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WO2025092335A1 - 一种汽油改性剂、其制备方法、应用及含有其的清净环保汽油 - Google Patents

一种汽油改性剂、其制备方法、应用及含有其的清净环保汽油 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025092335A1
WO2025092335A1 PCT/CN2024/122171 CN2024122171W WO2025092335A1 WO 2025092335 A1 WO2025092335 A1 WO 2025092335A1 CN 2024122171 W CN2024122171 W CN 2024122171W WO 2025092335 A1 WO2025092335 A1 WO 2025092335A1
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gasoline
modifier
liquid
reaction
ethylhexyl phosphate
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
闫海军
朱瑞鑫
刘锦辉
张丽颖
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Beijing Shishang New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Shishang New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C10L1/2608—Organic compounds containing phosphorus containing a phosphorus-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of gasoline modification, in particular to a gasoline modifier, a preparation method and application thereof, and clean and environmentally friendly gasoline containing the gasoline modifier.
  • the polyisobutylene group has high thermal stability and is not easy to decompose at high temperatures. After the fuel enters the combustion chamber, some undecomposed detergents are adsorbed and gathered on the inner wall of the combustion chamber to form deposits, thereby increasing the formation of carbon deposits in the combustion chamber.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new gasoline modifier, its preparation method, application and clean environmentally friendly gasoline containing it, so that it can not only achieve the effect of carbon removal, but also achieve the effects of efficiency improvement, fuel saving and emission reduction, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a gasoline modifier, comprising, by volume, 10-30 parts of 3# or 5# white oil, 5-30 parts of gasoline detergent enhancer, and 40-85 parts of isooctyl alcohol;
  • the gasoline detergent enhancer comprises a stock solution and a diluent liquid;
  • the stock solution is a liquid substance formed by mixing 2-ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid in a weight ratio of 1.8-3:1, heating and performing an esterification reaction; and/or the stock solution comprises 2-ethylhexanol, phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, succinic anhydride and ethylhexyl phosphate;
  • the diluent liquid is formed by mixing formaldehyde with a content of >99% and oligomeric water clusters in a weight ratio of 1:4-3:7; the weight percentage of the stock solution in the gasoline detergent enhancer is 0.8%-1.3%.
  • the 2-ethylhexyl phosphate is in liquid form, and its molecular formula is C24H54O8P2; the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid is in dry powder form, and its molecular formula is C2H8O7P2.
  • the structural formula of ethylhexyl phosphate is as follows:
  • the 2-ethylhexyl phosphate is in the form of a blend of a monoester and a dimer.
  • the two organic substances After heating reaction, the two organic substances produce reactants which basically contain 2-ethylhexanol, phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and the remaining ethylhexyl phosphate which does not participate in the reaction.
  • 2-ethylhexanol and 2-ethylhexyl acetate are high molecular weight dispersants that can promote the dispersion of components in gasoline, resulting in a full mixing of gasoline and oxygen in the air, which promotes full combustion.
  • the dispersion effect causes the gasoline to spray out in a mist, which is more conducive to its full mixing and contact with the air.
  • the role of oligomeric water clusters is to cooperate with and enhance the above two additives, so that the effective gasoline is fully dispersed and atomized, and the effects of increasing efficiency, saving fuel, cleaning carbon, and reducing emissions are achieved by changing the physical properties of gasoline.
  • Formaldehyde is easier to burn than high-carbon alkanes, and with the participation of oligomeric water clusters, a "micro-explosion" effect is formed, which is further atomized and dispersed to promote full combustion.
  • Phosphite and ethylhexyl phosphate play an antioxidant role in the mixture. They can work together to form an isolation film in the gasoline combustion chamber to prevent the corrosion of the oxidizing components on the wall, especially to prevent the adhesion of carbon deposits on the wall. It can effectively inhibit the generation of high-temperature sludge, remove carbon deposits generated in the oil circuit and the engine, make the oil circuit more unobstructed, and make the atomization combustion more complete, saving gasoline.
  • Polyisobutylene succinic anhydride can effectively control carbon deposits in the engine combustion chamber.
  • the mechanism is that polyisobutylene succinic anhydride will adhere to the porous carbon deposits, destroy the adhesion of carbon, and decompose the carbon deposits layer by layer.
  • the purpose of adding white oil is to form a protective film on the entire oil circuit wall to prevent carbon deposits, make the oil circuit smoother, and improve the atomization effect of gasoline. Moreover, white oil burns fully, does not produce carbon deposits, and reduces the emission of harmful substances.
