WO2024224712A1 - アーク溶接継手およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
アーク溶接継手およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024224712A1 WO2024224712A1 PCT/JP2024/001190 JP2024001190W WO2024224712A1 WO 2024224712 A1 WO2024224712 A1 WO 2024224712A1 JP 2024001190 W JP2024001190 W JP 2024001190W WO 2024224712 A1 WO2024224712 A1 WO 2024224712A1
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- slag
- welding
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- weld
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/025—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arc welded joint that has a small amount of slag adhesion, a stable penetration depth, and excellent weld joint strength and corrosion resistance of the weld, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- components used in corrosive environments are subjected to anti-rust treatments such as chemical conversion coating and electrocoating after welding to ensure corrosion resistance.
- anti-rust treatments such as chemical conversion coating and electrocoating after welding to ensure corrosion resistance.
- rust and corrosion may be observed at the weld and its vicinity.
- corrosion that occurs in components that have been electrocoated tends to start at the weld, and over time it spreads over a wide area at the weld and its surroundings, accompanied by blistering of the paint film, and also progresses in the thickness direction.
- the plate thickness at the weld and its vicinity decreases, resulting in a decrease in the strength of the weld and ultimately the strength of the component.
- a load acts on the weld (such as an automobile's suspension components)
- a chemical conversion treatment (such as zinc phosphate treatment) is applied to the base steel sheet and weld metal as a pretreatment to improve adhesion between the electrodeposition coating and the base steel sheet and weld metal, and then electrodeposition painting is performed.
- Zinc phosphate treatment a widely used example of a chemical conversion treatment, is a technique in which zinc phosphate crystals are grown on the surface of the base steel sheet and weld metal to improve the adhesion of the coating during electrodeposition painting.
- paint blistering frequently occurs over a wide area at and around the weld over time.
- the starting point of corrosion from the weld is (a) Slag adhering to the weld (mainly the surface of the weld bead), (b) Welding fumes adhering to the welded part; (c) Oxides formed on the surface of steel plates exposed to high temperatures by welding; has been known for some time. Even if a member having the above-mentioned deposits (a) and (b) or oxides (c) present in the welded portion is subjected to chemical conversion treatment, these deposits and products will cause localized areas that are not covered with a chemical conversion treatment layer made of zinc phosphate crystals to remain, starting from these deposits and products.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which after arc welding and before electrocoating, the weld and its vicinity are sprayed or immersed in a non-oxidizing acidic solution with a pH of 2 or less and a liquid temperature of 30 to 90°C. This technique removes the above-mentioned (a) slag, (b) welding fumes, and (c) oxides by dissolving the weld beads and base steel plate in a non-oxidizing solution.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technology that reduces the total Si content of the welding wire and base material used in arc welding, and increases the total Mn content of the welding wire and base material, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the weld and its vicinity after painting.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technology for forming a sufficient chemical conversion layer by adjusting the components of the treatment liquid used in the chemical conversion treatment, even in weld beads that contain slag, welding fumes, and oxides. Specifically, the formation of the chemical conversion layer is facilitated by performing surface treatment using a surface adjustment liquid containing zinc phosphate colloid. Furthermore, by performing chemical conversion treatment using a zinc phosphate treatment liquid with an F content of 100 mass ppm or more, slag, welding fumes, and oxides are dissolved and removed, improving the adhesion of the coating film formed by electrocoating.
- Patent Document 3 uses a zinc phosphate treatment solution that contains fluorine, which is designated as a toxic substance, so when the waste liquid is discharged outside the factory, the fluorine content must be reduced to a level that meets environmental standards. Therefore, in addition to the parts manufacturing equipment, large-scale waste liquid treatment equipment is required.
- the present invention was made in consideration of these problems, and aims to provide an arc welded joint that has a small amount of slag adhesion, a stable penetration depth, and excellent weld joint strength and corrosion resistance of the weld, as well as a method for manufacturing the same.
- the inventors have discovered that the most effective way to improve the corrosion resistance of the weld and stably obtain welded joints with a stable penetration depth is to reduce the amount of slag that adheres to the weld and to achieve periodic short-circuit transfer using pulse welding.
- the penetration depth becomes unstable. Therefore, the inventors have discovered a technology that uses pulse welding to reduce the crawling of the cathode spot and realizes periodic short-circuit transfer that is not easily affected by the wobbling of the arc, and by using a pulse current waveform, a welded joint with less slag adhesion, stable penetration, and excellent welded joint strength and corrosion resistance can be obtained.
- the present invention is based on the above findings, and the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the arc welded joint has an upper plate, a lower plate, and a weld portion that joins the upper plate and the lower plate and penetrates into the upper plate and the lower plate,
- the thickness t1 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are each 5.0 mm or less
- the plate thickness t2 of the lower plate and the penetration depth d which is the distance from the boundary between the upper plate and the lower plate in the cross section of the weld to the lower surface of the weld bead, satisfy the following formula (1): and a slag coverage area ratio S RATIO calculated by the following formula (2) using a bead surface area S BEAD of the weld bead surface and a slag surface area S SLAG , which is the area of a region covered with slag
- t 2 (mm) represents the plate thickness of the lower plate
- d (mm) represents the penetration depth
- S RATIO S SLAG /S BEAD ⁇ 100...(2)
- S BEAD (mm 2 ) is the bead surface area
- S SLAG (mm 2 ) is the slag surface area, which is the area of the region covered with slag
- S RATIO (%) is the slag coverage area ratio.
