WO2024242149A1 - Deck plate and dry roof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention makes it possible to improve fire resistance performance and structural performance of a deck plate in a dry roof, and to improve living environment performance such as appearance, heat insulation, and sound insulation, while simplifying a process to be applied to the deck plate of the dry roof by providing a wooden part at a lower part of the deck plate, and additionally omits curing work in replacing a waterproof sheet or the like.　A deck plate (10), which is used in a dry roof (1) and to the upper surface of which members (40, 50, 60) for improving performance are attached, comprises a wooden part (20) that is provided to the lower-surface side of the deck plate (10) and that covers the lower-surface side of at least the attachment positions of the members (40, 50, 60).

Description

Deck plate and dry roof

The present invention relates to deck plates and dry roofs.

The roofs and rooftops of single-story and low- to mid-rise buildings are often constructed with externally insulated dry roofing, which uses insulating and waterproofing materials on a deck plate. Dry roofing is lightweight, requires a short construction period, and is easy to install, as concrete is not poured on the top surface of the deck plate (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2016-928 A

In dry roofs, the deck plate has a certain level of fire resistance, but since concrete is not poured into the deck plate, it is difficult to improve the fire resistance of the deck plate alone.
On the other hand, there is a demand to improve the insulation performance of dry roofs. However, if the amount of insulation material installed on the deck plate is increased, the insulation material will prevent heat from being released from the deck plate to the outside in the event of a fire, causing heat to accumulate in the deck plate and reducing its fire resistance, which creates the problem that the allowable span according to design standards must be shortened.
In addition, for reasons such as the unsightly appearance of leaving the underside of the deck plate exposed to the room below and concerns about condensation on the deck plate surface due to its low specific heat, the underside of the deck plate is often finished.
In addition, when waterproofing and insulation materials installed on dry roofs are replaced, they need to be re-fixed to the deck plate. However, during this fixing process, dust and other particles fall below the deck plate, i.e. into the interior space, so it is necessary to protect the area below the deck plate.
In this way, deck plates for dry roofs are required to have improved insulation performance and, contradictory to that improvement, improved fire resistance. At the same time, there is also a demand for improved structural performance, appearance, soundproofing, and a comfortable living environment without condensation. As a result, more and more treatments are being applied to the deck plates, and the curing work required when renovating waterproofing materials, etc., is also time-consuming.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above problems, and aims to provide a technology that simplifies the processing applied to the deck plate in a dry roof while improving the fire resistance and structural performance of the deck plate in a dry roof, as well as improving the living environment performance such as appearance, insulation, and soundproofing, and that can eliminate the need for curing work when renovating waterproofing materials, etc.

In order to solve the above problems, one aspect of the present invention is a deck plate used in dry roofs, with a performance-improving component attached to its upper surface, characterized in that the deck plate is provided with a wooden section on its underside that covers at least the underside of the attachment position of the component.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the wood portion has a thickness calculated by multiplying the fire resistance time to be added by the carbonization rate of the wood portion.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the wooden portion is treated with a fireproofing treatment that adds fire resistance for a specified period of time, and that the wooden portion has a thickness calculated by multiplying the time obtained by subtracting the specified period from the fire resistance period by the carbonization rate of the wooden portion.

In addition, it is preferable that the deck plate body has fire resistance for a specified period of time.

It is also preferable that the wooden portion is formed from decorative finishing materials, etc.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the deck plate main body has a plurality of alternating peaks and valleys, the wooden portion is attached to the valleys, and a space is formed between the wooden portion and the peaks.

In order to solve the above problem, one aspect of the present invention is a dry roof, characterized in that it comprises the above-mentioned deck plate and an insulating section provided on the upper surface of the deck plate.

It is also preferable to have a waterproof section that covers the heat insulating section.

It is also preferable to have a sheathing section provided between the deck plate and the insulation section.

It is also preferable that a fixing member is provided to fix the insulation section to the deck plate, and that the fixing member is fixed to the sheathing section, the deck plate main body, or the wooden section.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the processing applied to the deck plate in a dry roof can be simplified while improving the fire resistance and structural performance of the deck plate in a dry roof, as well as improving the living environment performance such as appearance, thermal insulation, and sound insulation, and curing work can be omitted when renovating waterproofing materials, etc.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a portion of a dry roof. FIG. This is a view of a dry roof from the short side. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view of a dry roof. 1 is a table illustrating the relationship between wood thickness and fire resistance time. FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a space formed in a conventional deck plate, and FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating a space formed in a deck plate having a wooden portion. FIG. 1A is a diagram for explaining the heat insulating performance of a conventional deck plate, and FIG. 1B is a diagram for explaining the heat insulating performance of a deck plate having a wooden portion. 13A and 13B are diagrams illustrating the effect of a deck plate having a wooden portion. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the structure when attaching a rack foundation to a deck plate. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the structure when attaching a rack foundation to a deck plate.

Below, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that in the following description, the drawings are schematic, and it should be noted that the dimensional relationships and ratios of each element may differ from reality. There may also be parts in which the dimensional relationships and ratios of each element differ between the drawings.

