WO2024256287A1 - Electric drive device for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric drive device (10), comprising an electric machine (12) having a rotor (16) and a stator (14), two drive elements, specifically the output shaft (34) and a transmission element, and a switching device (38). According to the invention, the switching device has a switchable first freewheel (40) with a first disc body (44) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to one of the drive elements and has first recesses (46), a second disc body (48) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to the other drive element, and first plates (50) which are held in a moveable manner on the second disc body (48), wherein the switchable first freewheel (40) can be switched between a locked state as a first state, and a released state as a second state.

Description

Electric drive device for a motor vehicle

The invention relates to an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a motor vehicle with at least one such electric drive device. The invention also relates to a method for operating such an electric drive device.

DE 102018201 822 A1 discloses an electric drive system for an electrically powered vehicle. DE 102021 123 019 A1 discloses a drive block of an electric motor vehicle drive. Furthermore, US 2018/0231105 A1 discloses a vehicle drive system. In addition, an electric drive for a vehicle is known from DE 10 2021 204 062 A1.

The object of the present invention is to provide an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, a motor vehicle with at least one such electric drive device and a method for operating such an electric drive device, so that a particularly advantageous, extensive functionality of the electric drive device and a particularly fast switching dynamics for the electric drive device can be achieved in a particularly space-saving manner.

This object is achieved by an electric drive device with the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient further developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

A first aspect of the invention relates to an electric drive device for a motor vehicle, also referred to simply as a vehicle. This means that the motor vehicle, which is preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, has the electric drive device and can be driven by means of the electric drive device, in particular purely electrically. For example, the In its fully manufactured state, a motor vehicle has at least or exactly two vehicle axles arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle and thus one behind the other, which are also simply referred to as axles. The respective vehicle axle has at least or exactly two vehicle wheels, which are also simply referred to as wheels. The respective vehicle wheels of the respective vehicle axle are arranged on opposite sides of the motor vehicle in the transverse direction of the motor vehicle. The vehicle wheels of the motor vehicle are ground contact elements by means of which the motor vehicle can be or is supported downwards on a ground in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle. If the motor vehicle is driven along the ground while the motor vehicle is supported downwards on the ground via the ground contact elements in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle, the ground contact elements roll, in particular directly, on the ground. For example, at least or exactly one of the vehicle axles is designed as a drive axle, in particular as an electric drive axle, it being conceivable that both vehicle axles are designed as drive axles. The respective drive axle has, for example, in particular exactly, two electric drive devices according to the invention, namely a first electric drive device and a second electric drive device according to the invention. A first of the electric drive devices is assigned to a first of the vehicle wheels of the drive axle, and the second electric drive device of the drive axle is assigned to a second of the vehicle wheels of the drive axle, wherein the first vehicle wheel can be driven, in particular purely electrically, by means of the first electric drive device, in particular by bypassing the second vehicle wheel, and wherein the second vehicle wheel can be driven, in particular purely electrically, by means of the second electric drive device, in particular by bypassing the first vehicle wheel. Thus, for example, a so-called electric dual drive can be provided. When the electric drive device is mentioned above and below, this means, unless otherwise stated, both the first electric drive device and the second electric drive device. The respective vehicle wheel that can be driven by means of the respective electric drive device is also referred to as the drive wheel or driven vehicle wheel.

The electric drive device has an electric machine which has a rotor and a stator. For example, the rotor can be driven by means of the stator and can thus be rotated about a machine axis of rotation relative to the stator. In particular, the electric machine can be driven via its rotor Provide drive torques by means of which the respective vehicle wheel, thus the respective drive wheel, can be driven, in particular purely electrically.

The electric drive device also has an output shaft, which can be rotated about a shaft rotation axis relative to the housing, for example. In particular, it is conceivable that the output shaft is arranged coaxially to the electric machine and thus coaxially to the rotor, so that the shaft rotation axis preferably coincides with the machine rotation axis. In particular, at least one gear element is provided which, when it is not connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner, can be rotated about a main rotation axis relative to the housing, wherein the gear element and further gear elements provided in the electric drive device are preferably arranged coaxially to one another. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the gear element and the further gear elements provided in the electric drive device are arranged coaxially to the output shaft and/or coaxially to the electric machine, so that the main rotation axis preferably coincides with the shaft rotation axis and/or with the machine rotation axis. The electric drive device has at least two drive elements, namely the output shaft and at least the gear element. In other words, at least the output shaft and the gear element are provided as drive elements of the electric drive device.

The electric drive device also has a switching device, for example one that can be actuated electromagnetically, which can be switched between at least two switching positions, namely a first switching state and a second switching state. In principle, hydraulic or purely electromechanical actuation is also conceivable. In the first switching state, for example, a transmission element is connected to the output shaft in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the switching device. In the second switching state, for example, the output shaft is decoupled from both the housing and the transmission element and is therefore rotatable relative to the housing and relative to the transmission element, in particular about the shaft rotation axis and/or about the main rotation axis.

In order to be able to realize a particularly advantageous, in particular extensive, functionality of the electric drive device in a particularly space-saving manner, it is provided according to the invention that the switching device has a first freewheel, for example electromagnetically switchable, which has a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed, connection with one of the drive elements, in particular with the gear element, coupled, in particular rotationally connected to the gear element, first disk body which has first recesses. The first freewheel has a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally coupled, to the other drive element, in particular with the output shaft, in particular rotationally connected to the output shaft, second disk body which is preferably arranged coaxially to the first disk body. In addition, the first freewheel has first plates which are held movably, in particular pivotably, on the second disk body, which are also referred to as first locking bodies or are first locking bodies of the first freewheel. The first freewheel can be switched, for example electromagnetically, between a locking state and a release state. The locking state is a first state or is also referred to as the first state, and the release state is a second state or is also referred to as the second state. In the locked state, the first plates can be or are inserted into the first recesses, whereby in the locked state the first disk body is secured against rotation about an axis of rotation in a first direction of rotation relative to the second disk body, so that in the locked state the second disk body can be driven by the first disk body in the first direction of rotation via the first plates and can therefore be rotated in the first direction of rotation about the axis of rotation relative to the housing. In particular, it is provided that in the locked state such a movement of the first plates relative to the locking bodies is permitted that the first plates can be or are inserted into the first recesses. In particular, it is conceivable that the disk bodies are arranged coaxially to one another. The axis of rotation preferably coincides with the shaft axis of rotation and/or with the main axis of rotation and/or with the machine axis of rotation, so that the disk bodies are preferably arranged coaxially to the output shaft and/or coaxially to the gear elements and/or coaxially to the electric machine, thus coaxially to the rotor. In the release state, the first plates cannot be inserted into the first recesses, whereby the first disk body can be rotated in the first direction of rotation about the axis of rotation relative to the second disk body and preferably also relative to the housing. The first freewheel is active by, for example, electromagnetically controlling the switching device and can therefore be switched from one of the states to the other state and preferably from the other state to one state. The first freewheel can therefore be switched between the locked state and the release state as required. The switching device also has a self-triggering and thus passive second freewheel, which has a third disk body that is coupled to a first of the drive elements, in particular the transmission element, in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed manner, and is in particular rotationally fixedly connected to the transmission element, wherein the third disk body preferably has second recesses. The second freewheel has a fourth disk body that is coupled to a second of the drive elements, in particular the output shaft, in a torque-transmitting, in particular rotationally fixed manner, and is in particular rotationally fixedly connected to the output shaft, and is preferably arranged coaxially to the third disk body. The third disk body and the fourth disk body are preferably arranged coaxially to one another, wherein it is preferably provided that the third disk body and the fourth disk body are arranged coaxially to the output shaft and/or coaxially to the transmission elements and/or coaxially to the electric machine, and thus coaxially to the rotor. The second freewheel automatically, i.e. without being actively controlled, secures the third disk body against rotation around the axis of rotation in a second direction of rotation relative to the fourth disk body that is opposite to the first direction of rotation, by means of second plates of the second freewheel, the second plates of which are held on the fourth disk body in a movable, in particular pivotable, manner, for example, whereby the fourth disk body can be driven by the third disk body in the second direction of rotation via the second plates and can therefore be rotated in the second direction of rotation around the axis of rotation relative to the housing. The second freewheel automatically and thus, without being actively controlled, releases the third disk body for rotation in the first direction of rotation around the first axis of rotation relative to the fourth disk body. This makes it possible to achieve advantageous, in particular extensive functionality and technically simple and fast switching of the electric drive device in a particularly space-saving, weight-saving and cost-effective manner.

