WO2025091121A1

WO2025091121A1 - Adjustable closure methods and systems for apparel

Info

Publication number: WO2025091121A1
Application number: PCT/CA2024/051435
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Jakubowski
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2023-11-02
Filing date: 2024-10-31
Publication date: 2025-05-08
Anticipated expiration: 2026-05-02

Abstract

Adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn are generally considered functional or utilitarian in nature. As such these tend to be low cost metal and/or plastic mechanisms. However, users may wish to make a fashion statement, a political statement, a brand statement or a lifestyle statement. The inventor has established concepts to provide users and brands with stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user. These adjustment and closure mechanisms are demountably attachable to multiple items of apparel, wearable devices, etc. as well as allowing for adjustment and/or closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user that accommodates different sizes. Accordingly, users may expend more money purchasing such adjustment and closure mechanisms as they are not restricted to a single item such that the user mentally amortizes them across their goods.

Description

ADJUSTABLE CLOSURE METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR APPAREL

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[001] This patent application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63/595,406 filed November 2, 2023; the entire of contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[002] This patent application relates to adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel and wearable devices and more particularly to devices, systems and methods of providing adjustable fitting, adjustable sizing, adjustable retention, closure for items including items of apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[003] Adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user are considered functional or utilitarian in nature. From the manufacturers viewpoint they are items added to the apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user for functional purposes where cost is generally a major factor leading to a range of low cost metal and/or plastic mechanisms being employed today such as zips, buttons, snappers and hook-and-loop strips. These may be sewn, rivetted, glued, epoxied or employ demountable fittings which are intended for irregular use such as a spring-bar as familiar upon watches etc. [004] However, in many instances it would be beneficial for a brand to leverage itself into the adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user so that the user can make a statement, be that a fashion statement, a political statement, a brand statement or a lifestyle statement.

[005] It would be beneficial to make such branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user to be adjustable such that the user can employ them with multiple items of apparel, wearable devices, etc. as well as allowing for the same of an adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user that accommodates different sizes.

[006] Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[007] It is an object of the present invention to mitigate limitations within the prior art relating to adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel and wearable devices and more particularly to devices, systems and methods of providing adjustable fitting, adjustable sizing, adjustable retention, closure for items including items of apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user.

[008] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method comprising: providing a strap comprising: a plurality of magnetic elements disposed within and along a body of the strap; and one or more shielding elements disposed within and along the body of the strap between the plurality of magnetic elements and a first surface of the strap; wherein each shielding element of the one or more shielding elements is associated with a defined subset of the plurality of magnetic elements; and each shielding element of the one or more shielding elements attenuates one or more magnetic fields at the first surface of the strap as established by the defined subset of the plurality of magnetic elements associated with the shielding element of the one or more shielding elements.

[009] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method comprising: providing a first fitting at a first location on an item of apparel; providing a second fitting at a second location on the item of apparel; attaching a first end of an adjustable strap to the first fitting; looping a second distal end of the adjustable strap through the second fitting; adjusting the adjustable strap such that a fitting defined by a wearer of the item of apparel is achieved; and fixing the second distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap.

[0010] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a system comprising: a first fitting for attachment at a first location on an item of apparel; a second fitting for attachment at a second location on the item of apparel; an adjustable strap comprising: a first end for attachment to the first fitting; a second distal end dimensioned to fit through the second fitting; and a means to attach the second distal end in a series of positions along a portion of the adjustable strap; wherein once the first fitting and second fitting are attached to the item of apparel the first end of the adjustable strap is attached to the first fitting and the second end of the adjustable strap is fed through the second fitting and attached at a position of the series of positions along the portion of the adjustable strap to establish a distance between the first location and the second location.

[0011] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method comprising: providing a first fitting at a first location on an item of apparel comprising one or more first attachment points; providing a second fitting at a second location on the item of apparel comprising a plurality of second attachment points; attaching a first end of a strap to the first fitting at a first attachment point of the one or more first attachment points; attaching a second end of the strap to the second fitting at a second attachment of the plurality of attachment points; wherein the strap is of fixed length and an adjustment of the item of apparel with respect to a user is achieved by appropriate selection of the first attachment point of the one or more first attachment points and the second attachment of the plurality of attachment points.

[0012] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method comprising: attaching a first end of a strap to a defined location upon an item of apparel; looping a second distal end of the strap through an opening at another defined location upon the item of apparel; and attaching the second distal end of the strap to a portion of the strap by a mechanical fitting or via a separable means wherein a first portion of the separable means is disposed upon the second distal end of the strap and a second portion of the separable means is disposed over a region of the strap comprising the portion of the strap and another portion of the strap.

[0013] Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached Figures, wherein:

[0015] Figure 1 depicts hat fastening mechanisms according to the prior art;

[0016] Figure 2 depicts a clasp forming an element of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0017] Figure 3 depicts a latch forming an element of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0018] Figure 4A depicts a strap forming an element of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0019] Figure 4B depicts an attachment means for a strap forming an element of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention to another element forming part of the adjustment and closure mechanism attached to an item of apparel or wearable device;

[0020] Figure 5 depicts a system according to an embodiment of the invention allowing an adjustment and closure mechanism to be employed with multiple items of apparel and wearable devices;

[0021] Figure 6 depicts a system according to embodiments of the invention allowing an adjustment and closure mechanism to be employed with multiple items of apparel and wearable devices with different attachment mechanisms to that depicted in Figure 5;

[0022] Figure 7 depicts a system according to embodiments of the invention allowing an adjustment and closure mechanism to be employed with multiple items of apparel and wearable devices with the attachment mechanisms as depicted in Figures 5 and 6;

[0023] Figure 8 depicts an embodiment of the invention providing an adjustable strap for a lobster clasp;

[0024] Figures 9 to 13 depict embodiments of the invention employing magnetic elements within straps of adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0025] Figures 14 to 18 depict embodiments of the invention employing areas of different surface texture in combination with one or more magnetic elements within straps of adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0026] Figure 19 depicts an embodiment of the invention employing a clamping attachment as part of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention; [0027] Figure 20 depicts the clamping attachment as depicted in Figure 19 forming part of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention in two exemplary configurations;

[0028] Figure 21 depicts an alternate embodiment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention to provide an attachment, closure or adjustment for an item such as described and depicted in Figures 5 to 7 respectively;

[0029] Figure 22 depicts an alternate embodiment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention to provide an attachment, closure or adjustment for an item such as described and depicted in Figures 5 to 7 respectively;

[0030] Figure 23 depicts a ring element forming part of an item of apparel for demountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0031] Figures 24 and 25 depict hook based elements for demountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0032] Figure 26 depicts a ring element forming part of an item of apparel for demountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0033] Figure 27A and 27B depict secondary adjustment straps for demountable attachment of strap systems according to an embodiments of the invention allowing wider ranges of adjustment overall than provided by the strap or utilization of shorter straps;

[0034] Figure 28 depicts the secondary adjustment strap of Figure 27A attached to a hat within an embodiment of the invention;

[0035] Figure 29 depicts an attachment means formed within an item of apparel for the attachment of a hook-based element of strap system according to an embodiment of the invention such as depicted in Figures 24 and 25 respectively;

[0036] Figure 30 depicts cross-sections of exemplary magnetic attachments elements for strap systems according to embodiments of the invention;

[0037] Figure 31 depicts perspective views of a magnetic attachment element for strap systems according to embodiments of the invention with textured attachment surface;

[0038] Figure 32 depicts a magnetic configuration according to an embodiment of the invention for a strap of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0039] Figure 33 depicts an exemplary conversion kit for an item of apparel to support attachment of a strap according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0040] Figure 34 depicts a magnetic clip for attachment to a strap of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention; [0041] Figure 35 depicts a demountable attachment means for a strap forming part of a strap system according to an embodiments of the invention;

[0042] Figure 36 depicts a sweatband for insertion within a cap according to an embodiment of the invention which supports other embodiments of the invention;

[0043] Figure 37 depicts an elastic adjustable strap according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36;

[0044] Figure 38 depicts a hook and hoop adjustable strap according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36;

[0045] Figure 39 depicts a hook and loop adjustable strap according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36;

[0046] Figure 40 depicts a silicone adjustable strap according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36;

[0047] Figure 41 depicts a woven adjustable strap according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36;

[0048] Figure 42 depicts a series of adjustable straps with G-hooks according to embodiments of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36;

[0049] Figure 43 depicts a series of adjustable straps according to embodiments of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36;

[0050] Figures 44 and 45 depict items of apparel with a ring element and loop for mountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0051] Figure 46 depicts linking two items with a ring element and loop for mountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0052] Figures 47 A to 47C depict straps with detachable G-hooks according to embodiments of the invention providing side straps and closing element for a tote;

[0053] Figure 48 depicts a strap according to an embodiment of the invention providing a closing element for a tote; [0054] Figure 49 depicts straps providing foot retention and closure element for footwear according to embodiments of the invention;

[0055] Figure 50 depicts an attachment means formed within an item of apparel for the attachment of a hook-based element strap system according to an embodiment of the invention; [0056] Figures 51 A and 5 IB depict a strap according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements in conjunction with magnetic shielding elements disposed around each magnet;

[0057] Figure 51 C depicts a strap according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements in conjunction with magnetic shielding elements disposed around each magnet;

[0058] Figure 52 depicts a strap according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements with a defined magnetic field alignment;

[0059] Figure 53 depicts a strap according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements;

[0060] Figure 54 depicts a strap according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements;

[0061] Figure 55 depicts a strap according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements with magnetic shielding elements;

[0062] Figure 56 depicts a strap according to an embodiment of the invention which may employ magnetic elements within some embodiments;

[0063] Figure 57 depicts a strap according to an embodiment of the invention employing a hook and loop attachment means;

[0064] Figure 58 depicts attachment kits according to embodiments of the invention for retrofitting straps according to embodiments of the invention to items; and

[0065] Figure 59 depicts a strap and attachment concept according to an embodiment of the invention supporting adjustable sizing with a hook and loop attachment means.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The present invention is directed to adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel and wearable devices and more particularly to devices, systems and methods of providing adjustable fitting, adjustable sizing, adjustable retention, closure for items including items of apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user. [0067] The ensuing description provides representative embodiment(s) only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the embodiment(s) will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an embodiment or embodiments of the invention. It being understood that various changes can be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope as set forth in the appended claims. Accordingly, an embodiment is an example or implementation of the inventions and not the sole implementation. Various appearances of “one embodiment,” “an embodiment” or “some embodiments” do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiments. Although various features of the invention may be described in the context of a single embodiment, the features may also be provided separately or in any suitable combination. Conversely, although the invention may be described herein in the context of separate embodiments for clarity, the invention can also be implemented in a single embodiment or any combination of embodiments.

[0068] Reference in the specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “some embodiments” or “other embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least one embodiment, but not necessarily all embodiments, of the inventions. The phraseology and terminology employed herein is not to be constmed as limiting but is for descriptive purposes only. It is to be understood that where the claims or specification refer to “a” or “an” element, such reference is not to be constmed as there being only one of that element. It is to be understood that where the specification states that a component feature, stmcture, or characteristic “may”, “might”, “can” or “could” be included, that particular component, feature, stmcture, or characteristic is not required to be included.

[0069] Reference to terms such as “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom”, “front” and “back” are intended for use in respect to the orientation of the particular feature, stmcture, or element within the figures depicting embodiments of the invention. It would be evident that such directional terminology with respect to the actual use of a device has no specific meaning as the device can be employed in a multiplicity of orientations by the user or users.

[0070] Reference to terms “including”, “comprising”, “consisting” and grammatical variants thereof do not preclude the addition of one or more components, features, steps, integers or groups thereof and that the terms are not to be constmed as specifying components, features, steps or integers. Likewise, the phrase “consisting essentially of’, and grammatical variants thereof, when used herein is not to be constmed as excluding additional components, steps, features integers or groups thereof but rather that the additional features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, device or method. If the specification or claims refer to “an additional” element, that does not preclude there being more than one of the additional element.

[0071] Items of “apparel” or “clothing” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, hats, helmets, tops, shirts, hooded jackets (hoodies), sweatshirts, t- shirts, ties, cravats, scarves, skirts, dresses, pants, trousers, socks, shorts, sweaters, jumpers, jackets, coats, overcoats, bras, underwear, lingerie, corsets, gloves, mittens, wristbands, headbands, sandals, shoes, boots, protective equipment, smart clothing, and specialist clothing such as required in undertaking certain sports activities, hobbies and/ or employment activities. [0072] An item “worn” by a user as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, an item of clothing or apparel, a wearable device, an item of eyewear such as glasses, an item of jewelry, a sensor, a portable electronic device, an item of smart clothing, a drug delivery system, a medical testing device, a medical diagnosis device, a battery pack, a money belt, a handbag, a bag, a backpack, a water backpack (also known as a hydration pack or hydration system). Where an item is worn and supports one or more communications interfaces these communications may be via wired standards and/or wireless standard.

[0073] A “plug” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, one half of a connector with the other half being the socket. The plug is usually considered the male portion of a connector and may comprises one or more pins or jacks that are designed to mate with their corresponding socket.

[0074] A “socket” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, one half of a connector with the other half being the plug. The socket is usually considered the female portion of a connector and comprises one or more openings that are designed to mate with their corresponding plug pins or jack.

[0075] A “retention means” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, a means of attaching one element to another element. The assembly / disassembly of a retention means may be manual or employ a tool or tools.

[0076] A “connector” is an electro-mechanical device used to join electrical terminations and create an electrical circuit. A connector typically consist of plugs (male-ended) and jacks (female -ended). The connection may be made / unmade manually or may require a tool for assembly and/or removal. Within other instances a pair of plugs may connect to a jack such that the connector comprises a plug -jack-plug assembly or a pair of jacks may connect to a plug such that the connector comprises a jack-plug -jack assembly. A connector may be mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, a fluid connection, or a combination thereof. Where the connector requires a tool for assembly and/or removal then the retention means include, but not be limited, a screw, a bolt, a nut and bolt, and snap fit. Where the connector requires only manual disassembly then the retention means may include, but not be limited to, a latch, a clip, and a snap-fit buckle.