- the average welding current I AVE is 100 A or more and 320 A or less
- the pulse peak current Ip is 400 A or more and 600 A or less
- the pulse peak time Tp is 1.5 ms or more and 3.5 ms or less
- Ar gas having a volume percentage of 98% or more is used as a shielding gas during welding, A method for manufacturing an arc welded joint in which droplet transfer is achieved by short-circuiting the welding wire and the base metal.
- stable penetration ensures excellent weld joint strength, and by suppressing slag generation, it is possible to obtain a weld joint with excellent corrosion resistance at the welded portion.
- the above effects can be obtained without making special changes to the specifications of the welding equipment used in conventional carbon dioxide welding, MAG welding using a mixture of inert gas and active gas, or MIG welding using a gas mainly composed of inert gas.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a welded joint produced by arc welding.
- 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic diagrams showing droplet transfer in conventional arc welding.
- 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic diagrams illustrating short-circuit transfer in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the penetration depth and throat thickness in a cross section of a welded portion.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a pulse current waveform in arc welding according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the bead area and slag coverage area of a weld bead.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a corrosion resistance test of a weld bead.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a welded joint produced by arc welding, illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
- fillet arc welding of a lap joint joining a corner made of two steel plates is shown as a representative example, but the shape of the welded joint and the welding position are not limited in the present invention.
- the welding wire 1 which is continuously fed from the welding torch 2 through the center of the welding torch 2 to the base material 3 (more specifically, a weld line consisting of the corner of a step formed by stacking two layers of base material 3), is used as the anode, and the base material 3 is used as the cathode, and a welding voltage is applied from a welding power source (not shown).
- a contact tip is attached to the welding torch 2, and serves to supply power to the welding wire 1 and to guide the feed.
- An arc 5B is formed between the welding wire 1 and the base material 3 by ionizing a portion of the Ar shielding gas (not shown) supplied from inside the welding torch 2 and turning it into plasma.
- the portion of the Ar shielding gas that does not ionize and flows from the welding torch 2 to the base material 3 serves to isolate the arc 5B and the molten pool (not shown in FIG. 1) formed by melting the base material 3 from the outside air.
- Heat input from the arc 5B melts the tip of the welding wire 1 into a droplet, which is then transported to the molten pool by electromagnetic force, gravity, etc. This phenomenon occurs continuously as the welding torch 2 or base material 3 moves, causing the molten pool to solidify behind the weld line and forming a weld bead 6. This achieves the joining of at least two steel plates (base material 3).
- the cathode spot is not fixed in MIG welding, which does not generate oxides derived from O 2 or CO 2 , and the cathode spot moves around the surface of the base material vigorously in search of a place with a low work function. For this reason, the heat input to the base material cannot be obtained stably, and a welded joint with an excessively small penetration depth or a large variation in the penetration depth is obtained.
- the shielding property of the Ar shielding gas that blocks the intrusion of oxidizing gas into the molten pool is reduced, and the generation of slag may increase.
- FIG. 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic diagrams illustrating droplet transfer in conventional MIG welding.
- the welding wire 1 melts and is continuously transported from a long and thin liquid column to the molten pool 8 as shown in Fig. 2(a), and large droplets 7 are generated at the tip of the welding wire 1 and are transported to the molten pool 8 by falling or short-circuiting as shown in Fig. 2(b).
- an effective means for stabilizing droplet transfer is to complete joining by so-called periodic short-circuit transfer, in which the non-short-circuit state of Fig. 3(a) and the short-circuit state of Fig. 3(b) are regularly repeated between the tip of the welding wire 1 and the base metal 3, and droplets 7 are transferred to the base metal 3 during the short-circuit state.
- the penetration depth of the weld cross section as shown in Fig. 4 can be controlled to a predetermined value, and a predetermined welded joint strength can be obtained.
- the arc welded joint has an upper plate 20, a lower plate 21, and a weld bead 6 that joins the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 21 and penetrates into the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 21.
- the penetration depth 23 refers to the distance from the boundary 24 between the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 21 in the cross section of the weld to the underside of the weld bead 6.
- the plate thickness t2 of the lower plate is designated by the symbol 22.
- the thickness t2 of the lower plate and the penetration depth d satisfy the formula (1): 0.20 ⁇ d/ t2 ⁇ 0.80 (1)
- t 2 (mm) represents the plate thickness of the lower plate
- d (mm) represents the penetration depth. If d/t 2 is less than 0.20, poor penetration of the welded portion occurs, and the strength of the welded joint decreases. Therefore, d/t 2 is set to 0.20 or more.
- d/t 2 is preferably 0.25 or more.
- d/t 2 is more preferably 0.30 or more.
- d/t 2 is even more preferably 0.32 or more. Most preferably 0.35 or more.
- d/t 2 is set to 0.80 or less.
- d/t 2 is preferably 0.75 or less.
- d/t 2 is more preferably 0.70 or less.
- d/t 2 is even more preferably 0.68 or less.
- d/t 2 is most preferably 0.65 or less.
- the thickness t1 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are 5.0 mm or less. If the thickness t1 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are greater than 5.0 mm, the penetration is insufficient due to the diffusion of heat input, and the throat thickness 25 shown in FIG. 4 is reduced, and the cross-sectional area (throat thickness x weld length) that bears the external load is insufficient, leading to a decrease in the strength of the welded joint. Therefore, the thickness t1 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are set to 5.0 mm or less. It is preferable that the thickness t1 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are set to 4.8 mm or less.