  • the stock solution can also be directly treated with 2-ethylhexanol, phosphite, vinegar Acid-2-ethylhexyl ester, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and ethylhexyl phosphate, the content of each component at this time is the same as the content of each component in the liquid substance formed as follows: 2-ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid are mixed and heated in a weight ratio of 1.8-3:1 to form a liquid substance by esterification reaction.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned gasoline modifier, comprising: mixing 2-ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid in a weight ratio of 1.8-3:1 and heating them for esterification reaction, wherein the liquid substance formed after the reaction is the stock solution; mixing formaldehyde with a content of >99% and oligomeric water clusters in a weight ratio of 1:4-3:7 to form a diluted liquid; mixing the stock solution and the diluted liquid, wherein the weight percentage of the stock solution is 0.8%-1.3%, and the resulting mixture is the gasoline detergent enhancer; stirring the gasoline detergent enhancer with 3# or 5# white oil and isooctyl alcohol in proportion to obtain a gasoline modifier.
  • the esterification reaction of mixing 2-ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid in a weight ratio of 1.8-3:1 and heating includes: putting 2-ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid in a weight ratio of 1.8-3:1 into a glass reaction kettle and stirring evenly; the reaction starting temperature is 100°C, the final temperature is 220-230°C, the temperature is gradually increased in the middle, and the water evaporation process is repeated for multiple times; after the reaction is completed, the heating of the reaction kettle is stopped and the temperature is naturally cooled to room temperature, and the substance in the kettle is liquid, which is the original solution.
  • the water evaporation process is repeated several times, including: first, the reaction temperature is adjusted to 100°C, during the reaction, the powder is continuously stirred and slowly dissolved, and water is produced. After a period of time, when no distilled water is produced and evaporated from the reactor, the reaction temperature is further increased to 110°C, and the reaction water is also evaporated; the temperature is successively increased in steps of 10°C, and the final temperature is 220-230°C, and the water evaporation process is repeated.
  • the present invention provides an application of a gasoline modifier, wherein the gasoline modifier is the above-mentioned gasoline modifier; or the gasoline modifier prepared by the preparation method of the above-mentioned gasoline modifier.
  • the gasoline modifier is a gasoline fuel-saving modifier, used to save gasoline; and/or, the gasoline modifier is a gasoline efficiency-enhancing modifier, used to improve engine combustion efficiency and enhance engine power; And/or, the gasoline modifier is a gasoline carbon removal modifier, which is used to clean carbon deposits generated by incomplete combustion inside the engine and no longer generate new carbon deposits; and/or, the gasoline modifier is a gasoline emission reduction modifier, which is used to reduce exhaust pollution.
  • the present invention provides a clean and environmentally friendly gasoline containing the above-mentioned gasoline modifier or a gasoline modifier prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing the gasoline modifier.
  • gasoline modifier 60-330 ml of gasoline modifier is added to every 40-60 L of gasoline.
  • gasoline is 92# gasoline.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the gasoline modifier of the present invention is a pure petroleum product and a new type of gasoline modifier without harmful elements (the product does not contain prohibited ingredients, sulfur, nitrogen, heavy metals, etc.).
  • gasoline modifier of the present invention After the gasoline modifier of the present invention is added to gasoline, it does not change any component index of the crude oil product, but only changes the physical properties of the oil product; it changes the state of the oil molecules in the crude oil product into a small molecule state, so that the droplets atomized during combustion are finer and smaller, fully mixed with air, and fully burned.
  • the molecular weight distribution of the product is narrow, the viscosity is low, and the low-temperature performance is good.
  • it decomposes into low-molecular olefins to form a micro-explosion effect (secondary atomization), making the oil molecules smaller, increasing the contact area between air and oil molecules, and releasing more oxygen to participate in the combustion reaction.
  • the combustion is more complete, thereby improving the engine combustion efficiency, enhancing the engine power, reducing the emission of automobile exhaust pollutants, and saving gasoline.
  • the product can clean the carbon deposits produced by the original incomplete combustion, and no new carbon deposits will be produced, so that the cylinder body is restored to a smooth state and the engine function is restored (unstable idling speed, insensitive throttle, etc.).