[0077] A “wireless standard” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, a standard for transmitting signals and / or data through electromagnetic radiation which may be optical, radio-frequency (RF) or microwave although typically RF wireless systems and techniques dominate. A wireless standard may be defined globally, nationally, or specific to an equipment manufacturer or set of equipment manufacturers. Dominant wireless standards at present include, but are not limited to IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, UMTS, GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900, GPRS, ITU-R 5.138, ITU- R 5.150, ITU-R 5.280, IMT-1000, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Ultra-Wideband and WiMAX. Some standards may be a conglomeration of sub-standards such as IEEE 802.11 which may refers to, but is not limited to, IEEE 802.1a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, or IEEE 802.1 In as well as others under the IEEE 802.11 umbrella.

[0078] A “wired standard” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, generally refers to, but is not limited to, a standard for transmitting signals and / or data through an electrical cable discretely or in combination with another signal. Such wired standards may include, but are not limited to, digital subscriber loop (DSL), Dial-Up (exploiting the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to establish a connection to an Internet service provider (ISP)), Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS), Ethernet, Gigabit home networking (G.hn), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA), and Power Line Communication (PLC, wherein data is overlaid to AC / DC power supply). In some embodiments a “wired standard” may refer to, but is not limited to, exploiting an optical cable and optical interfaces such as within Passive Optical Networks (PONs) for example.

[0079] A “user” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, an individual. This includes, private individuals, employees of organizations and / or enterprises, members of community organizations, members of charity organizations, men, women and children. In its broadest sense the user may further include, but not be limited to, mechanical systems, robotic systems, android systems, a pet, an animal etc. that may be characterised by an ability to exploit one or more embodiments of the invention.

[0080] A “sensor” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, a transducer providing an electrical output generated in dependence upon a magnitude of a measure and selected from the group comprising, but is not limited to, environmental sensors, medical sensors, biological sensors, chemical sensors, ambient environment sensors, position sensors, motion sensors, thermal sensors, infrared sensors, visible sensors, RFID sensors, and medical testing and diagnosis devices.

[0081] A “portable electronic device” (PED) as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, refers to a wireless device used for communications and other applications that requires a battery or other independent form of energy for power. This includes devices, but is not limited to, such as a cellular telephone, smartphone, personal digital assistant (PDA), portable computer, pager, portable multimedia player, portable gaming console, laptop computer, tablet computer, a wearable device, and an electronic reader.

[0082] A “wearable device” or “wearable sensor” relates to miniature electronic devices that are worn by the user including those under, within, with or on top of clothing and are part of a broader general class of wearable technology which includes “wearable computers” which in contrast are directed to general or special purpose information technologies and media development. Such wearable devices and / or wearable sensors may include, but not be limited to, smartphones, smart watches, e-textiles, smart shirts, activity trackers, smart glasses, environmental sensors, medical sensors, biological sensors, physiological sensors, chemical sensors, ambient environment sensors, position sensors, neurological sensors, drug delivery systems, medical testing and diagnosis devices, and motion sensors.

[0083] “Biometric” information as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, data relating to a user characterised by data relating to a subset of conditions including, but not limited to, their environment, medical condition, biological condition, physiological condition, chemical condition, ambient environment condition, position condition, neurological condition, drug condition, and one or more specific aspects of one or more of these said conditions. Accordingly, such biometric information may include, but not be limited, blood oxygenation, blood pressure, blood flow rate, heart rate, temperate, fluidic pH, viscosity, particulate content, solids content, altitude, vibration, motion, perspiration, EEG, ECG, energy level, etc. In addition, biometric information may include data relating to physiological characteristics related to the shape and / or condition of the body wherein examples may include, but are not limited to, fingerprint, facial geometry, baldness, DNA, hand geometry, odour, and scent. Biometric information may also include data relating to behavioral characteristics, including but not limited to, typing rhythm, gait, and voice.

[0084] A “scaffold” or “scaffolds” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a structure that is used to hold up, interface with, or support another material or element(s). This includes, but is not limited to, such two-dimensional (2D) structures such as substrates and films, three-dimensional (3D) structures such as geometrical objects, non-geometrical objects, combinations of geometrical and non-geometrical objects, naturally occurring structural configurations, and synthetic structural configurations. A scaffold may be solid, hollow, and porous or a combination thereof. A scaffold may contain recesses, pores, openings, holes, vias, and channels or a combination thereof. A scaffold may be smooth, textured, have predetermined surface profiles and / or features. A scaffold may be intended to support one or more other materials, one or more films, a multilayer film, one type of particle, multiple types of particles etc. A scaffold may include, but not be limited to, a spine of a device and / or a framework, for example, which also supports a shell and / or a casing.

[0085] A “shell” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a structure that is used to contain and / or surround at least partially and / or fully a number of elements within strap systems and/or portions of the strap system according to embodiments of the invention. A shell may include, but not limited to, a part or parts that are mounted to, attached to, and/or surround all or part of a scaffold or scaffolds that support elements within a device according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0086] A “casing” or “skin” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a structure surrounding a scaffold and / or shell. This includes structures typically formed from an elastomer and / or silicone to provide a desired combination of physical tactile surface properties to the device it forms part of and other properties including, but not limited to, hermeticity, liquid ingress barrier, solid particulate ingress barrier, surface sheen, and colour. A casing may include, but not limited to, a part or parts that are mounted to a scaffold or scaffolds and / or a casing or casings forming part of a device according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0087] A “plastic” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a synthetic or semisynthetic organic compound which may include, but are not limited to, one or more polyesters, one or more thermoplastics, one or more thermosetting polymers, one or more elastomers, and one or more silicones. A plastic may exploit the one or more materials discretely or in combination with one or more materials to adjust the plastics physical properties such as graphite fibers, aramid fibers, etc.

[0088] A "resin" as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, a solid or highly viscous substance which is typically convertible into polymers. Resins may be plant-derived or synthetic in origin.

[0089] A "polymer" as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits. Such polymers may be natural and synthetic and typically created via polymerization of multiple monomers. Polymers through their large molecular mass may provide unique physical properties, including toughness, viscoelasticity, and a tendency to form glasses and semi-crystalline structures rather than crystals.

[0090] A “polyester” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in their main chain. This includes, but is not limited to polyesters which are naturally occurring chemicals as well as synthetics through step-growth polymerization, for example. Polyesters may be biodegradable or not. Polyesters may be a thermoplastic or thermoset or resins cured by hardeners. Polyesters may be aliphatic, semi-aromatic or aromatic. Polyesters may include, but not be limited to, those exploiting polyglycolide, polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyethylene adipate (PEA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).

[0091] A “thermoplastic” or “thermosoftening plastic” as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to a category of polymers that become pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and solidify upon cooling. Thermoplastics may include, but not be limited, polycarbonate (PC), polyether sulfone (PES), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly vinyl chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimide (PI), polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), polychlorotrifluoroethene (PCTFE or PTFCE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), and perfluoro alkoxy alkane (PF A).

[0092] An “aramid” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to an aromatic polyamide. Aramids are a class of materials fibers in which the chain molecules are highly oriented along the fiber axis, so the strength of the chemical bond can be exploited. Examples include, but are not limited to fibers distributed under brand names such as Kevlar™, Technora™, Twaron™, Heracron™, Nomex™, Innegra S™ and Vectran™ as well as nylon and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0093] A “metal” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a material that has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Such materials may be malleable and / or fusible and / or ductile. Metals may include, but not be limited to, aluminum, nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium, silver, gold, platinum, iron, zinc, titanium, and alloys thereof such as bronze, stainless steel, brass, and phosphor bronze.

[0094] A “silicone” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a polymer that includes any inert, synthetic compound made up of repeating units of siloxane. [0095] An “elastomeric” material or “elastomer” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a material, generally a polymer, with viscoelasticity. Elastomers may include, but not be limited to, unsaturated rubbers such as polyisoprene, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, fluoroelastomers, perfluoroelastomers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

[0096] “Rubber” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to either natural rubber comprising poly -cis-isoprene or “synthetic rubber” which refers to a subset of elastomers made from various petroleum-based monomers. Synthetic rubbers may include styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) derived from the copolymerization of styrene and 1,3-butadiene or other synthetic rubbers prepared from isoprene (2-methyl- 1,3-butadiene), chloroprene (2-chloro- 1,3- butadiene), and isobutylene (methylpropene) with a small percentage of isoprene for crosslinking.

[0097] A “magnetic material” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a material that produces a magnetic field or reacts to a magnetic field. A magnetic material may be within embodiments of the invention be ferromagnetic or paramagnetic in order to provide a magnetic force between two elements formed from magnetic materials to keep the elements together until a certain level of force is applied to overcome the magnetic force between the elements.

[0098] A “permanent magnetic material” or “magnet” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic material. Such permanent materials also being referred to as ferromagnetic materials or ferrimagnetic materials. These may be magnetically soft materials which can be magnetised but do not tend to stay magnetised or magnetically hard materials which do stay magnetised. Such permanent magnetic materials may include, but are not limited to, a ferromagnetic material such as iron; nickel; cobalt; ferrite; alnico, a family of iron alloys composed primarily of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) but may also include copper (Cu) and titanium (Ti); some alloys of rare-earth metals such as those based around neodymium (e.g. Nd2Fel4B), samarium-cobalt (e.g. SmCo5 and Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)7, and strontium-ferrite (Sr-ferrite).

[0099] A “paramagnetic material” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a material that is attracted to either pole of a magnet. Such paramagnetic materials may include, but not be limited to, steel, platinum and aluminum. A magnetic ferrofluid comprising ferromagnetic particles suspended in a fluid, such as a liquid, mixture of liquids, gas, or mixture of gases, are sometimes considered paramagnetic since they cannot be magnetized permanently in terms of having defined magnetic poles relative to the object the ferrofluid is disposed within. [00100] A “magnetic element” as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to an element forming part of an embodiment of the invention which is formed from a magnetic material. The magnetic material may be a permanent magnetic material or a paramagnetic material.

[00101] The term “flexible,” as used herein, refers to the ability of a body that is capable of being bent or flexed and refers to the ability of a body that has been subjected to an external force to return to its original size and/or shape once the external force has been removed or reduced to below a particular level. Something that is flexible can be, for example, resilient or malleable. A “flexible” material, such as a rubber for example, may be characterised by a low Young’s modulus.

[00102] The term “resilient,” as used herein, refers to the ability of a body that has been subjected to an external force to recover, or substantially recover, its original size and/or shape, following deformation. The term “malleable,” as used herein, refers to the ability of a body that has been subjected to an external force to deform and maintain, or substantially maintain, the deformed size and/or shape. Accordingly, a malleable material supports plastic deformation. A resilient material, such as polytetrafluorethylene for example, may be characterised by a moderate Young’s modulus. A rigid material, for example steel, may be characterised by a high Young’s modulus but may under appropriate conditions undergo plastic deformation.

[00103] “Additive manufacturing” (AM) as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, a process or processes used to create a three-dimensional object in which layers of material are formed under computer control. Commonly referred to as “3D printing” the processes of AM are currently defined in ISO/ASTM52900-15 defines several categories of AM processes although others may also be viewed as AM processes. These categories being binder jetting, directed energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination and vat photopolymerization. “3D printers” exploiting custom “inkjet” print heads are a special application of plastic extrusion known as fused deposition modelling. AM processes may be applied to plastics, ceramics, and metals. AM processes for AM sintering or melting include selective laser sintering, direct metal laser sintering, and selective laser melting whilst those for deposition may include microcasting and sprayed materials. In some instances, sacrificial and/or support materials may be employed in conjunction with AM processes to achieve the desired geometry and/or combination of materials.

[00104] “Non-additive manufacturing” (NAM) as used herein and throughout this disclosure, refers to, but is not limited to, a process or processes used to create a three- dimensional object by subtractive or transformative manufacturing. NAM processes may include, but not be limited to, hydroforming, stamping, injection molding, casting, machining, and welding.

[00105] Within the following description with respect to embodiments of the invention a material may be referred to as being “hard.” A “hard” material being one having a high elastic modulus, i.e. a high force per unit area is needed to achieve a given amount of distortion. Within the following description a material defined as being “soft.” A “soft” material being one having a low elastic modulus, i.e. a low force per unit area is needed to achieve a given amount of distortion. This elastic modulus typically being the material’s Young’s modulus which describes tensile elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform along an axis when opposing forces are applied along that axis or alternatively the material’s bulk modulus which describes volumetric elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform in all directions when uniformly loaded in all directions. The bulk modulus is an extension of Young's modulus to three dimensions and is the inverse of a materials compressibility.

[00106] Within the following description “durometer” refers to a material's rating on a Durometer scale, e.g. its Shore hardness, which relates to the hardness of certain materials, typically polymers, elastomers, and rubbers. Higher numbers on the Durometer scale indicate a greater resistance to indentation and thus harder materials whilst lower numbers indicate less resistance and softer materials.

[00107] It would be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the terms “hard” and “soft” are relative in that, for example, plastic is hard relative to an elastomer but is soft relative to steel. Accordingly, the terms are not intended to limit the materials employed in providing interfaces that come into contact with one being “hard” and the other “soft.”

[00108] “Elastic modulus” (also known as modulus of elasticity) as used herein, and throughout this disclosure, refers to a material’s resistance to being deformed elastically (i.e., non-permanently) when a stress is applied to it. The elastic modulus of a material is defined as the slope of its stress-strain curve within its elastic deformation region. Stiffer materials will have a higher elastic modulus. The three primary elastic moduli are Young's modulus, which describes a material’s tensile elasticity; shear modulus or modulus of rigidity which describes a material’s tendency to shear; bulk modulus which describes a material’s volumetric elasticity; as well as Poisson's ratio, Lame's first parameter, and P-wave modulus.

[00109] Adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user are considered function or utilitarian in nature. From the manufacturers viewpoint they are items added to the apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user for functional purposes where cost is generally a major factor leading to a range of low cost metal and/or plastic mechanisms being employed today such as zips, buttons, snappers and hook-and-loop strips. These may be sewn, rivetted, glued, epoxied or employ demountable fittings which are intended for irregular use such as a spring-bar as familiar upon watches etc. [00110] However, in many instances it would be beneficial for a brand to leverage itself into the adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user so that the user can make a statement, be that a fashion statement, a political statement, a brand statement or a lifestyle statement.

[00111] It would be beneficial to make such branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user to be adjustable such that the user can employ them with multiple items of apparel, wearable devices, etc. as well as allowing for the same of an adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user that accommodates different sizes.