- the thickness t1 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are set to 4.5 mm or less. It is even more preferable that the thickness t2 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are set to 4.2 mm or less. It is most preferable that the thickness t1 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are set to 0.5 mm or more. It is more preferable that the thickness t2 of the upper plate and the thickness t2 of the lower plate are set to 0.8 mm or more, although there is no particular limit to the lower limit. It is more preferable that the weld length is 1.0 mm or more, and most preferable that the weld length is 1.2 mm or more. Note that the weld length refers to the length of the weld bead 6 in the weld line direction 11 shown in FIG.
- Slag coverage area ratio S RATIO is 15% or less
- the slag coverage area ratio S RATIO calculated by the following formula (2) using the bead surface area S BEAD of the weld bead surface and the slag surface area S SLAG , which is the area of the region covered with slag in the bead surface area S BEAD , exceeds 15%, rust and corrosion starting from the slag progress over a wide range of the welded part, and the strength of the welded joint may decrease due to a decrease in plate thickness. Therefore, the slag coverage area ratio S RATIO is set to 15% or less.
- the slag coverage area ratio S RATIO is preferably 14% or less.
- the slag coverage area ratio S RATIO is more preferably 12% or less.
- the slag coverage area ratio S RATIO is further preferably 10% or less.
- the slag coverage area ratio S RATIO is most preferably 8% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be 0%.
- S RATIO S SLAG /S BEAD ⁇ 100...(2)
- S BEAD (mm 2 ) is the bead surface area
- S SLAG (mm 2 ) is the slag surface area, which is the area of the region covered with slag
- S RATIO (%) is the slag coverage area ratio.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a pulse current waveform in the arc welding of the present invention.
- Pulse welding is a method in which a pulse peak current (I p ) and a pulse base current (I b ) are periodically repeated to perform welding.
- the average welding current I AVE is a value obtained by taking a time average of a welding current that changes periodically as shown in the pulse waveform of FIG. 5.
- the average welding current I AVE is set to 100A or more.
- the average welding current I AVE is preferably 120A or more.
- the average welding current I AVE is more preferably 140A or more.
- the average welding current I AVE is even more preferably 160A or more.
- the average welding current I AVE is most preferably 180A or more.
- the average welding current I AVE is set to 320 A or less.
- the average welding current I AVE is preferably 300 A or less.
- the average welding current I AVE is more preferably 270 A or less.
- the average welding current I AVE is further preferably 260 A or less.
- the average welding current I AVE is most preferably 250 A or less.
- Pulse peak current I p is 400A or more and 600A or less When the pulse peak current I p is less than 400A, the heat input becomes too small, and the penetration depth decreases. Therefore, the pulse peak current I p is set to 400A or more.
- the pulse peak current I p is preferably 450A or more.
- the pulse peak current I p is more preferably 470A or more.
- the pulse peak current I p is further preferably 490A or more.
- the pulse peak current I p is most preferably 500A or more.
- the pulse peak current I p is greater than 600A, the instantaneous heat input becomes too large, and a burn-through, which is a welding defect, may occur.
- the pulse peak current I p is set to 600A or less.
- the pulse peak current I p is preferably 590A or less.
- the pulse peak current I p is more preferably 580A or less.
- the pulse peak current Ip is more preferably 570 A or less.
- the pulse peak current Ip is most preferably 560 A or less.
- the pulse base current (I b ) is preferably 30 A or more.
- the pulse base current (I b ) is more preferably 40 A or more.
- the pulse base current (I b ) is even more preferably 45 A or more.
- the pulse base current (I b ) is most preferably 50 A or more.
- the pulse base current (I b ) is preferably 120 A or less. It is more preferable that the pulse base current (I b ) is 110 A or less. The pulse base current (I b ) is even more preferably 100 A or less. It is most preferable that the pulse base current (I b ) is 90 A or less.
- Pulse peak time Tp is 1.5 ms or more and 3.5 ms or less
- the pulse peak time Tp is set to 1.5 ms or more.
- the pulse peak time Tp is preferably set to 1.8 ms or more.
- the pulse peak time Tp is more preferably set to 2.0 ms or more.
- the pulse peak time Tp is even more preferably set to 2.1 ms or more.
- the pulse peak time Tp exceeds 3.5 ms, the heat input becomes too large, and burn-through, which is a welding defect, may occur.
- the pulse peak time Tp is set to 3.5 ms or less.
- the pulse peak time Tp is preferably set to 3.2 ms or less.
- the pulse peak time Tp is more preferably set to 3.0 ms or less.
- the pulse peak time Tp is even more preferably set to 2.9 ms or less.
- the pulse peak time Tp is more preferably 2.8 ms or less.
- the pulse peak current Ip , the pulse base current Ib , the pulse peak time Tp , the rise time Tup from the pulse base current to the pulse peak current, the fall time Tdown from the pulse peak current to the pulse base current, the arc voltage V, and the welding speed W satisfy the following formula (3) (preferable condition): ( 3 ) Ip (A): pulse peak current, Ib (A): pulse base current, Tp (ms): pulse peak time, Tup (ms): rise time, Tdown (ms): fall time, V (V): arc voltage, W (cm/s): welding speed If ( Ip x ( Tp + Tup + Tdown ) - (Ip - Ib ) x ( Tup + Tdown )/2)/( Tp + Tup + Tdown ) x V/W/1000 is less than 5.8 kJ/cm, the heat input at the peak which affects the penetration becomes too small, and the penetration depth 23 decreases.
