic capacity of uterine myocytes. Retraction was performed in the uterine body; in all cases, this comprised mainly circular fibers. Maintaining uterine fiber should help the uterine wall and ad integrum return to normal and allow for full-term pregnancy, thus facilitating future pregnancies and vaginal delivery. In our series, all deliveries were performed by cesarean section, not for fear of uterine rupture, but to preserve fetal surgery. Furthermore, of the 10 patients included in the series, only 1 was born preterm (33 weeks) due to rupture of the amniotic membrane.
[0083] O MOMS mostrou que a necessidade de um shunt diminui em até 50% quando a cirurgia é realizada no início do período fetal. Notavelmente, apenas 2 de 10 pacientes necessitaram de tratamento para hidrocefalia com esta técnica. Neste estudo, a malformação de Chiari tipo II foi revertida em todos os pacientes. Diferentes séries mostraram reversão completa em 60%-80% dos casos. [0083] MOMS showed that the need for a shunt decreases by up to 50% when surgery is performed early in the fetal period. Notably, only 2 of 10 patients required treatment for hydrocephalus with this technique. In this study, Chiari type II malformation was reversed in all patients. Different series have shown complete reversal in 60%–80% of cases.
[0084] Muitos centros começaram a tratar esses pacientes com base nos resultados do MOMS. Várias mudanças no procedimento cirúrgico inicial foram propostas, principalmente técnicas endoscópicas e incluindo laparoscopia transabdominal ou transuterina com dois ou três portais. A cirurgia endoscópica transabdominal ou híbrida requer uma longa curva de aprendizado. Os custos desses procedimentos são elevados devido ao uso de trocartes descartáveis e gás dióxido de carbono aquecido e umidificado. [0084] Many centers began treating these patients based on the MOMS results. Several changes to the initial surgical procedure were proposed, primarily endoscopic techniques and including transabdominal or transuterine laparoscopy with two or three ports. Transabdominal or hybrid endoscopic surgery requires a long learning curve. The costs of these procedures are high due to the use of disposable trocars and heated and humidified carbon dioxide gas.
[0085] Esta técnica foi, em média, mais rápida que os resultados do International Fetoscopic Neural Tube Defect Repair Consortium (Sanz Cortes M, Chmait RH, Lapa DA, et al. Experience of 300 cases of prenatal fetoscopic open spina bifida repair: report of the International Fetoscopic Neural Tube Defect Repair Consortium. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021 ;225(6):678. e1 -678.e1 1 ), e seu tempo foi muito semelhante ao das técnicas abertas. As taxas de descolamento prematuro da placenta foram maiores com as técnicas endoscópicas (25 de 280 casos); no entanto, isso não foi visto em nossos casos. A ruptura prematura da membrana amniótica, fator determinante da prematuridade, foi vista em todas as séries; em contraste, as menores taxas foram encontradas em nossa série, e na de Belfort et al (Belfort MA, Whitehead WE, Shamshirsaz AA, et al. Fetoscopic open neural tube defect repair: development and refinement of a two-port, carbon dioxide insufflation technique. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(4):734-743). Em relação à ruptura uterina no local da sutura, estas não foram encontradas nos casos endoscópicos; no entanto, foram mais comuns nas técnicas abertas. Moron et al (Moron AF, Barbosa MM, Milani H, et al. Perinatal outcomes after open fetal surgery for myelomeningocele repair: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG. 2018 ; 125(10):1280-1286). encontraram uma taxa de 3,8% de deiscência completa na área da sutura uterina. Na série, o local de divulsão das fibras uterinas estava intacto durante o parto. Os resultados também foram superiores quando se compara a prematuridade. No estudo cooperativo (Sanz Cortes et al), a idade gestacional média ao nascimento foi de 34,3 semanas, enquanto em nossa série a idade gestacional foi de 36,3 semanas. Os piores resultados foram relatados por Lapa Pedreira et al. (Lapa Pedreira DA, Acacio GL, Gonçalves RT, et al. Percutaneous fetoscopic closure of large open spina bifida using a bilaminar skin substitute. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 52(4):458-466) com a técnica puramente endoscópica. Esses resultados também foram diferentes quanto à necessidade de shunts: o estudo cooperativo utilizou shunts ou ETV em 43,8% dos casos. No entanto, na série, 2/10 pacientes necessitaram de tratamento para hidrocefalia: um por meio de shunt e o outro foi submetido a ETV com sucesso. [0086] Conceitualmente, o MM é caracterizado por uma medula espinhal amarrada, considerando sua posição baixa do cone medular. Portanto, a liberação da medula espinhal é a chave para melhorar as funções motoras e esfincterianas nesses pacientes durante a cirurgia fetal. Os cirurgiões não devem se contentar em realizar um procedimento superficial simplesmente reparando o defeito usando diferentes tipos de adesivos. Os neurocirurgiões precisam liberar a medula espinhal e restabelecer sua anatomia normal, deixando o placode em um formato tubular, diferente de um livro aberto. Além disso, a liberação da medula espinhal previne o desenvolvimento futuro da síndrome da medula presa. [0085] This technique was, on average, faster than the results of the International Fetoscopic Neural Tube Defect Repair Consortium (Sanz Cortes M, Chmait RH, Lapa DA, et al. Experience of 300 cases of prenatal fetoscopic open spina bifida repair: report of the International Fetoscopic Neural Tube Defect Repair Consortium. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021 ;225(6):678. e1 -678.e1 1 ), and its time was very similar to that of open techniques. Placental abruption rates were higher with endoscopic techniques (25 of 280 cases); however, this was not seen in our cases. Premature rupture of the amniotic membrane, a determining factor for prematurity, was seen in all series; In contrast, the lowest rates were found in our series and in that of Belfort et al (Belfort MA, Whitehead WE, Shamshirsaz AA, et al. Fetoscopic open neural tube defect repair: development and refinement of a two-port, carbon dioxide insufflation technique. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(4):734-743). Regarding uterine rupture at the suture site, these were not found in endoscopic cases; however, they were more common in open techniques. Moron et al (Moron AF, Barbosa MM, Milani H, et al. Perinatal outcomes after open fetal surgery for myelomeningocele repair: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG. 2018;125(10):1280-1286) found a 3.8% rate of complete dehiscence in the uterine suture area. In this series, the uterine fiber separation site was intact during delivery. The results were also superior. when comparing prematurity. In the cooperative study (Sanz Cortes et al), the mean gestational age at birth was 34.3 weeks, while in our series, the gestational age was 36.3 weeks. The worst results were reported by Lapa Pedreira et al. (Lapa Pedreira DA, Acacio GL, Gonçalves RT, et al. Percutaneous fetoscopic closure of large open spina bifida using a bilaminar skin substitute. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 52(4):458-466) with the purely endoscopic technique. These results also differed regarding the need for shunts: the cooperative study used shunts or ETV in 43.8% of cases. However, in the series, 2/10 patients required treatment for hydrocephalus: one with a shunt and the other underwent successful ETV. [0086] Conceptually, MM is characterized by a tethered spinal cord, given the low position of the conus medullaris. Therefore, releasing the spinal cord is key to improving motor and sphincter functions in these patients during fetal surgery. Surgeons should not be content with performing a superficial procedure by simply repairing the defect using various types of adhesives. Neurosurgeons need to release the spinal cord and restore its normal anatomy, leaving the placode in a tubular shape, unlike an open book. Furthermore, releasing the spinal cord prevents the future development of tethered cord syndrome.