[00112] Accordingly, where an adjustment and closure mechanism can be employed across multiple items of apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user then a user may consider such branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanisms as an item they are willing to invest financially into where the purely functional and utilitarian adjustment and closure mechanisms of the prior art are designed for lowest cost to the manufacturer.

[00113] Accordingly, a user may be willing to invest into a branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanism that they can employ across multiple items of a single common type of apparel, wearable device and other item worn or used by a user. A user may employ a common branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanism with multiple baseball caps for example. Accordingly, a user may be willing to invest more in an adjustment and closure mechanism that they can employ across multiple items of a single common type of apparel, wearable device and other item worn by a user or can be used with different items of apparel together with one or more wearable devices and/or other items worn or used by the user.

[00114] Accordingly, a user may be willing to invest in a branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanism that they can employ across multiple items of multiple types of apparel, wearable device and other item worn by a user. A user may employ a common branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanism with multiple baseball caps as well as for closing a neck portion of other items of clothing such as hoodies, jackets etc. for example. [00115] Accordingly, a user may be willing to invest into a branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanism that they can employ across multiple items of multiple types across multiple categories of apparel, wearable device and other item worn by a user. A user may employ a common branded or stylistically designed adjustment and closure mechanism with multiple baseball caps, a smart watch, a wearable device, and items of jewelry. [00116] Within the following description with respect to Figures 2 to 34 adjustment and closure mechanisms for apparel, wearable devices and other items worn by a user are described and depicted with respect to a hat fastenings, commonly referred to as hat straps. However, it would be apparent to one of skill in the art that the underlying design concepts and design methodologies described in respect of Figures 2 to 35 may be applied to other adjustment and closure mechanisms for one or more other items of apparel as well as being adapted to wearable devices and other items worn by a user.

[00117] Referring to Figure 1 there are depicted first to ninth Images 110 to 160 respectively of hat straps as known in the art. These being:

• First Image 110 representing a hook-and-loop mechanism, such a mechanism commonly being referred to by the tradename of Velcro™;

• Second Image 115 representing a metal buckle with “tuck-in” for the free end of the strap;

• Third Image 120 representing a metal belt buckle;

• Fourth Image 125 representing a metal buckle without “tuck-in”;

• Fifth Image 130 representing a plastic snap mechanism with a series of projections on one part where one or more of these projections “snap” into one or more holes in another part;

• Sixth Image 135 representing a plastic snap mechanism with a sewn-in woven branding label;

• Seventh Image 140 representing an elastic strap;

• Eighth Image 145 representing a plastic buckle; and

• Ninth Image 150 a fitted style hat where there is no adjustment.

[00118] Accordingly, each of the sizing / adjustment straps depicted in first to eighth Images 110 to 145 respectively are formed into the item of apparel, which in the instances shown in Figure 1 is a cap, such as a baseball cap. Hence, a user is limited to either the strap provided with the item of apparel or must have a custom strap / bespoke strap or special strap fitted into the item of apparel such that they can only wear the custom / bespoke / special strap with that item of apparel. Accordingly, the user is not generally going to be willing to invest significantly into a custom / bespoke / special strap.

[00119] However, if they could invest into a custom / bespoke / special strap and employ it across multiple instances of an item of apparel, e.g., multiple baseball caps, across different items, e.g., a cap and a wearable device, or across multiple instances of multiple items, e.g., multiple caps, multiple wearable devices and other items of apparel, then the user may be more inclined to invest into the custom / bespoke / special strap.

[00120] For example, a custom / bespoke / special strap may include, but not be limited to:

• a strap formed from or having portions formed from materials such as stainless steel, nickel, bronze, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, palladium, tungsten, or other metals and/or alloys, for example, as well as other materials such as jade, precious stones, gemstones, mother-of-pearl, a glass, and a ceramic for example;

• a strap formed from or having portions formed from materials coated partially or fully with higher value materials such as copper, gold, silver, palladium, or other metals and/or alloys for example;

• a strap formed from or having portions formed from natural materials, fabrics, etc. such as one or more exotic leathers (e.g., alligator, ostrich, snake, shark, stingray, kangaroo, buffalo, yak, deer, salmon, code, eel, etc.) and/or one or more furs (e.g., rabbit, coyote, boar, mink, hare, deer, beaver, alpaca, etc.);

• a strap formed from or having portions formed from one or more natural materials in sheet, strip or fiber form such as wood, laminated wood, cork, bamboo, silk, palm(s),

• a strap formed from or having portions formed from a material within which or upon which are one or more high value items such as a diamond, a ruby, an emerald, an opal, a sapphire, a precious metal, a gemstone, and a precious stone for example;

• a strap formed from or having portions formed from a material within which or upon which are one or more items of sentimental or personal value to the wearer such as baby hair, spouses’ hair, a child’s tooth, a lost tooth, and a part of an item of sporting equipment (e.g. a splinter from a famous player’s club, stick, bat etc.) for example;

• a strap formed from or having portions formed from materials in a unique design by a designer or artist; • a strap forming part of a limited edition sold by a retailer, manufacturer, designer, artist etc. for example;

• a strap having one or more active elements disposed within such as one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs), one or more display elements (e.g. LED display(s), or liquid crystal display(s), plasma display(s), etc.), one or more communications interfaces (e.g. wireless and/or wired) wherein the strap may be viewed as a wearable device in and of its own right; and

• a strap having one or more sensor elements disposed within it in conjunction with other electronics such as one or more communications interfaces (e.g. wireless and/or wired), digital memory, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, etc. wherein the strap may be viewed as a wearable device in and of its own right.

[00121] Now referring to Figure 2 there is depicted a Clasp 200 forming an element of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention. As depicted the Clasp 200, according to an embodiment of the invention comprises a body with two openings within it when the dimensions of the openings allow a strap, such as Strap 400, to be inserted through each opening.

[00122] Referring to Figure 3 there is depicted a Latch 300 forming an element of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention. As depicted the Latch 300 allows a loop, such as Loop 420 of Strap 400, to be inserted into the retaining portion of the Latch 300. The Latch 300 being formed fully or partially from a compliant or deformable material such that the Loop 420 can be inserted with a certain level of force but cannot be removed until another level of force is applied, which is established to be typically above that applied to the Strap 400 during normal use and/or adjustment.

[00123] Now referring to Figure 4A there is depicted a Strap 400 forming an element of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention. As depicted in first Image 400A, a view of one side of the Strap 400, the Strap 400 comprises a Magnetic Attachment 410, a Loop 420, and a Band 430. Within second Image 400B of the other side of the Strap 400 the Magnetic Attachment 410, the Loop 420, and the Band 430 are again depicted as is Magnet 440 within the Magnetic Attachment 410.

[00124] Within an embodiment of the invention the Band 430 comprises one or more magnetic elements formed within it either as continuous elements or as a series of discrete elements such that the Magnet 440 within the Magnetic Attachment 410 can establish a magnetic attraction between the Magnet 440 and a subset of the one or more magnetic elements such that the Strap 400 forms an adjustment and closure mechanism for an item of apparel, a wearable device or other item worn by a user. Optionally, within other embodiments of the invention the Magnetic Attachment 410 may incorporate two or more Magnets 440 which may have common magnetic pole orientations relative to each other or have different magnetic pole orientations between them.

[00125] For example, Magnetic Attachment 410 may incorporate two Magnets 440, one with its north (N) pole orientated perpendicular to the Band 430 in one direction and the other with its south (S) pole orientated perpendicular to the Band 430 in the same direction, one direction. In this configuration a magnetic loop may be formed from the N pole of the first magnet to the S pole of the other magnet through the Band 430 increasing the retention force between the Magnetic Attachment 410 and Band 430.

[00126] Referring to Figure 4B there are depicted third and fourth Images 400C and 400D respectively of an attachment means for a strap forming an element of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention to another element forming part of the adjustment and closure mechanism attached to an item of apparel or wearable device. Considering third Image 400C the attachment of the Strap 400 to the Latch 300 is depicted wherein when assembled together the Latch 300 fits through the opening within the Loop 420 portion of the Strap 400. The Latch 300 as described above being formed fully or partially from a compliant or deformable material such that the Loop 420 can be inserted with a certain level of force but cannot be removed until another level of force is applied, which is established to be typically above that applied to the Strap 400 during normal use and/or adjustment.

[00127] Referring to fourth Image 400D the strap, such as Strap 400, is now depicted attached to the Latch 300 and an Item Loop 450. As depicted the Loop 420 is again attached to the Latch 300 but the Band 430 is now inserted through the Item Loop 450 such that the Magnetic Attachment 410 returns over part of the Band 430 and magnetically couples to the Band 430. Whilst the configuration depicted in Figure 4B does not employ a Clasp 200 other embodiments of the invention may employ a Clasp 200 to keep the portions of the Strap 400 together in a similar manner to such fittings on prior art straps.

[00128] Whilst the Strap 400 is depicted with a Magnetic Attachment 410 at an end of the Band 430 within other embodiments of the invention the Magnetic Attachment 410 may be within the length of the Band 430 of the Strap 400.

[00129] Within an embodiment of the invention the Latch 300 and Item Loop 450 may be attached to the same item of apparel or equipment such that the Strap 400 provides an adjustment and/or closure mechanism for the item of apparel or equipment. [00130] Within an embodiment of the invention the Latch 300 and Item Loop 450 may be attached to different items of apparel and/or equipment such that the Strap 400 provides an attachment means of attaching one item of apparel or equipment to another item of apparel or equipment.

[00131] Referring to Figure 5 there is depicted a system according to an embodiment of the invention allowing an adjustment and closure mechanism to be employed with multiple items of apparel and wearable devices. As depicted first to third Items 510 to 530 respectively, representing a first item of apparel, an electronic device, and another item of apparel, each have a pair of Item Loops 450 attached. Accordingly, when employed in conjunction with Strap System 540 the pair of Item Loops 450 allow the Strap System 540 to provide an adjustment and closure mechanism for first and third Items 510 and 530 respectively and an attachment means for second Item 520. The Strap System 540 as depicted comprises a Strap, such as Strap 400, with Magnetic Attachment 410, Loop 420, and Band 430 together with Clasp 200. However, the Clasp 200 may be omitted within other instances of the Strap System 540.

[00132] Now referring to Figure 6 there is depicted a system according to embodiments of the invention allowing an adjustment and closure mechanism to be employed with multiple items of apparel and wearable devices with different attachment mechanisms to that depicted in Figure 5. As depicted first to third Items 610 to 630 respectively, representing a first item of apparel, an electronic device, and another item of apparel, each have a pair of Latches 300 attached. Accordingly, when employed in conjunction with Strap System 540 the pair of Latches 300 allow the Strap System 540 to provide an adjustment and closure mechanism for first and third Items 610 and 630 respectively and an attachment means for second Item 620. The Strap System 540 as depicted comprises a Strap, such as Strap 400, with Magnetic Attachment 410, Loop 420, and Band 430 together with Clasp 200. However, the Clasp 200 may be omitted within other instances of the Strap System 540.

[00133] Referring to Figure 7 there is depicted a system according to embodiments of the invention allowing an adjustment and closure mechanism to be employed with multiple items of apparel and wearable devices with the attachment mechanisms as depicted in Figures 5 and 6. As depicted first to third Items 710 to 730 respectively, representing a first item of apparel, an electronic device, and another item of apparel, each have an Item Loop 450 attached in one location and a Latch 300 in a. Accordingly, when employed in conjunction with Strap System 540 the pair of Item Loops 450 allow the Strap System 540 to provide an adjustment and closure mechanism for first and third Items 710 and 730 respectively and an attachment means for second Item 720. The Strap System 540 as depicted comprises a Strap, such as Strap 400, with Magnetic Attachment 410, Loop 420, and Band 430 together with Clasp 200. However, the Clasp 200 may be omitted within other instances of the Strap System 540.

[00134] Within other embodiments of the invention a Latch 300 and/or Item Loop 450, which are attached to an item of apparel, electronic device etc., employed for attaching a Strap System 540 to the item of clothing, apparel, electronic device etc. may be sewn, glued or otherwise attached to the Latch 300 and/or Item Loop 450 via one or more attachment mechanisms as known in the art such as snap fasteners, button, snap-studs, hook-and-eyes etc. Within other embodiments of the invention the Item Loop 450 or Latch 300 as employed in Figures 5 to 7 for attaching the Strap System, such as Strap System 540, may be replaced with another element such as Clasp 200 for example wherein the another element provides a similar functionality of allowing the Strap System to be demountably attached.

[00135] Now referring to Figure 8 there is depicted an embodiment of the invention providing an adjustable Strap 800 with a Lobster Clasp 810. The Strap 800 employing a Magnetic Attachment 410 together with the Band 430 to which is attached the Lobster Clasp 810.

[00136] Referring to Figures 9 to 13 there are depicted embodiments of the invention employing magnetic elements within straps of adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention. Within Figure 9 a pair of Magnetic Elements 910 and 920 are depicted which couple to one or more Magnets within the Magnetic Attachment 410. As depicted the pair of Magnetic Elements 910 and 920 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the pair of Magnetic Elements 910 and 920 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. The pair of Magnetic Elements 910 and 920 may comprise a pair of magnets, a pair of magnetic elements or a magnet and a magnetic element. The pair of Magnetic Elements 910 and 920 may be with a surface of the strap and/or disposed within a body of the strap. Within other embodiments of the invention three, four or more magnetic elements may be employed.

[00137] Within Figure 10 a Magnetic Element 1010 is depicted which couple to one or more Magnets within the Magnetic Attachment 410. As depicted the Magnetic Element 1010 starts a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the Magnetic Element 1010 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. The Magnetic Element 1010 may comprise a magnet or a magnetizable element. The Magnetic Element 1010 may be with a surface of the strap and/or disposed within a body of the strap. [00138] Within Figure Il a pair of Magnetic Elements 1110 and 1120 are depicted which couple to one or more Magnets within the Magnetic Attachment 410. As depicted the pair of Magnetic Elements 1110 and 1120 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the pair of Magnetic Elements 1110 and 1120 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. The pair of Magnetic Elements 1110 and 1120 may comprise a pair of magnets, a pair of magnetic elements or a magnet and a magnetic element. The pair of Magnetic Elements 1110 and 1120 may be with a surface of the strap and/or disposed within a body of the strap. Within other embodiments of the invention three, four or more magnetic elements may be employed. In contrast to Figure 9 the set of magnetic elements are disposed to cover the length L2 but are each shorter than the length L2.

