WO2025054803A1

WO2025054803A1 - Modifying operation of an energy harvesting device based on a cell duty cycle configuration

Info

Publication number: WO2025054803A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/118158
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zhikun WU; Huilin Xu; Ahmed Elshafie; Shuanshuan Wu
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2023-09-12
Filing date: 2023-09-12
Publication date: 2025-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 2026-03-12

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, an energy harvesting device may receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The energy harvesting device may modify, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

MODIFYING OPERATION OF AN ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICE BASED ON A CELL DUTY CYCLE CONFIGURATION

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for modifying operation of an energy harvesting device base on a cell duty cycle configuration.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or the like) . Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE) . LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .

A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communication for wireless communication devices, such as a user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication link from the network node to the UE, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication link from the UE to the network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communication, such as via a local link (e.g., a sidelink (SL) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and/or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, among other examples) .

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and/or global level. New Radio (NR) , which may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and/or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) ) on the uplink, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.

SUMMARY

Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting device. The method may include receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The method may include modifying, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device. The method may include obtaining an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The method may include transmitting the indication to an energy harvesting device.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at an energy harvesting device. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured, individually or collectively, to cause the energy harvesting device to receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The one or more processors may be configured, individually or collectively, to cause the energy harvesting device to modify, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless communication device. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured, individually or collectively, to cause the wireless communication device to obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The one or more processors may be configured, individually or collectively, to cause the wireless communication device to transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device.

Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by an energy harvesting device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the energy harvesting device, may cause the energy harvesting device to receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the energy harvesting device, may cause the energy harvesting device to modify, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a wireless communication device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the wireless communication device, may cause the wireless communication device to obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the wireless communication device, may cause the wireless communication device to transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The apparatus may include means for modifying, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the apparatus based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for obtaining an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The apparatus may include means for transmitting the indication to an energy harvesting device.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, and/or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.

While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, and/or artificial intelligence devices) . Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and/or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and/or summers) . It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and/or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a passive UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Figs. 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating a first example and a second example of monostatic implementations of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an energy harvesting duty cycle that may be associated with a passive UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of cell discontinuous transmission and/or discontinuous reception, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of modifying operation of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of modifying operation of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a first example and a second example of modifying operation of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a first example and a second example of modifying a communication mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple energy sources that are associated with an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication process between at least a network node and an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at an energy harvesting device or an apparatus of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a wireless communication device or an apparatus of a wireless communication device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

Fig. 17 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A network node may transmit an energy signal that is used by an energy harvesting device, such as a passive user equipment (UE) , to harvest and/or store energy. In some scenarios, the network node may transition to operating in a cell discontinuous operation mode, such as a cell discontinuous transmission (DTX) and/or a cell discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, to increase energy savings. The transition of a network node to operating in a cell discontinuous operation mode may adversely impact an energy harvesting device. For instance, the network node may not transmit the energy signal while operating in an off duration, and the energy harvesting device may not harvest enough energy to power circuits that are used to transmit and/or receive signals. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device may attempt to transmit and/or receive signals that may not be received and/or transmitted, respectively, by the network node during the off duration, resulting in the energy harvesting device needlessly consuming power and draining power resources.

Various aspects described herein generally relate to modifying operation of an energy harvesting device base on a cell duty cycle configuration. Some aspects relate more specifically to an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE) modifying a communication mode of an energy harvesting duty cycle based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration. In some aspects, an energy harvesting device may receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with a network node. In some aspects, the cell duty cycle configuration is as associated with a network node that transmits an energy signal harvested by the energy harvesting device. Based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle (EHDC) communication mode, the energy harvesting device may modify operation the energy harvesting device based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration. For example, the energy harvesting device may use an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration, such as by including one or more respective operating duty cycle (ODC) communication mode occasions and/or one or more ODC energy harvesting mode occasions that are synchronized and/or coinciding with one or more on duration occasions and/or off duration occasions indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

Receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration enables an energy harvesting device to modify operation during an EHDC communication mode, reduce power consumption, and/or preserve power resources of the energy harvesting device. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device may switch energy signal sources based at least in part on an off duration of the cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with a network node refraining from transmitting an energy signal. The ability to switch energy signal sources may increase an amount of energy harvested by the energy harvesting device and, subsequently, an amount of power stored by the energy harvesting device.

Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT) , aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G) .

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and/or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) ) network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as a network node 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d) , a UE 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e) , and/or other entities. A network node 110 is a network node that communicates with UEs 120. As shown, a network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node, meaning that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit) . As another example, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) .

In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with UEs 120 via a radio access link, such as an RU. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, a network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, a network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a disaggregated network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and/or one or more DUs. A network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G) , a gNB (e.g., in 5G) , an access point, a transmission reception point (TRP) , a DU, an RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the network nodes 110 may be interconnected to one another or to one or more other network nodes 110 in the wireless network 100 through various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and/or backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, an air interface, or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.

In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 and/or a network node subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 102a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 102b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a network node 110 that is mobile (e.g., a mobile network node) .

In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to an aggregated base station, a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, “base station” or “network node” may refer to a CU, a DU, an RU, a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in connection with the network node 110. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform the one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a quantity of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to duplicate performance of at least a portion of the function, and the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to any one or more of those different devices. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the terms “base station” or “network node” may refer to one of the base station functions and not another. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110) . A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UEs 120. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, or the like.

The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, or the like. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and/or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts) .

A network controller 130 may couple to or communicate with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may communicate with one another directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be a CU or a core network device, or may include a CU or a core network device.

The UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and/or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet) ) , an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and/or a satellite radio) , a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter/sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, and/or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. An MTC UE and/or an eMTC UE may include, for example, a robot, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and/or a location tag, that may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device) , or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment. A UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE 120, such as processor components and/or memory components. In some examples, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled.

In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with one another) . For example, the UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or a vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol) , and/or a mesh network. In such examples, a UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the network node 110.

Devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

With the above examples in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and/or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a UE 120, a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, an energy harvesting device 1304, and/or an apparatus 1600) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and modify, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

In some aspects, the communication manager 140 may obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE 120 and/or another UE 120) . Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

In some aspects, a wireless communication device (e.g., a network node 110) may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 in communication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a through 234t, such as T antennas (T ≥1) . The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a through 252r, such as R antennas (R ≥1) . The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antennas 234 and a modem 232. In some examples, a network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs, or one or more DUs.

At the network node 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data, from a data source 212, intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) . The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from that UE 120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 and may provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) . A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) , shown as modems 232a through 232t. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use a respective modulator component to process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use a respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and/or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) , shown as antennas 234a through 234t.

At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r) may receive the downlink signals from the network node 110 and/or other network nodes 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) , shown as modems 254a through 254r. For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and/or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor 280. The term “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and/or a CQI parameter, among other examples. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.

The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller/processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a through 234t and/or antennas 252a through 252r) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, and/or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2.

On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) from the controller/processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) , and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, and/or the TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor 280) and the memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 7-17) .

At the network node 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and/or other UEs may be received by the antennas 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of the modem 232) , detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and provide the decoded control information to the controller/processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and/or uplink communications. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 220, and/or the TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller/processor 240) and the memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein (e.g., with reference to Figs. 7-17) .

The controller/processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller/processor 280 of the UE 120, and/or any other component (s) of Fig. 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with modifying operation of an energy harvesting device base on a cell duty cycle configuration, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller/processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller/processor 280 of the UE 120, and/or any other component (s) of Fig. 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1400 of Fig. 14, process 1500 of Fig. 15, and/or other processes as described herein. The memory 242 and the memory 282 may store data and program codes for the network node 110 and the UE 120, respectively. In some examples, the memory 242 and/or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110 and/or the UE 120, may cause the one or more processors, the UE 120, and/or the network node 110 to perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1400 of Fig. 14, process 1500 of Fig. 15, and/or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, an energy harvesting device 1304, and/or an apparatus 1600) may include means for receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and/or means for modifying, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

Alternatively, or additionally, a UE (e.g., a UE 120) may include means for obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and/or means for transmitting the indication to an energy harvesting device. In some aspects, the means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller/processor 280, or memory 282.

In some aspects, a network node (e.g., a network node 110) includes means for obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and/or means for transmitting the indication to an energy harvesting device. In some aspects, the means for the network node to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller/processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.

In some aspects, an individual processor may perform all of the functions described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, one or more processors may collectively perform a set of functions. For example, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first function described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second function described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, functions described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.

While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and/or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller/processor 280.

As indicated above, Fig. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 2.

Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station, or a network equipment may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB) , an evolved NB (eNB) , an NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP) , a TRP, or a cell, among other examples) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. “Network entity” or “network node” may refer to a disaggregated base station, or to one or more units of a disaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof) .

An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit) . A disaggregated base station (e.g., a disaggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs) . In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other network nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples.

Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) to facilitate scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be individually deployed. A disaggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300, in accordance with the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated control units (such as a Near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a Non-RT RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 305, or both) . A CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as through F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.

Each of the units, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, as well as the Near-RT RICs 325, the Non-RT RICs 315, and the SMO Framework 305, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled with one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to one or multiple communication interfaces of the respective unit, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units can include a wired interface, configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units, and a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.

In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (for example, Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) functionality) , control plane functionality (for example, Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) functionality) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with a DU 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling.

Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some aspects, the one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, among other examples. In some aspects, the DU 330 may further host one or more low PHY layers, such as implemented by one or more modules for a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310.

Each RU 340 may implement lower-layer functionality. In some deployments, an RU 340, controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions, such as performing an FFT, performing an iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, based on a functional split (for example, a functional split defined by the 3GPP) , such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU 340 can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

The SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, non-RT RICs 315, and Near-RT RICs 325. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. The SMO Framework 305 also may include a Non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 305.

The Non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC 325. The Non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 325. The Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 325.

In some implementations, to generate AI/ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 325, the Non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 325 and may be received at the SMO Framework 305 or the Non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 315 or the Near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .

As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a passive UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

A wireless communication system, such as a 5G wireless communication system, may include support for communicating with a passive device, such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) device and/or a passive IoT device. To illustrate, a network node operating in the wireless communication system may be configured to read information from and/or write information to a passive device. An active device and/or active component (e.g., a semiconductor device, a voltage source, and/or an operational amplifier) may add and/or transfer energy into a circuit. A passive device and/or passive component (e.g., a resistor, a capacitor, and/or a diode) may store and/or consume energy. Accordingly, in some aspects, “passive device” may denote a device without an external energy source and/or a device configured to use environmental energy for an energy supply.

