WO2024128106A1 - 熱成形用積層体、それを用いた成形体および成形体の製造方法 - Google Patents
熱成形用積層体、それを用いた成形体および成形体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024128106A1 WO2024128106A1 PCT/JP2023/043746 JP2023043746W WO2024128106A1 WO 2024128106 A1 WO2024128106 A1 WO 2024128106A1 JP 2023043746 W JP2023043746 W JP 2023043746W WO 2024128106 A1 WO2024128106 A1 WO 2024128106A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hard coat
- coat layer
- meth
- protective film
- thermoforming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/046—Forming abrasion-resistant coatings; Forming surface-hardening coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an after-cure type thermoforming laminate, a molded article using the same, and a method for producing the molded article.
- thermoformable decorative films e.g., films
- Thermoformable laminates with a hard coat are generally manufactured by applying a hard coat liquid to a substrate and then curing it (Patent Document 1).
- thermoforming laminates have a protective film attached to the surface of the hard coat layer to prevent scratches and foreign matter from getting caught in them. If foreign matter gets caught in them during the molding process, it will cause a significant decrease in yield, so it is desirable to mold the thermoforming laminate in a clean environment with the protective film attached.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- thermoforming laminates when thermoforming is performed with a protective film attached, there is a problem that the pattern of the protective film is transferred, deteriorating the appearance. For these reasons, in conventional after-cure type thermoforming laminates, it has been common to peel off the protective film before molding. In order to solve the above problems, a thermoforming laminate has been proposed that can be thermoformed with the protective film attached and that can give a molded product with excellent thermoformability, chemical resistance, scratch resistance, etc. (Patent Document 2).
- the surface is desirable for the surface to have fingerprint resistance, particularly in mobile devices such as smartphones and laptops, and in-vehicle display front panels.
- fingerprint resistance particularly in mobile devices such as smartphones and laptops
- in-vehicle display front panels it is desirable for the surface to have fingerprint resistance, particularly in mobile devices such as smartphones and laptops, and in-vehicle display front panels.
- a molded article with fingerprint resistance can be manufactured using a laminate with a hard coat layer, it will be possible to provide products with added value, such as fingerprints that are less noticeable and easier to wipe off.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an after-cure type thermoforming laminate that can produce a molded product with excellent fingerprint wiping properties.
- thermoforming laminate in which the surface free energy of the hard coat layer is 20.0 mJ/ m2 or less after the hard coat layer is cured.
- thermoforming laminate a molded article having excellent fingerprint wiping properties can be produced.
- the present invention is, for example, as follows.
- thermoforming laminate comprising a base layer, an uncured hard coat layer, and a protective film laminated in this order, After removing the protective film and curing the hard coat layer, the surface free energy of the hard coat layer surface is 20.0 mJ/ m2 or less; The surface free energy is calculated based on the Kaelble-Uy method from the average contact angle of water and the average contact angle of hexadecane on the surface of the hard coat layer. After-cure thermoforming laminate.
- the hard coat layer contains a polymer having a (meth)acryloyl group and inorganic oxide nanoparticles,
- the hard coat layer further contains a leveling agent, The content of the leveling agent is 0.001 to 10 parts by weight when the total amount of the polymer and the nanoparticles contained in the uncured hard coat layer is 100 parts by weight.
- the hard coat layer further contains a photopolymerization initiator, The content of the photopolymerization initiator is 1 to 6 parts by weight when the total amount of the polymer and the nanoparticles contained in the uncured hard coat layer is 100 parts by weight.
- the hard coat layer further contains a light stabilizer, The content of the light stabilizer is 0.1 to 10 parts by weight when the total amount of the polymer and the nanoparticles contained in the uncured hard coat layer is 100 parts by weight.
- the after-cure type thermoforming laminate according to any one of [3] to [6-1].
- thermoforming the after-cure type thermoforming laminate according to any one of [1] to [10-1]; removing the protective film from the thermoformed after-cure thermoforming laminate; and curing the hard coat layer exposed on the surface by removing the protective film.
- thermoforming is carried out by insert molding.
- the present invention provides an after-cure type thermoforming laminate that can produce a molded product with excellent fingerprint wiping properties.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment.
- the after-cure type thermoforming laminate of the present invention is formed by laminating an uncured hard coat layer and a protective film in this order, and after removing the protective film and curing the hard coat layer, the surface free energy of the hard coat layer surface is 20.0 mJ/ m2 or less.
- the surface free energy is calculated based on the Kaelble-Uy method from the values of the average contact angle of water and the average contact angle of hexadecane on the hard coat layer surface after curing.
- the present inventors have succeeded in obtaining an after-cure type thermoforming laminate in which the surface free energy of the hard coat layer surface is 20.0 mJ/ m2 or less after thermoforming and hardening the hard coat layer. It has been confirmed that the hard coat layer having such surface free energy has excellent fingerprint wiping properties. Therefore, by forming an after-cure type thermoforming laminate having such a hard coat layer, a molded product having excellent fingerprint wiping properties can be obtained.
- the fingerprint wiping properties refer to the ease of wiping off fingerprints attached to the surface of an object when wiping them off with a cloth or the like (ease of erasing fingerprints). Molded products having excellent fingerprint wiping properties can be suitably used in various home appliances, in-vehicle products, automobile interior parts, and the like, including mobile devices such as smartphones and notebook computers and in-vehicle display front panels.
- the fluorine-based leveling agent contained in the hard coat composition can affect the surface free energy of the hard coat layer.
- one factor is that the surface free energy of the hard coat layer is reduced due to the fluorine component in the fluorine-based leveling agent being present on the surface of the hard coat layer.
- the material of the protective film used to protect the hard coat layer surface may also affect the fingerprint wiping properties of the hard coat layer surface.
- the adhesive surface of the protective film located on the hard coat layer side has an average contact angle with water of 90° or more and an average contact angle with hexadecane of 8° or more before being attached to the hard coat layer.
- the smaller the average contact angle of hexadecane on the adhesive surface of the protective film the easier it is to adhere to the hard coat layer, and the more likely it is that a sticky glue component will remain on the hard coat layer when the protective film is peeled off.
- the fingerprint wiping properties of the hard coat layer surface are deteriorated. Therefore, by using a protective film with an average contact angle with hexadecane of a certain level or more, it can be peeled off cleanly from the hard coat layer, and the fingerprint wiping properties of the hard coat layer surface can be further improved.
- thermoforming laminate includes (a) a substrate layer, (b) a curable (uncured) hard coat layer, and (c) a protective film, which are laminated in the order of (a) substrate layer, (b) hard coat layer, and (c) protective film. That is, the thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment has (a) substrate layer laminated on one surface of (b) hard coat layer, and (c) protective film laminated on the other surface of (b) hard coat layer.
- the laminate according to the embodiment may also have layers other than the above (a) to (c), and may have a plurality of each of (a) to (c).
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a thermoforming laminate according to an embodiment.
- the laminate 10 has a structure in which a hard coat layer 16 is laminated on a substrate layer (e.g., a substrate layer consisting of a polymethyl methacrylate layer (PMMA resin layer) 20 and a polycarbonate layer (PC resin layer) 22), and a protective film 12 is further laminated on top of the hard coat layer 16.
- a substrate layer e.g., a substrate layer consisting of a polymethyl methacrylate layer (PMMA resin layer) 20 and a polycarbonate layer (PC resin layer) 22
- a protective film 12 is further laminated on top of the hard coat layer 16.
- the surface of the hard coat layer 16 is protected by the protective film 12.
- the substrate layer consists of two or more layers in this way, the arrangement is not particularly limited.
- thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment is an after-cure type. Therefore, the thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment has an uncured hard coat layer, and the molding process can be performed while the hard coat layer is still uncured.
- the molding process is performed while the hard coat layer is still uncured, specifically, the thermoforming laminate is molded into a desired shape, the protective film is peeled off, and the hard coat layer exposed on the surface can be cured. Molding may be performed after peeling off the protective film, but as described below, according to the embodiment of the present invention, molding can be performed while the protective film is still attached.
- the means for curing the hard coat layer depends on the material of the hard coat layer, but examples include curing with active energy rays or heat.
- thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment can be successfully molded while the protective film is still attached. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the hard coat layer from being scratched or foreign matter from being caught in it during molding.
- the mixed liquid for the hard coat layer to be applied to the substrate layer is referred to as the "hard coat composition”
- the state in which the hard coat composition is applied to the substrate layer and dried before curing is referred to as the "uncured hard coat layer”
- the state in which the hard coat layer is cured by active energy rays, heat, etc. is referred to as the "cured hard coat layer”.
- the cured state also includes a semi-cured state in which the hard coat layer is not completely cured.
- Substrate layer The substrate layer is preferably laminated so as to be in contact with the surface of the hard coat layer opposite to the protective film, but is not limited thereto, and other layers may be disposed between the substrate layer and the hard coat layer.
- the substrate layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin.
- a thermoplastic resin there are no particular limitations on the type of thermoplastic resin, but various resins such as polycarbonate (PC) resin, acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide (PI), cycloolefin copolymer (COC), norbornene-containing resin, polyethersulfone, cellophane, and aromatic polyamide can be used.
- PC polycarbonate
- acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide (PI), cycloolefin copolymer (COC), norbornene-containing resin, polyethersulfone, cellophane, and aromatic polyamide
- PC polycarbonate
- PET polyethylene ter
- the type of polycarbonate resin is not particularly limited as long as it contains a carbonate bond -[O-R-OCO]- (R is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a group containing both an aliphatic group and an aromatic group, and may have a linear or branched structure) in the molecular main chain.
- R is an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, or a group containing both an aliphatic group and an aromatic group, and may have a linear or branched structure
- polycarbonate resins having a bisphenol skeleton are preferred, and bisphenol A type polycarbonate resins having a bisphenol A skeleton or bisphenol C type polycarbonate resins having a bisphenol C skeleton are particularly preferred.
- the polycarbonate resin a mixture of bisphenol A type polycarbonate resin and bisphenol C type polycarbonate resin, or a copolymer of bisphenol A and bisphenol C may be used.
- a bisphenol C type polycarbonate resin for example, a polycarbonate resin made of bisphenol C, a mixture of bisphenol A type polycarbonate resin and bisphenol C type polycarbonate resin, or a copolymer of bisphenol A and bisphenol C).
- Acrylic resins are also preferred as the thermoplastic resin contained in the base layer.
