WO2024214763A1 - 二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024214763A1 WO2024214763A1 PCT/JP2024/014638 JP2024014638W WO2024214763A1 WO 2024214763 A1 WO2024214763 A1 WO 2024214763A1 JP 2024014638 W JP2024014638 W JP 2024014638W WO 2024214763 A1 WO2024214763 A1 WO 2024214763A1
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- positive electrode
- separator
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- electrode
- current collector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the positive or negative electrode may have an exposed portion (non-composite portion) where the current collector is exposed without a composite layer for connection to a lead tab.
- the exposed portion may be located at one end in the width direction (short direction).
- One aspect of the present disclosure is a battery comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator, the first electrode and the second electrode being stacked with the separator interposed therebetween, the first electrode comprising a strip-shaped current collector and a mixture layer disposed on the current collector, the first electrode having an edge portion including one end in the width direction and a main portion other than the edge portion, the edge portion having an exposed portion where the mixture layer is not formed on the surface of the current collector and the current collector is exposed, the separator being multiple
- the secondary battery includes a porous substrate layer and a protective layer that contains resin particles and covers the porous substrate layer.
- the exposed area A1 of each of the resin particles exposed on the surface of the separator in the first region is larger than the exposed area A2 of each of the resin particles exposed on the surface of the separator in the second region.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a positive electrode according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a separator according to an embodiment.
- 4 is a cross-sectional view that illustrates a state in which the positive electrode illustrated in FIG. 2 and the separator illustrated in FIG. 3 are superimposed on each other.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a positive electrode according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a separator according to an embodiment.
- 4 is a cross-sectional view that illustrates a state in which the positive electrode illustrated in FIG. 2 and the separator illustrated in FIG. 3 are superimposed on each other.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a positive electrode according
- Secondary batteries include non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium metal secondary batteries, and solid-state batteries containing a gel electrolyte or a solid electrolyte.
- the secondary battery may be a liquid secondary battery containing an electrolytic solution as an electrolyte, or an all-solid-state secondary battery containing a solid electrolyte.
- a secondary battery includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are stacked with the separator in between.
- the secondary battery may include a wound electrode group in which the first electrode and the second electrode are wound with the separator in between.
- the outer shape of the wound electrode group is columnar, and may be, for example, cylindrical.
- the configuration of the electrode group is not limited to this, and the secondary battery may include a stacked electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are stacked with a separator in between.
- the first electrode comprises a strip-shaped current collector and a mixture layer disposed on the current collector.
- the first electrode has an edge portion including one end in the width direction and a main portion other than the edge portion, and the edge portion has an exposed portion (a portion where a mixture layer is not formed) where the current collector is exposed because the mixture layer is not formed on the surface of the current collector.
- a plurality of exposed portions can be provided intermittently along the length direction.
- a step is formed at the boundary between the exposed portion and the mixture layer.
- the separator As the electrode expands during charging and discharging, the separator is subjected to pressure. At this time, the separator is compressed in the area that comes into contact with the step, making it more likely to break.
- the exposed portion is where the lead tab and protective tape for protecting the lead tab are attached, a step is also formed at the boundary between the exposed portion and the lead tab or protective tape.
- the step formed by the lead tab or protective tape also compresses the separator, making it more likely to tear.
- the separator comprises a porous substrate layer and a protective layer that contains resin particles and covers the porous substrate layer.
- the protective layer is softer than the porous substrate layer and has the effect of mitigating pressure applied to the separator, and the protective layer is compressed at the stepped portion, thereby suppressing compression of the porous substrate layer. This suppresses tearing of the separator.
- the separator is divided into two in the width direction, a first region facing the main part and a second region facing the edge part.
- the exposed area A1 of each resin particle exposed on the surface of the separator in the first region is larger than the exposed area A2 of each resin particle exposed on the surface of the separator in the second region (A1>A2).
- the second region facing the edge includes a region facing the lead tab (and protective tape).
- the thickness of the lead tab (and protective tape) is greater than the thickness of the mixture layer, so the height of the step formed by the lead tab or protective tape is also greater than the step formed by the mixture layer.
- the exposed area A of each resin particle exposed on the separator surface is equal to the covering area of each resin particle covering the current collector when the separator does not have a heat-resistant layer described below, and the larger the average size of the resin particles (the larger the average particle diameter), the larger the exposed area A.
- the resin particles form convex portions that protrude from the separator surface, and when the exposed area A is large, the height of the convex portions also increases due to the larger particle diameter of the resin particles.
- the exposed area A1 in the first region being larger than the exposed area A2 in the second region also means that the height h1 of the convex portions of the resin particles in the first region is higher than the height h2 of the convex portions of the resin particles in the second region.
- the total thickness HL of the lead tab and protective tape facing the second region is usually thicker than the thickness HM of the mixture layer facing the first region ( HL > HM ). Therefore, when the separator is superimposed on the first electrode, the maximum thickness of the electrode differs between the main part and the edge part, and the separator is easily bent and folded under compression near the boundary between the main part and the region in the edge part where the lead tab is provided.
- the protective layer of the separator may have a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic particles in addition to the resin particles.
- the heat-resistant layer can impart heat resistance to the separator and improve the safety of the secondary battery.
- the thickness of the heat-resistant layer may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the resin particles are dispersed in the heat-resistant layer.
- the thickness of the heat-resistant layer may be thinner than the average particle diameter of the resin particles.
- at least a portion of each individual resin particle protrudes from the heat-resistant layer and is exposed on the surface of the separator to form a convex portion.
- the exposed area of the exposed convex portion corresponds to the exposed area A per resin particle described above.
- the protruding height (height of the convex portion) of the resin particles protruding from the surface of the separator is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less in the first region.
- the protruding height of the resin particles is obtained by obtaining a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the cross section of the separator taken out from the secondary battery by the method described later.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the height of the convex portions protruding from the surface of the separator for a plurality of resin particles is obtained by image analysis, and the average value of the height of the convex portions is regarded as the protruding height of the resin particles.
- the protruding height of the resin particles is equal to the average particle diameter of the resin particles when the protective layer does not have a heat-resistant layer.
- the protruding height of the resin particles is approximately equal to the average particle diameter of the resin particles minus the thickness of the heat-resistant layer.
- the average particle diameter of the resin particles and the thickness of the heat-resistant layer may be obtained by image analysis to derive the protruding height.
- the protruding height of the resin particles protruding from the surface of the separator in the second region is lower than the protruding height of the resin particles protruding from the surface of the separator in the first region (height of the protrusion h1).
- the protruding height of the resin particles in the second region can be determined in consideration of the thicknesses of the lead tab and the protective tape, and the thickness of the mixture layer, so that the difference (h1-h2) between the protruding height of the resin particles in the first region and the protruding height of the resin particles in the second region is approximately equal to the difference (H L -H M ) between the above-mentioned H L and H M.
- the exposed area A1 in the first region is, for example, 1 ⁇ m 2 or more and 80 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the exposed area A1 may be 3.5 ⁇ m 2 or more and 80 ⁇ m 2 or less, 50 ⁇ m 2 or more and 80 ⁇ m 2 or less, or 50 ⁇ m 2 or more and 71 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the ratio A1/A2 of the exposed area A1 in the first region to the exposed area A2 in the second region is 1.5 or more and 4 or less, the effect of suppressing the breakage of the separator is remarkable, and this is preferable.