To illustrate, the example 400 includes a network node 110 and a UE 120. In the example 400, the UE 120 is shown as a passive UE that includes a power harvesting component 402 that includes an electronic circuit to convert energy from an input signal 404 (e.g., a downlink signal from the network node 110) received via an antenna 406 to an energy source for one or more components included in the UE 120. For example, the power harvesting component 402 may include a diode that is electrically coupled to a capacitor. The power harvesting component 402 may receive the input signal 404 based at least in part on an antenna 406 and/or an impedance matching circuit 408. As shown by the example 400, the power harvesting component 402 may electrically couple to a regulator component 410 that outputs a fixed voltage for powering a microcontroller unit 412 (shown as MCU 412) . As one example, the regulator component 410 may convert an input alternating current (AC) signal to a direct current (DC) signal. The microcontroller unit 412 may process input from a demodulator component 414 (e.g., that demodulates the input signal 404) and/or one or more sensors 416. In some aspects, the microcontroller unit 412 may generate an output that is input to a modulator component 418 and transmitted by the UE 120 to the network node 110. While the example 400 shows the UE 120 as including a demodulator component 414 and a modulator component 418, other examples of a passive UE may not include the demodulator component 414 and/or the modulator component 418. For example, a passive UE implemented as a passive IoT device and/or a passive RFID may include a diode, a capacitor, a resistor, and a switch to generate a backscatter signal (e.g., a reflected signal) that includes modulated information. A “semi-passive” device may include a battery that is charged by the device based at least in part on the (converted) environmental energy.

As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.

Figs. 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating a first example 500 and a second example 502 of monostatic implementations of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

A passive device as described with regard to Fig. 4 may communicate with a reader device based at least in part on modulating and/or reflecting a radio signal from an RF source. In some examples, such as the first example 500 of Fig. 5A and the second example 502 of Fig. 5B, the RF source and the reader device may be a same device and/or may be co-located. A co-located RF source and reader device may also be referred to as a monostatic implementation.

The first example 500 of Fig. 5A includes a passive UE 504 (shown as an RFID device) and a network node 506 that may include and/or be implemented as a monostatic reader device. To illustrate, and as shown by reference number 508, the network node 506 may transmit a signal (shown by Fig. 5A as a forward link (FL) signal) that the passive UE 504 may use to generate backscatter (shown by Fig. 5A as a backlink (BL) signal) that is directed to the network node 506. The network node 506 may receive and/or process the backscatter to recover information transmitted by the passive UE 504. In some aspects, the network node 506 may transmit, as the FL signal, a communication signal that is directed to the passive UE 504. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 506 may transmit, as the FL signal, an energy signal that is used by the passive UE 504 to harvest and/or store power (e.g., energy harvesting) as described with regard to Fig. 4.

The second example 502 of Fig. 5B includes a passive UE 510 (shown as an RFID device) , a network node 512, and a UE 514 that is shown by Fig. 5B as a mobile device. In some aspects, the UE 514 may include and/or be implemented as a monostatic reader device. To illustrate, and as shown by reference number 516, the UE 514 may transmit an FL signal that the passive UE 510 may use to generate backscatter (e.g., a BL signal) that is received and/or processed by the UE 514. That is, the UE 514 may process the backscatter to recover information that is transmitted by the passive UE 510. As shown by reference number 518, the network node 512 may transmit a downlink communication to the UE 514 that instructs the UE 514 to gather information from the passive UE 510 (e.g., via the FL and the BL) and/or to report the information to the network node 512. Alternatively, or additionally, as shown by reference number 520, the network node 506 may transmit an energy signal that is used by the passive UE 510 to harvest and/or store power as described above with regard to Fig. 4.

As indicated above, Figs. 5A and 5B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 5A and 5B.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of an energy harvesting duty cycle that may be associated with a passive UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

In some aspects, a passive UE (e.g., a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, an energy harvesting device 1304, and/or an apparatus 1600) may alternate between operating in an energy harvesting mode and a communication mode as shown by Fig. 6. To illustrate, a first cycle 602 includes the passive UE operating in a first energy harvesting mode 604 (shown in solid white) for a first duration 606 and operating in a first communication mode 608 (shown with a dotted pattern) for a second duration 610. Based at least in part on operating in the first communication mode 608, the passive UE may enable transmitter hardware and/or receiver hardware (e.g., increase and/or apply power to transceiver hardware) . Alternatively, or additionally, the passive UE may transmit and/or receive communications.

Based at least in part on operating in the first energy harvesting mode 604, the passive UE may accumulate and/or store energy. Alternatively, or additionally, the passive UE may disable transmitter hardware and/or receiver hardware (e.g., reduce and/or disconnect power to the transceiver hardware) and, subsequently, may be unable to transmit and/or receive communications. In some aspects, while operating in the first energy harvesting mode 604, the passive UE may apply an amount of power to the receiver hardware that enables the passive UE to harvest power but not receive an information communication. The passive UE may disable alternate or additional modules based at least in part on operating in the first energy harvesting mode 604, such as a local clock (e.g., a high speed clock and/or a high frequency clock that is configured to operate at a frequency that satisfies a high threshold) , and re-enable the additional modules (e.g., the local clock) based at least in part on transitioning to operating in the first communication mode 608. The passive UE may include multiple clocks, such as the high speed clock and a low speed clock (e.g., a low frequency clock configured to operate at a frequency that satisfies a low threshold) .

Based at least in part on disabling a local clock during operation in the energy harvesting mode, sequential communication mode occasions of an energy harvesting duty cycle may not be periodic. To illustrate, the first cycle 602 may span 501 milliseconds (msec) that is partitioned into 500 msec of energy harvesting by the passive UE and 1 msec of communication by the passive UE (e.g., the first duration 606 spans 500 msec and the second duration 610 spans 1 msec) . While the cycle and durations of example 600 are described herein based at least in part on a unit of msec, other examples may be based at least in part on other units of times, such as seconds. A second cycle 612 may span 1001 msec that is partitioned into a third duration 614 that is associated with operating in a second energy harvesting mode 616 and a fourth duration 618 that is associated with operating in a second communication mode 620. The third duration 614 may span 1000 msec (e.g., longer than the first duration) , and the fourth duration 618 may span 1 msec. Accordingly, the lengths of the cycles included in an energy harvesting duty cycle may differ from cycle to cycle as shown by Fig. 6.

In some aspects, an energy source signal may be a continuous waveform that is modulated at a particular and/or preconfigured frequency. Alternatively, or additionally, an energy source signal may be a downlink communication signal and/or a channel (e.g., an uplink channel and/or a downlink channel) that is transmitted to, and/or associated with, a UE other than the passive UE, such as another UE 120 that is within a distance threshold to the passive UE. Accordingly, the passive UE may receive and/or harvest energy from the downlink communication signal and/or the channel that is associated with the other UE. Some non-limiting examples of an energy source (e.g., a device associated with generating the energy source signal) may include a network node (e.g., a network node 110) , a standalone energy source device, and/or a UE (e.g., a UE 120) . An example of a standalone energy source device may include an energy emitter device (e.g., a separate device from a network node 110 and a UE 120) that may be configured by a network node 110 to transmit an energy signal (e.g., in a licensed band and/or an unlicensed band) .

As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.

Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of cell DTX and/or DRX, in accordance with the present disclosure. “Discontinuous transmission” or “DTX” may denote a device (e.g., a network node) disabling transmission for a first time span, and “discontinuous reception” or “DRX” may denote the device disabling reception for a second time span. DTX and DRX may occur during a same time span (e.g., the first time span and the second time span are the same and/or overlap) and/or may occur at different time spans. “Discontinuous operation” may denote DTX and/or DRX. As shown by Fig. 7, the example 700 includes a UE 120 in communication with a network node 110. In some examples, the UE 120 may be in a connected state (e.g., an RRC connected state) with the network node 110.

Network energy saving (NES) may refer to reduced power consumption by a network node. To illustrate, the network node 110 may operate in an NES mode that includes the network node 110 operating in a DTX mode and/or a DRX mode (e.g., a discontinuous operation mode) to reduce power consumption based at least in part on periodically disabling and/or reducing power that is applied transmitter hardware and/or receiver hardware. “Cell DRX, ” “cell DTX, ” and/or “cell discontinuous operation” may refer to operations associated with a network node as described below. As one example, the network node 110 may enable cell DRX and/or cell DTX based at least in part on calculating that a cell load (e.g., a number of active UEs served by the cell) satisfies a low threshold and/or calculating that none of the active UEs are associated with latency critical traffic. A network node operating in a DRX mode may reduce the transmission opportunities of a UE, and the network node operating in a DTX mode may reduce the reception opportunities of the UE. Accordingly, a UE may reduce energy consumption by disabling and/or reducing power applied to transmitter hardware and/or receiver hardware based at least in part on the network node operating in a cell DRX mode and/or a cell DTX mode, respectively.

As shown, the network node 110 may transmit a cell DTX configuration and/or cell DRX configuration to the UE 120 to indicate cell DTX cycle information and/or cell DRX cycle information to the UE 120. In some aspects, the configuration may indicate cycle information for cell DTX, cell DRX, or both cell DTX and cell DRX. The configuration may indicate a first occasion associated with an on duration 705 and/or a second occasion associated with an off duration 710 that occur within a cycle 715. The off duration 710 may be non-overlapping with the on duration 705. The on duration 705 may indicate a time span that is associated with the network node 110 enabling communications (e.g., transmission and/or reception by the network node) , and the off duration may indicate a second time span that is associated with the network node disabling communications. A network node operating in an enabled discontinuous operation mode may alternate and/or switch between enabling communications (e.g., during an on duration) and disabling communications (e.g., during an off duration) based at least in part on the cell DTX cycle and/or the cell DRX cycle. A network node operating in a disabled discontinuous operation mode may not alternate and/or switch between enabling communications (e.g., during an on duration) and disabling communications (e.g., during an off duration) . For example, a network node operating in a disabled discontinuous operating mode may maintain enabled communications.