- (Ip x (Tp + Tup + Tdown ) - (Ip - Ib ) x ( Tup + Tdown ) / 2) / ( Tp + Tup + Tdown ) x V/W/1000 is preferably 5.8 kJ/cm or more. More preferably, it is 6.5 kJ/cm or more. Even more preferably, it is 7.0 kJ/cm or more. Most preferably, it is 7.5 kJ/cm or more. Furthermore, if it exceeds 14.4 kJ/cm, the heat input becomes too large, and burn-through, which is a welding defect, may occur.
- (Ip x ( Tp + Tup + Tdown ) - (Ip - Ib ) x ( Tup + Tdown ) / 2) / ( Tp + Tup + Tdown ) x V/W/1000 is preferably 14.4 kJ/cm or less. More preferably, it is 12.8 kJ/cm or less. Even more preferably, it is 11.5 kJ/cm or less. Most preferably, it is 10.2 kJ/cm or less.
- the Ar gas ratio of the shielding gas is set to 98% by volume or more.
- the Ar gas ratio of the shielding gas is preferably 99% by volume or more. There is no particular upper limit, and the Ar gas ratio may be 100%.
- the welding wire 1 used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a solid wire for MAG welding as described in JIS Z 3312 can be used.
- the base material 3 of the present invention is intended for steel sheets and plated steel sheets.
- the composition of the steel sheets is not limited, but for example, a steel sheet containing C: 0.02-0.3 mass%, Si: 0.01 mass% or more, Mn: 0.5% mass% or more, P: 0.05 mass% or less, and S: 0.05 mass% or less is preferable, and other alloy elements such as Cu, Ni, Cr, and Ti may be contained.
- Si is preferably 3.0 mass% or less
- Mn is preferably 5.0 mass% or less.
- the lower limit of P is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0005 mass% or more
- the lower limit of S is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0005 mass% or more.
- the plating composition of plated steel sheets is not particularly limited, but an example is Zn.
- the welded steel plates obtained in the above manner were evaluated for slag coverage area ratio, penetration depth, corrosion resistance of the weld, and weld joint strength according to the following test methods.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the bead area and the slag-covered area in a weld bead.
- the bead surface area S BEAD and the slag-covered surface area S SLAG shown in Fig. 6 are calculated by photographing the surface of the region of the weld bead 6 excluding the bead start and end portions 10 (each 15 mm long) from directly above and measuring the projected areas from the top surface of the weld bead 6 and the slag.
- the length of the weld bead 6 is less than 130 mm, the surface of the entire length excluding the bead start and end portions 10 is photographed.
- the penetration depth d was measured by observing a cross section in the plate thickness direction perpendicular to the weld line (parallel to the straight line AA in FIG. 6) at five arbitrary points of the weld bead 6 as shown in FIG. 4 in an area excluding the bead start and end points 10 (each 15 mm long). However, the five arbitrary points were located at positions 5 mm or more apart from each other.
- the arbitrary points of the weld bead 6 were cut in the plate thickness direction perpendicular to the weld line, and the penetration depths 23 of each were obtained, and the average value of these was taken as the "penetration depth d (mm)".
- a value of d/ t2 ( t2 is the plate thickness of the lower plate) of 0.20 to 0.80 was considered to be acceptable.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the corrosion resistance test in the weld bead.
- the arc welded joint after the corrosion test was immersed in an immersion stripper to remove the electrocoating, and then the corrosion products were removed in accordance with ISO8407.
- the weld bead 6 included the bead start and end portions 10 (each 15 mm long)
- the surface of the area excluding the bead start and end portions 10 was photographed, and the obtained photograph was analyzed to measure the maximum corrosion width H MAX in the corroded area 12 in the direction perpendicular to the weld line direction 11 from the bead toe.
- the corrosion resistance was evaluated as excellent when the maximum corrosion width H MAX was less than 6.0 mm, and insufficient when the maximum corrosion width H MAX was 6.0 mm or more, and was evaluated as insufficient when the maximum corrosion width H MAX was 6.0 mm or more.
- a tensile test piece according to JIS Z 2241 was obtained from the welded joint by machining.
- the tensile test piece was prepared so that the welded part was in the center.
- a tensile test of the prepared tensile test piece a tensile test was performed at room temperature with a tensile speed of 10 mm/min to obtain the tensile strength of the joint.
- the value obtained by dividing this value by the tensile strength of the base material (here, simply referred to as the strength ratio) was used as an evaluation parameter of the welded joint strength.
- the evaluation of the welded joint strength was performed as follows: when the strength ratio was 0.6 or more, it was judged to be more excellent and was marked with " ⁇ ", when it was 0.5 or more and less than 0.6, it was judged to be excellent and was marked with " ⁇ ", and when it was less than 0.5, it was judged that the welded joint strength was insufficient and was marked with " ⁇ ".
- the S RATIO was 15% or less and the d/ t2 was 0.20 or more and 0.80 or less, and weld joints excellent in corrosion resistance and weld joint strength were obtained.
- Weld Nos. 1 to 4 and 12 to 14 had an S RATIO of 15% or less and d/ t2 of 0.30 to 0.70, and thus weld joints with superior corrosion resistance and weld joint strength were obtained.
- the S RATIO was greater than 15%, or d/ t2 was less than 0.20 or greater than 0.80, and good weld joints were not obtained.