- Specific examples include, but are not limited to, homopolymers of various (meth)acrylic acid esters such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), and copolymers of PMMA, MMA, or monomers constituting these with one or more other monomers.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- a mixture of multiple resins can also be used.
- (meth)acrylates containing a cyclic alkyl structure which have low birefringence, low moisture absorption, and excellent heat resistance, are preferred.
- Examples of such (meth)acrylates include, but are not limited to, Acrypet (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon), Delpet (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals), and Parapet (manufactured by Kuraray).
- the substrate layer may be formed of multiple layers having different compositions.
- a substrate layer consisting of the above-mentioned polycarbonate resin layer and acrylic resin layer can be used.
- the substrate layer consisting of multiple layers is not limited to a two-layer structure, and may be three or more layers.
- a hard coat layer is laminated on the acrylic resin side.
- a film with excellent fingerprint wiping properties can be obtained by laminating a hard coat layer that imparts fingerprint wiping properties on an acrylic layer that has poor fingerprint wiping properties.
- the viscosity average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the substrate layer is preferably 15,000 to 40,000, more preferably 20,000 to 35,000, and even more preferably 22,500 to 25,000.
- the base layer may also contain additives as components other than the thermoplastic resin.
- additives include heat stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, flame retardant assistants, UV absorbers, release agents, colorants, etc., and the base layer may contain one or more of these.
- antistatic agents, fluorescent brighteners, antifogging agents, flow improvers, plasticizers, dispersants, antibacterial agents, etc. may also be added to the base layer.
- the content of the thermoplastic resin in the base layer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more, based on the mass of the base layer.
- the ratio of polycarbonate resin to the base layer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the ratio of acrylic resin to the base layer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the thickness of the substrate layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.10 mm to 1.0 mm.
- the thickness of the substrate layer is, for example, 0.15 mm to 0.80 mm, 0.18 mm to 0.60 mm, or 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. By having the thickness in this range, a film having excellent formability and hardness can be realized.
- the base layer is made up of a plurality of layers, the thickness of each layer may be within the above-mentioned range, and the thickness of the entire base layer may be within the above-mentioned range.
- the composition of the hard coat layer is not particularly limited as long as the surface free energy on the hard coat layer surface after curing is 20.0 mJ/ m2 or less.
- the surface free energy is calculated based on the Kaelble-Uy method by measuring the average contact angle of water and the average contact angle of hexadecane on the hard coat layer surface after curing.
- the average contact angles of water and hexadecane are measured for the hard coat layer after curing, so that, for example, the thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment is optionally thermoformed, the protective film located on the hard coat layer surface is removed, and the hard coat layer is cured, and the measurement can be performed using the hard coat layer after curing.
- the surface free energy of the hard coat layer after curing is preferably 19.0 mJ/m 2 or less, more preferably 18.0 mJ/m 2 or less, and may be, for example, 15.0 to 20.0 mJ/m 2 , 15.0 to 19.0 mJ/m 2 , or 15.0 to 18.0 mJ/m 2 .
- the material of the hard coat layer is not particularly limited, but preferably contains, for example, an active energy ray curable resin or a thermosetting resin.
- an active energy ray curable resin or a thermosetting resin.
- the hard coat layer may further contain various additives for improving the properties, and such additives include nanoparticles, photopolymerization initiators, leveling agents, light stabilizers, polymerization inhibitors, etc.
- the hard coat layer preferably contains an active energy ray curable resin or a thermosetting resin, more preferably contains an active energy ray curable resin.
- Any resin having active energy ray curability can be used as the active energy ray curable resin.
- active energy ray curable resins include (meth)acrylate polymers, more specifically, epoxy (meth)acrylate polymers, urethane (meth)acrylate polymers, and polyester (meth)acrylate polymers.
- polymers having a (meth)acryloyl group such as (meth)acrylate polymers having a (meth)acryloyl group, are preferably used.
- examples of such polymers include epoxy (meth)acrylate polymers having a (meth)acryloyl group, urethane (meth)acrylate polymers having a (meth)acryloyl group, and polyester (meth)acrylate polymers having a (meth)acryloyl group.
- Active energy ray curable resins are easily available from various companies.
- polymers having a (meth)acryloyl group are also referred to as (meth)acryloyl polymers.
- (meth)acrylate means methacrylate and/or acrylate
- (meth)acryloyl group means methacryloyl group and/or acryloyl group.
- Other similar descriptions are also interpreted as above.
- Epoxy (meth)acrylate polymer The active energy ray curable resin may be, for example, an epoxy (meth)acrylate polymer. Among them, an epoxy (meth)acrylate polymer having a (meth)acryloyl group is preferable. A synthesis example of an epoxy (meth)acrylate is shown in formula (1). An epoxy (meth)acrylate can be obtained by adding an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having an unsaturated bond to an epoxy compound.
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and the alkyl group may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from an epoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an acryloyl group, and a methacryloyl group; and R' is a methyl group or a hydrogen atom.
- An epoxy (meth)acrylate polymer can be obtained, for example, by copolymerizing (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic acid glycidyl ether to synthesize an epoxy resin having a (meth)acrylate skeleton, and then adding acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc. to the epoxy resin.
- An example of the synthesis is shown in formula (2).
- Suitable epoxy (meth)acrylate polymers include, for example, those having repeating units shown in formula (I) below:
- m is an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a single bond
- n is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom
- p is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms
- q is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have one or more substituents selected from an epoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group, or a hydrogen atom.
- m is an alkylene group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms
- n is an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms
- p is a single bond or a methylene group
- q is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have one or more substituents selected from an epoxy group, a hydroxyl group, and an acryloyl group, or a hydrogen atom.
- m is a methylene group
- n is a methyl group
- p is a single bond
- q is an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms which may have one or more substituents selected from a methyl group and an epoxy group, or an alkyl group having 8 or less carbon atoms which may have one or more substituents selected from a hydroxyl group and an acryloyl group.
- repeating unit represented by formula (I) include those represented by the following formulae (II-a), (II-b) and (II-c).
- the proportion of the repeating units of formula (II-a) is preferably 30 to 85 mol%, more preferably 40 to 80 mol%, based on the total number of moles of the repeating units of formula (II-a), (II-b) and (II-c).
- the repeating units of formula (II-b) are preferably 5 to 30 mol%, more preferably 10 to 25 mol%, based on the total number of moles.
- the repeating units of formula (II-c) are preferably 10 to 40 mol%, more preferably 10 to 35 mol%, based on the total number of moles.
- the molar ratio of the repeating unit of formula (II-a), the repeating unit of formula (II-b), and the repeating unit of formula (II-c) is preferably 4.5-5.5:1.5-2.5:2.5-3.5, for example, about 5:2:3.
- Urethane (meth)acrylate polymer The polymer having a (meth)acryloyl group may be a urethane (meth)acrylate polymer. Specific examples include the urethane (meth)acrylate polymers described below. A preferred specific example of the urethane (meth)acrylate polymer is a urethane (meth)acrylate polymer that includes a structural unit derived from an isocyanate compound and a structural unit derived from a compound having a (meth)acryloyloxy group and a hydroxyl group.
- the isocyanate compound is, for example, an aromatic isocyanate which may have an alkyl substituent (such as a methyl group), preferably an aromatic isocyanate having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, more preferably an aromatic isocyanate having 7 to 14 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably an aromatic isocyanate having 8 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the isocyanate compound is preferably an aromatic isocyanate, but aliphatic and alicyclic isocyanates may also be used.
- isocyanate compounds include, for example, tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate, modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, norbornene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(isocyanate
- polyisocyanates include polyisocyanates such as methyl)cyclohexane, phenylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, lysine triisocyanate, and naphthalene diisocyanate, trimer compounds or tetramer compounds of these polyisocyanates,
- isocyanate compounds particularly preferred are diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, a trimethylolpropane (TMP) adduct of toluene diisocyanate, an isocyanate of toluene diisocyanate, a TMP adduct of xylylene diisocyanate, and dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), and the like, which are represented by the following formulas.
- TMP trimethylolpropane
- H12MDI dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- XDI xylylene diisocyanate
- acrylate compounds for forming a urethane (meth)acrylate polymer containing a cyclic skeleton molecular structure include pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPPA), and hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate (hydroxypropyl acrylate; HPA).
- PETA pentaerythritol triacrylate
- DPPA dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate
- HPA hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate
- a compound having a (meth)acryloyloxy group and a hydroxyl group for example, a monofunctional (meth)acrylic compound having a hydroxyl group, can also be used.
- Examples of the monofunctional (meth)acrylic compound having a hydroxyl group include hydroxyl group-containing mono(meth)acrylates ⁇ for example, hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates [for example, hydroxy C2-20 alkyl-(meth)acrylates such as 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl(meth)acrylate, preferably hydroxy C2-12 alkyl-(meth)acrylate, more preferably hydroxy C2-6 alkyl-(meth)acrylate], polyalkylene glycol mono(meth)acrylates [for example, poly C2-4 alkylene glycol mono(meth)acrylates such as diethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate], and 3 or more hydroxyalkylene glycol mono(meth)acrylates.
- hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates for example, hydroxy C2-20 alkyl-(meth)acrylates such
- Examples of the mono(meth)acrylate of a polyol having a sil group [for example, an alkane polyol mono(meth)acrylate such as glycerin mono(meth)acrylate or trimethylolpropane mono(meth)acrylate, or a mono(meth)acrylate of an alkane polyol polymer such as diglycerin mono(meth)acrylate] ⁇ , N-hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylamide (for example, N-hydroxy C1-4 alkyl(meth)acrylamide such as N-methylol(meth)acrylamide or N-(2-hydroxyethyl)(meth)acrylamide), and an adduct of a lactone (for example, a C4-10 lactone such as ⁇ -caprolactone) added to the hydroxyl group of these compounds (for example, a hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate) (for example, an adduct of about 1 to 5 moles of lactone added).
- a preferred specific example of the compound for forming a (meth)acryloyloxy group is 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate.
- pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPPA), and hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate (hydroxypropyl acrylate; HPA) are particularly preferred.
- Copolymer of Isocyanate Compound and Acrylate Compound Preferred specific examples of a copolymer of an isocyanate compound and an acrylate compound, that is, a urethane (meth)acrylate polymer, include a copolymer of xylylene diisocyanate (XDI) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), a copolymer of XDI and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPPA), a copolymer of dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI) and PETA, a copolymer of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and PETA, a copolymer of XDI and hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate (HPA), and the like.