[00139] Within Figure 12 a set of Magnetic Elements 1210 are depicted which couple to one or more Magnets within the Magnetic Attachment 410. As depicted the set of Magnetic Elements 1210 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the set of Magnetic Elements 1210 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. The set of Magnetic Elements 1210 may comprise a pair of magnets, a pair of magnetic elements or a magnet and a magnetic element. The set of Magnetic Elements 1210 may be with a surface of the strap and/or disposed within a body of the strap. Within other embodiments of the invention three, four or more magnetic elements may be employed with each set of Magnetic Elements 1210.

[00140] Within Figure 13 a set of Magnetic Elements 1310 are depicted which couple to one or more Magnets within the Magnetic Attachment 410. As depicted the set of Magnetic Elements 1310 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the set of Magnetic Elements 1310 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. The set of Magnetic Elements 1310 may comprise a magnet or a magnetic elements. The set of Magnetic Elements 1310 may be with a surface of the strap and/or disposed within a body of the strap.

[00141] Now referring to Figures 14 to 18 there are depicted embodiments of the invention employing areas of different surface texture in combination with one or more magnetic elements within straps of adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention. Each strap within Figures 14 to 18 is described with respect to a surface feature. However, it would be evident that within each embodiment of the invention depicted with respect to Figures 14 to 18 the strap itself may be formed from a magnet, formed from a magnetizable material or employ magnetic elements within the surface and/or body as described above in respect of Figures 9 to 13 respectively.

[00142] Referring to Figure 14 a pair of Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 are depicted. As depicted the pair of Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the pair of Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. Each of the pair of Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 is formed upon a surface of the strap to which the magnet(s) of the Magnetic Attachment 410 may contact and accordingly may be provided on only one side of the strap or they may be provided on both sides of the strap. The pair of Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 are formed, for example, from a low durometer silicone material in contrast to the remainder of the outer surface of the strap which is formed from a high durometer silicone material. In this manner, a user would perceive each of the Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 as being “sticky”, “soft” or “tacky” in contrast to the remainder of the strap that would be perceived as “smooth” or “hard” by the user. Accordingly, each of the Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 provides friction for the magnet(s) within the Magnetic Attachment 410 when the Magnetic Attachment 410 is placed over the Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 and magnetically couples to the magnetic elements disposed within the surface and/or body of the strap as described in respect of Figures 9 to 13 respectively. Within other embodiments of the invention three, four or more surface regions may be employed.

[00143] Now referring to Figure 15 a Surface Region 1510 is depicted. As depicted the Surface Region 1510 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the Surface Region 1510 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. Each of the Surface Region 1510 is formed upon a surface of the strap to which the magnet(s) of the Magnetic Attachment 410 may contact and accordingly may be provided on only one side of the strap or they may be provided on both sides of the strap. The Surface Region 1510 are formed, for example, from a low durometer silicone material in contrast to the remainder of the outer surface of the strap which is formed from a high durometer silicone material. In this manner, a user would perceive each of the Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 as being “sticky”, “soft” or “tacky” in contrast to the remainder of the strap that would be perceived as “smooth” or “hard” by the user. Accordingly, each of the Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 provides friction for the magnet(s) within the Magnetic Attachment 410 when the Magnetic Attachment 410 is placed over the Surface Regions 1410 and 1420 and magnetically couples to the magnetic elements disposed within the surface and/or body of the strap as described in respect of Figures 9 to 13 respectively.

[00144] Referring to Figure 16 a pair of Surface Regions 1610 and 1620 are depicted. As depicted the pair of Surface Regions 1610 and 1620 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the pair of Surface Regions 1610 and 1620 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. Each of the pair of Surface Regions 1610 and 1620 is formed upon a surface of the strap to which the magnet(s) of the Magnetic Attachment 410 may contact and accordingly may be provided on only one side of the strap or they may be provided on both sides of the strap. The pair of Surface Regions 1610 and 1620 are formed, for example, from a low durometer silicone material in contrast to the remainder of the outer surface of the strap which is formed from a high durometer silicone material. In this manner, a user would perceive each of the Surface Regions 1610 and 1620 as being “sticky”, “soft” or “tacky” in contrast to the remainder of the strap that would be perceived as “smooth” or “hard” by the user. Accordingly, each of the Surface Regions 1610 and 1620 provides friction for the magnet(s) within the Magnetic Attachment 410 when the Magnetic Attachment 410 is placed over the Surface Regions 1610 and 1620 and magnetically couples to the magnetic elements disposed within the surface and/or body of the strap as described in respect of Figures 9 to 13 respectively. Within other embodiments of the invention three, four or more magnetic elements may be employed. In contrast to Figure 14 the set of surface regions are disposed over the length L2 but are each shorter than the length L2.

[00145] Now referring to Figure 17 a set of Surface Regions 1710 are depicted each comprising a pair of sub-surface regions. As depicted the set of Surface Regions 1710 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the set of Surface Regions 1710 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. Each of the set of Surface Regions 1710 is formed upon a surface of the strap to which the magnet(s) of the Magnetic Attachment 410 may contact and accordingly may be provided on only one side of the strap or they may be provided on both sides of the strap. The set of Surface Regions 1710 are formed, for example, from a low durometer silicone material in contrast to the remainder of the outer surface of the strap which is formed from a high durometer silicone material. In this manner, a user would perceive each of the set of Surface Regions 1710 as being “sticky”, “soft” or “tacky” in contrast to the remainder of the strap that would be perceived as “smooth” or “hard” by the user. Accordingly, each of the S set of Surface Regions 1710 provides friction for the magnet(s) within the Magnetic Attachment 410 when the Magnetic Attachment 410 is placed over the set of Surface Regions 1710 and magnetically couples to the magnetic elements disposed within the surface and/or body of the strap as described in respect of Figures 9 to 13 respectively. Within other embodiments of the invention three, four or more sub-surface regions may be employed.

[00146] Referring to Figure 18 a set of Surface Regions 1810 are depicted. As depicted the set of Surface Regions 1810 start a first length, LI, from the end of the strap with the Magnetic Attachment 410 and run for a second length, L2, such that there is a third length, L3, without the set of Surface Regions 1810 at the distal end of the strap from the Magnetic Attachment 410. Each of the set of Surface Regions 1810 is formed upon a surface of the strap to which the magnet(s) of the Magnetic Attachment 410 may contact and accordingly may be provided on only one side of the strap or they may be provided on both sides of the strap. The set of Surface Regions 1810 are formed, for example, from a low durometer silicone material in contrast to the remainder of the outer surface of the strap which is formed from a high durometer silicone material. In this manner, a user would perceive each of the set of Surface Regions 1810 as being “sticky”, “soft” or “tacky” in contrast to the remainder of the strap that would be perceived as “smooth” or “hard” by the user. Accordingly, each of the set of Surface Regions 1810 provides friction for the magnet(s) within the Magnetic Attachment 410 when the Magnetic Attachment 410 is placed over the set of Surface Regions 1810 and magnetically couples to the magnetic elements disposed within the surface and/or body of the strap as described in respect of Figures 9 to 13 respectively.

[00147] Within the preceding description with respect to embodiments of the invention the magnetic attachment portion, e.g. Magnetic Attachment 410 in Figures 4 to 18, employs one or more magnets within it that are disposed to contact a strap formed from a magnetic material or comprising magnetic materials or magnetizable materials within portions of the strap. These one or more magnets may be disposed in a surface of the Magnetic Attachment 410, with a body of the Magnetic Attachment 410 centrally disposed with respect to opposite faces of the Magnetic Attachment 410, disposed asymmetrically with respect to opposite faces of the Magnetic Attachment 410 such that the magnet(s) are closer to one face than another or disposed asymmetrically with respect to opposite faces of the Magnetic Attachment 410 such that the some magnets are closer to one face than the remaining magnets which are closer to another face. [00148] However, referring to Figures 19 there is depicted an embodiment of the invention employing a Clamping Magnetic Attachment (CMA) 1900 as part of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention. As depicted the CMA 1900 comprises a first Magnet 1920 within a first Body 1910 disposed on one side of the Strap 1960 and a second Magnet 1940 within a second Body 1950 disposed on the other side of the Strap 1960. The first Body 1910 and second Body 1950 are coupled via first and second Deformable Elements 1930 and 1935 at each edge of the Strap 1960.

[00149] Within an embodiment of the invention the first Magnet 1920 and second Magnet 1940 are disposed such that they attract one another such that they clamp onto the Strap 1930 which may be formed from a non-magnetic material. Within another embodiment of the invention the first Magnet 1920 and second Magnet 1940 are each attracted to a magnetic material or magnets within the strap. This may be a common magnetic element for both the first Magnet 1920 and second Magnet 1940, e.g. Magnetic Element 1010 in Figure 10, or different magnetic elements for each of the first Magnet 1920 and second Magnet 1940, such as the pair of Magnetic Elements 910 and 920 in Figure 10.

[00150] It would be evident that other configurations may be considered such as using two or more portions of the CMA 1900 across the width of one or both sides of the strap.

[00151] It would be evident that other configurations may be considered such as using two or more portions of the CMA 1900 along one or both sides of the strap.

[00152] It would be evident that other configurations may be considered such as using two or more portions of the CMA 1900 that are disposed at different positions relative to one another across and along one or both sides of the strap.

[00153] Referring to Figure 20 there is depicted a clamping attachment as depicted in Figure 19 forming part of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention in two exemplary configurations relative to the length of the strap. First Image 2000A depicts a configuration where the two portions of the CMA 1900 are disposed at the same position along the length of the Strap 1960. Second Image 2000B depicts a configuration where the two portions of the CMA 1900 are disposed at different positions along the length of the Strap 1960. Third Image 2000C depicts a configuration where the two portions of the CMA 1900 are disposed at different positions across the width of the Strap 1960 rather than symmetrically disposed as depicted in Figure 19. The asymmetric lateral disposition in third Image 2000C may be employed with either of the configurations in first and second Images 2000 A and 2000B respectively. [00154] Now referring to Figure 21 there are depicted first to third Images 2100A to 2100C respectively depicting different strap systems according to embodiments of the invention. In first Image 2100A a strap according to an embodiment of the invention is depicted comprising Magnetic Attachment 410, Band 430 and Hook 2110.

[00155] Second Image 2100B depicts an alternate strap according to an embodiment of the invention comprising a Magnetic Attachment 410, Band 430 and Male Element 2120 which engages with a Female Element 2130 on an item, wherein the Male Element 2120 and Female Element 2130 form a snap-buckle. Optionally, the strap may have the Female Element 2130 to engage with a Male Element 2120 on an item.

[00156] Third Image 2100C depicts an alternate strap according to an embodiment of the invention comprising a Magnetic Attachment 410, Band 430 and D-Ring 2140 which may engage with a hook or latch on the item.

[00157] Referring to Figure 22 there is depicted an alternate embodiment of a Strap System 2200 according to an embodiment of the invention to provide an attachment, closure or adjustment for an item such as described and depicted in Figures 5 to 7 respectively. As depicted the Strap System 2200 comprises a Magnetic Attachment 410, Loop 420 and Band 430 as described and depicted above. The Loop 420 engaging against a Latch 300. In contrast to the embodiments of the invention described and depicted in Figures 5 to 7 the Band 430 loops through a first Strap Loop 2220 which is attached to a second Band 2230. The other end of the second Band 2240 being attached to a second Strap Loop 2220 which engages with another Latch 300. Accordingly, the Band 430 with Magnetic Attachment 410 and Loop 420 provides an adjustment / closure mechanism.

[00158] It would be evident to one of skill in the art that the Strap System 2200 may exploit other aspects of the invention as described and depicted above.

[00159] Referring to Figure 23 there are depicted first and second Image 2300A and 2300B of a Ring Element 2320 forming part of an item of Apparel 2310 for demountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention. In first Image 2300A a single Ring Element 2320 is employed wherein a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention is looped through the Ring Element 2320 being attached to the other side or portion of the item of Apparel 2310 by another means such as described and depicted with respect to embodiments of the invention within this specification. In second Image 2300B two Ring Elements 2320 are employed one on each side or portion of the item of Apparel 2310 such that a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention is simply looped through both and a magnetic retention means such as described with respect to embodiments of the invention maintains the strap system according to an embodiment of the invention in position at the user established spacing, gap or separation.

[00160] Third Image 2300C depicts one means of implementing the Ring Element 2320 as a grommet, also known as an eyelet. The Ring Element 2310 may be generally flared or collared on each side to retain it in place and may be made of metal, plastic, alloy, ceramic or rubber for example.

[00161] Now referring to Figures 24 and 25 there are depicted hook based elements for demountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to Figure 24 there is depicted a Hook 2430 attached to an end of a first Strap 2420 where the distal end of the first Strap 2410 ends in Magnetic Attachment 2410 which is looped and demountably attached to the first Strap 2410 as it is magnetic itself or has magnets disposed within it as described within this specification with respect to other embodiments of the invention. The Hook 2430 is also depicted attached to a second Strap 2440 which has at its distal end a Loop 2450 as described within this specification with respect to other embodiments of the invention. The Hook 2430 as depicted in the inset comprises Body 2430A and a Spring Bar 2430B allowing the Hook 2430 to be demountably employed where the Spring Bar 2430B is deployed through an opening within the end of the first Strap 2420 or second Strap 2440, then sprung into retaining elements of the Body 2430A. Subsequently, the Spring Bar 2430B can be removed from the Body 2430A.

[00162] Now referring to Figure 25 there is depicted a Hook 2530 attached to an end of a first Strap 2520 where the distal end of the first Strap 2520 ends in Magnetic Attachment 2510 which is looped and demountably attached to the first Strap 2510 as it is magnetic itself or has magnets disposed within it as described within this specification with respect to other embodiments of the invention. The Hook 2530 is also depicted attached to a second Strap 2550 which has at its distal end a Loop 2540 as described within this specification with respect to other embodiments of the invention.