As described above, the network node 110 may enable communication during the on duration 705 and/or the UE 120 may be expected to transmit and/or receive particular channels or signals during the on duration 705. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 110 may disable communication during the off duration 710. The off duration 710 may be alternatively, or additionally, referred to as an “inactive time” and/or an “uplink and/or downlink channel restriction window” for a discontinuous operation cycle. The configuration may indicate a starting time of the off duration 710 (e.g., a time offset) , a length of the off duration 710, and/or a length of the cycle 715 (e.g., a periodicity of the discontinuous operation cycle and/or a length of the discontinuous operation cycle) , among other examples.

One or more types of physical channels or signals may be restricted during the off duration 710 (e.g., a restricted channel or signal that is scheduled or configured during the off duration 710 may be dropped by the network node 110 and/or the UE 120) . That is, the network node 110 may enable discontinuous operation during the off duration 710 and/or the UE 120 may be expected to not transmit or receive particular channels or signals during the off duration 710. In some aspects, the network node 110 may enter a sleep state during the off duration 710 and/or disable hardware as described above. Downlink channels or signals restricted during the off duration 710 may include periodic and/or semi-persistent channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) that may include tracking reference signals (TRSs) , positioning reference signals (PRSs) , physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) scrambled with a UE-specific radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) , PDCCHs in a type-3 common search space (CSS) (e.g., a group-common PDCCH) , and/or semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) , among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, uplink channels or signals restricted during the off duration 710 may include scheduling requests, periodic and/or semi-persistent channel state information (CSI) reports, periodic and/or semi-persistent sounding reference signals (SRSs) , and/or configured grant (CG) physical uplink shared channel (PUSCHs) , among other examples. Physical channel or signal restrictions applicable to the off duration 710 may not be applicable to the on duration 705. While the network node 110 may signal a configured pattern for a discontinuous operation cycle, other examples may include the network node signaling and/or indicating a start of an on duration at a first point in time and/or an end of the on duration at a second point in time.

In some examples, during the off duration 710, the UE 120 may be expected to drop physical channels or signals associated with a minimal impact to UE implementation complexity or system performance. For example, in downlink, the UE 120 may drop reception of a PDCCH in a type-3 CSS, an SPS communication, a CSI-RS for generating CSI, and/or a CSI-RS for propagation delay compensation, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, in uplink, the UE 120 may drop transmission of a scheduling request, a CG communication, and/or CSI feedback, among other examples. In other examples, during the off duration 710, the UE 120 may not be expected to drop physical channels or signals associated with a high impact to UE implementation complexity or system performance. For example, in downlink, the UE 120 may receive a CSI-RS for tracking (e.g., a TRS) , a CSI-RS for positioning, a CSI-RS for beam management, and/or a CSI-RS for beam failure detection, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, in uplink, the UE 120 may transmit an SRS for positioning and/or a scheduling request, among other examples.

In some aspects, aligning transmission and reception of a wireless transceiver may result in increased power saving gains relative to not aligning transmission and reception of the wireless transceiver. To illustrate, a network node and/or UE may disable both transmitter hardware and receiver hardware simultaneously based at least in part on aligning a cell DTX cycle with a cell DRX cycle. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node and/or the UE may disable additional modules, such as a high speed clock and/or a baseband module, based at least in part on both transmitter hardware and receiver hardware being disabled simultaneously, to increase energy savings. Accordingly, aligning a first on duration occasion and/or a first off duration occasion of cell DTX with a second on duration occasion and/or a second off duration occasion of cell DRX such that the on durations and off durations, respectively, occur simultaneously and/or contemporaneously (e.g., within a threshold of one another) may increase network energy saving and/or UE energy saving relative to not aligning the on duration occasions and/or off duration occasions.

A network node operating in a disabled discontinuous operation mode may not disable communications (e.g., transmission and/or reception) and/or may not switch between enabling and disabling transmitter and/or receiver hardware. That is, the network node may maintain power and/or enabled communications based at least in part on operating in the disabled discontinuous operation mode. A network node operating in an enabled discontinuous operation mode may alternate and/or switch between disabling communications during operation in an off duration and enabling communications during operation in an on duration as described with regard to the example 700. To illustrate, a network node may alternate between disabling and/or enabling an energy radiating circuit based at least in part the enabled discontinuous operation mode, such as by reducing and/or terminating power to the energy radiating circuit in an off duration, and increasing and/or applying power to the energy radiating circuit in an on duration.

As described above, a network node (e.g., a network node 110) may transmit an energy signal that is used by an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE 120) to harvest and/or store energy. In some aspects, the network node may provide wider coverage of the energy signal relative to a battery-powered UE (e.g., another UE 120) and/or a standalone energy source device. For example, the network node may have a bigger antenna and/or a higher antenna (e.g., positioned at a higher vertical location) relative to the battery-powered UE and/or the standalone energy device. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node may have more stable and/or reliable energy than the battery-powered UE. In some aspects, an existing network node may be used as energy signal source to mitigate the addition of more hardware (e.g., a standalone source device) to a wireless network. However, in some scenarios, the network node may transition to an enabled discontinuous operation mode to increase energy savings, such as a first scenario associated with a cell load satisfying a low threshold and/or a second scenario associated with the network node identifying that none of the active UEs are associated with latency critical traffic. The transition of a network node to an enabled discontinuous operation mode may adversely impact an energy harvesting device. For instance, the network node may transmit an energy signal that is used by the energy harvesting device to harvest and/or store energy. Accordingly, the network node may not transmit the energy signal based at least in part on operating in an off duration, and the energy harvesting device may not harvest enough energy to power circuits that are used to transmit and/or receive signals. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device may attempt to transmit and/or receive signals that may not be received and/or transmitted by the network node during the off duration, resulting in the energy harvesting device needlessly consuming power and draining power resources.

Some techniques and apparatuses described herein provide modifying operation of an energy harvesting device base on a cell duty cycle configuration. In some aspects, an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE) may receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with a network node. For example, the energy harvesting device may receive a cell duty cycle configuration that is as associated with a network node that transmits an energy signal harvested by the energy harvesting device. Based at least in part on operating in an EHDC communication mode, the energy harvesting device may modify operation the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration. To illustrate, the operating duty cycle may include one or more respective ODC communication mode occasions and/or one or more ODC energy harvesting mode occasions that are synchronized and/or coinciding with one or more on duration occasions and/or off duration occasions indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

In some aspects, a wireless communication device (e.g., a network node 110 and/or a UE 120) may obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. As one example, the wireless communication device may be a UE, and the UE may obtain the indication from the network node by receiving a transmission. As another example, the wireless communication device may be the network node, and the network node may obtain the cell duty cycle configuration based at least in part on generating the cell duty cycle configuration. Based at least in part on obtaining the indication of the cell duty cycle configuration, the wireless communication device may transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device. For instance, the UE may transmit the indication to the energy harvesting device, the network node may transmit the indication to the energy harvesting device, and/or the network node may transmit the indication to the UE and instruct the UE to transmit the indication to the energy harvesting device.

Receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration enables an energy harvesting device UE (e.g., a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, an energy harvesting device 1304, and/or an apparatus 1600) to modify operation during an EHDC communication mode to reduce power consumption and/or preserve power resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device may switch energy signal sources based at least in part on an off duration of the cell duty cycle (e.g., and indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration) that is associated with a network node refraining from transmitting an energy signal. The ability to switch energy signal sources may increase an amount of energy harvested by the energy harvesting device and, subsequently, an amount of power stored by the energy harvesting device.

As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 of modifying operation of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

The example 800 includes an energy harvesting device 802 (e.g., a passive UE) and a network node 804 that may have an association with one another. To illustrate, the energy harvesting device 802 and the network node 804 may be at least part of, and/or associated with, a monostatic reader, such as that described with regard to the example 500 of Fig. 5A and the example 502 of Fig. 5B.

As described above, the energy harvesting device 802 may operate with an energy harvesting duty cycle 806 that is based at least in part on one or more EHDC communication modes 808 (show as EHDC communication mode 808-1 to EHDC communication mode 808-n, where n is an integer) and/or one or more EHDC energy harvesting modes 810 (shown as EHDC energy harvesting mode 810-1 to EHDC energy harvesting mode 810-n) . In some aspects, and as shown by reference number 812, the energy harvesting device 802 may modify operation during an EHDC communication mode based at least in part on a cell duty cycle configuration 814. “EHDC communication mode” and “EHDC energy harvesting mode” denote a communication mode and an energy harvesting mode, respectively, that are associated with characterizing an energy harvesting duty cycle.

To illustrate, the network node 804 may operate with an enabled discontinuous operation mode that is associated with the network node 804 switching between enabled communications (e.g., an on duration) and disabled communications (e.g., an off duration) as described with regard to Fig. 7. Accordingly, the cell duty cycle configuration 814 may indicate a pattern and/or cycle of occasions that are associated with the network node switching between an on duration 816 (shown by Fig. 8 as on duration 816-1, on duration 816-2, and on duration 816-m, where m is an integer) and an off duration 818 (shown by Fig. 8 as off duration 818-1, off duration 818-2, and off duration 818-m) . The on durations 816 may indicate occasions and/or time spans that are associated with the network node 804 operating with enabled communications, and the off durations 818 may indicate occasions and/or time spans that are associated with the network node 804 operating with disabled communications.

In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 802 may receive an indication of the cell duty cycle configuration 814. For instance, the network node 804 may transmit the indication based at least in part on an FL associated with the energy harvesting device 802, as described with regard to Fig. 5A. As another example, the network node 804 may transmit the indication to a UE based at least in part on a Uu link, and the UE may forward the indication based at least in part on an FL associated with the energy harvesting device 802, as described with regard to Fig. 5B. Based at least in part on receiving the indication of the cell duty cycle configuration 814, the energy harvesting device 802 may modify an EHDC communication mode 808 (e.g., the EHDC communication mode 808-1 and/or the EHDC communication mode 808-n) .

As one example, the energy harvesting device may modify the EHDC communication mode 808 based at least in part on an operating duty cycle 820, and the operating duty cycle 820 may be based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration 814. For instance, the operating duty cycle 820 may be configured to synchronize one or more occasions of the operating duty cycle 820 to coincide with one or more occasions of the cell duty cycle configuration 814. To illustrate, the operating duty cycle 820 may include one or more ODC communication modes 822 (shown as ODC communication mode 822-1, ODC communication mode 822-2, and ODC communication mode 822-m) that represent occasions and/or time spans that are associated with the energy harvesting device 802 operating with enabled communications. Alternatively, or additionally, the operating duty cycle 820 may include one or more ODC energy harvesting modes 824 (shown as ODC energy harvesting mode 822-1, ODC energy harvesting mode 824-2, and ODC energy harvesting mode 822-m) that represent occasions and/or time spans that are associated with the energy harvesting device 802 operating with enabled energy harvesting circuitry (and/or disabled communications) . Accordingly, for a duration associated with the EHDC communication mode 808-1, the energy harvesting device 802 may modify operation based at least in part on the operating duty cycle 820. “ODC communication mode” and “ODC energy harvesting mode” denote a communication mode and an energy harvesting mode, respectively, that are associated with characterizing an operating duty cycle.

In some aspects, the operating duty cycle 820 may be configured to synchronize the ODC communication modes 822 with the on durations 816 of the network node 804. To illustrate, the operating duty cycle 820 may be configured to synchronize the ODC communication mode 822-1 to coincide with the on duration 816-1 of the network node 804. The energy harvesting device 802 may enable communications during the ODC communication mode 822-1. For instance, the energy harvesting device 802 may enable hardware during the ODC communication mode 822- 1 that coincides with the on duration 816-1, such as by increasing and/or applying power to transmitter hardware, receiver hardware, and/or an amplifier in a communication chain (e.g., a transmitter hardware chain and/or a receiver hardware chain) . In some aspects, the operating duty cycle 820 may be configured to synchronize the ODC energy harvesting modes 824 with the off durations 816 of the network node 804. For example, as shown by Fig. 8, the operating duty cycle 820 may be configured to synchronize the ODC energy harvesting mode 824-1 with the off duration 818-1. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 802 may disable hardware during the ODC energy harvesting mode 824-1 that coincides with the off duration 818-1 indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration 814. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 802 may reduce an amount of power applied to transmitter and/or receiver hardware.

In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 802 may have N packets (N being an integer) to transmit, and a length of an on duration 816 associated with the network node 804 (and an ODC communication mode 822 duration) may be insufficient for transmitting an entirety of the N packets. Accordingly, in some aspects, the energy harvesting device 802 may prioritize the N packets and/or may not transmit M lowest priority packets (M being an integer) during the ODC communication mode duration. That is, the energy harvesting device 802 may drop and/or not transmit the M lowest priority packets. As one example, the energy harvesting device 802 may use a priority threshold such that packets with a respective priority that satisfy the priority threshold are transmitted, and packets with a respective priority that fail to satisfy the priority threshold are not transmitted. As another example, the priority threshold may indicate a maximum number of packets that may be transmitted during the on duration 816 of the network node 804 (and the ODC communication mode 822 duration) , and the energy harvesting device 802 may transmit the top priority packets up to the maximum number of packets indicated by the priority threshold. In some aspects, the network node 804 and/or a UE may indicate the priority threshold to the energy harvesting device 802.

Receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration enables an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE) to modify operation during a communication mode to reduce power consumption and/or preserve power resources. In some aspects, the cell duty cycle configuration (and/or an operating duty cycle associated with the cell duty cycle configuration) may be preconfigured by the network node and/or another UE based at least in part on one or more duty cycle configurations as described above and below. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device may switch energy signal sources as described below, resulting in an increased an amount of energy harvested by the energy harvesting device and, subsequently, an amount of power stored by the energy harvesting device.

As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.

Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 of modifying operation of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure. The example 900 includes the energy harvesting device 802 and the network node 804, as described with regard to Fig. 8. In some aspects, and as shown by Fig. 9, the energy harvesting device 802 may operate based at least in part on the energy harvesting duty cycle 806, and the network node 804 may operate based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration 814, as described with regard to Fig. 8.

As shown by reference number 902, the energy harvesting device 802 may modify operation of a EHDC communication mode 808 (e.g., the EHDC communication mode 808-1) based at least in part on multiple duty cycle configurations. To illustrate, the network node 804 and/or a UE may indicate multiple device duty cycle configurations (e.g., one or more cell duty cycle configurations and/or one or more UE operating duty cycle configurations) to the energy harvesting device 802 in a similar manner as described with regard to Fig. 8, and the energy harvesting device 802 may configure a respective operating duty cycle for each device duty cycle configuration, such as a first duty cycle configuration 904 and/or a second duty cycle configuration 906. The first duty cycle configuration 904 includes two ODC communication modes, shown as ODC communication mode 908 and ODC communicatoins mode 910, and two ODC energy harvesting modes, shown as ODC energy harvesting mode 912 and ODC energy harvesting mode 914. The second duty cycle configuration 906 includes an ODC communication mode 916 and two ODC energy harvesting modes, shown as ODC energy harvesting mode 918 and ODC energy harvesting mode 920.

In some aspects, the network node 804 and/or the UE may indicate, to the energy harvesting device 802, a duty cycle selection, from the multiple duty cycle configurations, that indicates a particular duty cycle configuration to use for modifying operation of an EHDC communication mode 808. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 804 and/or the UE may indicate a cycle selection configuration. To illustrate, the network node 804 and/or the UE may indicate a cycle selection configuration that specifies to operate in an ODC communication mode for every second on duration of the network node 110 (e.g., to operate in an ODC communication mode every other on duration of the network node 110) . As another example, the cycle selection configuration may specify to use, as the operating duty cycle, the first duty cycle configuration 904 based at least in part on a first operating mode of the network node 804 (e.g., a cell duty cycle enabled mode and/or an enabled discontinuous operation mode) and/or to use, as the operating duty cycle, the second duty cycle configuration 906 based at least in part on a second operating mode of the network node 804 (e.g., a cell duty cycle disabled mode and/or a disabled discontinuous operation mode) . Accordingly, in some aspects, the energy harvesting device 802 may perform selection of the particular duty cycle configuration, such as by selecting the particular duty cycle configuration based at least in part on a cycle selection configuration.

The energy harvesting device 802 may use multiple duty cycle configurations simultaneously for modifying operation of an EHDC communication mode 808. For instance, and as shown by Fig. 9, the energy harvesting device 802 may use both the first duty cycle configuration 904 and the second duty cycle configuration 906 to modify operation of the EHDC communication mode 808-1, such as combining the multiple duty cycle configurations based at least in part on prioritizing ODC communication mode occasions over ODC energy harvesting mode occasions (or vice versa) to determine how to select conflicting modes in the multiple duty cycle configurations. The multiple duty cycle configurations may be associated with a same device (e.g., the network node 804) and/or may be associated with different devices. Accordingly, the cell duty cycle configuration (and/or an operating duty cycle associated with the cell duty cycle configuration) may be preconfigured by the network node and/or another UE based at least in part on one or more duty cycle configurations.

Receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration enables an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE) to modify operation during a communication mode to reduce power consumption and/or preserve power resources. In some aspects, the cell duty cycle configuration (and/or an operating duty cycle associated with the cell duty cycle configuration) may be preconfigured by the network node and/or another UE based at least in part on one or more duty cycle configurations as described above and below. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device may switch energy signal sources described below, resulting in an increased an amount of energy harvested by the energy harvesting device and, subsequently, an amount of power stored by the energy harvesting device.

As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 9.

Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a first example 1000 and a second example 1002 of modifying operation of an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

An energy harvesting device may maintain multiple clocks, such as a high speed clock and a low speed clock. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device may maintain the low speed clock in a communication mode (e.g., an ODC communication mode and/or an EHDC communication mode) and an energy harvesting mode (e.g., an ODC communication mode and/or an EHDC communication mode) . That is, the energy harvesting device may disable the high speed clock based at least in part on transitioning to the energy harvesting mode and may keep the low speed clock enabled during operation in in both the communication mode and the energy harvesting mode. Maintaining the low speed clock may enable an energy harvesting device to switch between operating in a communication mode and an energy harvesting mode in a more reliable manner relative to switching between operating in the communication mode and the energy harvesting mode without maintaining a clock. Alternatively, or additionally, maintaining the low speed clock may enable the energy harvesting to switch operating duty cycles.

To illustrate, the first example 1000 represents an example of a first energy harvesting duty cycle that is associated with an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE) switching between operating in an EHDC communication mode and an EHDC energy harvesting mode. For instance, in the first example 1000, the first energy harvesting duty cycle includes three EHDC communication modes, shown as an EHDC communication mode 1004, an EHDC communication mode 1006, and an EHDC communication mode 1008, and two EHDC energy harvesting modes, shown as an EHDC energy harvesting mode 1010 and an EHDC energy harvesting mode 1012. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device may modify operation of an EHDC communication mode based at least in part on an operating duty cycle as shown by reference number 1014.

In the first example 1000, the energy harvesting device may disable the local clocks during an EHDC energy harvesting mode. That is, the energy harvesting device may disable both a high speed clock (e.g., when present in the energy harvesting device) and a low speed clock (e.g., when present in the energy harvesting device) . Accordingly, a first time duration 1016 between end of the EHDC communication mode 1004 and a start of the EHDC communication mode 1006 may differ from a second time duration 1018 between end of the EHDC communication mode 1006 and a start of the EHDC communication mode 1008. That is, the difference between the first time duration 1016 and the second time duration 1018 may satisfy an error threshold such that the EHDC communication mode 1008 is unsynchronized to an on duration of a network node 110 and/or the EHDC communication mode 1008 is asynchronous to the EHDC communication mode 1004.

The second example 1002 represents an example of a second energy harvesting duty cycle that is associated with an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE) switching between operating in an EHDC communication mode and an EHDC energy harvesting mode. In the second example 1002, the second energy harvesting duty cycle includes three EHDC communication modes, shown as an EHDC communication mode 1020, an EHDC communication mode 1022, and an EHDC communication mode 1024, and two EHDC energy harvesting modes, shown as EHDC energy harvesting mode 1026 and EHDC energy harvesting mode 1028. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device may maintain a clock (e.g., a low speed clock and/or a low frequency clock) during the EHDC energy harvesting mode 1026 and the EHDC energy harvesting mode 1028. That is, the energy harvesting device may provide power to the clock to increase a reliability (e.g., within a margin of error) of transitioning to a communication mode (e.g., within a margin of error) . To illustrate, a first duration 1030 between an end of the EHDC communication mode 1020 and a start of the EHDC communication mode 1022 may be commensurate (e.g., within the margin of error) as a second duration 1032 between an end of the EHDC communication mode 1022 and a start of the EHDC communication mode 1024. Alternatively, or additionally, a first start time of the EHDC communication mode 1020 may coincide (e.g., within the margin of error) with one or more discontinuous operation cycles associated with a first network node, and a second start time of the EHDC communication mode 1022 may coincide (e.g., within the margin of error) with one or more discontinuous operation cycles associated with a second network node.

Increased accuracy in when the energy harvesting device operates in the communication mode (e.g., based at least in part on an enabled clock during an energy harvesting mode) may enable the energy harvesting device to switch the respective operating duty cycle used to modify a respective EHDC communication mode. For example, the energy harvesting device may utilize a first operating duty cycle 1034 to modify the EHDC communication mode 1022, and may switch to a second operating duty cycle 1036 to modify the EHDC communication mode 1024. As described above, different operating duty cycles and/or different cell duty cycle configurations may be preconfigured at the energy harvesting device to enable fast switching between the operating duty cycles that are applied to consecutive EHDC communication modes.

In some aspects, a network node, a UE, and/or the energy harvesting device may select the operating duty cycles and/or identify operating condition that associated with switching the operating duty cycles, such as an operating condition associated with an operating mode of a network node (e.g., a cell duty cycle configuration being enabled or disabled at the network node) , an operating condition associated with a first communication mode being associated with a different network node than a second communication mode (e.g., a first ODC communication mode is associated with a first network node, a second ODC communication mode is associated with a second network node, and each network node has a different cell duty cycle configuration) , and/or an operating condition associated with power availability and/or a power level for powering an energy emitter at the energy harvesting device (e.g., enough power available to transmit at a particular transmission power level) . For example, a UE may select the operating duty cycles and/or a switch in operating duty cycles and indicate switch to the energy harvesting device as described with regard to Fig. 5B. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device may select the select the operating duty cycles and/or a switch in operating duty cycles based at least in part on an operating condition at the energy harvesting device.

Enabling a clock during an energy harvesting mode may enable an energy harvesting device to transition to a communication mode (e.g., an EHDC communication mode) at a particular time with more accuracy relative to disabling the clock during the energy harvesting mode. The ability to transition to the communication mode at the particular time with more accuracy may enable the energy harvesting device to switch between operating duty cycles based on changing operating modes, and/or to communicate with multiple devices, without needless power consumption and preserve energy at the energy harvesting device.

As indicated above, Fig. 10 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 10.

Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a first example 1100 and a second example 1102 of modifying a communication mode, in accordance with the present disclosure.

As shown by Fig. 11, the first example 1100 includes a network node operating mode 1104 that is associated with a network node 110 operating in an on mode and/or a disabled discontinuous operation mode. That is, the network node 110 may remain in an on duration and/or may not switch between an on duration and an off duration as described with regard to Fig. 7. The first example 1100 also includes a passive UE 120 (e.g., an energy harvesting device) that may operate with a clock enabled (e.g., a low speed clock) during operation in an energy harvesting mode. As shown by reference number 1106, the passive UE 120 may switch between an energy harvesting mode and a communication mode.

At a first time 1108, a battery of the passive UE 120 may be low on power. To illustrate, a power level of the battery may satisfy a low power threshold. Accordingly, the passive UE 120 may switch to operating in the energy harvesting mode to harvest and/or store power in the battery. At a time 1110, a power level of the battery may satisfy an adequate power threshold (e.g., a power threshold associated with having adequate power to operate receiver hardware and/or an energy emitter) . Accordingly, the passive UE 120 may switch to operating in the communication mode at time 1110 and, at time 1112, may switch to operating in the energy harvesting mode. The switch at time 1112 may be based at least in part on the power level of the battery satisfying the low power threshold, and/or a configured duration of the communication mode.

To illustrate, based at least in part on the network node 110 operating in a disabled discontinuous operation mode, the passive UE 120 may configure, and/or may be configured with, a shorter communication mode duration relative to a communication mode duration that is associated with the network node 110 operating in an enabled discontinuous operation mode. For example, as shown by reference number 1114, a disabled discontinuous operation mode may enable the network node to transmit, and the passive UE 120 to receive, multiple packets during the shorter communication mode duration. In some aspects, the adequate power threshold used by the passive UE 120 to switch to the communication mode may be based at least in part on a duration of the communication mode (e.g., the shorter communication duration) and/or an operating state of the network node. To illustrate, a first amount of power consumed by the passive UE 120 to receive transmissions during the shorter communication duration may be less than a second amount of power consumed by the passive UE 120 to receive transmissions during a longer communication duration as described with regard to the second example 1102. Accordingly, and based at least in part on the operating state of the network, the adequate power threshold may be based at least in part on a lesser amount of power (e.g., the first amount of power) .

The second example 1102 includes a network node operating mode 1116 that is associated with a network node 110 operating in an enabled discontinuous operation mode. That is, the network node 110 may switch between an on duration and an off duration as described with regard to Fig. 7. The second example 1102 also includes a passive UE 120 (e.g., an energy harvesting device) that may operate with a clock enabled (e.g., a low speed clock) during operation in an energy harvesting mode. As shown by reference number 1118, the passive UE 120 may switch between an energy harvesting mode and a communication mode.

At a first time 1120, a battery of the passive UE 120 may be low on power (e.g., a power level of the battery may satisfy a low power threshold) . Accordingly, the passive UE 120 may switch to operating in the energy harvesting mode to harvest and/or store power in the battery. At a time 1122, a power level of the battery may satisfy an adequate power threshold (e.g., a threshold associated with having enough power to operate transmitter hardware and/or receiver hardware) . In some aspects, the adequate power threshold may be based at least in part on an operating state of the network node 110 (e.g., an enabled discontinuous operation mode) . Accordingly, the passive UE 120 may switch to operating in the communication mode at time 1122 and, at time 1124, may switch to operating in the energy harvesting mode. The switch at time 1124 may be based at least in part on the power level of the battery satisfying the low power threshold, and or a configured duration of the communication mode.

Based at least in part on the network node 110 operating in an enabled discontinuous operation mode, the passive UE 120 may configure, and/or may be configured with, a longer communication mode duration relative to a communication mode duration that is associated with the network node 110 operating in a disabled discontinuous operation mode as described with regard to the first example 1100. For example, as shown by reference number 1126, an enabled discontinuous operation mode may result in the network node 110 switching between an on duration and an off duration, resulting in the network node 110 using a longer duration to transmit a same number of packets as transmitted in the first example 1100. Accordingly, the passive UE 120 may configure the communication mode with the longer communication mode duration relative to the shorter communication mode duration that is associated with the first example 1100. In a similar manner as described with regard to the first example 1100, the adequate power threshold used by the passive UE 120 to identify a switch to the communication mode may be based at least in part on a duration of the communication mode (e.g., the longer communication duration) . According, and based at least in part on the operating state of the network, the adequate power threshold described with the second example 1102 may be a higher value relative to the adequate power threshold described with regard to the first example 1100. That is, the adequate power threshold described with regard to the second example 1102 may be based at least in part on a higher amount of power (e.g., the second amount of power described above) .

As indicated above, Fig. 11 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 11.

Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example 1200 of multiple energy sources that are associated with an energy harvesting device, in accordance with the present disclosure. The example 1200 includes an energy harvesting device 1202 (e.g., a passive UE 120) , a network node 1204, and a UE 1206 (e.g., another UE 120) . In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1202 may harvest energy based at least in part on multiple energy signals and/or multiple devices. For example, the energy harvesting device 1202 may harvest energy based at least in part on a first energy signal transmitted by the network node 1204 and/or a second energy signal transmitted by the UE 1206.

In the example 1200, the energy harvesting device 1202 may operate based at least in part on an energy harvesting duty cycle 1208 that is configured with one or more EHDC communication modes and/or one or more EHDC energy harvesting modes. As shown by reference number 1210, the energy harvesting device 1202 may modify operation of an EHDC communication mode 1212 based at least in part on an operating duty cycle 1214 and/or a cell duty cycle configuration 1216. To illustrate a first ODC communication mode 1218 of the operating duty cycle 1214 may coincide with, and/or be based at least in part on, a first on duration 1220 of the cell duty cycle configuration 1216, and a second ODC communication mode 1222 of the operating duty cycle 1214 may coincide with, and/or be based at least in part on, a second on duration 1224 of the cell duty cycle configuration 1216.

As shown by Fig. 12, the energy harvesting device 1202 may operate in an ODC energy harvesting mode 1226 that occurs in between the first ODC communication mode 1218 and the second ODC communication mode 1222. Based at least in part on operating in the ODC energy harvesting mode 1226, the energy harvesting device 1202 may harvest and/or store energy based at least in part on a transmission by the network node 1204 during a third on duration 1228 that is between the first one duration 1220 and the second one duration 1224. However, the network node 1204 may operate in an off duration for at least a portion of the ODC energy harvesting mode 1226, as shown by off duration 1230 and off duration 1232. Accordingly, the network node 1204 may disable transmissions during the off duration 1230 and the off duration 1232 and, subsequently, may not transmit an energy signal during the off durations. The network node 1204 not transmitting an energy signal may result in a reduced amount of energy harvested by the energy harvesting device 1202.

In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1202 may harvest energy based at least in part on multiple energy signals and/or multiple devices. To illustrate, the UE 1206 may operate in a sleep mode 1234 for at least a first portion of the ODC energy harvesting mode 1226 and transition to an enabled transmission mode 1236 for at least a second portion of the ODC energy harvesting mode 1226. The UE 1206 may be configured (e.g., via the network node 1204) to operate in the enabled transmission mode 1236 during a time span that does not overlap with the on duration 1220, the on duration 1224, and/or the on duration 1228 of the network node 1204. That is, the UE 1206 may enable the transmission mode and transmit an energy signal during a time span that the network node 1204 has disabled transmissions. Accordingly, while operating in the ODC energy harvesting mode 1226, the energy harvesting device 1202 may harvest energy from a first energy signal transmitted by the network node 1204 during the on duration 1228 and/or may harvest energy from a second energy signal transmitted by the UE 1206 during the enabled transmission mode 1236.

In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1202 may receive an indication of a radio frequency source switch (e.g., an energy source switch) . For example, the network node 1204 may transmit the indication based at least in part on an FL as described with regard to Fig. 5A, and/or the UE 1206 may transmit the indication based at least in part on an FL as described with regard to Fig. 5B. In some aspects, the network node 1204 may transmit the indication during a discontinuous reception (DRX) off duration that is associated with reception being disabled at the network node 1204. The indication may include a start time associated with the radio frequency source switch, a duration of the radio frequency source switch, and/or a frequency associated with the radio frequency source switch. Alternatively, or additionally, the network node 1204 may configure the UE 1206 to transmit an energy signal and/or may configure the energy signal, such as by configuring a start time of the energy signal, a duration of the energy signal, and/or a frequency of the energy signal. For visual clarity, the example 1200 includes a single UE (e.g., the UE 1206) transmitting an energy signal to the energy harvesting device 1202 in combination with the network node 1204, but other examples may include multiple UEs that transmit respective energy signals.

Based at least in part on receiving the indication, the energy harvesting device 1202 may enable and/or disable hardware. For example, based at least in part on a distance between the energy harvesting device 1202 and the network node 1204, the energy harvesting device 1202 may enable a low noise amplifier (LNA) to receive signals from and/or to transmit signals to the network node 1204. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1202 may disable the LNA to receive the energy signal from the UE 1206. To illustrate, the UE 1206 may be located closer to the energy harvesting device 1202 relative to the network node 1204. Accordingly, to preserve power and/or energy, the energy harvesting device 1202 may disable the LNA for a time span that is associated with the UE 1206 transmitting the energy signal and/or the UE 1206 being located within a distance threshold to the energy harvesting device 1202. As another example, the energy harvesting device 1202 may tune receiver hardware from a first frequency associated with a first energy signal to a second frequency associated with a second energy signal.

Alternatively, or additionally, and based at least in part on receiving the indication, the energy harvesting device 1202 may prioritize transmission and/or reception of packets. For instance, different RF sources for an energy signal may be observed differently by the energy harvesting device 1202. For instance, the energy harvesting device 1202 may observe a first transmission by first RF source as being more reliable (e.g., has a higher power level, is received more frequently, and/or has fewer bit errors) relative to a second transmission by a second RF source. Accordingly, the energy harvesting device 1202 may prioritize transmissions and/or receptions associated with the lower reliability RF source over transmissions and/or receptions associated with the higher reliability RF source. For example, the energy harvesting device 1202 may prioritize receiving a first packet from the low reliability RF source during a first on duration of the low reliability RF source over receiving a second packet from the high reliability RF source during a second on duration of the high reliability RF source based at least in part on the frequency of the first on duration being lower relative to the second off duration.

In some aspects, based at least in part on receiving the indication, the energy harvesting device 1202 may change from operating in a semi-passive state (e.g., using a battery as a power source) to a passive state (e.g., not using a battery as a power source) for the different RF sources of an energy signal. To illustrate, the network node 1204 may be located at a first distance that is farther away from the energy harvesting device 1202 relative to a second distance associated with a location of the UE 1206. Accordingly, the energy harvesting device 1202 may operate in the semi-passive state for a first duration that is associated with the network node 1204 being an RF source to increase a transmission and/or reception range. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 1202 may operate in the passive state for a second duration that is associated with the UE 1206 being an RF source that is closer to the energy harvesting device 1202.

As indicated above, Fig. 12 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 12.

Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example 1300 of a wireless communication process between at least a network node 1302 (e.g., the network node 110) and an energy harvesting device 1304 (e.g., a passive UE 120) , in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, the example 1300 may include a UE 1306 (e.g., another UE 120) . To illustrate, some of the signaling between the network node 1302 and the energy harvesting device 1304 may be configured as described with regard to Fig. 5A. In other examples, the signaling between the network node 1302 and the energy harvesting device 1304 may be configured as described with regard to Fig. 5B. Accordingly, at least some of the transmissions by the network node 1302 described with regard to the example 1300 may alternatively or additionally be performed by the UE 1306 as described with regard to Fig. 5B.

As shown by reference number 1310, a network node 1302 and an energy harvesting device 1304 may establish communication. As one example, the network node 1302 may transmit an energy signal that is received and/or harvested by the energy harvesting device 1304. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1304 may harvest sufficient power to enable transmitter hardware and/or receiver hardware. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 1304 may harvest sufficient power to receive a communication that includes information and/or to transmit a communication that includes information.

As shown by reference number 1320, the network node 1302 may transmit, and the energy harvesting device 1304 may receive, an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration. For example, and as described with regard to Fig. 8, the network node 1302 may indicate a cell duty cycle configuration that indicates one or more on duration occasions that each indicate a respective time span that is associated with reception at the network node being enabled and/or transmission at the network node being enabled. Alternatively, or additionally, the cell duty cycle configuration may indicate one or more off duration occasions that each indicate a respective time span that is associated with reception at the network node being disabled and/or transmission at the network node being disabled. While Fig. 13 shows the network node 1302 transmitting the indication of the cell duty cycle configuration to the energy harvesting device as described with regard to Fig. 5A, other examples may include the network node 1302 and/or the UE 1306 transmitting the indication of the cell duty cycle configuration to the energy harvesting device 1304 as described with regard to Fig. 5B.

In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1304 may receive multiple device duty cycle configurations (e.g., multiple cell duty cycle configurations) . As one example, the energy harvesting device 1304 may receive the multiple device duty cycle configurations via the network node 1302. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 1304 may receive the multiple device duty cycle configurations via the UE 1306. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1304 may receive a respective device duty cycle configuration from each of multiple devices (e.g., a first network node and a second network node, a network node and a UE, and/or a first UE and a second UE, among other examples) . Each device duty cycle configuration may be associated with a respective device (e.g., a respective network node or UE) and/or multiple device duty cycle configurations may be associated with a same device (e.g., a same network node) . In some aspects, the network node 1302 may obtain the cell duty cycle configuration based at least in part on calculating a configuration for a cell duty cycle, such as by calculating the configuration based at least in part on a number of active UEs connected to the network node 1302 and/or whether any of the active UEs are associated with high priority data traffic. Alternatively, or additionally, the UE 1306 may obtain the cell duty cycle configuration based at least in part on the network node 1302 transmitting an indication of the cell duty cycle configuration to the UE 1306.

In some aspects, the network node 1302 and/or the UE 1306 may transmit an instruction to select the cell duty cycle configuration, from the multiple device duty cycle configurations, as a configuration basis for an operating duty cycle and/or an instruction to configure the operating duty cycle based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration. Accordingly, the network node 1302 and/or the UE 1306 may select the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations, such as by selecting the cell duty cycle based at least in part on an operating mode of the network node 1302. However, in other aspects, the energy harvesting device 1304 may select the cell duty cycle configuration as described below with regard to reference number 1350.

As shown by reference number 1330, the network node 1302 may transmit, and the energy harvesting device 1304 may receive, an operating mode indication. To illustrate, the network node 1302 may transmit an indication that the network node 1302 is operating with an enabled discontinuous operation mode and/or a disabled continuous operation mode. While Fig. 13 shows the network node 1302 transmitting the operating mode indication to the energy harvesting device as described with regard to Fig. 5A, other examples may include the network node 1302 and/or the UE 1306 transmitting the operating mode indication to the energy harvesting device 1304 as described with regard to Fig. 5B.

As shown by reference number 1340, the network node 1302 may transmit, and the energy harvesting device 1304 may receive, a radio frequency source switch indication. That is, the network node 1302 may indicate to use another RF source and/or multiple RF sources for an energy signal as described with regard to Fig. 12. For example, the radio frequency source switch indication may specify to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device (e.g., the UE 1306) based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration. While Fig. 13 shows the network node 1302 transmitting the radio frequency source switch indication to the energy harvesting device as described with regard to Fig. 5A, other examples may include the network node 1302 and/or the UE 1306 transmitting the radio frequency source switch indication to the energy harvesting device 1304 as described with regard to Fig. 5B.

As shown by reference number 1350, the energy harvesting device 1304 may configure an operating duty cycle. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 1304 may modify operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on the operating duty cycle. To illustrate, the energy harvesting device may modify operation of an EHDC communication mode based at least in part on the operating duty cycle as described with regard to any combination of Figs. 8-12. In some aspects, the operating duty cycle may be based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration, such as by synchronizing an ODC communication mode occasion to coincide with an on duration occasion of the cell duty cycle configuration and/or by synchronizing an ODC energy harvesting mode occasion to coincide with an off mode that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

As described above with regard to reference number 1320, the energy harvesting device 1304 may receive an instruction that indicates to select and/or use a particular cell duty cycle configuration (e.g., from multiple device duty cycle configurations) as a configuration bases of the operating duty cycle. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 1304 may select the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations based at least in part on an operating condition, such as an operating mode of the network node, a first ODC communication mode being associated with a different network node than a second ODC communication mode, and/or a power level associated with powering an energy emitter.

As one example, the operating condition may be associated with an operating mode of the network node, where a first operating mode may associated a disabled discontinuous operation mode and a second operating mode may associated with an enabled discontinuous operation mode. Accordingly, a first operating duty cycle that is associated with the first operating mode may include at least a first ODC communication mode occasion and a first ODC energy harvesting mode occasion, and a second operating duty cycle that is associated with the second operating mode may include at least a second ODC communication mode occasion and a second ODC energy harvesting mode occasion. In some aspects, the first ODC communication mode occasion and the first ODC energy harvesting mode occasion (e.g., associated with a disabled discontinuous operation mode) may have shorter durations relative to a second ODC communication mode occasion and a second ODC energy harvesting mode occasion (e.g., associated with an enabled discontinuous operation mode) as described with regard to Fig. 11. In some aspects, the second ODC energy harvesting mode occasion has a longer duration than the second ODC communication mode occasion as shown by reference number 1118 of Fig. 11.

In some aspects, the operating duty cycle may be based at least in part on multiple device duty cycle configurations, such as the cell duty cycle configuration and at least a second duty cycle configuration. For instance, and as described with regard to Fig. 9, a configuration of the operating duty cycle may be based at least in part on combining multiple device duty cycle configurations and/or prioritizing communication mode occasions over energy harvesting mode occasions (or vice versa) to determine how to select conflicting modes in the multiple duty cycle configurations.

As shown by reference number 1360, the network node 1302, the energy harvesting device 1304, and/or the UE 1306 may communicate based at least in part on the operating duty cycle. As one example, the energy harvesting device 1304 may enable, during an ODC communication mode, transmission and/or reception by the energy harvesting device, such as by increasing and/or applying power to transmitter hardware and/or receiver hardware. The ODC communication mode may be synchronized to coincide with an on duration occasion of the network node 1302. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 1304 may enable, during an ODC energy harvesting mode, power harvesting by the energy harvesting device. That is, the energy harvesting device 1304 may decrease and/or terminate power to the transmitter hardware and/or receiver hardware. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1304 may apply, during the ODC energy harvesting mode, an amount of power to the receiver hardware that enables the energy harvesting device 1304 to harvest power but not receive an information communication.

In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1304 may switch from using a first operating duty cycle to modify a first EHDC communication mode to using a second operating duty cycle to modify a second EHDC communication mode. To illustrate, the energy harvesting device 1304 may switch between the first operating duty cycle to the second operating duty cycle based at least in part on an operating condition and/or an enabled clock (e.g., a low speed clock) at the energy harvesting device 1304 as described with regard to Fig. 10.

Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 1304 may change a hardware configuration based at least in part on receiving a switch indication (e.g., an radio frequency source switch indication) , such as by enabling a low noise amplifier and/or tuning a receiver from a first frequency band that is associated with a first RF source (e.g., the network node 1302) to a second frequency band that is associated with a second RF source (e.g., the UE 1306) . Accordingly, the network node 1302 and/or the UE 1306 may transmit an energy signal as at least part of communicating with the energy harvesting device 1304.

In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1304 may transmit one or more packets (e.g., during an on duration occasion of the network node 1302 and/or the UE 1306 having enabled receiver hardware) based at least in part on packet prioritization, such as by transmitting one or more packets that satisfy a priority threshold and/or not transmitting one or more packets that fail to satisfy the priority threshold. In some aspects, the energy harvesting device 1304 may transmit a packet that fails to satisfy the priority threshold during an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device 1304 may drop transmission of a packet that fails to satisfy a priority threshold.

Receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration enables an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE) to modify operation during a communication mode to reduce power consumption and/or preserve power resources. Alternatively, or additionally, the energy harvesting device may switch energy signal sources based at least in part on an off duration of the cell duty cycle (e.g., and indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration) that is associated with a network node refraining from transmitting an energy signal. The ability to switch energy signal sources may increase an amount of energy harvested by the energy harvesting device and, subsequently, an amount of power stored by the energy harvesting device.

As indicated above, Fig. 13 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 13.

Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1400 performed, for example, at an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, an energy harvesting device 1304, and/or an apparatus 1600) or an apparatus of an energy harvesting device (e.g., a UE 120, a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, an energy harvesting device 1304, and/or an apparatus 1600) , in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1400 is an example where the apparatus or the energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, an energy harvesting device 1304, and/or an apparatus 1600) performs operations associated with modifying operation of an energy harvesting device based on a cell duty cycle configuration.

As shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node (block 1410) . For example, the energy harvesting device (e.g., using reception component 1602 and/or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node, as described above.

As further shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include modifying, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration (block 1420) . For example, the energy harvesting device (e.g., using communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may modify, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration, as described above.

Process 1400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, modifying the operation of the energy harvesting device includes enabling, during an ODC communication mode, at least one of transmission or reception by the energy harvesting device, and enabling, during an ODC energy harvesting mode, power harvesting by the energy harvesting device.

In a second aspect, the operating duty cycle includes at least one of an ODC communication mode that is based at least in part on an on duration that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, or an ODC energy harvesting mode that is based at least in part on an off duration that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

In a third aspect, the on duration is associated with at least one of at the network node being enabled, or transmission at the network node being enabled.

In a fourth aspect, the off duration is associated with at least one of at the network node being disabled, or transmission at the network node being disabled.

In a fifth aspect, process 1400 includes receiving multiple device duty cycle configurations, the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations, and process 1400 includes selecting the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the operating duty cycle.

In a sixth aspect, process 1400 includes receiving an instruction to select the cell duty cycle configuration, from the multiple device duty cycle configurations, as the configuration basis.

In a seventh aspect, selecting the cell duty cycle configuration is based at least in part on an operating mode of the network node.

In an eighth aspect, the operating duty cycle is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration and at least a second duty cycle configuration.

In a ninth aspect, the operating duty cycle is a first operating duty cycle, and process 1400 includes switching from using the first operating duty cycle to a second operating duty cycle based at least in part on an operating condition, and an enabled clock at the energy harvesting device.

In a tenth aspect, process 1400 includes receiving an indication of the operating condition.

In an eleventh aspect, the network node is a first network node, and the operating condition based at least in part on at least one of: an operating mode of the first network node, a first ODC communication mode being associated with a different network node than a second ODC communication mode, or a power level associated with powering an energy emitter.

In a twelfth aspect, the operating mode of the first network node is a disabled discontinuous operation mode, the first operating duty cycle is associated with the operating mode, the first operating duty cycle includes a first ODC communication mode occasion and a first ODC energy harvesting mode occasion, the first ODC communication mode occasion and the first ODC energy harvesting mode occasion have shorter durations relative to a second ODC communication mode occasion and a second ODC energy harvesting mode occasion that are included in the second operating duty cycle, and the second operating duty cycle is associated with an enabled discontinuous operation mode.

In a thirteenth aspect, the second ODC energy harvesting mode occasion has a longer duration than the second ODC communication mode occasion.

In a fourteenth aspect, the network node is a first device, and process 1400 includes receiving a switch indication that indicates to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

In a fifteenth aspect, process 1400 includes enabling an LNA based at least in part on the switch indication and the off duration occasion.

In a sixteenth aspect, process 1400 includes tuning a receiver to a frequency band associated with the second device based at least in part on the switch indication and the off duration occasion.

In a seventeenth aspect, process 1400 includes transmitting, based at least in part on an on duration occasion indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a first packet that satisfies a priority threshold, and transmitting, based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a second packet that fails to satisfy the priority threshold.

In an eighteenth aspect, process 1400 includes dropping transmission of a packet that fails to satisfy a priority threshold.

Although Fig. 14 shows example blocks of process 1400, in some aspects, process 1400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 14. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1400 may be performed in parallel.

Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1500 performed, for example, at a wireless communication device or an apparatus of a wireless communication device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1500 is an example where the apparatus or the wireless communication device (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) performs operations associated with modifying operation of an energy harvesting device based on a cell duty cycle configuration.

As shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include obtaining an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node (block 1510) . For example, the wireless communication device (e.g., by a network node 110 using reception component 1702 and/or communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17 and/or by a UE 120 using reception component 1602 and/or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node, as described above.

As further shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include transmitting the indication to an energy harvesting device (block 1520) . For example, the wireless communication device (e.g., by a network node 110 using transmission component 1702 and/or communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17, and/or by a UE 120 using transmission component 1602 and/or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device, as described above.

Process 1500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

In a first aspect, process 1500 includes transmitting, to the energy harvesting device, multiple device duty cycle configurations, and the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations.

In a second aspect, process 1500 includes selecting the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the energy harvesting device, and transmitting, to the energy harvesting device, an instruction to configure an operating duty cycle based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

In a third aspect, selecting the cell duty cycle configuration is based at least in part on an operating mode of the network node.

In a fourth aspect, process 1500 includes transmitting, to the energy harvesting device, an operating mode indication associated with the network node.

In a fifth aspect, the network node is a first device, and process 1500 includes transmitting a switch indication that indicates to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device based at least in part on an off duration indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

In a sixth aspect, the wireless communication device is the network node.

In a seventh aspect, the wireless communication device is a UE.

Although Fig. 15 shows example blocks of process 1500, in some aspects, process 1500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 15. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1500 may be performed in parallel.

Fig. 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1600 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1600 may be an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, and/or an energy harvesting device 1304) , or an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, and/or an energy harvesting device 1304) may include the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 includes a reception component 1602, a transmission component 1604, and/or a communication manager 1606, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1606 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1600 may communicate with another apparatus 1608, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1602 and the transmission component 1604.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 7-15. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1400, process 1500 of Fig. 5, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 and/or one or more components shown in Fig. 16 may include one or more components of a UE (e.g., a UE 120, a passive UE 120, an energy harvesting device 802, an energy harvesting device 1202, and/or an energy harvesting device 1304) described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 1602 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1608. The reception component 1602 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers/processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the energy harvesting device described in connection with Fig. 2.

The transmission component 1604 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1600 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1604 for transmission to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers/processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the energy harvesting device described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may be co-located with the reception component 1602 in one or more transceivers.

The communication manager 1606 may support operations of the reception component 1602 and/or the transmission component 1604. For example, the communication manager 1606 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1602 and/or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1604. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1606 may generate and/or provide control information to the reception component 1602 and/or the transmission component 1604 to control reception and/or transmission of communications.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may be implemented as, and/or included in, a passive UE 120 (e.g., an energy harvesting device) . In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The communication manager 1606 may modify, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

The reception component 1602 may receive multiple device duty cycle configurations, and the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication manager 1606 may select the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the operating duty cycle. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may receive an instruction to select the cell duty cycle configuration, from the multiple device duty cycle configurations, as the configuration basis.

The reception component 1602 may receive an indication of an operating condition. Alternatively, or additionally, the reception component 1602 may receive a switch indication. In some aspects, the communication manager 1606 may enable a low noise amplifier based at least in part on the switch indication and an off duration occasion. Alternatively, or additionally, the communication manager 1606 may tune a receiver to a frequency band associated with the second device based at least in part on the switch indication and the off duration occasion.

The transmission component 1604 may transmit, based at least in part on an on duration occasion indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a first packet that satisfies a priority threshold. Alternatively, or additionally, the transmission component 1604 may transmit, based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a second packet that fails to satisfy the priority threshold. In some aspects, the communication manager 1606 may drop transmission of a packet that fails to satisfy a priority threshold.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may be implemented as, and/or included in, a UE 120. The reception component 1602 may obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The transmission component 1604 may transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device (e.g., a passive UE 120) . Alternatively, or additionally, the transmission component 1604 may transmit, to the energy harvesting device, multiple device duty cycle configurations, and the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations.

The communication manager 1606 may select the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the energy harvesting device. Alternatively, or additionally, the transmission component 1604 may transmit, to the energy harvesting device, an instruction to configure an operating duty cycle based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 16 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 16. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 16 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 16.

Fig. 17 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1700 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1700 may be a network node 110, or a network node 110 may include the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 includes a reception component 1702, a transmission component 1704, and/or a communication manager 1706, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1706 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1700 may communicate with another apparatus 1708, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1702 and the transmission component 1704.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 7-15. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1500 of Fig. 15, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 and/or one or more components shown in Fig. 17 may include one or more components of the wireless communication device described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 1702 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1708. The reception component 1702 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers/processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the wireless communication device described in connection with Fig. 2.

The transmission component 1704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1700 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1704 for transmission to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers/processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the wireless communication device described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may be co-located with the reception component 1702 in one or more transceivers.

The communication manager 1706 may support operations of the reception component 1702 and/or the transmission component 1704. For example, the communication manager 1706 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1702 and/or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1704. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1706 may generate and/or provide control information to the reception component 1702 and/or the transmission component 1704 to control reception and/or transmission of communications.

The reception component 1702 may obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node. The transmission component 1704 may transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device. Alternatively, or additionally, the transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the energy harvesting device, multiple device duty cycle configurations, and the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations.

The communication manager 1706 may select the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the energy harvesting device. Alternatively, or additionally, the transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the energy harvesting device, an instruction to configure an operating duty cycle based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 17 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 17. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 17 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 17.

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting device, comprising: receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and modifying, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein modifying the operation of the energy harvesting device comprises: enabling, during an operating duty cycle communication mode, at least one of: transmission or reception by the energy harvesting device; and enabling, during an operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode, power harvesting by the energy harvesting device.

Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the operating duty cycle comprises at least one of: an operating duty cycle communication mode that is based at least in part on an on duration that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration; or an operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode that is based at least in part on an off duration that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the on duration is associated with at least one of: reception at the network node being enabled, or transmission at the network node being enabled.

Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the off duration is associated with at least one of: reception at the network node being disabled, or transmission at the network node being disabled.

Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, further comprising: receiving multiple device duty cycle configurations, wherein the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations; and selecting the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the operating duty cycle.

Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 6, further comprising: receiving an instruction to select the cell duty cycle configuration, from the multiple device duty cycle configurations, as the configuration basis.

Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 6 or Aspect 7, wherein selecting the cell duty cycle configuration is based at least in part on an operating mode of the network node.

Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the operating duty cycle is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration and at least a second duty cycle configuration.

Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the operating duty cycle is a first operating duty cycle, and the method further comprises: switching from using the first operating duty cycle to a second operating duty cycle based at least in part on: an operating condition, and an enabled clock at the energy harvesting device.

Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, further comprising: receiving an indication of the operating condition.

Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the network node is a first network node, and wherein the operating condition based at least in part on at least one of: an operating mode of the first network node, a first operating duty cycle communication mode being associated with a different network node than a second operating duty cycle communication mode, or a power level associated with powering an energy emitter.

Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the operating mode of the first network node comprises a disabled discontinuous operation mode, wherein the first operating duty cycle is associated with the operating mode, wherein the first operating duty cycle includes a first operating duty cycle communication mode occasion and a first operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode occasion, wherein the first operating duty cycle communication mode occasion and the first operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode occasion have shorter durations relative to a second operating duty cycle communication mode occasion and a second operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode occasion that are included in the second operating duty cycle, and wherein the second operating duty cycle is associated with an enabled discontinuous operation mode.

Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, wherein the second operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode occasion has a longer duration than the second operating duty cycle communication mode occasion.

Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the network node is a first device, and the method further comprises: receiving a switch indication that indicates to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 15, further comprising: enabling a low noise amplifier based at least in part on the switch indication and the off duration occasion.

Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 15 or Aspect 16, further comprising: tuning a receiver to a frequency band associated with the second device based at least in part on the switch indication and the off duration occasion.

Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 1-17, further comprising: transmitting, based at least in part on an on duration occasion indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a first packet that satisfies a priority threshold; and transmitting, based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a second packet that fails to satisfy the priority threshold.

Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 1-18, further comprising: dropping transmission of a packet that fails to satisfy a priority threshold.

Aspect 20: A method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device, comprising: obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and transmitting the indication to an energy harvesting device.

Aspect 21: The method of Aspect 20, further comprising: transmitting, to the energy harvesting device, multiple device duty cycle configurations, wherein the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations.

Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, further comprising: selecting the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the energy harvesting device; and transmitting, to the energy harvesting device, an instruction to configure an operating duty cycle based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.

Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 22, wherein selecting the cell duty cycle configuration is based at least in part on an operating mode of the network node.

Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 20-23, wherein the method further comprises: transmitting, to the energy harvesting device, an operating mode indication associated with the network node.

Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 20-24, wherein the network node is a first device, and the method further comprises: transmitting a switch indication that indicates to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device based at least in part on an off duration indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.

Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 20-25, wherein the wireless communication device is the network node.

Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 20-26, wherein the wireless communication device is a user equipment (UE) .

Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-19.

Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-19.

Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-19.

Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-19.

Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-19.

Aspect 33: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-19.

Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-19.

Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 20-27.

Aspect 36: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 20-27.

Aspect 37: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 20-27.

Aspect 38: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 20-27.

Aspect 39: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 20-27.

Aspect 40: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 20-27.

Aspect 41: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 20-27.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, since those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single-or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.

As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a +a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) .

Claims

An apparatus for wireless communication at an energy harvesting device, comprising:

one or more memories; and

one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to, individually or collectively, cause the energy harvesting device to:

receive an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and

modify, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the energy harvesting device to modify the operation of the energy harvesting device, are configured to cause the energy harvesting device to:

enable, during an operating duty cycle communication mode, at least one of: transmission or reception by the energy harvesting device; and

enable, during an operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode, power harvesting by the energy harvesting device.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the operating duty cycle comprises at least one of:

an operating duty cycle communication mode that is based at least in part on a on duration that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration; or

an operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode that is based at least in part on an off duration that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the energy harvesting device to:

receive multiple device duty cycle configurations, wherein the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations; and

select the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the operating duty cycle.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the operating duty cycle is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration and at least a second duty cycle configuration.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the operating duty cycle is a first operating duty cycle, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the energy harvesting device to:

switch from using the first operating duty cycle to a second operating duty cycle based at least in part on:

an operating condition, and

an enabled clock at the energy harvesting device.
The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the network node is a first network node, and wherein the operating condition based at least in part on at least one of:

an operating mode of the first network node,

a first operating duty cycle communication mode being associated with a different network node than a second operating duty cycle communication mode, or

a power level associated with powering an energy emitter.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the energy harvesting device to:

receive a switch indication that indicates to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the energy harvesting device to:

transmit, based at least in part on an on duration occasion indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a first packet that satisfies a priority threshold; and

transmit, based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a second packet that fails to satisfy the priority threshold.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the energy harvesting device to:

drop transmission of a packet that fails to satisfy a priority threshold.
An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless communication device, comprising:

one or more memories; and

one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to, individually or collectively, cause the wireless communication device to:

obtain an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and

transmit the indication to an energy harvesting device.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the wireless communication device to:

transmit, to the energy harvesting device, multiple device duty cycle configurations, wherein the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations.
The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the wireless communication device to:

select the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the energy harvesting device; and

transmit, to the energy harvesting device, an instruction to configure an operating duty cycle based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.
The apparatus of claim 13, wherein selecting the cell duty cycle configuration is based at least in part on an operating mode of the network node.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the wireless communication device to:

transmit, to the energy harvesting device, an operating mode indication associated with the network node.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the wireless communication device to:

transmit a switch indication that indicates to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device based at least in part on an off duration indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the wireless communication device is the network node.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the wireless communication device is a user equipment (UE) .
A method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting device, comprising:

receiving an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and

modifying, based at least in part on operating in an energy harvesting duty cycle communication mode, operation of the energy harvesting device based at least in part on an operating duty cycle that is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.
The method of claim 19, wherein modifying the operation of the energy harvesting device comprises:

enabling, during an operating duty cycle communication mode, at least one of: transmission or reception by the energy harvesting device; and

enabling, during an operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode, power harvesting by the energy harvesting device.
The method of claim 19, wherein the operating duty cycle comprises at least one of:

an operating duty cycle communication mode that is based at least in part on a on duration that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration; or

an operating duty cycle energy harvesting mode that is based at least in part on an off duration that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.
The method of claim 19, further comprising:

receiving multiple device duty cycle configurations, wherein the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations; and

selecting the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the operating duty cycle.
The method of claim 19, wherein the operating duty cycle is based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration and at least a second duty cycle configuration.
The method of claim 19, wherein the operating duty cycle is a first operating duty cycle, and the method further comprises:

switching from using the first operating duty cycle to a second operating duty cycle based at least in part on:

an operating condition, and

an enabled clock at the energy harvesting device.
The method of claim 19, wherein the network node is a first device, and the method further comprises:

receiving a switch indication that indicates to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.
The method of claim 19, further comprising:

transmitting, based at least in part on an on duration occasion indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a first packet that satisfies a priority threshold; and

transmitting, based at least in part on an off duration occasion that is indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration, a second packet that fails to satisfy the priority threshold.
A method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device, comprising:

obtaining an indication of a cell duty cycle configuration that is associated with discontinuous operation by a network node; and

transmitting the indication to an energy harvesting device.
The method of claim 27, further comprising:

transmitting, to the energy harvesting device, multiple device duty cycle configurations, wherein the cell duty cycle configuration is one of the multiple device duty cycle configurations.
The method of claim 28, further comprising:

selecting the cell duty cycle configuration from the multiple device duty cycle configurations as a configuration basis for the energy harvesting device; and

transmitting, to the energy harvesting device, an instruction to configure an operating duty cycle based at least in part on the cell duty cycle configuration.
The method of claim 27, wherein the network node is a first device, and the method further comprises:

transmitting a switch indication that indicates to switch an energy harvesting source from the network node to a second device based at least in part on an off duration indicated by the cell duty cycle configuration.