- XDI xylylene diisocyanate
- PETA pentaerythritol triacrylate
- examples of urethane (meth)acrylate polymers containing a molecular structure with a cyclic skeleton include copolymers using polyol compounds in addition to the above-mentioned isocyanate compounds and acrylate compounds.
- Polyol compounds polyhydric alcohols are compounds that have two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule, and examples thereof include the following.
- examples of polyol compounds include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,2-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,2-dimethyl-2,4 ...
- dihydric alcohols such as dimethyl glycol, tetramethylene glycol, 3-methyl-4,3-pentanediol, 3-methyl-4,5-pentanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,4-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, and hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester; and polylactones obtained by adding lactones such as ⁇ -caprolactone to these dihydric alcohols.
- Diols Diols; ester diols such as bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate; polyether diols such as alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polybutylene glycol; ⁇ -olefin epoxides such as propylene oxide and butylene oxide; monoepoxy compounds such as Cardura E10 [Shell Chemical Co., Ltd., glycidyl ester of synthetic highly branched saturated fatty acid]; trihydric or higher alcohols such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, diglycerin, triglycerin, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, and mannitol; polylactone polyols in which lactones such as ⁇ -caprolactone are added to these trihydric or higher
- urethane (meth)acrylate polymer containing a constituent unit derived from tricyclodidecanedimethanol (TCDDM) represented by the following formula is preferably used.
- urethane (meth)acrylate polymers containing polyol structural units include copolymers of tricyclodidecanedimethanol (TCDDM), IPDI, and PETA, copolymers of TCDDM, H12MDI, and PETA, copolymers of these copolymers using DPPA instead of or together with PETA, and copolymers of TCDDM, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), and hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate (HPA).
- the urethane (meth)acrylate polymer containing a structural unit derived from a polyol compound in addition to an isocyanate compound and a compound having a (meth)acryloyloxy group and a hydroxyl group preferably contains at least a component represented by the following formula (i): (A3) -O(OC)HN-A2-HN(OC)-O-A1-O-(CO)NH-A2-NH-(CO)O-(A3) ...
- A1 is an alkylene group derived from the polyol compound described above
- Each A2 is independently an alkylene group derived from the isocyanate compound described above
- Each A3 is independently an alkyl group derived from the above-mentioned compound having a (meth)acryloyloxy group and a hydroxyl group.
- An example of a compound for forming A3 is 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate.
- urethane (meth)acrylate polymers include the following compounds containing structural units derived from ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol triacrylate, and isophorone diisocyanate:
- n is an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
- the ratio of the constituent units derived from the compound having a (meth)acryloyloxy group and a hydroxyl group to the constituent units derived from the isocyanate compound is preferably 99:1 to 30:70 (weight ratio), more preferably 97:3 to 60:40, and even more preferably 95:5 to 80:20.
- a preferred example of the urethane (meth)acrylate polymer is one containing a structural unit derived from a urethane (meth)acrylate and a structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylate.
- a more preferred example of such a urethane (meth)acrylate polymer is one containing a structural unit derived from a hexafunctional urethane (meth)acrylate and a structural unit derived from a difunctional (meth)acrylate.
- the urethane (meth)acrylate polymer preferably contains a structural unit derived from a urethane (meth)acrylate, in particular, a hexafunctional urethane (meth)acrylate.
- hexafunctional urethane acrylates include those represented by the following formulas, i.e., a reaction product of dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), a reaction product of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and PETA, etc.
- hexafunctional urethane acrylates include UN-3320HC (a reaction product of H12MDI and PETA: manufactured by Negami Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.), CN-968 (a reaction product of IPDI and PETA: manufactured by Sartomer Japan Co., Ltd.), CN-975 (manufactured by Sartomer Japan Co., Ltd.), etc.
- the (meth)acrylate structural unit capable of constituting the urethane (meth)acrylate polymer is preferably a structural unit derived from a compound having 4 to 20 carbon atoms which contains at least one (meth)acryloyloxy group and at least one vinyl ether group and which may have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms in the (meth)acrylate is preferably 6 to 18, and more preferably 8 to 16.
- Examples of the substituent in the (meth)acrylate include an alkyl group.
- the (meth)acrylate is preferably difunctional.
- (meth)acrylate for example, 2-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate [2-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate: VEEA] of the following formula is preferably used.
- R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the ratio of the structural units derived from the urethane acrylate to the structural units derived from the (meth)acrylate is preferably 99:1 to 30:70 (weight ratio), more preferably 97:3 to 60:40, and even more preferably 95:5 to 80:20.
- fluorine-containing urethane (meth)acrylate polymer As the (meth)acrylate polymer, a fluorine-containing urethane acrylate polymer may be used.
- the fluorine-containing urethane acrylate polymer preferably contains at least a component represented by the following formula (ii): (A3) -O(OC)HN-A2-HN(OC)-O-A1-O-(CO)NH-A2-NH-(CO)O-(A3) ...
- A1 is preferably an alkylene group derived from a fluorine-containing diol having 8 or less carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and the number of carbon atoms is preferably 6 or less, for example, 1 to 4.
- substituent contained in the alkylene group of A1 include an alkyl group and the like.
- A2 are each independently an alkylene group derived from an aliphatic or alicyclic isocyanate having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms in A2 is preferably 6 to 16, and more preferably 8 to 12.
- Examples of the substituent of the alkylene group in A2 include an alkyl group.
- an example of the alicyclic isocyanate that forms A2 is isophorone diisocyanate of the following formula.
- A3 is each independently an alkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms which contains at least one (meth)acryloyloxy group and may further have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms in A3 is preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 8 to 16.
- Examples of the substituent of the alkyl group in A3 include a branched alkyl group.
- A3 preferably contains at least two (meth)acryloyloxy groups, and may contain, for example, three (meth)acryloyloxy groups.
- A3 is derived from, for example, pentaerythritol triacrylate of the following formula.
- the fluorine-containing urethane acrylate polymer is preferably one formed from each of the above-mentioned compounds, and the fluorine-containing urethane acrylate includes, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (IV).
- Polyester (meth)acrylate polymer The polymer having a (meth)acryloyl group may be a polyester (meth)acrylate polymer.
- the polyester (meth)acrylate polymer include a polymer obtained by a dehydration condensation reaction of (meth)acrylic acid, a polybasic carboxylic acid (anhydride), and a polyol.
- polybasic carboxylic acid (anhydride) used in such a dehydration condensation reaction examples include succinic acid (anhydride), adipic acid, maleic acid (anhydride), itaconic acid (anhydride), trimellitic acid (anhydride), pyromellitic acid (anhydride), hexahydrophthalic acid (anhydride), phthalic acid (anhydride), isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid.
- polyols used in the dehydration condensation reaction include 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, dimethylolheptane, dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, trimethylolpropane, ditrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol.
- polyester (meth)acrylate polymers include Aronix M-6100, Aronix M-7100, Aronix M-8030, Aronix M-8060, Aronix M-8530, and Aronix M-8050 (all trade names of polyester (meth)acrylate oligomers manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.), Laromer PE44F, Laromer LR8907, Laromer PE55F, Laromer PE46T, and Laromer LR8800 (all BAS Examples include polyester (meth)acrylate oligomers manufactured by F Co., Ltd.), Ebecryl 80, Ebecryl 657, Ebecryl 800, Ebecryl 450, Ebecryl 1830, Ebecryl 584 (all of which are product names of polyester (meth)acrylate oligomers manufactured by Daicel-UCB Co., Ltd.), Photomer RCC13-429, Photomer 5018 (all of which are product names of polyester (meth)acrylate oligomers manufactured by Da
- active energy ray-curable resins As the active energy ray-curable resin, (meth)acrylate polymers other than those mentioned above, for example, (meth)acrylate polymers not containing a (meth)acryloyl group or (meth)acrylate polymers not containing a (meth)acrylate skeleton, can also be used. Furthermore, as the active energy ray-curable resin, compounds other than (meth)acrylate compounds, such as epoxy compounds and oxetane compounds, can also be used.
- the hard coat layer may contain one type of resin or two or more types.
- the resin content in the hard coat layer is preferably 40 to 99 parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 95 parts by weight, and even more preferably 60 to 90 parts by weight, when the total of the resin and the nanoparticles is 100 parts by weight.
- the polymer When using a polymer having a (meth)acryloyl group, preferably a (meth)acrylate polymer having a (meth)acryloyl group, as the active energy ray curable resin, the polymer preferably has a (meth)acrylic equivalent of 200 to 700 g/eq.
- the (meth)acrylic equivalent of the polymer having a (meth)acryloyl group is more preferably 250 to 700 g/eq, further preferably 300 to 600 g/eq, and particularly preferably 360 to 550 g/eq.
- the (meth)acrylic equivalent (g/eq) means the molecular weight per (meth)acryloyl group defined as [molecular weight/number of (meth)acryloyl groups].
- the (meth)acrylate polymer as the active energy ray curable resin preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 200,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the (meth)acrylate polymer is preferably 10,000 to 150,000, more preferably 15,000 to 100,000, and even more preferably 20,000 to 50,000.
- the weight average molecular weight can be measured based on the description in paragraphs [0061] to [0064] of JP 2007-179018 A. Details of the measurement method are shown below.
- a calibration curve showing the relationship between the elution time and the molecular weight of the polymer is created by a universal calibration method using polystyrene as a standard polymer. Then, the elution curve (chromatogram) of the (meth)acrylate polymer is measured under the same conditions as in the case of the above-mentioned calibration curve. Furthermore, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is calculated from the elution time (molecular weight) of the polycarbonate resin and the peak area (number of molecules) at that elution time.
- a hard coat layer containing a (meth)acrylate polymer having the above-mentioned (meth)acrylic equivalent and weight-average molecular weight has good tack-free properties before curing and good scratch resistance after curing, and it is also possible to successfully proceed with curing and polymerization reactions.
- a polymer having a (meth)acryloyl group in the hard coat layer the tack-free properties (anti-stickiness) are improved, and it is possible to suppress deterioration of the appearance even when thermoforming is performed with a protective film attached. This is because the protective film is easily peeled off from the laminate after thermoforming.
- Such polymers having a (meth)acryloyl group are commercially available and can be easily obtained. For example, they are available from Dainippon Ink, Kyoeisha Chemical, DSP Gokyo Food & Chemical, etc.
- the hard coat layer may contain a pentaerythritol-based multifunctional acrylate compound.
