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WO2025167268A1 - Method and apparatus for downlink signaling - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for downlink signaling

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Publication number
WO2025167268A1
WO2025167268A1 PCT/CN2024/133713 CN2024133713W WO2025167268A1 WO 2025167268 A1 WO2025167268 A1 WO 2025167268A1 CN 2024133713 W CN2024133713 W CN 2024133713W WO 2025167268 A1 WO2025167268 A1 WO 2025167268A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
message
messages
terminal devices
time
signaling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/133713
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ming Li
Min Wang
Henrik Enbuske
Zhang Zhang
Bikramjit Singh
Emre YAVUZ
Santhan THANGARASA
Dung PHAM VAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Publication of WO2025167268A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025167268A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/20Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/001Energy harvesting or scavenging

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to communication networks, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for downlink (DL) signaling.
  • DL downlink
  • ZE devices may refer to wireless IoT devices that do not require battery replacement, and often harvest energy from the environment. In some use cases, such as monitoring the temperature of foodstuffs, the ZE devices may have small batteries that are disposable (e.g., organic, compostable batteries, etc. ) , rechargeable or have very limited capacity.
  • the ZE-IoT devices can in addition be of very small form factor and could even be printable and they target ultra-low power consumption to enable operation based on either energy-harvesting from an ambient sources or back-scattering communication (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) , etc. ) . That is, instead of relying on energy for communication being provided by a battery it is instead harvested from an ambient source, such as vibrations, solar power, radio frequency (RF) , etc. (in the harvesting case) , or a charge carrier wave (CW) is provided to the device which is modulated and reflected back to a reader (in the back-scattering communication case) . This enables energy autonomous operation during the lifetime of the devices without need for either manual replacement or charging of the batteries while providing means for new low cost, small form factor devices.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • An ambient IoT (A-IoT) user equipment may be incapable of always keeping synchronization with a serving network node due to low-complexity and low-cost implementation in the A-IoT UE which is equipped with no timing means.
  • the A-IoT UE may have no information about timing of upcoming communications (e.g., DL reception and/or uplink (UL) transmission, etc. ) and thus may not be able to take appropriate actions in correct time occasions, resulting in unnecessary energy consumption, the loss or delayed reception of DL signaling and missing UL transmission opportunity.
  • upcoming communications e.g., DL reception and/or uplink (UL) transmission, etc.
  • a solution for DL signaling may enable a terminal device (e.g., an ultra-low power device, a ZE-IoT device, an A-IoT device, etc. ) to be informed of subsequent communications by a prior message (e.g., a short/light DL signaling or message, etc. ) , so that the terminal device can be prepared well for the subsequent communications by taking appropriate actions (e.g., harvesting/collecting sufficient energy, monitoring proper time occasions for potential communications, etc. ) .
  • a terminal device e.g., an ultra-low power device, a ZE-IoT device, an A-IoT device, etc.
  • a prior message e.g., a short/light DL signaling or message, etc.
  • a method performed by a terminal device comprises: receiving a first message from a network node.
  • the method may optionally comprise: performing one or more actions according to the first message.
  • an apparatus which may be implemented as a terminal device.
  • the apparatus may comprise one or more processors and one or more memories storing computer program codes.
  • the one or more memories and the computer program codes may be configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus at least to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • a computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • a method performed by a network node comprises: transmitting a first message towards one or more terminal devices.
  • the method may optionally comprise: generating the first message.
  • the first message may be intended for the one or more terminal devices.
  • an apparatus which may be implemented as a network node.
  • the apparatus may comprise one or more processors and one or more memories storing computer program codes.
  • the one or more memories and the computer program codes may be configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus at least to perform any step of the method according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
  • a network node may use a first message (e.g., a prior message or short/light DL signaling, etc. ) to inform a terminal device of some information about one or more DL/UL messages subsequent to the first message, so that the terminal device can be prepared for the reception/transmission of one or more subsequent DL/UL messages.
  • a first message e.g., a prior message or short/light DL signaling, etc.
  • This can improve energy efficiency and enhance resource utilization while achieving flexibility of signaling transmission.
  • Fig. 2B is a diagram illustrating exemplary DL signaling transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , and so on.
  • NR new radio
  • LTE long term evolution
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • HSPA high-speed packet access
  • the communications between a terminal device and a network node in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , 4G, 4.5G, 5G, 6G communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • the term “network node” refers to a network device in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses to the network and receives services therefrom.
  • the network node may refer to a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) , a multi-cell/multicast coordination entity (MCE) , a controller or any other suitable device in a wireless communication network.
  • BS base station
  • AP access point
  • MCE multi-cell/multicast coordination entity
  • the BS may be, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNodeB or gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth.
  • NodeB or NB node B
  • eNodeB or eNB evolved NodeB
  • gNodeB or gNB next generation NodeB
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • RH radio header
  • RRH remote radio head
  • relay a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth.
  • a terminal device may also be called an IoT device and represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring, sensing and/or measurements etc., and transmits the results of such monitoring, sensing and/or measurements etc. to another terminal device and/or a network equipment.
  • the terminal device may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) context be referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) device.
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • the terminal device may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band Internet of things (NB-IoT) standard.
  • NB-IoT 3GPP narrow band Internet of things
  • machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances, e.g., refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches etc.
  • a terminal device may represent a vehicle or other equipment, for example, a medical instrument that is capable of monitoring, sensing and/or reporting etc. on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
  • the terms “first” , “second” and so forth refer to different elements.
  • the singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
  • the term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on” .
  • the term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment” .
  • the term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment” .
  • Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
  • 3GPP technical report (TR) 22.840 V19.0.0 is being developed by SA1 to capture potential use cases, traffic scenarios, device constraints of A-IoT and to identify new potential service requirements as well as new key performance indicators (KPIs) .
  • KPIs key performance indicators
  • Identify the suitable deployment scenarios and their characteristics, at least for the use cases/services agreed in SA1’s “Study on Ambient power-enabled internet of Things” , comprising among at least the following aspects: ⁇ Indoor/outdoor environment. ⁇ Base station characteristics, e.g. macro/micro/pico cells-based deployments. ⁇ Connectivity topologies, including which node (s) , e.g. base station, UE, relay, repeater, etc. can communicate with target devices. ⁇ Time division duplexing/frequency division duplexing (TDD/FDD) , and frequency bands in licensed or unlicensed spectrum. ⁇ Coexistence with UEs and infrastructure in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies. ⁇ Device originated and/or device terminated traffic assumption.
  • TDD Time division duplexing/frequency division duplexing
  • a WG-level study item is expected to continue in Rel-19.
  • a work item may be started during Rel-19 as well. It may be needed to have focused scope on issues such as device type (s) , deployment scenario (s) , topology option (s) , etc., and to address cross-TSG-dependencies, as well as a discussion about whether there is a strong need or it is feasible to convert the study and hence specify ambient IoT in Rel-19.
  • rUCs representative use cases as follows, which are used in clause 4.2 “Deployment scenarios and connectivity topologies” of 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0.
  • -rUC1 Indoor inventory.
  • -rUC2 Indoor sensors.
  • -rUC3 Indoor positioning.
  • -rUC4 Indoor command.
  • -rUC5 Outdoor inventory.
  • -rUC6 Outdoor sensors.
  • -rUC7 Outdoor positioning.
  • -rUC8 Outdoor command.
  • mapping between RAN representative use cases and SA1 use cases in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0.
  • Figs. 1A-1E are diagrams illustrating exemplary connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the exemplary connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices are defined for the purposes of the study as described in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0.
  • the A-IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave (CW) from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology.
  • CW carrier wave
  • the links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
  • Figs. 1A-1E The topology in any of Figs. 1A-1E is described with respect to a single BS/UE/assisting node/intermediate node, but it can be appreciated that the BS/UE/assisting node/intermediate node as shown in Figs. 1A-1E may also be multiple BSs/UEs/assisting nodes/intermediate nodes, respectively.
  • the mixture of indoor and outdoor placement of such nodes is regarded as a network implementation choice. Account may need to be taken of potential impact on device or node complexity. In the connectivity topologies, this does not imply the existence of multi-hop assisting or intermediate nodes. Different topologies are illustrated in below with respect to Figs. 1A-1E, respectively.
  • Topology 1 device
  • Topology 1 as shown in Fig. 1A (which corresponds to Figure 1/4.2.1.1-1 in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) , the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with the BS.
  • the communication between the BS and the A-IoT device includes A-IoT data and/or signaling.
  • This topology includes the possibility that the BS transmitting to the A-IoT device is different from the BS receiving from the A-IoT device.
  • Topology 2 device
  • Topology 2 as shown in Fig. 1B (which corresponds to Figure 2/4.2.1.2-1 in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) , the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node between the A-IoT device and the BS.
  • the intermediate node can be a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT.
  • the intermediate node transfers A-IoT data and/or signaling between the BS and the A-IoT device.
  • Topology 3 Topology 3:
  • the A-IoT device transmits data/signaling to the BS, and receives data/signaling from the assisting node (as shown in Fig. 1C which corresponds to Figure 3/4.2.1.3-1 “Topology 3 with downlink assistance” in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) ; or the A-IoT device receives data/signaling from the BS and transmits data/signaling to the assisting node (as shown in Fig. 1D which corresponds to Figure 4/4.2.1.3-2 “Topology 3 with uplink assistance” in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) .
  • the assisting node can be a relay, an IAB, a UE, a repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.
  • Topology 4 device
  • the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the UE.
  • the communication between the UE and the A-IoT device includes A-IoT data and/or signaling.
  • Deployment scenarios for A-IoT have been studied in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 on the basis of a list of characteristics, and the representative use case (s) applicable to a scenario.
  • ⁇ Deployment scenario 2 Device indoors, base station outdoors.
  • ⁇ Deployment scenario 3 Device indoors, UE-based reader.
  • Deployment scenario 4 Device outdoors, base station outdoors.
  • Deployment scenario 5 Device outdoors, UE-based reader.
  • A-IoT devices may be characterized in the study by 3GPP according to their energy storage capacity, and capability of generating RF signals for their transmissions. The study considers that a device has either: ⁇ No energy storage at all; or ⁇ Limited energy storage
  • ⁇ Device A No energy storage, no independent signal generation/amplification, i.e. backscattering transmission.
  • ⁇ Device B Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.
  • ⁇ Device C Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission.
  • a limited energy storage can be different among implementations within Device B or implementations within Device C, and different between Device B and Device C. Such storage is expected to be order (s) of magnitude smaller than an NB-IoT device would typically include. Devices A, B, and C are able to demodulate control, data, etc. from the relevant entity in RAN according to the connectivity topology.
  • 3GPP will target an IoT segment well below the existing cellular Internet of things (CIoT) technologies rather than replacement of existing 3GPP PLWA technologies. It is expected that together with simplifications in physical layer design, the higher layer (L2/L3) design will also be much lighter weighted than the existing higher layer design in 3GPP, i.e., a minimal set of functionalities (both at access stratum (AS) and non-access stratum (NAS) levels) , which is even more simplified compared to that adopted for the existing CIoT technologies, may be used to operate A-IoT devices.
  • AS access stratum
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • One way of such simplifications is to design a communication protocol shifted from fully connection oriented with both NAS and radio resource control (RRC) connections between device and network to connectionless type of communication with or without RRC connections or even also no NAS connections between device and network so that the protocol and signaling overhead associated with the handshaking between device and network is minimized.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • connectionless communication is to employ message-based or self-contained transmission where context/control information associated with the signaling/data traffic is transmitted together with or right after the signaling/data traffic where in the latter case (i.e., the right after case) , there is no other transmission between the context/control information and the associated signaling/data traffic carrying information that is needed for reception of the signaling/data traffic.
  • context/control information associated with the signaling/data traffic is transmitted together with or right after the signaling/data traffic where in the latter case (i.e., the right after case) , there is no other transmission between the context/control information and the associated signaling/data traffic carrying information that is needed for reception of the signaling/data traffic.
  • the signaling/data traffic is transmitted within or right after the paging message.
  • a legacy UE and a network node in a legacy terrestrial system have tight synchronization between using a synchronization signal block (SSB) , other reference signals or timing information provided by the network (NW) to the UE.
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • an A-IoT UE is activated by an occasional signal from a network node, for example through receiving a paging-like signal, or by other means detecting for example distinguishable energy burst through a CW or modulated CW.
  • the A-IoT UE may then backscatter a corresponding UL transmission.
  • the A-IoT UE acting passively may not have knowledge at which point in time the occasional signal may occur/arrive at the receiver, and further may have not any implementation (e.g., circuit, power, digital processing, such as oscillator, etc. ) that can act periodically in receiving or attempting to receive an occasional signal.
  • an A-IoT UE may miss DL signaling, which results in that the A-IoT UE is not able to provide UL transmission/response to the NW node (e.g., a gNB, etc. ) , or that the A-IoT UE may not be able to provide an UL transmission in occasions where the NW receiver can successfully receive the UL signal.
  • legacy DL signaling e.g., system information block (SIB) , master information block (MIB) , synchronization signal block/physical sidelink broadcast channel (SSB/PSBCH) , paging, etc.
  • the occasion periodicity design does not necessarily need to take the characteristics of A-IoT scenario into consideration.
  • a group of (normally numerous) A-IoT UEs are polled by the network node at same time, or in very short time period, and a few or very few A-IoT UEs may need to be polled by the network node for another longer time period.
