WO2024216313A1 - Asymmetrical hammock with foot recess - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an asymmetrical hammock comprising two securing points (41, 42) and a support structure (1) which sags between the two securing points (41, 42) in the use position and which is optionally loaded by a person lying thereon, said support structure being made of a membrane-type material, wherein - a hanging contour (56) is defined in the use position, said hanging contour extending linearly along the support structure (1) from one securing point (41) to the other securing point (42), - in the use position, a lying contour (57) is defined which runs along the support structure (1) diagonally to the hanging contour (56) and determines the lying direction of the person and along which the support structure (1) has a foot region arranged remotely from the hanging contour (56) for receiving the feet of the person and a torso region for receiving the torso of the person, and - at least one first spreading means (21) is provided which spreads the support structure (1) in the foot region transversely to the hanging contour (56) and transversely to the lying contour (57). The support structure (1) has a foot recess (2) in the foot region, said foot recess being preferably permanently convexed downwards relative to the hanging contour (56).

Description

Asymmetrical hammock with footrest

The invention relates to an asymmetrical hammock according to the preamble of the independent patent claim.

Conventional hammocks comprising a spread or unspread, freely movable, membrane-like lying surface only require two attachment points with suitable height, distance and stability to create a flexible, transport-friendly and space-saving lying option. However, conventional hammocks have at least one of the following characteristics that impair lying comfort: the buttocks are too low compared to the head and legs, so that the body sags, the body is cramped laterally, twisted and/or bent or the position in it is unstable. These four characteristics: difference in relative storage height, degree of cramping, twisting, bending and stability are essential factors in determining the quality of a lying device.

When lying in a hammock, where the vertical lying axis corresponds to the vertical hanging axis, the bed height difference ratios are 20-30%. The bed height difference ratio is the value by which the lowest point of the torso is lower than the head and feet on average, relative to the body size of the person lying on their back. If you adapt the shape of the bed by moving the head and and lowering the foot area centrically and symmetrically to the hanging axis, the bearing height difference ratio is reduced, but the lateral pressure acting on the body is increased.

When lying diagonally in a hammock made from a simple rectangular cloth, where the vertical lying axis plane and the vertical hanging axis plane are at a horizontal angle to each other, the storage height difference ratio can be reduced if necessary. However, long-term comfortable storage on the back requires a smaller storage height difference ratio. If you now adapt the shape of the lying surface by lowering the head and feet by adding material to the outer lying surface area, the cloth will soon threaten to slip away from under the head or feet. If you prevent this slipping by leaving the outermost areas of the cloth short, the head and feet will be pushed towards the vertical hanging axis plane by forces acting on the sides of the lying surface, resulting in twisting or bending of the body.

In an unspread hammock, it is only the body lying in it that spreads the hammock open due to its pressure stability or stiffness. However, the joints of the human body reduce its inherent stiffness, so that the body becomes twisted or bent due to the pressure caused by gravity.

Spreader bars absorb horizontally acting compressive forces and cancel them out by opposing forces in the spreader bar.

Conventional hammocks spread apart by spreader bars are generally less stable, while the elbows and knees that are closer to the vertical hanging axis are lifted uncomfortably high by the tensions that act through the dissipation of the tensile forces in the support structure, so that the body in turn ends up twisted or bent and unstable. Conventional hammocks are usually hung between two fixed points, creating a hanging contour that, when not under load, mostly follows a catenary line. Due to this predetermined shape and because the person lies in the hammock with their body axis aligned with the two fixed points, the body of a person using the hammock has to bend unnaturally. For example, the feet end up well above the buttocks, the knees are overstretched and the head is pushed towards the chest, which has a negative effect on the neck. In general, the contour of a conventional hammock is not optimally shaped for long-term use.

To improve the comfort of lying down, asymmetrical hammocks are known, in which the body axis is aligned at an angle to the fixed points. Although such asymmetrical hammocks represent an improvement in terms of lying down comfort compared to conventional hammocks, they cannot completely solve the problems described. Although the bending of the body is somewhat reduced and thus an improvement is achieved, since the body axis is at an angle to the hanging axis, a body lying in it will be twisted. Thus, the lying surface in known asymmetrical hammocks may be flatter, but the twisting creates new problems.

The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a hammock with improved lying comfort.

These and other objects are achieved by a hammock according to claim 1.

The invention is based on the object of creating a flexible, transport-friendly and space-saving support structure for a human body lying diagonally in it, the freely movable, membrane-like, asymmetrically designed support structure of which is pressed apart by at least one asymmetrical spreading structure in such a way that a tensile and compressive force lever system is created in which the body comes to lie in a body-friendly and back-friendly lying position without being cramped, twisted or bent. It is preferably provided that the support structure has a foot recess in the foot area which, in the position of use relative to the hanging contour, preferably permanently, is bulged downwards.

The term "rectilinear" is to be considered in the context of this invention, particularly with regard to the hanging contour and/or the lying contour. The hanging contour is the line that results when a vertical plane through the two attachment points intersects the surface of the support structure. Analogously, the lying contour is the line that results when a vertical plane along the body axis intersects the surface of the support structure. A normal projection of the hanging contour or the lying contour onto the horizontal plane is therefore a straight line. The hanging contour and the lying contour are therefore referred to as rectilinear.

In the context of this invention, fastening points are to be considered in particular as the contact points between the hammock and the mounting points to which it is fastened as well as further contact points, in particular in the area of the suspensions to which additional elements of the hammock can be fastened.

The foot recess should preferably be permanently formed in the hammock's support structure. In this case, the foot recess can be present as a bulged area of the support structure in the position of use, even if the support structure is not under load. Alternatively, the foot area of the support structure can have a material that is only tensile after reaching its elastic limit. In this case, the foot recess, i.e. the bulge in the foot area in the position of use, would only be formed by the load on the support structure in the foot area. In the unloaded position of use, the support structure can accordingly have no bulge or a reduced bulge.

Preferably, the lying contour in the area of the foot recess runs at least partially horizontally or sloping towards the foot-side end of the foot recess. However, the foot recess can also improve comfort if a completely horizontal lying contour section is not created.

If appropriate, it is provided that the support structure in the upper body area has at least one upper body recess which, in the position of use relative to the hanging contour, preferably permanently, is bulged downwards, for receiving at least a part of the upper body.

The upper body recess or bulge in the arm area is preferably located on both sides of the hanging contour. In this respect, the upper body recess is not necessarily bulged downwards in relation to the hanging contour, but rather in relation to the hanging contour of a conventional hammock or in relation to the imaginary chain line between the attachment points.

Furthermore, in all versions with an upper body recess, the arm recess is the bulge in the upper body area with the greatest influence on lying comfort, since the pressure in this area is the first noticeable problem in the upper body area when lying diagonally on the back in a hammock.