- multifunctional acrylate compounds having multiple acrylate groups, preferably three or more acrylate groups include pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, which are represented by the following formulas (3) and (4), respectively.
- Other examples include pentaerythritol triacrylate.
- the content of the polyfunctional acrylate compound in the hard coat layer is preferably 70 parts by weight or less, more preferably 50 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 30 parts by weight or less, when the total of the curable resin and polyfunctional acrylate compound contained in the hard coat layer is 100 parts by weight.
- a polyfunctional acrylate compound to the hard coat composition and reacting it with an acryloyl group, a glycidyl group (epoxy group), a hydroxyl group, etc. contained in the side chain of the resin (e.g., a (meth)acrylate polymer), a hard coat layer with higher scratch resistance can be formed.
- the hard coat layer may contain nanoparticles. This can improve the scratch resistance and hardness of the hard coat layer.
- the nanoparticles may be inorganic or organic particles, but are preferably inorganic nanoparticles, and more preferably inorganic oxide nanoparticles.
- metal oxide nanoparticles such as nanosilica, nanoalumina, nanotitania, and nanozirconia are used. Nanodiamonds and the like may also be used.
- the hard coat layer preferably contains silica particles as nanoparticles.
- the nanoparticles contained in the hard coat layer are preferably treated with a surface treatment agent.
- the surface treatment allows the inorganic nanoparticles to be stably dispersed in the hard coat composition, particularly in the resin (e.g., (meth)acrylate polymer).
- a compound having a substituent that can be bonded to the surface of the nanoparticles and a substituent that is highly compatible with the components of the hard coat layer in which the nanoparticles are dispersed e.g., (meth)acrylate polymers, polymers having (meth)acryloyl groups, etc.
- a silane compound, alcohol, amine, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, etc. can be used as a surface treatment agent.
- the inorganic nanoparticles preferably have polymerizable groups on their surfaces.
- the polymerizable groups can be introduced by surface treatment of the inorganic nanoparticles.
- Specific examples of the polymerizable groups include vinyl groups, meth(acrylic) groups, and free radical polymerizable groups.
- the average particle size of the nanoparticles may be preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 5 to 200 nm, 5 to 180 nm, 5 to 90 nm, 10 to 80 nm, 20 to 70 nm, etc.
- the average particle size of the nanoparticles can be measured by observing the cross section of the hard coat layer with an electron microscope photograph.
- the average particle size can be determined by taking a TEM image of the cross section of a particle created by FIB processing or the like, measuring the diameters of 50 observed particles, and calculating the average value. If the particles are not spherical, the average value of the major axis and minor axis is regarded as the diameter of the particle. For example, by using nanoparticles having an average particle size of 5 to 200 nm, a hard coat layer having high nanoindenter hardness (uncured) in addition to fingerprint wiping properties can be obtained.
- the hard coat layer preferably contains 1 to 60 parts by weight of nanoparticles, for example inorganic nanoparticles, when the total of the resin and nanoparticles contained in the uncured hard coat layer is 100 parts by weight. More preferably, the hard coat composition contains 5 to 55 parts by weight of inorganic nanoparticles, and even more preferably, it contains 10 to 50 parts by weight of inorganic nanoparticles.
- the hard coat layer may contain a leveling agent. This improves the leveling property, antifouling property, and abrasion resistance of the hard coat layer.
- a fluorine-based additive is preferably used.
- the fluorine-based compound contained in the fluorine-based additive for example, a compound having a perfluoropolyether bond can be mentioned.
- the Megafac RS series of DIC Corporation, the KY series of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., the Optool series of Daikin Corporation, etc. can be used.
- the content of the leveling agent is preferably 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 5 parts by weight, even more preferably 0.001 to 4 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 0.001 to 3 parts by weight, when the total of the resin and nanoparticles contained in the uncured hard coat layer is 100 parts by weight.
- the resin contained in the hard coat layer is preferably active energy ray curable or heat curable, more preferably active energy ray curable, and particularly preferably ultraviolet ray curable. Therefore, the hard coat layer may further contain a photopolymerization initiator.
- photopolymerization initiators examples include IRGACURE 184 (1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone), IRGACURE 1173 (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one), IRGACURE TPO (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide), IRGACURE 819 (bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide), and EsacureONE (oligo(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl]propanone). Among these, EsacureONE is preferred as the photopolymerization initiator from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the content of the photopolymerization initiator in the hard coat layer is preferably 1 to 6 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 5 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 2 to 4 parts by weight, when the total of the resin and nanoparticles contained in the uncured hard coat layer is 100 parts by weight.
- the hard coat layer may contain a light stabilizer. This can suppress deterioration of the resin due to exposure to ultraviolet light during weather resistance testing.
- light stabilizers that can be used include hindered amine compounds such as Tinuvin 123 (manufactured by BASF), Tinuvin 770DF (manufactured by BASF), Tinuvin 144 (manufactured by BASF), and LA-81 (manufactured by ADEKA).
- the content of the light stabilizer in the hard coat layer is preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 7 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 0.3 to 5 parts by weight, when the total of the resin and nanoparticles contained in the uncured hard coat layer is 100 parts by weight.
- the hard coat layer may contain a polymerization inhibitor.
- the polymerization inhibitor suppresses polymerization of the curable resin caused by light or heat, and improves storage stability.
- the polymerization inhibitor include hydroxy aromatics, quinone compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and sulfur compounds. More specifically, for example, phenothiazine, 2-hydroxynaphthoquinone, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-oxyl, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, etc. can be used.
- the hard coat layer may contain other additives such as a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, a flame retardant assistant, an ultraviolet absorber, a release agent, a colorant, etc.
- a heat stabilizer such as a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, a flame retardant assistant, an ultraviolet absorber, a release agent, a colorant, etc.
- an antistatic agent such as a fluorescent brightener, an antifogging agent, a flow improver, a plasticizer, a dispersant, an antibacterial agent, etc.
- the dilution solvent used in the preparation of the hard coat composition is used to adjust the viscosity, and any non-polymerizable solvent can be used without particular restrictions. By using a dilution solvent, the hard coat composition can be easily applied onto the substrate layer.
- Diluting solvents include, for example, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, 3-methoxybutanol, etc.
- the hard coat layer is produced by applying a hard coat composition containing the above-mentioned materials onto a layer adjacent to the hard coat layer (e.g., a substrate layer).
- the hard coat composition can be prepared by mixing each material and further stirring the mixture with a disperser.
- Examples of methods for applying the hard coat composition include methods using a bar coater, gravure coater, die coater, dip coater, spray coater, etc.
- the hard coat composition is applied, it is dried at a specified temperature.
- the drying temperature is preferably 30 to 150°C, and more preferably 60 to 130°C.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 2 to 7 ⁇ m. By keeping the thickness within the above range, the desired performance of the hard coat layer can be obtained, and problems with adhesion and moldability are unlikely to occur.
- the hard coat layer according to the embodiment has excellent fingerprint wiping property. That is, when a fingerprint is attached to the surface of the hard coat layer after curing and wiped off with a cloth, it can be easily wiped off with a few times. For example, when a fingerprint is attached to the surface of the hard coat layer after curing and wiped off with a cloth, it can be wiped off with 5 times or less, preferably 4 times or less. Such a property is particularly desirable for mobile devices such as smartphones and notebook computers, home appliances, etc., and leads to the provision of products with added value.
- the hard coat layer according to the preferred embodiment has excellent scratch resistance, that is, it has the property of being difficult to scratch. Specifically, after removing the protective film and curing the hard coat layer, when the surface of the hard coat layer is scratched by moving steel wool back and forth 15 times under a pressure of 100 gf/ cm2 , the haze change ( ⁇ H) of the hard coat layer before and after scratching is 3.0% or less. This haze change is preferably 2.0% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less, and particularly preferably 1.0% or less. The specific measurement method is as described in the examples below, but the haze change ( ⁇ H) is evaluated based on JIS K 7136:2000.
- the hard coat layer according to a preferred embodiment has a preferred nanoindenter hardness. That is, when the nanoindenter hardness of the uncured hard coat layer is measured, the nanoindenter hardness at 30° C. is 200 N/mm 2 or more, for example, 200 to 420 N/mm 2.
- the nanoindenter hardness is preferably 220 N/mm 2 or more (for example, 220 to 420 N/mm 2 ), more preferably 250 N/mm 2 (for example, 250 to 420 N/mm 2 ) or more.
- the handleability in the uncured state is good.
- the specific method for measuring the nanoindenter hardness is as described in the examples described later.
- the average contact angle of water is preferably 90° or more, more preferably 100° or more, and particularly preferably 105° or more.
- the average contact angle of hexadecane is preferably 45° or more, more preferably 50° or more, and particularly preferably 55° or more.
- the surface free energy calculated from these values falls within a desired range.
- the above-mentioned average contact angle of water and the average contact angle of hexadecane are measured in the same manner as the average contact angle of the protective film described in the examples below.
- Protective film A protective film is placed on the surface of the hard coat layer to prevent the surface of the hard coat layer from being scratched during a molding process or the like.
- the protective film is attached to the surface of the hard coat layer, for example, after applying a hard coat composition onto a substrate layer and drying it.
- the surface of the protective film in contact with the hard coat layer is preferably an adhesive surface having a moderate adhesive force, and is attached to the surface of the hard coat layer.
- the configuration of the protective film is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a single-layer film having only an adhesive layer, or a film having a two-layer structure of a substrate and an adhesive layer.
- the adhesive surface of the adhesive layer is laminated on the hard coat layer so that it is in contact with the hard coat layer.
- the protective film may be a multilayer structure further including layers other than the substrate and adhesive layer described above.
- the protective film may also be a single-layer structure, and even in a single-layer protective film, the adhesive surface on the hard coat layer side has a moderate adhesive force.
- the substrate preferably contains a thermoplastic resin, more preferably a polyolefin resin.
- the polyolefin resin contained in the protective film include polyethylene and polypropylene, and may be a homopolymer or a copolymer.
- polyethylene is preferred.
- the polyethylene low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), etc. can be used, with low density polyethylene being preferred.
- polystyrene resin a copolymer of ethylene or propylene with a monomer copolymerizable therewith can be used.
- monomers that can be copolymerized with ethylene or propylene include ⁇ -olefins, styrenes, dienes, cyclic compounds, and oxygen atom-containing compounds.
- Examples of ⁇ -olefins include 1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, and 1-eicosene.