[00163] The Hook 2530 as depicted in the inset comprises Body 2570B and a Clip 2570A. The Clip 2530 A may be a deformable element with an opening allowing the end of the strap, e.g. first Strap 2520 or second Strap 2550, to be inserted into the opening wherein the Clip 2570A is crimped or otherwise compressed to clamp the end of the strap. Optionally, within an embodiment of the invention the Clip 2570A may be magnetic such that is magnetically attaches to a first Strap 2520. Alternatively, a One-Piece Hook 2560 may be employed which is magnetic and single piece for magnetic attachment to a first Strap 2520. Optionally, the One-Piece Hook 2560 may be molded into the end of the strap during its manufacture. [00164] Within another embodiment of the invention the Clip 2570A is clamped (i.e. crimped) to the first Strap 2520 and incorporates a spring bar, such as Spring Bar 2430B in Figure 24, which is employed to connect the Body 2570B to the Clip 2570A. Optionally, the Clip 2570A may be welded, soldered, glued or otherwise attached to the first Strap 2520 discretely or in combination with the clamping.

[00165] Within another embodiment of the invention the Clip 2570A is clamped (i.e. crimped) to the second Strap 2550 and incorporates a spring bar, such as Spring Bar 2430B in Figure 24, which is employed to connect the Body 2570B to the Clip 2570A. Optionally, the Clip 2570A may be welded, soldered, glued or otherwise attached to the second Strap 2550 discretely or in combination with the clamping according to the material of the second Strap 2550 at the end to which the Clip 2570A attaches.

[00166] Within Figure 23 a Ring Element 2320 was described and depicted allowing a strap according to an embodiment of the invention to be looped through. Referring to Figure 26 there is depicted in first Image 2600A an alternate embodiment of a ring element forming part of an item of apparel for demountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention wherein a Ring 2610 is attached to the item. For example, the Ring 2610 may be stitched, glued, soldered, welded, or otherwise attached according to its material and the material(s) of the item to which it is being attached. For example, second Image 2600B depicts a design of a ring, such as Ring 2610, wherein the ring is a single injection molded piece with a Ring Portion 2620 and a Body Portion 2630 extending away from the Ring Portion 2620. The Body Portion 2630 being the part of the ring which is attached to the item. The Body Portion 2630 and Ring Portion 2620 may be the same material or different materials.

[00167] Third Image 2600C depicts an alternate design wherein the Ring Portion 2640 and Body Portion 2650 are maintained but the Ring Portion 2640 now includes within it a Pillar 2660 formed across the width of the inner opening of the Ring Portion 2640. The strap may therefore be looped through the Ring Portion 2640 twice around the Pillar 2660. The Pillar 2660 surface may be textured to enhance frictional engagement with the strap, e.g. knurled. Within embodiments of the invention the Body Portion 2630, Ring Portion 2620 and the Pillar 2660 may be the same material or formed from two or more materials.

[00168] Fourth Image 2600D depicts another design within the Ring Portion 2670 is formed and the Body Portion 2680 is looped around the Ring Portion 2670 to retain the Ring Portion 2670. Optionally, the Ring Portion 2670 and Body Portion 2680 may be formed discretely prior to attachment to the item of assembled at the same time as they are to the item. Optionally, Body Portion 2680 may form part of the item itself, e.g. be a piece of fabric which is looped around the Ring 2670 and is then glued or stitched for example.

[00169] Now referring to Figure 27A there are depicted first to third Images 2700A to 2700C of a secondary adjustment strap for the demountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention allowing wider ranges of adjustment overall than provided by the strap or utilization of shorter straps. Within first Image 2700A exemplary first and second Straps 2710 and 2730 are depicted ending in first and second Loops 2720 and 2740 respectively. The first and second Loops 2720 and 2740 respectively being depicted magnified. [00170] In second Image 2700B the attachment process is depicted schematically wherein a distal end of a strap from the loop, e.g. first or second Loop 2720 and 2740 respectively, is looped through a fitting on the item, e.g. a Ring Element as described and depicted in Figures 23 and 26 for example.

[00171] Then the end of the strap with the loop, e.g. first or second Loop 2720 and 2740 respectively, is slid within the item which may be through a ring, loop, hook etc. to retain the strap in position at the end of the item. A Free Portion 2770 of a Secondary Strap is threaded through the loop and then retained against an Attached Portion 2780 of the Secondary Strap. As depicted in third Image 2700C the end of the Free Portion 2770 ends in a Hook-and-Loop Section 2760 which engages against a hook-and-loop surface of the Attached Portion 2780.

[00172] The Secondary Strap may be entirely within the item and not visible externally or it may extend and be visible according to the overall sizing / closure required. In this manner a strap may be employed with an item where the attachment now supports a distance between the two ends of item or the two items which is larger than the length of the strap whilst allowing the strap to be employed with other items discretely. Optionally, this method allows for short straps to be employed on some items directly and other items in combination with the Secondary Strap. Optionally, a short lower cost strap may be sold to a user which is employed with Secondary Straps on some or all items they use it with.

[00173] Now referring to Figure 27B there are depicted first to third Images 2700D to 2700E of a secondary adjustment strap for the demountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention allowing wider ranges of adjustment overall than provided by the strap or utilization of shorter straps. Within first Image 2700D of Figure 27B exemplary first and second Straps 2810 and 2830 are depicted ending in first and second Hooks 2820 and 2840 respectively. The first and second Loops 2820 and 2840 respectively being depicted magnified. [00174] In second Image 2700E of Figure 27B the attachment process is depicted schematically wherein a distal end of a strap from the hook, e.g. first or second Hook 2820 and 2840 respectively, is looped through a right enclosure on a right hand side of an item of apparel, as depicted a cap, then through a grommet on a left hand side of the item of apparel. The hook, e.g. first or second Hook 2820 and 2840 respectively, is hooked onto a Ribbon 2850 disposed within the right hand side of the item of apparel as depicted in third Image 2700F.

[00175] Referring to Figure 28 there is depicted the Secondary Strap of Figure 27A attached to an inner surface of a hat within an embodiment of the invention. The Free Portion 2770, Hook-and-Foop Section 2760 and Attached Portion 2780 being visible. The Secondary Strap may be attached in different manners, such as stitched, glued, soldered, welded, or otherwise attached according to the material(s) of the Attached Portion 2780 and the material(s) of the item to which it is being attached. Whilst a hook-and-loop retention means of the Free Portion 2770 to the Attached Portion 2780 is depicted other means may be employed as known in the art.

[00176] Now referring to Figure 29 there is depicted an attachment means formed within an item of apparel for the attachment of a hook-based element of strap system according to an embodiment of the invention such as depicted in Figures 24 and 25 respectively. Accordingly, a Strap 2920 ends with a Hook 2930 which may be a Hook 2430 or Hook 2530 as depicted in Figures 24 and 25 respectively. Disposed upon the item is a Loop Element 2910 which provides multiple points along its length for the attachment of the Hook 2930. For example, the Loop Element 2910 may be a piece of material with undulating surface attached to the item such that the undulations provide the points of attachment of the Hook 2930. The Loop Element 2910 may alternatively be two pieces with one piece undulating so that undulations of the one piece relative to the other piece provide a series of points of attachment of the Hook 2930. Optionally, the Loop Element 2910 may be a series of discrete loops attached to the item.

[00177] Referring to Figure 35 there are depicted Front and Side Views 3500A and 3500B respectively of a demountable attachment means for a strap forming part of a strap system according to an embodiments of the invention. Within Figures 27 A to 29 a distal end of a strap from a magnetic fitting is depicted and being described as being used in conjunction with a fitting such as a Secondary Strap or Ribbon so that a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention may be employed to support use with different overall ranges of closure than those supported by a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention discretely. This may be to enable use with different items of apparel etc., different sizes etc. with strap systems according to embodiments of the invention or to allow short strap systems according to embodiments of the invention that would be otherwise costly, e.g. due to materials, finishes, etc., to be employed.

[00178] Within Figure 35 an alternate design for attaching the distal end to the magnetic attachment element of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention is depicted. As depicted in Front and Side Views 3500A and 3500B respectively a Strap 3540 has a Pillar 3530 disposed at its end, the other distal end of the Strap 3540 ending with a magnetic attachment element as described with respect to embodiments of the invention. A Rack 3510 is attached to an item or retained within a portion of the item where the Rack 3510 comprises a series of Hooks 3520 disposed along its length wherein the Pillar 3530 “hooks” into the selected Hook(s) 3520 along the length of the Rack 3510.

[00179] As depicted in Front View 3500A the Hooks 3520 comprise two columns of Hooks 3520. Within other embodiments of the invention a single column of Hooks 3520 may be employed or there may be 3 or more columns. Similarly, the Pillar 3530 may be a single element a pair of elements or three or more elements where each element “hooks” to a Hook 3520 within a defined column.

[00180] Optionally, the Rack 3510 may be a magnet and Pillar 3530 a magnetic element such that magnetic retention force retains the Pillar 3530 into position whilst the Hooks 3520 provide mechanical retention particularly along the direction of applied force as the strap system is employed and used. Optionally, the Rack 3510 may be a magnetic element and Pillar 3530 a magnet.

[00181] Now referring to Figure 30 there are depicted cross-sections of exemplary first to sixth Images 3000A to 3000F respectively for magnetic attachment elements of strap systems according to embodiments of the invention. As depicted the first to sixth Images 3000A to 3000F relate to an end of the strap portion of the strap system according to embodiments of the invention.

[00182] First Image 3000A: wherein an End Portion 3020A is attached to the Strap Body 3005 having a Magnetic Element 3010 disposed within the End Portion 3020A and a Friction Element 3030 disposed on a surface of the End Portion 3020A where the Friction Element 3030 when disposed against the body of the strap to which the End Portion 3020A is coupled to increases a magnitude of a force which would have to be applied to the assembly to make the End Portion 3020A move relative to the strap. As depicted the Friction Element 3030 extends below the Strap Body 3005.

[00183] Second Image 3000B: wherein an End Portion 3020B is attached to the Strap Body 3005 having the Magnetic Element 3010 disposed within the End Portion 3020B and a Friction Element 3030 disposed on a surface of the End Portion 3020B where the Friction Element 3030 when disposed against the body of the strap to which the End Portion 3020B is coupled to increases a magnitude of a force which would have to be applied to the assembly to make the End Portion 3020A move relative to the strap. As depicted the Friction Element 3030 does not extend below the Strap Body 3005 such that the Strap Body 3005 is against the strap.

[00184] Third Image 3000C wherein an End Portion 3020C is attached to the Strap Body 3005 having the Magnetic Element 3010 disposed within the End Portion 3020C. The End Portion 3020C is now around a Tab 3040 which extends from the end of the Strap Body 3005. Optionally, a friction element such as Friction Element 3030 may disposed on the End Portion 3030C to either project below the strap, as in first Image 3000A, or End Portion 3020C is modified such that it does not project below the strap, as in second Image 3000B.

[00185] Fourth Image 3000D wherein an End Portion 3020D is attached to the Strap Body 3005 having the Magnetic Element 3010 disposed within the End Portion 3020D. Within this embodiment a Friction Element 3050 is disposed upon another portion of the Strap 3005, or another element to which the End Portion 3020D is to be attached. The Friction Element 3050 when disposed against the body of the Strap 3005 to which the End Portion 3020D is coupled to increases a magnitude of a force which would have to be applied to the assembly to make the End Portion 3020D move relative to the Strap 3005.

[00186] Fifth Image 3000E wherein an End Portion 3020E is attached to the Strap Body 3005 having the Magnetic Element 3010 disposed within the End Portion 3020E. Disposed upon an end of the End Portion 3020E distal to the Strap Body 3005 is a Friction Element 3060. The Friction Element 3060 when disposed against the body of the strap, or other item, to which the End Portion 3020E is coupled to increases a magnitude of a force which would have to be applied to the assembly to make the End Portion 3020E move relative to the strap or other item. [00187] Sixth Image 3000F wherein an End Portion 3020F is attached to the Strap Body 3005 having the Magnetic Element 3010 disposed within the End Portion 3020F. Disposed upon an end of the End Portion 3020E distal to the Strap Body 3005 is a Friction Element 3070. The Friction Element 3070 when disposed against the body of the strap, or other item, to which the End Portion 3020F is coupled to increases a magnitude of a force which would have to be applied to the assembly to make the End Portion 3020F move relative to the strap or other item. Friction Element 3070 encasing a portion the End Portion 3020F. Optionally, the Friction Element 3070 encasing the portion the End Portion 3020F may also cover a portion of the surface of the End Portion 3020F within which the Magnet Element 3010 is disposed. [00188] Within embodiments of the invention the friction elements, such as Friction Elements 3030, 3050, 3060 and 3070 within first, second, fourth, fifth and sixth Images 3000A, 3000B, 3000D-3000F respectively may be a continuous area of material, a series of continuous strips disposed relative to one or more axes of the friction element, a series of discrete elements, or a combination thereof. For example, referring to Figure 31 first to third perspective Views 3100 A to 3100C depict a magnetic attachment element for strap systems according to embodiments of the invention with textured Friction Element. As the design depicted in Figure 31 aligns with the design concept in first Image 3000A in Figure 30 then the elements within Figure 31 are numbered similarly so that there is End Portion 3020A attached to Strap Body 3005 with Friction Element 3030. Friction Element 3030 in this instance being a planar region with an array of projections.

[00189] Within the preceding description different structures for the strap have been described, see for example Figures 9 to 18 respectively. Referring to Figure 32 there is depicted a magnet configuration according to an embodiment of the invention for a strap of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention. As depicted in first Image 3200A within the Strap 3220 disposed along the length of the Strap 3220 are a series of Magnetic Arrays 3210 to which an end portion of the Strap 3220, such as depicted within first to sixth Images 3000A to 300F in Figure 30 or as described within this specification attaches. Second and third Images 3200B and 3200C depict cross-sections along Y-Y and X- X as depicted in first Image 3200A. As depicted in third Image 3200C representing the section X-X across the width of the Strap 3220 at a point where a Magnetic Array 3210 is disposed the Magnetic Array 3210 comprises four magnetic elements, being two first Magnetic Elements 3230 and two second Magnetic Elements 3240. First Magnetic Elements 3230 being magnets with their north (N) and south (S) poles in a first orientation and second Magnetic Elements 3240 being magnets with their N and S poles in a second, inverted, orientation. As depicted in second Image 3200B representing the section Y-Y along part of the length of the Strap 3220 at a point where magnetic elements in three Magnetic Arrays 3210 are disposed. The section being where the magnetic elements are first Magnetic Elements 3230 with their N and S poles in the first orientation.