- the evaluation was A when "S RATIO is 15% or less, d/ t2 is 0.30 to 0.70, and the welded joint strength is 'A'"
- the evaluation was B when "S RATIO is 15% or less, d/ t2 is 0.20 to 0.30, or S RATIO is 15% or less, d/ t2 is more than 0.70 and 0.80 or less, and the welded joint strength is ' ⁇ '”
- Evaluation F was considered to be a failure, and evaluations A and B were considered to be passes.
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Abstract
Description
(a)溶接部(主に溶接ビードの表面)に付着したスラグ、
(b)溶接部に付着した溶接ヒューム、
(c)溶接によって高温に曝される鋼板の表面で生成した酸化物、
が従来から知られている。上記した(a)(b)の付着物や(c)の酸化物が溶接部に存在する部材を化成処理に供しても、これらの付着物や生成物を起点として、リン酸亜鉛結晶からなる化成処理層で覆われない領域が局部的に残留する。そのような領域に電着塗装を施しても塗膜の形成が不十分であり、塗膜の密着性が不十分となるので、耐食性が著しく低下し、腐食の発生と進展に起因する板厚の減少を引き起こす。上記した(a)(b)の付着物や(c)の酸化物の発生を防止する技術として以下の内容が検討されている。
[1] 2枚の鋼板から成る角を接合する重ね隅肉アーク溶接によって製造されるアーク溶接継手であって、
前記アーク溶接継手は上板、下板、および前記上板と前記下板を接合し、前記上板と前記下板に対して溶け込んでいる溶接部とを有しており、
上板の板厚t1および下板の板厚t2がそれぞれ5.0mm以下で、
前記下板の板厚t2と、前記溶接部の断面における上板と下板の境界から溶接ビードの下面までの距離である溶込み深さdが下記(1)式を満足し、
かつ、溶接ビード表面のビード表面積SBEADと前記ビード表面積SBEADのうちのスラグで覆われた領域の面積であるスラグ表面積SSLAGとを用いて下記(2)式で算出されるスラグ被覆面積率SRATIOが15%以下である、アーク溶接継手。
0.20≦d/t2≦0.80 ・・・(1)
(1)式中では、t2(mm):下板の板厚、d(mm):溶込み深さを示す。
SRATIO=SSLAG /SBEAD ×100 ・・・(2)
(2)式中では、SBEAD(mm2):ビード表面積、SSLAG(mm2):スラグで覆われた領域の面積であるスラグ表面積、SRATIO(%):スラグ被覆面積率を示す。
[2] 前記[1]に記載のアーク溶接継手を製造するアーク溶接継手の製造方法であって、
アーク溶接方法はパルスピーク電流とパルスベース電流を周期的に繰り返すパルス溶接であり、
平均溶接電流IAVEが100A以上320A以下であり、
パルスピーク電流Ipが400A以上600A以下であり、
パルスピーク時間Tpが1.5ms以上3.5ms以下であり、
溶接時のシールドガスとして98体積%以上であるArガスを使用し、
溶接ワイヤと母材が短絡することで溶滴移行が達成される、アーク溶接継手の製造方法。
[3] 前記パルス溶接において、前記パルスピーク電流Ip、パルスベース電流Ib、前記パルスピーク時間Tp、パルスベース電流からパルスピーク電流までの立ち上がり時間Tup、パルスピーク電流からパルスベース電流までの立ち下がり時間Tdown、アーク電圧V、溶接速度Wが下記(3)式を満足する、[2]に記載のアーク溶接継手の製造方法。
5.8≦(Ip×(Tp+Tup+Tdown)-(Ip-Ib)×(Tup+Tdown)/2)/(Tp+Tup+Tdown)×V/W/1000≦14.4・・・(3)
Ip(A):パルスピーク電流、Ib(A):パルスベース電流、Tp(ms):パルスピーク時間、Tup(ms):立ち上がり時間、Tdown(ms):立ち下がり時間、V(V):アーク電圧、W(cm/s):溶接速度
図2(a)および図2(b)には、従来のMIG溶接による溶滴移行の様子を説明する概略図を示す。従来のMIG溶接の溶滴移行では、図2(a)のように溶接ワイヤ1が溶融し、細長い液柱から連続的に溶融池8へと輸送される形態と、図2(b)のように溶接ワイヤ1先端に大きな溶滴7が生成し、それが落下または短絡により溶融池8へと輸送される形態が混在する。この不安定な溶滴移行を抑制するためには、溶接ワイヤ1先端から溶滴7を規則的に離脱させることが有効であると考えられるが、Arシールドガスの場合、溶接ワイヤ1に作用する電磁ピンチ力が小さく、溶滴7の離脱が困難となる。
そこで、本発明では、溶滴移行を安定化させる手段として、溶接ワイヤ1先端と母材3との間で、図3(a)の非短絡状態と、図3(b)の短絡状態とが規則的に繰り返され、短絡状態時に溶滴7が母材3へ移行する、いわゆる周期的な短絡移行により接合を完了させることが有効であることを知見した。さらに、更なる溶接実験を重ねた結果、パルス電流波形のパルスピーク電流ならびにパルスピーク時間を限定することで、図4に示すような溶接部断面の溶込み深さを所定の値に制御することができ、所定の溶接継手強度が得られることを知見した。
0.20 ≦d/t2≦ 0.80・・・(1)
(1)式中では、t2(mm):下板の板厚、d(mm):溶込み深さを示す。