  • gasoline modifier of the present invention After the gasoline modifier of the present invention is added to gasoline, the effects of increasing efficiency, saving fuel, removing carbon and reducing emissions are achieved by changing the physical properties of gasoline; the quality of gasoline can be greatly improved, the sensitivity of gasoline can be improved, the resonance of the engine can be eliminated, the kinetic energy output can be stable, and fuel consumption can be saved; the full combustion of the fuel in the engine can be achieved, thereby reducing the emission of pollutants from automobile exhaust.
  • Ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid are placed in a glass reactor in a ratio of 3:1 and stirred appropriately to make them as uniform as possible.
  • the reaction temperature is adjusted to 100°C.
  • the powder is stirred continuously and slowly dissolved, and water is produced.
  • the reaction temperature is continued to be raised to 110°C, and the reaction water is also evaporated.
  • the temperature is raised successively, basically in steps of 10°C, and the final temperature is 220-230°C, and the water evaporation process is repeated.
  • the reactor stops heating and naturally cools to room temperature.
  • the substance in the reactor is a liquid stock solution containing 2-ethylhexanol, phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, and the remaining ethylhexyl phosphate that does not participate in the reaction.
  • Formaldehyde with a content of >99% is mixed with oligomeric water clusters in a ratio of 1:4 as a diluent.
  • the stock solution and the diluent were mixed and stirred, wherein the proportion of the stock solution was 0.8%.
  • the obtained mixture is gasoline detergent enhancer 1.
  • the substance in the reactor is a liquid stock solution containing 2-ethylhexanol, phosphite, and 2-ethyl acetate. ethylhexyl phosphate, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and the remaining ethylhexyl phosphate that did not participate in the reaction.
  • Formaldehyde with a content of >99% is mixed with oligomeric water clusters in a ratio of 3:7 as a diluent.
  • the original liquid and the diluted liquid are mixed and stirred, wherein the proportion of the original liquid is 1.3%, and the obtained mixture is the gasoline detergent enhancer 2.
  • Ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid are placed in a glass reactor in a ratio of 1.8:1 and stirred appropriately to make them as uniform as possible.
  • the reaction temperature is adjusted to 100°C.
  • the powder is stirred continuously and slowly dissolved, and water is produced.
  • the reaction temperature is continued to be raised to 110°C, and the reaction water is also evaporated.
  • the temperature is raised successively, basically in steps of 10°C, and the final temperature is 220-230°C, and the water evaporation process is repeated.
  • the reactor stops heating and naturally cools to room temperature.
  • the substance in the reactor is a liquid stock solution, containing 2-ethylhexanol, phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, and the remaining ethylhexyl phosphate that does not participate in the reaction.
  • Formaldehyde with a content of >99% is mixed with oligomeric water clusters in a ratio of 1:4 as a diluent.
  • the original liquid and the diluted liquid are mixed and stirred, wherein the proportion of the original liquid is 1.3%, and the obtained mixture is gasoline detergent enhancer 3.
  • Ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid were placed in a glass reactor in a ratio of 2.5:1 and stirred appropriately to make them as uniform as possible.
  • the reaction temperature was adjusted to 100°C.
  • the powder was stirred continuously and slowly dissolved, and water was produced.
  • the reaction temperature was continued to be raised to 110°C.
  • the water should be evaporated.
  • the temperature is raised successively, basically in steps of 10°C, and the final temperature is 220-230°C, and the water evaporation process is repeated.
  • the substance in the reactor is a liquid stock solution containing 2-ethylhexanol, phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and the remaining ethylhexyl phosphate that does not participate in the reaction.
  • Formaldehyde with a content of >99% is mixed with oligomeric water clusters in a ratio of 5:14 as a diluent.
  • the original liquid and the diluted liquid are mixed and stirred, wherein the proportion of the original liquid is 1%, and the obtained mixture is gasoline detergent enhancer 4.
  • 2-Ethylhexyl phosphate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid are placed in a glass reactor in a ratio of 2:1 and stirred appropriately to make them as uniform as possible.
  • the reaction temperature is adjusted to 100°C.
  • the powder is stirred continuously and slowly dissolved, and water is produced.
  • the reaction temperature is continued to be raised to 110°C, and the reaction water is also evaporated.
  • the temperature is raised successively, basically in steps of 10°C, and the final temperature is 220-230°C, and the water evaporation process is repeated.
  • the reactor stops heating and naturally cools to room temperature.
  • the substance in the reactor is a liquid stock solution containing 2-ethylhexanol, phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, and the remaining ethylhexyl phosphate that does not participate in the reaction.
  • Formaldehyde with a content of >99% is mixed with oligomeric water clusters in a ratio of 2:5 as a diluent.