The gear element and the output shaft are rotatable, for example, about a respective element rotation axis relative to the housing, in particular when they are not connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner. The element rotation axes preferably coincide, wherein the element rotation axes preferably coincide with the machine rotation axis. The element rotation axis belonging to the gear element is preferably the main rotation axis, and the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft is preferably the shaft rotation axis. The element rotation axes coincide, for example, so that the output shaft and the gear element are preferably arranged coaxially to one another. Furthermore, it is preferably It is provided that the respective element axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation of the respective disk body, so that the drive elements are preferably arranged coaxially to one another and/or coaxially to the disk bodies, which are preferably arranged coaxially to one another. The third disk body is preferably arranged coaxially to the first disk body and coaxially to the second disk body. The fourth disk body is preferably arranged coaxially to the first disk body and coaxially to the second disk body. The first disk body and the third disk body are preferably connected to one another, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner. The second disk body and the fourth disk body are preferably connected to one another, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner. The first disk body and the third disk body are preferably formed integrally with one another, thus made from a single piece. This is to be understood as meaning that the first disk body and the third disk body are preferably not formed as parts formed separately from one another and joined together, but rather the first disk body and the third disk body are preferably formed integrally with one another, i.e. formed from a single piece and thus formed by a body made integrally, thus from a single piece and thus formed as a monoblock. Preferably, the second disk body and the fourth disk body are integrally formed with one another, thus formed from a single piece. It is therefore preferably provided that the second disk body and the fourth disk body are not formed as parts that are formed separately from one another and thus joined together, but rather the second disk body and the fourth disk body are preferably integrally formed with one another, thus formed from a single piece and thus formed by an integral and thus one-piece, thus one-piece, monoblock. Preferably, the output shaft is arranged coaxially to the transmission element. Preferably, the disk bodies are arranged coaxially to one another and coaxially to the drive elements.

The first plates are, for example, movable, in particular pivotable, held on the second disk body and are thereby, for example, connected to the disk body in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the axis of rotation around which the disk bodies are connected to the disk body in a rotationally fixed manner when they are not connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner. The first plates are first locking bodies of the first freewheel or are also referred to as the first locking bodies of the freewheel. In the case of torques that act on the first disk body in the first rotational direction around the axis of rotation in the locked state of the first freewheel, the first plates can be inserted into the first recesses. or inserted and remain in particular in the first recesses, as a result of which the first disk body entrains the second disk body in the first direction of rotation via the first plates and thus drives it, in particular when the first disk body is driven by means of the aforementioned torques acting on the first disk body in the locked state about the axis of rotation in the first direction of rotation. In the case of torques which act on the second disk body in the locked state of the first freewheel about the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation and thus, for example, drive the second disk body about the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation and thus rotate it about the axis of rotation relative to the housing in the second direction of rotation, the first plates can be inserted or are inserted into the first recesses and remain in particular in the first recesses, as a result of which the second disk body entrains the first disk body in the second direction of rotation via the first plates and thus drives it, thus rotating it about the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing.

In the release state, the first plates are prevented from being inserted into the first recesses, and thus from being moved into the first recesses, for example magnetically and/or electrically and/or mechanically, for example by spring force. As a result, the first disk body cannot drive the second disk body in the first direction of rotation via the first plates, nor can the second disk body drive the first disk body in the second direction of rotation via the first plates.

The second plates are, for example, in particular permanently, subjected to a force so that the second plates can be inserted, in particular permanently, into the second recesses and thus can be moved into the second recesses. The force mentioned is, for example, a magnetic force and/or a spring force, wherein the spring force acts, for example, in the respective second plate itself, for example by the respective second plate being elastically deformed, in particular in itself. Alternatively or additionally, the spring force is provided by a spring device provided in particular in addition to the second plate, wherein the spring force acts, for example, in particular from outside, on the respective second plate.

In order to be able to advantageously support particularly high forces and/or torques, for example, both by means of the first plates and by means of the second plates, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the first Recesses and the second recesses are arranged at the same height, in particular on the same diameter or radius, when viewed in the radial direction of the drive device. This makes it possible to arrange both the first plates and the second plates on a particularly large diameter relative to the axis of rotation, so that particularly high torques can be supported. In addition, a large number of plates can be used. For example, it is provided that the first plates and the second plates are arranged alternately one after the other when viewed in the circumferential direction of the drive device around the axis of rotation. This makes it possible to provide particularly advantageous support.

The second plates are, for example, movable, in particular pivotable, held on the fourth disk body and are thereby connected to the fourth disk body in a rotationally fixed manner, for example with respect to the axis of rotation. The second plates are second locking bodies of the second freewheel or are also connected as second locking bodies of the second freewheel. In the case of torques that act on the third disk body about the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation and thereby, for example, rotate the third disk body about the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing, the second plates can be inserted or are inserted into the second recesses and remain in particular in the second recesses, whereby the third disk body takes the fourth disk body in the second direction of rotation via the second plates and thus drives it, thus rotating it about the axis of rotation relative to the housing in the second direction of rotation. In the case of torques which act on the third disk body in the first direction of rotation, in particular in the release state around the axis of rotation and thereby, for example, rotate the third disk body around the axis of rotation relative to the housing in the first direction of rotation, and for example in the case of torques which act on the fourth disk body in the second direction of rotation, in particular in the release state of the first freewheel, around the axis of rotation and thus rotate the fourth disk body in the second direction of rotation, in particular relative to the housing around the axis of rotation, the second plates can be laid out from the second recesses, in particular as a result of or during a relative rotation between the third disk body and the fourth disk body around the axis of rotation and in the release state of the first freewheel, so that in particular in the release state of the first freewheel the third disk body can be rotated around the axis of rotation in the first direction of rotation relative to the fourth disk body and so that in particular in the release state of the first freewheel the fourth disk body can be rotated around the axis of rotation in the second direction of rotation relative to the third disk body. In particular, when the respective plates of the respective freewheel are inserted into the respective associated recesses of the respective freewheel and thus engage, the respective disc bodies of the respective freewheel interact in a particularly form-fitting manner via the respective plates of the respective freewheel, whereby, as described above, one of the respective disc bodies of the respective freewheel can be driven about the axis of rotation in the respective direction of rotation to the other disc body of the respective freewheel.

In the release state of the first freewheel, for example, the output shaft can be driven by the gear element via the second freewheel about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, in particular about the shaft axis of rotation, in the second direction of rotation and can thereby be rotated relative to the housing about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, which is for example the shaft axis of rotation, in the second direction of rotation, since when the gear element, in particular by means of the rotor, in the release state of the first freewheel, is driven about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element, which is for example the main axis of rotation, in the second direction of rotation and can thereby be rotated about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element, which is in particular the main axis of rotation, in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing, the gear element takes the output shaft with it via the second freewheel and can thus be rotated in the second direction of rotation about the associated element axis of rotation, the i.e., it rotates relative to the housing around the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft, which is, for example, the shaft rotation axis. In this way, for example, in the release state, the rotor can rotate the output shaft in the second direction of rotation via the gear element and the second freewheel around the associated element rotation axis, i.e. around the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft and in particular around the shaft rotation axis relative to the housing, whereby, for example, the vehicle wheel (drive wheel) that can be driven by means of the drive device and is thus assigned to the drive device can be rotated relative to the housing around a wheel rotation axis in a first wheel rotation direction. In this way, for example, in the release state, the vehicle (motor vehicle) can be driven and thus driven in a first direction of movement running in the vehicle's longitudinal direction and thus driven. The first direction of movement runs, for example, in the vehicle's longitudinal direction from the rear to the front. front, so that the vehicle can be powered by the electric motor and thus driven forward.