- Examples of styrenes include styrene, 4-methylstyrene, and 4-dimethylaminostyrene.
- Examples of dienes include 1,3-butadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, and 1,7-octadiene.
- Examples of cyclic compounds include norbornene and cyclopentene.
- Examples of oxygen-containing compounds include hexenol, hexenoic acid, and methyl octenate. These copolymerizable monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the copolymer may also be a copolymer of ethylene and propylene.
- the copolymer may be any of an alternating copolymer, a random copolymer, and a block copolymer.
- the polyolefin resin contained in the base material of the protective film may contain modified polyolefin resins modified with small amounts of carboxyl group-containing monomers such as acrylic acid, maleic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid.
- the modification is usually possible by copolymerization or graft modification.
- thermoplastic resin e.g., polyolefin resin
- the content of thermoplastic resin (e.g., polyolefin resin) in the substrate of the protective film is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 95% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the substrate.
- the adhesive layer of the protective film preferably contains an elastomer or a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the adhesive layer include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which may be homopolymers or copolymers. Among polyolefin resins, polyethylene is preferred.
- the content of the elastomer or thermoplastic resin in the adhesive layer of the protective film is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 95% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the adhesive layer.
- the thickness of the protective film is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 80 ⁇ m. Even if the protective film is composed of two or more layers, it is preferable that the total thickness of each layer is within the above range.
- the adhesive surface of the protective film i.e., the adhesive surface located on the hard coat layer side, preferably has an average contact angle of 90° or more with water and an average contact angle of 8° or more with hexadecane before being laminated with the hard coat layer.
- the average contact angle of water is more preferably 95° or more, particularly preferably 97° or more, and even more preferably 100° or more.
- the average contact angle of hexadecane is more preferably 10° or more, particularly preferably 15° or more, and even more preferably 16° or more.
- the protective film can be peeled off cleanly from the hard coat layer, and adhesive components are less likely to remain on the hard coat layer, resulting in further improvement in fingerprint wiping properties.
- the average contact angle of water and the average contact angle of hexadecane are measured as described in the examples described below.
- the adhesive strength of the adhesive surface of the protective film is preferably 5 (mN/25mm) or more and 5000 (mN/25mm) or less against the surface of the PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate resin layer), and more preferably 9 (mN/25mm) or more and 3000 (mN/25mm) or less.
- thermoforming laminate is manufactured as follows. First, the material of the base layer is processed into a layer (sheet) by a conventional method to prepare the base layer. For example, extrusion molding, cast molding, etc. can be used.
- extrusion molding is a method in which pellets, flakes, or powder of a resin composition is melted and kneaded in an extruder, then extruded from a T-die or the like, and the resulting semi-molten sheet is cooled and solidified while being pressed between rolls to form a sheet.
- a hard coat composition obtained by mixing the above-mentioned materials is then applied to the outer surface of the resulting substrate layer having one or more layers to form a hard coat layer.
- the above-mentioned protective film is laminated onto the hard coat layer to produce a thermoforming laminate.
- thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment is an after-cure type. Therefore, the thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment can be molded while the hard coat layer is uncured. Specifically, for example, the thermoforming laminate is molded into a desired shape (molded intermediate), the protective film is peeled off, and the hard coat layer exposed on the surface is cured. That is, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a molded body is provided by curing the uncured hard coat layer in the molded intermediate obtained by molding the after-cure type thermoforming laminate.
- a method for producing a molded body which includes thermoforming the after-cure type thermoforming laminate, removing the protective film from the thermoformed after-cure type thermoforming laminate, and curing the hard coat layer exposed on the surface by removing the protective film.
- a molding method for the laminate any method can be used as long as it is a method of heating and molding a film.
- the desired shape can be thermoformed by heating the substrate and molding it with air pressure, vacuum pressure molding, TOM molding, insert molding, etc. Among these, from the viewpoint of environmental load, it is desirable to use insert molding.
- the molding temperature is determined mainly by the Tg (glass transition temperature) of the thermoplastic resin contained in the substrate layer.
- the molding temperature is preferably about 0 to 70°C higher than the Tg of the thermoplastic resin contained in the substrate layer, and more preferably about 20 to 40°C higher.
- the thermoforming laminate according to the embodiment can be molded with a protective film attached, since the polymerization reaction (curing) of the hard coat layer is unlikely to proceed even at the above temperatures. By performing a series of operations with a protective film attached, it is possible to prevent the hard coat layer from being scratched or foreign matter from being caught during molding.
- the protective film is removed from the laminate thermoformed to a predetermined shape, and the hard coat layer is cured to obtain a molded article such as a cured film.
- the means for curing the hard coat layer can be appropriately determined according to the composition of the hard coat layer.
- the obtained molded article can be used as a resin film laminate used in, for example, mobile devices, automobile interior materials, home appliances, etc.
- Example 1 70 parts by weight of ultraviolet-curable (meth)acryloyl polymer (Kyoeisha Chemical, SMP-360A) was mixed with 30 parts by weight of nanosilica particles (Nissan Chemical Industries, organosilica sol MEK-AC-4130Y: average particle size 40-50 nm). Furthermore, 3 parts by weight of photopolymerization initiator ESACURE-ONE, 1 part by weight of fluorine-based leveling agent RS-90, and 1 part by weight of light stabilizer Tinuvin 123 were added. Then, cyclohexanone was added as a dilution solvent so that the solid content concentration was 25% by weight, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a hard coat composition.
- UV-curable (meth)acryloyl polymer Kyoeisha Chemical, SMP-360A
- nanosilica particles Nasan Chemical Industries, organosilica sol MEK-AC-4130Y: average particle size 40-50 nm.
- DF02U manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 0.254 mm
- the hard coat composition obtained above was applied to the PMMA side of the substrate layer.
- the application process was performed using a #3.5 wire-wound rod, and the applied hard coat composition was dried at 130°C for 3 minutes.
- the coated surface was then protected with a protective film to obtain a thermoforming laminate.
- a laminate film (CF620A, manufactured by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd., thickness 30 ⁇ m) was used, in which an adhesive layer of elastomer (PE + rubber type) was laminated onto a PP (polypropylene) substrate.
- the formed hard coat layer had a thickness of approximately 4 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 Except for using a different protective film, a thermoforming laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the protective film used in Example 2 was a laminated film (MX-157-N, manufactured by Nihon Matai Co., Ltd., thickness 30 ⁇ m) in which a PE (polyethylene) adhesive layer was laminated on a PP (polypropylene) substrate.
- Example 3 Except for using a different protective film, a thermoforming laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the protective film used in Example 3 was a laminated film (manufactured by San-A Chemical Co., Ltd., PAC-NA2-40, thickness 40 ⁇ m) in which an adhesive layer of elastomer (rubber-based) was laminated onto a PE (polyethylene) substrate.
- PE polyethylene
- Example 4 A thermoforming laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 0.5 parts by weight of KY-1203 was used as the fluorine-based leveling agent.
- Example 5 A thermoforming laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 1.5 parts by weight of KY-1203 was used as the fluorine-based leveling agent.
- Example 6 A thermoforming laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that SMP-550AP manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical was used as the ultraviolet-curable (meth)acryloyl polymer.
- thermoforming laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 50 parts by weight of nanosilica particles (organosilica sol MEK-AC-4130Y, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were mixed with 50 parts by weight of ultraviolet-curable (meth)acryloyl polymer (SMP-360A, manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- nanosilica particles organosilica sol MEK-AC-4130Y, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- SMP-360A ultraviolet-curable (meth)acryloyl polymer
- thermoforming laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 30 parts by weight of K180SM-CL3 (manufactured by Admatechs, average particle size: about 180 nm) was used as the nanosilica particles.
- Example 9 Except for using a different protective film, a thermoforming laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the protective film used in Example 9 was a laminated film (MX-107N, manufactured by Nihon Matai Co., Ltd., thickness 30 ⁇ m) in which a PP (polypropylene) adhesive layer was laminated on a PP (polypropylene) substrate.
- Example 10 A thermoforming laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that SMP-220A manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as the ultraviolet-curable (meth)acryloyl polymer.
- thermoforming laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 30 parts by weight of 3SM-CL5 (manufactured by Admatechs Co., Ltd., average particle size: about 300 nm) was used as the nanosilica particles.
- 3SM-CL5 manufactured by Admatechs Co., Ltd., average particle size: about 300 nm
- thermoforming laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the protective film used in Comparative Example 1 was a laminated film (7A82, thickness 30 ⁇ m, manufactured by Toray Advanced Film Co., Ltd.) in which a special PO (polyolefin) adhesive layer was laminated on a PP (polypropylene) substrate.
- thermoforming laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that 4 parts by weight of a silicone-based leveling agent BYK-UV3575 was used as the leveling agent.
- thermoforming laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that MAP-7000 manufactured by Negami Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. was used as the ultraviolet-curable (meth)acryloyl polymer.
- thermoforming laminate prepared as above, each of the constituent members of the thermoforming laminate, and the hard coat layer after curing were evaluated for various physical properties as follows.
- (1) Average contact angle of water on adhesive surface of protective film The contact angle of water on the adhesive surface of the protective film before it was attached to the hard coat layer was measured.
- a contact angle meter (DropMaster manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.) was used for the measurement.
- a 2 ⁇ L water droplet was dropped onto the adhesive surface of the protective film, and the contact angle after 1 second was measured based on the fitting method (Height Width Automatic method ( ⁇ /2 method)).
- Nanoindenter hardness of uncured hard coat layer For the uncured hard coat layers obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples, the nanoindenter hardness of the cross section in the thickness direction was measured using an ultra-microindentation hardness tester (ENT-NEXUS manufactured by Elionix) under the following conditions. The measurement position was the center of the hard coat layer, and the average value of measurements at 25 points close to the center in the thickness direction of the center was taken as the indentation hardness (N/ mm2 ). Indenter: Berkovich indenter (vertical angle 65.03°) Surface detection: The applied load was set so that the amount of displacement was 1/10 of the hard coat layer (0.5 mN).
- SW hardness (scratch resistance) of the hard coat layer after curing First, the protective film was removed from the thermoforming laminates prepared in the examples and comparative examples. Then, the hard coat layer of the thermoforming laminates obtained in the examples and comparative examples was irradiated with ultraviolet light to harden the hard coat layer.
- the ultraviolet light irradiation was performed using a conveyor-type UV irradiator ECS-401GX manufactured by EYE GRAPHICS Co., Ltd. under the condition of 700 mj/cm 2 (measurement wavelength 360 nm, high-pressure mercury lamp).