- the exposed areas A1 and A2 are determined by taking a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image (hereinafter simply referred to as "SEM image") of the surface of the separator removed from the secondary battery and applying image processing to the SEM image.
- SEM image scanning electron microscope
- a measurement area of 100 ⁇ m x 100 ⁇ m is photographed at a magnification of 500 to 3000 times.
- the separator may be removed from a secondary battery in a fully charged state or a discharged state.
- the separator removed from the secondary battery is washed with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and dried before measurement.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the SEM image the area occupied by each individual resin particle is taken as the exposed area of the resin particle.
- the exposed area of each resin particle is determined by image processing.
- the average of the exposed areas of the resin particles in the measurement area is determined and taken as the exposed area A per resin particle.
- the SEM image may be binarized so that the resin particles are black (or white) and the rest are white (or black).
- the exposed area A1 is obtained by selecting a measurement area of 100 ⁇ m x 100 ⁇ m in the first region and determining the exposed area A per resin particle using the method described above.
- the exposed area A2 is obtained by selecting a measurement area of 100 ⁇ m x 100 ⁇ m in the second region and determining the exposed area A per resin particle using the method described above.
- the first electrode having the above-mentioned main parts and edges will be described as a positive electrode.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the first electrode may be a negative electrode.
- Both the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be electrodes having the above-mentioned main parts and edges.
- the positive electrode includes a strip-shaped positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be in the form of a film.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer formed (or supported) on a partial region of the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode edge portion including one end in the short side direction of the positive electrode, and a positive electrode main portion other than the positive electrode edge portion.
- the positive electrode edge portion includes an exposed portion of the positive electrode current collector that is intermittently provided at a plurality of locations along the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode current collector.
- the exposed portion of the positive electrode current collector does not include a positive electrode mixture layer from one end in the short side direction to the positive electrode main portion.
- the positive electrode mixture layer is composed of a positive electrode mixture. Since the positive electrode mixture contains a positive electrode active material as an essential component, the positive electrode mixture layer may also be called a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode mixture layer is supported on one or both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture contains a positive electrode active material as an essential component, and may contain optional components such as a binder, a conductive assistant, and a thickener.
- the positive electrode active material may be a material that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, a lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- Representative examples of lithium-containing transition metal oxides include lithium cobalt oxide and lithium nickel oxide, which have a layered, rock-salt crystal structure.
- the positive electrode mixture layer can be formed, for example, by applying a positive electrode slurry, in which a positive electrode mixture containing particles of the essential positive electrode active material and optional ingredients (binder, conductive additive, etc.) is dispersed in a dispersion medium, to the surface of the positive electrode current collector and then drying. The coating film after drying may be rolled as necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be formed on one surface or both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal such as Ni, Co, or Mn can be used.
- examples include Li a CoO 2 , Li a NiO 2 , Li a MnO 2 , Li a Co b Ni 1-b O 2 , Li a Co b M 1-b O c , Li a Ni 1-b M b O c , Li a Mn 2 O 4 , Li a Mn 2-b M b O 4 , LiMPO 4 , and Li 2 MPO 4 F
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Sc, Y, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Pb, Sb, and B).
- the value a which indicates the molar ratio of lithium, increases or decreases due to charging and discharging.
- binders include resin materials, such as fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyamide resins such as aramid resin; polyimide and polyamideimide resins; acrylic resins such as polyacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate, and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer; vinyl resins such as polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl acetate; polyvinylpyrrolidone; and polyethersulfone.
- resin materials such as fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyamide resins such as aramid resin; polyimide and polyamideimide resins; acrylic resins such as polyacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate, and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer; vinyl resins such as polyacrylon
- Examples of conductive additives include carbon materials such as graphite, carbon blacks such as acetylene black, carbon fibers (carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon fibers other than CNT), etc.
- One type of conductive agent may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- a non-porous conductive substrate such as metal foil
- a porous conductive substrate such as mesh, net, or punched sheet
- the material of the positive electrode current collector include stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, and titanium.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode includes a strip-shaped negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode may have a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer or a negative electrode active material layer formed (or supported) on the entire or partial area of the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer or the negative electrode active material layer may be in the form of a film.
- the negative electrode mixture layer or the negative electrode active material layer is supported on one or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer is composed of a negative electrode mixture.
- the negative electrode active material layer is composed of a negative electrode mixture or a negative electrode active material. Since the negative electrode mixture contains a negative electrode active material as an essential component, the negative electrode mixture layer may be called a negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode active material may be a material that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions, or may be lithium metal or a lithium alloy.
- the negative electrode active material layer composed of a material other than the negative electrode mixture is composed of at least one material selected from the group consisting of lithium metal and lithium alloy.
- the negative electrode mixture layer or the negative electrode active material layer is supported on one or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture contains a negative electrode active material as an essential component, and may contain optional components such as a binder, a conductive assistant, and a thickener.
- a negative electrode mixture layer can be formed, for example, by applying a negative electrode slurry, in which a negative electrode mixture containing particles of the negative electrode active material, which is an essential component, and optional components is dispersed in a dispersion medium, to the surface of the negative electrode current collector and then drying. The coating film after drying may be rolled if necessary.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain an alloy material.
- the alloy material contains a phase that reversibly forms an alloy with lithium.
- the phase that reversibly forms an alloy with lithium may be, for example, silicon (silicon phase).
- Such a phase expands and contracts greatly during charging and discharging.
- the content of the alloy material in the negative electrode mixture layer at the edge of the negative electrode may be greater than that at the main part of the negative electrode. This makes it easy to increase the expansion rate of the negative electrode at the edge of the negative electrode compared to that at the main part of the negative electrode.
- the category of alloy-based materials includes Si-containing materials, Sn-containing materials, Si, Sn, Si alloys, Sn alloys, etc. Among them, Si-containing materials have high capacity and are suitable as negative electrode active materials. Si-containing materials contain a silicon phase. Silicon can reversibly form an alloy with lithium. Si-containing materials are materials that can reversibly absorb and release lithium ions.
- the silicon-containing material may be a composite particle including a silicon phase and a matrix phase in which the silicon phase is dispersed.
- the matrix phase may be composed of a material having lithium ion conductivity.
- the matrix phase may include, for example, at least one type selected from the group consisting of a silicon oxide phase and a carbon phase.
- the silicon oxide phase contains Si and O, and may further contain a third element other than Si and O.
- the silicon oxide phase may be composed of SiO 2 , may be composed of lithium silicate, or may be composed of both of these.
- Composite particles that are silicon-containing materials may be, for example, in any of the following forms (a) to (c).
- a first composite particle including a silicon phase and a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) phase in which the silicon phase is dispersed.
- a second composite particle comprising a silicon phase and a lithium silicate phase in which the silicon phase is dispersed.
- a third composite particle comprising a silicon phase and a carbon phase in which the silicon phase is dispersed.
- the first composite particles (containing a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) phase and a silicon phase dispersed in the silicon dioxide (SiO2) phase) are excellent among silicon-containing materials in that they are highly stable and undergo small volumetric changes.
- the high stability is believed to be due to the small particle size of the silicon phase (or silicon particles) dispersed in the silicon dioxide phase, which makes deep charging difficult.
- the silicon dioxide phase has a relatively large number of sites that irreversibly trap lithium ions, so it tends to have a large irreversible capacity among silicon-containing materials, but in return it has high structural stability and is easily suppressed from undergoing volumetric changes.
- the first composite particles can be synthesized, for example, by heating a raw material silicon oxide in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and carrying out a disproportionation reaction.
- silicon fine particles can be generated uniformly in a silicon dioxide phase.
- the average particle size of the silicon fine particles generated by the disproportionation reaction can be, for example, less than 100 nm, and can be 5 nm to 50 nm.
- the matrix phase of the first composite particles can be composed of, for example, 95 to 100 mass % silicon dioxide.
- the overall composition of the first composite particles can be represented by the general formula SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, preferably 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5).
- the content of the silicon phase in the first composite particle may be, for example, 20% by mass to 60% by mass.
- the second composite particles (containing a lithium silicate phase and a silicon phase dispersed in the lithium silicate phase) are superior among silicon-containing materials in that they have a small irreversible capacity.
- excellent charge/discharge efficiency can be obtained. This effect is particularly noticeable in the early stages of charge/discharge.
- the lithium silicate phase may contain, in addition to Li, Si, and O, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group 1 elements (other than Li) and Group 2 elements of the long form periodic table as a third element.
- the Group 1 elements and Group 2 elements may be, for example, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, etc.
- the lithium silicate phase may further contain Al, B, La, P, Zr, Ti, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu, Mo, Zn, etc.
- the ratio of the number of O atoms to the number of Si atoms in the lithium silicate phase is, for example, greater than 2 and less than 4. In this case, it is advantageous in terms of stability and lithium ion conductivity.
- the O/Si ratio may be greater than 2 and less than 3.
- the ratio of the number of Li atoms to the number of Si atoms in the lithium silicate phase (Li/Si) is, for example, greater than 0 and less than 4.
- the second composite particles can be obtained, for example, by mixing lithium silicate with raw silicon, crushing and stirring the mixture with a stirrer such as a ball mill, and then sintering the mixture in an inert atmosphere while applying pressure.
- the mixture can also be sintered and the sintered body can be pulverized to obtain the second composite particles.
- the content of the silicon phase contained in the second composite particles can be, for example, 35% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less. Since the content of the silicon phase in the second composite particles can be changed arbitrarily, it is easy to design a high-capacity negative electrode.
- the third composite particle (containing a carbon phase and a silicon phase dispersed in the carbon phase) is superior among silicon-containing materials in that it has a small irreversible capacity.
- the carbon phase can develop capacity through a Faraday reaction with lithium ions, making it advantageous among silicon-containing materials for achieving high capacity.
- the carbon phase may contain crystalline carbon (graphite) or may contain amorphous carbon with low crystallinity (i.e., amorphous carbon).
- the amorphous carbon may be, for example, non-graphitizable carbon, easily graphitizable carbon, or something else.
- the third composite particles can be obtained, for example, by mixing a carbon source with raw silicon, crushing and stirring the mixture with a stirrer such as a ball mill, and then firing the mixture in an inert atmosphere.
- the mixture can also be sintered and the sintered body pulverized to obtain the third composite particles.
- the carbon source may be, for example, a sugar, a water-soluble resin, or the like.
- a sugar for example, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, sucrose, or the like may be used as the carbon source.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- polyvinylpyrrolidone polyvinylpyrrolidone
- cellulose sucrose, or the like
- the carbon source and the raw silicon may be dispersed in a liquid organic dispersion medium such as alcohol.
- the content of the silicon phase contained in the third composite particle can be, for example, 40% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less. Since the content of the silicon phase in the third composite particle can be changed arbitrarily, it is easy to design a high-capacity negative electrode.
- the average particle size of the silicon phase (or silicon particles) in the second composite particle or the third composite particle is, for example, 100 nm or more and 500 nm or less, and may be 400 nm or less, or 200 nm or less.
- the silicon phase has such a large average particle size, it becomes easier to increase the capacity of these composite particles.
- the silicon phase dispersed within the matrix phase of the second composite particle or the third composite particle may be composed of multiple crystallites.
- the crystallite size may be, for example, 30 nm or less, or 25 nm or less. In this case, the volume change due to the expansion and contraction of the silicon phase accompanying charging and discharging can be minimized.
- the crystallite size is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more, or 10 nm or more.
- the crystallite size of the silicon phase is calculated using the Scherrer formula from the half-width of the diffraction peak assigned to the Si(111) plane in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the silicon phase.
- the average particle size of the first, second and third composite materials may be, for example, 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, or 4 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m. This makes it easier to alleviate stress caused by volumetric changes in the silicon phase during charging and discharging.
- the average particle size refers to the particle size (volume average particle size) at which the volume cumulative value is 50% in the particle size distribution measured, for example, by laser diffraction scattering.
- the "LA-750" manufactured by Horiba Ltd. can be used as a measuring device.
- the average particle size of carbon materials graphite, etc. can also be measured in the same way.
- the silicon phase content in the first, second and third composite materials can be measured, for example, by Si-NMR.
- the average particle size of the silicon phase in the first, second and third composite materials can be measured from cross-sectional SEM (scanning electron microscope) photographs of the composite particles. Specifically, the average particle size of the silicon phase can be determined by averaging the maximum diameters of any 100 silicon particles.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain a mixture of at least one type selected from the group consisting of the first, second, and third composite particles and particles of a material other than such composite particles.
- carbon materials As materials other than the Si-containing material, carbon materials, spinel-type lithium titanium oxide, spinel-type lithium manganese oxide, etc. are preferred. Of these, carbon materials are preferred.
- the carbon material can be graphite, easily graphitized carbon (soft carbon), hardly graphitized carbon (hard carbon), etc. Of these, graphite is preferred because of its excellent charge/discharge stability and low irreversible capacity.
- Graphite refers to a carbon material in which the interplanar spacing d002 of the (002) plane measured by X-ray diffraction is, for example, 0.340 nm or less.
- the crystallite size Lc(002) of graphite measured by X-ray diffraction may be, for example, 5 nm or more, 5 nm or more and 300 nm or less, or 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the graphite is, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the proportion of the silicon-containing material in the negative electrode active material is, for example, 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, or may be 3% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, or may be 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less. In this case, it is easy to achieve a good balance between improved cycle characteristics and high capacity.
- binders include resin materials, such as fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyamide resins such as aramid resin; polyimide and polyamideimide; acrylic resins such as polyacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate, and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer; vinyl resins such as polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl acetate; polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyethersulfone; and rubber-like materials such as styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber (SBR).
- resin materials such as fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyamide resins such as aramid resin; polyimide and polyamideimide; acrylic resins such as polyacrylic acid, polymethyl acryl
- Examples of conductive additives include carbons such as acetylene black, carbon fibers (carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon fibers other than CNT), metal fibers, and metal powders such as aluminum.
- the conductive agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Thickeners include, for example, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and its modified forms (including salts such as the Na salt), cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose (cellulose ethers, etc.), and saponified polymers having vinyl acetate units such as polyvinyl alcohol.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose (cellulose ethers, etc.)
- saponified polymers having vinyl acetate units such as polyvinyl alcohol.
- One type of thickener may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- a non-porous conductive substrate such as metal foil
- a porous conductive substrate such as mesh, net, or punched sheet
- the material of the negative electrode current collector include stainless steel, nickel, nickel alloy, copper, and copper alloy.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator has high ion permeability and has appropriate mechanical strength and insulating properties.
- the separator may be a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or the like.
- the separator includes a porous substrate layer and a protective layer.
- the protective layer contains resin particles.
- the protective layer may be provided on one side of the porous substrate layer, or on both sides of the porous substrate layer. It is sufficient that the protective layer is provided on at least one side of the separator, which is the side facing the first electrode (here, the positive electrode).
- the porous substrate layer is, for example, a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating properties, and specific examples thereof include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, etc.
- the material of the porous substrate layer is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of polyethylene and ⁇ -olefin, acrylic resins, polystyrene, polyester, cellulose, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, fluororesins, etc.
- the resin particles for example, known polymers that can be used as binders can be used.
- monomer units constituting the resin particles (polymers) include aromatic vinyl monomer units, (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer units, and fluorine-containing monomer units.
- (meth)acrylic means acrylic and/or methacrylic.
- aromatic vinyl monomers capable of forming aromatic vinyl monomer units include, but are not limited to, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, styrenesulfonic acid, butoxystyrene, vinylnaphthalene, etc.
- Examples of (meth)acrylic acid ester monomers capable of forming (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer units include butyl acrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and t-butyl acrylate, octyl acrylates such as pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylic acids such as nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, n-tetradecyl acrylate and stearyl acrylate, etc.
- alkyl esters and methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate such as n-butyl methacrylate and t-butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate such as pentyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid alkyl esters such as nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, n-tetradecyl methacrylate, and stearyl methacrylate.
- methacrylic acid alkyl esters such as nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, n-tetradecyl methacrylate, and stearyl methacryl
- fluorine-containing monomers that can form fluorine-containing monomer units include, but are not limited to, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinyl chloride trifluoride, vinyl fluoride, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, etc.
- the resin particles may contain crosslinkable monomer units in addition to the above monomer units.
- the crosslinkable monomer units are monomers that can form crosslinked structures during or after polymerization by heating or irradiation with energy rays.
- Examples of monomers that can form crosslinkable monomer units include polyfunctional monomers having two or more polymerization reactive groups in the monomer.
- polyfunctional monomers examples include divinyl compounds such as allyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene; di(meth)acrylic acid ester compounds such as diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, and 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate; tri(meth)acrylic acid ester compounds such as trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate; ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing epoxy groups such as allyl glycidyl ether and glycidyl methacrylate; and the like.
- divinyl compounds such as allyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene
- di(meth)acrylic acid ester compounds such as diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, and 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate
- tri(meth)acrylic acid ester compounds such
- the resin particles can be prepared by polymerizing a monomer composition containing the above-mentioned monomers in an aqueous solvent such as water.
- the polymerization method is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization aggregation method, or a pulverization method.
- the polymerization reaction may be any reaction such as radical polymerization or living radical polymerization.
- the monomer composition used in preparing the resin particles may contain other additives such as chain transfer agents, polymerization regulators, polymerization reaction retarders, reactive flow agents, fillers, flame retardants, antioxidants, and colorants in any desired amounts.
- the protective layer may have a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic particles.
- the resin particles are dispersed in the heat-resistant layer.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the resin particles may be larger than the thickness of the heat-resistant layer.
- the resin particles having an average particle diameter (D50) larger than the thickness of the heat-resistant layer form convex portions protruding from the surface of the heat-resistant layer.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the resin particles depends on the thickness of the heat-resistant layer, but is preferably in the range of, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- D50 refers to the particle diameter at which the cumulative frequency in the volume-based particle size distribution is 50% from the smallest particle diameter, and is also called the median diameter.
- the particle size distribution of inorganic particles can be measured using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (for example, the "LA-750" manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- inorganic particles contained in the heat-resistant layer include metal oxide particles, metal nitride particles, metal fluoride particles, metal carbide particles, etc.
- metal oxide particles include aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, silicon oxide, and manganese oxide.
- metal nitride particles include titanium nitride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, magnesium nitride, and silicon nitride.
- metal fluoride particles include aluminum fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, and barium fluoride.
- metal carbide particles include silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium carbide, and tungsten carbide.
- the inorganic particles may be porous aluminosilicates such as zeolite (M2 / nO.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O , where M is a metal element, n is the valence of M, x ⁇ 2, y ⁇ 0), layered silicates such as talc ( Mg3Si4O10 (OH) 2 ), minerals such as barium titanate ( BaTiO3 ) and strontium titanate ( SrTiO3 ), etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds .
- zeolite M2 / nO.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O , where M is a metal element, n is the valence of M, x ⁇ 2, y ⁇ 0
- layered silicates such as talc ( Mg3Si4O10 (OH) 2 )
- minerals such as barium titanate ( BaTiO3 ) and stront
- the average particle size (D50) of the inorganic particles is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m, for example.
- the content of inorganic particles in the heat-resistant layer is preferably in the range of 15% by mass to 85% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 30% by mass to 60% by mass, relative to the total mass of the heat-resistant layer.
- the thickness of the heat-resistant layer is preferably smaller than the thickness of the porous substrate layer, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the heat-resistant layer preferably further contains a binder.
- the binder has the function of bonding the individual inorganic particles to each other and to the porous substrate layer.
- binders include fluorine-based resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the content of the binder contained in the heat-resistant layer is preferably 0.5 to 10 mass % and more preferably 1 to 5 mass % based on the total mass of the heat-resistant layer.
- the content of the resin particles dispersed in the heat-resistant layer is preferably in the range of 1% by mass to 15% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 3% by mass to 7% by mass, relative to the total mass of the heat-resistant layer, in order to ensure good adhesion of the separator.
- the separator In order to ensure good adhesion of the separator, it is preferable that there are 10 to 35 convex portions formed by the resin particles, and more preferably 15 to 30 convex portions, within an area of 100 ⁇ m x 100 ⁇ m when the surface of the functional layer is viewed in a plan view.
- a separator having a protective layer containing resin particles can be produced, for example, by mixing resin particles, water as a dispersion medium, and, if necessary, other components (inorganic particles, heat-resistant resin, binder, etc.) to prepare a slurry composition for the protective layer, and then applying the slurry for the protective layer to a porous substrate layer and drying it.
- the electrolyte may be a liquid electrolyte (electrolytic solution), a gel electrolyte, or a solid electrolyte.
- the liquid electrolyte is, for example, an electrolytic solution containing a non-aqueous solvent and a salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the concentration of the salt in the electrolytic solution is, for example, 0.5 mol/L or more and 2 mol/L or less.
- the electrolytic solution may contain a known additive.
- the gel electrolyte contains a salt and a matrix polymer, or a salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and a matrix polymer.
- a matrix polymer for example, a polymer material that absorbs the non-aqueous solvent and gels is used. Examples of the polymer material include fluororesin, acrylic resin, polyether resin, and polyethylene oxide.
- solid electrolyte for example, a material known in all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary batteries (e.g., oxide-based solid electrolyte, sulfide-based solid electrolyte, halide-based solid electrolyte, etc.) is used.
- oxide-based solid electrolyte e.g., oxide-based solid electrolyte, sulfide-based solid electrolyte, halide-based solid electrolyte, etc.
- a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte is prepared by dissolving a salt in a non-aqueous solvent.
- the salt is an electrolyte salt that ionizes in the electrolyte, and may include, for example, a lithium salt.
- the electrolyte may include various additives.
- the electrolyte is usually used in liquid form, but may also have its fluidity restricted by a gelling agent or the like.
- a cyclic carbonate ester for example, a cyclic carbonate ester, a chain carbonate ester, a cyclic carboxylate ester, a chain carboxylate ester, etc.
- the cyclic carbonate ester examples include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), etc.
- Cyclic carbonate esters having an unsaturated bond, such as vinylene carbonate (VC), can also be used.
- Cyclic carbonate esters having a fluorine atom such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)
- the chain carbonate ester include diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), etc.
- Examples of the cyclic carboxylate ester include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL), etc.
- Examples of the chain carboxylate ester include methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, etc.
- the non-aqueous solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- lithium salt examples include LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiSCN, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , lower aliphatic lithium carboxylate, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, borates, imide salts, etc.
- borates examples include lithium bis(1,2-benzenediolate(2-)-O,O')borate, lithium bis(2,3-naphthalenediolate(2-)-O,O')borate, lithium bis(2,2'-biphenyldiolate(2-)-O,O')borate, lithium bis(5-fluoro-2-oleate-1-benzenesulfonic acid-O,O')borate, etc.
- imide salts include lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiN(FSO 2 ) 2 ), lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonate imide (LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate nonafluorobutanesulfonate imide (LiN(CF 3 SO 2 )(C 4 F 9 SO 2 )), and lithium bispentafluoroethanesulfonate imide (LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 ).
- the lithium salt may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte is, for example, 0.5 mol/L or more and 2 mol/L or less.
- One example of the structure of a secondary battery is a structure in which an electrode group formed by winding a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator between them is housed in an exterior body together with an electrolyte.
- this is not limited to this, and other types of electrode groups may be applied.
- it may be a laminated type electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated with a separator between them.
- the shape of the secondary battery is also not limited, and may be, for example, a cylindrical type, a square type, a coin type, a button type, a laminate type, etc.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a secondary battery 10 according to one example of this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a positive electrode according to one example of this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a separator according to one example of this embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state when the positive electrode shown in FIG. 2, the separator shown in FIG. 3, and the negative electrode are superimposed.
- the secondary battery 10 may be, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery or a lithium secondary battery (lithium metal secondary battery). As shown in FIG. 1, the secondary battery 10 includes a non-polar case 11, a wound electrode group 14, a plurality of positive electrode leads 112 made of a conductor, a positive electrode terminal 16 made of a conductor, an end surface current collector 19 made of a conductor, a negative electrode current collector 22 made of a conductor, and a sealing plate 23.
- the case 11 is formed in a cylindrical shape with a bottom and an opening at one end (the lower end in FIG. 1).
- the case 11 is made of metal.
- a through hole 12 through which a positive electrode terminal 16 is inserted is formed in the center of the bottom (the upper end in FIG. 1) of the case 11.
- the case 11 contains an electrolyte (not shown) together with an electrode group 14.
- a recess 13 is formed that is recessed radially inward of the case 11.
- the electrode group 14 has a positive electrode 110 and a negative electrode 120.
- the electrode group 14 is a wound type electrode group in which the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 120 are wound with a separator (not shown) interposed therebetween.
- the electrode group 14 is generally cylindrical overall.
- each of the positive electrode leads 112 is connected to the exposed portion 113b of the positive electrode current collector of the positive electrode edge portion 113 of the positive electrode 110.
- the other end of each of the positive electrode leads 112 is provided so as to stand upright from one end face of the electrode group 14.
- the positive electrode leads 112 are stacked on top of each other and connected to the positive electrode terminal 16 by welding.
- the number of positive electrode leads 112 is eight, but this is not limited to this. Also, only four of the eight positive electrode leads 112 are shown in FIG. 1.
- each positive electrode lead 112 is, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, etc.
- An insulating member 24 is disposed between the electrode group 14 and the bottom of the case 11 to electrically insulate them from each other.
- the insulating member 24 is made of, for example, an insulating resin.
- the insulating member 24 may be attached to the bottom of the case 11.
- the positive electrode terminal 16 is provided on the opposite side to the electrode group 14, sandwiching multiple positive electrode leads 112 between them.
- the positive electrode terminal 16 is inserted into the through hole 12 in the bottom of the case 11, penetrating the bottom of the case 11.
- the positive electrode terminal 16 is made of metal, and a rivet or the like is used.
- the positive electrode terminal 16 is insulated from the case 11 by a positive electrode gasket 26 made of an insulating material.
- An insulating plate 25 is placed between the positive electrode terminal 16 and the electrode group 14 to electrically insulate them from each other.
- the positive electrode terminal 16 has a first terminal member 17 extending from the inside to the outside of the case 11, and a disk-shaped second terminal member 18 joined to the first terminal member 17 and exposed to the outside of the case 11.
- the first terminal member 17 has a disk-shaped first portion 17a, a hollow cylindrical second portion 17b formed continuously with the first portion 17a and inserted into the through hole 12, and a third portion 17c extending radially outward from the end of the second portion 17b and joined to the second terminal member 18.
- the first terminal member 17 is welded to the multiple positive electrode leads 112 at the first portion 17a by a laser irradiated in a direction from the first terminal member 17 toward the electrode group 14.
- the positive electrode terminal 16 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 110 via the multiple positive electrode leads 112 and functions as an external positive electrode terminal of the secondary battery 10.
- the first terminal member 17 is an example of a terminal member.
- the positive electrode lead 112 closest to the electrode group 14 has a folded portion 112a formed by folding a part of the positive electrode lead 112 (specifically, a part of the tip side) and on which a part of the laser mark LM by the laser is formed.
- the folded portion 112a is positioned on the opposite side to the electrode group 14 with the insulating plate 25 in between.
- the end collector plate 19 is made of metal. There are no particular limitations on the shape of the end collector plate 19, and it may be, for example, generally cross-shaped overall. The end collector plate 19 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 120 of the electrode group 14.
- the negative current collector 22 is electrically connected to the end current collector 19 via a metal contact plate 21 (which may be formed, for example, in a ring shape). Thus, the negative current collector 22 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 120.
- the negative current collector 22 and the contact plate 21 may be welded to each other (for example, laser welding).
- the contact plate 21 and the end current collector 19 may be welded to each other (for example, laser welding).
- the negative current collector 22 may be directly connected to the end current collector 19. In this case, the contact plate 21 is not necessary.
- the negative current collector 22 has one or more injection holes 22a for injecting electrolyte into the case 11.
- the negative current collector 22 is welded (for example, laser welding) to the recess 13 of the case 11 at its outer edge.
- the case 11 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 120 via the negative current collector 22 and the like.
- the sealing plate 23 seals the opening of the case 11.
- the sealing plate 23 is made of metal and has a generally circular plate shape.
- the sealing plate 23 is insulated from the case 11 by a negative electrode gasket 27.
- the sealing plate 23 is not electrically connected to either the positive electrode 110 or the negative electrode 120 of the electrode group 14, but this is not limited to this.
- the sealing plate 23 has an explosion-proof mechanism (not shown) that is activated when the internal pressure of the case 11 exceeds a predetermined value.
- the positive electrode 110 shown in FIG. 2 is in a state before being wound into the electrode group 14.
- the arrow Y1 indicates the winding direction of the positive electrode 110 when producing the electrode group 14, which is the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode 110.
- the arrow Y2 perpendicular to the arrow Y1 indicates the winding axis direction of the positive electrode 110 (i.e., the winding axis direction of the electrode group 14), which is the transverse direction of the positive electrode 110.
- the positive electrode 110 has a positive electrode edge portion (second region) 113 including one end 110a in the short side direction of the positive electrode 110, and a positive electrode main portion 114 other than the positive electrode edge portion 113.
- the positive electrode main portion 114 is a region from the positive electrode center end portion 113a of the positive electrode edge portion 113 to the other end 110b in the short side direction of the positive electrode 110.
- the ratio of the width (length in the short side direction) of the positive electrode edge portion 113 to the width (length in the short side direction) of the positive electrode main portion 114 is, for example, in the range of 1:15 to 3:4 or 1:12 to 1:7.
- the positive electrode edge portion 113 of the positive electrode 110 has an exposed portion 113b of the positive electrode current collector where the positive electrode mixture layer is not disposed on the positive electrode current collector, and a first positive electrode mixture portion 113c where the positive electrode mixture layer is disposed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode main portion 114 has a second positive electrode mixture portion 114c where the positive electrode mixture layer is disposed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the exposed portions 113b of the positive electrode current collector are provided at multiple locations (e.g., eight locations) intermittently along the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode current collector.
- the exposed portions 113b do not have a positive electrode mixture layer from one end 110a of the positive electrode 110 in the lateral direction to the positive electrode main portion 114.
- each exposed portion 113b of the positive electrode collector in the longitudinal direction may be 1% to 10% of the longitudinal length of the positive electrode collector, and the total length of all exposed portions 113b of the positive electrode collector in the longitudinal direction may be 5% to 30% or 8% to 20% of the longitudinal length of the positive electrode collector.
- the spacing between adjacent exposed portions 113b of the positive electrode collector be as uniform as possible. For example, if the length of the positive electrode collector is L and the number of exposed portions 113b of the positive electrode collector is n, the spacing between adjacent exposed portions 113b of the positive electrode collector may be 0.8 ⁇ L/n to 1.2 ⁇ L/n.
- a tab-shaped positive electrode lead 112 is connected to each exposed portion 113b of the positive electrode collector.
- the multiple positive electrode leads 112 are bundled together and connected to the first portion 17a of the first terminal member 17.
- the connection portion of the positive electrode lead 112 with the exposed portion 113b can be protected by being covered with a protective tape.
- the other end of the negative electrode 120 in the short direction has an exposed portion of the negative electrode current collector where the negative electrode mixture layer is not disposed on the negative electrode current collector, similar to the positive electrode 110.
- the exposed portion of the negative electrode current collector is formed along the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode current collector. Therefore, the exposed portion of the negative electrode current collector is exposed at the other end face of the electrode group 14.
- the exposed portion of the negative electrode current collector is connected to the end face current collector 19 by, for example, laser welding, without a separate negative electrode lead.
- the separator 130 is divided into a first region 131 and a second region 132 at a certain position in the short side direction (width direction).
- the second region 132 includes the region facing the positive electrode edge portion 113 when the electrode group 14 is formed, but does not include the region facing the positive electrode main portion 114.
- the first region 131 is the part of the separator 130 other than the second region 132, and includes the region facing the positive electrode main portion 114.
- Resin particles 135 (135A, 135B) are exposed on the surface of separator 130.
- the exposed area of resin particles 135A exposed in first region 131 of separator 130 is larger than the exposed area of resin particles 135B exposed in second region 132.
- the separator 130 has a porous substrate layer 133 and a protective layer 134 that covers the porous substrate layer 133.
- the protective layer 134 has resin particles 135 (135A, 135B) and a heat-resistant layer 136 that contains inorganic particles. Because the average particle diameter of the resin particles 135A and 135B is larger than the thickness of the heat-resistant layer 136, a portion of each of the resin particles 135A and 135B is exposed from the heat-resistant layer 136, forming a convex portion on the surface of the separator 130.
- the average particle diameter of resin particles 135A is larger than the average particle diameter of resin particles 135B. Therefore, the height h1 of the convex portion formed by resin particles 135A is larger than the height h2 of the convex portion formed by resin particles 135B. In addition, the exposed area of resin particles 135A is larger than the exposed area of resin particles 135B.
- the resin particles 135A When a compressive stress is applied to the separator due to charging and discharging, the resin particles 135A come into contact with the second positive electrode mixture portion 114c formed in the positive electrode main portion 114, and the resin particles 135B may come into contact with the positive electrode lead 112 provided in the positive electrode edge portion 113 or the protective tape 115 covering the positive electrode lead 112, at least a part of which is provided in the positive electrode edge portion 113.
- the thickness H L of the positive electrode lead 112 and the protective tape 115 is thicker than the thickness H M of the second positive electrode mixture portion 114c in the positive electrode main portion 114.
- the convex portion height h2 of the resin particles 135B is lower than the protruding height h1 of the resin particles 135A, the total thickness when the separator is superimposed on the positive electrode can be made approximately constant between the positive electrode main portion 114 and the positive electrode edge portion 113, as shown in FIG. This prevents the porous substrate layer 133 from bending or folding, and prevents the separator 130 from breaking, even if a compressive stress is applied to the separator.
- a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator the first electrode and the second electrode are stacked with the separator interposed therebetween, the first electrode comprises a strip-shaped current collector and a mixture layer disposed on the current collector, the first electrode has an edge portion including one end portion in a width direction and a main portion other than the edge portion, and the edge portion has an exposed portion where the mixture layer is not formed on a surface of the current collector and the current collector is exposed,
- the separator includes a porous substrate layer and a protective layer containing resin particles and covering the porous substrate layer.
- a secondary battery When the separator is divided into two in the width direction into a first region facing the main portion and a second region facing the edge portion, a secondary battery, wherein an exposed area A1 per resin particle exposed on the surface of the separator in the first region is larger than an exposed area A2 per resin particle exposed on the surface of the separator in the second region.
- the exposed area A1 is 1 ⁇ m 2 or more and 80 ⁇ m 2 or less
- the protective layer has a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic particles, the resin particles are dispersed in the heat-resistant layer, 3.
- the secondary battery according to claim 1 wherein at least a part of the resin particles protrudes from the heat-resistant layer and is exposed on a surface of the separator to form a protrusion.
- Technique 4 The secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein a protruding height of the resin particles exposed in the first region of the separator is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- Technique 5 The secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first electrode is the positive electrode.
- Example 1 [Preparation of Positive Electrode] An appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was added to the positive electrode mixture to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a positive electrode mixture a mixture of a lithium-containing composite oxide as a positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive agent, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder was used.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 was used.
- the mass ratio of the lithium-containing composite oxide to the carbon black and PVDF was 98:1:1.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to both sides of the aluminum foil, which was the positive electrode current collector, and the coating was dried and rolled to form a positive electrode mixture layer, to obtain a positive electrode as shown in FIG. 2.
- the positive electrode slurry was intermittently applied to one end of the short side of the aluminum foil along the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode current collector with a predetermined thickness, dried, and rolled to form a positive electrode edge portion having a first positive electrode mixture portion.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to the positive electrode current collector other than the positive electrode edge portion with a predetermined thickness, dried, and rolled to form a positive electrode main portion having a second positive electrode mixture portion.
- the first positive electrode mixture portion and the second positive electrode mixture portion were rolled simultaneously.
- Eight exposed portions of the positive electrode current collector were provided in the positive electrode edge portion, and a positive electrode lead was attached to each exposed portion.
- the width of the positive electrode edge portion was set to 1/5 of the width of the positive electrode main portion.
- a negative electrode slurry An appropriate amount of water was added to the negative electrode mixture to prepare a negative electrode slurry.
- the mass ratio of the negative electrode active material (the sum of SiO x and graphite), SBR, and CMC was 98:1:1.
- the mass ratio of SiO x and graphite in the negative electrode active material was 5:95.
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to both sides of the copper foil negative electrode current collector, and the coating was allowed to dry. The coating was then rolled using a roller and cut to the specified electrode size, producing a negative electrode in which a negative electrode composite layer was formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector. However, a portion of the other short end of the negative electrode current collector was left exposed.
- a polyethylene porous substrate having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m was prepared.
- ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 powder (inorganic particles) having an average particle size (D50) of 0.8 ⁇ m, acrylic resin particles made of a copolymer of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and styrene, and an acrylic binder (binding agent) were mixed in a solid content mass ratio of 100:6:5, and then an appropriate amount of water was added so that the solid content concentration became 10 mass%, to prepare a slurry for the protective layer.
- a first protective layer slurry containing first acrylic resin particles and a second protective layer slurry containing second acrylic resin particles with an average particle diameter different from that of the first acrylic resin particles were prepared.
- the slurry for the first protective layer was applied to a first region on one side of the porous substrate using a microgravure coater. Then, the slurry for the second protective layer was applied to a second region on one side of the porous substrate using a microgravure coater.
- the first region is the region that faces the main part of the positive electrode when the electrode group is constructed.
- the second region is the region that faces the edge of the positive electrode when the electrode group is constructed.
- the coating film coated with the slurries for the first and second protective layers was heated and dried in an oven at 50°C for 4 hours to produce a separator having a heat-resistant layer and a protective layer having resin particles dispersed within the heat-resistant layer formed on one side of the porous substrate.
- the heat-resistant layer was formed to a thickness of 2 ⁇ m in both the first and second regions.
- VC Vinylene carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- LiPF 6 LiPF 6 was dissolved to prepare an electrolyte.
- the content of VC in the entire electrolyte was 5 mass%.
- the concentration of LiPF 6 in the electrolyte was 1.5 mol/L.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were wound with a separator (a microporous membrane made of polyethylene) interposed therebetween to prepare an electrode group.
- the electrodes were stacked so that the edge of the positive electrode was disposed on one end face side of the electrode group, and the exposed part of the negative electrode current collector was disposed on the other end face side of the electrode group.
- the separator was stacked so that the surface on which the protective layer was formed faced the positive electrode, and the positive electrode and the separator were stacked so that the first region overlapped the main part of the positive electrode, and the second region overlapped the edge of the positive electrode.
- the multiple positive electrode leads are bundled together and electrically connected to the first portion of the first terminal member.
- the exposed portion of the negative electrode current collector was connected to the end surface current collector plate by laser welding, and the end surface current collector plate was electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector plate via a connecting plate.
- the separator was removed from the secondary battery after the charge/discharge test and observed to check the condition of the compression marks near the boundary between the first and second regions.
- Example 2 to 5 Comparative Examples 1 and 2>
- a slurry for the first protective layer and a slurry for the second protective layer were prepared by varying the average particle diameter of the first acrylic resin particles and/or the average particle diameter of the second acrylic resin particles from that in Example 1. Otherwise, the separator was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and a lithium ion secondary battery was completed using the separator.
- Comparative Example 1 a protective layer slurry that did not contain acrylic resin particles was applied to the entire surface of one side of a porous substrate, and the coating was then heated and dried in an oven at 50°C for 4 hours to produce a separator with a 2 ⁇ m-thick protective layer (heat-resistant layer) that did not contain acrylic resin particles formed on one side of the porous substrate, and a lithium-ion secondary battery was completed using the separator.
- Table 1 The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- secondary batteries A1 to A5 correspond to Examples 1 to 5, respectively.
- Secondary batteries B1 and B2 correspond to Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Table 1 the exposed area A1 per resin particle in the first region, the exposed area A2 per resin particle in the second region, and the ratio A1/A2 of exposed area A1 to exposed area A2 for each battery are shown together with the evaluation results.
- the compression marks were evaluated by visually observing the state of the separator near the boundary between the first and second regions. The greater the degree of compression of the separator, the darker the compression marks that appeared.