  • A-IoT Another possible issue of A-IoT is that within a coverage area of a network node, there may be different purposes for DL signaling messages/transmissions within the coverage area. Some DL signaling messages may only be expected or intended to reach/inform some UEs, or a group of UEs (for instance group or device specific necessary DL configurations) , while other DL signaling messages may be expected to wake up UEs to provide response messages, other DL signaling messages may only intend to indicate time occasions on which some UEs can perform UL data transmissions. This means that the legacy DL signaling framework may need to be adapted to provide such flexibility towards A-IoT UEs.
  • an intended A-IoT UE may perform subsequent DL receptions of one or multiple DL signaling messages, and/or perform subsequent UL transmissions as indicated in the short notification signaling. Alternatively or additionally, the intended A-IoT UE may also perform power saving or otherwise change to a determined receive or transmit configuration.
  • the second new concept may comprise a burst-based time pattern of a poll signal.
  • the pattern may at least contain two durations/modes/states, e.g., including poll-on state and poll-off state.
  • two poll signal time occasions may be allocated, possibly with respect to pre-defined or configurable time or resource density; in the poll-off state, no poll signal time occasions may be allocated (e.g., discontinuous transmission (DTX) , etc. ) .
  • DTX discontinuous transmission
  • the pattern may be periodic or aperiodic depending on configuration of a network node, device and/or capability.
  • the network node can be aware of such time occasions, e.g., in daytime and scenarios where sunlight covers the area where the intended A-IoT UE are located and where this energy source is almost fixed or only varies slowly, i.e. the network node can with confidence assert the time periods every day when the intended A-IoT UEs can collect energy through sunlight.
  • all the intended UEs (or at least X percent of the intended UEs) are expected to store or have stored sufficient energy to process and read the DL signaling (which carries up to Y bits/bytes information) .
  • the UEs may already have provided energy information in a report to the network node.
  • the UEs may have been continuously monitoring/receiving CWs to collect energy over a configured time period.
  • no occasions in time are determined (assuming that A-IoT UEs/devices have no synchronization or poor synchronization capability) so that the A-IoT UEs/devices monitor a DL message transmitted from a network node or an intermediate node (e.g., as given in Topology 2) , but the A-IoT UEs/devices may continuously monitor to wake up when triggered and monitor to receive the DL message, e.g., a polling message, within a certain time period, e.g., T, which can be a fixed and/or preconfigured value.
  • T which can be a fixed and/or preconfigured value.
  • the A-IoT UE/device may not necessarily need to be capable of keeping track of this time limit.
  • the proposed solutions may not be limited to such devices and can be applicable to other service/device classes or categories, e.g., related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive-MTC, ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) , time-sensitive network (TSN) , etc.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low-latency communications
  • TSN time-sensitive network
  • the applicable services may be typically associated with a short data burst and large interval.
  • RAN node may refer to a network node or a UE.
  • network nodes may include NodeB, BS, MSR radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, MeNB, SeNB, location measurement unit (LMU) , integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, radio network controller (RNC) , base station controller (BCS) , relay, repeater, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS) , central unit (e.g., in a gNB) , distributed unit (e.g., in a gNB) , baseband unit, centralized baseband, C-RAN, access point (AP) , transmission point, transmission node, transmission reception point (TRP) , RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS) , core network node (e.g., MCS, MME, etc. ) , O&M, OSS, SON
  • core network node
  • a network node e.g., a gNB, or a reader such as a node which can intercept transmissions from an A-IoT device or in addition can also supply a carrier wave, or an intermediate node, etc.
  • a network node may send a short notification signaling/message/indication (also called as a short signaling or a light signaling in this document) in DL towards one or multiple A-IoT UEs, where the light signaling may serve at least one of the below purposes: ⁇ Notify carrier/CW, frequency, or resource alternations for actual or future DL indications or UL transmissions or other resource assignments.
  • the network or gNB or reader or interrogator node can poll this specific or targeted device using a DL wakeup signal, which can enable this specific or targeted device to transmit UL message (s) , e.g., DO-DTT transmission (s) (which may be triggered by the DL wakeup signal) .
  • the light signaling may commonly indicate all UL transmissions/responses.
  • different signaling or different information contained in the light signaling may indicate different purposed UL transmissions/responses, e.g., with respect to a pre-defined rule or configuration.
  • the short signaling may be L1 signaling (e.g., on the physical layer and in a physical channel such as physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , etc. ) .
  • the short signaling may have a predefined fixed format of bit sequence which can be recognized by an A-IoT UE. The bit sequence may be unique, or different for different purposes of the short signaling.
  • the short signaling may be L2 signaling (e.g., on the medium access control (MAC) layer and in a MAC control element (CE) , etc. ) .
  • MAC medium access control
  • CE MAC control element
  • the short signaling may be either a new representation of a legacy header element or at least part of a legacy header element, a payload piggybacked to a message element (e.g., sub-protocol data unit (sub-PDU) , etc. ) or a new multiplexed message payload where the short signaling may be included as a part of other user payload, user data or other newly defined protocol elements.
  • a message element e.g., sub-protocol data unit (sub-PDU) , etc.
  • sub-PDU sub-protocol data unit
  • the short signaling may be carried by an upper layer (e.g., above L2) .
  • the short signaling may be carried by a control PDU of an upper layer protocol.
  • the short signaling may be carried/indicated in a header of an upper layer.
  • the short signaling may be carried by an upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC layer signaling, etc. ) .
  • the short signaling if the short signaling is the upper layer signaling, the short signaling itself may start with a fixed format tag (e.g., a fixed format of bit sequence) , after that, more detailed information content can be carried (e.g., spanning a predefined time period and using a predefined modulation mechanism) .
  • a fixed format tag e.g., a fixed format of bit sequence
  • the short signaling may comprise a group of messages each having a specific purpose. For instance, one message may be a wakeup message, and another message may be DT transmission, etc., or the other message may be a small control message for triggering DO-DTT transmissions.
  • the short signaling acting as wakeup signaling can be used to wake up a group of A-IoT devices/UEs.
  • the short signaling can be complemented with additional signaling/information indicating resources for monitoring for individual UE belonging to this group of A-IoT devices/UEs.
  • the indicated resources can be used for DL and/or UL transmissions.
  • an A-IoT UE upon receiving the short signaling may perform one or more of following actions: ⁇ Performing search of a new node (e.g., a new primary node) serving or managing the A-IoT UE.
  • the reception of the short signaling can be an indication of mobility in the A-IoT UE, or the current serving/managing node may not be able to continue to serve or manage the A-IoT UE.
  • Performing search of a new carrier wave transmitter node and starting to harvest energy from the carrier wave. In this case, when energy is gathered sufficiently, the A-IoT UE may start to perform backscattering on the carrier wave.
  • Performing search of a new intermediate node that is serving or managing the A-IoT UE between the network node and the A-IoT UE. ⁇ Triggering one or more connection establishment procedures (such as performing random access, RRC re-establishment, RRC connection release with redirection, etc. ) . This may be only applicable to active devices. ⁇ Performing a backscattering transmission to respond in the UL due to reception of a triggering message in the DL.
  • the A-IoT UE upon receiving the short signaling or message may consider the current network node (e.g., the primary node) , carrier wave transmitter or intermediate node serving or managing the A-IoT UE as invalid. This in turn may trigger the A-IoT UE to perform at least one of the actions above (such as initiating the search for a new radio node, a new carrier wave transmitter or a new intermediate node, etc. ) .
  • no occasions in time are determined (assuming that the A-IoT UEs/devices have no synchronization or poor synchronization capability) so that the A-IoT UEs/devices monitor a DL message transmitted from the network or an intermediate node (as given in Topology 2) , but the A-IoT UEs/devices may continuously monitor to wake up when triggered and monitor to receive the DL message, e.g., a polling message, within a certain period of time, e.g., T which can be a fixed or preconfigured value via broadcast signaling (for example, encoded in the carrier wave transmissions) .
  • an A-IoT UE/device may not necessarily need to be capable of keeping track of this time limit. If the A-IoT UE/device has no synchronization capability, e.g., no oscillator, it can monitor for some time period during which the A-IoT UE/device can receive one or multiple polling messages from the network or intermediate node (as given in Topology 2) yet it can ignore all but one, i.e., only responds to polling once during that duration. This is in order to avoid redundant signaling in the UL.
  • a wakeup message itself can carry a DL message, e.g., a polling message.
  • a network node can use short signaling to inform/notify the intended A-IoT UEs of timing information (i.e., the short signaling can serve as timing signaling for the A-IoT UEs) which may comprise at least one of the following contents: ⁇ Indication information about a start location/position and duration of UL time occasions on which one or multiple A-IoT UEs may provide responses or UL data. (7) A time gap between the short signaling and UL time occasions to allow for a UE to turn around, i.e., the UE turns from reception to transmission. The time gap may be indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) by the network node.
  • DL signaling e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling
  • the time gap may be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion.
  • the time gap may be different for different UE capabilities.
  • after the short signaling there may be X subsequent time occasions for UL transmissions. X may be indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) .
  • X may be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion. X may be different for different UE capabilities.
  • X For A-IoT UEs with simple UE capabilities, X may be lower. For A-IoT UEs with advanced UE capabilities, X may be higher. There may be different UL time occasions for different UEs respectively. In this case, the UEs may be scheduled to perform UL transmissions in different slots/time occasions. Alternatively or additionally, the short signaling may carry multiple UL time occasions/resources without associated UE (group) IDs. The UEs may autonomously obtain an occasion/resource for its UL transmissions. mbo In an embodiment, there may be Y time occasions for response (s) and Z time occasions for UL data transmission (s) respectively after the short signaling.
  • Values of Y and/or Z can be configured/preconfigured/indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) by the network node, and/or be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion.
  • DL signaling e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling
  • the number of UL time occasions may correspond to the number of UEs which are being/to be served by the network node.
  • the earliest UL transmission may not be expected to be transmitted by the UE earlier than the end of a pre-defined time period after the short signaling.
  • the time gap may be indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) by the network node. Alternatively or additionally, the time gap may be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion.
  • the time gap may be different for different UE capabilities. For A-IoT UEs with simple UE capabilities (e.g., higher processing time may be required) , the time gap may be larger. For A-IoT UEs with advanced UE capabilities (e.g., lower processing time may be required) , the time gap may be shorter.
  • the number of DL time occasions may be indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) . Alternatively or additionally, the number of DL time occasions may be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion. Moreover, the earliest subsequent DL message or data may not be expected to be received by the UE earlier than the end of a pre-defined time period after the short signaling.
  • ⁇ Indication information about another network node, intermediate node and/or carrier frequency or CW for the determination of said another network node or intermediate node for resource allocation and/or reception of DL short signaling, indication, or for UL resource allocation or transmission.
  • each time occasion for a DL message or a UL message as described above may be expressed relative to the first/latest short signaling.
  • An A-IoT UE can detect when the short signaling starts and/or when the short signaling ends (e.g., detection of a predefined format of bit sequence) . After the short signaling, the A-IoT UE may start to track/maintain timing (e.g., relative to the end of the first/latest short signaling) . In an embodiment, there may be the following three options to maintain/achieve timing for each subsequent message (e.g., a DL or UL message) .
  • the normal DL signaling (e.g., carrying DL/UL configuration) after the short signaling may carry timing information indicating time occasions for subsequent DL receptions and/or UL transmissions.
  • the UE may only turn on/maintain the clock (the clock may only be used for baseband operation in case of passive device) and/or activate its circuit for UL transmission during the time period (which may be indicated in the short signaling and/or other DL signaling and/or the specification) it needs to receive the DL messages (other than the short signaling) and/or transmission in UL.
  • the clock may only be used for baseband operation in case of passive device
  • the UE may only turn on/maintain the clock (the clock may only be used for baseband operation in case of passive device) and/or activate its circuit for UL transmission during the time period (which may be indicated in the short signaling and/or other DL signaling and/or the specification) it needs to receive the DL messages (other than the short signaling) and/or transmission in UL.
  • a network node e.g., a gNB or a reader or an intermediate node
  • the relevant UE may turn on/maintain the clock and/or activate its circuit for UL transmission.
  • the UE (s) may not maintain the clock and can deactivate the circuit for UL transmission, e.g., until receiving further short signaling indicating the need of reception in DL and/or transmission in UL.
  • a network node may send short signaling towards one or multiple intended A-IoT UEs, the short signaling carrying at least one of the following contents: ⁇ RACH configuration and/or UL resources for UL transmission (data and/or response) ; and ⁇ Paging (which may be also referred to as a DL query command or a DL polling command) configuration and/or DL resources for data reception.
  • an A-IoT UE may send an indication/request message to the network node requesting resources/time occasions, e.g., using an UL occasion assigned/indicated by the short signaling.
  • the UL occasion may be assigned to the UE as a dedicated occasion by the network node in the short signaling or other DL signaling.
  • the network node may in DL signaling indicate one or multiple subsequent UL occasions (after the DL signaling) which are common to all A-IoT UEs.
  • An A-IoT UE can attempt to obtain one of such occasions autonomously.
  • the network node can assign UL time occasions/resources for the A-IoT UE in DL signaling.
  • the A-IoT UE may acknowledge one DL signaling but reject another DL signaling depending on the situation of the A-IoT UE, e.g., an energy profile, available DL/UL resources for reception/transmission, etc.
  • the network node may indicate one or multiple DL transmissions and/or a request of UL transmissions in one DL signaling.
  • the A-IoT UE may feedback a message containing the corresponding acknowledge/rejection to each of the DL transmissions and/or the request of UL transmissions.