<Dry roof>
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a dry roof, Fig. 3 is a view of the dry roof from a short side direction, and Fig. 4 is a view of the dry roof from a long side direction.
As shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, a dry roof 1 is used on the roof or top of a building, and is a roof structure that does not use concrete.
The dry roof 1 includes, for example, a deck plate 10, a sheathing section 40, an insulating section 50, a waterproof section 60, and a fixing section 70.
When the dry roof 1 is laid across the support beams B, the deck plate 10, the sheathing section 40, the heat insulating section 50, and the waterproof section 60 are stacked in this order from below. Therefore, when the dry roof 1 is laid across the support beams B, the lower surface of the deck plate 10 is exposed to the indoor space. The support beams B are not limited to steel materials, and may be reinforced concrete, lumber, or wood materials, for example. The deck plate 10 and the support beams B are fixed together by welding or the like. This fixing method is not limited to welding, and may be, for example, screws or nails, or may not be used. The deck plate 10 is also fixed to a beam (not shown) arranged in a direction perpendicular to the support beams B and an intermediate beam (not shown) arranged between the support beams B in the same manner as the support beams B. This fixing method does not have to be the same as the support beams B.

In the following description, the direction in which the deck plate 10 is spanned between the support beams B of the building is referred to as the longitudinal direction (length direction) L of the deck plate 10, the direction in which the deck plate 10 extends intersecting the longitudinal direction L is referred to as the transverse direction (width direction) W, and the direction in which the deck plate 10 is placed on the support beams B is referred to as the height direction H of the deck plate 10.

(Deck plate)
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the deck plate 10. Fig. 3 is a view of the dry roof as viewed from the short side direction. Fig. 4 is a view of the dry roof as viewed from the long side direction.
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the deck plate 10 includes a deck plate main body 10 a and a wooden portion 20 .
The deck plate main body 10a is a corrugated steel plate formed by roll forming a thin steel plate that has been subjected to a surface treatment such as zinc plating. The deck plate main body 10a does not have to be subjected to a surface treatment such as plating. The deck plate main body 10a has a peak 11, a valley 13, and a slope 15. The deck plate main body 10a has a plurality of peaks 11 and valleys 13 alternately formed, and adjacent peaks 11 and valleys 13 are connected by a slope 15. The deck plate main body 10a has a wave shape in which the peaks 11 and valleys 13 each extending in the longitudinal direction L are connected to each other in the lateral direction W via the slope 15.

The deck plate main body 10a has, for example, two peaks 11, one valley 13, and two pairs of inclined portions 15, and is formed in a corrugated shape in a cross section along the short side direction W. Depending on the dimension of the short side direction W of the deck plate 10, only one peak 11 may be provided on one deck plate main body 10a. When one deck plate 10 is connected to another deck plate 10 in the short side direction W, the connecting portion between the deck plates 10 functions as a valley portion 13. At this time, the connecting portion between the deck plates 10 may be joined with a screw or the like. Since this joining can improve fire resistance and structural performance, the joining specifications, including the presence or absence of joining, can be selected as necessary. In addition, the deck plate 10 may be end-closed at both ends in the longitudinal direction L.

The ridge portion 11 is a flatly formed portion located above the support beam B when the deck plate 10 is spanned between the support beams B (hereinafter also referred to as the ``spanning state''), and is a plate-shaped portion extending in the longitudinal direction L.
The peak portion 11 has a groove 12. The groove 12 is formed so as to be recessed toward the lower surface side of the deck plate 10. The groove 12 extends in the longitudinal direction L, and when there is only one groove 12, it is provided near the center in the lateral direction W.
The grooves 12 in the peaks 11 improve the strength of the peaks 11. The number of grooves 12 formed in the peaks 11 is not limited to one, and a plurality of grooves 12 may be formed. The grooves 12 may be formed discontinuously along the longitudinal direction L. Note that the grooves 12 may not be formed.

The valley portion 13 is parallel or approximately parallel to the peak portion 11, and is a flat portion that is placed on the support beam B in a bridging state. The valley portion 13 is a plate-like portion extending in the longitudinal direction L. The valley portion 13 does not overlap with the peak portion 11 in the lateral direction W. The groove 12 formed in the peak portion 11 may be formed in the valley portion 13.
The valley portion 13 has a protruding portion 14. The protruding portion 14 is formed so as to protrude toward the upper surface side of the deck plate 10. The protruding portion 14 extends in the longitudinal direction L, and when there is only one protruding portion 14, it is provided near the center in the lateral direction W.
The protrusions 14 in the valleys 13 improve the strength of the valleys 13. The number of protrusions 14 is not limited to one in the valleys 13, and a plurality of protrusions 14 may be formed. The protrusions 14 may be formed discontinuously along the longitudinal direction L. Note that the protrusions 14 may not be formed.

The inclined portion 15 is a portion that connects the peak portion 11 and the valley portion 13, and is a plate-like portion that extends in the longitudinal direction L. The inclined portion 15 extends obliquely from the side edge of the peak portion 11 toward the side edge of the valley portion 13 in the short direction W. The inclined portion 15 is inclined to form a predetermined angle, for example an obtuse angle, with respect to the peak portion 11 and the valley portion 13. Note that the groove 12 formed in the peak portion 11 may be formed in the inclined portion 15.

The inclined portion 15 has an engagement portion 16. The engagement portion 16 is a convex portion formed so as to protrude from the surface of the inclined portion 15 toward the upper surface side of the deck plate 10. The engagement portions 16 are formed, for example, by embossing, and a plurality of engagement portions 16 are provided at predetermined intervals along the extension direction (longitudinal direction L) of the inclined portion 15. The engagement portions 16 improve the strength of the inclined portion 15. The engagement portions 16 may extend in the longitudinal direction L.