[0087] Procedimentos assistidos por endoscopia tubular de porta única são baratos e podem ser realizados em qualquer centro de neurocirurgia porque dependem de materiais tradicionais de microcirurgia. Muitos neurocirurgiões pediátricos dominam essa cirurgia, pois ela é rotineiramente realizada para remover tumores cerebrais profundos ou intraventriculares e tumores da base do crânio, como tumores hipofisários, craniofaringiomas e cordomas clivus. [0087] Single-port tube endoscopy-assisted procedures are inexpensive and can be performed at any neurosurgery center because they rely on traditional microsurgical materials. Many pediatric neurosurgeons are proficient in this surgery, as it is routinely performed to remove deep-seated or intraventricular brain tumors and skull base tumors such as pituitary tumors, craniopharyngiomas, and clivus chordomas.
[0088] Reconhece-se as limitações do estudo resultantes de sua natureza retrospectiva, o número relativamente pequeno de casos incluídos e o curto acompanhamento pós-natal. No entanto, apesar dessas limitações, esta técnica é simples e reprodutível. Ela permite apresentar um campo de trabalho relativamente de amplo (por exemplode de 25 mm) por meio de um afastador tubular, que mantém o feto com estabilidade suficiente e fornece um primeiro passo em direção à correção assistida com técnicas robóticas em um único portal. [0088] The limitations of this study are recognized, resulting from its retrospective nature, the relatively small number of cases included, and the short postnatal follow-up. However, despite these limitations, this technique is simple and reproducible. It allows us to present a field of work relatively wide (e.g. 25 mm) by means of a tubular retractor, which maintains the fetus with sufficient stability and provides a first step towards assisted correction with robotic techniques in a single portal.
[0089] Finalmente, Adzick et al. (Adzick NS, Thorn EA, Spong CY, et al. A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. N Engl J Med. 201 1 ;364(1 1 ) :993-1004) e Degenhardt et al. (Degenhardt J, Schürg R, Winarno A, et al. Percutaneous minimal-access fetoscopic surgery for spina bifida aperta. Part II: maternal management and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014;44(5):525-531 ) mostraram-se como técnicas distintas e que não descrevem ou sugerem as vantagens da presente invenção. [0089] Finally, Adzick et al. (Adzick NS, Thorn EA, Spong CY, et al. A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(11):993-1004) and Degenhardt et al. (Degenhardt J, Schürg R, Winarno A, et al. Percutaneous minimal-access fetoscopic surgery for spina bifida aperta. Part II: maternal management and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014;44(5):525-531) were shown to be distinct techniques and do not describe or suggest the advantages of the present invention.
[0090] Conclusões [0090] Conclusions
[0091] Os avanços na medicina fetal melhoraram a qualidade de vida de pacientes com MM que passam por cirurgia no período fetal. A abordagem assistida por endoscopia tubular de portal único permite o tratamento do disrafismo espinhal fetal e é possivelmente o primeiro passo para a futura correção de portal único usando técnicas robóticas. [0091] Advances in fetal medicine have improved the quality of life of MM patients who undergo surgery in the fetal period. The single-port tubular endoscopy-assisted approach allows for the treatment of fetal spinal dysraphism and is possibly the first step toward future single-port correction using robotic techniques.