  • the A-IoT UE may send an indication to the network node indicating the available/allowed purposed DL receptions and/or UL transmissions as a response of the short signaling or other DL signaling. With respect to such response, the network node may determine what to be transmitted. In an embodiment, the available/allowed purposed DL receptions and/or UL transmissions may be based on the UE’s capability or derived from the UE’s capability. The network node may send such DL signaling and receive the response from the UE at least one time after the registration/attach procedure is completed.
  • the short signaling can also trigger a CW transmission (in UL band) , so that an A-IoT tag can respond to DL signaling in UL band. It means that if the network node does a DL transmission, it can trigger or be accompanied with a CW transmission in UL band so that the UE can respond to the received DL signaling. In one option, there may be a time gap between DL transmissions and the CW in UL band. This is due to the fact that the UE may need processing time to decode the DL signaling and prepare a UL response and backscatter over the CW in UL band.
  • the short signaling can be preceded with CW signaling (which can be in UL and DL depending on regulations) , so that the A-IoT UE can be charged to decode the DL messages.
  • the network node can indicate or inform the purpose of CW, e.g., not to trigger UL transmission, rather is meant for charging (if needed) and decoding the incoming short DL signaling.
  • the network or RAN node can trigger CW transmissions in order to charge the targeted UE.
  • the network or RAN node can decide how long it can illuminate the targeted UE to charge and when to do retransmission of the short DL signaling.
  • Fig. 2A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary DL signaling framework according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a network node such as a gNB can transmit notification signaling (e.g., the short/light signaling as described with respect to the first to fourth embodiments) to a group of UEs (i.e., UE1, ..., UEN) to notify the intended UEs to be prepared for receiving an inventory command subsequent to the notification signaling.
  • the group of UEs may perform one or more actions such as harvesting energy, tracking timing of the inventory command, activating one or more functions for receiving the inventory command, etc.
  • an A-IoT UE may miss reception of the DL signaling/transmission due to one or more reasons/limitations, e.g., the A-IoT UE has not obtained sufficient energy through the energy carried by the CW, or the A-IoT UE has not obtained sufficient energy through other energy harvesting manners (e.g., solar) , etc.
  • the network node when it is the time for a network node to transmit DL signaling/transmissions towards one or multiple intended A-IoT UEs, the network node can determine one or multiple time occasions on which the network node may transmit the DL signaling to the one or multiple intended UEs, e.g., based on at least one of the following conditions/information: ⁇ On the time occasion (s) , all the intended UEs (or at least Q percent of the intended UEs) are expected to be able to harvest energy via manners (e.g., solar, etc. ) other than harvesting through a CW.
  • manners e.g., solar, etc.
  • Fig. 2B is a diagram illustrating exemplary DL signaling transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a network node can transmit poll signaling towards one or more A-IoT UEs in a burst-based transmission, e.g., according to the burst-based time pattern such as a poll signal pattern.
  • Three transmission bursts for DL signaling are illustrated in Fig. 2B, and there are three time occasions in each burst which is preceded with the corresponding notification signaling. It can be appreciated that the transmission bursts and the corresponding time occasions shown in Fig. 2B are just an example, and more or less transmission bursts each configured with the same number or different numbers of time occasions may also be applicable.
  • the UE may detect at least one poll signal time occasion in a burst. Given the information obtained from the notification signaling (e.g., the same poll signal may be repeatedly transmitted in the following time window or burst) , once the UE detects one of poll signal time occasions in the burst, it may not need to continue monitoring the remaining signal time occasions in the same burst, or the UE may resume monitoring in DL until receiving other notification signaling.
  • the notification signaling e.g., the same poll signal may be repeatedly transmitted in the following time window or burst
  • a network node may have indicated or indicate, in a poll signal/message to the UE, alternative nodes, carrier frequency, time instances, or otherwise DL resources for where the UE may look, e.g., autonomously or by receiving short signaling (e.g., notification signaling) in the current node.
  • short signaling e.g., notification signaling
  • a network node may send a DL command/message to alert/trigger A-IoT devices to prepare and communicate with the network node and provide a device ID (e.g., an electronic product code (EPC) , etc.
  • EPC electronic product code
  • the network node may not receive anything or receive two few replies from the targeted device population compared to expectation, for example, due to insufficient provisioning of a CW to energize the devices.
  • the quick/short UL responses from one or more devices using the CW provided by the network node may help the network node to schedule the CW and DL signaling command/message more efficiently.
  • the short UL response can indicate to the network node reason (s) why an expected UL response cannot be performed, e.g., due to low energy, or error case in decoding the DL command/signal.
  • the network node may react with decision to provide CW emission to energize device (s) .
  • the network node can perform repetition of the DL command/message upon receiving one or multiple responses from A-IoT devices.
  • the short UL response can include a device/group ID (if available) so that the network node can reschedule the DL command to target individual or group of devices accordingly.
  • the short UL response can indicate a command ID/sequence number/message identifier of the DL command/message that is received but failed to decode/obtain the content.
  • the terminal device may receive a first message (e.g., the short/light/notification signaling or message as described with respect to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure) from a network node, as shown in block 302.
  • a first message e.g., the short/light/notification signaling or message as described with respect to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure
  • the terminal device may optionally perform one or more actions according to the first message, as shown in block 304.
  • the one or more actions may include one or more of: -searching a serving node for the terminal device; -searching a transmitter of the CW to harvest energy from the CW; -starting to harvest energy from the CW; -backscattering on the CW; -starting at least one of the one or more CW transmissions; -maintaining timing for the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages and/or the one or more responses; -activating one or more functions of the terminal device for DL reception and/or UL transmission; -deactivating the one or more functions of the terminal device for the DL reception and/or the UL transmission; -determining resource configuration of the terminal device for the DL reception and/or the UL transmission; -triggering one or more connection establishment procedures; -monitoring the one or more DL messages within a period of time; -provid
  • the first message may be carried by one or more of: -physical layer signaling; -MAC layer signaling; -RRC layer signaling; -a control PDU; -a header; and -a payload.
  • At least one of the one or more UL messages may include one or more of: -a message for requesting one or more UL resources; -a message for indicating that receptions and/or transmissions of one or more messages subsequent to the first message are allowed; -a message for indicating that the receptions and/or the transmissions of the one or more messages subsequent to the first message are rejected; -a message for responding the first message and/or the one or more DL messages; and -a message for reporting device energy.
  • At least one of the one or more responses may include one or more of: -a reason why an expected UL response is failed to be performed; -an indicator which enables the network node to reschedule a DL message; and -an ID of a DL message which is received successfully but failed to be decoded.
  • At least one of the one or more DL messages may include one or more of: -at least part of the timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages; -at least part of the configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions; and -a repetition of a DL message intended for the one or more terminal devices.
  • the one or more DL messages may be transmitted on one or more time occasions when at least part of one or more intended terminal devices of the one or more DL messages are expected to have sufficient energy for receiving and/or processing the one or more DL messages.
  • the first message may be a periodical or aperiodic message (e.g., as described with respect to Fig. 2A) which may be followed by a set of repetitions of a DL message (e.g., as described with respect to Fig. 2B) .
  • the burst-based time pattern may be indicated by one or more of the following parameters: -a number of the set of time occasions allocated in the first state; -a duration of the first state; -a duration of the second state; -a start point and/or an end point of the first state; -a start point and/or an end point of the second state; -a time gap between two adjacent time occasions; and -a periodicity of the burst-based time pattern.
  • the terminal device when the terminal device detects one of the set of the time occasions within a time window, the terminal device may stop monitoring remaining of the set of the time occasions.
  • the time window may be configured to ensure that one or more intended terminal devices of the set of the repetitions of the DL message are able to receive at least one of the set of the repetitions of the DL message.
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method 400 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the method 400 illustrated in Fig. 4 may be performed by a network node (e.g., a gNB, a reader, an intermediate node, etc. ) or an apparatus communicatively coupled to the network node.
  • the network node may be configured to transmit various DL signaling/messages/signals to one or more terminal devices directly or via relaying.
  • the network node may transmit a first message (e.g., the first message as described with respect to Fig. 3) to one or more terminal devices, as shown in block 404.
  • a first message e.g., the first message as described with respect to Fig. 3
  • the network node may optionally generate the first message, as shown in block 402.
  • the first message may be intended for the one or more terminal devices.
  • the first message according to the method 400 may correspond to the first message according to the method 300.
  • the first message as described with respect to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 may have the same or similar contents and/or feature elements.
  • one or more DL messages may be transmitted by the network node on one or more time occasions when at least part of one or more intended terminal devices of the one or more DL messages are expected to have sufficient energy for receiving and/or processing the one or more DL messages.
  • the one or more time occasions may be determined by the network node based at least in part on: -information about a first set of time occasions on which the at least part of the one or more intended terminal devices are expected to be capable of harvesting energy; and/or -information about a second set of time occasions on which the at least part of the one or more intended terminal devices are expected to store or have stored sufficient energy to receive and/or process the one or more DL messages.

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Abstract

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for downlink (DL) signaling. The method which may be performed by a terminal device comprises: receiving a first message from a network node. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method may optionally comprise: performing one or more actions according to the first message.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DOWNLINK SIGNALING TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to communication networks, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for downlink (DL) signaling.
BACKGROUND
This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
Wireless Internet of things (IoT) devices are often battery powered and both the need to change battery and the battery lifetime may be concerns for many potential applications such as asset tracking or environmental/industrial sensors. For this reason, the wireless communications industry has been interested in so-called zero-energy (ZE) devices. ZE devices may refer to wireless IoT devices that do not require battery replacement, and often harvest energy from the environment. In some use cases, such as monitoring the temperature of foodstuffs, the ZE devices may have small batteries that are disposable (e.g., organic, compostable batteries, etc. ) , rechargeable or have very limited capacity.
The ZE-IoT devices can in addition be of very small form factor and could even be printable and they target ultra-low power consumption to enable operation based on either energy-harvesting from an ambient sources or back-scattering communication (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) , etc. ) . That is, instead of relying on energy for communication being provided by a battery it is instead harvested from an ambient source, such as vibrations, solar power, radio frequency (RF) , etc. (in the harvesting case) , or a charge carrier wave (CW) is provided to the device which is modulated and reflected back to a reader (in the back-scattering communication case) . This enables energy autonomous operation during the lifetime of the devices without need for either manual replacement or charging of the batteries while providing means for new low cost, small form factor devices.
SUMMARY
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
An ambient IoT (A-IoT) user equipment (UE) may be incapable of always keeping synchronization with a serving network node due to low-complexity and low-cost implementation in the A-IoT UE which is equipped with no timing means. In this case, the A-IoT UE may have no information about timing of upcoming communications (e.g., DL reception and/or uplink (UL) transmission, etc. ) and thus may not be able to take appropriate actions in correct time occasions, resulting in unnecessary energy consumption, the loss or delayed reception of DL signaling and missing UL transmission opportunity. Compared to existing radio access technologies, new requirements may be put on the radio interface and the protocols for use cases with ultra-low power devices, ZE-IoT devices or A-IoT devices, and thus configuration of transmission signaling for the ultra-low power devices, ZE-IoT devices and/or A-IoT devices may become more challenging. Although the network node can transmit DL signaling repeatedly, the design of the transmission periodicity of the DL signaling may be highly challenging considering diversity of the characteristics of different A-IoT scenarios, and the DL signaling may need to be designed differently for various A-IoT UEs. Therefore, it may be desirable to adapt DL signaling for A-IoT use cases in an efficient way.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for DL signaling, which may enable a terminal device (e.g., an ultra-low power device, a ZE-IoT device, an A-IoT device, etc. ) to be informed of subsequent communications by a prior message (e.g., a short/light DL signaling or message, etc. ) , so that the terminal device can be prepared well for the subsequent communications by taking appropriate actions (e.g., harvesting/collecting sufficient energy, monitoring proper time occasions for potential communications, etc. ) .
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: receiving a first message from a network node. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method may optionally comprise: performing one or more actions according to the first message.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus which may be implemented as a terminal device. The apparatus may comprise one or more processors and one or more memories storing computer program codes. The one or more memories and the computer program codes may be configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus at least to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a network node. The method comprises: transmitting a first message towards one or more terminal devices. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the method may optionally comprise: generating the first message. In an embodiment, the first message may be intended for the one or more terminal devices.
According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus which may be implemented as a network node. The apparatus may comprise one or more processors and one or more memories storing computer program codes. The one or more memories and the computer program codes may be configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus at least to perform any step of the method according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any step of the method according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
According to various exemplary embodiments, a network node may use a first message (e.g., a prior message or short/light DL signaling, etc. ) to inform a terminal device of some information about one or more DL/UL messages subsequent to the first message, so that the terminal device can be prepared for the reception/transmission of one or more subsequent DL/UL messages. This can improve energy efficiency and enhance resource utilization while achieving flexibility of signaling transmission.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The disclosure itself, the preferable mode of use and further objectives are best understood by reference to the following detailed description of the embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. 1A-1E are diagrams illustrating exemplary connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
Fig. 2A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary DL signaling framework according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 2B is a diagram illustrating exemplary DL signaling transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating another method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled persons in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network node in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , 4G, 4.5G, 5G, 6G communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
The term “network node” refers to a network device in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses to the network and receives services therefrom. The network node may refer to a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) , a multi-cell/multicast coordination entity (MCE) , a controller or any other suitable device in a wireless communication network. The BS may be, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNodeB or gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth.
Yet further examples of the network node comprise multi-standard radio (MSR) radio equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, positioning nodes and/or the like. More generally, however, the network node may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide a terminal device access to a wireless communication network or to provide some service to a terminal device that has accessed to the wireless communication network.