In the release state of the first freewheel, the transmission element is rotatable about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the transmission element, which is, for example, the main axis of rotation, in the first direction of rotation relative to the output shaft and preferably also relative to the housing, without driving the output shaft about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, which is, for example, the shaft axis of rotation, in the first direction of rotation. If, in the release state of the first freewheel, the third gear element were driven, in particular by means of the rotor, about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element in the first direction of rotation and thereby rotated about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing, the gear element would rotate about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element in the first direction of rotation relative to the output shaft without driving the output shaft in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, since in the release state the output shaft cannot be driven in the first direction of rotation by the gear element about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation either via the first freewheel or via the second freewheel. In other words, in the release state, for example, torques which are intended or designed to drive the output shaft in the first direction of rotation cannot be transmitted from the transmission element to the output shaft via the first freewheel or the second freewheel.

In the release state of the first freewheel, for example, the output shaft can be rotated about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation relative to the transmission element and preferably also relative to the housing, without driving the transmission element about the element rotation axis (main axis of rotation) belonging to the transmission element in the second direction of rotation. If in the release state of the first freewheel the output shaft, in particular by means of the vehicle wheel, were driven about the associated element rotation axis (shaft rotation axis) belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation and thereby rotated about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing, the output shaft would rotate about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation relative to the transmission element. without driving the gear element in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element, since in the release state the gear element cannot be driven in the second direction of rotation by the output shaft about the element axis of rotation belonging to the gear element in the second direction of rotation either via the first freewheel or via the second freewheel. In other words, for example, in the release state, torques generated for driving the gear element in the second direction of rotation cannot be transmitted from the output shaft to the gear element either via the first freewheel or via the second freewheel. If, for example, in the release state of the first freewheel the vehicle rolls in the first direction of movement without being driven by the rotor, i.e. without being driven by the electric machine, for example by the vehicle rolling down a slope in the first direction of movement, the vehicle wheel drives the output shaft about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation, whereby the output shaft is rotated about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft (shaft axis of rotation) in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing. However, the output shaft does not drive the transmission element about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third transmission element (main axis of rotation) in the second direction of rotation, so that the output shaft does not drag the transmission element and thus the rotor along. Thus, for example, in or through the release state of the first freewheel a neutral state, also designated N, is set, i.e. activated.

In the release state of the first freewheel, for example, the gear element can be driven by the output shaft via the second freewheel about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element (main axis of rotation) in the first direction of rotation and can therefore be rotated relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation. If, for example, in particular viewed theoretically or hypothetically, in the release state of the first freewheel, the output shaft is driven, in particular by means of the vehicle wheel, about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft (shaft axis of rotation) in the first direction of rotation and is therefore rotated about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing, then the output shaft takes the gear element with it via the second freewheel, as a result of which the gear element is rotated in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element relative to the housing, i.e. is rotated along with it. This occurs, especially theoretically or hypothetically, for example when the vehicle (motor vehicle) is travelling in a direction running in the vehicle's longitudinal direction and the first direction of movement opposite, second direction of movement and thus, for example, rolls backwards down a slope, in particular without the gear element being driven by the rotor, i.e. by means of the electric machine. As a result, for example, the vehicle wheel rotates about the wheel axis of rotation in a second wheel direction of rotation opposite to the first wheel direction of rotation, in particular relative to the housing, as a result of which the vehicle wheel drives the output shaft about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation and thereby rotates relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation. In this case, the output shaft takes the gear element with it via the second freewheel, which is thus rotated about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing.

In particular, it is conceivable that in the release state the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element in the second direction of rotation about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation (shaft axis of rotation) belonging to the output shaft, in the release state of the first freewheel, or that in the release state of the first freewheel, the third gear element can be driven by the output shaft in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element, in the release state, for example, and preferably also in the lock state, no torques acting in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element can be transmitted from the third gear element to the output shaft via the first freewheel, and since, for example, in the release state, and preferably also in the lock state, no torques acting in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft can be transmitted from the output shaft to the gear element via the first freewheel.

In the blocking state of the first freewheel, for example, as in the release state, the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element via the second freewheel about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft (shaft axis of rotation) in the second direction of rotation and can thus be rotated relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation, since when the gear element, in particular by means of the rotor, in the release state of the first freewheel about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element Element rotation axis (main rotation axis) is driven in the second direction of rotation and is thereby rotated about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing, the gear element takes the output shaft along with it via the second freewheel and thus rotates in the second direction of rotation about the element rotation axis belonging to the output shaft relative to the housing, that is to say rotates along with it.

In the locked state of the first freewheel, for example, the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element via the first freewheel about the element axis of rotation (shaft axis of rotation) belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation and can therefore be rotated relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation (shaft axis of rotation) belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation, since when the gear element, in particular by means of the rotor, is driven in the locked state of the first freewheel about the element axis of rotation (main axis of rotation) belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation and is therefore rotated about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing, the gear element takes the output shaft with it via the first freewheel and thus rotates in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation (shaft axis of rotation) belonging to the output shaft relative to the housing, i.e. rotates with it. As a result, for example, in the locked state, the rotor can rotate the output shaft about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft relative to the housing in the first direction of rotation via the gear element and the second freewheel, whereby, for example, the vehicle wheel can be rotated relative to the housing about the wheel axis of rotation in the second wheel direction of rotation. As a result, for example, in the locked state, the vehicle can be driven and thus driven in the second direction of movement and thus driven, so that, for example, the vehicle can be driven backwards, i.e. driven backwards.

In the locked state of the first freewheel, for example, the transmission element can be driven by the output shaft via the first freewheel about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third transmission element (main axis of rotation) in the second direction of rotation and can thus be rotated relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third transmission element in the second direction of rotation. If, for example, in the locked state of the first freewheel, the output shaft is driven, in particular by means of the vehicle wheel (drive wheel), about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation and can thus be rotated about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft If the element rotation axis is rotated in the second direction of rotation relative to the housing, the output shaft takes the gear element along with it via the first freewheel, whereby the gear element is rotated in the second direction of rotation about the element rotation axis belonging to the third gear element relative to the housing, i.e. is rotated along with it. As a result, for example, the gear element can drive the rotor and thus the electric machine, which can thereby be operated in generator mode and thus as a generator. This occurs, for example, when the vehicle rolls in the first direction of movement and thus, for example, forwards, without being driven by the electric machine. As a result, a recuperation mode, and thus recuperation, can be implemented, wherein in the recuperation mode, i.e. during recuperation, the electric machine is driven via the rotor, the gear element, the first freewheel and the output shaft by the vehicle wheel and thus by means of kinetic energy of the motor vehicle, in particular as it rolls forwards. The kinetic energy of the motor vehicle is converted by means of the generator into electrical energy, which can or will be provided, for example, by the generator. The electrical energy provided by the generator can be stored, for example, in an electrical energy storage device of the motor vehicle, also referred to as a battery, wherein the electrical energy storage device is preferably a high-voltage component whose electrical voltage, in particular electrical operating or nominal voltage, is preferably greater than 50 volts, in particular greater than 60 volts, and very preferably amounts to several 100 volts.