  • the stock solution and the diluent liquid are mixed and stirred, wherein the proportion of the stock solution is 1%.
  • the obtained mixture is gasoline detergent enhancer 5.
  • gasoline modifier 4 10 ml of 3# white oil, 5 ml of gasoline cleaning enhancer 4 and 85 ml of isooctyl alcohol, are mixed and stirred evenly to form clean and environmentally friendly gasoline 4.
  • the clean and environmentally friendly gasoline 5 obtained in Example 10 and the conventional National VI Standard 92# gasoline were tested on a sample vehicle to examine their carbon removal, energy saving, efficiency improvement and emission reduction.
  • the energy saving and emission reduction were tested using the heavy-duty vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust pollutant method (chassis dynamometer method).
  • Table 2 shows the results of the exhaust emission test.
  • exhaust emissions are in accordance with the current vehicle annual inspection standards, and emissions are generally reduced by more than 90% compared to before use, except for a few old vehicles, and can be fully up to standard at the inspection station.
  • the present invention achieves the effects of increasing efficiency, saving fuel, removing carbon and reducing emissions by changing the physical properties of gasoline; highly improves the quality of oil products, improves oil product sensitivity, eliminates engine resonance, stabilizes kinetic energy output, and saves fuel consumption; and achieves full combustion of oil in the engine, thereby reducing automobile exhaust pollutant emissions.

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Abstract

一种汽油改性剂、其制备方法、应用及含有其的清净环保汽油，按体积份数，包括10-30份3#或5#白油、5-50份汽油清净增效剂及40-85份异辛醇；所述汽油清净增效剂包括原液及稀释液体；所述原液是将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应而形成的液态物质；和/或所述原液包括2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及乙基己基磷酸酯；所述稀释液体是将含量＞99％的甲醛与低聚水簇按照重量配比1:4-3:7进行配比混合形成；所述原液占汽油清净增效剂的重量百分比为0.8％-1.3％。该汽油改性剂是一种纯石油产品，加入汽油中可以改变汽油的物理性能，达到增效、节油、清碳、减排的效果。

Description

一种汽油改性剂、其制备方法、应用及含有其的清净环保汽油 技术领域
本发明涉及汽油改性领域，特别是涉及一种汽油改性剂、其制备方法、应用及含有其的清净环保汽油。
背景技术
随着我国汽车拥有量的迅速增加，以及发动机上电子控制燃料直接喷射技术的广泛使用，对燃料品质提出了更高的要求。由于汽油中的烯烃和部分重芳烃在高温下容易发生氧化和缩合反应，进一步在发动机中生成积碳与胶质，严重影响发动机的工作状况，造成功率下降、排放增加以及油耗增大。发动机的燃料喷嘴、进气阀和燃烧室是沉积物最容易生成的场所。以聚异丁烯胺类化合物为代表的第四代汽油清净剂能有效清除发动机喷油嘴、进气阀等部位形成的沉积物，但不可避免地会增加燃烧沉积物，主要原因在于聚异丁烯基团热稳定性高，在高温下不易分解，随燃料进入燃烧室后部分未分解的清净剂吸附并聚集于燃烧室内壁形成沉积物，从而加大了燃烧室积碳的生成。
目前市场上功能相似的添加剂(清净剂)多是化学制剂,含有非石油成分,长期使用对发动机有害。因为其成分组成单一，在清净综合作用方面参差不齐，不能整体起到清净环保的作用。且部分清净剂能有效清除发动机喷油嘴、进气阀等部位形成的沉积物，但不可避免地会增加燃烧沉积。
由此可见，上述现有的清净剂显然仍存在有不便与缺陷，而亟待加以进一步改进。如何能创设一种新的汽油改性剂，使其不但能达到清碳的效 果，同时还可达到增效、节油、减排的效果成为当前业界极需改进的目标。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种新的汽油改性剂、其制备方法、应用及含有其的清净环保汽油，使其不但能达到清碳的效果，同时还可达到增效、节油、减排的效果，从而克服现有技术中存在的不足。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本发明提供了一种汽油改性剂，按体积份数，包括10-30份3#或5#白油、5-30份汽油清净增效剂及40-85份异辛醇；
所述汽油清净增效剂包括原液及稀释液体；所述原液是将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应而形成的液态物质；和/或所述原液包括2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、丁二酸酐以及乙基己基磷酸酯；所述稀释液体是将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇按照重量配比1:4-3:7进行配比混合形成；所述原液占汽油清净增效剂的重量百分比为0.8％-1.3％。
所述2-乙基己基磷酸酯为液态，分子式为C24H54O8P2；所述羟基乙叉二膦酸为干粉状，分子式为C2H8O7P2。其中，乙基己基磷酸酯的结构式如下：
它常以二聚体形式存在，结构式如下：
即所述2-乙基己基磷酸酯为单酯和二聚体的共混物形式。
羟基乙叉二膦酸的结构式如下：
上述两种有机物在结构上都有磷酸的结构存在，因此依据相似相容原理，混合物在加热的状态下能够溶解，而两种有机物有都存在较为活跃的羧基与羟基，因此会产生酯化反应。
经过加热反应，两种有机物产生反应物基本含有2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及没有参与反应的剩余乙基己基磷酸酯。
其中，2-乙基己醇结构式如下：
亚磷酸酯结构式如下：
醋酸-2-乙基己酯结构式如下：
聚异丁烯丁二酸酐中的丁二酸酐结构式如下：
其中，2-乙基己醇和醋酸-2-乙基己酯是高分子分散剂，可促进汽油中的成分分散开来，其结果可形成汽油与空气中氧气的充分混合，促进燃烧充分。并且分散效果致使汽油喷出形成雾状，更有利于其与空气充分混合接触。低聚水簇的作用则配合增强上述两种添加剂，使有效汽油得到充分分散和雾化，通过改变汽油的物理性能达到其增效、节油、清碳、减排的效果。甲醛比高碳烷烃更易于燃烧，并且在低聚水簇的参与下形成“微爆”效应，更进一步雾化分散，促进燃烧充分。
亚磷酸酯与乙基己基磷酸酯在混合物中起到抗氧化作用，它们合作能够在汽油燃烧室形成隔离膜，防止氧化成分对器壁的腐蚀，特别防止积碳对器壁的附着。可有效抑制高温油泥的产生，清除油路及发动机内部所产生的积碳，使油路更畅通，雾化燃烧更加充分，节约汽油。
聚异丁烯丁二酸酐能有效控制发动机燃烧室内的积碳，其机理是聚异丁烯丁二酸酐会附着在多孔的积碳上，破坏碳的附着，使积碳层层分解。
除此之外，加入白油的目的主要是在整个油路壁上形成保护膜，防止积碳的产生，使油路更为通畅，汽油的雾化效果更好。而且白油的燃烧充分，不会产生积碳，降低了有害物质的排放。
异辛醇的作用主要是提高了汽油的辛烷值，使混合油的燃烧效率高，对汽油的节能降耗起到正向推动作用。
基于上述作用机制，也可将原液直接采用2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋 酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及乙基己基磷酸酯，此时各组分的含量与下述形成的液态物质中的各组分含量相同：将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应而形成的液态物质。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种上述汽油改性剂的制备方法，包括：将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应，反应后形成的液态物质为原液；将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇按照重量配比1:4-3:7进行配比，混合形成稀释液体；将原液与稀释液体混合搅拌，其中原液的重量百分比为0.8％-1.3％，所得混合物即为汽油清净增效剂；将汽油清净增效剂与3#或5#白油及异辛醇按比例进行搅拌混合均匀即为汽油改性剂。
进一步地，所述将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应包括：将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1放入玻璃反应釜中搅拌均匀；反应起始温度为100℃，最终温度为220-230℃，中间依次升高温度，分多次重复进行水分蒸发过程；反应结束后，反应釜停止加热，并自然降温到室温，则釜内物质为液态，此为原液。