The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that can access a communication network and receive services therefrom. By way of example and not limitation, the terminal device may refer to a mobile terminal, a user equipment (UE) , or other suitable devices. The UE may be, for example, a subscriber station, a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, portable computers, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a tablet, a wearable device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a vehicle, and the like.
As yet another specific example, in an Internet of things (IoT) scenario, a terminal device may also be called an IoT device and represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring, sensing and/or measurements etc., and transmits the results of such monitoring, sensing and/or measurements etc. to another terminal device and/or a network equipment. The terminal device may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) context be referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) device.
As one particular example, the terminal device may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band Internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances, e.g., refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches etc. In other scenarios, a terminal device may represent a vehicle or other equipment, for example, a medical instrument that is capable of monitoring, sensing and/or reporting etc. on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
As used herein, the terms “first” , “second” and so forth refer to different elements. The singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and/or “including” as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components and the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and/or combinations thereof. The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on” . The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment” . The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment” . Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
Recently work on ZE-IoT devices has started in 3GPP, referred to as “Ambient-IoT” . 3GPP technical report (TR) 22.840 V19.0.0 is being developed by SA1 to capture potential use cases, traffic scenarios, device constraints of A-IoT and to identify new potential service requirements as well as new key performance indicators (KPIs) .
Meanwhile, a study item at radio access network (RAN) plenary level RP-222685, “Study on Ambient IoT” is being carried out with a focus on the feasibility of meeting design targets for relevant use cases of A-IoT. The outcome is being reported in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 and the study item description as below:
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This study targets at a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP 
system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications. The study shall provide clear differentiation, i.e. addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP low power wide area (LPWA) IoT technology e.g. NB-IoT including with reduced peak Tx power.
In terms of energy storage, the study will consider the following device characteristics:
· Pure batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and 
completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy.
· Devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced 
or recharged manually.
Device categorization based on corresponding characteristics (e.g. energy source, 
energy storage capability, passive/active transmission, etc. ) may be discussed during the study, in relation with the relevant use cases. The device’s peak power consumption shall be limited by its practical form factor for the intended use cases, and shall consider its energy source.
· Identify the suitable deployment scenarios and their characteristics, at least for the 
use cases/services agreed in SA1’s “Study on Ambient power-enabled internet of Things” , comprising among at least the following aspects:
· Indoor/outdoor environment.
· Base station characteristics, e.g. macro/micro/pico cells-based deployments.
· Connectivity topologies, including which node (s) , e.g. base station, UE, relay, 
repeater, etc. can communicate with target devices.
· Time division duplexing/frequency division duplexing (TDD/FDD) , and 
frequency bands in licensed or unlicensed spectrum.
· Coexistence with UEs and infrastructure in frequency bands for existing 
3GPP technologies.
· Device originated and/or device terminated traffic assumption.
NOTE: There can be more than one deployment scenario identified for a use case, 
and a deployment scenario may be common to more than one use case.
NOTE: Where more than one deployment scenario is identified for a use case, the 
trade-offs between them should also be studied.
NOTE: The study shall not prioritize deployment aspects that should be 
coordinated with standalone (SA) , e.g. public or private network, with or without core network (CN) connection.
NOTE: A representative use case can be studied for a group of use cases that have 
similar requirements.
· Formulate a set of RAN design targets based on the identified deployment 
scenarios and their characteristics for the relevant use cases, at least including:
· Power consumption.
· Complexity.
· Coverage.
· Data rate.
· Positioning accuracy.
NOTE: The requirements from SA1 on the relevant use cases shall be taken into 
consideration.
NOTE: The study shall aim to provide better coverage compared to existing 
non-3GPP technologies for the relevant use cases.
NOTE: Other RAN design targets in relation to connection density, mobility, 
security, latency, reliability etc. may be discussed, if necessary for the relevant use cases.
NOTE: Detailed definitions of the RAN design targets should be discussed during 
the study.
· Compare and assess the feasibility of meeting the design targets for relevant use 
case on the basis of the deployment scenario (s) appropriate to it, and identify assumptions on required functionality to be supported.
NOTE: This is not to require a detailed WG-level of analysis.
Note: This study shall target for an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT 
technologies, e.g. NB-IoT, eMTC, RedCap, etc. The study shall not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.
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Based on the outcome of the RAN study item, and the discussion during Release 19 (Rel-19) workshop during RAN#100 (RWS-230488) , a WG-level study item is expected to continue in Rel-19. In addition, depending on the progress and outcome of the WG-level study, a work item may be started during Rel-19 as well. It may be needed to have focused scope on issues such as device type (s) , deployment scenario (s) , topology option (s) , etc., and to address cross-TSG-dependencies, as well as a discussion about whether there is a strong need or it is feasible to convert the study and hence specify ambient IoT in Rel-19.
Deployment scenarios, use cases, services for A-IoT are described in clause 4 of 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0. Two sets or levels of grouping are defined for use cases. The first, Grouping A, is on the basis of the deployment environment (s) described for a use case in 3GPP TR 22.840 V19.0.0, and the second, Grouping B, is on the basis of functionality/application described in 3GPP TR 22.840 V19.0.0.
· Grouping A:
-Indoor.
-Outdoor.
-Indoor/outdoor.
· Grouping B:
-Inventory.
-Sensors.
-Positioning.
-Command.
These two groupings are then used to form representative use cases (rUCs) as follows, which are used in clause 4.2 “Deployment scenarios and connectivity topologies” of 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0.
-rUC1: Indoor inventory.
-rUC2: Indoor sensors.
-rUC3: Indoor positioning.
-rUC4: Indoor command.
-rUC5: Outdoor inventory.
-rUC6: Outdoor sensors.
-rUC7: Outdoor positioning.
-rUC8: Outdoor command.
This resulted in the following mapping from SA1 use cases and traffic scenarios onto RAN rUCs as shown in Table 1.
Table 1

More information about the mapping shown in Table 1 can be found from the relevant descriptions with respect to Table 1/4.1.1-1 “Mapping between RAN representative use cases and SA1 use cases” in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0.
Figs. 1A-1E are diagrams illustrating exemplary connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices are defined for the purposes of the study as described in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0. In all these topologies, the A-IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave (CW) from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. The links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
The topology in any of Figs. 1A-1E is described with respect to a single BS/UE/assisting node/intermediate node, but it can be appreciated that the BS/UE/assisting node/intermediate node as shown in Figs. 1A-1E may also be multiple BSs/UEs/assisting nodes/intermediate nodes, respectively. The mixture of indoor and outdoor placement of such nodes is regarded as a network implementation choice. Account may need to be taken of potential impact on device or node complexity. In the connectivity topologies, this does not imply the existence of multi-hop assisting or intermediate nodes. Different topologies are illustrated in below with respect to Figs. 1A-1E, respectively.
· Topology 1: device
In Topology 1 as shown in Fig. 1A (which corresponds to Figure 1/4.2.1.1-1 in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) , the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with the BS. The communication between the BS and the A-IoT device includes A-IoT data and/or signaling. This topology includes the possibility that the BS transmitting to the A-IoT device is different from the BS receiving from the A-IoT device.
· Topology 2: device
In Topology 2 as shown in Fig. 1B (which corresponds to Figure 2/4.2.1.2-1 in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) , the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node between the A-IoT device and the BS. In this topology, the intermediate node can be a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc. which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate node transfers A-IoT data and/or signaling between the BS and the A-IoT device.
· Topology 3: 
In Topology 3, the A-IoT device transmits data/signaling to the BS, and receives data/signaling from the assisting node (as shown in Fig. 1C which corresponds to Figure 3/4.2.1.3-1 “Topology 3 with downlink assistance” in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) ; or the A-IoT device receives data/signaling from the BS and transmits data/signaling to the assisting node (as shown in Fig. 1D which corresponds to Figure 4/4.2.1.3-2 “Topology 3 with uplink assistance” in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) . In this topology, the assisting node can be a relay, an IAB, a UE, a repeater, etc. which is capable of ambient IoT.
· Topology 4: device
In Topology 4 as shown in Fig. 1E (which corresponds to Figure 5/4.2.1.4-1 in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0) , the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the UE. The communication between the UE and the A-IoT device includes A-IoT data and/or signaling.
Deployment scenarios for A-IoT have been studied in 3GPP TR 38.848 V18.0.0 on the basis of a list of characteristics, and the representative use case (s) applicable to a scenario. There may be the following possible deployment scenarios for A-IoT:
· Deployment scenario 1: Device indoors, base station indoors.
· Deployment scenario 2: Device indoors, base station outdoors.
· Deployment scenario 3: Device indoors, UE-based reader.
· Deployment scenario 4: Device outdoors, base station outdoors.
· Deployment scenario 5: Device outdoors, UE-based reader.
A-IoT devices may be characterized in the study by 3GPP according to their energy storage capacity, and capability of generating RF signals for their transmissions. The study considers that a device has either:
· No energy storage at all; or
· Limited energy storage
Relying on these storage capacities, the study considers the following set of A-IoT devices:
· Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation/amplification, i.e. 
backscattering transmission.
· Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. 
backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.
· Device C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF 
components for transmission.
A limited energy storage can be different among implementations within Device B or implementations within Device C, and different between Device B and Device C. Such storage is expected to be order (s) of magnitude smaller than an NB-IoT device would typically include. Devices A, B, and C are able to demodulate control, data, etc. from the relevant entity in RAN according to the connectivity topology.
For A-IoT/ZE-IoT, 3GPP will target an IoT segment well below the existing cellular Internet of things (CIoT) technologies rather than replacement of existing 3GPP PLWA technologies. It is expected that together with simplifications in physical layer design, the higher layer (L2/L3) design will also be much lighter weighted than the existing higher layer design in 3GPP, i.e., a minimal set of functionalities (both at access stratum (AS) and non-access stratum (NAS) levels) , which is even more simplified compared to that adopted for the existing CIoT technologies, may be used to operate A-IoT devices. One way of such simplifications is to design a communication protocol shifted from fully connection oriented with both NAS and radio resource control (RRC) connections between device and network to connectionless type of communication with or without RRC connections or even also no NAS connections between device and network so that the protocol and signaling overhead associated with the handshaking between device and network is minimized. This means that A-IoT devices do not setup and maintain an RRC connection with the network, also A-IoT devices do not setup and maintain AS context including (dedicated) radio bearer, logical channel, etc.
One way to implement connectionless communication is to employ message-based or self-contained transmission where context/control information associated with the signaling/data traffic is transmitted together with or right after the signaling/data traffic where in the latter case (i.e., the right after case) , there is no other transmission between the context/control information and the associated signaling/data traffic carrying information that is needed for reception of the signaling/data traffic. One such example is that in DL the signaling/data traffic is transmitted within or right after the paging message.
Limited by extremely simple, low-complexity and low-cost implementation in A-IoT UEs or some types of A-IoT UEs, such UEs are incapable to always setup/keep synchronization fully or partly with a network node serving/operating/managing the UEs. This especially as such UE may not be equipped with or capable to clock/timing acquisition or maintain. As comparison, a legacy UE and a network node in a legacy terrestrial system have tight synchronization between using a synchronization signal block (SSB) , other reference signals or timing information provided by the network (NW) to the UE.
A possible issue of A-IoT is that in some cases, an A-IoT UE is activated by an occasional signal from a network node, for example through receiving a paging-like signal, or by other means detecting for example distinguishable energy burst through a CW or modulated CW. The A-IoT UE may then backscatter a corresponding UL transmission. In doing so, the A-IoT UE acting passively may not have knowledge at which point in time the occasional signal may occur/arrive at the receiver, and further may have not any implementation (e.g., circuit, power, digital processing, such as oscillator, etc. ) that can act periodically in receiving or attempting to receive an occasional signal. This limits the application of timing-based solutions for the A-IoT UE. For example, an A-IoT UE may miss DL signaling, which results in that the A-IoT UE is not able to provide UL transmission/response to the NW node (e.g., a gNB, etc. ) , or that the A-IoT UE may not be able to provide an UL transmission in occasions where the NW receiver can successfully receive the UL signal. In this case, legacy DL signaling (e.g., system information block (SIB) , master information block (MIB) , synchronization signal block/physical sidelink broadcast channel (SSB/PSBCH) , paging, etc. ) including synchronization means may need to be adapted so that DL and UL signaling can reach intended UEs or NW nodes. An example solution is to use time occasions, such that a DL signal is transmitted with a small periodicity repeatedly, in that the network can assure that the DL signaling towards A-IoT UEs is successfully received at one of the repeated occasions. However, if the periodicity between occasions is too short, energy saving in the network node and the A-IoT UEs is impacted; if the periodicity between occasions is too long, it causes unnecessary latency for the network node to reach the expected/intended A-IoT UEs and possible UL transmissions as a result. On other hand and in some use cases, the occasion periodicity design does not necessarily need to take the characteristics of A-IoT scenario into consideration. In many cases, for example in case of inventory devices, which can be considered as the most important use case in the early phase application of A-IoT, a group of (normally numerous) A-IoT UEs are polled by the network node at same time, or in very short time period, and a few or very few A-IoT UEs may need to be polled by the network node for another longer time period. In other words, the polling demand can be assumed to be bursty with idle or semi-idle periods in between compared to that of legacy UEs in a terrestrial system in which the UEs enter the coverage of a network node randomly and over large time scales have active connections in that one can see this as if the polling demand is flat or fairly constant.