d/t2が0.20未満では、溶接部の溶込み不良が発生し、溶接継手強度が低下する。そのため、d/t2は0.20以上とする。d/t2は好ましくは0.25以上である。d/t2はより好ましくは0.30以上である。d/t2はさらに好ましくは0.32以上である。もっとも好ましくは0.35以上である。一方、d/t2が0.80を超える場合では、溶接時の入熱過多によって溶接熱影響部の領域が大きくなり、溶接継手強度の低下を引き起こす。また、溶接変形が大きくなることによっても所定の溶接継手強度が得られない場合がある。このため、d/t2は0.80以下とする。d/t2は好ましくは0.75以下である。d/t2はより好ましくは0.70以下である。d/t2はさらに好ましくは0.68以下である。d/t2はもっとも好ましくは0.65以下である。
上板の板厚t1および下板の板厚t2が5.0mmより大きい場合、入熱の拡散によって溶込みが過小となり、また図4に示すのど厚25が小さくなり、外荷重を受け持つ断面積(のど厚×溶接長)が過小となるため、溶接継手強度の低下に繋がる。そのため、上板の板厚t1および下板の板厚t2が5.0mm以下とする。上板の板厚t1および下板の板厚t2が4.8mm以下とすることが好ましい。4.5mm以下とすることがより好ましい。4.2mm以下とすることがさらに好ましい。4.0mm以下とすることがもっとも好ましい。下限については特に限定されるわけではないが、上板の板厚t1および下板の板厚t2は0.5mm以上とすることが好ましい。0.8mm以上とすることがより好ましい。1.0mm以上とすることがさらに好ましい。1.2mm以上とすることがもっとも好ましい。なお、溶接長とは図6で示す溶接ビード6の溶接線方向11の長さを指している。
溶接ビード表面のビード表面積SBEADと前記ビード表面積SBEADのうちのスラグで覆われた領域の面積であるスラグ表面積SSLAGとを用いて下記(2)式で算出される、スラグ被覆面積率SRATIOが15%を超える場合、溶接部の広い範囲でスラグを起点とした錆発生ならびに腐食が進行し、板厚減少による溶接継手強度の低下が生じ得る。そのため、スラグ被覆面積率SRATIOは15%以下とする。スラグ被覆面積率SRATIOは好ましくは、14%以下である。スラグ被覆面積率SRATIOは、より好ましくは12%以下である。スラグ被覆面積率SRATIOはさらに好ましくは、10%以下である。スラグ被覆面積率SRATIOは、もっとも好ましくは8%以下である。下限は特に限定されるわけではなく、0%であってもよい。
SRATIO=SSLAG /SBEAD ×100 ・・・(2)
(2)式中では、SBEAD(mm2):ビード表面積、SSLAG(mm2):スラグで覆われた領域の面積であるスラグ表面積、SRATIO(%):スラグ被覆面積率を示す。
図5に本発明のアーク溶接におけるパルス電流波形を示す概略図を示す。パルス溶接とは、パルスピーク電流(Ip)とパルスベース電流(Ib)が周期的に繰り返されて溶接する方法である。平均溶接電流IAVEとは図5のパルス波形で示すように周期的に変化する溶接電流の時間平均をとった値である。平均溶接電流IAVEが100A未満となるパルス溶接では、MIGアークの不安定化を抑制できず、所定の溶込み深さが得られない。そのため、平均溶接電流IAVEは100A以上とする。平均溶接電流IAVEは好ましくは、120A以上である。平均溶接電流IAVEはより好ましくは、140A以上である。平均溶接電流IAVEはさらに好ましくは、160A以上である。平均溶接電流IAVEはもっとも好ましくは、180A以上である。平均溶接電流IAVEが320Aを超えるパルス溶接では、入熱量が過大となることで溶接欠陥である溶落ちが発生する場合がある。そのため、平均溶接電流IAVEは320A以下とする。平均溶接電流IAVEは好ましくは、300A以下である。平均溶接電流IAVEはより好ましくは、270A以下である。平均溶接電流IAVEはさらに好ましくは、260A以下である。平均溶接電流IAVEはもっとも好ましくは、250A以下である。
パルスピーク電流Ipが400A未満では、入熱量が過小となることで、溶込み深さが低下する。そのため、パルスピーク電流Ipは400A以上とする。パルスピーク電流Ipは好ましくは450A以上である。パルスピーク電流Ipはより好ましくは470A以上である。パルスピーク電流Ipはさらに好ましくは490A以上である。パルスピーク電流Ipはもっとも好ましくは500A以上である。また、パルスピーク電流Ipが600Aより大きい場合では、瞬間的な入熱量が過大となることで溶接欠陥である溶落ちが発生する場合がある。溶接欠陥である溶落ちが発生するということは、母材が正常に接合されておらず、所定のアーク溶接継手を得ることができないことを指す。このため、パルスピーク電流Ipは600A以下とする。パルスピーク電流Ipは好ましくは590A以下である。パルスピーク電流Ipはより好ましくは580A以下である。パルスピーク電流Ipはさらに好ましくは570A以下である。パルスピーク電流Ipはもっとも好ましくは560A以下である。
パルスピーク時間Tpが1.5ms未満では、パルスピーク電流と同様に入熱量が過小となることで、溶込み深さが低下する。そのため、パルスピーク時間Tpは1.5ms以上とする。パルスピーク時間Tpは、好ましくは1.8ms以上とする。パルスピーク時間Tpはより好ましくは2.0ms以上である。パルスピーク時間Tpは、さらに好ましくは2.1ms以上とする。また、パルスピーク時間Tpが3.5msを超える場合では、入熱量が過大となることで溶接欠陥である溶落ちが発生する場合がある。このため、パルスピーク時間Tpは3.5ms以下とする。パルスピーク時間Tpは、好ましくは3.2ms以下とする。パルスピーク時間Tpはより好ましくは3.0ms以下である。パルスピーク時間Tpは、さらに好ましくは2.9ms以下とする。パルスピーク時間Tpは、より好ましくは2.8ms以下とする。
5.8 ≦(Ip×(Tp+Tup+Tdown)-(Ip-Ib)×(Tup+Tdown)/2)/(Tp+Tup+Tdown)×V/W/1000 ≦ 14.4 ・・・(3)
Ip(A):パルスピーク電流、Ib(A):パルスベース電流、Tp(ms):パルスピーク時間、Tup(ms):立ち上がり時間、Tdown(ms):立ち下がり時間、V(V):アーク電圧、W(cm/s):溶接速度
(Ip×(Tp+Tup+Tdown)-(Ip-Ib)×(Tup+Tdown)/2)/(Tp+Tup+Tdown)×V/W/1000が5.8kJ/cm未満の場合、溶込みに影響を及ぼすピーク時の入熱量が過小となり、溶込み深さ23が低下する。そのため、(Ip×(Tp+Tup+Tdown)-(Ip-Ib)×(Tup+Tdown)/2)/(Tp+Tup+Tdown)×V/W/1000は5.8kJ/cm以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは6.5kJ/cm以上である。さらに好ましくは7.0kJ/cm以上である。もっとも好ましくは7.5kJ/cm以上である。また、14.4kJ/cmを超える場合では、入熱量が過大となることで溶接欠陥である溶落ちが発生する場合がある。このため、(Ip×(Tp+Tup+Tdown)-(Ip-Ib)×(Tup+Tdown)/2)/(Tp+Tup+Tdown)×V/W/1000は14.4kJ/cm以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは12.8kJ/cm以下である。さらに好ましくは11.5kJ/cm以下である。もっとも好ましくは10.2kJ/cm以下である。
シールドガスのArガス比率が98体積%未満である場合、シールドガス中の酸化性ガスと溶融金属に含まれる合金元素との化学反応が促進され、耐食性低下の原因となるスラグの生成量が増加する。そのため、シールドガスのArガス比率は98体積%以上とする。シールドガスのArガス比率は好ましくは99体積%以上である。上限は特に限定されるわけではなく、Arガス比率は100%であってもよい。
図6は溶接ビードにおけるビード面積およびスラグ被覆面積を示す概略図である。図6に示すようなビード表面積SBEADとスラグ被覆表面積SSLAGは、溶接ビード6のビード始終端部10(各々長さ15mm)を除いた領域の表面を真上から撮影し、溶接ビード6およびスラグの上面からの投影面積を測定して算出する。溶接ビード6の長さが130mm未満である場合は、ビード始終端部10を除く全長の表面を撮影する。溶接ビード6の長さが130mm以上である場合は、ビード始終端部10を除いて任意の部位(長さ100mm)の表面を撮影する。算出したスラグ表面積SSLAGの値をビード表面積SBEADの値で除すことでスラグ被覆面積率SRATIOを求めた。SRATIOが15%以下を合格とした。
溶込み深さdの測定は、溶接ビード6のビード始終端部10(各々長さ15mm)を除いた領域において、図4に示すように溶接ビード6の任意の5箇所における溶接線に垂直(図6に記載の直線AAに平行な方向)な板厚方向断面を観察して行った。ただし、任意の5箇所は互いに5mm以上離れた位置とした。ここでは、溶接ビード6の任意の箇所を溶接線に垂直な板厚方向に切断し、各々の溶込み深さ23を求め、それらの平均値を「溶込み深さd(mm)」とした。d/t2(t2は下板の板厚)が0.20以上0.80以下を合格とした。
図7は溶接ビードにおける耐食性試験の様子を示す概略図である。まず、腐食試験後のアーク溶接継手を浸漬用剥離剤に浸漬して電着塗装を剥離した後、ISO8407に準拠して腐食生成物を除去した。次いで、溶接ビード6のビード始終端部10(各々長さ15mm)を含む場合は、ビード始終端部10を除いた領域の表面を撮影し、得られた写真を解析して腐食領域12においてビード止端部から溶接線方向11に垂直な方向への最大腐食幅HMAXを測定した。溶接ビード6の長さが130mm未満であった場合は、ビード始終端部10を除く全長の表面を撮影した。溶接ビード6の長さが130mm以上であった場合は、ビード始終端部10を除いて任意の部位(長さ100mm)の表面を撮影した。耐食性の評価は、最大腐食幅HMAXが6.0mm未満の場合を優れていると判断して「○」とし、6.0mm以上の場合を耐食性が不足していると判断して「×」とした。
まず、機械加工により、溶接継手からJIS Z 2241に記載の引張試験片を得た。なお、引張試験片は溶接部が中央になるように作製した。作製した引張試験片の引張試験として、室温にて、引張速度10mm/minの引張試験を実施し、継手引張強度を取得した。この値を母材の引張強度で除した値(ここでは、単に強度比という)を溶接継手強度の評価パラメータとした。溶接継手強度の評価は、強度比が0.6以上の場合をより優れると判断して「◎」とし、0.5以上0.6未満の場合を優れると判断して「〇」とし、0.5未満の場合を溶接継手強度が不足していると判断して「×」とした。
2 溶接トーチ
3 母材
5B アーク
6 溶接ビード
7 溶滴
8 溶融池
10 ビード始終端部
11 溶接線方向
12 腐食領域
20 上板
21 下板
22 下板の板厚
23 溶込み深さ
24 溶接部断面における上板と下板の境界
25 のど厚
Tup 立ち上がり時間
Tp ピーク電流時間
Tdown 立ち下がり時間
Tb パルスベース電流時間
Tup+Tp+Tdown+Tb パルス1周期
SBEAD ビード表面積
SSLAG スラグ被覆表面積
HMAX 最大腐食幅
Claims (3)
- 2枚の鋼板から成る角を接合する重ね隅肉アーク溶接によって製造されるアーク溶接継手であって、
前記アーク溶接継手は上板、下板、および前記上板と前記下板を接合し、前記上板と前記下板に対して溶け込んでいる溶接部とを有しており、
上板の板厚t1および下板の板厚t2がそれぞれ5.0mm以下で、
前記下板の板厚t2と、前記溶接部の断面における上板と下板の境界から溶接ビードの下面までの距離である溶込み深さdが下記(1)式を満足し、
かつ、溶接ビード表面のビード表面積SBEADと前記ビード表面積SBEADのうちのスラグで覆われた領域の面積であるスラグ表面積SSLAGとを用いて下記(2)式で算出されるスラグ被覆面積率SRATIOが15%以下である、アーク溶接継手。
0.20≦d/t2≦0.80 ・・・(1)
(1)式中では、t2(mm):下板の板厚、d(mm):溶込み深さを示す。