In the release state of the first freewheel, for example, as in the release state, the gear element can be driven by the output shaft via the second freewheel about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element (main axis of rotation) in the first direction of rotation and can therefore be rotated relative to the housing about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation. If, for example, in the release state of the first freewheel, in particular viewed theoretically or hypothetically, the output shaft is driven, in particular by means of the vehicle wheel, about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation and is therefore rotated about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing, then the output shaft takes the gear element with it via the second freewheel, whereby the gear element is rotated, i.e. rotated along, in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element relative to the housing. In particular, it is conceivable that in the locked state, as in the released state, the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element in the second direction of rotation about the associated element axis of rotation, i.e. about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, in relation to the freewheels exclusively via the second freewheel, or that in the released state of the first freewheel, the gear element can be driven by the output shaft in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element, in relation to the freewheels exclusively via the second freewheel, since, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in a released state, no torques acting in the second direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element can be transmitted from the third gear element to the output shaft via the first freewheel, and since, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state, no torques acting in the first direction of rotation about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft can be transmitted from the output shaft to the gear element via the first freewheel.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that in the locked state the output shaft can be driven by the third gear element in the first direction of rotation in relation to the freewheels exclusively via the first freewheel about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft, or that in the locked state of the first freewheel the gear element can be driven by the output shaft in the second direction of rotation in relation to the freewheels exclusively via the first freewheel about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element, since, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state via the second freewheel, no torques acting about the element axis of rotation belonging to the third gear element in the first direction of rotation can be transmitted from the third gear element to the output shaft and since, for example, in the locked state and preferably also in the released state via the second freewheel, no torques acting about the element axis of rotation belonging to the output shaft in the second direction of rotation can be transmitted from the output shaft to the gear element, and therefore cannot be transmitted.

Thus, it is particularly conceivable that in the locked state of the first freewheel, the first disk body and the second disk body are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular both in a first effective direction running around the axis of rotation and in a second effective direction running around the axis of rotation and opposite to the first effective direction. Preferably, the respective effective direction coincides with the respective Element rotation axis. Furthermore, it is thus conceivable that in the locked state the third disk body and the fourth disk body are rotationally connected to one another, both in the first effective direction and in the second effective direction. In particular, it is provided that in the locked state of the first freewheel the gear element is rotationally connected to the output shaft. In particular, for example in or through the locked state of the first freewheel a driving state also designated D is set, i.e. activated. It is thus conceivable that, for example, the first switching state is the driving state designated D, and for example the second switching state is the neutral state designated N.

In the context of the present disclosure, the feature that two components, such as the drive elements in the locked state of the first freewheel, i.e. the gear element and the output shaft, are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, is to be understood as meaning that the components connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner are arranged coaxially to one another and, in particular when the components are driven, rotate together or simultaneously about a component rotation axis common to the components, such as the respective element rotation axis, at the same angular velocity, in particular relative to the housing. The feature that two components, such as the first drive element and the third disk body, are connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner is to be understood as meaning that the components are coupled or connected to one another in such a way that torques can be transmitted between the components, wherein when the components are connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, the components are also connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner.

The feature that two components such as the first drive element and the third disk body are permanently connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner is to be understood as meaning that a switching element is not provided which can be switched between a coupling state that connects or couples the components to one another in a torque-transmitting manner and a decoupling state in which no torque can be transmitted between the components via the switching element, but rather the components are always and therefore permanently torque-transmitting, i.e. connected or coupled to one another in such a way that a torque can be transmitted between the components. For example, one of the components can be driven by the other component or vice versa.

In particular, the feature that two components such as the gear element with the output shaft are permanently connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally stable manner is to be understood as meaning that a switching element is not provided which can be switched between a coupling state that connects or couples the components to one another in a rotationally stable manner and an uncoupling state in which the components are uncoupled from one another and can be rotated relative to one another so that no torque can be transmitted between the components, but rather the components are always or always, and therefore permanently, connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally stable manner. Furthermore, the feature that two components can be connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally stable manner is to be understood as meaning that the components are assigned a switching element which can be switched between at least one coupling state and at least one uncoupling state. In the coupling state, the components are connected or coupled to one another in a rotationally stable manner by means of the assigned switching element. In the uncoupling state, the components are uncoupled from one another so that in the uncoupling state the components can be rotated relative to one another about the component rotation axis. The same applies to the feature that two components can be connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner. Thus, for example, the feature that two components can be connected or coupled to one another in a torque-transmitting manner means that the components are assigned a switching element that can be switched between at least one connection state and at least one release state. In the connection state, the components are coupled or connected to one another in a torque-transmitting manner by means of the switching element, so that torques can be transmitted between the components via the switching element. In the release state, the components are decoupled from one another, so that in the release state no torque can be transmitted between the components via the switching element.

In one embodiment of the invention, the electric drive device also has a planetary gear, via which the drive wheel can be driven by the rotor, which can be driven by the electric machine, in particular purely electrically. The planetary gear has, in particular, at least or exactly three gear elements, namely a sun gear, a ring gear and a planet carrier, which is also referred to as a web. Planetary gears of the planetary gear are attached to the planet carrier. held rotatably, with the planet gears forming a planetary gear set. The respective planet gear meshes, for example, with the sun gear and with the ring gear, with meshing of the sun gear with the ring gear in particular not occurring, and therefore not being provided. A first of the gear elements is, in particular permanently, connected to the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner. For example, the first gear element is the sun gear. A second of the gear elements is, in particular permanently, connected to a housing of the electric drive device, with the second gear element preferably being the ring gear. The electric drive device also has an output shaft, which is provided in particular in addition to the gear elements and which is, for example, rotatable about a shaft rotation axis relative to the housing. In particular, it is conceivable that the output shaft is arranged coaxially to the electric machine and thus coaxially to the rotor, so that the shaft rotation axis preferably coincides with the machine rotation axis. In particular, the respective gear element, when it is not rotationally fixedly connected to the housing, is rotatable about a main rotation axis relative to the housing, with the gear elements preferably being arranged coaxially to one another. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the gear elements are arranged coaxially to the output shaft and/or coaxially to the electric machine, so that the main axis of rotation preferably coincides with the shaft axis of rotation and/or with the machine axis of rotation. The electric drive device has two drive elements, namely the output shaft and the third gear element. In other words, the output shaft and the third gear element are the drive elements of the electric drive device.

The self-releasing, second freewheel enables spontaneous engagement or activation of driving state D. It is advantageous to orient the second plates of the second, self-releasing freewheel in such a way that the second plates of the self-releasing freewheel lock in a traction mode when the motor vehicle is driving forward, i.e. when the motor vehicle is driving forward in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, which enables spontaneous acceleration and spontaneous engagement of driving state D, in particular in comparison to a switching element such as a claw clutch or a switchable freewheel element, which must be actively engaged by means of an actuating device. In order to be able to realize a particularly compact design, it is provided in an advantageous embodiment of the invention that the second plates are arranged in the fourth disk body and are inserted into the can be inserted into the second recesses of the third disc body provided for this purpose.

A further embodiment is characterized in that the second self-triggering freewheel is arranged radially within the first switchable freewheel, thus in the radial direction of the drive device and thus of the electric machine, further inside than the first switchable freewheel, which allows a particularly compact design to be presented. The radial direction of the drive device of the electric machine runs perpendicular to the machine's axis of rotation. In particular, this allows the switching device to be designed to be very narrow, for example disc-shaped, particularly in the axial direction and thus along the machine's axis of rotation, so that a particularly space-efficient design can be presented.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first gear element is a sun gear, the second gear element is a ring gear and the third gear element is the planet carrier, also referred to as a web. This makes it possible to have a particularly compact design of the drive device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first disk body and/or the third disk body is connected, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner to the third gear element and is arranged axially adjacent to the planetary gears, and thus to the planetary gear set. This allows the installation space requirement of the drive device to be kept to a particularly small extent. In order to be able to switch the first freewheel between the states as required and in a particularly space-saving manner, in a further embodiment of the invention the switching device has an actuator that can be actuated electromagnetically, for example, and a sliding element that has axially directed compression springs, i.e. those that run in the axial direction of the electric drive device and thus of the electric machine, which each rest against the first plate of the first freewheel, with the compression springs protruding into windows provided for this purpose in the second disk body of the first freewheel.