[00190] The inventor establishing this to “align” the end portion of the strap to the strap where the end portion is a series of magnetizable elements or magnetic elements suitably aligned. Optionally, the sequence of first and second Magnetic Elements 3230 and 3240 across the Magnetic Array 3210, and therein the end portion where this contains magnets, may be different than that depicted. Equally, the number of Magnetic Elements within a Magnetic Array 3210 may vary being 2, 3 4, etc. which is generalized to N where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[00191] Optionally, within an embodiment of the invention the strap may have disposed within it magnetic dust rather than a number of discrete magnets so that the end portion couples to these. Optionally, the dust may have been magnetized to a specific orientation once embedded within the strap or during embedding into the strap.

[00192] Now referring to Figure 33 there is depicted an exemplary conversion kit for an item of apparel to support attachment of a strap according to an embodiment of the invention. Accordingly, a hardware kit with or without a strap may be sold to a user that allows then to convert an existing strap, e.g. upon a hat or cap, to an adjustable strap using one or more simple household tools. For example, as depicted a pair of Clips 3310 are sold with or discretely from a Strap 3220.

[00193] If the user, for example, is converting a baseball cap then they may cut the existing strap (commonly known as a snapback such as the plastic snap mechanism depicted in sixth Image 135 in Figure 6). They then attach one Clip 3110 to each side of the rear of the cap to allow the Strap 3220 to be looped through and adjusted. Optionally, one Clip 3220 may be designed to support direct attachment to the Strap 3220 and attachment to the item. enclosure

[00194] Whilst the straps described within the preceding embodiments of the invention allow the user to make a statement, be that a fashion statement, a political statement, a brand statement or a lifestyle statement, they may wish to add other elements to the strap. As the strap is magnetic then any item with a magnet may be attached but may easily become dislodged and lost. Accordingly, the inventor has established, as depicted in Figure 34, a magnetic clip for attachment to a strap of an adjustment and closure mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention. In first Image 3400A an embodiment of the clip is depicted comprising a Body 3410 and Magnet 3420 wherein the Body 3410 have two slots at either end to allow first and second Portions 3430A and 3430B of the strap to be slotted through. By slotting (threading) the strap through the slots in the Body 3410 the clip cannot become easily dislodged and lost during use, storage etc. of the strap or the item with the strap attached. Second Image 3400B depicts the Clip 3440 attached to a Strap 3430 upon a baseball cap as an example.

[00195] The clip may be marked with a fashion statement, a political statement, a brand statement or a lifestyle statement. Optionally, the clip may be formed from one or more materials such precious metals, precious metal alloys etc. or be coated with one or more precious metals, precious metal alloys etc. The size of the clip may be dimensioned to a cost point based upon the materials within some embodiments of the invention. Within other embodiments of the invention the clip may further comprise one or more precious stones, one or more gemstones, one or more non-precious stones, one or more non-precious gemstones, etc.

[00196] It would be evident that different lengths and heights of clip may be employed and that a user may employ one or more clips upon a strap. Within another embodiment of the invention the strap may be solely worn as an item of personal adornment rather than a functional item.

[00197] The embodiments of the invention described and depicted above in respect of Figures 2 to 34 may have one or more elements formed using an additive manufacturing process discretely.

[00198] The embodiments of the invention described and depicted above in respect of Figures 2 to 34 may have one or more elements formed using two or more additive manufacturing processes discretely.

[00199] The embodiments of the invention described and depicted above in respect of Figures 2 to 34 may have one or more elements formed using a non-additive manufacturing process discretely.

[00200] The embodiments of the invention described and depicted above in respect of Figures 2 to 34 may have one or more elements formed using two or more non-additive manufacturing processes discretely.

[00201] The embodiments of the invention described and depicted above in respect of Figures 2 to 34 may have one or more elements formed using one or more additive manufacturing processes in combination with one or more additive manufacturing processes.

[00202] Within embodiments of the invention one or more silicones have been described as being employed as part of a strap forming part of an adjustment, closure or attachment mechanism (AC AM). Optionally, the silicone may be clear. Optionally, embedded into the silicone or a shell of an ACAM are one or more LEDs, such as multi-colour LEDs for example, allowing the colour of the ACAM to be varied either statically or dynamically, such as for example in response to commands from an associated PED generated in response to controlling ambient light, music, audiovisual content etc. Medical grade silicone is typically clear thereby removing the requirement for any additional coating (e.g. food grade urethane) when used in conjunction with pigmented silicones to provide an inert or hypoallergenic coating for the ACAM. [00203] The silicone forming regions that a user may perceive as “sticky”, “soft” or “tacky” may be formed with a 20 durometer silicone for example. Those regions that a user may perceive as perceived as “smooth” or “hard” may be formed from a 70-90 durometer silicone for example. Alternatively, the strap may be formed from a low, e.g. 20, durometer silicone with a micro-layer (spray coated for example) of higher, e.g. 70-90, durometer silicone patterned onto it to create the smooth surface with regions that are “sticky.” Other durometer coatings may be employed discretely or in combination without departing from the scope of the invention. Optionally, the silicone may be medical grade to avoid allergenic reactions from users as the ACAM may be in direct contact with skin of a user.

[00204] Within embodiments of the invention the band, magnetic attachment and other portions of strap systems according to embodiments of the invention may comprise a scaffold or “scaffolds” which is used to hold up, interface with, or support another material or element(s) such as a shell(s) and/or casing(s).

[00205] Within embodiments of the invention the band, magnetic attachment and other portions of strap systems according to embodiments of the invention may comprise a shell or shells to contain and / or surround at least partially and / or fully a number of elements.

[00206] Within embodiments of the invention the band, magnetic attachment and other portions of strap systems according to embodiments of the invention may comprise a casing or casings which refer to a structure surrounding a scaffold and / or shell.

[00207] Within Figures 26, 27 A, 27B, 28 and 29 a strap system was described wherein methods and systems were described with respect to a cap, more specifically a baseball cap, wherein on one side of the rear open portion of the cap a first Feature such as Ring 2610 in first Image 2600A, Ring Portion 2620 and Body Portion 2630 in second Image 2600B, Ring Portion 2640 and Body Portion 2650 in third Image 2600C or Ring Portion 2670 and Body Portion 2680 in fourth Image 2600D. Upon the other side of the rear portion of the cap a second Feature such as Loop Element 2910 in Figure 29 is provided. Accordingly a strap would be employed in combination with the first Feature and the second Feature.

[00208] Within an embodiment of the invention the first Feature and second Feature are integrated into a Sweat Band, such as Sweat Band 3620 in Figure 36, which is then attached to the inner rim of a cap, e.g. stitched, sewn, glued etc. Accordingly, a strap such as those depicted in Figures 37 to 42 are employed in conjunction with the first Feature and the second Feature whether these are integrated into a sweat band, such as Sweat Band 3620 in Figure 36, or employed discretely such as the first Features depicted in Figure 26 and second Feature as depicted in Figure 29. [00209] As depicted in front and rear views 3600A and 3600B respectively the Sweat Band 3620 has a Ring 3610 fitted within one end to support insertion of a strap and a Loop Section 3630 which comprises a series of Loops 3640 for insertion of a G-Hook at one of the multiple locations. The Tag 3650 being removable from the Strap 3620 once fitted. The number of Loops 3640 may be one, two, three or more within embodiments of the invention. Within another embodiment of the invention as depicted in third Image 3600C a Ring Insert 3650 is depicted together with Loop Insert 3660, these being equivalent to the Ring 3610 and Loop Section 3630 in second Image 3600B wherein these may be sewn, or otherwise attached, discretely without the Sweat Band 3620.

[00210] It would be evident that whilst Figure 36 depicts a sweat band and discrete elements that support a straps such as those depicted in Figures 37 to 42, with a G-Hook which engages a Loop 3640 and a strap portion that fits through the Ring 3610, that the designs can be modified or adapted to fit other strap designs as described within this specification. It would be further evident that the elements depicted in third Image 3600C, namely Ring Insert 3650 and Loop Insert 3660, may be attached to different items of apparel, electronic devices, etc. allowing two discrete items to be connected by a strap.

[00211] Referring to Figure 37 there are depicted first and second Images 3700A and 3700B, a front view and side view respectively, of an elastic adjustable Strap 3730 according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36. Disposed at one end of the strap is a G-Hook 3710, such as Hook 2430 in Figure 24 or Hook 2530 and One-Piece Hook 2560 in Figure 25, which attaches to the second Feature. The distal end of the elastic adjustable strap is inserted through the first Feature and looped back upon itself before being retained by the Buckle 3720. Within other embodiments of the invention the Strap 3730 may be formed from another fabric or material which is not elastic.

[00212] Now referring to Figure 38 there are depicted first and second Images 3800A and 3800B, a front view and side view respectively, of a hook and hoop adjustable Strap 3830 according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36 in a similar manner as the elastic adjustable Strap 3730 in Figure 37. Accordingly, a G-Hook 3810 is disposed at one end of the adjustable strap whilst a Loop 3820 is disposed on the other end that engages features upon the surface of the Strap 3830 in order to retain the Loop 3820 in place when the hook and hoop adjustable Strap 3830 is adjusted to the right size for the user. [00213] Now referring to Figure 39 there are depicted first and second Images 3900A and 3900B, a front view and side view respectively, of hook and loop adjustable Strap 3930 according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36 in a similar manner as the elastic adjustable Strap 3730 in Figure 37. Accordingly, a G-Hook 3910 is disposed at one end of the adjustable strap whilst a Fitting 3920 is disposed on the other end. The Strap 3930 has one part of a “hook-and-loop” system, e.g. Velcro™, whilst a portion of the Strap 3930 at the Fitting 3920 as the other part of the “hook-and-loop” system such that the “hook-and-loop system retains the Fitting 3920 in place when the hook and loop adjustable Strap 3930 is adjusted to the right size for the user.

[00214] Now referring to Figure 40 there are depicted first and second Images 4000A and 4000B, a front view and side view respectively, of silicone adjustable Strap 4030 according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36 in a similar manner as the elastic adjustable Strap 3730 in Figure 37. Accordingly, a G-Hook 4010 is disposed at one end of the adjustable strap whilst a Loop 4020 is disposed on the other end that engages features upon the surface of the Strap 4030 in order to retain the Loop 3820 in place when the silicone adjustable Strap 4030 is adjusted to the right size for the user.

[00215] Now referring to Figure 41 there are depicted first and second Images 4100A and 4100B, a front view and side view respectively, of woven adjustable Strap 4030 according to an embodiment of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36 in a similar manner as the elastic adjustable Strap 3730 in Figure 37. Third Image 4100C is a view of the woven adjustable Strap 4030 with the two elements of the Clasp 4120 evident. Accordingly, a G-Hook 4110 is disposed at one end of the adjustable strap whilst a first part 4210A of the Clasp 4120 is disposed on the other end. The first part 4210A engages a second part 4210B of the Clasp 4120 that has been adjusted to the appropriate position such that the woven adjustable Strap 4130 is adjusted to the right size for the user.

[00216] Referring to Figure 42 there are depicted first to tenth images 4210 to 4255 of adjustable straps with G-hooks according to embodiments of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36 in a similar manner as the elastic adjustable Strap 3730 in Figure 37. The straps depicted in Figure 42 being: • First Image 4210 of an elastic • Sixth Image 4235 of a Milanese strap; magnetic strap;

• Second Image 4215 of a hook and • Seventh Image 4240 of a silicone hook strap; magnetic strap;

• Third Image 4220 of a hook and • Eighth Image 4245 of a silicone loop strap; strap;

• Fourth Image 4235 of a hook and • Ninth Image 4250 of a steel loop strap with tab; magnetic strap; and

• Fifth Image 4230 of a leather strap; • Tenth Image 4255 of a woven strap.

[00217] Figure 43 depicts a series of adjustable straps according to embodiments of the invention as employable with other embodiments of the invention such as the sweatband depicted in Figure 36 where the adjustable straps are initially acquired by a user without the G- Hook. Accordingly, these may be employed with other embodiments of the invention or the G- Hook may be added, e.g. Hook 2430 in Figure 24. Hook 2430 comprises Body 2430A and a Spring Bar 2430B allowing the Hook 2430 to be demountably employed where the Spring Bar 2430B is deployed through an opening within the end of the strap and then sprung into retaining elements of the Body 2430A. Subsequently, the Spring Bar 2430B can be removed from the Body 2430A allowing the Hook 2430 to be removed.

[00218] The straps depicted in Figure 43 being

• First Image 4310 of an elastic strap; • Sixth Image 4335 of a Milanese

• Second Image 4315 of a hook and magnetic strap; hook strap; • Seventh Image 4340 of a silicone

• Third Image 4320 of a hook and loop magnetic strap; strap; • Eighth Image 4345 of a silicone strap;

• Fourth Image 4335 of a hook and • Ninth Image 4350 of a steel magnetic loop strap with tab; strap; and

• Fifth Image 4330 of a leather strap; • Tenth Image 4355 of a woven strap.

[00219] Accordingly, a G-Hook can be employed with multiple straps or a strap employed with multiple G-hooks. Similarly, the G-hook with multiple straps can be employed with multiple items of apparel or the strap with multiple G-hooks can be employed with multiple items of apparel.

[00220] Within other embodiments of the invention the G-Hook may be hooked to an external element upon the item of apparel such that the G-Hook is visible externally. For example, referring to Figure 44 there is depicted a Cap 4400 with a Ring 4410 on a first side and a Loop 4420 on another side. The Ring 4410 may be, for example, Ring 2610 in first Image 2600A, Ring Portion 2620 and Body Portion 2630 in second Image 2600B, Ring Portion 2640 and Body Portion 2650 in third Image 2600C or Ring Portion 2670 and Body Portion 2680 in fourth Image 2600D for example. The Loop 4420 supports attachment of the G-Hook 4440 of the Strap 4430 such that the G-Hook is visible. For example the G-Hook 4440 may be gold, platinum, diamond studded etc. and the Loop 4420 may be transparent, a contrasting fabric to the Cap 4440, leather, silicone, plastic etc.

[00221] Within another embodiment of the invention both ends of the adjustable strap employ G-hooks that each attach to an element, e.g. Loop 4420 in Figure 44, wherein if the strap is elastic then no additional adjustment by the user is required otherwise the adjustable strap employs a design allowing the effective length to be adjusted.