SRATIO=SSLAG /SBEAD ×100 ・・・(2)
(2)式中では、SBEAD(mm2):ビード表面積、SSLAG(mm2):スラグで覆われた領域の面積であるスラグ表面積、SRATIO(%):スラグ被覆面積率を示す。 - 請求項1に記載のアーク溶接継手を製造するアーク溶接継手の製造方法であって、
アーク溶接方法はパルスピーク電流とパルスベース電流を周期的に繰り返すパルス溶接であり、
平均溶接電流IAVEが100A以上320A以下であり、
パルスピーク電流Ipが400A以上600A以下であり、
パルスピーク時間Tpが1.5ms以上3.5ms以下であり、
溶接時のシールドガスとして98体積%以上であるArガスを使用し、
溶接ワイヤと母材が短絡することで溶滴移行が達成される、アーク溶接継手の製造方法。 - 前記パルス溶接において、前記パルスピーク電流Ip、パルスベース電流Ib、前記パルスピーク時間Tp、パルスベース電流からパルスピーク電流までの立ち上がり時間Tup、パルスピーク電流からパルスベース電流までの立ち下がり時間Tdown、アーク電圧V、溶接速度Wが下記(3)式を満足する、請求項2に記載のアーク溶接継手の製造方法。
5.8≦(Ip×(Tp+Tup+Tdown)-(Ip-Ib)×(Tup+Tdown)/2)/(Tp+Tup+Tdown)×V/W/1000≦14.4・・・(3)
Ip(A):パルスピーク電流、Ib(A):パルスベース電流、Tp(ms):パルスピーク時間、Tup(ms):立ち上がり時間、Tdown(ms):立ち下がり時間、V(V):アーク電圧、W(cm/s):溶接速度
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| JP5549615B2 (ja) | 2011-02-04 | 2014-07-16 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 鋼製部材の化成処理方法、電着塗装を施した鋼製塗装部材の製造方法、および鋼製塗装部材 |
| JP2017164798A (ja) * | 2016-03-17 | 2017-09-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | ガスシールドアーク溶接方法及び溶接構造部品 |
| WO2021210335A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | アーク溶接継手およびアーク溶接方法 |
-
2024
- 2024-01-18 KR KR1020257034586A patent/KR20250168363A/ko active Pending
- 2024-01-18 CN CN202480025912.6A patent/CN121001844A/zh active Pending
- 2024-01-18 WO PCT/JP2024/001190 patent/WO2024224712A1/ja active Pending
- 2024-01-18 EP EP24796471.1A patent/EP4681852A1/en active Pending
- 2024-01-18 JP JP2024515388A patent/JP7677536B2/ja active Active
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2025
- 2025-10-16 MX MX2025012410A patent/MX2025012410A/es unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0833997A (ja) | 1994-07-21 | 1996-02-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 溶接部およびその近傍の塗装後耐食性を高めるガスシールドメタルアーク溶接方法 |
| JPH0920994A (ja) | 1995-07-03 | 1997-01-21 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | アーク溶接部及びその近傍の塗装後耐食性改善方法 |
| JP5549615B2 (ja) | 2011-02-04 | 2014-07-16 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 鋼製部材の化成処理方法、電着塗装を施した鋼製塗装部材の製造方法、および鋼製塗装部材 |
| JP2017164798A (ja) * | 2016-03-17 | 2017-09-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | ガスシールドアーク溶接方法及び溶接構造部品 |
| WO2021210335A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | アーク溶接継手およびアーク溶接方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4681852A1 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121001844A (zh) | 2025-11-21 |
| EP4681852A1 (en) | 2026-01-21 |
| MX2025012410A (es) | 2025-12-01 |
| JPWO2024224712A1 (ja) | 2024-10-31 |
| KR20250168363A (ko) | 2025-12-02 |
| JP7677536B2 (ja) | 2025-05-15 |
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