A bulge 17 is formed at the transition between the valley 13 and the inclined portion 15. The bulge 17 is a portion that protrudes in opposite directions on a pair of inclined portions 15 in one peak 11. That is, the bulge 17 on a pair of inclined portions 15 facing each other across the valley 13 are formed to face each other and bulge in directions approaching each other. The bulge 17 is located on the valley 13 side of the engagement portion 16. The bulge 17 may be formed discontinuously along the longitudinal direction L.

A groove 18 is formed in the transition between the bulge 17 and the valley 13. The groove 18 is formed as an engaging groove (ant groove) extending along the longitudinal direction L. The cross section of the groove 18 along the lateral direction W is formed to be curved. The groove 18 is formed in a direction approaching each other in a pair of inclined portions 15 in one peak 11. That is, in a pair of inclined portions 15 continuing to the valley 13 of the deck plate 10, the grooves 18 are formed to face each other and are curved in a direction away from each other. The grooves 18 may be formed discontinuously along the longitudinal direction L.

A wooden portion 20 is provided on the lower surface side of the deck plate 10 (the lower surface side of the deck plate main body 10a). The wooden portion 20 is, for example, a wooden board formed into a plate shape, and is fixed to the lower surface side of the valley portion 13 using screws or the like. The wooden portion 20 may be not only a wooden panel formed by gluing lumber or sawn boards in the width direction, but also a wood material, for example, a laminated lumber or so-called engineered wood such as LVL, which has been treated with chemicals or added with resin to improve its strength, fire resistance, flame retardancy, or both, or may be one that has improved resistance to mold and decay fungi, or may be, for example, a board, panel, or sheet such as a wood wool cement board or gypsum board. In addition, when the wooden portion 20 is a unit in the width direction, its width may be the same as the width of the deck plate 10, or may be larger or smaller than the width of the deck plate 10. In addition, the joints between the wooden portions 20 and the fitting parts between the deck plates 10 may or may not match. In addition, when the joints between the wooden parts 20 and the joints between the deck plates 10 do not match, the fire resistance performance is improved compared to when they match. In addition, the attachment method of the wooden parts 20 to the deck plate main body 10a is not limited to screws, and it is sufficient to attach them by adhesive or other means. Since the attachment method can improve the fire resistance performance and structural performance, etc., it is possible to select an attachment method according to the design specifications. In addition, the wooden parts 20 are not limited to being attached so as to directly contact the lower surface of the valley part 13 of the deck plate main body 10a, but may be attached with a gap from the lower surface of the valley part 13 of the deck plate main body 10a via a member such as a pipe material or a steel material. In other words, the deck plate 10 is sufficient as long as the wooden parts 20 are attached directly or indirectly to the lower surface side of the deck plate main body 10a by some means. In addition, the screws connecting the deck plate main body 10a and the wooden parts 20 may be shared with the fixing part 70, or screws separate from the fixing part 70 may be used.
The wooden portion 20 is a decorative finishing material that covers the underside of the deck plate 10 that is exposed to the room between the support beams B when the deck plate 10 is placed on the support beams B, thereby improving the appearance.
The wooden portion 20 is formed to have a thickness calculated by the product of the fire resistance time (fire resistance performance) to be added to the deck plate 10 and the carbonization rate of the wooden portion 20.

FIG. 5 is a table illustrating the relationship between the thickness of the wooden portion 20 and the fire resistance time.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, if the carbonization rate of the wood that makes up the wooden part 20 is 0.65 mm/min and it is desired to add 30 minutes of fire resistance to the deck plate 10, then the thickness of the wooden part 20 should be 0.65 mm/min x 30 min = 19.5 mm.
5, if it is desired to add 30 to 60 minutes of fire resistance to the deck plate 10, the thickness of the wooden part 20 should be 19.5 to 39.0 mm, if it is desired to add 60 to 120 minutes of fire resistance to the deck plate 10, the thickness of the wooden part 20 should be 39.0 to 78.0 mm, and if it is desired to add 120 to 180 minutes of fire resistance to the deck plate 10, the thickness of the wooden part 20 should be 78.0 to 117.0 mm. The carbonization rate of wood does not have to be 0.65 mm, and the thickness of the wooden part 20 will vary depending on the carbonization rate.

The deck plate 10 constituting the dry roof 1 has a predetermined fire resistance even in an uncoated state with no coating on the deck plate main body 10a and no wooden part 20. For example, if the deck plate main body 10a has a fire resistance time (fire resistance) of 30 minutes in an uncoated state, by providing a wooden part 20 with a thickness of 39 mm on the underside of the deck plate 10, the fire resistance of the deck plate 10 can be secured to a fire resistance time of 90 minutes, which is the sum of the fire resistance time of the deck plate main body 10a itself of 30 minutes and the fire resistance time of the wooden part 20 of 60 minutes. On the other hand, if it is desired to provide a fire resistance time of 130 minutes for this deck plate 10, the wooden part 20 can be formed to a thickness of 65 mm, which is necessary for the remaining fire resistance time of 100 minutes, by subtracting the fire resistance time of the deck plate main body 10a itself of 30 minutes.