Another possible issue of A-IoT is that within a coverage area of a network node, there may be different purposes for DL signaling messages/transmissions within the coverage area. Some DL signaling messages may only be expected or intended to reach/inform some UEs, or a group of UEs (for instance group or device specific necessary DL configurations) , while other DL signaling messages may be expected to wake up UEs to provide response messages, other DL signaling messages may only intend to indicate time occasions on which some UEs can perform UL data transmissions. This means that the legacy DL signaling framework may need to be adapted to provide such flexibility towards A-IoT UEs.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure propose solutions to design a new DL signal mechanism suitable for A-IoT use cases. The proposed solutions may comprise both network aspects and UE aspects, and address one or more of the above-described issues by introducing one or more new concepts.
The first new concept may comprise short notification signaling informing UEs of timing information which may be responsible for or comprise one or more of the contents and/or operations listed below and trigger the UEs to perform energy harvesting for backscattering transmissions on the carrier wave, and/or perform reception of subsequent DL signaling carrying necessary configurations for subsequent DL/UL transmissions.
· Notification of carrier/CW, frequency, or resource alternations.
· Wakeup/notify UEs to be prepared of:
о reception of subsequent DL transmissions/signaling messages;
о triggering device-originated device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) 
transmission (e.g., after reception of a wake-up signal, etc. ) ; and/or
о triggering DO-DTT transmission that may contain an identifier (ID) of a 
A-IoT UE/device that responds to the wake-up signal.
· An indicator comprising at least one of indicating intents of a message or 
signaling purposes:
о Notification of reception of subsequent DL signaling messages to obtain 
necessary configurations.
о Notification of reception of subsequent DL signaling messages and being 
prepared to provide a response in UL.
о Notification of time occasions for subsequent UL data transmissions.
о Notification of carrier/CW, frequency, or resource alternations.
о Notification of a CW emitter ID.
· IDs of intended A-IoT UEs or A-IoT UE groups.
· Device class or quality of service (QoS) class of A-IoT UEs or A-IoT UE groups.
As a result of notification signaling, an intended A-IoT UE may perform subsequent DL receptions of one or multiple DL signaling messages, and/or perform subsequent UL transmissions as indicated in the short notification signaling. Alternatively or additionally, the intended A-IoT UE may also perform power saving or otherwise change to a determined receive or transmit configuration.
The second new concept may comprise a burst-based time pattern of a poll signal. The pattern may at least contain two durations/modes/states, e.g., including poll-on state and poll-off state. As an example, in the poll-on state, several poll signal time occasions may be allocated, possibly with respect to pre-defined or configurable time or resource density; in the poll-off state, no poll signal time occasions may be allocated (e.g., discontinuous transmission (DTX) , etc. ) . The pattern may be periodic or aperiodic depending on configuration of a network node, device and/or capability. In other words, when a network node intends to transmit DL signaling/DL transmission towards one or multiple intended A-IoT UEs, the network node can determine one or multiple time occasions on which the network node may transmit a poll signal/DL signaling to one or multiple intended UEs, e.g., based on at least one of the below conditions:
· On the time occasion (s) , all the intended UEs (or at least X percent/aportion of 
the intended UEs) are expected to be capable of harvesting energy via means (e.g., solar, etc. ) other than harvesting through CW. It is assumed feasible for the network node to be aware of such time occasions, e.g., in daytime and scenarios where sunlight covers the area where the intended A-IoT UE are located and where this energy source is almost fixed or only varies slowly, i.e. the network node can with confidence assert the time periods every day when the intended A-IoT UEs can collect energy through sunlight.
· On the time occasion (s) , all the intended UEs (or at least X percent of the intended 
UEs) are expected to store or have stored sufficient energy to process and read the DL signaling (which carries up to Y bits/bytes information) . For instance, as a result of receiving previous DL signaling/transmissions providing means for a UL signal. In some cases, the UEs may already have provided energy information in a report to the network node. Alternatively or additionally, the UEs may have been continuously monitoring/receiving CWs to collect energy over a configured time period.
After determination of these time occasion (s) , the network node may transmit the DL signaling repeatedly (e.g., up to a given number of repetitions) within a time window (which can provide a burst of time occasions) to ensure the intended A-IoTs to at least receive one repetition of the DL signaling. In an embodiment, a time window may be initiated/placed by the network node prior to/on each time occasion (as determined as in the above embodiment) .
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, no occasions in time are determined (assuming that A-IoT UEs/devices have no synchronization or poor synchronization capability) so that the A-IoT UEs/devices monitor a DL message transmitted from a network node or an intermediate node (e.g., as given in Topology 2) , but the A-IoT UEs/devices may continuously monitor to wake up when triggered and monitor to receive the DL message, e.g., a polling message, within a certain time period, e.g., T, which can be a fixed and/or preconfigured value. Note that the A-IoT UE/device may not necessarily need to be capable of keeping track of this time limit. If an A-IoT device has no synchronization capability, e.g., no oscillator, it can monitor for some time during which it can receive one or multiple polling messages from the network node or the intermediate node (e.g., as given in Topology 2) yet it may ignore all but one, i.e., only responding to the polling once during that duration. This is to avoid redundant signaling in the UL. In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, a wake-up message itself can carry the DL message, e.g., the polling message.
Many advantages can be achieved by applying the proposed solutions according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a notification or light signaling may be introduced prior to DL reception (s) or UL transmission (s) which may carry large or more information contents. The light signaling may be mainly used to trigger intended A-IoT devices to be prepared for subsequent DL receptions and/or UL transmissions. Upon receiving this light signaling, an A-IoT UE may be triggered to harvest energy from this light signaling, from one or more other carrier waves, and/or via one or more other energy harvesting manners (e.g., solar, etc. ) . After that, the A-IoT UE may be ready to move to a more active state. During subsequent receptions, the A-IoT UE can be provided with a burst reception window in which DL transmissions may be repeated multiple times towards the A-IoT UE to ensure that the A-IoT UE can receive at least one signaling repetition. By informing the A-IoT UE to be prepared for subsequent receptions and/or transmission via a prior message such as a notification or light signaling, the reception and/or transmission reliability of the A-IoT UE can be improved and the energy consumption efficiency can also be enhanced for the A-IoT UE.
More details of the proposed solutions of the present disclosure will be described below in connection with various exemplary embodiments. Use cases with ultra-low power devices, ZE-IoT devices or A-IoT devices are considered or assumed in some exemplary embodiments. However, the proposed solutions may not be limited to such devices and can be applicable to other service/device classes or categories, e.g., related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive-MTC, ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) , time-sensitive network (TSN) , etc. In an embodiment, the applicable services may be typically associated with a short data burst and large interval.
It can be appreciated that the term “RAN node” may refer to a network node or a UE. Examples of network nodes may include NodeB, BS, MSR radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, MeNB, SeNB, location measurement unit (LMU) , integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, radio network controller (RNC) , base station controller (BCS) , relay, repeater, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS) , central unit (e.g., in a gNB) , distributed unit (e.g., in a gNB) , baseband unit, centralized baseband, C-RAN, access point (AP) , transmission point, transmission node, transmission reception point (TRP) , RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS) , core network node (e.g., MCS, MME, etc. ) , O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC) , etc.
In particular, in an A-IoT scenario, the RAN node may comprise an intermediate node or a UE (e.g., relay UE, IAB, repeater, etc. ) at least in connectivity Topology 2 as shown in Fig. 1B. A carrier wave may occupy a full or a part of a carrier, i.e., N physical resource blocks (PRBs) or X Hzs. The occupied carrier parts/segments may span in the frequency domain in a consecutive or non-consecutive manner. In case a carrier wave occupies part of a carrier/band, multiple carrier waves may occur at the same time and occupy the full carrier/band.
In this document, some examples are represented by two network nodes (one of them is the serving network node, and the other one is the network node providing carrier wave) , or a network node (i.e., the serving network node) and a UE, an IAB node, a repeater or a relay UE, which provides a carrier wave. In addition, the proposed solutions of the present disclosure may also be applicable to the case of more than two network nodes (one of them is the serving network node, and the other ones are the network nodes providing a carrier wave) , or a network node (i.e., the serving network node) and more than one UE, IAB node, repeater or relay UE.
◆ Embodiments on wakeup/notification signaling
In this part, various embodiments are described focusing on introduction of a short notification signaling for A-IoT UEs. One intention of such signaling is to wake up or notify the A-IoT UEs for reception of subsequent DL signaling/transmissions carrying relatively larger content/information. The short notification signaling and the underlying carrier wave may carry limited energy compared to the subsequent DL signaling/transmissions, from which the A-IoT UEs may harvest energy to perform limited processing to obtain/read the information/indicator that the short notification signaling carries.
In a first embodiment, a network node (e.g., a gNB, or a reader such as a node which can intercept transmissions from an A-IoT device or in addition can also supply a carrier wave, or an intermediate node, etc. ) may send a short notification signaling/message/indication (also called as a short signaling or a light signaling in this document) in DL towards one or multiple A-IoT UEs, where the light signaling may serve at least one of the below purposes:
· Notify carrier/CW, frequency, or resource alternations for actual or future DL 
indications or UL transmissions or other resource assignments. In an embodiment, the A-IoT UE (s) may start to harvest energy from the indicated CW (and optionally also this light signaling) . The CW may be emitted from the same network node sending the light signaling or a different node.
· Wakeup/notify the A-IoT UE (s) to be prepared for reception of subsequent DL 
transmissions/signaling messages.
о In an embodiment, the light signaling may commonly indicate all 
subsequent DL transmissions/signaling messages. In another embodiment, different signaling or different information contained in the light signaling may intend different purposed DL transmissions/signaling messages, e.g., with respect to a pre-defined rule or configuration.
· Wakeup/notify the A-IoT UE (s) to initiate UL/DO-DTT transmission (s) .
о In an embodiment, if a device which is already registered or configured 
with a wakeup sequence, then the network or gNB or reader or interrogator node can poll this specific or targeted device using a DL wakeup signal, which can enable this specific or targeted device to transmit UL message (s) , e.g., DO-DTT transmission (s) (which may be triggered by the DL wakeup signal) .
· An indicator indicating at least one of the following signaling/message purposes:
о Notification of reception of subsequent DL signaling/messages to obtain 
necessary configurations.
о Notification of reception of subsequent DL signaling/messages and being 
prepared to provide response in UL.
о Notification of time occasions for subsequent UL data transmissions.
-In an embodiment, the light signaling may commonly indicate all UL 
transmissions/responses. In another embodiment, different signaling or different information contained in the light signaling may indicate different purposed UL transmissions/responses, e.g., with respect to a pre-defined rule or configuration.
· IDs of the intended A-IoT UEs or A-IoT UE groups.
· Device class or QoS class of the intended A-IoT UEs or A-IoT UE groups.
In an embodiment, the short signaling may be L1 signaling (e.g., on the physical layer and in a physical channel such as physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , etc. ) . For example, the short signaling may have a predefined fixed format of bit sequence which can be recognized by an A-IoT UE. The bit sequence may be unique, or different for different purposes of the short signaling. In another embodiment, the short signaling may be L2 signaling (e.g., on the medium access control (MAC) layer and in a MAC control element (CE) , etc. ) .
In an embodiment, the short signaling may be either a new representation of a legacy header element or at least part of a legacy header element, a payload piggybacked to a message element (e.g., sub-protocol data unit (sub-PDU) , etc. ) or a new multiplexed message payload where the short signaling may be included as a part of other user payload, user data or other newly defined protocol elements.
In an embodiment, the short signaling may be carried by an upper layer (e.g., above L2) . In another embodiment, the short signaling may be carried by a control PDU of an upper layer protocol. In another embodiment, the short signaling may be carried/indicated in a header of an upper layer. In another embodiment, the short signaling may be carried by an upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC layer signaling, etc. ) .
In an embodiment, if the short signaling is the upper layer signaling, the short signaling itself may start with a fixed format tag (e.g., a fixed format of bit sequence) , after that, more detailed information content can be carried (e.g., spanning a predefined time period and using a predefined modulation mechanism) .
In an embodiment, the short signaling may comprise a group of messages each having a specific purpose. For instance, one message may be a wakeup message, and another message may be DT transmission, etc., or the other message may be a small control message for triggering DO-DTT transmissions.
In an embodiment, the short signaling acting as wakeup signaling can be used to wake up a group of A-IoT devices/UEs. The short signaling can be complemented with additional signaling/information indicating resources for monitoring for individual UE belonging to this group of A-IoT devices/UEs. The indicated resources can be used for DL and/or UL transmissions.
In an embodiment, an A-IoT UE upon receiving the short signaling may perform one or more of following actions:
· Performing search of a new node (e.g., a new primary node) serving or managing 
the A-IoT UE. In this case, the reception of the short signaling can be an indication of mobility in the A-IoT UE, or the current serving/managing node may not be able to continue to serve or manage the A-IoT UE.
· Performing search of a new carrier wave transmitter node and starting to harvest 
energy from the carrier wave. In this case, when energy is gathered sufficiently, the A-IoT UE may start to perform backscattering on the carrier wave.
· Performing search of a new intermediate node that is serving or managing the 
A-IoT UE between the network node and the A-IoT UE.
· Triggering one or more connection establishment procedures (such as performing 
random access, RRC re-establishment, RRC connection release with redirection, etc. ) . This may be only applicable to active devices.
· Performing a backscattering transmission to respond in the UL due to reception of 
a triggering message in the DL.
In an embodiment, the A-IoT UE upon receiving the short signaling or message may consider the current network node (e.g., the primary node) , carrier wave transmitter or intermediate node serving or managing the A-IoT UE as invalid. This in turn may trigger the A-IoT UE to perform at least one of the actions above (such as initiating the search for a new radio node, a new carrier wave transmitter or a new intermediate node, etc. ) .