- the compression marks were classified into two categories, “dark” and “light,” depending on whether or not discoloration of the separator could be visually confirmed.
- "dark” was classified into two categories, “very dark” and “slightly dark,” and "light” was classified into two categories, “very light” and “slightly light,” for a total of four-level evaluation.
- the secondary battery disclosed herein is useful as a main power source for mobile communication devices, portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, etc.
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Abstract
Description
樹脂粒子の突出高さは、保護層が耐熱層を有しない場合、樹脂粒子の平均粒子径に等しい。保護層が耐熱層を有する場合、樹脂粒子の突出高さは、樹脂粒子の平均粒子径から耐熱層の厚みを引いた値に概ね等しくなる。樹脂粒子の平均粒子径および耐熱層の厚みを画像解析から求め、突出高さを導出してもよい。
正極は、帯状の正極集電体と、正極集電体上に配置された正極合剤層を備える。正極合剤層は膜状であってもよい。正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面の一部領域に形成された(もしくは担持された)正極合剤層を有する。具体的には、正極は、正極の短手方向の一端を含む正極縁部と、正極縁部以外の正極要部を有する。正極縁部は、正極集電体の長手方向に沿って間欠的に複数箇所設けられた正極集電体の露出部を有する。正極集電体の露出部は、短手方向の一端から正極要部に至るまで正極合剤層を有さない。
負極は、帯状の負極集電体を備える。負極は、負極集電体と、負極集電体の表面の全体もしくは一部領域に形成された(もしくは担持された)負極合剤層もしくは負極活物質層を有してもよい。負極合剤層もしくは負極活物質層は膜状であってもよい。負極合剤層もしくは負極活物質層は、負極集電体の一方または両方の表面に担持されている。
セパレータは、正極と負極との間に介在する。セパレータは、イオン透過度が高く、適度な機械的強度および絶縁性を備えている。セパレータとしては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等を用いることができる。
電解質は、液状電解質(電解液)でもよく、ゲル状電解質でもよく、固体電解質でもよい。液状電解質は、例えば、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した塩を含む電解液である。電解液における塩の濃度は、例えば、0.5mol/L以上、2mol/L以下である。電解液は、公知の添加剤を含有してもよい。
上記記載によって以下の技術が開示される。
(技術1)
第1電極と、第2電極と、電解質と、セパレータと、を備え、
前記第1電極と、前記第2電極とが、前記セパレータを介して重ねられており、
前記第1電極が、帯状の集電体と、前記集電体上に配置された合剤層と、を備え、
前記第1電極は、幅方向の一方の端部を含む縁部と、前記縁部以外の要部とを有し、前記縁部に、前記集電体の表面に前記合剤層が形成されておらず前記集電体が露出する露出部を有し、
前記セパレータは、多孔質基材層と、樹脂粒子を含んで構成された、前記多孔質基材層を覆う保護層と、を備え、
前記セパレータを、幅方向において2つに分け、前記要部と対向する第1領域と、前記縁部と対向する第2領域と、に分割したときに、
前記第1領域において前記セパレータの表面に露出する前記樹脂粒子1個当たりの露出面積A1が、前記第2領域において前記セパレータの表面に露出する前記樹脂粒子1個当たりの露出面積A2よりも大きい、二次電池。
(技術2)
前記露出面積A1が、1μm2以上80μm2以下であり、
前記露出面積A1の前記露出面積A2に対する比A1/A2が、1.5以上4以下である、技術1に記載の二次電池。
(技術3)
前記保護層は、無機粒子を含む耐熱層を有し、
前記樹脂粒子は、前記耐熱層に分散して存在しており、
前記樹脂粒子の少なくとも一部が前記耐熱層から突出し、前記セパレータの表面に露出して凸部を形成している、技術1または2に記載の二次電池。
(技術4)
前記セパレータの前記第1領域に露出する前記樹脂粒子の突出高さは、0.1μm以上10μm以下である、技術3に記載の二次電池。
(技術5)
前記第1電極は、前記正極である、技術1~4のいずれか1つに記載の二次電池。
[正極の作製]
正極合剤にN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加え、正極スラリーを調製した。正極合剤には、正極活物質であるリチウム含有複合酸化物と、導電剤であるカーボンブラックと、結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)との混合物を用いた。リチウム含有複合酸化物には、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2を用いた。正極合剤において、リチウム含有複合酸化物とカーボンブラックとPVDFとの質量比は、98:1:1とした。
負極合剤に水を適量加え、負極スラリーを調製した。負極合剤には、負極活物質であるSiOx(x=1.0)と、負極活物質である黒鉛と、結着剤であるスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム(SBR)と、増粘剤であるカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)との混合物を用いた。負極合剤において、負極活物質(SiOxと黒鉛の合計)とSBRとCMCとの質量比は、98:1:1とした。負極活物質におけるSiOxと黒鉛の質量比は、5:95とした。
厚み12μmのポリエチレン製の多孔質基材を準備した。平均粒子径(D50)が0.8μmのα-Al2O3粉末(無機粒子)と、2-エチルへキシルアクリレート及びスチレンの共重合体からなるアクリル樹脂粒子と、アクリル系バインダー(結着剤)とを、100:6:5の固形分質量比で混合した後、固形分濃度が10質量%となるように水を適量加えて保護層用スラリーを調製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを1:3の体積比で混合した非水溶媒にビニレンカーボネート(VC)を添加し、LiPF6を溶解させて、電解質を調製した。電解質全体に対するVCの含有率は5質量%とした。電解質中のLiPF6の濃度は1.5mol/Lとした。
不活性ガス雰囲気中で、正極と負極をセパレータ(ポリエチレン製の微多孔膜)介して巻回し、電極群を作製した。正極縁部が電極群の一方の端面側に配置され、負極集電体の露出部を電極群の他方の端面側に配置されるように電極を重ねた。セパレータは、保護層が形成された面が正極と対向するようにし、第1領域が正極要部と重なり、第2領域が正極縁部と重なるように、正極とセパレータとを重ねた。電極群と電解質を用いて、図1に示すような円筒形のリチウムイオン二次電池を完成させた。
各実施例および各比較例の二次電池を作製し、25℃の温度環境下で、0.2Cの定電流充電を行い、電池電圧が4.2Vに到達した段階で、充電電流が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。10分間の休止後、0.2Cの定電流放電を、電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで行った。この充放電を100サイクル行った。
実施例2~5および比較例2では、セパレータの作製において、第1のアクリル樹脂粒子の平均粒子径、および/または、第2のアクリル樹脂粒子の平均粒子径を実施例1から異ならせて、第1の保護層用スラリーおよび第2の保護層用スラリーを調製した。他は実施例1と同様にして、セパレータを作製し、セパレータを用いてリチウムイオン二次電池を完成させた。
11:ケース
12:貫通孔
13:凹部
14:電極群
16:正極端子
17:第1端子部材(端子部材)
17a:第1部分
17b:第2部分
17c:第3部分
18:第2端子部材
19:端面集電板
21:連絡板
22:負極集電板
22a:注入孔
23:封口板
24:絶縁部材
25:絶縁板
26:正極ガスケット
27:負極ガスケット
LM:レーザ痕
110:正極
110a 一端
110b 他端
112 正極リード
112a:折り重ね部
113 正極縁部
113a 正極中央側端部
113b 正極集電体露出部
113c 第1正極合剤部
114 正極要部
114c 第2正極合剤部
115 保護テープ
120:負極
130:セパレータ
131 第1領域
132 第2領域
133 多孔質基材層
134 保護層
135、135A、135B 樹脂粒子
136 耐熱層
Claims (5)
- 第1電極と、第2電極と、電解質と、セパレータと、を備え、
前記第1電極と、前記第2電極とが、前記セパレータを介して重ねられており、
前記第1電極が、帯状の集電体と、前記集電体上に配置された合剤層と、を備え、
前記第1電極は、幅方向の一方の端部を含む縁部と、前記縁部以外の要部とを有し、前記縁部に、前記集電体の表面に前記合剤層が形成されておらず前記集電体が露出する露出部を有し、
前記セパレータは、多孔質基材層と、樹脂粒子を含んで構成された、前記多孔質基材層を覆う保護層と、を備え、
前記セパレータを、幅方向において2つに分け、前記要部と対向する第1領域と、前記縁部と対向する第2領域と、に分割したときに、
前記第1領域において前記セパレータの表面に露出する前記樹脂粒子1個当たりの露出面積A1が、前記第2領域において前記セパレータの表面に露出する前記樹脂粒子1個当たりの露出面積A2よりも大きい、二次電池。 - 前記露出面積A1が、1μm2以上80μm2以下であり、
前記露出面積A1の前記露出面積A2に対する比A1/A2が、1.5以上4以下である、請求項1に記載の二次電池。 - 前記保護層は、無機粒子を含む耐熱層を有し、
前記樹脂粒子は、前記耐熱層に分散して存在しており、
前記樹脂粒子の少なくとも一部が前記耐熱層から突出し、前記セパレータの表面に露出して凸部を形成している、請求項1または2に記載の二次電池。 - 前記セパレータの前記第1領域に露出する前記樹脂粒子の突出高さは、0.1μm以上10μm以下である、請求項3に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第1電極は、前記正極である、請求項1または2に記載の二次電池。
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| WO2013108511A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-25 | ソニー株式会社 | セパレータ、非水電解質電池、電池パック、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置および電力システム |
| WO2020004205A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-02 | 旭化成株式会社 | 微細パタンを有するセパレータ、捲回体および非水電解質電池 |
| WO2020246394A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-10 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 電気化学素子用機能層付きセパレータ、および電気化学素子 |
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| JP2011146252A (ja) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 非水電解質電池及びその製造方法 |
| WO2013108511A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-25 | ソニー株式会社 | セパレータ、非水電解質電池、電池パック、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置および電力システム |
| JP2021501453A (ja) * | 2017-10-30 | 2021-01-14 | アーケマ・インコーポレイテッド | リチウムイオンバッテリーセパレーター |
| WO2020004205A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-02 | 旭化成株式会社 | 微細パタンを有するセパレータ、捲回体および非水電解質電池 |
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| WO2022114228A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | 旭化成株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用セパレータ及びこれを含む蓄電デバイス |
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