- the surface of the hard coat layer after curing was scratched by moving #0000 steel wool back and forth 15 times under a pressure of 100 gf/ cm2 .
- the haze value before and after scratching was measured using a haze meter (HM-150, manufactured by Murakami Color Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JIS K 7136:2000.
- the absolute value ( ⁇ H) of the haze change before and after scratching was calculated. When the ⁇ H value was 3.0% or less, the scratch resistance was evaluated as good.
- thermoforming laminates according to the examples and comparative examples are summarized in Tables 2 and 3 below.
- Tables 2 and 3 show that the hard coat layers of the examples have excellent fingerprint wiping properties. It can be said that this fingerprint wiping property is further improved by using a protective film whose adhesive surface has a specified surface free energy.
- the hard coat layers of Examples 1 to 10 in particular have excellent abrasion resistance and are therefore less susceptible to scratches. These properties can be extremely beneficial in a variety of products (e.g., home appliances, automotive components, automotive interior parts, etc.).
- the hard coat layers of Examples 1 to 9 and 11 in particular have high nanoindenter hardness in the uncured state, and therefore also have good handleability in the uncured state.
- thermoforming laminate 10: thermoforming laminate, 12: protective film, 16: hard coat layer, 20: polymethyl methacrylate layer (substrate layer), 22: polycarbonate layer (substrate layer).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
製造方法に関する。
しかしながら、熱成形を行うには、熱成形用積層体の基材のガラス転移温度(Tg)以上の温度となるように加熱して、積層体を軟化させる必要がある。従来のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体において保護フィルムを貼り付けた状態で上記温度まで加熱を行うと、ハードコート層の硬化が進行し、熱成形性が大きく損なわれるという問題があった。
これらのことから、従来のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体においては、保護フィルムを剥がしてから成形することが一般的であった。上記のような課題を解決すべく、保護フィルムを貼り付けたまま熱成形することが可能であり、熱成形性、耐薬品性、耐擦傷性等に優れた成形体を得られる熱成形用積層体が提案されている(特許文献2)。
[1] 基材層と、未硬化のハードコート層と、保護フィルムとがこの順に積層されてなるアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体であって、
前記保護フィルムを除去して前記ハードコート層を硬化させた後において、該ハードコート層表面の表面自由エネルギーが20.0mJ/m2以下であり、
前記表面自由エネルギーは、前記ハードコート層表面における水の平均接触角とヘキサデカンの平均接触角の値から、Kaelble-Uy法に基づいて算出される、
アフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[2] 前記保護フィルムの前記ハードコート層側に位置する粘着面は、前記ハードコート層との貼り合わせ前において、水の平均接触角が90°以上であり、ヘキサデカンの平均接触角が8°以上である、[1]に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[3] 前記ハードコート層は、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーおよび無機酸化物ナノ粒子を含み、
前記ハードコート層における前記(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーの含有量は、前記ポリマーと前記ナノ粒子の合計を100重量部としたときに、40~99部%であり、前記無機酸化物ナノ粒子の含有量は、1~60重量部である、[1]または[2]に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[4] 前記(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーは、200~700g/eqの(メタ)アクリル当量を有し、前記無機酸化物ナノ粒子は、5~300nmの平均粒子径を有する、[3]に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[5] 前記ハードコート層は、レベリング剤をさらに含み、
該レベリング剤の含有量は、前記未硬化のハードコート層に含まれる前記ポリマーと前記ナノ粒子の合計を100重量部としたときに、0.001~10重量部である、
[3]~[4]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[6] 前記レベリング剤はフッ素系添加剤である、[5]に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[6-1] 前記ハードコート層は、光重合開始剤をさらに含み、
該光重合開始剤の含有量は、前記未硬化のハードコート層に含まれる前記ポリマーと前記ナノ粒子の合計を100重量部としたときに、1~6重量部である、
[3]~[6]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[7] 前記ハードコート層は、光安定剤をさらに含み、
該光安定剤の含有量は、前記未硬化のハードコート層に含まれる前記ポリマーと前記ナノ粒子の合計を100重量部としたときに、0.1~10重量部である、[3]~[6-1]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[8] 前記未硬化のハードコート層は、30℃でのナノインデンター硬度が200N/mm2以上である[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[9] 前記保護フィルムを除去して前記ハードコート層を硬化させた後において、該ハードコート層の表面上で、スチールウールを100gf/cm2の圧力下で15回往復させて擦傷した場合に、前記ハードコート層の擦傷前と擦傷後のヘーズ変化(ΔH)が、3.0%以下であり、
前記へーズ変化(ΔH)は、JIS K 7136:2000に基づいて評価される、
[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[10] 前記ハードコート層は活性エネルギー線硬化性である、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[10-1] 前記保護フィルムにおけるハードコート層側に位置する粘着面は、ハードコート層との貼り合わせ前において、水の平均接触角が90°以上であり、ヘキサデカンの平均接触角が8°以上である、[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
[11] [1]~[10-1]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体を成形してなる成形中間体における未硬化のハードコート層を硬化させてなる成形体。
[12] [1]~[10-1]のいずれかに記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体を熱成形することと、
前記熱成形されたアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体から保護フィルムを除去することと、
保護フィルムを除去することによって表面に露出したハードコート層を硬化させることと
を含む、成形体の製造方法。
[13] 前記熱成形はインサート成形により行われる、[12]に記載の方法。
一実施形態によると、本発明のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体は、未硬化のハードコート層と、保護フィルムとがこの順に積層されてなり、保護フィルムを除去してハードコート層を硬化させた後において、ハードコート層表面の表面自由エネルギーが20.0mJ/m2以下である。ここで、表面自由エネルギーは、硬化後のハードコート層表面における水の平均接触角とヘキサデカンの平均接触角の値から、Kaelble-Uy法に基づいて算出される。
[1]熱成形用積層体
実施形態に係る熱成形用積層体は、(a)基材層、(b)硬化性(未硬化)のハードコート層、および(c)保護フィルムを含み、これらが、(a)基材層、(b)ハードコート層、および(c)保護フィルムの順に積層されている。すなわち、実施形態に係る熱成形用積層体は、(b)ハードコート層の一方の表面に(a)基材層が、(b)ハードコート層の他方の表面に(c)保護フィルムが、それぞれ積層されている。また、実施形態に係る積層体は、上記(a)~(c)以外の層を具備していてもよく、(a)~(c)の各層を複数具備していてもよい。
基材層は、ハードコート層の保護フィルムとは反対側の表面に接するように積層されていることが好ましい。ただし、これに限定されるものではなく、基材層とハードコート層との間に他の層が配置されていてもよい。
基材層が複数の層からなる場合、各層の厚さが上述の範囲内であってもよく、基材層全体の厚さが上述の範囲内であってもよい。
ハードコート層の組成は、硬化後のハードコート層表面における表面自由エネルギーが20.0mJ/m2以下となる限り特に限定されない。表面自由エネルギーは、硬化後のハードコート層表面における水の平均接触角とヘキサデカンの平均接触角を測定し、Kaelble-Uy法に基づいて算出される。水およびヘキサデカンの平均接触角は、硬化後のハードコート層について測定されるものであるから、例えば、実施形態に係る熱成形用積層体を任意に熱成形し、ハードコート層表面に位置する保護フィルムを除去してからハードコート層を硬化させ、得られた硬化後のハードコート層を用いて測定することができる。より具体的な平均接触角の測定方法および表面自由エネルギーの算出方法は、後述する実施例に記載のとおりである。硬化後のハードコート層の表面自由エネルギーは、好ましくは19.0mJ/m2以下、より好ましくは18.0mJ/m2以下であり、例えば15.0~20.0mJ/m2、15.0~19.0mJ/m2、または15.0~18.0mJ/m2であってよい。
ハードコート層は、好ましくは活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂または熱硬化性樹脂を含み、より好ましくは活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂を含む。活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂としては、活性エネルギー線硬化性を有する樹脂であればいずれも使用可能である。活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂として、例えば(メタ)アクリレートポリマーが挙げられ、より具体的には、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートポリマー、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマー、ポリエステル(メタ)アクリレートポリマーが挙げられる。特に、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマー、例えば(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する(メタ)アクリレートポリマーが好適に用いられる。より具体的には、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するエポキシ(メタ)アクリレートポリマー、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマー、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリエステル(メタ)アクリレートポリマーが挙げられる。活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂は各社から容易に入手することが可能である。以下、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーを、(メタ)アクリロイルポリマーとも称する。
なお、本明細書において、(メタ)アクリレートとは、メタクリレートおよび/またはアクリレートを意味し、(メタ)アクリロイル基とは、メタクリロイル基および/またはアクリロイル基を意味する。その他の同様の記載も、上記のように解される。