[00222] Similarly, referring to Figure 45 there is depicted a Cape 4500 with a pair of Rings 4410 on a first side and Loops 4420 on another side. Each Ring 4410 may be, for example, Ring 2610 in first Image 2600A, Ring Portion 2620 and Body Portion 2630 in second Image 2600B, Ring Portion 2640 and Body Portion 2650 in third Image 2600C or Ring Portion 2670 and Body Portion 2680 in fourth Image 2600D for example. Each Loop 4420 supports attachment of the G-Hook 4440 of the Strap 4430 such that the G-Hook is visible. For example the G-Hook 4440 may be gold, platinum, diamond studded etc. and the Loop 4420 may be transparent, a contrasting fabric to the Cape 4500, leather, silicone, plastic etc.

[00223] Now referring to Figure 46 there is depicted linking two items with a ring element and loop for mountable attachment of a strap system according to an embodiment of the invention. The two items being a Belt 4650 and Portable Electronic Device (PED, e.g. a smartphone) 4660. A Ring 4610 is depicted attached to the PED 4460 whilst Loop 4620 is on the Belt 4650, although it would be evident that these may be disposed in alternate manner with the Ring 4610 on the Belt 4650 and the Loop 4620 on the PED 4460. The Ring 4610 may be, for example, Ring 2610 in first Image 2600A, Ring Portion 2620 and Body Portion 2630 in second Image 2600B, Ring Portion 2640 and Body Portion 2650 in third Image 2600C or Ring Portion 2670 and Body Portion 2680 in fourth Image 2600D for example. The Loop 4620 supports attachment of the G-Hook 4640 of the Strap 4630 such that the G-Hook is visible. For example the G-Hook 4640 may be gold, platinum, diamond studded etc. and the Loop 4620 may be transparent, leather, silicone, plastic etc. Optionally, Ring 4660 may form part of a protective or decorative casing applied to the PED 4660 or it may be part of the casing of the PED 4660.

[00224] Now referring to Figures 47A to 47C there are depicted straps with detachable G- hooks according to embodiments of the invention providing side straps and closing element for a tote. Within Figure 47A a first Strap Assembly 4700A is depicted for providing side straps or support straps for the tote together with a second Strap Assembly 4700B which provides for closure of the tote. Accordingly, in Figure 47B the first Strap Assembly 4700A is depicted comprising a Loop 4710A attached to the strap which is attached at either end to the tote to form the support band allowing the user to carry the tote over their shoulder, in their hand etc. A first Ring 4750 A is retained within the Loop 4710A allowing a first end of the Adjustable Strap 4740 A to be looped through the Ring 4750 A and affixed to the desired length. The distal end of the Adjustable Strap 4740A comprises a Loop, not identified for clarity, which engages with a G-Hook 4730A attached to the tote itself via second Ring 4720A. Alternatively, the G- Hook 4730A may be upon the Adjustable Strap 4740A and engages a loop attached to the tote. The Adjustable Strap 4740 A employing a hook and loop attachment means such as depicted in Figure 39 although other embodiments of the invention may employ other design approaches such as hook and hook (see Figure 38 for example), silicone strap (see Figure 40 for example) or woven strap (see Figure 41 for example) although other means may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.

[00225] Similarly, in Figure 47C the second Strap Assembly 4700B is depicted comprising a Loop 4710B attached to the strap which is attached at either end to the tote to form a closure mechanism for the tote. A first Ring 4750B is retained within the Loop 4710B allowing a first end of the Adjustable Strap 4740B to be looped through the Ring 4750B and affixed to the desired length. The distal end of the Adjustable Strap 4740B comprises a Loop, not identified for clarity, which engages with a G-Hook 4730B attached to the tote itself via second Ring 4720A. Accordingly, the Adjustable Strap 4740B engages between a first portion of the tote and a second portion of the tote allowing the opening of the tote to be closed. Optionally, multiple Adjustable Straps 4740B may be employed. Alternatively, the G-Hook 4730A may be upon the Adjustable Strap 4740A and engages a loop attached to the tote. The Adjustable Strap 4740B employing a hook and loop attachment means such as depicted in Figure 39 although other embodiments of the invention may employ other design approaches such as hook and hook (see Figure 38 for example), silicone strap (see Figure 40 for example) or woven strap (see Figure 41 for example) although other means may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.

[00226] Now referring to Figure 48 there are depicted first and second Images 4800A and 4800B of a strap according to an embodiment of the invention providing a closing element for a tote or other enclosure. As depicted a Loop 4810 is provided upon a first portion of the tote through which a Strap 4820 is looped and retained such as described and depicted in Figures 37 to 42. The distal end of the Strap 4820 is attached to the tote via Fitting 4830 in either a demountable or non-demountable manner. Accordingly, within embodiments of the invention the Strap 4820 may be employed on a tote, removed and employed on a cap or other item of apparel.

[00227] Referring to Figure 49 there are depicted first and second Images 4900A and 4900B of an item of footwear employing first and second Straps 4910 and 4920 respectively according to embodiments of the invention which provide foot retention and closure elements for the item of footwear respectively. It would be evident to one of skill in the art that each of first and second Straps 4910 and 4920 respectively may exploit design methodologies and concepts as described within this specification both in respect of their attachment to the item of footwear and their adjustment / retention of adjusted dimension.

[00228] Now referring to Figure 50 there is depicted an attachment means formed within an item of apparel for the attachment of a hook-based element strap system according to an embodiment of the invention. In contrast to the design described and depicted above the Cap 5010 incorporates first and second Loop Elements 5020A and 5020B which each comprise a number of loops supporting attachment of the G-Hooks 5030A and 5030B of the Strap 5040. Each of the first and second Loop Elements 5020A and 5020B being, for example, a Loop Element 3660 as depicted and described with respect to third Image 3600C in Figure 36. Optionally, the number of loops of the first and second Loop Elements 5020A and 5020B may be the same or they may be different. Whilst in Figure 50 the first and second Loop Elements 5020A and 5020B are depicted in dashed lines to indicate they are upon the inner surface of the Cap 5010 within other embodiments of the invention one or both of the first and second Loop Elements 5020A and 5020B may be upon the outer surface of the Cap 5010.

[00229] Whilst Figure 50 depicts a design methodology employing G-Hooks it would be evident to one of skill in the art that within other embodiments of the invention other design concepts and methodologies presented within the specification may be employed for one attachment or both attachments of a strap to an item of apparel. [00230] Within other embodiments of the invention adjustment mechanisms such as described and depicted within the specification may be employed in conjunction with a strap that is attached directly to an item of apparel at one end or both ends. For example, the G-Hook 3810 of hook and hoop adjustable Strap 3830 may be omitted and the end attached directly to an item of apparel whilst the Strap 3830 loops through a ring on another part of the item of apparel and is adjusted via Loop 3820. Alternatively, the G-Hook 4010 may be removed from the silicone adjustable Strap 4030 and attached directly to an item of apparel whilst the Strap 4050 loops through another ring on another part of the item of apparel. Other variants and alternatives would be evident to one of skill in the art.

[00231 ] Accordingly, according to an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method comprising providing a first fitting at a first location on an item of apparel and providing a second fitting at a second location on the item of apparel before attaching a first end of an adjustable strap to the first fitting and looping a second distal end of the adjustable strap through the second fitting to support adjusting the adjustable strap such that a fitting defined by a wearer of the item of apparel is achieved prior to fixing the second distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap.

[00232] The method further supports an embodiment wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook attached to the adjustable strap. The method further supports an embodiment wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook demountably attached to the adjustable strap where the G-hook comprises a body and spring-loaded rod wherein the spring-loaded rod fits through an opening within the first end of the adjustable strap and is attached at either end to the body. The method further supports an embodiment wherein fixing the second distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap employs a mechanical element. The method further supports an embodiment wherein fixing the second distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap employs a first portion of a hook-and- loop fastening mechanism on the distal end of the adjustable strap and a second portion of the hook-and-loop fastening mechanism on another region of the adjustable strap.

[00233] The method further supports an embodiment wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook attached to the adjustable strap, the second fitting comprises a ring and the first fitting comprises one or more elements where each element supports mounting of the G-hook.

[00234] Accordingly, according to an embodiment of the invention there is provided a system comprising a first fitting for attachment at a first location on an item of apparel, a second fitting for attachment at a second location on the item of apparel and an adjustable strap comprising a first end for attachment to the first fitting and a second distal end dimensioned to fit through the second fitting together with a means to attach the second distal end in a series of positions along a portion of the adjustable strap whereby once the first fitting and second fitting are attached to the item of apparel the first end of the adjustable strap is attached to the first fitting and the second end of the adjustable strap is fed through the second fitting and attached at a position of the series of positions along the portion of the adjustable strap to establish a distance between the first location and the second location.

[00235] The system further supports an embodiment wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook attached to the adjustable strap. The system further supports an embodiment wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook demountably attached to the adjustable strap wherein the G-hook comprises a body and spring-loaded rod wherein the spring-loaded rod fits through an opening within the first end of the adjustable strap and is attached at either end to the body. The system further supports an embodiment wherein fixing the distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap employs a mechanical element. The system further supports an embodiment wherein fixing the distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap employs a first portion of a hook-and-loop fastening mechanism on the distal end of the adjustable strap and a second portion of the hook- and-loop fastening mechanism on another region of the adjustable strap.

[00236] The system further supports an embodiment wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook attached to the adjustable strap, the second fitting comprises a ring and the first fitting comprises one or more elements where each element supports mounting of the G-hook.

[00237] Within embodiments of the invention described and depicted above a strap with magnetic elements may be in contact with or within proximity to a region, area or portion of a user or another electronic or electrical device. As such there may be concerns or potential issues with respect to interference or adverse effects of the magnetic field from the magnetic elements of the strap with the region, area or portion of a user or another electronic or electrical device. Accordingly, the inventors have established an alternate design of the strap according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements in conjunction with magnetic shielding elements disposed around each magnet. This being depicted in Figure 51 A through first to fifth Images 5100 A to 5100E respectively. First to third Images 5100A to 5100C respectively depict a labelled cross-sectional plan view, cross-sectional side view and plan view respectively. Fourth Image 5100D depicts a magnified cross-sectional view of a section of the strap depicted in first to third Images 5100A to 5100C respectively whilst fifth Image 5100E depicts discrete Shielding Elements 5140 as employed within the strap according to an embodiment of the invention.

[00238] As depicted in Figure 51 the strap consists of a series of Elements 5110 which are interconnected to form the magnetic portion of the strap. As depicted in fourth Image 5100D the Element 5110 comprises a Strap Body 5120 within which Magnetic Element 5130 is disposed in conjunction with a Shielding Element 5140 which is disposed around three sides of the Magnetic Element 5130. Accordingly, the first Side 5110A of the strap has a magnetic field extending outward allowing the strap to attach to another magnetic element, magnetic item or magnetizable element or item disposed towards that side of the strap, for example another portion of the strap when looped back as indicated by Arrow 5150.

[00239] This scenario being depicted in Figure 51B wherein a second Strap Portion 5160B is disposed towards the Skin 5170 of a user and a first Strap Portion 5160A, or another strap, is disposed above it such that the magnetic elements in the two portions attract but the magnetic field does not penetrate or extend significantly outside of the space between the magnets within the first Strap Portion 5160A and second Strap Portion 5160B. If, Skin 5170 is alternatively a portion of a body of an electronic device or electronic circuit then it would be evident that the magnetic field similarly does not extend significantly into it. It would be evident that the material of the Shielding Element 5140 is established such that the magnetic field is blocked or attenuated significantly. Further, the design of the Shielding Elements 5140 may be established to increase the magnetic field directionality to the first Side 5110A. For example, the Shielding Element 5140 may extend vertically beyond the surface of the Magnet 5130 or it may extend over a periphery of the Magnet 5130 such that the Magnet 5130 is “embedded” within the Shielding Element 5140.

[00240] It would be evident that whilst the design depicted in Figures 51 A and 51B employs a discrete Shielding Element 5140 with each Magnet 5130 that within other embodiments of the invention a Shielding Element 5140 may be designed to support multiple Magnets 5130 such as the strap depicted in Figure 51 C according to an embodiment of the invention. As depicted the Shielding Elements 5140 are joined via Interconnections 5180 such that the Magnets 5130 are disposed within the Shielding Elements 5140 and the Shielding Elements 5140 connected to each other by the Interconnections 5180 and these are all embedded in the Strap Body 5120. Within embodiments of the invention the Interconnections 5180 may be formed from the same material as the Shielding Elements 5140, formed from another material that blocks a magnetic field, or formed from a material which does not block any magnetic field. Where the Interconnections 5180 are formed from the same material as the Shielding Elements 5140 then these may be formed as a single piece-part or multiple piece-parts.

[00241] Within Figure 51 A in first Image 5100 A each Element 5110 is depicted as having a central South pole and a pair of outer North poles in a first Portion 5105 A of the strap and then a central North pole and a pair of outer South poles in a second Portion 5105B of the strap. Accordingly, a part of the first Portion 5105 can be retained against a part of the second portion 5105B as the poles are opposite and attract.

[00242] However, this field alignment design establishes a minimum length of either the first Portion 5105A or second Portion 5105B when folded back on itself to attach with the other of the first Portion 5105A and second Portion 5105B. Accordingly, Figure 52 depicts a Strap 5200 according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements with an alternate defined magnetic field alignment sequence which allows for a shorter strap fold as the distance to ’’fold” the strap and get a magnetic connection is now significantly shorter as connection can be made at multiple points along the Strap 5200 without a minimum length such that the first Portion 5105A depicted in Figure 51 A can reach the second Portion 5105B. Accordingly, as depicted the Elements 5110 are depicted as being sequentially disposed such that they alternate between one having a central South pole and a pair of outer North poles and then another having a central North pole and a pair of outer South poles so that the Elements 5110 follow a sequence of NSN, SNS, NSN, SNS rather than an initial sequence of NSN, NSN, NSN and then switching to SNS, SNS, SNS.

[00243] Referring to Figure 53 there is depicted an Assembly 5300 comprising a D-Ring 5320 and Magnetic Strap 5330 according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements within the Magnetic Strap 5330 such as described and depicted above within embodiments of the invention. As depicted the D-Ring 5320 has a ring portion and a fabric portion which allows the D-Ring 5320 to be sewn into one side of an item, e.g. a Hat 5310 whilst the Magnetic Strap 5330 has another fabric portion at one end allowing it to be sewn into another side of the item wherein the distal end of the Magnetic Strap 5330 can be looped through the ring portion of the D-Ring 5320, folded back and attached to itself to effect closure or gap sizing between the two sides of the item.

