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WO2025169099A1 - Système et procédé de récupération d'énergie thermique à partir de fumées de déchets - Google Patents

Système et procédé de récupération d'énergie thermique à partir de fumées de déchets

Info

Publication number
WO2025169099A1
WO2025169099A1 PCT/IB2025/051244 IB2025051244W WO2025169099A1 WO 2025169099 A1 WO2025169099 A1 WO 2025169099A1 IB 2025051244 W IB2025051244 W IB 2025051244W WO 2025169099 A1 WO2025169099 A1 WO 2025169099A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
fumes
heat exchanger
compression unit
conveying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/IB2025/051244
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ali NEHME
Gabriele GUASTAFERRO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
Original Assignee
Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA filed Critical Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
Publication of WO2025169099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025169099A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/064—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle in combination with an industrial process, e.g. chemical, metallurgical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/10—Arrangements for using waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/001—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for thermal power plants or industrial processes

Definitions

  • TITLE SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR RECOVERY OF THERMAL ENERGY FROM WASTE FUMES
  • the present invention relates to a system and a process for recovering thermal energy from waste fumes, in particular from fumes from metallurgical or steel plants.
  • the capture of carbon dioxide from waste fumes is important for the protection of the environment and climate.
  • CO2 carbon dioxide
  • melting furnaces for example EAF, acronym for electric arc furnace
  • RHF reheating furnaces
  • CO2 capture processes often require, in order to increase the capture efficiency, waste fumes compressed at a certain pressure which, in a traditional plant, results in the consumption of electricity in order to achieve this condition.
  • the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a system and a related process that are able to recover the waste heat contained in waste fumes from metallurgical or steel plants and to remove CO2, at least partially, from the fumes in an economical and simple way.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the electrical consumption necessary to capture carbon dioxide from the fumes. Further objects or advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description.
  • the object is achieved by a system for recovering thermal energy from waste fumes from metallurgical or steel plants that comprises:
  • the recovery system can comprise further compression units, which as will be described also perform the function of starting, as well as of keeping under pressure, arranged in succession, or expansion can take place in several stages and therefore by means of several expansion units.
  • the expansion unit in general comprises a turbine. The number of heat exchangers can also be increased.
  • the combination of compression units and expansion units mutually connected by means of a mechanical transmission device, configures a so-called turbo-compressor.
  • the compression unit sucks the fumes to be compressed and is actuated by the mechanical transmission device, actuated in turn by means of the expansion work of the fumes that takes place in the turbine of the expansion unit.
  • the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running preferably comprises at least one auxiliary device selected from the group consisting of an electric resistance, an air or steam injector, a fuel-feedable burner and an electric compressor.
  • the fuel-feedable burner is preferably configured to heat the fumes directly or indirectly, for example by means of radiant pipes.
  • a heat exchanger has the task of transferring thermal energy from one medium or fluid to another.
  • One of the media or fluids acts as a heat-releasing agent, the other as a heat receiver.
  • the important aspect is that the two media or fluids are located in two separate conduits, one for conveying the heat-releasing fluid and the other one for the heat-receiving fluid. Fluids may have different states of aggregation. One of the two fluids may therefore, for example, be gaseous, the other liquid.
  • the operating principle of the recovery system illustrated above makes it possible to use the heat of the waste fumes to produce compressed fumes necessary in the CO2 capture plant and therefore to contribute to the extraction of carbon dioxide from the fumes with a considerable saving of electrical energy.
  • the heat exchangers present in the system also allow, for example, the residual heat from compression to be used as an additional energy source, as will be illustrated below.
  • the residual heat generated by the compressors in the heating circuit is no longer dispersed, but used: for example, heat exchangers reintroduce a portion into the fume heating system to prepare them for expansion, with obvious environmental benefits.
  • Plants for capturing CO2 in various forms are known in the state of the art and the person skilled in the art identifies the one most suitable for their operating conditions with their common general knowledge. A detailed description of these systems can therefore be waived.
  • the capture plant uses chemical reactions or the phenomenon of absorption to separate carbon dioxide from other components present in the fumes, for example through formation of potassium carbonate or carbamates.
  • technologies for filtration of CO2 through membranes are known.
  • the system for recovering thermal energy from waste fumes further comprises: (g) a second heat exchanger; and optionally
  • a third heat exchanger wherein the second and third heat exchanger, if provided, are arranged respectively at the outlet of the compression unit or at the outlet of the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running, and wherein said second and said third heat exchanger each comprise a conduit for conveying a heat-releasing fluid and a conduit for conveying a heat-receiving fluid and wherein the conduits for conveying the heat-releasing fluid are configured to be crossed by the compressed fumes originating respectively from the compression unit and from the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running.
  • the system comprises both the second and the third heat exchangers which are arranged, respectively between said compression unit and the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running and downstream of the series formed by said compression unit and said auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running, and upstream of said carbon dioxide capture plant.
  • An alternatively advantageous connectivity of the aforementioned configuration provides that the pipes connecting the elements of the recovery system connect in the order indicated: - the series formed by the compression unit and the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running and the conduits for conveying the heat-releasing fluid of the second and third heat exchangers;