In another embodiment, no occasions in time are determined (assuming that the A-IoT UEs/devices have no synchronization or poor synchronization capability) so that the A-IoT UEs/devices monitor a DL message transmitted from the network or an intermediate node (as given in Topology 2) , but the A-IoT UEs/devices may continuously monitor to wake up when triggered and monitor to receive the DL message, e.g., a polling message, within a certain period of time, e.g., T which can be a fixed or preconfigured value via broadcast signaling (for example, encoded in the carrier wave transmissions) . Note that an A-IoT UE/device may not necessarily need to be capable of keeping track of this time limit. If the A-IoT UE/device has no synchronization capability, e.g., no oscillator, it can monitor for some time period during which the A-IoT UE/device can receive one or multiple polling messages from the network or intermediate node (as given in Topology 2) yet it can ignore all but one, i.e., only responds to polling once during that duration. This is in order to avoid redundant signaling in the UL. In an embodiment, a wakeup message itself can carry a DL message, e.g., a polling message.
In a second embodiment, a network node can use short signaling to inform/notify the intended A-IoT UEs of timing information (i.e., the short signaling can serve as timing signaling for the A-IoT UEs) which may comprise at least one of the following contents:
· Indication information about a start location/position and duration of UL time 
occasions on which one or multiple A-IoT UEs may provide responses or UL data.
о A time gap between the short signaling and UL time occasions to allow 
for a UE to turn around, i.e., the UE turns from reception to transmission. The time gap may be indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) by the network node. Alternatively or additionally, the time gap may be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion. The time gap may be different for different UE capabilities. For A-IoT UEs with simple UE capabilities (e.g., higher processing time may be required) , the time gap may be larger. For A-IoT UEs with advanced UE capabilities (e.g., lower processing time may be required) , the time gap may be shorter.
о In an embodiment, after the short signaling, there may be X subsequent 
time occasions for UL transmissions. X may be indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) . Alternatively or additionally, X may be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion. X may be different for different UE capabilities. For A-IoT UEs with simple UE capabilities, X may be lower. For A-IoT UEs with advanced UE capabilities, X may be higher. There may be different UL time occasions for different UEs respectively. In this case, the UEs may be scheduled to perform UL transmissions in different slots/time occasions. Alternatively or additionally, the short signaling may carry multiple UL time occasions/resources without associated UE (group) IDs. The UEs may autonomously obtain an occasion/resource for its UL transmissions.
о In an embodiment, there may be Y time occasions for response (s) and Z 
time occasions for UL data transmission (s) respectively after the short signaling. Values of Y and/or Z can be configured/preconfigured/indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) by the network node, and/or be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion.
о In an embodiment, there may be Y time occasions for response (s) present 
after the short signaling.
о In an embodiment, there may be Z time occasions for UL data present 
after the short signaling.
о In an embodiment, the number of UL time occasions may correspond to 
the number of UEs which are being/to be served by the network node.
о In an embodiment, the earliest UL transmission may not be expected to 
be transmitted by the UE earlier than the end of a pre-defined time period after the short signaling.
· Indication information about an end location/position of UL time occasions on 
which one or multiple A-IoT UEs may stop UL transmissions of responses or UL data.
о After this indicated location/position, there may be no more UL 
transmissions expected from these A-IoT UEs, unless there is a new command/signaling from the network node indicating new UL time occasions.
· Indication information about a start location/position and duration of DL time 
occasions on which one or multiple A-IoT UEs may perform DL receptions of subsequent DL messages or DL data.
о The duration/size of the DL data, e.g., M1 time occasions occupied by 
subsequent DL transmissions.
о A time gap between two adjacent DL messages to allow for UEs to 
processing each DL message. The time gap may be indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) by the network node. Alternatively or additionally, the time gap may be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion. The time gap may be different for different UE capabilities. For A-IoT UEs with simple UE capabilities (e.g., higher processing time may be required) , the time gap may be larger. For A-IoT UEs with advanced UE capabilities (e.g., lower processing time may be required) , the time gap may be shorter.
о There may be multiple DL time occasions for subsequent DL messages 
or data. The number of DL time occasions may be indicated in DL signaling (e.g., this short signaling or another separate signaling) . Alternatively or additionally, the number of DL time occasions may be captured in the specification in a hard coded fashion.
о In an embodiment, the earliest subsequent DL message or data may not 
be expected to be received by the UE earlier than the end of a pre-defined time period after the short signaling.
· Indication information about one or multiple UE IDs or UE group IDs associated 
with DL receptions or UL transmissions.
· Indication information about another network node, intermediate node and/or 
carrier frequency or CW for the determination of said another network node or intermediate node for resource allocation and/or reception of DL short signaling, indication, or for UL resource allocation or transmission.
It is noted that each time occasion (for a DL message or a UL message) as described above may be expressed relative to the first/latest short signaling. An A-IoT UE can detect when the short signaling starts and/or when the short signaling ends (e.g., detection of a predefined format of bit sequence) . After the short signaling, the A-IoT UE may start to track/maintain timing (e.g., relative to the end of the first/latest short signaling) . In an embodiment, there may be the following three options to maintain/achieve timing for each subsequent message (e.g., a DL or UL message) .
· Option 1: each subsequent message may span a fixed/the same time period (which 
may be predefined or preconfigured, and may also contain a time gap to the previous message) .
· Option 2: the short signaling itself may carry a time offset for each subsequent 
message, which indicates the timing boundary of the subsequent message.
· Option 3: the network node may transmit the short signaling periodically. An 
A-IoT UE may reacquire timing after reading the short signaling. To track timing, a subsequent message may be always led by (or followed by) short signaling, or an entire subsequent message may be divided into segments and each segment may be led by (or followed by) short signaling. For the latter case, the A-IoT UE may reassemble segments back to the entire message for further processing.
In an embodiment, the normal DL signaling (e.g., carrying DL/UL configuration) after the short signaling may carry timing information indicating time occasions for subsequent DL receptions and/or UL transmissions.
In an embodiment, the UE may only turn on/maintain the clock (the clock may only be used for baseband operation in case of passive device) and/or activate its circuit for UL transmission during the time period (which may be indicated in the short signaling and/or other DL signaling and/or the specification) it needs to receive the DL messages (other than the short signaling) and/or transmission in UL.
In an embodiment, a network node (e.g., a gNB or a reader or an intermediate node) may send short signaling in DL towards one or multiple A-IoT UEs to notify the UEs to be prepared for reception of subsequent DL message (s) and providing response (s) in UL. When receiving the short signaling, the relevant UE (s) may turn on/maintain the clock and/or activate its circuit for UL transmission. When the UE (s) receive another short signaling indicating that the UE (s) do not need to receive in DL or transmit in UL, the UE (s) may not maintain the clock and can deactivate the circuit for UL transmission, e.g., until receiving further short signaling indicating the need of reception in DL and/or transmission in UL.
In a third embodiment, a network node may send short signaling towards one or multiple intended A-IoT UEs, the short signaling carrying at least one of the following contents:
· RACH configuration and/or UL resources for UL transmission (data and/or 
response) ; and
· Paging (which may be also referred to as a DL query command or a DL polling 
command) configuration and/or DL resources for data reception.
In a fourth embodiment, an A-IoT UE may send an indication/request message to the network node requesting resources/time occasions, e.g., using an UL occasion assigned/indicated by the short signaling. The UL occasion may be assigned to the UE as a dedicated occasion by the network node in the short signaling or other DL signaling. Alternatively or additionally, the network node may in DL signaling indicate one or multiple subsequent UL occasions (after the DL signaling) which are common to all A-IoT UEs. An A-IoT UE can attempt to obtain one of such occasions autonomously. Upon reception of the request message, the network node can assign UL time occasions/resources for the A-IoT UE in DL signaling.
In an embodiment, an A-IoT UE may send an acknowledge/rejection (e.g., in a short message) to the network node, allowing/rejecting the subsequent DL receptions and/or UL transmissions assigned/indicated by short signaling or other DL signaling, before the network node transmits DL transmissions and/or a request of UL transmissions. The short signaling may be referred as a request to a specific action to be conducted by the A-IoT UE. For this purpose, a time period N1, after the network node transmits the short signaling, may be reserved for the network node waiting for a message from the A-IoT UE before transmitting subsequent messages. The A-IoT UE may acknowledge one DL signaling but reject another DL signaling depending on the situation of the A-IoT UE, e.g., an energy profile, available DL/UL resources for reception/transmission, etc. In an embodiment, the network node may indicate one or multiple DL transmissions and/or a request of UL transmissions in one DL signaling. The A-IoT UE may feedback a message containing the corresponding acknowledge/rejection to each of the DL transmissions and/or the request of UL transmissions.
In another embodiment, the A-IoT UE may send an indication to the network node indicating the available/allowed purposed DL receptions and/or UL transmissions as a response of the short signaling or other DL signaling. With respect to such response, the network node may determine what to be transmitted. In an embodiment, the available/allowed purposed DL receptions and/or UL transmissions may be based on the UE’s capability or derived from the UE’s capability. The network node may send such DL signaling and receive the response from the UE at least one time after the registration/attach procedure is completed.
In an embodiment, the short signaling can also trigger a CW transmission (in UL band) , so that an A-IoT tag can respond to DL signaling in UL band. It means that if the network node does a DL transmission, it can trigger or be accompanied with a CW transmission in UL band so that the UE can respond to the received DL signaling. In one option, there may be a time gap between DL transmissions and the CW in UL band. This is due to the fact that the UE may need processing time to decode the DL signaling and prepare a UL response and backscatter over the CW in UL band.
In an embodiment, the short signaling can be preceded with CW signaling (which can be in UL and DL depending on regulations) , so that the A-IoT UE can be charged to decode the DL messages. In one option, the network node can indicate or inform the purpose of CW, e.g., not to trigger UL transmission, rather is meant for charging (if needed) and decoding the incoming short DL signaling. In another option, if the A-IoT UE is already registered or known to the network or RAN node, and upon sending the short signaling to a known UE but there is no response, if the network or RAN node expects, then the network or RAN node can trigger CW transmissions in order to charge the targeted UE. The network or RAN node can decide how long it can illuminate the targeted UE to charge and when to do retransmission of the short DL signaling.
Fig. 2A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary DL signaling framework according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the exemplary high level DL signaling framework of Fig. 2A, a network node such as a gNB can transmit notification signaling (e.g., the short/light signaling as described with respect to the first to fourth embodiments) to a group of UEs (i.e., UE1, …, UEN) to notify the intended UEs to be prepared for receiving an inventory command subsequent to the notification signaling. Upon receiving the notification signaling, the group of UEs may perform one or more actions such as harvesting energy, tracking timing of the inventory command, activating one or more functions for receiving the inventory command, etc. When receiving the inventory command transmitted by the gNB, one or more UEs may transmit the respective UL responses to the gNB. Similarly, the gNB may use the notification signaling to inform the group of UEs of subsequent DL signaling/messages such as DL signaling carrying RACH configuration, DL signaling carrying UL resources for UL transmission (TX) , DL signaling carrying RACH configuration and/or UL resource, etc. As shown in Fig. 2A, a UE such as UEN may initiate UL data transmission in response to the DL signaling.
◆ Embodiments on DL signaling/data transmission repetition
Whenever a network node initiates DL signaling/transmission towards one or multiple A-IoT UEs, an A-IoT UE may miss reception of the DL signaling/transmission due to one or more reasons/limitations, e.g., the A-IoT UE has not obtained sufficient energy through the energy carried by the CW, or the A-IoT UE has not obtained sufficient energy through other energy harvesting manners (e.g., solar) , etc.
In order to enhance the reachability of the UE, i.e., the UE can receive a message and successfully read the message, a mechanism may be introduced to the network node and A-IoT UEs.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when it is the time for a network node to transmit DL signaling/transmissions towards one or multiple intended A-IoT UEs, the network node can determine one or multiple time occasions on which the network node may transmit the DL signaling to the one or multiple intended UEs, e.g., based on at least one of the following conditions/information:
· On the time occasion (s) , all the intended UEs (or at least Q percent of the intended 
UEs) are expected to be able to harvest energy via manners (e.g., solar, etc. ) other than harvesting through a CW. It may be feasible for the network node to be aware of such time occasions, e.g., the daytime that sunlight covers the area where the intended A-IoT UEs are located, is almost fixed or slowly varies, so that the network node can clearly know the time periods every day when the intended A-IoT UEs can collect energy through sunlight.
· On the time occasion (s) , all the intended UEs (or at least Q percent of the intended 
UEs) are expected to store sufficient energy to process and read the DL signaling (which may carry up to P bits/bytes information) . In the recent received UL signaling/transmissions, the UEs may already provide energy information reports to the network node. Alternatively or additionally, the UEs may have been continuously monitoring/receiving CWs to collect energy over a configured time period.
After determining these time occasion (s) (which may be mostly likely not periodically located in time) , the network node can transmit the DL signaling/message repeatedly (e.g., up to a given number of repetitions) within a time window (which can provide a burst of time occasions) to ensure the intended A-IoT UE to at least receive one repetition of the DL signaling/message. The time window may be initiated/placed by the network node on/prior to each time occasion (as determined as in the above embodiment) .
In such a case, the network node can provide the DL signaling (e.g., polling/inventory signaling, etc. ) with a burst-based time pattern to the intended A-IoT UE for discovery/paging and consequent data transmission.
In an embodiment, the burst-based time pattern may be implemented as a poll signal pattern which may at least contain two states/durations/modes: poll-on state and poll-off state. In the poll-on state, a plenty of poll signal time occasions may be allocated with respect to a pre-defined or configurable density; while in the poll-off state, no poll signal time occasions may be allocated.