A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the second disk body is mounted radially and in particular rotatably on a rotor shaft of the rotor on the one hand and on the housing on the other hand, whereby a particularly compact design can be ensured. In order to be able to realize a particularly advantageous, in particular extensive, functionality of the electric drive device in a particularly space-saving manner, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the switching device has a switchable third freewheel, which can be switched between a third state and a fourth state. The third state is a second locking state, in which the output shaft is connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the third freewheel. The fourth state is a second release state, in which the output shaft can be rotated in at least or exactly one of the directions of rotation relative to the housing. In other words, in the third state (second locking state), the output shaft is connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the third freewheel, so that in particular the output shaft can be rotated about the shaft rotation axis in neither the first direction of rotation nor the second direction of rotation relative to the housing. In the fourth state (second release state), the output shaft can be rotated in particular about its shaft rotation axis or about the rotation axis in at least or exactly one of the directions of rotation, in particular in both directions of rotation, relative to the housing. Thus, for example, in or by the second locking state, a parking state also designated P is activated, i.e. engaged. In the parking state P, the shaft and thus the vehicle wheel are secured against rotation relative to the housing, creating a parking lock which is engaged, i.e. activated, in the second locking state. If the parking lock is engaged, the motor vehicle is secured against unwanted rolling away, which is particularly advantageous when the motor vehicle is parked on or on a slope. In the second release state, the third freewheel allows relative rotations between the output shaft and the housing, in particular via the shaft rotation axis and preferably both in the first direction of rotation and in the second direction of rotation, so that the motor vehicle can roll and in particular be driven as described above. The invention enables a particularly space-efficient implementation of the parking lock.

The third freewheel has, for example, third plates which can be inserted, for example, in a first angular position to one of the directions of rotation into third recesses provided for this purpose in a fifth disk body. Furthermore, the third freewheel has, for example, fourth plates which can be inserted, for example, in a second angular position to the other direction of rotation opposite to one direction of rotation into fourth recesses provided for this purpose in the fifth disk body. The plates of the freewheels are or act as the locking body of the freewheel, by means of which a particularly advantageous, rotationally fixed connection of the drive elements to the housing via the disk bodies can be achieved. In particular, the plates of the third freewheel enable a particularly high and in particular radially symmetrical torque transmission, in particular by distributing a force or a torque to the multiple plates of the third freewheel, in particular in comparison to a classic parking lock when the parking lock is engaged with only one tooth contact. As a result, when the parking lock is engaged in the invention, particularly high parking lock loads can also be transmitted or supported, so that the motor vehicle can be secured particularly advantageously against possible rolling away. In addition, the invention enables a particularly advantageous positioning of the parking lock on an output of the drive device, so that an external actuation of the parking lock, and thus of the gearshift, can be achieved in a simple manner.

The switchable third freewheel is arranged, for example, at least substantially in an axial region of the switchable first freewheel and radially outside the switchable first freewheel. The fifth disk body is, for example, attached axially next to the ring gear, in particular via a spline, to the housing and is connected to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner. The fifth disk body is arranged, for example, at least substantially in an axial region of the first disk body and radially outside the first disk body.

The sliding element has, for example, axially directed second compression springs, which each rest against the third plate of the third freewheel, wherein the second compression springs protrude into windows provided for this purpose in the second disk body.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle, also referred to simply as a vehicle and preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, which has at least one electric drive device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the motor vehicle preferably has at least or exactly two electric drive devices according to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention and vice versa. A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an electric drive device according to the first aspect of the invention. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect and the second aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the third aspect of the invention and vice versa.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and/or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respective combination specified, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the invention.

The drawing shows in:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an electric drive device for a motor vehicle;

Fig. 2 shows a partial schematic longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the electric drive device;

Fig. 3 shows a partial schematic longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the electric drive device; and

Fig. 4 shows partial schematic sectional views of an optionally provided freewheel of the electric drive device.

In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with identical reference symbols.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electric drive device 10 for a motor vehicle, also referred to simply as a vehicle. Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the drive device 10, and Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the drive device 10. For example, in Fig. 1 the second Embodiment shown schematically. The electric drive device 10 has an electric machine 12, which is designed, for example, as an axial flux motor, and thus as an axial flux machine (AFM). The electric machine 12 has a stator 14 and a rotor 16, which can be driven by means of the stator 14 and can therefore be rotated about a machine axis of rotation relative to the stator 14. The machine axis of rotation coincides with a main axis of rotation 18, which is also simply referred to as the axis of rotation. In the fully manufactured state of the motor vehicle, for example, the drive device 10 is assigned to at least or exactly one vehicle wheel 20, which is also simply referred to as a wheel and is shown particularly schematically in Fig. 1, which is also referred to as the drive wheel and can be driven by means of the electric drive device 10, in particular purely electrically. The drive device 10 has a planetary gear 22, via which the vehicle wheel 20, which is also referred to as the drive wheel, can be driven by means of the electric machine 12, in particular purely electrically. The drive device 10 also has a housing 24, which is shown particularly schematically in Fig. 1, wherein, for example, the planetary gear 22 is arranged in the housing 24. In particular, it can be seen that the stator 14 is connected to the housing 24 in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular permanently.

The planetary gear 22 has three gear elements, namely a sun gear 26, a ring gear 28 and a planet carrier 30, also simply referred to as a web. In the embodiments shown in the figures, the sun gear 26 is a first of the gear elements, the ring gear 28 is a second of the gear elements and the planet carrier 30 is the third gear element of the planetary gear 22. The planetary gear 22 also has planet gears, of which one planet gear is shown particularly schematically in Fig. 1 and is designated 32. The respective planet gear 32 is rotatably held, in particular mounted, on the planet carrier 30. The drive device 10 also has an output shaft 34 provided in addition to the gear elements, which can be rotated about a shaft axis relative to the housing 24 when the output shaft 34, which is also simply referred to as a shaft, is not connected to the housing 24 in a rotationally fixed manner. The shaft rotation axis coincides with the main rotation axis 18, so that when the output shaft 34 is not connected to the housing 24 in a rotationally fixed manner, the output shaft 34 can rotate about the main rotation axis 18 relative to the housing 24. The vehicle wheel 20 can be driven by the output shaft 34, so that the vehicle wheel 20 can be driven by the planetary gear 22 via the output shaft 34. The planetary gear 22 can be driven by the rotor 16. From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the sun gear 26 (first gear element), in particular permanently, rotationally connected to the rotor 16, in particular a rotor shaft 36 of the rotor 16. The ring gear 28 (second gear element) is, in particular permanently, rotationally connected to the housing 24. The output shaft 34 and the planet carrier 30 (third gear element) are output elements of the electric drive device 10.

The drive device 10 also has a switching device 38, which can be actuated in particular electromagnetically and which, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, can be switched between three switching states, namely a first switching state D, a second switching state N and a third switching state P. The first switching state D is also referred to as the driving state, the second switching state N is also referred to as the neutral state, and the third switching state P is also referred to as the parking state, in which a parking lock, in particular a mechanical one, is created. If the parking lock, in particular a mechanical one, is engaged, and thus the switching state P is activated, the vehicle wheel 20 is mechanically secured against rotations relative to the housing 24, so that the motor vehicle is secured against undesired rolling away.

In the first embodiment of the drive device 10 shown in Fig. 2, the switching device 38 can be switched over with respect to the switching states D, N and P exclusively between the switching state D (driving state) and the switching state N (neutral state), so that in the second embodiment the parking lock is not implemented.

In the first embodiment, the switching device 38 has a switchable first freewheel 40 and a self-triggering and thus passive second freewheel 42. The switchable first freewheel 40 has a first disk body 44 with first recesses 46, which is connected, in particular, permanently and non-rotatably to the planet carrier 30. Furthermore, the freewheel 40 has a second disk body 48, which is connected, in particular, permanently and non-rotatably to the output shaft 34. The freewheel 40 also comprises first plates 50 which are held movably, in particular pivotably, on the second disk body 48. The first freewheel 40 can be switched between a blocking state as the first state and a release state, also referred to as the first release state, as the second state, in particular by actively and in particular electromagnetically controlling or operating the switching device 38. In the blocking state, which is also referred to as the first blocking state, the first plates 50 can be or are inserted into the corresponding, first recesses 46 of the disk body 44, whereby in the blocking state the first disk body 44 and thus the planet carrier 30 (third gear element) is secured against rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 in a first direction of rotation relative to the second disk body 48 and thus relative to the output shaft 34, so that in the locked state the second disk body 48 and thus the output shaft 34 can be driven via the first plates 50 by the first disk body 44 and thus by the first disk body 44 and thus by the planet carrier 30 (web) in the first direction of rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 and can thus be rotated in the first direction of rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the housing 24. The first direction of rotation running around the main axis of rotation 18 (axis of rotation) is illustrated by an arrow D1 and the second direction of rotation running around the main axis of rotation 18 (axis of rotation) is illustrated by an arrow D2. It can be seen that the directions of rotation D1 and D2 run around the main axis of rotation 18 and are in opposite directions. When the locking state is mentioned above and below, this means, unless otherwise stated, the first locking state of the first freewheel 40. When the locking state is mentioned above and below, this means, unless otherwise stated, the first release state of the first freewheel 40. The first direction of rotation running around the main axis of rotation 18 is illustrated by an arrow D1. An arrow D2 illustrates a second direction of rotation running around the main axis of rotation 18 and is opposite to the first direction of rotation. The directions of rotation therefore run around the main axis of rotation 18 and the directions of rotation are in opposite directions.

In the release state of the freewheel 40, insertion of the first plates 50 into the corresponding first recesses 46 is prevented, whereby the first disk body 44 and thus the web (planet carrier 30) can be rotated in the first direction of rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the second disk body 48 and thus relative to the output shaft 34. The first freewheel 40 can be actively switched from one of the states to the other state and/or from the other state to one state by active and thereby electrical and/or electromagnetic control, i.e. by, for example, electrical, in particular electromagnetic, actuation of the switching device 38. The freewheel 40 can thus be switched between the first state and the second state, i.e. between the first release state and the first blocking state, as required.

The passive, second freewheel 42 has a third disk body 52, which is connected in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner to the planet carrier 30, and a fourth disk body 54, which is connected in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner to the output shaft 34. The third disk body 52 has second recesses 56 in the present case, wherein the freewheel 42 has second plates 58 which are movably, in particular pivotably, held on the disk body 54. The plates 50 are connected to the disk body 48 in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the main axis of rotation 18, in particular permanently, so that relative movements between the respective plates 50 and the disk body 48 about the main axis of rotation 18 are prevented. The plates 58 are connected to the disk body 54 in a rotationally fixed manner with respect to the main axis of rotation 18, in particular permanently, so that relative rotations between the respective second plate 58 and the disk body 54 about the main axis of rotation 18 are prevented, and are therefore prevented.

The passive, second freewheel 42 automatically, i.e. without being actively controlled, secures the third disk body 52 and thus the planet carrier 30 by means of the second plates 58 against rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 in the second direction of rotation relative to the fourth disk body 54 and thus relative to the output shaft 34, whereby the fourth disk body 54 and thus the output shaft 34 can be driven via the second plates 58 by the third disk body 52 and thus by the planet carrier 30 in the second direction of rotation and can therefore be rotated in the second direction of rotation of the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the housing 24. The passive, second freewheel 42 automatically and thus, without being actively controlled, releases the third disk body 52 and thus the planet carrier 30 for rotation in the first direction of rotation (arrow D1) about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the fourth disk body 54 and thus relative to the output shaft 34.

The electric machine 12 is designed to drive the planet carrier 30 in such a way that the planet carrier 30 is rotated about the main axis of rotation 18 in the first direction of rotation (arrow D1) relative to the housing 24. This can, for example, cause the motor vehicle to travel forwards in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle. Furthermore, the electric machine 12 is designed to drive the planet carrier 30 in such a way that the planet carrier 30 is rotated about the main axis of rotation 18 in the second direction of rotation (arrow D2) relative to the housing 24. This can, for example, cause the motor vehicle to travel backwards in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, in particular when and for example only when the switchable first freewheel 40 is in the first locked state. If, for example, the motor vehicle rolls forwards, in particular by the motor vehicle rolling forwards down a slope while the vehicle wheel 20 is not driven by the electric machine 12, the Vehicle wheel 20 drives the output shaft 34 such that the output shaft 34 is rotated about the main axis of rotation 18 in the second direction of rotation (arrow D2) relative to the housing 24. If, for example, particularly theoretically or hypothetically, the motor vehicle were to roll backwards, for example by the motor vehicle rolling backwards down a slope, the vehicle wheel 20 then drives the output shaft 34 such that the output shaft 34 is rotated about the main axis of rotation 18 in the first direction of rotation (arrow D1) relative to the housing 24.

The respective disk body 44, 52, 48, 54 is a respective disk or plate, which makes it possible to achieve a particularly compact design. In the first embodiment, the disk bodies 44 and 52 are arranged coaxially to one another, with the disk bodies 44 and 52 being connected to one another, in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner. For this purpose, for example, the disk bodies 44 and 52 are designed separately from one another and, in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner, or the disk bodies 44 and 52 are designed as one piece with one another, and are therefore made from a single piece. The disk bodies 48 and 54 are arranged coaxially to one another and, in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner. For this purpose, the disk bodies 48 and 54 are designed separately from one another and, in particular permanently and in a rotationally fixed manner, or the disk bodies 48 and 54 are designed as one piece with one another, and are therefore made from a single piece. It can be seen that the disk bodies 44, 52, 48 and 54 are all arranged coaxially to one another. It can also be seen that the freewheel 42 is arranged radially, i.e. in the radial direction of the drive device 10, whose axial direction is perpendicular to the radial direction of the drive device 10, within the freewheel 40. The axial direction of the drive device 10 coincides with the main axis of rotation 18, and the radial direction of the drive device 10 is perpendicular to the main axis of rotation 18, wherein the radial direction of the drive device 10 is illustrated by a double arrow 60. It can be seen that the freewheel 42 is a passive freewheel for tensile moments and thus for tensile operation in the forward direction of travel, i.e. for the aforementioned forward travel. All plates 58, for example designed as pressure pieces or functioning as pressure pieces, are directed in the same direction. The first freewheel 40 is a switchable freewheel which is actively engaged for reversing and for recuperation, i.e. is actively switched to the locked state. All plates 50, which are designed as pressure pieces or function as pressure pieces, are directed in the same direction. The drive device 10 has a sliding element 62, which in the present case is designed as a sliding plate, for example. The sliding element 62 is connected to the disk body 48, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner, but is displaceable, in particular back and forth, in the axial direction and thus along the main axis of rotation 18, and therefore axially relative to the disk body 48. For this purpose, an actuator 64 is provided, for example, by means of which the sliding element 62 can be displaced back and forth axially, i.e. along the main axis of rotation 18, relative to the disk body 48. This means that by means of the actuator 64, the sliding element 62 can be displaced optionally in a first sliding direction along the main axis of rotation 18, illustrated by an arrow 69, or in a second sliding direction opposite to the first sliding direction and illustrated by an arrow 71, along the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the disk body 48. By moving the sliding element 62 in the first sliding direction, for example, the first locking state is engaged, i.e. activated, whereby the first release state is disengaged, i.e. deactivated. By moving the sliding element 62 in the second sliding direction, for example, the first release state is activated, i.e. engaged, whereby the first locking state is disengaged, i.e. deactivated. The sliding element 62 carries, for example, magnets, in particular permanent magnets, in particular on or in its inner diameter.

In addition, for example, the sliding element 62 carries at least one or more compression springs for inserting the plates 50 or the freewheel 40, that is, to activate the first blocking state and in particular to keep it activated. For example, the actuator 64 and the sliding element 62 are components of the switching device 38. In particular, for example, the actuator 64 is a stator, since it is held immovably on the housing 24, wherein the sliding element 62 can be moved along the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the disk body 48 and relative to the housing 24 in the first sliding direction and the second sliding direction. In particular, the actuator 64 is an electromagnetic, linear switching element, which in the present case has, for example, at least or exactly two coils 66 and 68. Depending on which of the coils 66 and 68 is energized, i.e. supplied with electrical energy, an additional attraction force or axial movement, in particular displacement, of the sliding element 62 is brought about, whereby the sliding element 62 is switched in order to switch the freewheel 40 from the blocking state to the release state and/or from the release state to the blocking state, for example. After switching, the sliding element 62 remains in an axial position set by the switch by means of a static magnetic force provided by the respective magnet. Sliding position is magnetically locked, despite a force in the form of a spring force, which is generated by means of the compression spring, that is to say caused and thus provided, and in particular acts in the axial direction on the sliding element 62 and is supported by or via the latter. Alternatively, for a passive locking function without the need for an electrical current, a mechanical locking between the sliding element 62 and the second disk body 48, or between the sliding element 85 and the sixth disk body 76 can be provided if the static magnetic force is not sufficiently precise or sufficiently reliable, particularly in view of the fact that high safety requirements apply to a parking lock. For example, disengaging, that is to say deactivating the parking lock, that is to say the parking state P, or activating, that is to say engaging the switching state N, is only possible by actively supplying current to the actuator 64. On the other hand, no energy is required to switch the sliding element 62, that is to say to hold it in the position set by the circuit, that is to say the sliding position. A supply to the actuator 64 is only necessary in order to switch the freewheel 40 from one of the states to the other state and/or from the other state to one state. It is particularly possible to integrate a position sensor into the actuator 64, whereby, for example, the respective position, in particular the sliding position, of the sliding element 62 that can be brought about or is brought about by the respective circuit can be detected by means of the position sensor. In Fig. 2, 70 designates the compression spring mentioned, by means of which the second plates 50 can be actuated in order to activate the first locking state. The compression spring 70 has a sufficient length, in particular in the axial direction of the drive device 10, and a sufficient compression travel in order to engage, i.e. activate, for example the switching state D and also the switching state P. In the switching state D and in particular also in the switching state P, the plates 50 remain pressed; a rotationally fixed connection resulting therefrom, for example, between the output shaft 34 and the electric machine 12 or the planet carrier 30 is not disadvantageous.

For example, the output shaft 34 is designed as a cardan shaft. For example, the output shaft 34 is also referred to as a side shaft.

In the second embodiment of the electric drive device 10 shown in Fig. 3, the switching device 38 can be switched both into the switching states D and N as in the first embodiment and into the switching state P. For this purpose, the switching device 38 has a switchable, third freewheel 72, which can be switched between a second blocking state as the third state and a second release state as the fourth state, in particular by active and, for example, electrical and/or electromagnetic control or actuation of the switching device 38, in particular of the actuator 64. The freewheel 42 has a fifth disk body 74, which is, in particular permanently, rotationally fixedly connected to the housing 24 and is designed here as a parking lock gear. Furthermore, the freewheel 72 has a sixth disk body 76, which is, in particular permanently, rotationally fixedly connected to the output shaft 34. The disk bodies 74 and 76 are arranged coaxially to one another. The disk body 74 is arranged coaxially to the disk bodies 44, 52, 48 and 54, and the disk body 76 is arranged coaxially to the disk bodies 44, 52, 48 and 54. The disk bodies 44, 52, 48, 54, 74 and 76 are therefore all arranged coaxially to one another. In particular, the disk bodies 48, 54 and 76 are connected to one another, in particular permanently, in a rotationally fixed manner. For example, the disk bodies 76, 48 and 54 are designed as one piece with one another, and are therefore made from a single piece. In conjunction with Fig. 4, it can be seen that the freewheel 72 has third plates 78 as third locking bodies and fourth plates 80 as fourth locking bodies. The plates 78 and 80 are held movably, in particular pivotably, on one of the disk bodies 74 and 76, in this case on the disk body 76. The other disk body, in this case the disk body 74, has third recesses 82 corresponding to the plates 78 and fourth recesses 84 corresponding to the plates 80. The second locking state is designated S2 in Fig. 4, and the second release state is designated F2 in Fig. 4.

A second sliding element 85 is assigned to the freewheel 72, which can be moved, for example, with the sliding element 62 along the main axis of rotation 18 and thus axially relative to the housing 24 and relative to the disk bodies 76 and 48. 87 designates a compression spring for the axial actuation of the plates 78 and 80 in particular, wherein the second locking state S2 is engaged, i.e. activated, by the axial actuation of the plates 78 and 80. If the respective plate 78, 80 is not ideally positioned in relation to its corresponding recess 82, 84 during its axial actuation in particular, the compression spring 87 can remain pre-tensioned until the disk bodies 74 and 76 reach such a rotational position relative to one another that the respective plate 78, 80 advantageously overlaps or covers the respective corresponding recess 82, 84. The plates 78 and 80 remain inserted, particularly under load. The plates 78 and 80 are only inserted when the compression spring 87 is extended or when the sliding element 85, which is designed in particular as a pressure plate, is extended and there is no load. either with their own spring elements or with a geometry such as a bevel of an opposite.

From Fig. 3 and 4 it can be seen that in the second locking state S2 the output shaft 34 is rotationally fixed to the housing 24 by means of the freewheel 72, so that relative rotations around the main axis of rotation 18 between the output shaft 34 and the housing 24, both in the first direction of rotation and in the second direction of rotation, are prevented. The vehicle wheel 20 can thus be secured against rotations relative to the housing 24, so that the motor vehicle can be secured against undesired rolling away.

It can be seen that in the locking state S2 the plates 78 can be or are inserted into the recesses 82 and the plates 80 into the recesses 84, whereby in the second locking state S2 the output shaft 34 is connected to the housing 24 in a rotationally fixed manner. In the second release state F2, insertion of the plates 80 into the corresponding recesses 84 is prevented and the plates 78 can be or are inserted into the recesses 82, whereby the freewheel 72 releases rotation of the output shaft 34 about the main axis of rotation 18 in one of the directions of rotation relative to the housing 24 and secures the output shaft 34 against rotation about the main axis of rotation 18 in the other direction of rotation relative to the housing 24. The one direction of rotation in which the output shaft 34 can rotate about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the housing 24 in the release state F2 is illustrated by an arrow 86, and the other direction of rotation in which the output shaft 34 cannot rotate about the main axis of rotation 18 relative to the housing 24 because this is prevented by the freewheel 72 in the release state F2 is illustrated by an arrow 88.

A safety concept of the drive device 10 is explained below: A redundant actuation of the parking lock can be a second power source on the actuator 64, so that, for example, two plugs are required via which the actuator 64 can be supplied with electrical energy, i.e. with electrical current. This would be a solution for a single drive with differential. In dual systems, i.e. an axle drive with two wheel-selective electric machines, there will automatically be redundancy by doubling the independent parking locks on the right-hand side and the left-hand side. For this, for example, the respective side, i.e. the respective parking lock arranged on the respective side, is designed for a maximum transferable parking lock load. In a first case, for example, the vehicle is on or on a hill, the switching state P is activated and the driver wants to drive forwards, for example. Thus, for example, the freewheel 72 is initially in the second locking state S2. Here, for example, the plates 78 are inserted so that the plates 78 engage in the corresponding recesses 82 and are thus inserted, which prevents rolling back or backwards, and therefore the motor vehicle from rolling backwards in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. The plates 80 are inserted into the corresponding recesses 84, in particular via the compression spring 87, but do not carry any torque, since a downhill force acts on the vehicle not forwards in the vehicle's longitudinal direction, but backwards in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. In order to change from the switching state P to the switching state D, as can be seen in Fig. 4, the plates 80 are retracted, for example via their own spring elements, so that insertion of the plates 80 into the recesses 84 is prevented, while the plates 78 remain inserted into the recesses 82 under load despite the setting of the release state F2 and thereby despite the corresponding displacement of the sliding element 68, which is designed in particular as a sliding plate. Then, with a corresponding drive torque desired by the driver of the motor vehicle, the electric machine 12 can drive the planet carrier 30 and, via this, the output shaft 34 in order to cause the motor vehicle to travel forwards, thus to drive the motor vehicle forwards and thus to drive forwards, since the disk body 74 can rotate in the direction of rotation illustrated by the arrow 86 relative to the disk body 76. In this case, the disk body 74 can move the plates 78 out of the recesses 82, since the disk body 74 engages the plates 78. However, by means of the plates 78, rotation of the disk body 74 relative to the disk body 76 in the direction of rotation illustrated by the arrow 88 is prevented, for example, in particular until such a release state of the freewheel 72 is set by preventing the plates 78 from being inserted or engaged in the corresponding recesses 82.

In a second case, the vehicle is in or on a downhill slope, so that a downhill force acts on the vehicle in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the switching state P is activated and the driver of the vehicle wants to reverse. Then the same thing happens as in the first case. In a third case, the vehicle is on or in an uphill slope or on a level surface and the The driver wants to reverse the motor vehicle. First, the switching state P is engaged, and the plates 78 are inserted into the corresponding recesses 82 and carry a torque to prevent the motor vehicle from rolling back. The plates 80 are inserted via the compression spring 87 and thus engage in the recesses 84, but do not carry any torque about the main axis of rotation 18, i.e. do not support any torque about the main axis of rotation 18. Here, unlike in the first case, when changing from the switching state P to a reversing state R to cause the motor vehicle to reverse, the electric machine 12 is first driven forwards with the parking lock engaged, i.e. with the switching state P activated, i.e. in such a way as to cause forward travel, in particular until the plates 78 are relieved of load and the plates 80 are loaded instead. While the electric machine 12 and, for example, a drive train remain pre-tensioned in a direction to effect forward travel, the sliding element 62 is axially displaced by means of the actuator 64 in such a way as to switch from the switching state P to the switching state D, whereby the plates 78 are retracted, i.e., laid out, thus preventing, for example, the plates 78 from engaging in the corresponding recess 82. As long as the driver of the motor vehicle does not release a service brake of the motor vehicle and does not issue a drive torque request, i.e. does not accelerate, the motor vehicle can be held by a parking brake. Then, for example, a torque provided by the electric machine 12 is removed, thus terminated, and now the motor vehicle can and/or may roll back, thus roll backwards in the vehicle's longitudinal direction, and the plates 80 are in particular automatically retracted, in particular by the disk body 74 being rotated in the direction of rotation illustrated by the arrow 88 relative to the disk body 76 and thus sliding on the plate 80 and thereby moving it out of the corresponding recesses 84.

In a fourth case, the motor vehicle is on or in a downhill slope, so that a downhill force acts on the motor vehicle in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle towards the front, or the motor vehicle is on or in a level surface and the gearshift position P is engaged and the driver wants to drive forwards, i.e. forwards in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The same thing then happens as in the third case. list of reference symbols

10 electric drive device

12 electric machine

14 stator

16 rotor

18 main axis of rotation

20 vehicle wheel

22 Switching device

24 housings

26 sun gear

28 ring gear

30 planet carriers

32 planetary gear

34 output shaft

36 rotor shaft

38 switching device

40 switchable first freewheel

42 self-releasing second freewheel

44 first disk body

46 first recess

48 second disc body

50 first tiles

52 third disc body

54 fourth disc body

56 second recess

58 second tiles

60 double arrow

62 sliding element

64 actuators

66 coil

68 coil

69 arrow

70 compression spring

71 arrow

72 switchable third freewheel

74 fifth disc body 76 sixth disc body

78 tiles

80 tiles

82 recess

84 recess

85 sliding element

86 arrow

87 compression spring

88 arrow

D switching state

D1 arrow

D2 arrow

N switching state

P switching state

F2 release state

S2 second blocking state

Claims

patent claims 1. Electric drive device (10) for a motor vehicle, comprising: - an electric machine (12) having a rotor (16) and a stator (14); - an output shaft (34); - two drive elements, namely the output shaft (34) and a transmission element; - a switching device (38); characterized in that the switching device comprises: - a switchable first freewheel (40) which has a first disk body (44) with first recesses (46) coupled to one of the drive elements in a torque-transmitting manner, a second disk body (48) coupled to the other drive element in a torque-transmitting manner and first plates (50) movably held on the second disk body (48), and which can be switched between a locking state as the first state and a release state as the second state, wherein: o in the locking state, the first plates (50) can be or are inserted into the first recesses (46), whereby in the locking state the first disk body (44) is secured against rotation about an axis of rotation (18) in a first direction of rotation (D1) relative to the second disk body (48), so that in the locking state the second disk body (48) can be driven by the first disk body (44) in the first direction of rotation (D1) via the first plates (50) and can thereby be moved in the first direction of rotation (D1) is rotatable about the axis of rotation (18) relative to the housing (24); o in the release state, insertion of the first plates (50) into the first recesses (46) is prevented, whereby the first disk body (44) in the first direction of rotation (D1) is rotatable about the axis of rotation (18) relative to the second disk body (48); and o the first freewheel (40) can be actively switched at least from one of the states to the other state by controlling the switching device (38); - a self-releasing second freewheel (42), which: o has a third disk body (52) coupled to a first of the drive elements in a torque-transmitting manner, and a fourth disk body (54) coupled to a second of the drive elements in a torque-transmitting manner; o automatically secures the third disk body (52) against rotation about the axis of rotation (18) in a second direction of rotation (D2) opposite to the first direction of rotation (D1) relative to the fourth disk body (54) by means of second plates (58), as a result of which the fourth disk body (54) can be driven by the third disk body (52) in the second direction of rotation (D2) via the second plates (58) and can therefore be rotated in the second direction of rotation (D2) about the axis of rotation (18) relative to the housing (24); and o automatically releases the third disc body (52) for rotation in the first direction of rotation (D1) about the axis of rotation (18) relative to the fourth disc body (54). 2. Electric drive device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second plates (58) are arranged in the fourth disk body (54) and can be inserted into second recesses (56) provided for this purpose in the third disk body (52) in order to secure the third disk body (52) against rotation about the axis of rotation (18) in the first direction of rotation (D1) relative to the fourth disk body (54). 3. Electric drive device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second freewheel (42) is arranged radially inside the first freewheel (40). 4. Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a planetary gear (22) is provided which has three gear elements, namely a sun gear (26), a ring gear (28) and a planet carrier (30) on which planet gears (32) are rotatably supported, wherein a first of the gear elements is rotationally connected to the rotor (16); and a second of the gear elements is rotationally connected to a housing (24) of the electric drive device (10). 5. Electric drive device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first gear element is the sun gear (26), the second gear element is the ring gear (28) and the third gear element is the planet carrier (30). 6. Electric drive device (10) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the first disk body (44) and/or the third disk body (52) is rotationally connected to the third gear element and is arranged axially adjacent to the planet gears (32). 7. Electric drive device (10) according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the second disk body (48) and/or the fourth disk body (54) are rotationally connected to the output shaft (34) or are designed as one piece with the output shaft (34). 8. Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (38) has an actuator (64) and a sliding element (62) with axially directed first compression springs (70), which at least in the locked state each bear against the first plate (50) of the first freewheel (40), wherein the first compression springs (70) protrude into windows provided for this purpose in the second disk body (48) of the first freewheel (40). 9. Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second disk body (48) is radially mounted on a rotor shaft (36) of the rotor (16) on the one hand and on the housing (24) on the other hand. 10. Electric drive device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (38) has a switchable third freewheel (72) which can be switched between: - a third state as a second locking state (S2), in which the output shaft (34) is connected to the housing (24) in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the third freewheel (72); and - a fourth state as a second release state (F2), in which the output shaft is rotatable in at least or exactly one of the directions of rotation relative to the housing.