[0092] Os exemplos aqui revelados possuem o intuito de somente exemplificar algumas das inúmeras formas de realização e utilização da presente invenção, sem limitar a interpretação de seu escopo e amplitude, bem como, sobre eventuais formas alternativas e variações configuracionais da mesma que serão definidas a partir das reivindicações aqui apresentadas. [0092] The examples disclosed herein are intended to merely exemplify some of the numerous ways of realizing and using the present invention, without limiting the interpretation of its scope and breadth, as well as any alternative forms and configurational variations thereof that will be defined based on the claims presented herein.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR102024005466 | 2024-03-20 | ||
| BR1020240054660 | 2024-03-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025194235A1 true WO2025194235A1 (en) | 2025-09-25 |
Family
ID=97138234
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR2025/050103 Pending WO2025194235A1 (en) | 2024-03-20 | 2025-03-20 | Device for retraction of the fibers of a segment of a uterine body, set of devices, uses and methods |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2025194235A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1139443A1 (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1985-02-15 | Golubev Anatolij P | Uterine dilator |
| CN2381341Y (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2000-06-07 | 陈昭 | Disposable continuous cervical dilator |
| US20100114147A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-06 | The University Of Toledo | Directional soft tissue dilator and docking pin with integrated light source for optimization of retractor placement in minimally invasive spine surgery |
| CN204049796U (en) * | 2014-08-23 | 2014-12-31 | 刘经红 | Metal cervix uteri gradual expansion device |
| US20230218317A1 (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-07-13 | Code Grey Innovation and Development, LLC | Cervical Dilator |
-
2025
- 2025-03-20 WO PCT/BR2025/050103 patent/WO2025194235A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1139443A1 (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1985-02-15 | Golubev Anatolij P | Uterine dilator |
| CN2381341Y (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2000-06-07 | 陈昭 | Disposable continuous cervical dilator |
| US20100114147A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-06 | The University Of Toledo | Directional soft tissue dilator and docking pin with integrated light source for optimization of retractor placement in minimally invasive spine surgery |
| CN204049796U (en) * | 2014-08-23 | 2014-12-31 | 刘经红 | Metal cervix uteri gradual expansion device |
| US20230218317A1 (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-07-13 | Code Grey Innovation and Development, LLC | Cervical Dilator |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Kohl et al. | Percutaneous fetoscopic patch coverage of spina bifida aperta in the human–early clinical experience and potential | |
| Zornig et al. | Scarless cholecystectomy with combined transvaginal and transumbilical approach in a series of 20 patients | |
| Cruz-Martínez et al. | Open fetal microneurosurgery for intrauterine spina bifida repair | |
| Capobianco et al. | Hysterosalpingography in infertility investigation protocol: is it still useful? | |
| WO2025194235A1 (en) | Device for retraction of the fibers of a segment of a uterine body, set of devices, uses and methods | |
| BR102025005461A2 (en) | DEVICE FOR RETRACTION OF THE FIBERS OF A SEGMENT OF A UTERINE BODY, SET OF DEVICES, USES AND METHODS | |
| RU2722566C2 (en) | Method of combined surgical management of ia-ib endometrial cancer in patients with morbid obesity | |
| Busacca et al. | Laparoscopic-ultrasonographic combined technique for the creation of a neovagina in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome | |
| Cavalheiro et al. | Tubular single-port endoscope-assisted surgery for fetal myelomeningocele repair | |
| Kalampalikis et al. | Transverse vaginal septum with a hemiuterus: a laparoscopic-guided abdominoperineal approach | |
| CN213217330U (en) | Novel retractor for nasal cavity operation | |
| CN1657013A (en) | Special vaginal vault positioning retractor for laparoscopic hysterectomy | |
| Callou et al. | Maternal and perinatal outcomes after prenatal or postnatal surgical repair of myelomeningocele | |
| RU2840188C1 (en) | Method of vaginal metroplasty of inconsistent uterine scar after caesarean section surgery | |
| RU2585739C1 (en) | Novel method for operation of abdominal colpopoiesis performed for surgical correction of developmental internal genitals-vaginal aplasia and uterus | |
| TULANDI | Reconstructive tubal surgery by laparoscopy | |
| RU2790762C1 (en) | Urethral speculum female (options) | |
| Hajivassiliou et al. | Evolution of a percutaneous fetoscopic access system for single-port tracheal occlusion | |
| CN2768660Y (en) | Special veginal fornix positioning dilator for hysterectomy under abdominoscope | |
| Uckara et al. | Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery for Hysterectomy in Women with Posterior Cul-de-sac Obliteration: A series of seven cases | |
| US20230165516A1 (en) | Device for establishing an amniotic cavity access through a mother and method thereof | |
| Brosens et al. | Transvaginal access heralds the end of standard diagnostic laparoscopy in infertility. | |
| AU2021101426A4 (en) | A device for dilation of the cervix | |
| RU2746898C1 (en) | Method for correcting apical component of genital prolapse in women | |
| RU2253392C1 (en) | Device for carrying out artificial abortion |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 25772626 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |