WO2024232163A1 - AD(Analog to Digital)変換器、撮像装置、AD変換器の制御方法 - Google Patents
AD(Analog to Digital)変換器、撮像装置、AD変換器の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024232163A1 WO2024232163A1 PCT/JP2024/010226 JP2024010226W WO2024232163A1 WO 2024232163 A1 WO2024232163 A1 WO 2024232163A1 JP 2024010226 W JP2024010226 W JP 2024010226W WO 2024232163 A1 WO2024232163 A1 WO 2024232163A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/34—Analogue value compared with reference values
- H03M1/38—Analogue value compared with reference values sequentially only, e.g. successive approximation type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/34—Analogue value compared with reference values
- H03M1/38—Analogue value compared with reference values sequentially only, e.g. successive approximation type
- H03M1/46—Analogue value compared with reference values sequentially only, e.g. successive approximation type with digital/analogue converter for supplying reference values to converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/78—Readout circuits for addressed sensors, e.g. output amplifiers or A/D converters
Definitions
- This technology relates to AD converters.
- it relates to successive approximation type AD converters, imaging devices, and methods for controlling AD converters.
- SAR ADCs Successessive Approximation Register Analog to Digital Converters
- a time-interleaved AD converter has been proposed in which multiple built-in SAR ADCs perform sampling at different times (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- the above-mentioned conventional technology aims to speed up AD conversion by using a time interleaving method.
- the above-mentioned conventional technology requires multiple SAR ADCs, which increases the circuit size compared to when the time interleaving method is not used. Reducing the number of SAR ADCs to one can reduce the circuit size, but it becomes impossible to achieve the high speed achieved by the time interleaving method.
- it is difficult to increase the speed while suppressing an increase in circuit size.
- This technology was developed in light of these circumstances, and aims to increase the speed of successive approximation type AD converters while suppressing increases in circuit size.
- This technology has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its first aspect is an AD converter including a first DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) having a capacity to hold a first input signal within a first sampling period, a second DAC connected in parallel with the first DAC and having a capacity to hold a second input signal within a second sampling period, and a comparison unit connected to the first and second DACs, and a control method thereof.
- DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter
- the device may further include a single-differential conversion circuit that converts a first single-ended signal into a first differential signal and converts a second single-ended signal into a second differential signal, a first sample-and-hold switch that supplies the first differential signal to the first DAC as the first input signal within the first sampling period, and a second sample-and-hold switch that supplies the second differential signal to the second DAC as the second input signal within the second sampling period.
- a single-differential conversion circuit that converts a first single-ended signal into a first differential signal and converts a second single-ended signal into a second differential signal
- a first sample-and-hold switch that supplies the first differential signal to the first DAC as the first input signal within the first sampling period
- a second sample-and-hold switch that supplies the second differential signal to the second DAC as the second input signal within the second sampling period.
- the input/output device may further include a first sample-and-hold switch that supplies a first single-ended signal to the first DAC as the first input signal during the first sampling period, a second sample-and-hold switch that supplies a second single-ended signal to the second DAC as the second input signal during the second sampling period, a shared DAC, a first single-differential conversion circuit that converts the first input signal into a differential signal between the end of the first sampling period and the start of the second sampling period and supplies it to the first DAC and the shared DAC, and a second single-differential conversion circuit that converts the second input signal into a differential signal between the end of the second sampling period and the start of the first sampling period and supplies it to the second DAC and the shared DAC.
- This provides the effect of reducing the number of DACs.
- a first sample-and-hold switch may be provided that supplies the first single-ended signal and the reference signal to the first DAC as the first input signal during the first sampling period, and a second sample-and-hold switch that supplies the second single-ended signal and the reference signal to the second DAC as the second input signal during the second sampling period.
- the input/output device may further include a logic circuit that generates a second control signal based on the comparison result of the comparator during the first sampling period and generates a first control signal based on the comparison result of the comparator during the second sampling period, the first DAC generates a pair of first analog signals based on the first control signal and the first input signal during the second sampling period, the second DAC generates a pair of second analog signals based on the second control signal and the second input signal during the first sampling period, and the comparator sequentially compares the pair of first analog signals with the pair of second analog signals. This provides the effect of performing sampling and AD conversion in parallel.
- a first enable switch may be provided that supplies the pair of first analog signals to the comparison unit within the second sampling period, and a second enable switch that supplies the pair of second analog signals to the comparison unit within the first sampling period. This provides the effect of switching the input signal to the comparison unit.
- the first DAC may supply the pair of first analog signals to the comparison unit
- the second DAC may supply the pair of second analog signals to the comparison unit
- the comparison unit may select and compare one of the pair of second analog signals and the pair of first analog signals in accordance with a predetermined enable signal. This provides the effect of reducing the number of switches on the input side of the comparison unit.
- the device may further include a third DAC connected in parallel with the first and second DACs and having a capacity for holding a third input signal within a third sampling period.
- a second aspect of the present technology is an imaging device that includes a pixel array section having a plurality of pixels each outputting a pixel signal, and an AD converter to which the pixel signal from the pixel array section is input, the AD converter including a first DAC having a capacity to hold a first input signal within a first sampling period, a second DAC connected in parallel with the first DAC and having a capacity to hold a second input signal within a second sampling period, and a comparison section connected to the first and second DACs.
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an imaging device according to a first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a solid-state imaging element according to a first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel according to a first embodiment of the present technology
- 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a column signal processing unit according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a column signal processing unit when a sample-and-hold circuit and a column amplifier are added in the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a SAR ADC according to a first embodiment of the present technology
- 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a control unit according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a comparison unit according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- FIG. 1 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of a SAR ADC according to the first embodiment of the present technology
- 1A and 1B are an example of a block diagram and a timing chart of a SAR ADC in a first comparative example
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an AD converter in a second comparative example.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of the AD converter in the second comparative example.
- 4 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation of the solid-state imaging element according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a SAR ADC according to a second embodiment of the present technology.
- 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a control unit according to a second embodiment of the present technology;
- FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of the SAR ADC according to the second embodiment of the present technology;
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a SAR ADC according to a third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a SAR ADC according to a second embodiment of the present technology.
- 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a control unit according to a second embodiment of the present technology;
- FIG. 13 is a
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a SAR ADC in which CDAC control is performed on one side according to a third embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a SAR ADC according to a fourth embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a control unit according to a fourth embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a comparison unit according to a fourth embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a column signal processing unit according to a fifth embodiment of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a SAR ADC according to a fifth embodiment of the present technology. 13 is a timing chart showing an example of an operation of the SAR ADC according to the fifth embodiment of the present technology;
- First embodiment (example in which two DACs are connected in parallel) 2.
- Second embodiment (example in which two DACs are connected in parallel and single-differential conversion is performed after sampling) 3.
- Third embodiment (example in which two DACs are connected in parallel to form a single input) 4.
- Fourth embodiment (an example in which two DACs are connected in parallel and the number of enable switches on the input side of the comparison unit is reduced) 5.
- Fifth embodiment (example in which three DACs are connected in parallel)
- First embodiment [Configuration example of imaging device] 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of an imaging device 100 according to a first embodiment of the present technology.
- the imaging device 100 is a device for capturing image data, and includes an optical system 110, a solid-state imaging element 200, an image processing unit 120, a memory 130, an imaging control unit 140, and a monitor 150.
- the imaging device 100 may be a smartphone, an Internet of Things (IoT) camera, an in-vehicle camera, or the like.
- IoT Internet of Things
- the optical system 110 collects the incident light from the subject and directs it to the solid-state imaging element 200.
- the optical system 110 includes one or more optical lenses.
- the solid-state imaging element 200 captures image data under the control of the imaging control unit 140.
- the solid-state imaging element 200 supplies the captured image data to the image processing unit 120 via a signal line 209.
- the imaging control unit 140 controls the solid-state imaging element 200.
- This imaging control unit 140 supplies a vertical synchronization signal indicating imaging timing, a signal controlling exposure time, and the like to the solid-state imaging element 200 via a signal line 149.
- the imaging control unit 140 starts supplying a vertical synchronization signal when, for example, an operation for starting imaging (such as pressing the shutter button) is performed.
- the image processing unit 120 performs predetermined image processing such as demosaic processing and white balance processing on the image data.
- This image processing unit 120 supplies the processed image data to the memory 130 and the monitor 150 via signal lines 128 and 129.
- the memory 130 stores the image data.
- the monitor 150 displays the image data.
- Example of the configuration of a solid-state imaging element 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a solid-state imaging element 200 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the solid-state imaging element 200 includes a sensor chip 201 and a circuit chip 202 stacked on the sensor chip 201.
- the sensor chip 201 has a pixel array section 220 in which a plurality of pixels 230 are arranged in a two-dimensional grid.
- the circuit chip 202 also has a vertical drive circuit 210, a column signal processing section 240, a timing control circuit 250, and an output circuit 260.
- the vertical drive circuit 210 drives the pixels 230 to output pixel signals to the column signal processing unit 240.
- the column signal processing unit 240 performs AD conversion processing on the pixel signals for each column and supplies them to the output circuit 260.
- the output circuit 260 performs CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) processing and the like on the data from the column signal processing unit 240 and outputs the data to the image processing unit 120.
- CDS Correlated Double Sampling
- the output circuit 260 also performs contrast AF (Auto Focus) processing, which detects focus based on the contrast of image data, as necessary.
- the timing control circuit 250 controls the operation timing of the vertical drive circuit 210, the column signal processing unit 240, and the output circuit 260 in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal.
- the above-mentioned circuits are arranged on two stacked chips, but this configuration is not limited, and the circuits can also be arranged on a single semiconductor chip.
- Example of pixel circuit configuration is a circuit diagram showing an example of a configuration of a pixel 230 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the pixel 230 includes a photodiode 231, a transfer transistor 232, a reset transistor 233, a floating diffusion layer 234, an amplifier transistor 235, and a selection transistor 236.
- the photodiode 231 photoelectrically converts the received light to generate an electric charge.
- the photodiode 231 is disposed on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, with the surface on which the circuitry is disposed being regarded as the front side.
- Such a solid-state imaging element is called a back-illuminated solid-state imaging element. Note that instead of the back-illuminated type, a front-illuminated type configuration can also be used in which the photodiode 231 is disposed on the front side.
- the transfer transistor 232 transfers charge from the photodiode 231 to the floating diffusion layer 234 in accordance with a transfer signal TRG from the vertical drive circuit 210.
- the floating diffusion layer 234 accumulates the transferred charge and generates a voltage according to the amount of accumulated charge.
- the reset transistor 233 extracts charge from the floating diffusion layer 234 in accordance with a reset signal RST from the vertical drive circuit 210, and initializes the amount of charge.
- the amplification transistor 235 amplifies the voltage of the floating diffusion layer 234.
- the selection transistor 236 outputs the amplified voltage signal as a pixel signal AIN to the column signal processing unit 240 via the vertical signal line VSL in accordance with a selection signal SEL from the vertical drive circuit 210.
- circuit configuration of pixel 230 is not limited to the configuration illustrated in the figure, as long as it is capable of generating a pixel signal through photoelectric conversion.
- [Configuration example of column signal processing unit] 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the column signal processing unit 240 in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- this column signal processing unit 240 one SARDC 300 is arranged for each of a plurality of vertical signal lines. If the number of SARDCs 300 is four and the number of columns is 4 ⁇ C (C is an integer), C columns are connected to each SARDC 300.
- a vertical signal line VSL is wired for each column, and a switch 243 that opens and closes a path between the corresponding SARDC 300 and the vertical signal line VSL is arranged for each column.
- the vertical signal lines VSL_1 and VSL_5 are connected to the first SARDC 300 via the switch 243.
- the vertical drive circuit 210 outputs the pixel signal AIN for that row.
- the timing control circuit 250 controls the corresponding four switches 243 to a closed state, thereby inputting the corresponding VSL signal to the SAR ADC 300.
- the pixel signal inputted odd-numbered to the SAR ADC 300 (for example, the signal from the vertical signal line VSL_1) is designated as AIN1, and the pixel signal inputted even-numbered (for example, the signal from the vertical signal line VSL_5) is designated as AIN2.
- the SAR ADC 300 sequentially AD converts AIN1 and AIN2, and outputs them to the output circuit 260 as a digital signal DOUT.
- SAR ADCs 300 are arranged in the figure, the number of SAR ADCs 300 is arbitrary and is not limited to four.
- a sample-and-hold circuit 241 and a column amplifier 242 can be further arranged for each column.
- the sample-and-hold circuit 241 samples and holds the pixel signal AIN from the corresponding vertical signal line VSL, and the column amplifier 242 amplifies the pixel signal AIN from the sample-and-hold circuit 241 and supplies it to the switch 243.
- [Example of SAR ADC configuration] 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the SAR ADC 300 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the SAR ADC 300 includes a single-differential conversion circuit 340, sample-and-hold switches 311, 312, 321, and 322, and enable switches 313, 314, 323, and 324.
- the SAR ADC 300 further includes CDACs (Capacitor Digital-to-Analog Converters) 411, 412, 421, and 422, and a control unit 500.
- the SAR ADC 300 is an example of an AD converter as defined in the claims.
- the CDACs 411 and 412 for AD converting the pixel signal AIN1 and the control unit 500 are referred to as the "first system.” Additionally, the CDACs 421 and 422 for AD converting the pixel signal AIN2 and the control unit 500 are referred to as the "second system.” The control unit 500 is shared by both the first and second systems.
- the single-to-differential conversion circuit 340 receives the pixel signal AIN (AIN1 or AIN2), which is a single-ended signal, from the pixel array section 220 via the vertical signal line VSL.
- This single-to-differential conversion circuit 340 converts the pixel signal AIN into a differential signal.
- This differential signal is made up of a positive side signal AINp and a negative side signal AINn.
- the differential signals corresponding to AIN1 are AINp1 and AINn1
- the differential signals corresponding to AIN2 are AINp2 and AINn2.
- the capacitance of the dotted line in the figure indicates the parasitic capacitance due to the wiring load of the vertical signal line VSL.
- pixel signal AIN1 is an example of a first single-ended signal described in the claims
- pixel signal AIN2 is an example of a second single-ended signal described in the claims.
- the sample and hold switch 311 opens and closes the path between the single-differential conversion circuit 340 and the CDAC 411 of the first system according to the control signal SH_SW1 from the timing control circuit 250.
- the control signal SH_SW1 is a signal that indicates the sampling period of the first system, and for example, the control signal SH_SW1 is controlled to a high level during that sampling period.
- the sample and hold switch 311 inputs the positive side signal AINp1 as an input signal to the CDAC 411 during the sampling period of the first system.
- the sample-and-hold switch 312 opens and closes the path between the single-to-differential conversion circuit 340 and the first system CDAC 412 in accordance with the control signal SH_SW1. This sample-and-hold switch 312 inputs the negative side signal AINn1 as an input signal to the CDAC 412 during the sampling period of the first system.
- the sample-and-hold switch 321 opens and closes the path between the single-to-differential conversion circuit 340 and the CDAC 421 of the second system according to the control signal SH_SW2 from the timing control circuit 250.
- the control signal SH_SW2 is a signal that indicates the sampling period of the second system, and for example, the control signal SH_SW2 is controlled to a high level during this sampling period. This sampling period of the second system does not overlap with the sampling period of the first system.
- the sample-and-hold switch 321 inputs the positive side signal AINp2 as an input signal to the CDAC 421 during the sampling period of the second system.
- the sample-and-hold switch 322 opens and closes the path between the single-to-differential conversion circuit 340 and the CDAC 422 of the second system according to the control signal SH_SW2. This sample-and-hold switch 322 inputs the negative signal AINn2 as an input signal to the CDAC 422 during the sampling period of the second system.
- CDACs 411, 412, 421, and 422 generate analog signals through digital-to-analog (DA) conversion and also serve as capacitance to hold input signals.
- DA digital-to-analog
- CDACs 411 and 412 hold the input signals AINp1 and AINn1 from sample-and-hold switches 311 and 312. After that, enable switches 313 and 314 corresponding to AD1_EN are turned on, a comparison operation is performed in control unit 500, and control signals CTLp1 and CTLn1 according to the comparison result are given to CDACs 411 and 421, thereby performing AD conversion of AIN1.
- CDAC 411 outputs positive signal INP1
- CDAC 412 outputs negative signal INN1.
- Control signals CTLp1 and CTLn1 are digital signals, and INP1 and INN1 are analog signals.
- CDACs 411 and 412 are an example of a first DAC as described in the claims.
- AINp1 and AINn1 are an example of a first input signal as described in the claims.
- INP1 and INN1 are an example of a pair of first analog signals as described in the claims.
- Control signals CTLp1 and CTLn1 are an example of a first control signal as described in the claims.
- CDACs 421 and 422 hold the input signals AINp2 and AINn2 from sample-and-hold switches 321 and 322. After that, enable switches 323 and 324 corresponding to AD2_EN are turned on, a comparison operation is performed in control unit 500, and control signals CTLp2 and CTLn2 according to the comparison result are provided to CDACs 421 and 422, thereby performing AD conversion of AIN2. Of the differential signals, CDAC 421 outputs positive signal INP2, and CDAC 422 outputs negative signal INN2. Control signals CTLp2 and CTLn2 are digital signals, and INP2 and INN2 are analog signals.
- CDACs 421 and 422 are an example of a second DAC as described in the claims.
- AINp2 and AINn2 are an example of a second input signal as described in the claims.
- INP2 and INN2 are an example of a pair of second analog signals as described in the claims.
- Control signals CTLp2 and CTLn2 are an example of a second control signal as described in the claims.
- the enable switch 313 opens and closes the path between the CDAC 411 and the control unit 500 according to the enable signal AD1_EN from the timing control circuit 250.
- This enable signal AD1_EN indicates the period during which successive comparison of the differential signal is performed in the first system.
- the enable signal AD1_EN is controlled to a high level during the sampling period of the second system, and successive comparison is performed in the first system during this period.
- the enable switch 313 supplies the positive side signal INP1 from the CDAC 411 to the control unit 500 during the sampling period of the second system.
- the enable switch 314 opens and closes the path between the CDAC 412 and the control unit 500 according to the enable signal AD1_EN. This enable switch 314 supplies the negative side signal INN1 from the CDAC 412 to the control unit 500 during the sampling interval of the second system.
- the enable switch 323 opens and closes the path between the CDAC 421 and the control unit 500 according to the enable signal AD2_EN from the timing control circuit 250.
- This enable signal AD2_EN indicates the period during which successive comparison of the differential signal is performed in the second system.
- the enable signal AD2_EN is controlled to a high level during the sampling period of the first system, and successive comparison is performed in the second system during this period.
- the enable switch 323 supplies the positive side signal INP2 from the CDAC 421 to the control unit 500 during the sampling period of the first system.
- the enable switch 324 opens and closes the path between the CDAC 422 and the control unit 500 according to the enable signal AD2_EN. This enable switch 324 supplies the negative side signal INN2 from the CDAC 422 to the control unit 500 during the sampling period of the first system.
- the control unit 500 compares the positive signal INP (INP1 or INP2) with the negative signal INN (INN1 or INN2) and controls the level of the reference signal based on the comparison result. Based on the comparison result of the positive signal INP1 and the negative signal INP1, the control unit 500 generates control signals CTLp1 and CTLn1 and supplies them to the CDACs 411 and 412. Based on the comparison result of the positive signal INP2 and the negative signal INP2, the control unit 500 generates control signals CTLp2 and CTLn2 and supplies them to the CDACs 421 and 422.
- the sampling period of the first system does not overlap with the sampling period of the second system, and the successive comparison of the first system is performed within the sampling period of the second system, and the successive comparison of the second system is performed within the sampling period of the first system. Therefore, CDACs 411 and 412 generate INP1 and INN1 within the sampling period of the second system based on AINp1 and AINn1 held within the sampling period of the first system and the control signals CTLp1 and CTLn1.
- CDACs 421 and 422 generate INP2 and INN2 during the sampling period of the first system based on AINp2 and AINn2 held during the sampling period of the second system and control signals CTLp2 and CTLn2.
- the control unit 500 also generates control signals CTLp2 and CTLn2 based on the comparison result of INP2 and INN2 of the second system during the sampling period of the first system.
- the control unit 500 also generates control signals CTLp1 and CTLn1 based on the comparison result of INP1 and INN1 of the first system during the sampling period of the second system.
- the SAR ADC 300 shown in the figure can also be used in circuits other than the solid-state imaging element 200, such as the communication circuit of an IoT (Internet of Things) system. In that case, however, input signal errors caused by switching timing errors between the first system of sample-and-hold switches and the second system of sample-and-hold switches can become a problem. In contrast, when the SAR ADC 300 is used in a solid-state imaging element 200 such as a CIS (CMOS Image Sensor), the VSL signal does not have frequency characteristics, so timing errors do not pose a major problem.
- CIS CMOS Image Sensor
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control unit 500 in the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the control unit 500 includes a comparison unit 510, AND gates 551, 552, 561, and 562, and a SAR logic circuit 580.
- the comparison unit 510 compares the positive signal INP (INP1 or INP2) with the negative signal INN (INN1 or INN2) in synchronization with the clock signal CLK, and supplies the comparison result to the SAR logic circuit 580.
- the SAR logic circuit 580 stores the comparison results of the comparator 510 and controls the level of the reference signal based on the comparison results. This SAR logic circuit 580 updates the level of the reference signal by a successive approximation method so that the output of CDAC411 (or CDAC421) and the output of CDAC412 (or CDAC422) are balanced. The SAR logic circuit 580 generates control signals CTLp and CTLn for updating and outputs them to each of the AND gates. Furthermore, if the resolution of the SAR ADC300 is M bits (M is an integer), the number of successive approximations is M. The SAR logic circuit 580 holds each of the M comparison results and supplies a bit string in which bits indicating these comparison results are arranged to the output circuit as a digital signal DOUT.
- SAR logic circuit 580 is an example of a logic circuit described in the claims.
- K is an integer
- K AND gates 551, 552, 561, and 562 are arranged.
- the AND gates corresponding to the second bit and onwards are omitted in the figure.
- the kth (k is an integer from 1 to K) AND gate 551 outputs the logical product of the kth bit of the control signal CTLp and the enable signal AD1_EN to the CDAC 411 as the kth bit of CTLp1.
- the kth AND gate 552 outputs the logical product of the kth bit of the control signal CTLn and the enable signal AD1_EN to the CDAC 412 as the kth bit of CTLn1.
- the kth AND gate 561 outputs the logical product of the kth bit of the control signal CTLp and the enable signal AD2_EN to the CDAC 421 as the kth bit of CTLp2.
- the kth AND gate 562 outputs the logical product of the kth bit of the control signal CTLn and the enable signal AD2_EN to the CDAC 422 as the kth bit of CTLn2.
- [Example of comparison unit configuration] 8 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of the comparison unit 510 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the comparison unit 510 includes p-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor (pMOS) transistors 531 and 532, n-channel MOS (nMOS) transistors 511, 512, and 513, and a latch 550.
- pMOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- nMOS n-channel MOS
- pMOS transistors 531 and 532 are connected in parallel to the node of the power supply voltage VDD.
- the positive signal INP is input to the gate of nMOS transistor 511, and its drain is connected to pMOS transistor 531.
- the negative signal INN is input to the gate of nMOS transistor 512, and its drain is connected to pMOS transistor 532.
- the sources of nMOS transistors 511 and 512 are commonly connected to nMOS transistor 513.
- nMOS transistor 513 is inserted between the common node of nMOS transistors 511 and 512 and the ground voltage node.
- the clock signal CLK is input to the gates of pMOS transistors 531 and 532 and the gate of nMOS transistor 513.
- connection node between pMOS transistor 531 and nMOS transistor 511 is connected to the positive input terminal of latch 550, and the connection node between pMOS transistor 532 and nMOS transistor 512 is connected to the negative input terminal of latch 550.
- Latch 550 outputs the comparison results of the input differential signals to SAR logic circuit 580 as output signals OUTP and OUTN.
- the circuit configuration illustrated in the figure compares the positive signal INP and the negative signal INN in synchronization with the clock signal CLK.
- [Example of SAR ADC operation] 9 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the SAR ADC 300 according to the first embodiment of the present technology.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the control signal SH_SW1 to a high level during the sampling period of the first system from timing T1 to T2.
- the timing control circuit 250 also sets the enable signal AD2_EN to a high level during this period. Meanwhile, the control signal SH_SW2 and the enable signal AD1_EN are controlled to a low level.
- the CDACs 411 and 412 of the first system sample and hold the input signal. Meanwhile, the comparator 510 performs successive comparison of the second system in synchronization with the clock signal CLK. During this period, for example, pixel signals from vertical signal lines VSL_1 to VSL_4 are read out.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the control signal SH_SW2 to a high level during the sampling period of the second system from timing T3 to T4 immediately after timing T2.
- the timing control circuit 250 also sets the enable signal AD1_EN to a high level during this period. Meanwhile, the control signal SH_SW1 and the enable signal AD2_EN are controlled to a low level at timing T2.
- the CDACs 421 and 422 of the second system sample and hold the input signal. Meanwhile, the comparator 510 performs successive comparison of the first system in synchronization with the clock signal CLK. During this period, for example, pixel signals from vertical signal lines VSL_5 to VSL_8 are read out.
- sampling of the first system and sampling of the second system are performed alternately. Furthermore, successive comparison of the second system is performed within the sampling period of the first system, and successive comparison of the first system is performed within the sampling period of the second system.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a block diagram and a timing chart of the SAR ADC in the first comparative example.
- a shows a block diagram of an example of the configuration of the SAR ADC in the first comparative example
- b shows a timing chart of an example of the operation of the SAR ADC in the first comparative example.
- sampling and successive approximation are performed alternately.
- the input signal is sampled by CDACs 411 and 412 during the sampling period from timing T1 to T2. Then, successive approximation is performed during the period from timing T2 to T5. Then, the next input signal is sampled by CDACs 411 and 412 during the sampling period from timing T5 to T6. Then, successive approximation is performed after timing T6.
- the blocks that operate in the sampling phase and the successive approximation phase are different, which results in an IR drop difference.
- This difference can have different effects on the peripheral circuits and can worsen streaking.
- the sampling block and the successive approximation block operate simultaneously, so no IR drop difference occurs and streaking can be suppressed.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of an AD converter in the second comparative example.
- two or more SAR ADCs and switching circuits 271 and 272 are arranged in the AD converter.
- the switching circuit 271 selects one of the multiple SAR ADCs 300 and connects its input terminal to the vertical signal line VSL.
- the switching circuit 272 selects one of the multiple SAR ADCs 300 and connects its output terminal to the output circuit 260.
- Each of these SAR ADCs 300 includes a single-to-differential conversion circuit 340, sample-and-hold switches 311 and 312, CDACs 411 and 412, and a control unit 500.
- a comparison unit 510 and a SAR logic circuit 580 are arranged within the control unit 500.
- FIG. 12 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the AD converter in the second comparative example. As shown in the figure, multiple SAR ADCs 300 perform sampling at different timings and perform successive approximation after sampling. For example, in the case of four systems, the sampling period of each system differs by 1 ⁇ 4 of the period of the control signal SH_SW for sampling.
- the AD converter can perform AD conversion on pixel signals in one column while sampling pixel signals in another column. This allows AD conversion to be performed faster than in the first comparative example.
- a comparison unit 510 and a SAR logic circuit 580 must be arranged, increasing the circuit size. For example, if there are two systems of SAR ADC 300, four CDACs, two comparison units, and two SAR logic circuits are required.
- Example of operation of solid-state imaging device 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the solid-state imaging device 200 according to the first embodiment of the present technology. This operation is started, for example, when a predetermined application for capturing image data is executed.
- the vertical drive circuit 210 selects a row.
- the column signal processing unit 240 drives four pixels in that row to output pixel signals (step S901).
- the first system of each of the four SAR ADCs 300 samples pixel signals for four pixels, and the second system performs AD conversion on pixel signals for the previous four pixels (step S902). Note that when the first four pixels are driven, there are no previous four pixels, so only sampling is performed in step S902. When the last four pixels are driven, only AD conversion is performed in step S902.
- the solid-state imaging element 200 determines whether or not the readout of all rows has been completed (step S903). If the readout of all rows has been completed (step S903: Yes), the solid-state imaging element 200 performs various types of image processing as necessary and ends the processing for imaging.
- step S903 if reading of all rows is not complete (step S903: No), the timing control circuit 250 uses the switch 243 to drive four new pixels to output pixel signals (step S904).
- the first system performs AD conversion on the sampled pixel signals, and the second system samples the newly output pixel signals (step S905).
- steps S901 to S905 are repeatedly executed in synchronization with a vertical synchronization signal, for example.
- the CDACs 411 and 412 of the first system and the CDACs 421 and 422 of the second system are connected in parallel to the comparison unit 510, so that an increase in circuit size can be suppressed compared to the second comparative example.
- the first system holds the input signal within the first sampling period and the second system holds the input signal within the first sampling period, AD conversion can be made faster than in the first comparative example.
- the SAR ADC 300 converts a single-ended signal into a differential signal before sampling.
- the SAR ADC 300 in the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the SAR ADC 300 converts a single-ended signal into a differential signal after sampling.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of SAR ADC 300 in the second embodiment of the present technology.
- single-differential conversion circuits 341 and 342 are provided instead of single-differential conversion circuit 340.
- CDAC 430 is provided instead of CDAC 412 and 422.
- sample-and-hold switches 312 and 322 and enable switches 314 and 324 are eliminated, and enable switches 315, 316, 317, 325, 326, and 327 are added.
- OR (logical sum) gate 351 and enable switch 352 are added.
- CDAC430 is shared between the first and second systems. Note that CDAC430 is an example of a shared DAC as described in the claims.
- the input terminals of the sample and hold switches 311 and 321 are commonly connected to the corresponding vertical signal lines VSL (VSL_1, VSL_5, etc.) via a switch 243.
- the first system of sample and hold switches 311 supplies a pixel signal (single-ended signal) AIN1 from the vertical signal line VSL to the CDAC 411 in accordance with a control signal SH_SW1.
- the CDAC 411 holds the pixel signal AIN1.
- the pixel signal AIN1 is an example of a first single-ended signal as described in the claims.
- the first system enable switch 315 supplies the pixel signal AIN1 held by the CDAC 411 to the single-differential conversion circuit 341 while the enable signal IN_EN1 from the timing control circuit 250 is at a high level.
- the first system of single-differential conversion circuit 341 converts the first system of pixel signal AIN1 into a differential signal consisting of AINp1 and AINn1, and supplies it to enable switches 316 and 317. Note that the single-differential conversion circuit 341 is an example of the first single-differential conversion circuit described in the claims.
- the first system enable switch 316 supplies the positive side signal AINp1 to the CDAC 411 while the enable signal OUT_EN1 from the timing control circuit 250 is at a high level.
- the first system enable switch 317 supplies the negative side signal AINn1 to the CDAC 430 while the enable signal EN1_OUT1 is at a high level.
- the CDAC 411 of the first system holds the positive side signal AINp1 of the first system, generates a positive side signal INP1 based on that signal and a control signal CTLp1 from the control unit 500, and supplies it to the enable switch 313.
- the CDAC 430 holds the negative side signal AINn1 of the first system, generates a negative side signal INN based on that signal and a control signal CTLn from the control unit 500, and supplies it to the enable switch 352.
- the first system enable switch 313 supplies the positive side signal INP1 from the CDAC 411 to the control unit 500 while the enable signal AD1_EN is at a high level.
- the second system of sample and hold switches 321 supplies the pixel signal (single-ended signal) AIN2 from the vertical signal line VSL to the CDAC 421 in accordance with the control signal SH_SW2.
- the CDAC 421 holds the pixel signal AIN2.
- the pixel signal AIN2 is an example of a second single-ended signal as described in the claims.
- the second system enable switch 325 supplies the pixel signal AIN2 held by the CDAC 421 to the single-differential conversion circuit 342 while the enable signal IN_EN2 from the timing control circuit 250 is at a high level.
- the second system of single-differential conversion circuit 342 converts the second system of pixel signal AIN2 into a differential signal consisting of AINp2 and AINn2, and supplies it to enable switches 326 and 327.
- the single-differential conversion circuit 342 is an example of a second single-differential conversion circuit described in the claims.
- the second system enable switch 326 supplies the positive side signal AINp2 to the CDAC 421 while the enable signal OUT_EN2 from the timing control circuit 250 is at a high level.
- the second system enable switch 327 supplies the negative side signal AINn2 to the CDAC 430 while the enable signal EN_OUT2 is at a high level.
- the CDAC 421 of the second system holds the positive side signal AINp2 of the second system, generates a positive side signal INP2 based on that signal and a control signal CTLp2 from the control unit 500, and supplies it to the enable switch 323.
- the CDAC 430 holds the negative side signal AINn2 of the second system, generates a negative side signal INN based on that signal and a control signal CTLn from the control unit 500, and supplies it to the enable switch 352.
- the second system enable switch 323 supplies the positive side signal INP2 from the CDAC 421 to the control unit 500 while the enable signal AD2_EN is at a high level.
- OR gate 351 outputs the logical sum of enable signals AD1_EN and AD2_EN to enable switch 352.
- Enable switch 352 supplies negative signal INN from CDAC 430 to control unit 500 during the period when the signal from OR gate 351 is at a high level.
- the first and second systems share the negative side CDAC, but it is also possible to place the CDACs of the first and second systems on the negative side and share a single positive side CDAC.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control unit 500 in the second embodiment of the present technology.
- the negative-side AND gates 552 and 562 are eliminated.
- FIG. 16 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the SAR ADC 300 in the second embodiment of the present technology.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the control signal SH_SW1 to a high level during the sampling period of the first system from timing T1 to T2. This causes sampling of the first system to be performed. Also, during the period from timing T1 to just before T4, the timing control circuit 250 sets the enable signal AD2_EN to a high level. During this period, during the sampling period of the first system, successive comparison of the second system is performed.
- the timing control circuit 250 also sets the enable signal IN_EN1 to a high level for the pulse period from timing T2, and sets the enable signal OUT_EN1 to a high level for the pulse period from timing T3. This causes the single-ended signal of the first system to be converted into a differential signal and output.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the control signal SH_SW2 to a high level during the sampling period of the second system from timing T4 to T5. This causes sampling of the second system to be performed. Also, during the period from timing T4 to just before T7, the timing control circuit 250 sets the enable signal AD1_EN to a high level. During this period, during the sampling period of the second system, successive comparison of the first system is performed.
- the timing control circuit 250 also sets the enable signal IN_EN2 to a high level for a pulse period from timing T5, and sets the enable signal OUT_EN2 to a high level for a pulse period from timing T6. This causes the single-ended signal of the second system to be converted into a differential signal and output.
- the single-to-differential conversion of the first system is performed between the end of the sampling period of the first system and the start of the sampling period of the second system.
- the single-to-differential conversion of the second system is performed between the end of the sampling period of the second system and the start of the sampling period of the first system. In this way, by performing single-to-differential conversion at a timing outside the sampling period, it is possible to reduce the number of negative CDACs to one, as shown in FIG. 14.
- the single-to-differential conversion circuits 341 and 342 convert the single-ended signal into a differential signal after sampling, so the negative side CDAC can be reduced to one, reducing the circuit size.
- the SAR ADC 300 converts the single-ended signal into a differential signal before sampling, but this configuration makes it difficult to further reduce the circuit size.
- the SAR ADC 300 in the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it holds the single-ended signal without converting it into a differential signal.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of a SAR ADC 300 in a third embodiment of the present technology.
- the SAR ADC 300 in the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a single-differential conversion circuit 340 is not provided.
- the input terminals of the sample and hold switches 311 and 321 are commonly connected to the corresponding vertical signal lines (VSL_1 and VSL_5) via the switch 243.
- the sample and hold switch 311 supplies the pixel signal AIN1 (single-ended signal) to the CDAC 411 of the first system according to the control signal SH_SW1.
- the sample and hold switch 321 supplies the pixel signal AIN2 (single-ended signal) to the CDAC 421 of the second system according to the control signal SH_SW2.
- a reference signal REF which is a constant single-ended signal, is input to the input terminals of the sample and hold switches 312 and 322.
- This reference signal REF is generated by a reference signal generation circuit (not shown) such as a DAC.
- the sample and hold switch 312 supplies the reference signal REF (single-ended signal) to the CDAC 412 of the first system in accordance with the control signal SH_SW1.
- the sample and hold switch 322 supplies the reference signal REF to the CDAC 422 of the second system in accordance with the control signal SH_SW2.
- sample and hold switches 311 and 312 supply pixel signal AIN1 and reference signal REF to the first system
- sample and hold switches 321 and 322 supply pixel signal AIN2 and reference signal REF to the second system.
- This control makes it possible to eliminate the single-differential conversion circuit 340.
- the negative CDAC can be replaced with capacitances 441 and 442.
- the negative CDAC is replaced with capacitances 441 and 442, but the positive VDAC can also be replaced with a capacitance.
- the sample and hold switches 311, 312, 321, and 322 supply pixel signals and a reference signal REF corresponding to each system, so that the single-differential conversion circuit 340 can be eliminated.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of SAR ADC 300 in the fourth embodiment of the present technology.
- SAR ADC 300 in the fourth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that enable switches 313, 314, 323, and 324 are eliminated.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control unit 500 in the fourth embodiment of the present technology. As shown in the figure, INP1, INN1, INP2, and INN2 from CDACs 411, 412, 421, and 422 are input to a comparison unit 510 in the control unit 500.
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of a comparison unit 510 in the fourth embodiment of the present technology.
- enable switches 514, 515, 524, and 525, nMOS transistors 521, 522, and 523, and AND gates 516 and 526 are added to the comparison unit 510.
- the enable switch 514 opens and closes the path between the pMOS transistor 531 and the nMOS transistor 511 in accordance with the enable signal AD1_EN. This enable switch 514 transitions to a closed state when the enable signal AD1_EN is at a high level.
- the enable switch 515 opens and closes the path between the pMOS transistor 532 and the nMOS transistor 512 in accordance with the enable signal AD1_EN. This enable switch 515 transitions to a closed state when the enable signal AD1_EN is at a high level.
- connection point between pMOS transistor 531 and enable switch 514 and the connection point between pMOS transistor 532 and enable switch 515 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of latch 550.
- the AND gate 516 supplies the logical product of the clock signal CLK and the enable signal AD1_EN to the gate of the nMOS transistor 513.
- nMOS transistors 521, 522, and 523 The connection configuration of nMOS transistors 521, 522, and 523 is similar to that of nMOS transistors 511, 512, and 513.
- the enable switch 524 opens and closes the path between the pMOS transistor 531 and the nMOS transistor 521 in accordance with the enable signal AD2_EN. This enable switch 524 transitions to a closed state when the enable signal AD2_EN is at a high level.
- the enable switch 525 opens and closes the path between the pMOS transistor 532 and the nMOS transistor 522 in accordance with the enable signal AD2_EN. This enable switch 525 transitions to a closed state when the enable signal AD2_EN is at a high level.
- connection point between pMOS transistor 531 and enable switch 524 and the connection point between pMOS transistor 532 and enable switch 525 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of latch 550.
- the AND gate 526 supplies the logical product of the clock signal CLK and the enable signal AD2_EN to the gate of the nMOS transistor 523.
- the comparison unit 510 selects and compares either INP1 and INN1 or INP2 and INN2 according to the enable signal. This makes it possible to reduce the number of enable switches 313 on the input side.
- the second or third embodiment can be applied to the fourth embodiment.
- the enable switch 313 on the input side of the comparison unit 510 and the like are eliminated, so that the effect of noise according to the on-resistance of the switch can be reduced.
- the SAR ADC 300 in the fifth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it suppresses the decrease in the speed of the AD conversion by arranging three or more CDACs in the CDAC.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a column signal processing unit 240 in a fifth embodiment of the present technology.
- this fifth embodiment as in the first embodiment, one SAR ADC 300 is arranged for each of a plurality of vertical signal lines.
- each SAR ADC 300 is provided with three systems of CDAC.
- the C columns corresponding to one SAR ADC 300 are divided into a first, second, and third group.
- the pixel signal of the first group is AIN1
- the pixel signal of the second group is AIN2
- the pixel signal of the third group is AIN3.
- AIN1 is output from vertical signal line VSL_1
- AIN2 is output from vertical signal line VSL_5
- AIN3 is output from vertical signal line VSL_9.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an example configuration of SAR ADC 300 in the fifth embodiment of the present technology.
- SAR ADC 300 in the fifth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that CDACs 431 and 432, sample-and-hold switches 331 and 332, and enable switches 333 and 334 are added to SAR ADC 300.
- AND gates 571 and 572 are also added to the control unit 500.
- CDACs 431 and 432 are referred to as a "third system" CDAC.
- the single-to-differential conversion circuit 340 converts the pixel signal AIN3 into a differential signal consisting of a positive signal AINp3 and a negative signal AINn3.
- the sample-and-hold switch 331 opens and closes the path between the single-to-differential conversion circuit 340 and the CDAC 431 of the third system according to a control signal SH_SW3 from the timing control circuit 250.
- the control signal SH_SW3 is a signal that indicates the sampling period of the third system, and for example, the control signal SH_SW3 is controlled to a high level during that sampling period.
- the sample-and-hold switch 331 inputs the positive signal AINp3 as an input signal to the CDAC 431 during the sampling period of the third system.
- the sample-and-hold switch 332 opens and closes the path between the single-to-differential conversion circuit 340 and the CDAC 432 of the third system according to the control signal SH_SW3. This sample-and-hold switch 332 inputs the negative signal AINn3 as an input signal to the CDAC 432 during the sampling period of the third system.
- CDACs 431 and 432 hold AINp3 and AINn3, which are input signals from sample-and-hold switches 331 and 332.
- CDACs 431 and 432 then internally generate differential reference signals in accordance with control signals CTLp3 and CTLn3 from control unit 500, and differentially output the difference between the reference signal and AINp3 and AINn3 to enable switches 333 and 334.
- CDAC 431 outputs positive signal INP3 of the differential signals, and CDAC 432 outputs negative signal INN3.
- Control signals CTLp3 and CTLn3 are digital signals, and INP3 and INN3 are analog signals.
- CDACs 431 and 432 are an example of a third digital-to-analog converter as described in the claims.
- AINp3 and AINn3 are an example of a third input signal as described in the claims.
- the enable switch 333 opens and closes the path between the CDAC 431 and the control unit 500 according to the enable signal AD3_EN from the timing control circuit 250.
- This enable signal AD3_EN indicates the period during which successive comparison of the differential signal is performed in the third system.
- the enable signal AD3_EN is controlled to a high level within a predetermined period of the sampling period of the first system, and successive comparison of the third system is performed.
- the enable switch 333 supplies the positive side signal INP3 from the CDAC 431 to the control unit 500 during the period during which the enable signal AD3_EN is at a high level.
- the enable switch 334 opens and closes the path between the CDAC 432 and the control unit 500 according to the enable signal AD3_EN. This enable switch 334 supplies the negative signal INN3 from the CDAC 432 to the control unit 500 while the enable signal AD3_EN is at a high level.
- K AND gates 571 and 572 are arranged.
- the AND gates corresponding to the second bit and onwards are omitted in the figure.
- the kth AND gate 571 outputs the logical product of the kth bit of the control signal CTLp and the enable signal AD3_EN to the CDAC 431 as the kth bit of CTLp3.
- the kth AND gate 572 outputs the logical product of the kth bit of the control signal CTLn and the enable signal AD3_EN to the CDAC 432 as the kth bit of CTLn3.
- each SARADDC300 four or more CDACs can also be arranged. If the number of systems is S (S is an integer), then in FIG. 22, one SARADDC300 can be arranged for each S column. As the number of systems increases, the number of SARADDC300s can be reduced, leading to a reduction in the chip area.
- FIG. 24 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the SAR ADC 300 in the fifth embodiment of the present technology.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the control signal SH_SW1 to a high level. During this sampling period, from immediately after timing T1 to immediately before timing T2, the timing control circuit 250 sets the enable signal AD2_EN to a high level. Also, during the period from immediately after timing T2 to immediately before timing T3, the timing control circuit 250 sets the enable signal AD3_EN to a high level.
- the sampling period of the first system and the sampling period of the second system partially overlap.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the control signal SH_SW2 to a high level.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the enable signal AD1_EN to a high level.
- This control allows successive comparison of the first system to be performed in addition to successive comparison of the third system during the sampling period of the second system.
- the sampling period of the second system and the sampling period of the third system partially overlap.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the control signal SH_SW3 to a high level.
- the timing control circuit 250 sets the enable signal AD2_EN to a high level.
- the above-mentioned control is executed repeatedly. As shown in the figure, by performing successive comparison of the remaining two systems during the sampling period of one of the three systems, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the speed of AD conversion even if the settling period is long.
- the second, third, and fourth embodiments can each be applied to the fifth embodiment.
- three CDACs are arranged, and successive comparison is performed on the remaining two systems during the sampling period of one of the three systems, thereby suppressing a decrease in the speed of AD conversion.
- the present technology can also be configured as follows. (1) a first digital-to-analog converter (DAC) having a capacity for holding a first input signal within a first sampling period; a second DAC connected in parallel with the first DAC and having a capacitance for holding a second input signal within a second sampling period; and a comparison unit connected to the first and second DACs.
- DAC digital-to-analog converter
- a single-to-differential conversion circuit that converts a first single-ended signal into a first differential signal and converts a second single-ended signal into a second differential signal; a first sample and hold switch that provides the first differential signal as the first input signal to the first DAC within the first sampling period;
- the AD converter according to (1) further comprising: a second sample-and-hold switch that supplies the second differential signal to the second DAC as the second input signal within the second sampling period.
- a first sample and hold switch that provides a first single-ended signal as the first input signal to the first DAC within the first sampling period; a second sample and hold switch that provides a second single-ended signal as the second input signal to the second DAC during the second sampling period;
- a shared DAC a first single-differential conversion circuit that converts the first input signal into a differential signal during a period from the end of the first sampling period to the start of the second sampling period and supplies the differential signal to the first DAC and the shared DAC;
- the AD converter described in (1) further comprises a second single-differential conversion circuit that converts the second input signal into a differential signal between the end of the second sampling period and the start of the first sampling period and supplies the differential signal to the second DAC and the shared DAC.
- the AD converter according to (1) further comprising: a second sample-and-hold switch that supplies a second single-ended signal and the reference signal to the second DAC as the second input signal within the second sampling period.
- (5) further comprising a logic circuit that generates a second control signal based on the comparison result of the comparison unit within the first sampling period, and generates a first control signal based on the comparison result of the comparison unit within the second sampling period;
- the first DAC generates a pair of first analog signals based on the first control signal and the first input signal within the second sampling period;
- the second DAC generates a pair of second analog signals based on the second control signal and the second input signal within the first sampling period;
- the AD converter according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the comparison section sequentially compares the pair of first analog signals with the pair of second analog signals.
- a first enable switch that supplies the pair of first analog signals to the comparison unit within the second sampling period
- the AD converter according to (5) above, further comprising: a second enable switch that supplies the pair of second analog signals to the comparison unit within the first sampling period.
- the first DAC supplies the pair of first analog signals to the comparison unit;
- the second DAC supplies the pair of second analog signals to the comparison unit;
- a pixel array unit having a plurality of pixels each outputting a pixel signal; an AD converter to which a pixel signal from the pixel array unit is input,
- the AD converter comprises: a first DAC having a capacitance to hold a first input signal within a first sampling period; a second DAC connected in parallel with the first DAC and having a capacitance for holding a second input signal within a second sampling period; a comparison unit connected to the first and second DACs.
- a first DAC having a capacitance holds a first input signal within a first sampling period; a second DAC having a capacitance and connected in parallel with the first DAC holding a second input signal within a second sampling period; a comparison unit connected to the first and second DACs comparing a pair of analog signals.
- Imaging device 110
- Optical system 120
- Image processing unit 130 Memory 140
- Imaging control unit 150
- Solid-state imaging element 201
- Sensor chip 202
- Circuit chip 210
- Pixel array unit 230
- Photodiode 232
- Transfer transistor 233
- Reset transistor 234
- Floating diffusion layer 235
- Amplification transistor 236
- Selection transistor 240
- Column signal processing unit 241
- Sample and hold circuit 242
- Output circuit 271, 272
- Switching circuit 300
- SAR ADC 311, 312, 321, 322, 331, 332 Sample and hold switches 313 to 317, 323 to 327, 333, 334, 352, 514, 515, 524, 525
- Enable switches 340, 341, 342
- Single-differential conversion circuit 351 OR (logical sum) gate 411, 412, 421, 422, 430, 431, 432 CDAC 441, 442
- Capacitor 500 Control section 510 Comparison section 5
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態(2系統のDACを並列に接続した例)
2.第2の実施の形態(2系統のDACを並列に接続し、サンプリング後にシングル-差動変換を行う例)
3.第3の実施の形態(2系統のDACを並列に接続し、シングル入力にした例)
4.第4の実施の形態(2系統のDACを並列に接続し、比較部の入力側のイネーブルスイッチを削減した例)
5.第5の実施の形態(3系統のDACを並列に接続した例)
[撮像装置の構成例]
図1は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における撮像装置100の一構成例を示すブロック図である。この撮像装置100は、画像データを撮像するための装置であり、光学系110、固体撮像素子200、画像処理部120、メモリ130、撮像制御部140およびモニタ150を備える。撮像装置100としては、スマートフォン、IoT(Internet of Things)カメラや車載カメラなどが想定される。
図2は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における固体撮像素子200の一構成例を示すブロック図である。この固体撮像素子200は、センサチップ201と、そのセンサチップ201に積層された回路チップ202とを備える。
図3は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における画素230の一構成例を示す回路図である。この画素230は、フォトダイオード231、転送トランジスタ232、リセットトランジスタ233、浮遊拡散層234、増幅トランジスタ235および選択トランジスタ236を備える。
図4は、本技術の第1の実施の形態におけるカラム信号処理部240の一構成例を示すブロック図である。このカラム信号処理部240には、複数の垂直信号線ごとに1個のSARADC300が配置される。SARADC300の個数を4個とし、列数を4×C(Cは整数)とすると、SARADC300のそれぞれにC列が接続される。また、列ごとに、垂直信号線VSLが配線され、列ごとに、対応するSARDC300と垂直信号線VSLとの間の経路を開閉するスイッチ243が配置される。例えば、垂直信号線VSL_1やVSL_5がスイッチ243を介して1個目のSARADC300に接続される。
図6は、本技術の第1の実施の形態におけるSARADC300の一構成例を示すブロック図である。このSARADC300は、シングル-差動変換回路340と、サンプルホールドスイッチ311、312、321および322と、イネーブルスイッチ313、314、323および324とを備える。さらに、SARADC300は、CDAC(Capacitor Digital-to-Analog Converter)411、412、421および422と、制御部500とを備える。なお、SARADC300は、特許請求の範囲に記載のAD変換器の一例である。
図8は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における比較部510の一構成例を示すブロック図である。比較部510は、pMOS(p-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor)トランジスタ531および532とnMOS(n-channel MOS)トランジスタ511、512および513とラッチ550とを備える。
図9は、本技術の第1の実施の形態におけるSARADC300の動作の一例を示すタイミングチャートである。タイミング制御回路250は、タイミングT1からT2までの第1系統のサンプリング期間内に制御信号SH_SW1をハイレベルにする。また、タイミング制御回路250は、この期間内にイネーブル信号AD2_ENをハイレベルにする。一方、制御信号SH_SW2およびイネーブル信号AD1_ENはローレベルに制御される。
図13は、本技術の第1の実施の形態における固体撮像素子200の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。この動作は、例えば、画像データを撮像するための所定のアプリケーションが実行されたときに開始される。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、SARADC300は、サンプリング前にシングルエンド信号を差動信号に変換していた。この第2の実施の形態におけるSARADC300は、サンプリング後にシングルエンド信号を差動信号に変換する点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、SARADC300は、サンプリング前にシングルエンド信号を差動信号に変換していたが、この構成では、回路規模をさらに削減することが困難である。この第3の実施の形態におけるSARADC300は、シングルエンド信号を差動信号に変換せずに保持する点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、比較部510の入力側にイネーブルスイッチ313、314、323および324を挿入していたが、これらのスイッチを制御する際に、そのオン抵抗に応じたノイズが生じてしまう。この第4の実施の形態におけるSARADC300は、比較部510の入力側のスイッチを削減してノイズを低減した点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
上述の第1の実施の形態では、SARADC300内に2系統のCDACを配置していたが、この構成において、垂直信号線VSLの配線負荷による寄生容量が大きいほどセトリング時間が長くなる。このセトリング期間の長期化により、必要なサンプリング期間が長くなってAD変換の速度が低下してしまう。この第5の実施の形態におけるSARADC300は、CDAC内に3系統以上のCDACを配置することにより、AD変換の速度低下を抑制する点において第1の実施の形態と異なる。
(1)第1のサンプリング期間内に第1の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第1のDAC(Digital-to-Analog Converter)と、
前記第1のDACと並列に接続され、第2のサンプリング期間内に第2の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第2のDACと、
前記第1および第2のDACに接続される比較部と
を具備するAD(Analog to Digital)変換器。
(2)第1のシングルエンド信号を第1の差動信号に変換し、第2のシングルエンド信号を第2の差動信号に変換するシングル-差動変換回路と、
前記第1の差動信号を前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記第1の入力信号として前記第1のDACに供給する第1のサンプルホールドスイッチと、
前記第2の差動信号を前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記第2の入力信号として前記第2のDACに供給する第2のサンプルホールドスイッチと
をさらに具備する前記(1)記載のAD変換器。
(3)第1のシングルエンド信号を前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記第1の入力信号として前記第1のDACに供給する第1のサンプルホールドスイッチと、
第2のシングルエンド信号を前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記第2の入力信号として前記第2のDACに供給する第2のサンプルホールドスイッチと、
共有DACと、
前記第1のサンプリング期間の終了時から前記第2のサンプリング期間の開始までの間に前記第1の入力信号を差動信号に変換して前記第1のDACと前記共有DACとに供給する第1のシングル-差動変換回路と、
前記第2のサンプリング期間の終了時から前記第1のサンプリング期間の開始までの間に前記第2の入力信号を差動信号に変換して前記第2のDACと前記共有DACとに供給する第2のシングル-差動変換回路と
をさらに具備する前記(1)記載のAD変換器。
(4)第1のシングルエンド信号および参照信号を前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記第1の入力信号として前記第1のDACに供給する第1のサンプルホールドスイッチと、
第2のシングルエンド信号および前記参照信号を前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記第2の入力信号として前記第2のDACに供給する第2のサンプルホールドスイッチと
をさらに具備する前記(1)記載のAD変換器。
(5)前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記比較部の比較結果に基づいて第2の制御信号を生成し、前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記比較部の比較結果に基づいて第1の制御信号を生成するロジック回路をさらに具備し、
前記第1のDACは、前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記第1の制御信号と前記第1の入力信号とに基づいて一対の第1アナログ信号を生成し、
前記第2のDACは、前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記第2の制御信号と前記第2の入力信号とに基づいて一対の第2アナログ信号を生成し、
前記比較部は、前記一対の第1アナログ信号と前記一対の第2アナログ信号とを順に比較する
前記(1)から(4)のいずれかに記載のAD変換器。
(6)前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記一対の第1アナログ信号を前記比較部に供給する第1のイネーブルスイッチと、
前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記一対の第2アナログ信号を前記比較部に供給する第2のイネーブルスイッチと
をさらに具備する前記(5)記載のAD変換器。
(7)前記第1のDACは、前記一対の第1アナログ信号を前記比較部に供給し、
前記第2のDACは、前記一対の第2アナログ信号を前記比較部に供給し、
前記比較部は、所定のイネーブル信号に従って前記一対の第2アナログ信号と前記一対の第1アナログ信号とのいずれかを選択して比較する
前記(5)記載のAD変換器。
(8)前記第1および第2のDACと並列に接続され、第3のサンプリング期間内に第3の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第3のDACをさらに具備する
前記(1)から(7)のいずれかに記載のAD変換器。
(9)それぞれが画素信号を出力する複数の画素を有する画素アレイ部と、
前記画素アレイ部からの画素信号が入力されるAD変換器と
を具備し、
前記AD変換器は、
第1のサンプリング期間内に第1の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第1のDACと、
前記第1のDACと並列に接続され、第2のサンプリング期間内に第2の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第2のDACと、
前記第1および第2のDACに接続される比較部と
を備える撮像装置。
(10)容量を有する第1のDACが、第1のサンプリング期間内に第1の入力信号を保持する手順と、
容量を有し、前記第1のDACと並列に接続された第2のDACが、第2のサンプリング期間内に第2の入力信号を保持する手順と、
前記第1および第2のDACに接続される比較部が、一対のアナログ信号を比較する手順と
を具備するAD変換器の制御方法。
110 光学系
120 画像処理部
130 メモリ
140 撮像制御部
150 モニタ
200 固体撮像素子
201 センサチップ
202 回路チップ
210 垂直駆動回路
220 画素アレイ部
230 画素
231 フォトダイオード
232 転送トランジスタ
233 リセットトランジスタ
234 浮遊拡散層
235 増幅トランジスタ
236 選択トランジスタ
240 カラム信号処理部
241 サンプルホールド回路
242 カラムアンプ
243 スイッチ
250 タイミング制御回路
260 出力回路
271、272 切替回路
300 SARADC
311、312、321、322、331、332 サンプルホールドスイッチ
313~317、323~327、333、334、352、514、515、524、525 イネーブルスイッチ
340、341、342 シングル-差動変換回路
351 OR(論理和)ゲート
411、412、421、422、430、431、432 CDAC
441、442 容量
500 制御部
510 比較部
511~513、521~523 nMOSトランジスタ
516、526、551、552、561、562、571、572 AND(論理積)ゲート
531、532 pMOSトランジスタ
550 ラッチ
580 SARロジック回路
Claims (10)
- 第1のサンプリング期間内に第1の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第1のDAC(Digital-to-Analog Converter)と、
前記第1のDACと並列に接続され、第2のサンプリング期間内に第2の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第2のDACと、
前記第1および第2のDACに接続される比較部と
を具備するAD(Analog to Digital)変換器。 - 第1のシングルエンド信号を第1の差動信号に変換し、第2のシングルエンド信号を第2の差動信号に変換するシングル-差動変換回路と、
前記第1の差動信号を前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記第1の入力信号として前記第1のDACに供給する第1のサンプルホールドスイッチと、
前記第2の差動信号を前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記第2の入力信号として前記第2のDACに供給する第2のサンプルホールドスイッチと
をさらに具備する請求項1記載のAD変換器。 - 第1のシングルエンド信号を前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記第1の入力信号として前記第1のDACに供給する第1のサンプルホールドスイッチと、
第2のシングルエンド信号を前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記第2の入力信号として前記第2のDACに供給する第2のサンプルホールドスイッチと、
共有DACと、
前記第1のサンプリング期間の終了時から前記第2のサンプリング期間の開始までの間に前記第1の入力信号を差動信号に変換して前記第1のDACと前記共有DACとに供給する第1のシングル-差動変換回路と、
前記第2のサンプリング期間の終了時から前記第1のサンプリング期間の開始までの間に前記第2の入力信号を差動信号に変換して前記第2のDACと前記共有DACとに供給する第2のシングル-差動変換回路と
をさらに具備する請求項1記載のAD変換器。 - 第1のシングルエンド信号および参照信号を前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記第1の入力信号として前記第1のDACに供給する第1のサンプルホールドスイッチと、
第2のシングルエンド信号および前記参照信号を前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記第2の入力信号として前記第2のDACに供給する第2のサンプルホールドスイッチと
をさらに具備する請求項1記載のAD変換器。 - 前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記比較部の比較結果に基づいて第2の制御信号を生成し、前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記比較部の比較結果に基づいて第1の制御信号を生成するロジック回路をさらに具備し、
前記第1のDACは、前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記第1の制御信号と前記第1の入力信号とに基づいて一対の第1アナログ信号を生成し、
前記第2のDACは、前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記第2の制御信号と前記第2の入力信号とに基づいて一対の第2アナログ信号を生成し、
前記比較部は、前記一対の第1アナログ信号と前記一対の第2アナログ信号とを順に比較する
請求項1記載のAD変換器。 - 前記第2のサンプリング期間内に前記一対の第1アナログ信号を前記比較部に供給する第1のイネーブルスイッチと、
前記第1のサンプリング期間内に前記一対の第2アナログ信号を前記比較部に供給する第2のイネーブルスイッチと
をさらに具備する請求項5記載のAD変換器。 - 前記第1のDACは、前記一対の第1アナログ信号を前記比較部に供給し、
前記第2のDACは、前記一対の第2アナログ信号を前記比較部に供給し、
前記比較部は、所定のイネーブル信号に従って前記一対の第2アナログ信号と前記一対の第1アナログ信号とのいずれかを選択して比較する
請求項5記載のAD変換器。 - 前記第1および第2のDACと並列に接続され、第3のサンプリング期間内に第3の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第3のDACをさらに具備する
請求項1記載のAD変換器。 - それぞれが画素信号を出力する複数の画素を有する画素アレイ部と、
前記画素アレイ部からの画素信号が入力されるAD変換器と
を具備し、
前記AD変換器は、
第1のサンプリング期間内に第1の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第1のDACと、
前記第1のDACと並列に接続され、第2のサンプリング期間内に第2の入力信号を保持する容量を有する第2のDACと、
前記第1および第2のDACに接続される比較部と
を備える撮像装置。 - 容量を有する第1のDACが、第1のサンプリング期間内に第1の入力信号を保持する手順と、
容量を有し、前記第1のDACと並列に接続された第2のDACが、第2のサンプリング期間内に第2の入力信号を保持する手順と、
前記第1および第2のDACに接続される比較部が、一対のアナログ信号を比較する手順と
を具備するAD変換器の制御方法。
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| WO2018116540A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | オリンパス株式会社 | 逐次比較型a/d変換装置、撮像装置、内視鏡および設定方法 |
| WO2019198586A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-17 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像素子及び電子機器 |
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| JP2009164914A (ja) * | 2008-01-07 | 2009-07-23 | Toshiba Corp | A/d変換装置 |
| WO2018116540A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | オリンパス株式会社 | 逐次比較型a/d変換装置、撮像装置、内視鏡および設定方法 |
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