[00244] Now referring to Figure 54 there is depicted an Assembly 5400 comprising a first Magnetic Strap 5420 which has a fabric portion at one end allowing it to be sewn into a side of an item, for example Hat 5410, and a second Magnetic Strap 5430 which has a fabric portion at an end allowing it to be sewn into another side of the item wherein the distal ends of the first and second Magnetic Straps 5420 and 5430 can be overlapped to effect a closure or gap sizing between the two sides of the item.

[00245] Referring to Figure 55 there is depicted in a Strap Assembly 5500A according to an embodiment of the invention employing magnetic elements with magnetic shielding elements wherein an Upper Strap 5510 is depicted comprising a series of first Magnetic Elements 5530 disposed above a Lower Strap 5520 comprising a series of second Magnetic Elements 5540 such that the Upper and Lower Straps 5510 and 5520 can be attached to one another, separated and re-attached. The Upper and Lower Straps 5510 and 5520 may be attached to different portions of an item allowing them to effect a closure or gap sizing between the two sides of the item or may be attached to different items allowing them to be attached to one another. Within the Lower Strap 5520 is a Shielding Element 5550 which is disposed between the series of second Magnetic Elements 5540 and a lower surface of item to which the Lower Strap 5520 is disposed, e.g. a portion or region of a user’s body. Shielding Element 5550 may be used discretely as depicted in Strap Assembly 5500A or in combination with additional shielding elements such as Shielding Elements 5140 depicted in Figures 51 A and 5 IB respectively.

[00246] The series of first Magnetic Elements 5530 may be of one magnetic pole orientation or orientation sequence whilst those of the series of second Magnetic Elements 5540 are of another magnetic pole orientation or orientation sequence such that the Lower Strap 5520 and Upper Strap 5510 are magnetically attracted to one another.

[00247] An alternate Strap Assembly 5500B is depicted wherein the Upper Strap 5510 includes another Shielding Element 5560 such that either side of the Strap Assembly 5500B is magnetically shielded.

[00248] As evident with Strap Assembly 5500A and alternate Strap Assembly 5500B the surfaces of the Upper and Lower Straps 5510 and 5520 which engage against one another are contoured such that they engage against one another and physically resist motion in the directions indicated for the Upper and Lower Straps 5510 and 5520 respectively. Within another embodiment of the invention the contouring on the Upper and Lower Straps 5510 and 5520 respectively may be such that they physically resist motion in both directions within the plane of the strap assembly once brought together.

[00249] Now referring to Figure 56 there is depicted a Strap 5600 according to an embodiment of the invention which may employ magnetic elements within some embodiments. As depicted Strap 5600 comprises a Hook 5620 at one end of the Strap Body 5610 and another Hook 5630 at the other distal end of the Strap Body 5610. Accordingly, the Strap 5600 may be attached at one or both ends to an item or items via loops or hoops on them into which the Hook 5620 and/or another Hook 5630 hook. Where the Strap 5600 incorporates one or more magnetic elements within the Strap Body 5610 then it may be attached to one or more other items in addition to the Hook 5620 and/or another Hook 5630 or one or more other items may be attached to the Strap Body 5610 such as Clamping Magnetic Attachment (CMA) 1900 in Figure 19 and first to third Images 2000A to 2000C in Figure 20.

[00250] It would be evident that the magnetic straps depicted in Figures 51 A, 5 IB, 52 and 55 may be employed within the embodiments of the invention described and depicted above with respect to a fitting at one or both ends of the magnetic strap and its attachment to an item or to another magnetic strap or the attachment of another item or another magnetic strap or CMA to it for example.

[00251] Now referring to Figure 57 there is depicted a strap attachment according to an embodiment of the invention employing a hook and loop attachment means. As depicted in first Image 5700A a Strap 5710 is attached to one portion of an item, in this instance a hat, which has a small Hook Region 5720 at its free end and a Loop Element 5730 is attached to another portion of the item which comprises loops for removably attaching the Hook Region 5720 to. Accordingly, the Hook Region 5720 can be positioned at the appropriate position on the Loop Element 5730 and the distance between the portion and other portion of the item established, e.g. the fitting of the hat in this instance is established. Optionally, the Hook Region 5720 may comprises loops rather than hooks and the Loop Region 5730 may comprise hooks in this instance rather than loops. The result is that the strap attachment has a slimmer profile than the prior art designs with a pair of straps attached to the item and can provide a larger range of adjustment relative to these prior art designs with the pair of straps. Second Image 5700B depicts the strap attachment in use with the Hook Region 5720 attached to the Loop Region 5730. Third Image 5700C depicts the strap at a different closing relative to the second Image 5700B. Fourth Image 5700D depicts a variant wherein rather than the Hook Region 5720 and Loop Region 5730 being on the outside of the item they are on the inside of the item.

[00252] Within the embodiments of the invention described above the designs and concepts have been presented as attached to an item, e.g. as sold. However, within Figure 58 there are depicted first and second Concepts 5800A and 5800B for attachment kits according to embodiments of the invention for retro-fitting straps according to embodiments of the invention to items. Within first Concept 5800 a Clip 5810 is employed in conjunction with a Strip 5820 such that the Clip 5810 clips onto the Strip 5820. Accordingly, a Loop 5830 comprising a Strip 5820 is attached to one portion of an item with a Clip 5810 whilst a Strap 5840 is attached to another portion of the item or another item via another Strip 5820 forming part of the Strap 5840. Accordingly, the item, e.g. a piece of fabric of an item of clothing, is pinched between the Strip 5820 and the Clip 5810 allowing the kit of first Concept 5800A to be attached and employed to a previously acquired item or pair of items.

[00253] Second Concept 5800B employs a Body 5860 onto which a Slider 5850 slides to hold an item between the Body 5860 and Slider 5850. Accordingly, a Loop 5870 with a Body 5860 is attached to one portion of an item via a Slider 5850 and a Strap 5880 is attached to another item or another portion of the item via another Slider 5850 which fits onto Body 5860 forming part of the Strap 5880. Accordingly, the item, e.g. a piece of fabric of an item of clothing, is pinched between the Slider 5850 and the Body 5860 allowing the kit of second Concept 5800B to be attached and employed to a previously acquired item or pair of items.

[00254] Referring to Figure 59 there is depicted a strap and attachment concept according to an embodiment of the invention supporting adjustable sizing with a hook and loop attachment means. Concept 5900A depicts the Hook 5910 which is attached to one portion of an item and Strap Material 5920 which is to be attached at one end to another portion of the item of another item. The Strap Material 5920 comprising a Lower Portion 5920A and an Upper Portion 5920B which is attached periodically to the Lower Portion 5920A such that it forms a series of openings into which the Hook 5910 can be inserted.

[00255] Referring to first to fifth Images 5900B to 5900F there are depicted images of the manufacture and use of the system depicted in Concept 5900A. Within first Image 5900B an end of the strap, Strap Material 5920, is sewn or otherwise attached to one side of the item, in this instance a hat, which may into the or onto a sweatband for example. In second Image 5900C the Hook 5910 is sewn onto the item on another portion, for example, a fabric portion of the Hook 5910 is sewn onto a top panel material. In third Image 5900D excess material of the Strap Material 5920 is tucked into the sweatband such that as depicted in fourth Image 5900E the Hook 5910 can be attached into an opening formed on the Hoop Material 5920 between the Lower Portion 5920A and Upper Portion 5920B yielding a size item in fifth Image 5900F.

[00256] Within an alternate embodiment of the invention the Lower Portion 5920 A may be elasticated such that the excess material is not an issue as the elasticated Strap Material 5920 will accommodate changes in length. Optionally, the Upper Portion 5920B may also be elasticated .

[00257] Specific details are given in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it is understood that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits may be shown in block diagrams in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

[00258] The foregoing disclosure of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many variations and modifications of the embodiments described herein will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the above disclosure. The scope of the invention is to be defined only by the claims appended hereto, and by their equivalents.

[00259] Further, in describing representative embodiments of the present invention, the specification may have presented the method and/or process of the present invention as a particular sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the particular order of steps set forth herein, the method or process should not be limited to the particular sequence of steps described. As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, other sequences of steps may be possible. Therefore, the particular order of the steps set forth in the specification should not be constmed as limitations on the claims. In addition, the claims directed to the method and/or process of the present invention should not be limited to the performance of their steps in the order written, and one skilled in the art can readily appreciate that the sequences may be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method comprising: providing a strap comprising: a plurality of magnetic elements disposed within and along a body of the strap; and one or more shielding elements disposed within and along the body of the strap between the plurality of magnetic elements and a first surface of the strap; wherein each shielding element of the one or more shielding elements is associated with a defined subset of the plurality of magnetic elements; and each shielding element of the one or more shielding elements attenuates one or more magnetic fields at the first surface of the strap as established by the defined subset of the plurality of magnetic elements associated with the shielding element of the one or more shielding elements.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein providing the one or more shielding elements comprises disposing a shielding element for each magnetic element of the plurality of magnetic elements; and the shielding element surrounds a predetermined portion of the magnetic element.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein providing the one or more shielding elements comprises disposing a shielding element for each magnetic element of the plurality of magnetic elements; and providing a plurality of interconnection elements where each interconnection element of the plurality of interconnection elements connects at one end to a magnetic element of the plurality of magnetic elements and at another distal end to the next magnetic element of the plurality of magnetic elements along the body of the strap; and the shielding element surrounds a predetermined portion of the magnetic element.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein providing the one or more shielding elements comprises disposing a single shielding element along a portion of the body of the strap within which the plurality of magnetic elements are disposed.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising providing another strap comprising: a plurality of other magnetic elements disposed within and along a body of the another strap; and one or more other shielding elements disposed within and along the body of the another strap between the plurality of magnetic elements and a surface of the another strap; wherein each other shielding element of the one or more other shielding elements is associated with a defined subset of the plurality of other magnetic elements; each other shielding element of the one or more other shielding elements attenuates one or more magnetic fields at the surface of the strap as established by the defined subset of the plurality of other magnetic elements associated with the other shielding element of the one or more other shielding elements; and the strap and another strap can be magnetically attached to each other with a second surface of the strap distal to the surface of the strap and a second surface of the another strap distal to the surface of the another strap are disposed towards one another and the one or more shielding elements of the strap and the one or more other shielding elements of the another strap as disposed to the outside of the assembled strap and another strap.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the second surface of the strap distal to the surface of the strap comprises a plurality of surface features; the second surface of the another strap distal to the surface of the another strap comprises a plurality of other surface features; and at least one of: the plurality of surface features and the plurality of other surface features limit motion of the strap and another strap in a direction along the length of the joined sections of the strap and the another strap; and the plurality of surface features and the plurality of other surface features limit motion of the strap and another strap in both a direction along the length of the joined sections of the strap and the another strap and another direction opposite to the direction.

7. A method comprising: providing a first fitting at a first location on an item of apparel; providing a second fitting at a second location on the item of apparel; attaching a first end of an adjustable strap to the first fitting; looping a second distal end of the adjustable strap through the second fitting; adjusting the adjustable strap such that a fitting defined by a wearer of the item of apparel is achieved; and fixing the second distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook attached to the adjustable strap.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook demountably attached to the adjustable strap; wherein the G-hook comprises a body and spring-loaded rod wherein the spring-loaded rod fits through an opening within the first end of the adjustable strap and is attached at either end to the body.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein fixing the second distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap employs a mechanical element.

11. The method according to claim 7, wherein fixing the second distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap employs a first portion of a hook-and-loop fastening mechanism on the distal end of the adjustable strap and a second portion of the hook-and-loop fastening mechanism on another region of the adjustable strap.

12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook attached to the adjustable strap; the second fitting comprises a ring; and the first fitting comprises one or more elements where each element supports mounting of the G-hook.

13. A system comprising a first fitting for attachment at a first location on an item of apparel; a second fitting for attachment at a second location on the item of apparel; an adjustable strap comprising: a first end for attachment to the first fitting; a second distal end dimensioned to fit through the second fitting; and a means to attach the second distal end in a series of positions along a portion of the adjustable strap; wherein once the first fitting and second fitting are attached to the item of apparel the first end of the adjustable strap is attached to the first fitting and the second end of the adjustable strap is fed through the second fitting and attached at a position of the series of positions along the portion of the adjustable strap to establish a distance between the first location and the second location.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook attached to the adjustable strap.

15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook demountably attached to the adjustable strap; wherein the G-hook comprises a body and spring-loaded rod wherein the spring-loaded rod fits through an opening within the first end of the adjustable strap and is attached at either end to the body.

16. The system according to claim 13, wherein fixing the distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap employs a mechanical element.

17. The system according to claim 13, wherein fixing the distal end of the adjustable strap to the adjustable strap employs a first portion of a hook-and-loop fastening mechanism on the distal end of the adjustable strap and a second portion of the hook-and-loop fastening mechanism on another region of the adjustable strap.

18. The system according to claim 13, wherein the first end of the adjustable strap comprises a G-hook attached to the adjustable strap; the second fitting comprises a ring; and the first fitting comprises one or more elements where each element supports mounting of the G-hook.

19. A method comprising: providing a first fitting at a first location on an item of apparel comprising one or more first attachment points; providing a second fitting at a second location on the item of apparel comprising a plurality of second attachment points; attaching a first end of a strap to the first fitting at a first attachment point of the one or more first attachment points; attaching a second end of the strap to the second fitting at a second attachment of the plurality of attachment points; wherein the strap is of fixed length and an adjustment of the item of apparel with respect to a user is achieved by appropriate selection of the first attachment point of the one or more first attachment points and the second attachment of the plurality of attachment points.

20. A method comprising: attaching a first end of a strap to a defined location upon an item of apparel; looping a second distal end of the strap through an opening at another defined location upon the item of apparel; and attaching the second distal end of the strap to a portion of the strap by a mechanical fitting or via a separable means wherein a first portion of the separable means is disposed upon the second distal end of the strap and a second portion of the separable means is disposed over a region of the strap comprising the portion of the strap and another portion of the strap.