进一步地，所述分多次重复进行水分蒸发过程包括：首先将反应温度调节到100℃，反应期间粉料被不停搅拌，且慢慢溶化，并产生水，保持一段时间后，当没有蒸馏水从反应釜中产生并蒸发时，继续调升反应温度到110℃，同样将反应水蒸发出去；依次将温度升高，以10℃为步长，最终温度为220-230℃，重复进行水分蒸发过程。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种汽油改性剂的应用，所述汽油改性剂为上述的汽油改性剂；或上述汽油改性剂的制备方法制备得到的汽油改性剂
所述汽油改性剂为汽油节油改性剂，用于节省汽油；和/或，所述汽油改性剂为汽油增效改性剂，用于提高发动机燃烧效率、增强发动机动力； 和/或，所述汽油改性剂为汽油清碳改性剂，用于清理发动机内部燃烧不充分产生的积碳，并且不再产生新的积碳；和/或，所述汽油改性剂为汽油减排改性剂，用于减少排气污染。
第四方面，本发明提供了一种清净环保汽油，含有上述的汽油改性剂或上述的汽油改性剂的制备方法制备得到的汽油改性剂。
进一步地，每40-60L汽油中加入60-330ml的汽油改性剂。
进一步地，所述汽油为92#汽油。
通过采用上述技术方案，本发明至少具有以下优点：
(1)本发明的汽油改性剂是一种纯石油产品，是一种新型汽油改性剂，无有害元素(产品不含违禁成分,不含硫、氮、重金属等)。
(2)本发明的汽油改性剂加入汽油后，不改变原油品任何成分指标,仅改变油品的物理性能；使原油品中油分子存在状态变成小分子存在状态,从而使燃烧时雾化出的液滴更细、更小,充分与空气混合,达到充分燃烧该产品的分子量分布较窄,粘度低,低温性能好,在一定温度下分解成低分子烯烃,形成微爆效应(二次雾化),使油分子变得更小,加大空气与油分子接触面积,同时释放出更多的氧参与燃烧反应。由于氧含量增加,燃烧更充分,从而提高发动机燃烧效率、增强发动机动力、降低汽车尾气污染物的排放、节省汽油。同时产品可以清理原来燃烧不充分产生的积碳,并且不再产生新的积碳,从而使缸体恢复光洁,发动机功能得到恢复(怠速不稳.油门不灵敏等现象)。
(3)本发明的汽油改性剂加入汽油后，通过改变汽油的物理性能达到其增效、节油、清碳、减排的效果；可高度提升油品质量,油品感受性好,消除发动机共振现象,动能输出平稳,节约油耗；实现发动机内油料充分燃烧,从而减少汽车尾气污染物排放。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本发明的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明，并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域技术人员。
实施例1汽油改性剂1的制备
将乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照比例3：1放入玻璃反应釜中进行适当搅拌，使其尽可能均匀。首先将反应温度调节到100℃，反应期间粉料被不停搅拌，且慢慢溶化，并产生水，保持一段时间后，当没有蒸馏水从反应釜中蒸发产生并蒸发时，继续调升反应温度到110℃，同样将反应水蒸发出去。依次将温度升高，基本以10℃为步长，最终温度为220-230℃，重复进行水分蒸发过程。反应结束后，反应釜停止加热，并自然降温到室温，则釜内物质为液态原液，含有2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及没有参与反应的剩余乙基己基磷酸酯。
将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇配比，配比比例1:4，作为稀释液体。
将原液与稀释液体混合搅拌，其中原液的比例为0.8％。
所得混合物即为汽油清净增效剂1。
取20ml3#白油、15ml汽油清净增效剂1及40ml异辛醇,搅拌混合均匀即为汽油改性剂1。
实施例2汽油改性剂2的制备
将乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照比例1.8：1放入玻璃反应釜中进行适当搅拌，使其尽可能均匀。首先将反应温度调节到100℃，反应期间粉料被不停搅拌，且慢慢溶化，并产生水，保持一段时间后，当没有蒸馏水从反应釜中蒸发产生并蒸发时，继续调升反应温度到110℃，同样将反应水蒸发出去。依次将温度升高，基本以10℃为步长，最终温度为220-230℃，重复进行水分蒸发过程。反应结束后，反应釜停止加热，并自然降温到室温，则釜内物质为液态原液，含有2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙 基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及没有参与反应的剩余乙基己基磷酸酯。
将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇配比，配比比例3:7，作为稀释液体。
将原液与稀释液体混合搅拌，其中原液的比例为1.3％，所得混合物即为汽油清净增效剂2。
取25ml3#白油、25ml汽油清净增效剂2及60ml异辛醇,搅拌混合均匀即为汽油改性剂2。
实施例3汽油改性剂3的制备
将乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照比例1.8：1放入玻璃反应釜中进行适当搅拌，使其尽可能均匀。首先将反应温度调节到100℃，反应期间粉料被不停搅拌，且慢慢溶化，并产生水，保持一段时间后，当没有蒸馏水从反应釜中蒸发产生并蒸发时，继续调升反应温度到110℃，同样将反应水蒸发出去。依次将温度升高，基本以10℃为步长，最终温度为220-230℃，重复进行水分蒸发过程。反应结束后，反应釜停止加热，并自然降温到室温，则釜内物质为液态原液,含有2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及没有参与反应的剩余乙基己基磷酸酯。
将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇配比，配比比例1:4，作为稀释液体。
将原液与稀释液体混合搅拌，其中原液的比例为1.3％，所得混合物即为汽油清净增效剂3。
取30ml5#白油、50ml汽油清净增效剂3及60ml异辛醇,搅拌混合均匀即为汽油改性剂3。
实施例4汽油改性剂4的制备
将乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照比例2.5：1放入玻璃反应釜中进行适当搅拌，使其尽可能均匀。首先将反应温度调节到100℃，反应期间粉料被不停搅拌，且慢慢溶化，并产生水，保持一段时间后，当没有蒸馏水从反应釜中蒸发产生并蒸发时，继续调升反应温度到110℃，同样将反 应水蒸发出去。依次将温度升高，基本以10℃为步长，最终温度为220-230℃，重复进行水分蒸发过程。反应结束后，反应釜停止加热，并自然降温到室温，则釜内物质为液态原液，含有2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及没有参与反应的剩余乙基己基磷酸酯。
将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇配比，配比比例5:14，作为稀释液体。
将原液与稀释液体混合搅拌，其中原液的比例为1％，所得混合物即为汽油清净增效剂4。
取10ml3#白油、5ml汽油清净增效剂4及85ml异辛醇,搅拌混合均匀即为汽油改性剂4。
实施例5汽油改性剂5的制备
将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照比例2：1放入玻璃反应釜中进行适当搅拌，使其尽可能均匀。首先将反应温度调节到100℃，反应期间粉料被不停搅拌，且慢慢溶化，并产生水，保持一段时间后，当没有蒸馏水从反应釜中蒸发产生并蒸发时，继续调升反应温度到110℃，同样将反应水蒸发出去。依次将温度升高，基本以10℃为步长，最终温度为220-230℃，重复进行水分蒸发过程。反应结束后，反应釜停止加热，并自然降温到室温，则釜内物质为液态原液，含有2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及没有参与反应的剩余乙基己基磷酸酯。
将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇配比，配比比例2:5，作为稀释液体。
将原液与稀释液体混合搅拌，其中原液的比例为1％。
所得混合物即为汽油清净增效剂5。
取20ml3#白油、25ml汽油清净增效剂5及50ml异辛醇,搅拌混合均匀即为汽油改性剂5。
实施例6清净环保汽油1的制备
市场加油站国六标准92#汽油40升,汽油改性剂1,75ml(20ml3#白油， 15ml汽油清净增效剂1，40ml异辛醇)，进行混合搅拌均匀，形成清净环保汽油1。
实施例7清净环保汽油2的制备
市场加油站国六标准92#汽油50升,汽油改性剂2,110ml(25ml3#白油、25ml汽油清净增效剂2及60ml异辛醇)，进行混合搅拌均匀，形成清净环保汽油2。
实施例8清净环保汽油3的制备
市场加油站国六标准92#汽油60升,汽油改性剂3,140ml(30ml3#白油、50ml汽油清净增效剂3及60ml异辛醇)，进行混合搅拌均匀，形成清净环保汽油3。
实施例9清净环保汽油4的制备
市场加油站国六标准92#汽油45升,汽油改性剂4,100ml(10ml3#白油、5ml汽油清净增效剂4及85ml异辛醇)，进行混合搅拌均匀，形成清净环保汽油4。
实施例10清净环保汽油5的制备
市场加油站国六标准92#汽油40升,汽油改性剂5,95ml(20ml3#白油、25ml汽油清净增效剂5及50ml异辛醇)，进行混合搅拌均匀，形成清净环保汽油5。
将实施例10获得的清净环保汽油5与常规的国六标准92#汽油进行样车实验，分别检验其清碳情况、节能情况、增效情况及减排情况。其中节能及减排情况采用重型汽车燃料消耗量及排气污染物法(底盘测功机法)。
试验结果如下：
(1)清碳情况
经对比可见，常规的国六标准92#汽油在使用一段时间后出现积碳；而加入汽油改性剂的国六标准92#汽油燃烧充分，可以清理原来燃烧不充分产生的积碳,并且不再产生新的积碳,缸体恢复光洁。
(2)节能(节油耗)情况
表1-油耗实验结果
由上表可知，加入汽油改性剂的国六标准92#汽油的汽车节油性能明显提高，并且使用次数越多，节油效果越好。
(3)增效情况
经对比可见，常规的国六标准92#汽油同样的油量，所行里程较短；而加入汽油改性剂的国六标准92#汽油，同样油量所行里程不断增加。
(4)减排情况
根据环保要求对汽车尾气排放检测标准，将部分使用一段时间汽油改性剂的车辆在尾气检测线上，检测一氧化碳、碳氢、氮氧化合物排放量的统计数据：
表2为尾气排放实验结果

通过上述车辆使用测试：尾气排放按照目前车辆年审检测标准，排放较不使用前除个别老旧车辆外普遍降低90％以上，在检测站可以完全达标。