活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂は、例えば、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートポリマーであってよい。中でも、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するエポキシ(メタ)アクリレートポリマーが好ましい。エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートの合成例を式(1)に示す。エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートは、エポキシ化合物に不飽和結合を有するアクリル酸やメタクリル酸などを付加することで得ることができる。
また、上(II-a)の繰り返し単位、式(II-b)の繰り返し単位、および式(II-c)の繰り返し単位のモル比は、好ましくは、4.5~5.5:1.5~2.5:2.5~3.5であり、例えば、約5:2:3である。
(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーは、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーであってもよい。具体的には、以下に記載するようなウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーが挙げられる。ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーの好ましい具体例として、イソシアネート化合物に由来する構成単位と、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基およびヒドロキシル基を有する化合物に由来する構成単位とを含むウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーも挙げられる。
イソシアネート化合物としては、例えば、アルキル置換基(メチル基等)を有していてもよい芳香族イソシアネートであって、好ましくは炭素数6~16の芳香族イソシアネート、さらに好ましくは炭素数7~14の芳香族イソシアネート、特に好ましくは炭素数8~12の芳香族イソシアネートが用いられる。
イソシアネート化合物は、芳香族イソシアネートであることが好ましいものの、脂肪族系、脂環式系のイソシアネートも用いられる。
環状骨格の分子構造を含むウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーを形成するためのアクリレート化合物としては、例えば、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA)、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(DPPA)、(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル(アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル;HPA)等が挙げられる。
また、アクリレート化合物として、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基とヒドロキシル基とを有する化合物、例えば、ヒドロキシル基を有する単官能性(メタ)アクリル系化合物を用いることもできる。
なお、これらのアクリレート化合物は、単独で用いても、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上述した中でも、特に、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA)、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(DPPA)、および(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル(アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル;HPA)が好ましい。
イソシアネート化合物とアクリレート化合物との共重合体、すなわち、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーの好ましい具体例としては、キシリレンジイソシアネート(XDI)とペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA)との共重合体、XDIとジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(DPPA)との共重合体、ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート(H12MDI)とPETAとの共重合体、イソホロンジイソシアネート(IPDI)とPETAとの共重合体、XDIと(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル(HPA)との共重合体等が挙げられる。
(A3)-O(OC)HN-A2-HN(OC)-O-A1-O-(CO)NH-A2-NH-(CO)O-(A3) ・・・(i)
(式(i)において、
A1は、上述のポリオール化合物に由来するアルキレン基であり、
A2は、それぞれ独立して、上述のイソシアネート化合物に由来するアルキレン基であり、
A3は、それぞれ独立して、上述した(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基とヒドロキシル基とを有する化合物に由来するアルキル基である。
A3を形成するための化合物として、例えば、2-ヒドロキシ-3-フェノキシプロピルアクリレートが挙げられる。
ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーの好ましい具体例として、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートに由来する構成単位と(メタ)アクリレートに由来する構成単位とを含むものが挙げられる。このようなウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーのより好ましい具体例として、6官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートに由来する構成単位と2官能(メタ)アクリレートに由来する構成単位とを含むものが挙げられる。
上述のように、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーは、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート、特に、6官能ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートに由来する構成単位を含むことが好ましい。
6官能ウレタンアクリレートの好ましい例として、以下の式で表されるもの、すなわち、ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート(H12MDI)とペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA)との反応生成物、イソホロンジイソシアネート(IPDI)とPETAとの反応生成物等が挙げられる。これらの6官能ウレタンアクリレートの好ましい製品の具体例としては、UN-3320HC(H12MDIとPETAとの反応生成物:根上工業株式会社製)、CN-968(IPDIとPETAとの反応生成物:サートマー・ジャパン株式会社製)、CN-975(サートマー・ジャパン株式会社製)等が挙げられる。
ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートポリマーを構成し得る(メタ)アクリレート構成単位は、少なくとも1つの(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基と、少なくとも1つのビニルエーテル基とを含み、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4~20の化合物に由来する構成単位であることが好ましい。(メタ)アクリレートの炭素数は、好ましくは6~18であり、より好ましくは8~16である。(メタ)アクリレートの置換基としては、アルキル基などが挙げられる。
また、(メタ)アクリレートは、2官能であることが好ましい。
(メタ)アクリレートとして、例えば、下記式の(メタ)アクリル酸2-(2-ビニロキシエトキシ)エチル[アクリル酸2-(2-ビニロキシエトキシ)エチル:VEEA]が好適に用いられる。
(メタ)アクリレートポリマーとして、含フッ素ウレタンアクリレートポリマーを用いてもよい。含フッ素ウレタンアクリレートポリマーは、下記式(ii)で表される成分を少なくとも含むことが好ましい。
(A3)-O(OC)HN-A2-HN(OC)-O-A1-O-(CO)NH-A2-NH-(CO)O-(A3)・・・(ii)
上記式(ii)において、A1は、置換基を有していてもよい、炭素数8以下の含フッ素ジオール由来のアルキレン基であることが好ましく、炭素数は、好ましくは6以下、例えば1~4である。A1のアルキレン基に含まれる置換基としては、アルキル基などが挙げられる。
また、A2を形成する脂環式のイソシアネートとして、例えば、下記式のイソホロンジイソシアネートが挙げられる。
また、A3は、例えば、下記式のペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートに由来する。
(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーは、ポリエステル(メタ)アクリレートポリマーであってもよい。ポリエステル(メタ)アクリレートポリマーとしては、(メタ)アクリル酸、多塩基性カルボン酸(無水物)およびポリオールの脱水縮合反応により得られるポリマーが挙げられる。このような脱水縮合反応に用いられる多塩基性カルボン酸(無水物)としては、(無水)コハク酸、アジピン酸、(無水)マレイン酸、(無水)イタコン酸、(無水)トリメリット酸、(無水)ピロメリット酸、ヘキサヒドロ(無水)フタル酸、(無水)フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸などが挙げられる。また、脱水縮合反応に用いられるポリオールとしては1,4-ブタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ジメチロールヘプタン、ジメチロールプロピオン酸、ジメチロールブチリオン酸、トリメチロールプロパン、ジトリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトールなどが挙げられる。
活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂として、上記以外の(メタ)アクリレートポリマー、例えば、(メタ)アクリロイル基を含まない(メタ)アクリレートポリマー、あるいは(メタ)アクリレート骨格を含まない(メタ)アクリレートポリマーなども使用できる。
また、活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂として、(メタ)アクリレート化合物以外のもの、例えば、エポキシ化合物、オキセタン化合物等も使用できる。
また、活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂としての(メタ)アクリレートポリマーは、5,000~200,000の重量平均分子量を有することが好ましい。(メタ)アクリレートポリマーの重量平均分子量は、好ましくは10,000~150,000であり、より好ましくは15,000~100,000であり、さらに好ましくは20,000~50,000である。
Mw=Σ(NiMi2)/Σ(NiMi)・・・・(A)
ハードコート層は、ペンタエリスリトール系の多官能性アクリレート化合物を含んでいてもよい。複数のアクリレート基、好ましくは3つ以上のアクリレート基を有する多官能性アクリレート化合物としては、例えば、以下の式(3)および(4)でそれぞれ示される、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレートおよびジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレートが挙げられる。その他、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート等が用いられる。
ハードコート層は、ナノ粒子を含んでいてもよい。それにより、ハードコート層の耐擦傷性や硬度を向上させることができる。ナノ粒子は、無機粒子であっても有機粒子であっても構わないが、好ましくは無機ナノ粒子であり、より好ましくは無機酸化物ナノ粒子である。例えば、ナノシリカ、ナノアルミナ、ナノチタニア、ナノジルコニアなどの金属酸化物ナノ粒子が用いられる。またナノダイヤモンドなどを用いても良い。
ナノ粒子の平均粒子径は、好ましくは5~300nm、より好ましくは5~200nm、5~180nm、5~90nm、10~80nm、20~70nm等であってよい。なお、ナノ粒子の平均粒子径はハードコート層の断面を電子顕微鏡写真で観察することにより測定することが出来る。例えばFIB加工などによって作成した粒子断面のTEM像を撮影し、観察された粒子50個の直径を測長して平均値を計算することで平均粒子径とすることができる。粒子が球形でない場合には長径と短径の平均値をその粒子の直径と見なす。例えば5~200nmの平均粒子径を有するナノ粒子を使用すると、指紋拭き取り性に加えてナノインデンター硬度(未硬化)が高いハードコート層を得ることができる。
ハードコート層は、レベリング剤を含んでいてもよい。それにより、ハードコート層のレベリング性、防汚性、耐摩耗性が向上する。レベリング剤としては、フッ素系添加剤が好ましく使用される。フッ素系添加剤に含まれるフッ素系化合物としては、例えば、パーフルオロポリエーテル結合を有する化合物が挙げられる。フッ素系添加剤は自分で合成することも可能であるが、市販品を容易に入手することが可能である。例えばDIC社のメガファックRSシリーズ、信越化学社のKYシリーズ、ダイキン社のオプツールシリーズなどが使用可能である。