The wooden part 20 may also be subjected to a fireproofing treatment that provides fire resistance for a specified period of time. For example, if the wooden boards that make up the wooden part 20 are treated (e.g., treated with a chemical solution) to provide fireproofing (ensuring a fireproofing time of 20 minutes), semi-fireproofing (ensuring a fireproofing time of 10 minutes), or fire-retardanting (ensuring a fireproofing time of 5 minutes), the wooden part 20 can be made thinner by a thickness equal to the product of each fireproofing time multiplied by the carbonization rate.
Specifically, in the case where it is desired to add fire resistance performance with a fire resistance time of 120 minutes to the deck plate 10, and the wooden part 20 has been treated to have non-combustibility (ensuring a non-combustibility time of 20 minutes), the wooden part 20 should have a thickness that is sufficient for a fire resistance time of 100 minutes, calculated by subtracting the 20 minutes of non-combustibility time for the non-combustibility treatment from the 120 minute fire resistance time, that is, 0.65 mm/min x 100 min = 65.0 mm.

In this way, since the wooden portion 20 is provided on the underside of the deck plate 10, the wooden portion 20 will be the first to heat up in the event of a fire. Therefore, by forming the wooden portion 20 to a thickness that provides the desired fire resistance to the dry roof 1, taking into consideration the carbonization speed of the wooden portion 20, the deck plate main body 10a will be hardly affected by heat until the wooden portion 20 burns out.
The wood portion 20 can be of any material so long as it is made of wood. However, since the carbonization speed differs depending on the type of wood, it is necessary to adjust the thickness of the wood portion 20 depending on the type of wood.
In this way, by utilizing the property that the wooden board exerts a covering effect against heating during a fire until it disappears due to carbonization, the fire resistance performance (non-damageability, heat insulation) of the dry roof 1 and the deck plate 10 can be improved by providing the wooden part 20 on the underside of the deck plate 10. In addition, since the thickness of the wooden part 20 can be determined based on the carbonization speed based on the material of the wood constituting the wooden part 20 and the fire resistance time to be added to the deck plate 10, the wooden part 20 can be configured to an optimal thickness, and the fire resistance performance is not excessive or insufficient, and it is possible to select optimal functions and costs. In other words, by making the wooden part 20 to an optimal thickness, the wooden part 20 can be completely burned by the heat of the fire, and the heating of the wooden part 20 does not end before the wooden part 20 burns out, and the wooden part 20 does not turn into embers and continue to burn after the fire is extinguished. In addition, the fire resistance performance (fire resistance time) of the deck plate 10 can be easily adjusted just by adjusting the thickness of the wooden part 20.

Here, the effect of improving the heat insulation of the deck plate 10 having the wooden portion 20 will be described with reference to FIG.
In the case of a conventional dry roof shown in Fig. 6(a), where the deck plate does not have wood, only the space S1 surrounded by the valleys 13, slopes 15, and sheathing 40 of the deck plate 10A becomes an air layer, improving the insulation, but since the peaks 11 of the deck plate 10A are in direct contact with the sheathing 40, no air layer is formed in this area, and heat in the event of a fire is easily transferred from the deck plate 10A to the sheathing 40, reducing the fire resistance. Also, even at all times, the temperature inside the room easily flows out from this area to the outside, reducing the insulation performance.
In contrast, in the deck plate 10 having the wooden part 20 as in the dry roof shown in Fig. 6(b), the wooden part 20 is provided along the longitudinal direction L and the transverse direction W so as to cover the lower surface of the deck plate main body 10a exposed to the room below, and is fixed to the deck plate main body 10a in a state of abutting against the valley part 13 of the deck plate main body 10a. Therefore, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6(b), not only the space S1 surrounded by the valley part 13, the slope part 15, and the sheathing part 40 of the deck plate main body 10a becomes an air layer, but also a gap is formed between the peak part 11 of the deck plate main body 10a and the wooden part 20, and the space S2 surrounded by the peak part 11, the slope part 15, and the upper surface of the wooden part 20 becomes an air layer. Therefore, almost the entire area between the wooden part 20 and the sheathing part 40 can be the space S1, S2, and the fire resistance and heat insulation of the deck plate 10 can be improved compared to the conventional deck plate 10A.

The performance of dry roofs is compared in terms of the thermal transmission coefficient, using the thermal resistance R shown in Figure 7. The thermal transmission coefficient is the amount of heat that passes through 1 ^m2 of wall in 1 hour when there is a 1°C difference between the air temperature inside and outside the room, and is the value obtained by dividing 1 by the total thermal resistance R. The smaller the value, the higher the insulation performance.
In a conventional dry roof using deck plate 10A that has no wooden parts, the thermal resistance R in area A1 of space S1 is 2.729 ( ^m2 K/W), and the thermal resistance R in area B1 without space S1 is 2.639 ( ^m2 K/W), and when deck plate 10A is laid out, the area ratio of area A1 to area B1 is 1:1. From this, the thermal transmittance Ua (W/m K) of the dry roof is the following value.
Ua=1/(2.729×0.5+2.639×0.5)=0.373
On the other hand, in the case of a dry roof 1 using a deck plate 10 having wooden parts, the thermal resistance R is 2.937 (m ² K/W), and the thermal transmittance Ua (W/m·K) as a dry roof is the following value.
U=1/2.937=0.340
In this way, it can be seen that the insulating performance of the deck plate 10 having the wooden portion 20 is improved compared to the insulating performance of the conventional deck plate 10A.

The wooden portion 20 may be provided on the deck plate main body portion 10a so as to expose the underside of the deck plate main body portion 10a in a portion of the dry roof 1, which is exposed to the interior of the room below, or may be provided so as to cover the entire underside of the deck plate main body portion 10a.
Specifically, when the dry roof 1 is reinforced in the vicinity of the support beam B on which the deck plate 10 is placed, the deck plate main body 10a is not covered by the wooden part 20 in the range (reinforced area) where the reinforcement is applied, and the underside of the deck plate main body 10a can be exposed. This reinforcement can be achieved, for example, by joining the deck plate 10 and the support beam B with screws or the like to improve strength. For example, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the end of the wooden part 20 along the longitudinal direction of the deck plate 10 is located at a predetermined distance from the support beam B. That is, the wooden part 20 is not provided in any area other than the area placed on the support beam B near the longitudinal end of the deck plate 10, and the end of the wooden part 20 along the longitudinal direction of the deck plate 10 faces the flange of the support beam B at a distance. Therefore, the length of the wooden part 20 along the longitudinal direction of the deck plate 10 is formed to be shorter than the distance between the support beams B across which the deck plate 10 is spanned. As a result, between the end of the wooden part 20 along the longitudinal direction of the deck plate 10 and the flange of the support beam B, the deck plate main body 10a is not covered by the wooden part 20, and the underside of the deck plate main body 10a may be exposed to the room.
For example, if there is a partition wall (wall material) or a decorative finish of a beam on the underside of the dry roof 1 (the side where the wooden section 20 is provided), the dry roof 1 may be reinforced in the area where other finishing materials are to be attached, and the wooden section 20 may not be provided in that area, and the area other than that area may be covered with the wooden section 20, or if there are no interfering objects such as finishes, the entire area may be covered with the wooden section 20. Note that even if reinforcement is not performed, if a certain level of fire resistance is achieved due to the effect of the surrounding wooden sections 20, for example, the wooden section 20 may not be provided in the unreinforced areas either.

Here, we will explain the range of the underside of the deck plate main body 10a that is not covered by the wooden part 20 in the reinforced area of the dry roof 1. The range that is not covered by the wooden part 20 varies depending on the degree of reinforcement. Here, we will show an example of the case where the reinforcement is targeted near the support beam B.
If no reinforcement is provided near the support beam B of the dry roof 1, it is preferable that the distance from the flange of the support beam B to the end of the wooden portion 20 (the exposed length of the deck plate main body 10a) be in the range of 0 to 150 mm, for example.
Furthermore, when reinforcement is performed near the support beam B of the dry roof 1, if the short-side length of the dry roof 1 is Lx, then the distance from the flange of the support beam B to the end of the wooden section 20 (the exposed length of the deck plate main body 10a) is preferably in the range of 150 to (Lx/4)/2 mm, for example. Specifically, when the short-side length Lx of the dry roof 1 is 3600 mm, the distance from the flange of the support beam B to the end of the wooden section 20 (the exposed length of the deck plate main body 10a) is in the range of 150 to 450 mm (simply, about 150 to 500 mm).
Furthermore, when a relatively large amount of reinforcement is performed near the support beam B of the dry roof 1, if the short-side length of the dry roof 1 is Lx, then it is preferable that the distance from the flange of the support beam B to the end of the wooden section 20 (the exposed length of the deck plate main body 10a) is in the range of 450 to (Lx/4) mm, for example. Specifically, when the short-side length Lx of the dry roof 1 is 3600 mm, the distance from the flange of the support beam B to the end of the wooden section 20 (the exposed length of the deck plate main body 10a) is in the range of 450 to 900 mm (simply, about 500 to 1000 mm).

(Nojibe)
The sheathing section 40 improves the fire resistance, sound insulation, and heat insulation of the dry roof 1, and also prevents damage caused by cracks in the insulation section 50 when walking on the roof during construction of the dry roof or maintenance, and is provided on the upper surface of the deck plate 10 arranged on the support beam B. The sheathing section 40 may or may not be fixed to the deck plate 10 in addition to the fixing section 70.
The sheathing portion 40 is formed, for example, from a hard wood wool cement board. There are three types of wood wool cement boards: normal wood wool cement boards, medium wood wool cement boards, and hard wood wool cement boards (JIS A5404 "wood-based cement boards"), and most manufacturers specify that the moisture content of the boards should be 20% or less (at the time of shipment). For this reason, the moisture content of the hard wood wool cement boards, which have a high "bulk density," is the highest among the three types.
When hard wood-wool cement boards are used as the sheathing 40 of the dry roof 1, the high moisture content of the boards slows down the temperature rise in the roof structure during a fire, suppresses the rate of temperature rise, and makes it possible to lower the temperature inside the roof compared to when other types of wood-wool cement boards (medium and normal) are used. This makes it possible to delay the softening, carbonization, and shrinkage of the wood-wool cement boards.
In addition, it slows down the transfer of heat to the upper part, and suppresses the increase in roof deflection and the ignition of the insulation material caused by the insulation material softening, carbonization, and shrinkage, which reduces the surface rigidity, thereby improving the fire resistance of the roof. It is also effective in determining whether the roof passes the "fire resistance performance test" for performance evaluation. By using hard wood wool cement board for the roofing part 40, it is possible to improve sound insulation, workability, and heat insulation performance.
Furthermore, by using a wood wool cement board as the roofing portion 40, sound insulation is improved, and in particular, a hard wood wool cement board has a higher sound insulation effect than an ordinary wood wool cement board and a medium wood wool cement board.
Furthermore, by using a hard wood-wool cement board as the roofing portion 40, the heat insulating performance can be improved more than that of gypsum board or ordinary concrete.
Furthermore, by using a hard cemented wood wool board as the roofing section 40, the risk of the heat insulating section 50 being punctured or cracked during construction is eliminated, improving workability.
In addition, instead of the hard wood wool cement board, a hard wood chip cement board may be used.

(Thermal insulation part)
The insulation section 50 is intended to improve the insulation properties of the dry roof 1 and is provided on the upper surface of the sheathing section 40.
1, the heat insulating section 50 is formed of an organic heat insulating plate such as polyethylene foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, or phenol foam. The heat insulating section 50 is formed, for example, with a thickness greater than 0 and within a range of 2000 mm. The heat insulating section 50 may be formed, for example, of a single heat insulating plate having a thickness of 150 mm, or three heat insulating plates having a thickness of 50 mm stacked on top of each other.

(Waterproof section)
The waterproof section 60 prevents rainwater and the like from entering the inside of the dry roof 1, and is provided on the upper surface of the insulating section 50.
1, the waterproof section 60 is formed using an asphalt waterproofing method, an improved asphalt sheet waterproofing method, a polyvinyl chloride resin sheet waterproofing method, a rubber sheet waterproofing method, a coating waterproofing method, etc. The waterproof section 60 is disposed so as to completely cover the upper surface of the heat insulating section 50 without any gaps.

(Fixed part)
The fixing part 70 fixes the sheathing part 40, the heat insulating part 50 and the waterproof part 60 to the deck plate main body 10a, and is formed of, for example, a screw. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the fixing part 70 is inserted into the upper surface of the deck plate 10 in the order of the sheathing part 40, the heat insulating part 50 and the waterproof part 60, and is then inserted into the waterproof part 60, the heat insulating part 50, the sheathing part 40 and the crest part 11 of the deck plate main body 10a via a fixing disk 71 in a direction perpendicular to the surface direction of the waterproof part 60, and is then engaged with the wooden part 20. In other words, the fixing part 70 connects the sheathing part 40, the heat insulating part 50 and the waterproof part 60 together and is fixed in place. In addition, the fixing portion 70 does not have to be fixed to the wooden portion 20 as long as it is fixed to the deck plate 10, and it does not have to be fixed to the deck plate 10 or the wooden portion 20 as long as it is fixed to the sheathing portion 40.

According to the deck plate 10 and the dry roof 1 as described above, the property that wood exerts a covering effect against heat during a fire until it disappears due to carbonization is utilized, and by providing the wooden part 20 on the underside of the deck plate 10, the fire resistance performance (non-damageability, flame-proofing) of the deck plate 10 and the dry roof 1 can be improved. In addition, since the thickness of the wooden part 20 can be determined based on the carbonization speed based on the material of the wood constituting the wooden part 20 and the fire resistance time to be added to the dry roof 1, the wooden part 20 can be configured to an optimal thickness, and the fire resistance performance is not excessive or insufficient, and it is possible to select the optimal function and cost. In other words, by making the wooden part 20 to an optimal thickness, the wooden part 20 can be completely burned by the heat of the fire, and the heating of the wooden part 20 does not end before the wooden part 20 burns out, and the wooden part 20 does not turn into embers and continue to burn after the fire is extinguished. In addition, the fire resistance performance (fire resistance time) of the dry roof 1 can be easily adjusted just by adjusting the thickness of the wooden part 20.
Here, the deck plate main body 10a has a fire resistance of 30 minutes according to the design standard even in an uncovered state without the wooden part 20. Therefore, if the fire resistance time of the deck plate 10 having the wooden part 20 is sufficient to be 30 minutes, the allowable span of the deck plate 10 spanned over the support beam B can be increased due to the improved fire resistance of the wooden part 20, and the degree of freedom in design can be increased. In addition, the improvement in the fire resistance of the deck plate 10 makes it possible to thin the deck plate main body 10a and reduce the deck crest height (the height from the valley part 13 to the crest part 11). Note that the reinforcing effect of the wooden part 20 is not limited to fire resistance, and since it is expected that the strength against vertical loads or horizontal loads can be improved as a structural performance, various advantages can be obtained, such as an increase in the allowable span, a reduction in the specifications of the deck plate, or the omission of brace materials that bear horizontal loads. For example, regarding the improvement of in-plane shear strength, the deck plate has the function of bearing in-plane shear forces due to earthquakes and wind, but the presence of the wooden section 20 can improve this function, so it is possible to improve the strength without changing the configuration of the deck plate and its mutual joints, etc. On the other hand, when performance equivalent to that of a deck plate without the wooden section 20 is required, the presence of the wooden section 20 makes it possible to appropriately omit or simplify the deck plate and its configuration, such as the deck plate height and plate thickness, their mutual joints, and horizontal brace materials, and to increase the span and load of the slab.
Other benefits include improved structural performance, for example, and the presence of the wooden section 20 can improve the vertical load support function when the deck plate is constructed or when the deck slab is completed. On the other hand, when performance equivalent to that of a deck plate or deck slab without the wooden section 20 is required, the presence of the wooden section 20 can simplify the configuration of the deck plate or deck slab, for example, the height and plate thickness of the deck plate, and the joint specifications with the beams and purlins, and can increase the span and load.
In addition, although the cost of the deck plate 10 increases due to the attachment of the wooden section 20, various rationalizations and labor-saving construction measures achieved by improving the fire resistance of the deck plate 10 can achieve cost reductions that more than compensate for the aforementioned cost increases.

For example, if only the vicinity of the support beam B in the dry roof 1 is reinforced, the center of the unreinforced dry roof 1 will be a weak point. If a fire-resistant coating (wooden section 20) is provided on the entire underside of the deck plate 10, the weak point will remain in the center of the dry roof 1, but if the vicinity of the support beam B where reinforcement is performed is not coated, the weak point in terms of fire resistance will be the vicinity of the support beam B.
Therefore, depending on the specifications of the reinforcement applied to the dry roof 1, a predetermined length from the flange of the support beam B is left without providing the wooden section 20, leaving the underside of the deck plate main body 10a exposed. As a result, if the finishing material (decorative material) is burned in the event of a fire, the deck plate main body 10a near the support beam B where there is no wooden section 20 will be heated intensively, causing buckling due to thermal expansion, but because reinforcement has been applied, the reduction in structural strength of the dry roof 1 can be minimized.
Even after the wooden portion 20 disappears, the thermal expansion is further concentrated in the buckled area, and the expansion can be absorbed. In other words, in the area where the deck plate 10 is heated intensively, the thermal expansion of the deck plate 10, which is an unnecessary additional force, can be absorbed without damaging other areas, so no thermal expansion occurs in the area of the deck plate 10 where the wooden portion 20 was provided, and the wide area is not damaged by the thermal expansion.

In this way, even if the vicinity of the support beam B is determined to be a weak point of the dry roof 1, if the vicinity of the support beam B is reinforced, it will not become a weak point that will immediately lead to the collapse of the dry roof 1. Furthermore, depending on the design conditions, the vicinity of the support beam B will not immediately collapse even without reinforcement. In other words, by intentionally not covering the deck plate main body portion 10a near the support beam B, the thermal expansion of the deck plate 10 can be concentrated near the support beam B. Then, after the fire progresses and all the wooden parts 20 are burned out, the entire surface of the deck plate 10 will be heated in the same way as a normal dry roof, but at that time, the deck plate 10 near the support beam B, which has already buckled, will absorb the thermal expansion, so there will be no damage to a wide area of the dry roof 1.
Therefore, with the dry roof 1, damage caused by thermal expansion of the deck plate 10 that would have accumulated near the center of a normal dry roof 1 can be eliminated by thermal expansion near the strong support beams B, significantly improving the fire resistance of the dry roof 1. Furthermore, it is possible to offset and reduce the various increased costs of reinforcing materials applied to normal dry roofs by reducing the coverage area to the minimum necessary.

In addition, the wooden portion 20 also functions as a decorative finishing material that hides the underside of the deck plate main body 10a, so simply by providing the wooden portion 20 on the deck plate 10, the dry roof 1 can be given the function of fire-resistant covering that blocks heat input to the deck plate 10 as well as the function of a decorative finish.This simplifies the processing applied to the deck plate 10, while improving the fire resistance and appearance of the deck plate 10 and dry roof 1, preventing condensation by improving insulation performance, and improving sound insulation, thereby improving the living environment.
In addition, the reinforcing effect of the wooden section 20 is not limited to fire resistance, and it is expected that the strength against vertical or horizontal loads can be improved in terms of structural performance, so that various benefits can be obtained, such as an increase in the allowable span, a reduction in the specifications of the deck plate, or the omission of brace materials that bear horizontal loads. For example, regarding the improvement of in-plane shear strength, the deck plate has a function of bearing in-plane shear forces caused by earthquakes and wind, and the presence of the wooden section 20 can improve this function, so that the strength can be improved without changing the structure of the deck plate and its mutual joints. On the other hand, when performance equivalent to that of a deck plate without the wooden section 20 is required, the presence of the wooden section 20 allows the deck plate and its structure, such as the height and plate thickness of the deck plate, their mutual joints, and horizontal brace materials, to be appropriately omitted or simplified, and the span and load of the slab can be increased.
Other benefits include improved structural performance, for example, and the presence of the wooden section 20 can improve the vertical load support function when the deck plate is constructed or when the deck slab is completed. On the other hand, when performance equivalent to that of a deck plate or deck slab without the wooden section 20 is required, the presence of the wooden section 20 can simplify the configuration of the deck plate or deck slab, for example, the height and plate thickness of the deck plate, and the joint specifications with the beams and purlins, and can increase the span and load.
In addition, simply by precasting the wooden section 20 into the valley section 13 of the deck plate main body 10a, the deck plate 10 can be finished in design and given fire resistance. Therefore, simply by installing the deck plate 10 on the support beams B on site, the underlayment work and ceiling finishing for the dry roof 1 can be carried out simultaneously, thereby reducing the labor required for on-site construction and reducing construction costs.
Furthermore, by subjecting the wooden portion 20 to a fireproofing treatment that imparts fire resistance to a specified period of time, the thickness of the wooden portion 20 required for the required fire resistance can be reduced.
Furthermore, by providing the dry roof 1 with fire resistance for a specified period of time, the thickness of the wooden portion 20 required for the required fire resistance can be reduced.
In addition, because spaces S1 and S2 are formed between the underside of the deck plate main body 10a and the wooden part 20, an air layer can be formed in the dry roof 1, and the heat transfer to the upper side (attic side) of the dry roof 1 can be suppressed by improving the heat insulation. In addition, since the heat insulation performance is improved, the cost can be reduced by reducing the heat insulation part on the upper side. This makes it possible to extend the time until the ignition temperature of combustible materials outside the building is reached.
Furthermore, since the wooden section 20 is also provided on the underside of the ridges 11 of the deck plate main body 10a, when the deck plate main body 10a, the sheathing section 40, the insulation section 50, and the waterproof section 60 are fixed with the fixing sections 70 as shown in Fig. 8, the wooden section 20 serves as a receptacle for dust D generated in each section due to threading of the fixing sections 70, and prevents the dust D from falling into the room. This makes it possible to omit the curing work required when installing the insulation section 50, etc. Furthermore, when the insulation section 50 is added or the waterproof section 60 is replaced during repair work, the dust D generated during construction does not affect the room, and the indoor space can be used as usual.
In addition, when attaching the insulation section 50 etc. to the deck plate 10, the fixing section 70 can be engaged with the wooden section 20 to improve the attachment strength of each section, and costs can be reduced by reducing the number of fixing members, etc.
Furthermore, even if the required fire resistance performance is changed during large-scale renovation of a building, the wooden section 20 can be retrofitted from the inside of the room, thereby increasing the flexibility of construction.