  • the system comprises in addition to the first heat exchanger a second heat exchanger comprising a conduit for conveying the heat-releasing fluid and a conduit for the heat-receiving fluid.
  • the first heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the series formed by the compression unit and the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running and upstream of said carbon dioxide capture plant, while the second heat exchanger is arranged between said compression unit and said auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running.
  • This advantageous embodiment provides for the recovery of the compression thermal energy contained in the compressed fumes coming from the compression unit and the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running.
  • the compressed fumes exchange heat with themselves in the heat exchangers used to cool the fumes exiting the compression unit and the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running and then use the removed heat for heating the fumes in preparation for expansion.
  • This is an internal regeneration of the available heat.
  • This configuration is particularly suitable when the fumes exiting the compression unit and the auxiliary group to start and/or keep the system running have a temperature close to that required at the turbine inlet.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a metallurgical or steel plant which comprises:
  • At least one apparatus producing hot waste fumes preferably selected from melting furnaces and reheating furnaces, and comprising a device for extracting waste fumes; wherein said device for extracting hot fumes is connected to an inlet of said compression unit or of said auxiliary group to start and/or keep running the system and optionally, in the case of the recovery system that provides for a heat exchanger that does not use the heat coming from the exchangers used for cooling the compressed fumes, to the conduit for conveying the heatreleasing fluid of said first heat exchanger.
  • a metallurgical or steel plant equipped with a system according to the invention could become practically autonomous in capturing CO2 as it can use internal energy sources, reducing the possible collection of electrical energy since said internal energy sources can derive from waste energy.
  • the fumes themselves provide the energy for their purification in the carbon dioxide capture plant, in the turbo-compressor that self-supports the system at least partially and, where appropriate, in the power supply of the first heat exchanger.
  • the fumes themselves produce thermal energy during their compression which in turn can be used to heat the fumes entering the expansion unit.
  • the fumes are cooled in a further heat exchanger and subsequently enter the capture plant, where part of the CO2 present in the fumes is captured and tapped by the system, while the other part is conveyed together with the remaining fumes in a downstream heat exchanger, in turn connected to the waste heat source and/or to the conduits for conveying the heat-receiving fluid from the heat exchangers for cooling the compressed fumes before entering the carbon dioxide capture plant.
  • the hot compressed fumes (low in CO2) expand and generate the rotation of the impeller of the expansion unit which in turn, through the mechanical transmission element, supports the rotation of the first-stage compressor.
  • the features described for one aspect of the invention can be transferred mutatis mutandis to the other aspects of the invention.
  • the transfer is implicit, as certain elements of the plant (e.g. the compression unit) correspond to respective process steps (e.g. compression) and vice versa.
  • the waste heat recovery system for obtaining compression energy and CO2 capture shows an innovation in the steel and metallurgical sector. By also exploiting residual thermal energy, the CO2 capture plant can improve its energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote greater environmental and operational sustainability.
  • Fig. 2 shows a principle diagram of a second embodiment of a system for recovering thermal energy from waste fumes from metallurgical or steel plants.
  • Fig. 3 shows a principle diagram of a third embodiment of a system for recovering thermal energy from waste fumes from metallurgical or steel plants.
  • Heat exchangers including a main heat exchanger 22 that is inserted between a heat source (not depicted) from which to recover waste energy and the fumes exiting a CO2 capture plant 20.
  • the function of this heat exchanger 22 is to recover waste energy.
  • the heat source could be an active source, such as for example an electrical resistance, a fuel-feedable burner that heats the fumes directly or indirectly through radiant tubes, a steam injector.
  • intermediate heat exchangers 14 and 18 are provided. These heat exchangers 14, 18 have the function of cooling the fumes following compression by, for example, cooling water;
  • the treated fumes pass through another heat exchanger 22 to be heated and finally reach the turbine in the expansion unit 24 which, collecting expansion work, drives the first compressor 12.
  • the fumes exiting the expansion unit 24 are cleaner, in terms of CO2, than the fumes entering the compression unit 12.
  • Fig. 2 shows a principle diagram of a second embodiment of a system 110 for recovering thermal energy from waste fumes from metallurgical or steel plants.
  • the fumes to be treated enter the compression unit 112 and are compressed.
  • the heat generated by the compression is removed in a heat exchanger 114.
  • the fumes thus cooled are further compressed in a preferably electric compressor 116 and then further cooled in a heat exchanger 118.
  • the fumes compressed and cooled in two stages reach the plant 120 for the capture of CO2 which is removed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (10, 110, 210) et un procédé associé de récupération d'énergie thermique à partir de fumées de déchets provenant d'usines métallurgiques/aciéries. Les fumées de déchets sont comprimées dans une unité de compression (12 ; 112 ; 212) reliée à un groupe auxiliaire pour démarrer le système et/ou le faire fonctionner (16 ; 116 ; 216), de préférence refroidies après compression par des échangeurs de chaleur (14, 18 ; 114, 118 ; 214, 218) puis débarrassées du CO2 dans une installation de capture de dioxyde de carbone (20 ; 120 ; 220). Les fumées ainsi nettoyées sont chauffées et entrent dans une unité d'expansion (24 ; 124 ; 224). Le chauffage des fumées entrant dans le détendeur est réalisé avec des échangeurs de chaleur (22 ; 114, 118 ; 122 ; 222) dont les conduits d'amenée d'un fluide caloporteur sont alimentés directement par des fumées de déchets chaudes ou dans les échangeurs de refroidissement précités par les fumées chaudes comprimées qui les traversent.
PCT/IB2025/051244 2024-02-07 2025-02-06 Système et procédé de récupération d'énergie thermique à partir de fumées de déchets Pending WO2025169099A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102024000002557 2024-02-07
IT202400002557 2024-02-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025169099A1 true WO2025169099A1 (fr) 2025-08-14

Family

ID=90718272

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2025/051244 Pending WO2025169099A1 (fr) 2024-02-07 2025-02-06 Système et procédé de récupération d'énergie thermique à partir de fumées de déchets

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025169099A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4271665A (en) * 1978-04-26 1981-06-09 Sulzer Brothers Limited Installation for generating pressure gas or mechanical energy
EP1486246A2 (fr) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-15 Institut Francais Du Petrole Procédé de traitement de fumées avec recuperation d'energie
US20120219481A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2012-08-30 Calix Limited Method and system for extracting carbon dioxide from an industrial source of flue gas at atmospheric pressure
AU2011346805A1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2013-07-11 General Electric Technology Gmbh Metallurgical plant gas cleaning system, and method of cleaning an effluent gas

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4271665A (en) * 1978-04-26 1981-06-09 Sulzer Brothers Limited Installation for generating pressure gas or mechanical energy
EP1486246A2 (fr) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-15 Institut Francais Du Petrole Procédé de traitement de fumées avec recuperation d'energie
US20120219481A1 (en) * 2009-07-20 2012-08-30 Calix Limited Method and system for extracting carbon dioxide from an industrial source of flue gas at atmospheric pressure
AU2011346805A1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2013-07-11 General Electric Technology Gmbh Metallurgical plant gas cleaning system, and method of cleaning an effluent gas

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HUSSAM JOUHARA ET AL: "Waste heat recovery technologies and applications", THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS, vol. 6, 1 June 2018 (2018-06-01), pages 268 - 289, XP055682418, ISSN: 2451-9049, DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2018.04.017 *

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