通过上述实施例及试验情况可知，本发明通过改变汽油的物理性能达到其增效、节油、清碳、减排的效果；高度提升油品质量,油品感受性好,消除发动机共振现象,动能输出平稳,节约油耗；实现发动机内油料充分燃烧,从而减少汽车尾气污染物排放。
上述试验仅给出了实施例10的清净环保汽油，但是经过实验验证，其它实施例中的清净环保汽油，均能得到类似的效果。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，本领域技术人员利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许简单修改、等同变化或修饰，均落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种汽油改性剂，其特征在于，按体积份数，包括10-30份3#或5#白油、5-50份汽油清净增效剂及40-85份异辛醇；
    所述汽油清净增效剂包括原液及稀释液体；
    所述原液是将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应而形成的液态物质；和/或所述原液包括2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及乙基己基磷酸酯；
    所述稀释液体是将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇按照重量配比1:4-3:7进行配比混合形成；
    所述原液占汽油清净增效剂的重量百分比为0.8％-1.3％，余量为稀释液体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的汽油改性剂，其特征在于，所述2-乙基己基磷酸酯为液态，分子式为C24H54O8P2；所述羟基乙叉二膦酸为干粉状，分子式为C2H8O7P2。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的汽油改性剂，其特征在于，当所述原液直接采用2-乙基己醇、亚磷酸酯、醋酸-2-乙基己酯、聚异丁烯丁二酸酐以及乙基己基磷酸酯时，各组分的含量与下述形成的液态物质中的各组分含量相同：将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应而形成的液态物质。
  4. 一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的汽油改性剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应，反应后形成的液态物质为原液；
    将含量>99％的甲醛与低聚水簇按照重量配比1:4-3:7进行配比，混合形成稀释液体；
    将原液与稀释液体混合搅拌，其中原液的重量百分比为0.8％-1.3％，所得混合物即为汽油清净增效剂；
    将汽油清净增效剂与3#或5#白油及异辛醇按比例进行搅拌混合均匀即为汽油改性剂。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的汽油改性剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1混合加热进行酯化反应包括：
    将2-乙基己基磷酸酯和羟基乙叉二膦酸按照重量配比1.8-3：1放入玻璃反应釜中搅拌均匀；反应起始温度为100℃，最终温度为220-230℃，中间依次升高温度，分多次重复进行水分蒸发过程；反应结束后，反应釜停止加热，并自然降温到室温，则釜内物质为液态，此为原液。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的汽油改性剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述分多次重复进行水分蒸发过程包括：
    首先将反应温度调节到100℃，反应期间粉料被不停搅拌，且慢慢溶化，并产生水，保持一段时间后，当没有蒸馏水从反应釜中产生并蒸发时，继续调升反应温度到110℃，同样将反应水蒸发出去；依次将温度升高，以10℃为步长，最终温度为220-230℃，重复进行水分蒸发过程。
  7. 一种汽油改性剂的应用，其特征在于，所述汽油改性剂为权利要求1-3任一项所述的汽油改性剂；
    或权利要求4-6任一项所述的汽油改性剂的制备方法制备得到的汽油改性剂；
    所述汽油改性剂为汽油节油改性剂，用于节省汽油；
    和/或，所述汽油改性剂为汽油增效改性剂，用于提高发动机燃烧效率、增强发动机动力；
    和/或，所述汽油改性剂为汽油清碳改性剂，用于清理发动机内部燃烧不充分产生的积碳，并且不再产生新的积碳；
    和/或，所述汽油改性剂为汽油减排改性剂，用于减少排气污染。
  8. 一种清净环保汽油，其特征在于，含有权利要求1-3任一项所述的汽油改性剂；或权利要求4-6任一项所述的汽油改性剂为的制备方法制备得到的汽油改性剂。
  9. 根据要求8所述的清净环保汽油，其特征在于，每40-60L汽油中加入60-330ml的汽油改性剂。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的汽油，其特征在于，所述汽油为92#汽油。
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