If necessary, a second spreading means is provided which spreads the support structure in the upper body area transversely to the hanging contour and transversely to the lying contour.

In order to achieve a body-friendly function of a recess, for example a foot recess and/or an upper body recess, it may be necessary for the respective area of the wearing pattern to be spread apart using a spreading element. In this respect, the function of the recess can depend on the presence of a spreading element. Without a spreading element, a fold or a pocket may form that closes as soon as it is under tension lengthwise. As a result, an unspread recess may exert lateral pressure on the body, which is often perceived as unpleasant. If necessary, it is provided that an upper body recess is designed as an arm recess to accommodate one of the person's arms, wherein the arm recess is spaced from the lying contour and bulged out on both sides with respect to the hanging contour.

If necessary, it is provided that an upper body recess is designed as a head recess for receiving the person's head, wherein the head recess is spaced from the hanging contour and is bulged out on the other side with respect to the hanging contour like the foot recess.

If necessary, the lying contour is provided with at least one turning point. The turning point of the lying contour is arranged in particular in a central area between the foot area and the upper body area.

The lying contour of the support structure may have a turning point in the leg area in the position of use. Furthermore, the lying contour between the torso and feet may have a maximum curvature in the thigh area.

The contour of the bed may be flat or slope towards the ends and therefore has no turning point.

If necessary, it is provided that in the taut position a transverse bar separates the foot recess and the upper body recess from each other, insofar as both recesses slope downwards from the transverse bar.

The taut position refers to the position in which the support structure is taut between the fastening points and the expansion elements are aligned horizontally.

If necessary, the transverse bar is designed to run at an angle to the lying and hanging contours, with the horizontal angle to the lying contour being greater than that to the hanging contour. If necessary, two spreading points are provided as points of attack for a spreading device in the form of reinforced points on the support structure.

Particular advantages can also be achieved by allowing the expansion devices to be mounted on both sides.

If necessary, it is provided that a tensile spreading cable, in particular in the form of a band or cord, is connected to the supporting structure, running from a spreading point to a fastening point or a suspension.

The spreader bars in the foot area can be designed in such a way that the spreader bar that crosses the lying axis is longer than the opposite spreader bar that absorbs the tensile forces caused by the weight of the upper body. Accordingly, the distance between the suspension point in the foot area and the two spreader points can be different.

If necessary, the support structure is provided with an underside in the position of use. If necessary, a flexible base is provided.

Where appropriate, the flexible base is provided for following the underside of the support structure.

If appropriate, it is provided that the support structure has an upper side in the position of use. If appropriate, a support is provided. If appropriate, it is provided that the support is attached to the upper side of the support structure and, in particular together with the support structure, forms a bag or a sleeping bag for at least partially accommodating the person's body.

If necessary, a mosquito net is provided which is arranged above the support structure in the position of use, which preferably terminates with the support structure along a closed contour and preferably has a closable entry opening. If necessary, a roof, preferably a waterproof one, is provided, which is arranged above the support structure in the position of use.

If necessary, a tensile, cord- or band-shaped edge element running along the edge of the support structure is provided.

If necessary, the support structure is composed of several surfaces made of woven, tensile-resistant textile. The textile can each have fabric threads running in a cross shape along two directions. The surfaces of the support structure can be aligned in such a way that one of the directions of the threads runs along the direction of the tensile forces that are present in the support structure in this surface due to the person lying in the hammock.

Where appropriate, the supporting structure may comprise an isotropic, tensile material, in particular a tarpaulin or a film.

If appropriate, it is provided that the bulges of the support structure, in particular the foot recess and/or the upper body recess, are formed by plastic deformation, for example by deep drawing or thermal deformation of an otherwise planar, isotropic, tensile material.

Examples and exemplary features of a possible design of a hammock are described below:

One example relates to an asymmetrical support structure for a human body, suspended from two fastening points, the freely movable membrane-like support structure of which preferably has a special shape and tensile properties and which is optionally spread out by a specially shaped spreading structure at the foot end or by a specially shaped spreading structure at the head and foot end in such a way that a tensile and compressive force lever system with a main load side and a cantilever load side is created, in which a body in a lying position to be achieved, in particular the diagonal Supine position characterized by a bearing height difference ratio of less than 10%, without being cramped, twisted or bent.

The main load side of the support structure is characterized by the fact that it can be used to transfer the tensile forces that arise in particular from the load of the upper body to the two suspensions and that run via at least one spreading point on the main load side of the support structure and at least one spreading cable on the main load side. The cantilever load side of the support structure, on the other hand, is characterized by the fact that it can be used to transfer the tensile forces that arise in particular from the load of the lower body to the two suspensions and that run via at least one spreading point on the cantilever load side of the support structure and at least one spreading cable on the cantilever load side.

A spreading point is preferably the force transmission point that is directly connected in a tensile manner to the end of the spreading means, to which the relevant end of a spreading cable and the relevant lateral end point of the support structure are also attached.

The distance between the suspension and a spreading point is determined in particular by the length and shape of the spreading cable attached between them. The direction in which the spreading means acts on the two spreading points can therefore be determined by the length and shape of the two spreading cables connected to each other at the spreading root. The length and shape of each spreading means can be designed and related to the length and shape of each spreading cable and the size, shape and partial tensile force properties of the support structure in such a way that the tensile forces in the support structure areas of the legs, the boom-side arm area or the head or any combination of these areas are spread out. The spread-out tensile force paths can enable the lowering of the support structure areas lying between these tensile force paths.

Where tensile forces of different directions meet and merge, the directions in which the tensile forces are exerted by the If the location of such a tensile force fusion is at a point on the support structure on which the body is resting, the load-bearing forces in this area increase due to the convergence of the various tensile forces and their directions. The locations at which the tensile forces are spread or fused and the directions in which the tensile forces run are selected together with the three-dimensional shape of the support structure in such a way that the body lying in it, preferably in the desired lying position, in particular in the supine position with a lying height difference ratio of less than 10%, is supported stably without being cramped, twisted or bent.

In the following, the design and functionality of the asymmetrical support structure, whose support structure is spread apart by a spreader construction at the foot end, also called a caudal spreader construction, is described using the example of a person lying in the vertical lying axis plane and in a stretched-out supine position:

At the foot end of the support structure, the asymmetrical, freely movable support structure is attached to the main load side and the boom load side spreading point, if necessary, and preferably also to the main load side and the boom load side spreading tension. The spreading means, which is connected to the two spreading points directly or by means of a force-transmitting device in a detachable or non-detachable tension-resistant manner, preferably spreads the spreading points on the main load side and on the boom load side so far apart that the vertical lying axis plane and the vertical spreading axis plane intersect between these two spreading points. The vertical spreading axis plane at the foot end is the vertical plane that connects the two spreading points to one another.

The cantilever load-side spreading point at the foot end is preferably spread so far over the vertical lying axis plane by the spreading means that the support structure has sufficient space to transfer those tensile forces, which preferably arise from half the load of the legs and are diverted via the attachment at the foot end of the support structure, directly to the cantilever load-side spreading point, so that the legs of the body lying in the lying position to be achieved, neither towards the boom load side nor towards the main load side of the vertical lying axis plane.

For this purpose, the support structure is preferably provided with an asymmetrical bulge in the leg area, the shape of which follows the shape of the resting areas of the legs, the position of which results from the lying position to be achieved. In order to divert the tensile forces that occur in the directions to be achieved without the support structure forming undesirable folds, the support structure preferably has tensile material axes in those directions that run concentrically from the partial parts of the support structure area on which the leg of a body lying on its back rests on the cantilever load side to the spreading point on the cantilever load side.

These tensile forces, which run in the leg area on the cantilever load side towards the cantilever load side spreading point, merge in the opposite direction in the support structure area on which the cantilever load side thigh rests with the tensile forces that are primarily caused by the load of the cantilever load side buttocks and are diverted via the attachment point at the head end, pulling them a little way away from the area on which the cantilever load side forearm and elbow rest. These relatively large tensile forces can thus be directed slightly in the direction of the cantilever load side spreading point at the foot end. This fusion of the tensile force bundles can therefore change the directions in which the tensile forces run through the support structure so that the support structure area on which the cantilever load side elbow rests can be less affected by the tensile forces that are caused by the load of the cantilever load side thigh and the cantilever load side buttocks and are diverted via the attachment point at the head end. As a result, the boom load side arm area of the support structure can be slightly less tensioned under load and can therefore sink slightly when loaded.

If necessary, the support structure has tensile material axes in the lower leg area on the main load side, which run from the individual parts of the structure area on which the lower leg rests in the direction of the spreading tension on the main load side. In the area of the support structure on which the legs rest, the tensile forces may be approximately mirror-symmetrical to the lying axis when viewed from above. This enables a uniformly load-bearing support surface in the leg area of the support structure.

If necessary, the tensile forces on the main load side of the spreader structure, which are primarily caused by the load of the upper body and are diverted via the attachment point at the foot end, are diverted to the main load side spreader point and preferably also to the main load side spreader pull. These relatively large tensile forces preferably make it possible, with appropriately selected length and shape ratios of the individual elements of the support structure, to spread the cantilever load side spreader point into the desired, reaching position using the spreading means clamped between the two spreader points.

The expansion element can be designed in such a way that it rests on the supporting structure or pulls the supporting structure towards itself by means of one or more tensile connections. If the expansion element is designed three-dimensionally, additional bending forces can occur in it, which may need to be taken into account when dimensioning the necessary strength properties.

The spreading means located at the foot end of the support structure should not cross or uncomfortably restrict the feet of the body lying in it, preferably in the desired lying position. To ensure this, the length of the spreading means, including the length of the cantilever load-side spreading cable, must be appropriately large and, if necessary, the shape of the foot recess of the support structure must be designed to be appropriately deep. If this shape of this support structure area is not possible or only possible to a limited extent due to the preferred lying position in the foot area or is not desired for other reasons, the required freedom of movement in the foot area can also be made possible by an appropriate three-dimensional shape of the spreading means.

The longer the boom-side spreader bar and the spreader element are in relation to the size of the rest of the support structure, the deeper the foot recess can be are carried out and the larger the resulting lying axis angle a can be. The lying axis angle a refers to the horizontal angle between the vertical hanging axis plane and the vertical lying axis plane.

The following describes the design and functionality of the asymmetrical support structure, in which the tensile forces are partially directed via an asymmetrical spreader structure at the head end, also called a lateral spreader structure, using the example of a person lying in it in the vertical lying axis plane and stretched out on their back, with their arms relaxed at the sides next to their torso:

The spreading point of the spreading structure on the main load side at the head end preferably combines those tensile forces that arise in particular from the load of the central parts of the torso in the support structure and are diverted via the attachment point at the head end. These tensile forces run in particular through those areas of the support structure on which the upper back on the boom load side and the neck on the boom load side preferably rest and can be bundled in the spreading point on the main load side and directed to the suspension at the head end via the spreading cable on the main load side.

A spreading means can be attached to this main load side spreading point directly or by means of a force-transmitting device, which spreading means optionally spreads the opposite boom load side spreading point attached to the boom load side of the spreading means so far beyond the vertical lying axis plane that the tensile forces which arise in particular from the load of the boom load side buttocks and the boom load side thigh and which are directed by the support structure to the boom load side spreading point and preferably also via the boom load side spreading pull to the suspension at the head end, do not affect those areas of the support structure on which the boom load side elbow and the boom load side shoulder preferably lie.

The support structure area on which the boom load-side arm rests is located between the two tensile force bundles, which are separated by the spreading device. are spread apart. The support structure can thus be provided with a bulge in the boom-side arm area, which is designed so that the elbow can be placed comfortably next to the torso.

The so-called head area of the support structure of the asymmetrical support structure, in which the tensile forces can be partially directed via an asymmetrical spreader structure at the head end, includes the areas on which the head, parts of the shoulder on the main load side and the arm on the main load side rest. This head area of the support structure can preferably transfer the tensile forces that arise from the head, shoulder and arm and are diverted via the attachment point at the head end of the support structure directly to the suspension area of the support structure or divert these tensile forces directly to the attachment point at the head end using its own suspension.

The following describes the design and functionality of a version of the asymmetrical support structure, in which all the tensile forces that arise from a body lying in it and are diverted via the attachment point at the head end can be directed via a spreader structure at the head end, also known as a cranial spreader structure. The design and functionality is described using the example of a person lying stretched out on their back in the lying axis, with their arms placed at the sides next to their torso:

The spreading device preferably spreads the spreading point on the main load side so far away from the vertical hanging axis plane that the vertical lying axis plane and the vertical spreading axis plane intersect between the two spreading points at the head end of the support structure. The vertical spreading axis plane at the head end is the vertical plane which includes the two spreading points at the head end in its course.

The main load-side spreading point at the head end is preferably spread, pushed or pulled so far beyond the vertical lying axis plane that the support structure has enough room to absorb the tensile forces, which are preferably caused by the load. of the main load-bearing arm, the main load-bearing shoulder, the main load-bearing neck and parts of the main load-bearing upper back and are diverted via the attachment point at the head end, in particular to the main load-bearing spreading point, without the support structure area on which the head rests being crossed or uncomfortably affected by these tensile forces.

Where appropriate, the tensile forces which arise in particular from the load of the central and cantilever load-side parts of the upper back and are diverted via the attachment point at the head end, run over that area of the support structure on which the cantilever load-side neck preferably rests, in the direction of at least one of the spreader bars of the spreader structure located at the head end.

The head therefore preferably comes to rest between the tensile force bundles created by the load of the torso and spread over the two sides of the neck to the main load-side spreading point and the main load-side spreading pull, so that the support structure area on which the head preferably rests can be provided with shape and tensile force properties, in particular a depression, which does justice to the lying position of the head to be achieved.

In this design, the elbow and the upper arm are preferably positioned between the tensile force bundle running over the boom load side of the neck and the tensile force bundle running over the boom load side of the spreading side, so that the support structure can be provided with a recess in the support area of the boom load side arm, which makes it possible to create a separate comfortable lying area for the arm with specific shape and tensile force properties.

In this design, the spreading means can be three-dimensionally shaped and can rest on the support structure or pull it towards itself. The tensile axes of the entire support structure preferably correspond to the directions in which the tensile forces must be diverted in order to support the body comfortably. The tensile force curves that can be achieved for this are shown in the drawings, for example.

Depending on the design, the preferred lying axis angle, which results from the lying position, the length of the support structure and the type, number and spreading widths of the spreading structures involved, is 10° - 35°.

To make the assembly of the support structure easier, its tension and compression lever system is preferably designed in such a way that it enables the body lying in it to achieve the desired lying position using two fastening points at the same height. By effectively transferring the tensile forces caused by the body's weight to the two fastening points, the span of the support structure can be smaller than with conventional hammocks when the fastening points are at the same height. This means that a ratio of the span of the support structure to the total size of the supported body of less than 150% can be achieved. This can be particularly advantageous when used indoors and when using a hammock stand with a limited span.

The overall size of the asymmetrical support structure is preferably adapted to the size of the body to be placed in it. The corresponding size of the support structure can be achieved with the same design by proportionally increasing or reducing the size and shape of each individual structural component.

If the support structure is made of anisotropic tensile material, the tensile forces acting from different directions and with different strengths can be directed into the tensile force directions to be achieved by the corresponding partial alignment of the tensile material axes of the support structure and its shape. If the support structure of the asymmetrical support construction is made of a material with anisotropic tensile properties, the shape and the inherent course of the tensile axes, i.e. the totality of the partial alignments of the tensile axes in the support structure material, can be made by individual pieces of fabric, each of which can be cut at an appropriate angle to the tensile axes of the starting material and in an appropriate shape and can be connected to one another in a tensile manner by sewing, welding, gluing or another suitable technique. The shapes and the respective alignments of the tensile material axes of the individual cut pieces are preferably selected so that a compromise is reached between a shape suitable for a lying position and the necessary alignment of the tensile axes of the support structure material in accordance with the tensile force courses to be achieved and the support structure preferably has a wrinkle-free shape in the area where the body rests when under load.

The individual fabric threads of the support structure, which are connected to one another by seams, have different thread lengths along their course. Changing the seam line may result in a change in the thread length.

A shortening of the threads relative to parallel threads causes a tensile force concentration in the shortened threads, while a lengthening of the threads relative to parallel threads causes a tensile force relief in the extended threads.

These relative shortenings or lengthenings can be produced by the totality of the shapes of the individual support structure elements, i.e. the cut of the support structure.

In this embodiment, the cut and seams preferably form the basis for the shape of the carrier structure.

The stretch coefficients of the material used may influence the cut to be selected in such a way that the shape of the supporting structure only assumes the desired form when subjected to stress. In contrast to conventional hammocks, the tension-transmitting threads of the fabric preferably run diagonally to the hanging contour.

The grain of a fabric usually corresponds to the course of its warp threads. In this description, in addition to the course of the warp threads, the weft threads running across them are also considered to be the grain.

If necessary, spreading devices are one of the prerequisites for distributing tensile forces in the support structure in a body-friendly manner.

If necessary, folds, gathers or other types of bundling of the support structure at the spreading points can optimize the lying comfort.

Folds or gathers concentrate any tensile forces at their attachment point, so that if necessary a material reinforcement in the form of a spreading point base, preferably made of fabric or another material, can be added to the connection between the fold and the spreading pull.

Preferably, the thread path in the folding areas of the support structure is aligned along the folds.

If the support structure of the asymmetrical support construction is made partially or entirely from a material with isotropic tensile properties, the support structure generates the tensile force curves to be produced in these support structure areas preferably solely through the three-dimensional shape of these support structure areas. The support structure or the isotropic tensile parts of the support structure can be produced in the required shape by thermal deformation, deep drawing, pressing, felting or another suitable technique.

The deep-drawing mold can be developed by means of an impression of a support structure made of woven fabric parts in the loading position or by solidifying the woven support structure in the loading position. The impression can be made of glass fiber reinforced resin or similar.

Folds can preferably be smoothed out during the development process of the deep-drawing mold.

Preferably, when dimensioning the material thickness, any tensile force concentration that may occur should be taken into account.

Just as with the development of the pattern from several pieces of fabric, when developing the deep-drawing mold the shape of the support structure should preferably be adapted to the stretch behavior of the support structure material used.

The final shape of the support structure can be determined through an iterative process of test lying, tilt analysis, pressure point identification and cutting or deep-drawing shape adjustment.

A spreader cable is, if necessary, a tensile connecting element between the suspension, spreader strap and supporting structure, which can absorb tensile forces along its entire length.

If a spreader cable is made of a freely movable, tensile material, preferably a band, a rope, a rope-band combination or another suitable freely movable material, this spreader cable can take on a shape under load that results from the interaction of the forces that the support structure and the respective spreading means exert on this spreader cable directly or by means of a force-transmitting device. This must be taken into account and taken into account when designing the length and shape of the spreader cables and the support structure attached to them.

The straight or three-dimensionally shaped spreading means can be made of pressure- and bend-resistant material, in particular wood, metal or plastic, and can be composed of several parts, pluggable into one another and/or foldable and/or adjustable in length. Spreading devices can be detachably or permanently connected to the spreading points and possibly also to the supporting structure by means of positive locking, such as by means of spreading tabs, guides, plug connections, Velcro fasteners or via straps, ropes or another suitable technique.

A spreader strap may be a triangular piece of fabric that is connected to the sling, spreader base and spreader strap in such a way that it forms a pocket-shaped receiving point for a spreader.

If the support structure is designed in such a way that the spreading means can be attached to the top and bottom of the support structure in the same positions, the reclining body can be stored on either one side or the other of the support structure. This allows the free choice of the orientation in which of the two possible vertical reclining axis planes, which are mirror-symmetrical to the hanging axis, the body is stored and thus also the preferred side from which one gets in and out of the support structure.

In all designs of the support structure, the compressive forces acting in a spreading structure can be distributed over several cascaded or crossed, interconnected or unconnected spreading elements.

The spreading means, the two spreading cables and the suspension of one of the various spreading structures of the asymmetrical support structure can also be combined to form a single spreading structure. In such a case, the corresponding end of the support structure can be connected to the entire spreading structure directly or via at least one tensile device.

The asymmetrical support structure can, where appropriate, be equipped with additional expansion elements or lateral tension connections, as long as the respective tension and compression force lever system of the support structure remains effective. If necessary, the two suspensions of the support structure are used for mounting on suitable fastening points - such as hooks on a hammock stand, wall hooks, trees, poles, ropes, carabiners or similar - which are fixed in a load-bearing manner in terms of their distance from the ground and from each other and are preferably at the same height and are also designed in such a way that the hammock can hang freely in the position of use and/or the load position.

If necessary, a suspension can be made from an extension of a spreader cable, which is folded over and locked several times at a distance from each other and is adjustable.

At least one orientation aid can, if necessary, make it easier to distinguish an entry area, seating area, lying area, foot area, head area, a lying contour, sides of the support structure or other parts of the support structure such as spreading tabs or suspensions by means of colour or material marking.

Where appropriate, this technique of a self-stabilizing tension and compression force lever system, which is suspended from two attachment points and which, through the use of a specifically shaped support structure, diverts the load-bearing tension force directions along specific directions by having tensile material axes along certain directions, can be used for any living or non-living, human or human-like body of any size and shape.

Between the two fastening points of the asymmetrical support structure, a tensile connection in the form of a rope, a band or another suitable means can be attached, which preferably serves to adjust the span length of the support structure as a type of gable bracing and also to attach other elements of the support structure to it, such as a base, a support, a mosquito net, a roof, an edge element or other means. A tensile connection in the form of a rope, a band or another suitable means can be detachably or permanently attached to the edge of the support structure, which can be connected to at least one spreading point, the end of a spreading means, one of the two suspensions and/or one of the fastening points by means of positive locking, stapling, sewing, welding, gluing, riveting or another suitable detachable or permanent fastening technique. This edge element can be used to attach elements of the support structure, such as the support structure, a base, a pad, a mosquito net, a roof, a rope or other means to it. The edge element can be located on one of the two sides or on both sides of the support structure.

An optional base is attached to the underside of the support structure, which can protect the body from cooling down from below or offers the possibility of attaching or clamping additional functional elements between the support structure and the base. The base can extend over the entire underside of the support structure or just parts of it. The base can be connected to the support structure, the spreading points, the spreading straps, the support, the mosquito net, the roof and/or the edge element of the support structure in a detachable or permanent manner using sewing, welding, gluing, tacking, snap fasteners, form-fitting or another suitable technique.

The shape of the base preferably follows the shape of the support structure, so that when the body is loaded, which is preferably in the desired lying position, the base clings to the support structure, so that the desired properties come into effect. If the tension of the base is too great, its thermal insulation properties can be reduced by the compression of the insulation material and inserted elements can lead to an uneven support surface. If the tension of the base is too low, the thermal insulation properties can be reduced by the occurrence of air bridges, or the contact between the inserted elements and the lying surface can be lost.

The base can be made of a freely movable single-layer or multi-layer textile or membrane-like material. The base can be unfilled or filled with additional materials and/or designed as a fillable and closable or open cavity. The base can be designed by filling or by removable or non-removable inserts in such a way that additional pressure equalization is achieved for the comfortable positioning of the body lying in the support structure.

An optional pad is attached above the support structure, with which the body lying on the support structure can be partially or completely covered for the purpose of heat protection or another purpose, whereby care must be taken to ensure that the breathing of a living body lying inside is still guaranteed. The pad can be detachably or permanently connected to the support structure, the spreading structures, the base, the mosquito net, the roof and/or the edge element of the support structure by sewing, welding, gluing, stapling, using a zip fastener, snap fasteners, form fit or another suitable technique. This can prevent the pad from accidentally slipping under the body or falling out of the support structure.

The pad can be made of a freely movable single-layer or multi-layer textile or membrane-like material. The pad can be unfilled or filled with additional materials and/or designed as a fillable and closable or open cavity. The pad can be designed by filling it or by detachable or non-detachable inserts in such a way that thermal insulation is achieved for the body lying in it.

The pad can be designed in several parts for the purpose of getting in and out and can be closed securely using a zip fastener, snap fasteners, stapling, form-fitting or another suitable technique. The shape of the pad is preferably designed in such a way that it allows the body the required freedom of movement when closed.

A mosquito net is optionally attached above the support structure, which, in conjunction with the support structure or the base, forms a space in which the body located in the support structure is preferably protected from penetrating Insects are protected. To ensure this, the mosquito net is preferably connected to the support structure, the spreader structures, the base, the roof and/or the edge element of the support structure in a detachable or partially permanent manner by sewing, welding, gluing, stapling, using snap fasteners, zip fasteners, form-fitting or another suitable technique. Furthermore, the mosquito net can be suspended from a rope that is stretched between the two attachment points or above the support structure along the vertical hanging axis plane or directly from the attachment points, so that it gives the body the desired freedom of movement, which can be increased by additional spreading means or additional tension connections.

For the purpose of getting in and out, the mosquito net can be designed to be divisible and can be opened and closed using a zip fastener, snap fasteners, stapling, form-fitting or another suitable technique.

A roof is optionally attached above the support structure, which protects the support structure and the body lying in it from rain, wind, prying eyes, direct sunlight, falling tree parts and the like. The roof is preferably either stretched directly between the attachment points or suspended from a rope that is stretched between the attachment points or above the support structure along the vertical hanging axis plane and is preferably detachably or partially permanently connected to the support structure, the spreading means, the base and/or the edge element of the support structure by sewing, welding, gluing, stapling, using snap fasteners, zip fasteners, form-fitting or another suitable technique in such a way that it gives the body the desired freedom of movement, which can be increased by additional spreading means or additional tension connections.

For the purpose of getting in and out, the roof can be designed to be divisible and can be opened and closed by means of a zip fastener, form-fitting fastener or another suitable detachable connection technology. In the following, various embodiments of a support structure are explained with the help of the drawings Fig.1 to Fig.33, possibly with an example of a human body lying on its back. The figures show:

Fig.1 Support structure equipped with a caudal spreader structure, in side view to the suspension axis plane 43 seen from the main load side 51,

Fig.2 Tension and compression force lever system of the support structure, equipped with a caudal spreading construction, in top view,

Fig.3 Support structure, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreader structure, in side view to the suspension axis plane 43 seen from the main load side 51,

Fig.4 Support structure, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreading structure, in top view,

Fig.5 Tension and compression force lever system of the support structure, equipped with a caudal and a lateral expansion structure, in side view to the suspension axis plane 43 seen from the main load side 51,

Fig.6 Tension and compression force lever system of the support structure, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreading construction, in top view,

Fig.7 Tension and compression force lever system of the support structure, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreading construction, seen from the foot end, in frontal view to the suspension axis plane 43,

Fig.8 Tension and compression force lever system of the support structure, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreading construction, seen from the foot end, in frontal view to the lying axis plane 44,

Fig.9 Tension and compression force lever system of the support structure, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreading construction, seen from the head end, in frontal view to the suspension axis plane 43,

Fig.10 Tension and compression force lever system of the support structure, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreading construction, seen from the head end, in frontal view to the lying axis plane 44,

Fig.11 Support structure with base and support, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreader structure, in side view to the suspension axis plane 43 seen from the boom load side 52, Fig.12 Support structure with base and support, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreading construction, in top view,

Fig.13 Support structure with mosquito net and roof and base, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreader structure, in side view to the suspension axis plane 43 seen from the boom load side 52,

Fig.14 Support structure with mosquito net, roof and base, equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreader structure, in top view,

Fig.15 Support structure, equipped with a caudal and a cranial spreader structure, in side view to the hanging axis plane 43 seen from the main load side 51,

Fig.16 Tension and compression force lever system of the support structure, equipped with a caudal and a cranial spreading construction, in top view,

Fig.17 Support structure, equipped with a caudal and a cranial spreader structure, seen from the head end, in frontal view to the suspension axis plane 43,

Fig.18 Top view of an embodiment with caudal and cranial spreading construction in use position,

Fig.19 Cutting pattern Craniale 63 of the embodiment shown in Fig.18 and Fig.26,

Fig.20 Cutting pattern Laterale 64 of the embodiment shown in Fig.18 and Fig.26,

Fig.21 Cutting pattern transversal 65 of the embodiment shown in Fig.18 and Fig.26,

Fig.22 Dorsal 66 cutting pattern of the embodiment shown in Fig.18 and Fig.26,

Fig.23 Cutting pattern Mediale 67 of the embodiment shown in Fig.18 and Fig.26,

Fig.24 Caudale 68 pattern of the embodiment shown in Fig.18 and Fig.26,

Fig.25 Cutting pattern terminal 69 of the embodiment shown in Fig.18 and Fig.26,

Fig.26 Oblique view of an embodiment with caudal and cranial spreading construction in use position, Fig.27 Detail of an embodiment with cranial spreader construction, in which additional spreader points, spreader pulls and spreader means may provide advantages in the positioning of the upper body,

Fig.28 Top view of an embodiment with caudal and lateral spreading construction in use position,

Fig.29 Side view of an embodiment with caudal and cranial spreading construction in a taut position, with the foot recess 2 and the first upper body recess 3 sagging downwards relative to the transverse bar, with the taut position designating the position in which the support structure is mounted tautly between the two fastening points 41 and 42 and the spreading means are aligned horizontally,

Fig.30 Longitudinal section along the lying contour 57 of an embodiment with caudal and cranial spreading construction without turning point 58 in use position,

Fig.31 Design detail of the suspension area in which the suspension 27 consists of the folded end part of the main load-side spreader cable 25 and is fixed at intervals by loop latches 83 and there is a tensioning cable loop 82 on the spreader cable root 62 for receiving a tensioning cable 50,

Fig.32 Design detail of the foot recess 2 and the spreading point AS-FE 24 in the use position in plan view, in which there is an opening 104 in the foot recess,

Fig.33 Hanging contour 56 of a caudal and cranial spread embodiment of the support structure in relation to the catenary line 105 between the attachment points 41, 42.

In the schematic representations Fig.2, Fig.5-10 and Fig.16, the tensile and compressive force lever system is shown by black lines with black and white arrowheads, whereby the tensile forces running through the support structure and the spreader cables are shown by lines with black arrowheads and the compressive forces exerted by the spreader means are shown by lines with white arrowheads. In Fig.8 and Fig.9, the spreader means at the foot end is shown by broken lines, since in this design and view it is located behind the support structure. In Fig.2 and Fig.4, the directions of the main load side hanging axis side 51 and the boom load side hanging axis side 52 as well as the main load side lying axis sides 53 and the boom load side lying axis sides 54 are shown by arrows.

In Fig.1 and Fig.2, an embodiment of an asymmetrical support structure is shown by way of example with a caudal spreader structure, which consists of an asymmetrically shaped, freely movable isotropic or anisotropic support structure 1 and is connected at its foot end to a spreader structure and which consists on its main load side of the main load side spreader point 23 and the main load side spreader cable 25 connected thereto and on its boom load side of the boom load side spreader point 24 and the boom load side spreader cable 26 connected thereto as well as a spreader means 21 which pushes the two spreader points 23 and 24 away from each other and the suspension 27 which connects the two spreader cables 23 and 24 to each other.

In an embodiment according to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, there is a foot recess 2 in the leg area of the support structure, which is designed such that the spreading means 21 does not cross the foot area of the body in a restrictive manner and that the support structure 1 forms a horizontal support area for legs and feet.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show an embodiment of an asymmetrical support structure equipped with a caudal and a lateral spreader structure. The asymmetrically shaped, freely movable, isotropically or anisotropically manufactured support structure 1 is here, in addition to the spreader structure elements shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 at the foot end, partially attached to a spreader structure at the head end, which consists of the spreader point 16 on the main load side and the spreader cable 18 connected to it on the main load side, and on the boom load side of the spreader point 17 on the boom load side and the spreader cable 19 connected to it on the boom load side and the spreader means 14, which pushes the two spreader points 16 and 17 away from each other and the suspension 20, which connects the two spreader cables 18 and 19 to each other. The shape of the support structure in the head region 29 is, as shown in Fig.9 and Fig.10, designed in such a way that, under load, its shape takes on the shape of the resting body regions head 29, shoulder 31 and arm 32, so that the upper body lies approximately horizontally and the head is not pushed to the side.

In the leg area, the support structure has a body-contoured foot recess 2 and in the boom load-side arm area, it has an upper body recess 3 and their tensile axes run in certain directions through the support structure, corresponding to the tensile force curves shown in Fig.5 to Fig.10.

In Fig.6, the course of the tensile forces of such an asymmetric support structure is shown symbolically in plan view.

The entire asymmetrical support structure, which is preferably completely spread at the foot and partially spread at the head end, is designed, if necessary, by its inherent, specifically aligned, tensile material axes and by its shape, in such a way that it transmits the tensile forces generated by the body lying on its back to the two spreading structures in accordance with the courses shown in Fig. 5-10. The courses of the tensile forces shown preferably relate to the sum vectors of the tensile forces acting from different directions at one point on the support structure.

On the underside of the support structure, as shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, there can be a textile, freely movable base 8, which protects the body from cooling down from below or offers the possibility of attaching additional functional elements between the support structure 1 and the base 8. The base 8 can extend over the entire underside of the support structure or only over parts or the entire lying area and is connected to the support structure 1, the spreading points 16, 17, 23, 24, the spreading straps 18, 19, 25, 26, the suspensions 20, 27, the support 9, the mosquito net 10 or the roof 12 of the support structure. The shape of the base 8 preferably follows the shape of the support structure 1, so that it can be bent when subjected to loads from the body, which preferably in the lying position to be achieved, so that it fits snugly against the support structure 1 that the properties to be achieved come into effect.

Above the support structure, according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, there can be a support 9 with which the body lying on the support structure 1 can be partially or completely covered for the purpose of heat protection or another purpose. To ensure that the support does not accidentally slip under the body or fall out of the support structure, it is preferably detachably or permanently connected in a tensile manner to the support structure 1, the spreading points 16, 17, 23, 24, the spreading cables 18, 19, 25, 26, the spreading means 14, 21, the suspensions 20, 27, the base 8, the mosquito net 10 or the roof 12 of the support structure. The support 8 can be designed in several parts for the purpose of getting in and out and can be detachably closed. The shape of the support is designed in such a way that it allows the body the required range of motion when closed.

According to an embodiment shown in Fig.13 and Fig.14, the mosquito net 10 forms, optionally alone or together with the support structure 1 or the base 8, a space in which the body located in the support structure is protected from intruding insects. To ensure this, the mosquito net is preferably detachably or partially non-detachably connected continuously to the support structure 1, the spreading points 16, 17, 23, 24, the spreading cables 18, 19, 25, 26, the spreading means 14, 21, the suspensions 20, 27, the base 8 or the roof 12 of the support structure. Furthermore, the mosquito net is optionally suspended from a rope 50 which is stretched between the fastening points 41 and 42 or above the support structure along the vertical hanging axis plane 43 or directly from the fastening points 41 and 42 so that it allows the body the desired freedom of movement. For the purpose of getting in and out, the mosquito net 10 can be designed to be divisible by a mosquito net opening 11 and can be opened and closed.

The roof 12 optionally forms the upper side of the support structure according to the embodiment of Fig.13 and Fig.14. It protects the Body from rain, wind, views, direct sunlight, falling tree parts and the like. Preferably, the roof is either attached to a cable 50 which is stretched between the attachment points 41 and 42 or above the support structure along the vertical hanging axis plane or directly attached to the attachment points and detachably or partially permanently connected to the support structure 1, the spreading points 16, 17, 23, 24, the spreading cables 18, 19, 25, 26, the spreading means 14, 21, the suspensions 20, 27 or the base 8 of the support structure so that it gives the body the appropriate freedom of movement. For the purpose of getting in and out, the roof 12 can be designed to be divisible by a roof opening 13 and can be opened and closed.

At the edge of the support structure, according to an embodiment shown in Fig.13 and Fig.14, preferably an edge element 55, which can be connected to the suspensions 20 and 27, the base 8, the support 9, the mosquito net 10 or the roof 12 of the support structure, is detachably or permanently attached between the two attachment points 41 and 42 and the boom load-side spreading points 17 and 24.

In Fig.15, Fig.16 and Fig.17 the asymmetric support structure is shown as an example equipped with a caudal and a cranial spreading construction.

In this embodiment, the spreading means 14 is specifically three-dimensionally shaped so that it presses against the three-dimensionally shaped support structure.

According to this embodiment, the support structure itself is shaped in the area of this impression in such a way that, on the one hand, it can transfer parts of the tensile forces that arise from the load of the boom-load-side parts of the torso 28, the shoulder 31 and the neck 39 and are diverted via the attachment point 41 at the head end of the support structure to the spreading means 14 and, on the other hand, it transmits the other part of these tensile forces to the spreading cable 18. According to this embodiment, the head comes to lie in a recess of the support structure 1 between the two tensile force bundles which arise from the load of the torso and are diverted via the attachment point 41 at the head end.

Fig.18 to Fig.26 shows a support structure equipped with a caudal and a cranial spreader construction as well as the individual fabric parts from which the support structure is made.

In the embodiment shown, the support structure is made up of seven fabric elements, which are shown in Fig. 19 to Fig. 25 true to scale relative to the underlying grid and horizontally according to their grain. The grid lines underlying the fabric elements are each 10 cm apart from each other in their original size.

This version is suitable for people up to 175cm tall.

According to this embodiment, the seven fabric parts cranial 63, lateral 64, transverse 65, dorsal 66, medial 67, caudal 68 and terminal 69 are connected to one another by sutures at the respective attachment suture lines 74.

According to this embodiment, the seams can be executed from starting point A 84 to starting point B 85, further from starting point C 86 to starting point D 87, from starting point E 88 to starting point F 89, from starting point G 90 to starting point H 91, from starting point I 92 to starting point J 93 and from starting point K 94 to starting point L 95.

According to this embodiment, the side boundaries 102, 103 are hemmed along the seam line 76.

According to this embodiment, the folds are fixed to one another along the fold seam line 75 in such a way that the spreading point line 101 coincides with the corresponding spreading point at the outer fold edges. According to this embodiment, spreader straps 18, 19, 25, 26 and support structures are connected to one another in such a way that they are applied to the respective spreader strap attachment 77 and sewn to the spreader strap seam line 78.

According to this embodiment, the spreading cables 18, 19 and the suspension KE 20 are connected to each other at the cranial root 61 and the spreading cables 25, 26 and the suspension FE 27 are connected to each other at the caudal root 62.

According to this embodiment, the spreading tabs 72 are connected along the tab seam line 79 to the respective spreading cable 18, 19, 25, 26, as well as to the support structure 1.

According to this embodiment, the spreading tabs are designed such that the spreading means 14, 21 can be connected to the rest of the support structure by positive locking in the position of use.

The length dimensions of the spreading means and the spreading cables measured stretched between the spreading root and the spreading point are according to this embodiment:

Spreader KE 14 96cm

Spreader HS-KE 18 66.5cm

Spreader AS-KE 19 72cm

Spreader FE 21 103.5cm

Spreader bar HS-FE 25 68cm

spreader AS-FE 26 97cm

The line drawn continuously in Fig.19 to Fig.25 relates to attachment seam lines 74, spread tension seam lines 78, spread point lines 101 and hem seam lines 76, and the outermost, broken line in each case relates to the cutting edge 71 of the respective support structure element of this embodiment.

The cutting edges of the supporting structure elements result from the seam lines and the allocation of the corresponding seam allowance. The properties of the warp and weft threads, together with the weave, determine the stretching behavior of a fabric. The fabric of this design has low stretchability in both weaving directions.

In this embodiment, the attachment seams which connect the support structure elements to one another can be designed as felled seams.

The support structure of this embodiment has a foot recess, two arm recesses and a head recess, which are separated from each other by three transverse webs 59.

The three transverse webs 59 of this embodiment preferably run between spreading point HS-FE 25 and spreading point AS-KE 17, between spreading point HS-KE 16 and spreading point AS-FE 24 and between spreading point HS-FE 25 and the area of the two spreading cables 18, 19.

According to this embodiment, the three transverse axes 60, which follow the three transverse webs 59, form a triangle, one corner of which is directed towards the spreading point HS-FE 25.

In this embodiment, parts of the tensile forces generated by the back are guided past both sides of the head, so that the head comes to rest on an area of the sling that is predominantly unaffected by these tensile forces.

Starting from this embodiment, further embodiments can be developed by changing the position of the spreading points and/or the lengths and/or shapes of the spreading means and/or the lengths and/or shapes of the spreading pulls and/or the starting points of the folds and/or the seam lines and/or the thread path of the support structure elements and preferably adapting them in iterative processes to the lying position to be achieved. Starting from this embodiment, further embodiments can be developed by adding or omitting spreading points and/or spreading means and/or folds and/or support structure elements and adapting the shape of the support structure 1 to the lying position to be achieved, if necessary in iterative processes.

With regard to Fig.33, it should be noted that a detailed analysis of the nature of the position of use shows that this is particularly dependent on the weight distribution within the spreader bars and the support structure.

For example, a support structure hem that overhangs on one side, spreader bars that protrude on one side or an uneven weight distribution within the spreader bars or similar can cause the support structure to twist or distort around the hanging axis, particularly in the position in which it is being used.

This can change the shape of the hanging contour and the relationships of the upper body hollow/bulge in the arm area AS.

List of reference symbols:

1. Support structure

2nd footwell

3. Upper body hollow

4. Tension bundle suspension KE

5. Tensile force bundle spreading point HS-KE

6. Tensile force bundle spreading point HS-FE

7. Tensile force bundle spreading point AS-FE

8th document

9th edition

10. Mosquito net

11 . Mosquito net opening

12th roof

13. Roof opening

14. Spreading agent KE

15. Vertical spreading axis plane KE

16. Spreading point HS-KE

17. Spreading point AS-KE

18. Spreader HS-KE

19. Spreader AS-KE

20. Suspension KE

21. Spreading agent FE

22nd vertical spreading axis plane FE

23. Spreading point HS-FE

24. Spreading point AS-FE

25th Spreader HS-FE

26. Spreader AS-FE

27. Suspension FE

28th fuselage

29th head

30. Seat part HS

31. Shoulder HS 98. Medial fold

99. Caudal fold

100th root folding KE

101st spread point line

102. Page limit HS

103. Page limit AS

104. Trough opening

105. Catenary a ... recumbent axis angle

Abbreviation legend:

HS ... main load side

AS ... boom load side

KE ... head end

FE ... foot end

Claims

patent claims 1. Asymmetrical hammock with two fastening points (41, 42) and a supporting structure (1) made of a membrane-like material which sags between the two fastening points (41, 42) in the position of use and is possibly loaded by a person lying on it, - wherein in the use position a hanging contour (56) is defined which extends along the support structure (1) in a straight line from one fastening point (41) to the other fastening point (42), - and wherein in the use position a lying contour (57) is defined which runs along the support structure (1) at an angle to the hanging contour (56), which determines the lying direction of the person and along which the support structure (1) has a foot region arranged away from the hanging contour (56) for receiving the feet of the person and an upper body region for receiving the upper body of the person, - wherein at least one first spreading means (21) is provided, which spreads the support structure (1) in the foot region transversely to the hanging contour (56) and transversely to the lying contour (57), characterized in that the support structure (1) has a foot recess (2) in the foot region which is bulged downwards in the use position relative to the hanging contour (56), preferably permanently. 2. Hammock according to claim 1, characterized in that the lying contour (57) in the region of the foot recess (2) runs at least partially horizontally or sloping in the direction of the foot-side end of the foot recess (2). 3. Hammock according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support structure (1) has in the upper body region at least one upper body recess (3) which, in the position of use, is permanently bulged downwards relative to the hanging contour (56) for receiving at least a part of the upper body. 4. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a second spreading means (14) is provided, which spreads the support structure (1) in the upper body region transversely to the hanging contour (56) and transversely to the lying contour (57). 5. Hammock according to claim 3, characterized in - that an upper body recess (3) is designed as an arm recess for receiving an arm of the person, wherein the arm recess is spaced from the lying contour (57a) and bulged on both sides with respect to the hanging contour (56), - and/or that an upper body recess (3) is designed as a head recess for receiving the head of the person, wherein the head recess is spaced from the hanging contour (56) and is bulged out on the other side with respect to the hanging contour (56) like the foot recess (2). 6. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in - that the lying contour (57) has at least one turning point, - wherein the turning point of the lying contour (57) is arranged in particular in a central region between the foot region and the upper body region. 7. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two spreading points (16, 17, 23, 24) are provided as points of attack for a spreading means (14, 21) in the form of reinforced points of the supporting structure (1). 8. Hammock according to claim 7, characterized in that a tensile, in particular band- or cord-shaped, spreading cable (18, 19, 25, 26) is connected to the supporting structure (1) in each case running from a spreading point (16, 17, 23, 24) to a fastening point (41, 42). 9. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in - that the support structure (1 ) has an underside in the position of use, - that a flexible base (8) is provided, - and that the flexible base (8) is attached following the underside of the support structure. 10. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in - that the support structure (1) has an upper side in the use position, - that a requirement is provided, - and that the support (9) is attached to the upper side of the support structure and, in particular together with the support structure (1), forms a bag or a sleeping bag for at least partially accommodating the body of the person. 11. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in - that a mosquito net (10) is provided which is arranged above the support structure (1) in the position of use, which preferably terminates with the support structure along a closed contour and preferably has a closable entry opening. 12. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a preferably waterproof roof (12) is provided which is arranged above the support structure (1) in the position of use. 13. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a tensile, cord- or band-shaped edge element (55) is provided which runs along the edge of the supporting structure (1). 14. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in - that the support structure (1) is composed of several surfaces of woven, tensile textile, - the textile has fabric threads running crosswise along two directions, - wherein the surfaces of the support structure (1) are aligned such that one of the directions of the threads runs along the direction of the tensile forces which are present in the support structure (1) in this surface due to the person lying in the hammock. 15. Hammock according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the supporting structure (1) comprises an isotropic, tensile material, in particular a tarpaulin or a film. 16. Hammock according to claim 15, characterized in that the bulges of the support structure (1), in particular the foot recess (2) and/or the upper body recess (3), are formed by plastic deformation, for example by deep drawing or thermal deformation of an otherwise planar, isotropic, tensile material.