In an embodiment, the poll signal occasion may be used to transmit, normally broadcast wise, the discovery/paging/anchor signal repeatedly to ensure that the UE can receive or monitor at least one of the poll signal time occasions for further DL signal processing and UL transmission.
In an embodiment, the configuration defining a poll signal pattern may contain at least one of the following parameters:
· The number of the poll signal time occasions in the poll-on state: this number may 
be determined and configured by the network node. In an example, this number may depend on the load of the network node. For example, the network node may configure more time occasions if the load is high, by contrast, the network node may configure less time occasions if the load is low. In another example, this number may depend on the latency requirements. For example, the network node may configure more time occasions if the latency is critical, by contrast, the network node may configure less time occasions if the latency is non-critical.
· The duration of the poll-on state: this duration may be adaptively driven by the 
number of the poll signal time occasions; and alternatively or additionally, this duration may be configured by the network node or a pre-defined time period.
· The start point/end point of the poll-on state and/or the poll-off state, which may 
be implicitly defined by the start/end of a poll signal burst.
о In an embodiment, the start/end point of the poll-on state may be defined 
as a first subframe of each one occurring at a system frame number (SFN) which meets the following condition: SFN mod T = Floor (start point/10) , where T = ceil (periodicity/10) .
о In another embodiment, the start/end point of the poll-on state may be 
defined by an absolute SFN value and a subframe value.
о It is noted that in the above embodiments, it is the network node to 
maintain the time/subframe, since at the A-IoT UE side, there may be no clock/timing unit. The window based burst transmission can ensure that each intended A-IoT UE may be able to receive/read at least one repetition of the DL signaling.
· The distance between the poll signal time occasions in one burst: this distance 
may be configured by the network node. Normally, the distance between any two consecutive poll signal time occasions may be equal, but an unequal distance also may be possible.
· The poll signal pattern may be periodic or aperiodic depending on configuration 
of the network node. One example of the periodicity may be one out of the possible list: {80ms, 160ms, 320ms, etc. } .
In an embodiment, an intended A-IoT UE may not be required to monitor the exact time location for each time window, since the UE may have no clock/timing unit equipped. Just prior to a time window, the network node may send a notification signaling (which may be short and carry limited information, e.g., the short/light signaling as described with respect to the first to fourth embodiments and Fig. 2A) towards the intended A-IoT UEs. Upon monitoring/receiving of the notification signaling, each intended UE may start to monitor the subsequent receptions for a while (which may be limited by the UE’s energy storge) , so as to capture at least one of time occasions.
Fig. 2B is a diagram illustrating exemplary DL signaling transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2B, a network node can transmit poll signaling towards one or more A-IoT UEs in a burst-based transmission, e.g., according to the burst-based time pattern such as a poll signal pattern. Three transmission bursts for DL signaling are illustrated in Fig. 2B, and there are three time occasions in each burst which is preceded with the corresponding notification signaling. It can be appreciated that the transmission bursts and the corresponding time occasions shown in Fig. 2B are just an example, and more or less transmission bursts each configured with the same number or different numbers of time occasions may also be applicable.
In an embodiment, the UE may detect at least one poll signal time occasion in a burst. Given the information obtained from the notification signaling (e.g., the same poll signal may be repeatedly transmitted in the following time window or burst) , once the UE detects one of poll signal time occasions in the burst, it may not need to continue monitoring the remaining signal time occasions in the same burst, or the UE may resume monitoring in DL until receiving other notification signaling.
In an embodiment, a network node may have indicated or indicate, in a poll signal/message to the UE, alternative nodes, carrier frequency, time instances, or otherwise DL resources for where the UE may look, e.g., autonomously or by receiving short signaling (e.g., notification signaling) in the current node.
In an embodiment, a UE/device may receive a DL signaling command/message (e.g., including the short/light signaling described above) but not be able to successfully decode the content, e.g., due to the lack of energy or interference, error cases, etc. ; or it may be able to successfully decode the content but lack energy to proceed with the expected actions/behavior. A straightforward behavior of the UE/device is to ignore and wait for upcoming DL signaling command/message and react if sufficiently energized. However, it may be beneficial to let the network understand the situation and schedule/configure better transmission for the DL signaling command/message and expected UL responses, e.g., via short/lightweight response/reply from the UE/device.
In another embodiment, upon reception of a DL signaling command/message from the network but the UE/device may not be able to decode part of or whole command/message content, or it may be able to successfully decode the command/message content but lack energy to proceed with the expected actions/behavior, the UE/device can reply with a short/lightweight UL response including one or several/all of the following contents. In an embodiment, during an inventory/registration round/session, a network node may send a DL command/message to alert/trigger A-IoT devices to prepare and communicate with the network node and provide a device ID (e.g., an electronic product code (EPC) , etc. ) and possible subsequent access (e.g., UL/DL transmission) , but the network node may not receive anything or receive two few replies from the targeted device population compared to expectation, for example, due to insufficient provisioning of a CW to energize the devices. The quick/short UL responses from one or more devices using the CW provided by the network node may help the network node to schedule the CW and DL signaling command/message more efficiently.
In an embodiment, the short UL response can indicate to the network node reason (s) why an expected UL response cannot be performed, e.g., due to low energy, or error case in decoding the DL command/signal. For the case of passive devices, the network node may react with decision to provide CW emission to energize device (s) . Another example is that the network node can perform repetition of the DL command/message upon receiving one or multiple responses from A-IoT devices.
In an embodiment, the short UL response can include a device/group ID (if available) so that the network node can reschedule the DL command to target individual or group of devices accordingly. In another embodiment, the short UL response can indicate a command ID/sequence number/message identifier of the DL command/message that is received but failed to decode/obtain the content.
It is noted that some embodiments of the present disclosure are mainly described in relation to 5G/NR specifications being used as non-limiting examples for certain exemplary network configurations and system deployments. As such, the description of exemplary embodiments given herein specifically refers to terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the presented non-limiting examples and embodiments, and does naturally not limit the present disclosure in any way. Rather, any other system configuration or radio technologies may equally be utilized as long as exemplary embodiments described herein are applicable.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method 300 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 300 illustrated in Fig. 3 may be performed by a terminal device (e.g., an ultra-low power device, a ZE-IoT device, an A-IoT device such as an A-IoT UE, etc. ) or an apparatus communicatively coupled to the terminal device. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device may be configured to receive various DL signaling/messages/signals from a network node directly or via relaying.
According to the exemplary method 300 illustrated in Fig. 3, the terminal device may receive a first message (e.g., the short/light/notification signaling or message as described with respect to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure) from a network node, as shown in block 302. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device may optionally perform one or more actions according to the first message, as shown in block 304.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the first message may include one or more of:
-indication information about one or more resources comprising at least a CW and/or a 
frequency;
-a notification for triggering one or more terminal devices to wake up;
-a notification for triggering the one or more terminal devices to harvest energy;
-a notification for triggering one or more CW transmissions of the one or more terminal 
devices;
-a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to receive or be prepared for 
receiving one or more DL messages subsequent to the first message;
-a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to provide or be prepared for 
providing one or more responses;
-a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to transmit or be prepared for 
transmitting one or more UL messages subsequent to the first message;
-timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL 
messages and/or the one or more responses;
-configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about DL receptions and/or 
UL transmissions;
-one or more IDs of the one or more terminal devices; and
-class information (e.g., device class or QoS class, etc. ) of the one or more terminal 
devices.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the one or more terminal devices for which the first message may be intended include the terminal device, the one or more actions may include one or more of:
-searching a serving node for the terminal device;
-searching a transmitter of the CW to harvest energy from the CW;
-starting to harvest energy from the CW;
-backscattering on the CW;
-starting at least one of the one or more CW transmissions;
-maintaining timing for the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL 
messages and/or the one or more responses;
-activating one or more functions of the terminal device for DL reception and/or UL 
transmission;
-deactivating the one or more functions of the terminal device for the DL reception and/or 
the UL transmission;
-determining resource configuration of the terminal device for the DL reception and/or the 
UL transmission;
-triggering one or more connection establishment procedures;
-monitoring the one or more DL messages within a period of time;
-providing the one or more responses;
-receiving the one or more DL messages; and
-transmitting the one or more UL messages.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the timing information may indicate one or more of:
-start points of one or more DL time occasions and/or one or more UL time occasions;
-durations of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time 
occasions;
-end points of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time 
occasions;
-numbers of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time 
occasions;
-a time gap between two adjacent messages of the one or more DL messages;
-a time gap between two adjacent messages of the one or more UL messages;
-one or more IDs associated with the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL 
messages;
-node indication information about resource allocations and/or the DL receptions and/or 
the UL transmissions;
-time offsets of the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages 
relative to the first message; and
-durations of the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the first message may be carried by one or more of:
-physical layer signaling;
-MAC layer signaling;
-RRC layer signaling;
-a control PDU;
-a header; and
-a payload.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the one or more UL messages may include one or more of:
-a message for requesting one or more UL resources;
-a message for indicating that receptions and/or transmissions of one or more messages 
subsequent to the first message are allowed;
-a message for indicating that the receptions and/or the transmissions of the one or more 
messages subsequent to the first message are rejected;
-a message for responding the first message and/or the one or more DL messages; and
-a message for reporting device energy.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the one or more responses may include one or more of:
-a reason why an expected UL response is failed to be performed;
-an indicator which enables the network node to reschedule a DL message; and
-an ID of a DL message which is received successfully but failed to be decoded.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the one or more DL messages may include one or more of:
-at least part of the timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one 
or more UL messages;
-at least part of the configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about 
the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions; and
-a repetition of a DL message intended for the one or more terminal devices.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the one or more DL messages may be transmitted on one or more time occasions when at least part of one or more intended terminal devices of the one or more DL messages are expected to have sufficient energy for receiving and/or processing the one or more DL messages.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the first message may be a periodical or aperiodic message (e.g., as described with respect to Fig. 2A) which may be followed by a set of repetitions of a DL message (e.g., as described with respect to Fig. 2B) .
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions may indicate one or more of:
-one or more random access configurations for the one or more terminal devices;
-one or more paging configurations for the one or more terminal devices;
-one or more resource configurations for the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions of 
the one or more terminal devices; and
-one or more signal pattern configurations for the one or more terminal devices.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, at least one of the one or more signal pattern configurations may indicate a burst-based time pattern (e.g., as described with respect to Fig. 2B) comprising at least a first state (e.g., poll-on state, etc. ) and a second state (e.g., poll-off state, etc. ) . In the first state, a set of time occasions may be allocated for a set of repetitions of a DL message, while no time occasion may be allocated in the second state.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the burst-based time pattern may be indicated by one or more of the following parameters:
-a number of the set of time occasions allocated in the first state;
-a duration of the first state;
-a duration of the second state;
-a start point and/or an end point of the first state;
-a start point and/or an end point of the second state;
-a time gap between two adjacent time occasions; and
-a periodicity of the burst-based time pattern.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, when the terminal device detects one of the set of the time occasions within a time window, the terminal device may stop monitoring remaining of the set of the time occasions.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the time window may be configured to ensure that one or more intended terminal devices of the set of the repetitions of the DL message are able to receive at least one of the set of the repetitions of the DL message.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method 400 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 400 illustrated in Fig. 4 may be performed by a network node (e.g., a gNB, a reader, an intermediate node, etc. ) or an apparatus communicatively coupled to the network node. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the network node may be configured to transmit various DL signaling/messages/signals to one or more terminal devices directly or via relaying.
According to the exemplary method 400 illustrated in Fig. 4, the network node may transmit a first message (e.g., the first message as described with respect to Fig. 3) to one or more terminal devices, as shown in block 404. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the network node may optionally generate the first message, as shown in block 402. In an embodiment, the first message may be intended for the one or more terminal devices.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the first message according to the method 400 may correspond to the first message according to the method 300. Thus, the first message as described with respect to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 may have the same or similar contents and/or feature elements.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, one or more DL messages may be transmitted by the network node on one or more time occasions when at least part of one or more intended terminal devices of the one or more DL messages are expected to have sufficient energy for receiving and/or processing the one or more DL messages.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the one or more time occasions may be determined by the network node based at least in part on:
-information about a first set of time occasions on which the at least part of the one or 
more intended terminal devices are expected to be capable of harvesting energy; and/or
-information about a second set of time occasions on which the at least part of the one or 
more intended terminal devices are expected to store or have stored sufficient energy to receive and/or process the one or more DL messages.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, at least one of one or more signal pattern configurations for the one or more terminal devices may indicate a burst-based time pattern comprising at least a first state and a second state. In the first state, a set of time occasions may be allocated for a set of repetitions of a DL message, while no time occasion may be allocated in the second state.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the set of the time occasions may be associated with a time window so that one or more intended terminal devices of the set of the repetitions of the DL message may be able to monitor at least one of the set of the time occasions within the time window.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the time window may be configured, e.g., by the network node, to ensure that the one or more intended terminal devices of the set of the repetitions of the DL message are able to receive at least one of the set of the repetitions of the DL message.