＜Other＞
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and includes all aspects included in the concept and scope of the claims of the present invention. In addition, each configuration may be appropriately and selectively combined so as to achieve at least a part of the above-mentioned problems and effects. In addition, for example, the shape, material, arrangement, size, etc. of each component in the above embodiments may be appropriately changed depending on the specific use of the present invention.
For example, if the vicinity of the center of the dry roof 1 is reinforced, then the vicinity of the center should not be covered by the wooden section 20. In short, in the dry roof 1, only the reinforced area or the area that is stronger than the others should not be covered by the wooden section 20 for a predetermined range according to the reinforcement specifications, so that the strong area can be made a weak point in terms of fire resistance.
In addition, the reinforcement specifications are not limited to those described above, and the range of the underside of the deck plate main body 10a that is not covered by the wooden portion 20 can be set depending on each specification, or in cases where the design function is satisfied without reinforcement.
Furthermore, a fire-resistant member having fire resistance, such as a plaster board, may be provided in place of the wooden portion 20 attached to the deck plate body 10a. In this case, it is preferable that the plaster board is previously given a design finish.

9 and 10, even when the frame foundation 200 is attached to the deck plate 10, the mounting strength of the frame foundation 200 can be improved by engaging the fixing members 210 of the frame foundation 200 with the wooden portion 20 of the deck plate 10 as well. Here, the frame foundation 200 is attached to the deck plate 10 and serves as a base for installing equipment such as a solar power generation system, a hot water unit for heating water, an outdoor unit of an air conditioner, and other equipment including signs, on the roof of a building. The frame foundation 200 includes a mounting plate 220 attached to the deck plate 10 and a connecting device 230 for connecting the equipment.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 9, when the connecting device 230 is provided above the valley portion 13 of the deck plate main body 10a, a flat mounting plate 220 is provided across the adjacent peak portions 11 of the deck plate main body 10a, and the deck plate main body 10a, wooden portion 20, and mounting plate 220 are connected using fixing members 210 such as screws. Then, the connecting device 230 is erected on the mounting plate 220 and fixed with screws or the like.
10, when the connecting device 230 is provided above the peaks 11 of the deck plate main body 10a, a plate-like mounting plate 220 formed to follow the shape of the peaks 11 is provided from the entire area of one peak 11 to the adjacent valley 13, and the deck plate main body 10a, wood section 20, and mounting plate 220 are connected using fixing members 210 such as screws. Then, the connecting device 230 is erected on the mounting plate 220 and fixed to the mounting plate 220 using screws or the like.
In either case, since the frame foundation 200 can be connected and fixed not only to the deck plate main body 10a but also to the wooden portion 20, the mounting strength of the frame foundation 200 can be improved.

Reference Signs List 1 dry roof 10 deck plate 10a deck plate main body 11 peak 12 groove 13 valley 14 convex 15 inclined 16 engagement 17 bulge 18 groove 20 wood 40 sheathing 50 heat insulating 60 waterproof 70 fixed parts S1, S2 space

Claims (10)

A deck plate used in a dry roof and having a performance-enhancing member attached to its upper surface,
A deck plate comprising a wooden portion provided on the underside of the deck plate and covering at least the underside of the mounting position of the member. The deck plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the wooden portion has a thickness calculated by multiplying the added fire resistance time by the carbonization rate of the wooden portion. The wooden portion is subjected to a fireproofing treatment that adds fire resistance for a predetermined period of time,
3. The deck plate according to claim 2, wherein the wooden portion has a thickness calculated by multiplying the fire resistance time minus the predetermined time by a carbonization rate of the wooden portion. The deck plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the deck plate body has fire resistance for a specified period of time. A deck plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wooden portion is formed from a decorative finishing material or the like. The deck plate body has a plurality of alternating peaks and valleys.
The wooden portion is attached to the valley portion,
4. The deck plate according to claim 1, wherein a space is formed between the wooden portion and the mountain portion. The deck plate according to claim 1;
A heat insulating portion provided on an upper surface of the deck plate;
A dry roof comprising: The dry roof described in claim 7, characterized in that it is provided with a waterproof section that covers the insulating section. The dry roof according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that it has a sheathing section provided between the deck plate and the insulation section. A fixing portion for fixing the heat insulating portion to the deck plate is provided,
The dry roof according to claim 9, characterized in that the fixing portion is fixed to the sheathing portion, the deck plate main body portion, or the wooden portion.

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