The various blocks shown in Figs. 3-4 may be viewed as method steps, and/or as operations that result from operation of computer program code, and/or as a plurality of coupled logic circuit elements constructed to carry out the associated function (s) . The schematic flow chart diagrams described above are generally set forth as logical flow chart diagrams. As such, the depicted order and labeled steps are indicative of specific embodiments of the presented methods. Other steps and methods may be conceived that are equivalent in function, logic, or effect to one or more steps, or portions thereof, of the illustrated methods. Additionally, the order in which a particular method occurs may or may not strictly adhere to the order of the corresponding steps shown.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus 500 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, the apparatus 500 may comprise one or more processors such as processor 501 and one or more memories such as memory 502 storing computer program codes 503. The memory 502 may be non-transitory machine/processor/computer readable storage medium. In accordance with some exemplary embodiments, the apparatus 500 may be implemented as an integrated circuit chip or module that can be plugged or installed into a terminal device as described with respect to Fig. 3, or a network node as described with respect to Fig. 4. In such cases, the apparatus 500 may be implemented as a terminal device as described with respect to Fig. 3, or a network node as described with respect to Fig. 4.
In some implementations, the one or more memories 502 and the computer program codes 503 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 501, cause the apparatus 500 at least to perform any operation of the method as described in connection with Fig. 3. In other implementations, the one or more memories 502 and the computer program codes 503 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 501, cause the apparatus 500 at least to perform any operation of the method as described in connection with Fig. 4. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more memories 502 and the computer program codes 503 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 501, cause the apparatus 500 at least to perform more or less operations to implement the proposed methods according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
In general, the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose chips, circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
As such, it should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit chips and modules. It should thus be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be realized in an apparatus that is embodied as an integrated circuit, where the integrated circuit may comprise circuitry (as well as possibly firmware) for embodying at least one or more of a data processor, a digital signal processor, baseband circuitry and radio frequency circuitry that are configurable so as to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
It should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be embodied in computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor in a computer or other device. The computer executable instructions may be stored on a computer readable medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid state memory, random access memory (RAM) , etc. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the function of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. In addition, the function may be embodied in whole or partly in firmware or hardware equivalents such as integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , and the like.
The present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalization thereof. Various modifications and adaptations to the foregoing exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, any and all modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims (35)

  1. A method (300) performed by a terminal device, comprising:
    receiving (302) a first message from a network node, wherein the first message includes one or more of:
    indication information about one or more resources comprising at least a carrier wave, CW, and/or a frequency;
    a notification for triggering one or more terminal devices to wake up;
    a notification for triggering the one or more terminal devices to harvest energy;
    a notification for triggering one or more CW transmissions of the one or more terminal devices;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to receive or be prepared for receiving one or more downlink, DL, messages subsequent to the first message;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to provide or be prepared for providing one or more responses;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to transmit or be prepared for transmitting one or more uplink, UL, messages subsequent to the first message;
    timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages and/or the one or more responses;
    configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about DL receptions and/or UL transmissions;
    one or more identifiers, IDs, of the one or more terminal devices; and
    class information of the one or more terminal devices.
  2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
    performing (304) one or more actions according to the first message.
  3. The method according to claim 2, wherein when the one or more terminal devices for which the first message is intended include the terminal device, the one or more actions include one or more of:
    searching a serving node for the terminal device;
    searching a transmitter of the CW to harvest energy from the CW;
    starting to harvest energy from the CW;
    backscattering on the CW;
    starting at least one of the one or more CW transmissions;
    maintaining timing for the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages and/or the one or more responses;
    activating one or more functions of the terminal device for DL reception and/or UL transmission;
    deactivating the one or more functions of the terminal device for the DL reception and/or the UL transmission;
    determining resource configuration of the terminal device for the DL reception and/or the UL transmission;
    triggering one or more connection establishment procedures;
    monitoring the one or more DL messages within a period of time;
    providing the one or more responses;
    receiving the one or more DL messages; and
    transmitting the one or more UL messages.
  4. The method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the timing information indicates one or more of:
    start points of one or more DL time occasions and/or one or more UL time occasions;
    durations of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time occasions;
    end points of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time occasions;
    numbers of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time occasions;
    a time gap between two adjacent messages of the one or more DL messages;
    a time gap between two adjacent messages of the one or more UL messages;
    one or more IDs associated with the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages;
    node indication information about resource allocations and/or the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions;
    time offsets of the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages relative to the first message; and
    durations of the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages.
  5. The method according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the first message is carried by one or more of:
    physical layer signaling;
    medium access control, MAC, layer signaling;
    radio resource control, RRC, layer signaling;
    a control protocol data unit, PDU;
    a header; and
    a payload.
  6. The method according to any of claims 1-5, wherein at least one of the one or more UL messages includes one or more of:
    a message for requesting one or more UL resources;
    a message for indicating that receptions and/or transmissions of one or more messages subsequent to the first message are allowed;
    a message for indicating that the receptions and/or the transmissions of the one or more messages subsequent to the first message are rejected;
    a message for responding the first message and/or the one or more DL messages; and
    a message for reporting device energy.
  7. The method according to any of claims 1-6, wherein at least one of the one or more responses includes one or more of:
    a reason why an expected UL response is failed to be performed;
    an indicator which enables the network node to reschedule a DL message; and
    an ID of a DL message which is received successfully but failed to be decoded.
  8. The method according to any of claims 1-7, wherein at least one of the one or more DL messages includes one or more of:
    at least part of the timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages;
    at least part of the configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions; and
    a repetition of a DL message intended for the one or more terminal devices.
  9. The method according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the one or more DL messages are transmitted on one or more time occasions when at least part of one or more intended terminal devices of the one or more DL messages are expected to have sufficient energy for receiving and/or processing the one or more DL messages.
  10. The method according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the first message is a periodical or aperiodic message which is followed by a set of repetitions of a DL message.
  11. The method according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions indicates one or more of:
    one or more random access configurations for the one or more terminal devices;
    one or more paging configurations for the one or more terminal devices;
    one or more resource configurations for the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions of the one or more terminal devices; and
    one or more signal pattern configurations for the one or more terminal devices.
  12. The method according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the one or more signal pattern configurations indicates a burst-based time pattern comprising at least a first state and a second state, and wherein in the first state, a set of time occasions is allocated for a set of repetitions of a DL message, while no time occasion is allocated in the second state.
  13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the burst-based time pattern is indicated by one or more of the following parameters:
    a number of the set of time occasions allocated in the first state;
    a duration of the first state;
    a duration of the second state;
    a start point and/or an end point of the first state;
    a start point and/or an end point of the second state;
    a time gap between two adjacent time occasions; and
    a periodicity of the burst-based time pattern.
  14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein when the terminal device detects one of the set of the time occasions within a time window, the terminal device stops monitoring remaining of the set of the time occasions.
  15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the time window is configured to ensure that one or more intended terminal devices of the set of the repetitions of the DL message are able to receive at least one of the set of the repetitions of the DL message.
  16. A method (400) performed by a network node, comprising:
    transmitting (404) a first message towards one or more terminal devices, wherein the first message includes one or more of:
    indication information about one or more resources comprising at least a carrier wave, CW, and/or a frequency;
    a notification for triggering the one or more terminal devices to wake up;
    a notification for triggering the one or more terminal devices to harvest energy;
    a notification for triggering one or more CW transmissions of the one or more terminal devices;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to receive or be prepared for receiving one or more downlink, DL, messages subsequent to the first message;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to provide or be prepared for providing one or more responses;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to transmit or be prepared for transmitting one or more uplink, UL, messages subsequent to the first message;
    timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages and/or the one or more responses;
    configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about DL receptions and/or UL transmissions;
    one or more identifiers, IDs, of the one or more terminal devices; and
    class information of the one or more terminal devices.
  17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
    generating (402) the first message.
  18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the timing information indicates one or more of:
    start points of one or more DL time occasions and/or one or more UL time occasions;
    durations of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time occasions;
    end points of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time occasions;
    numbers of the one or more DL time occasions and/or the one or more UL time occasions;
    a time gap between two adjacent messages of the one or more DL messages;
    a time gap between two adjacent messages of the one or more UL messages;
    one or more IDs associated with the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages;
    node indication information about resource allocations and/or the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions;
    time offsets of the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages relative to the first message; and
    durations of the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages.
  19. The method according to any of claims 16-18, wherein the first message is carried by one or more of:
    physical layer signaling;
    medium access control, MAC, layer signaling;
    radio resource control, RRC, layer signaling;
    a control protocol data unit, PDU;
    a header; and
    a payload.
  20. The method according to any of claims 16-19, wherein at least one of the one or more UL messages includes one or more of:
    a message for requesting one or more UL resources;
    a message for indicating that receptions and/or transmissions of one or more messages subsequent to the first message are allowed;
    a message for indicating that the receptions and/or the transmissions of the one or more messages subsequent to the first message are rejected;
    a message for responding the first message and/or the one or more DL messages; and
    a message for reporting device energy.
  21. The method according to any of claims 16-20, wherein at least one of the one or more responses includes one or more of:
    a reason why an expected UL response is failed to be performed;
    an indicator which enables the network node to reschedule a DL message; and
    an ID of a DL message which is received successfully but failed to be decoded.
  22. The method according to any of claims 16-21, wherein at least one of the one or more DL messages includes one or more of:
    at least part of the timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages;
    at least part of the configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions; and
    a repetition of a DL message intended for the one or more terminal devices.
  23. The method according to any of claims 16-22, wherein the one or more DL messages are transmitted on one or more time occasions when at least part of one or more intended terminal devices of the one or more DL messages are expected to have sufficient energy for receiving and/or processing the one or more DL messages.
  24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the one or more time occasions are determined by the network node based at least in part on:
    information about a first set of time occasions on which the at least part of the one or more intended terminal devices are expected to be capable of harvesting energy; and/or
    information about a second set of time occasions on which the at least part of the one or more intended terminal devices are expected to store or have stored sufficient energy to receive and/or process the one or more DL messages.
  25. The method according to any of claims 16-24, wherein the first message is a periodical or aperiodic message which is followed by a set of repetitions of a DL message.
  26. The method according to any of claims 16-25, wherein the configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions indicates one or more of:
    one or more random access configurations for the one or more terminal devices;
    one or more paging configurations for the one or more terminal devices;
    one or more resource configurations for the DL receptions and/or the UL transmissions of the one or more terminal devices; and
    one or more signal pattern configurations for the one or more terminal devices.
  27. The method according to claim 26, wherein at least one of the one or more signal pattern configurations indicates a burst-based time pattern comprising at least a first state and a second state, and wherein in the first state, a set of time occasions is allocated for a set of repetitions of a DL message, while no time occasion is allocated in the second state.
  28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the burst-based time pattern is indicated by one or more of the following parameters:
    a number of the set of time occasions allocated in the first state;
    a duration of the first state;
    a duration of the second state;
    a start point and/or an end point of the first state;
    a start point and/or an end point of the second state;
    a time gap between two adjacent time occasions; and
    a periodicity of the burst-based time pattern.
  29. The method according to claim 27 or 28, wherein the set of the time occasions is associated with a time window so that one or more intended terminal devices of the set of the repetitions of the DL message are able to monitor at least one of the set of the time occasions within the time window.
  30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the time window is configured to ensure that the one or more intended terminal devices of the set of the repetitions of the DL message are able to receive at least one of the set of the repetitions of the DL message.
  31. A terminal device (500) , comprising:
    one or more processors (501) ; and
    one or more memories (502) comprising computer program codes (503) ,
    the one or more memories (502) and the computer program codes (503) configured to, with the one or more processors (501) , cause the terminal device (500) at least to:
    receive a first message from a network node, wherein the first message includes one or more of:
    indication information about one or more resources comprising at least a carrier wave, CW, and/or a frequency;
    a notification for triggering one or more terminal devices to wake up;
    a notification for triggering the one or more terminal devices to harvest energy;
    a notification for triggering one or more CW transmissions of the one or more terminal devices;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to receive or be prepared for receiving one or more downlink, DL, messages subsequent to the first message;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to provide or be prepared for providing one or more responses;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to transmit or be prepared for transmitting one or more uplink, UL, messages subsequent to the first message;
    timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages and/or the one or more responses;
    configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about DL receptions and/or UL transmissions;
    one or more identifiers, IDs, of the one or more terminal devices; and
    class information of the one or more terminal devices.
  32. The terminal device according to claim 31, wherein the one or more memories and the computer program codes are configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the terminal device to perform the method according to any one of claims 2-15.
  33. A network node (500) , comprising:
    one or more processors (501) ; and
    one or more memories (502) comprising computer program codes (503) ,
    the one or more memories (502) and the computer program codes (503) configured to, with the one or more processors (501) , cause the network node (500) at least to:
    transmit a first message towards one or more terminal devices, wherein the first message includes one or more of:
    indication information about one or more resources comprising at least a carrier wave, CW, and/or a frequency;
    a notification for triggering the one or more terminal devices to wake up;
    a notification for triggering the one or more terminal devices to harvest energy;
    a notification for triggering one or more CW transmissions of the one or more terminal devices;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to receive or be prepared for receiving one or more downlink, DL, messages subsequent to the first message;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to provide or be prepared for providing one or more responses;
    a notification for notifying the one or more terminal devices to transmit or be prepared for transmitting one or more uplink, UL, messages subsequent to the first message;
    timing information about the one or more DL messages and/or the one or more UL messages and/or the one or more responses;
    configuration information of the one or more terminal devices about DL receptions and/or UL transmissions;
    one or more identifiers, IDs, of the one or more terminal devices; and
    class information of the one or more terminal devices.
  34. The network node according to claim 33, wherein the one or more memories and the computer program codes are configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the network node to perform the method according to any one of claims 17-30.
  35. A computer-readable medium having computer program codes (503) embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any step of the method according to any one of claims 1-30.
PCT/CN2024/133713 2024-02-09 2024-11-22 Method and apparatus for downlink signaling Pending WO2025167268A1 (en)

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