上述したように、ハードコート層に含まれる樹脂は、好ましくは活性エネルギー線硬化性または熱硬化性であり、より好ましくは活性エネルギー線硬化性であり、特に好ましくは、紫外線硬化性である。よってハードコート層は、光重合開始剤をさらに含んでいてもよい。光重合開始剤としては、IRGACURE 184(1-ヒドロキシ-シクロヘキシル-フェニル-ケトン)、IRGACURE 1173(2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニル-プロパン-1- オン)、IRGACURE TPO(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル-ジフェニル-フォスフィンオキサイド)、IRGACURE 819(ビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-フェニルフォスフィンオキサイド)、EsacureONE(オリゴ(2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-[4-(1-メチルビニル)フェニル]プロパノン)等が用いられる。これらの中で、耐熱性の観点から、EsacureONE等が光重合開始剤として好ましい。
ハードコート層は、光安定剤を含んでいてもよい。それにより耐候性試験中の紫外線照射による樹脂の変質を抑制することができる。光安定剤としては、Tinuvin123(BASF社製)、Tinuvin770DF(BASF社製)、Tinuvin144(BASF社製)、LA-81(ADEKA社製)等、ヒンダードアミン系の化合物を使用可能である。
ハードコート層における光安定剤の含有量は、未硬化のハードコート層に含まれる樹脂とナノ粒子の合計を100重量部としたときに、好ましくは0.1~15重量部、より好ましくは0.1~7重量部、特に好ましくは0.3~5重量部である。
ハードコート層は、重合禁止剤を含んでいてもよい。重合禁止剤は、光や熱による硬化性樹脂の重合を抑制し、保存安定性を向上させる。重合禁止剤としては、例えば、ヒドロキシ芳香族類、キノン系化合物、窒素含有化合物、硫黄系化合物などが使用される。
より具体的には、例えば、フェノチアジン、2-ヒドロキシナフトキノン、N-イソプロピル-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、6-エトキシ-2,2,4トリメチル-1,2-ジヒドロキノリン、2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-オキソピペリジン-1-オキシル、2メルカプトベンゾイミダゾール等を使用することができる。
ハードコート層は、その他の添加剤、例えば、熱安定剤、酸化防止剤、難燃剤、難燃助剤、紫外線吸収剤、離型剤、着色剤等を含んでいてもよい。所望の物性を著しく損なわない限り、帯電防止剤、蛍光増白剤、防曇剤、流動性改良剤、可塑剤、分散剤、抗菌剤等をハードコート層に添加してもよい。
ハードコート層は、上述したような材料を含むハードコート組成物を、ハードコート層に隣接する層(例えば基材層)上に塗布することにより製造される。例えば、各材料を混合し、さらにディスパーにより撹拌して、ハードコート組成物を調製することができる。
(i)指紋拭き取り性
実施形態に係るハードコート層は、指紋拭き取り性に優れる。すなわち、硬化後のハードコート層表面に指紋を付着させ、それを布で拭き取ると、少ない回数で容易に拭き取ることができる。例えば、硬化後のハードコート層表面に指紋を付着させ、布で拭き取る場合、5回以下、好ましくは4回以下で拭き取ることができる。このような特性は、スマートフォン、ノートパソコン等のモバイル機器や家電等において特に望ましく、付加価値を有する商品の提供につながるものである。
好ましい実施形態に係るハードコート層は、優れた耐擦傷性を有する、すなわち傷が付きにくいという特性を有する。具体的には、保護フィルムを除去してハードコート層を硬化させた後において、ハードコート層の表面上で、スチールウールを100gf/cm2の圧力下で15回往復させて擦傷した場合に、ハードコート層の擦傷前と擦傷後のヘーズ変化(ΔH)が、3.0%以下である。このヘーズ変化は、好ましくは2.0%以下、より好ましくは1.5%以下、特に好ましくは1.0%以下である。具体的な測定方法は後述する実施例に記載するとおりであるが、へーズ変化(ΔH)は、JIS K 7136:2000に基づいて評価される。
好ましい実施形態に係るハードコート層は、好ましいナノインデンター硬度を有する。すなわち、未硬化のハードコート層のナノインデンター硬度を測定した場合、30℃でのナノインデンター硬度が200N/mm2以上、例えば200~420N/mm2である。ナノインデンター硬度は、好ましくは220N/mm2以上(例えば220~420N/mm2)、より好ましくは250N/mm2(例えば250~420N/mm2)以上である。未硬化のハードコート層のナノインデンター硬度が上記のような範囲であることにより、未硬化状態でのハンドリング性が良好である。なお、ナノインデンター硬度の具体的な測定方法は、後述する実施例に記載のとおりである。
硬化後のハードコート層表面において、水の平均接触角は、好ましくは90°以上、より好ましくは100°以上、特に好ましくは105°以上である。また、ヘキサデカンの平均接触角は、好ましくは45°以上、より好ましくは50°以上、特に好ましくは55°以上である。ハードコート層表面の水の平均接触角およびヘキサデカンの平均接触角がこのような範囲であることにより、これらの値から算出される表面自由エネルギーが所望の範囲となる。
なお、上述した水の平均接触角およびヘキサデカンの平均接触角は、後述する実施例に記載されている保護フィルムの平均接触角と同様に測定される。
ハードコート層表面には、成形工程等におけるハードコート層表面の傷つきを防止するため、保護フィルムが配置される。保護フィルムは、例えば基材層上にハードコート組成物を塗布して乾燥させた後、ハードコート層表面に貼り付けられる。保護フィルムのハードコート層に接する表面は、適度な粘着力を有する粘着面であり、ハードコート層の表面に貼り付けられるようになっていることが好ましい。保護フィルムの構成は特に限定されないが、粘着層のみの単層フィルムであるか、基材と粘着層との2層構造を有するフィルムであることが好ましい。2層構造の保護フィルムにおいては、粘着層の粘着面がハードコート層に接するようにハードコート層上に積層される。保護フィルムは、上述の基材と粘着層以外の層をさらに含む多層構造であっても良い。また、保護フィルムは、単層構造であってもよく、単層構造の保護フィルムにおいても、ハードコート層側の表面である粘着面が適度な粘着力を有している。
ポリエチレンとしては、低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)、超低密度ポリエチレン(VLDPE)、中密度ポリエチレン(MDPE)、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)等を用いることができるが、低密度ポリエチレンが好ましい。
また、共重合体は、交互共重合、ランダム共重合、ブロック共重合のいずれであってもよい。
実施形態に係る熱成形用積層体は、以下のように製造される。まず、基材層の材料を従来の手法で層状(シート状)に加工し、基材層を作製する。例えば、押出成形、キャスト成形等を用いることができる。押出成形の例としては、樹脂組成物のペレット、フレークあるいは粉末を押出機で溶融、混練後、Tダイ等から押し出し、得られた半溶融状のシートをロールで挟圧しながら、冷却、固化してシートを形成する方法が挙げられる。
そして得られた単一または複数の層を有する基材層の外側表面に、上述した材料を混合して得られたハードコート組成物を塗布して、ハードコート層を形成する。
さらに、ハードコート層上に上述の保護フィルムを貼り合わせて、熱成形用積層体が製造される。
実施形態に係る熱成形用積層体は、アフターキュア型である。したがって、実施形態に係る熱成形用積層体は、ハードコート層が未硬化のまま成形を行うことができる。具体的には、例えば、熱成形用積層体を所望の形状に成形し(成形中間体)、保護フィルムを剥がしてから、表面に露出したハードコート層を硬化させる。すなわち、本発明の一実施形態によると、アフターキュア型熱成形用積層体を成形してなる成形中間体における未硬化のハードコート層を硬化させてなる成形体が提供される。また、他の実施形態によると、アフターキュア型熱成形用積層体を熱成形することと、熱成形されたアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体から保護フィルムを除去することと、保護フィルムを除去することによって表面に露出したハードコート層を硬化させることとを含む、成形体の製造方法が提供される。積層体の成形方法としては、フィルムを加熱して成形する方法であれば、いずれの方法も使用可能である。例えば、基材を加熱し、空気圧で成形する圧空成形、真空条件で成形する真空圧空成形、TOM成形、インサート成形などにより、所望の形状に熱成形することができる。中でも、環境負荷の観点から、インサート成形を用いることが望ましい。
上述のように、所定の形状となるように熱成形した積層体から保護フィルムを除去してハードコート層を硬化させると、硬化フィルム等の成形体を得ることができる。ハードコート層を硬化させる手段は、ハードコート層の組成に応じて適宜決定することができる。得られた成形体は、例えば、モバイル機器、自動車内装部材、家電等において用いられる樹脂フィルム積層体として使用され得る。
(実施例1)
紫外線硬化性(メタ)アクリロイルポリマー(共栄社化学製、SMP-360A)70重量部に、ナノシリカ粒子(日産化学工業製、オルガノシリカゾルMEK-AC-4130Y:平均粒子径40~50nm)30重量部を混合した。さらに、光重合開始剤ESACURE-ONE 3重量部、フッ素系レベリング剤RS-90 1重量部、および光安定剤Tinuvin123 1重量部を添加した。その後、希釈溶剤としてシクロヘキサノンを固形分濃度が25重量%となるように加えて撹拌し、ハードコート組成物を得た。
異なる保護フィルムを使用したことを除き、実施例1と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。実施例2で使用した保護フィルムは、PP(ポリプロピレン)の基材にPE(ポリエチレン)の粘着層を積層した積層フィルム(日本マタイ株式会社製 MX-157-N、厚さ30μm)であった。
異なる保護フィルムを使用したことを除き、実施例1と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。実施例3で使用した保護フィルムは、PE(ポリエチレン)の基材にエラストマー(ゴム系)の粘着層を積層した積層フィルム(株式会社サンエー化研製、PAC-NA2-40、厚さ40μm)であった。
フッ素系レベリング剤としてKY-1203 0.5重量部を用いたことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
フッ素系レベリング剤としてKY-1203 1.5重量部を用いたことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
紫外線硬化性(メタ)アクリロイルポリマーとして、共栄社化学製 SMP-550APを用いたことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
紫外線硬化性(メタ)アクリロイルポリマー(共栄社化学製、SMP-360A)50重量部にナノシリカ粒子(日産化学工業製、オルガノシリカゾルMEK-AC-4130Y)50重量部を混合したことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
ナノシリカ粒子として、K180SM-CL3(アドマテックス製、平均粒子径:約180nm)30重量部を用いたことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
異なる保護フィルムを使用したことを除き、実施例1と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。実施例9で使用した保護フィルムは、PP(ポリプロピレン)の基材にPP(ポリプロピレン)の粘着層を積層した積層フィルム(日本マタイ株式会社製 MX-107N、厚さ30μm)であった。
紫外線硬化性(メタ)アクリロイルポリマーとして、共栄社化学社製 SMP-220Aを用いたことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
ナノシリカ粒子として、3SM-CL5(アドマテックス社製、平均粒子径:約300nm)30重量部を用いたことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
異なる保護フィルムを使用したことを除き、実施例1と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。比較例1で使用した保護フィルムは、PP(ポリプロピレン)の基材に特殊PO(ポリオレフィン)の粘着層を積層した積層フィルム(東レフィルム加工社製 7A82、厚さ30μm)であった。
レベリング剤としてシリコーン系レベリング剤BYK-UV3575 4重量部を用いたことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
紫外線硬化性(メタ)アクリロイルポリマーとして、根上工業社製 MAP-7000を用いたことを除き、実施例3と同様に熱成形用積層体を作製した。
上記のように作製した熱成形用積層体、熱成形用積層体の各構成部材、および硬化後のハードコート層について、以下のとおり種々の物性を評価した。
(1)保護フィルム粘着面における水の平均接触角
ハードコート層上に貼り付ける前の保護フィルムについて、粘着面における水の接触角を測定した。測定には、接触角計(協和界面科学株式会社製 DropMaster)を使用した。保護フィルムの粘着面に対して、2μLの水滴を滴下し、1秒後の接触角をフィッティング法(Height Width Automatic法(θ/2法))に基づいて測定した。N=3の平均値を水の平均接触角とした。
ハードコート層上に貼り付ける前の保護フィルムについて、粘着面におけるヘキサデカンの接触角を測定した。測定には、接触角計(協和界面科学株式会社製 DropMaster)を使用した。保護フィルムの粘着面に対して、2μLのヘキサデカン(C16H34)の液滴を滴下し、1秒後の接触角をフィッティング法(Height Width Automatic法(θ/2法))に基づいて測定した。N=3の平均値をヘキサデカンの平均接触角とした。
上記で得られた水およびヘキサデカンの平均接触角の値から、Kaelble-Uy法に従って表面自由エネルギーの値を算出した。
実施例および比較例で得られた未硬化のハードコート層について、厚み方向断面のナノインデンター硬度を、超微小押し込み硬さ試験機(エリオニクス社製の ENT-NEXUS)を使用し、以下の条件で測定した。測定位置はハードコート層の中央部とし、その中央部の厚み方向中心に近接する25点の測定平均値を押し込み硬さ(N/mm2)とした。
圧子:バーコビッチ圧子(対頂角65.03°)
表面検出:変位量がハードコート層の1/10となるように負荷荷重を設定した(0.5mN)
負荷曲線:10秒間 0.5mN(線形)
保持時間:5秒間 0.5mN
除荷曲線:10秒間 0mN(線形)
設定温度:30℃
装置設置環境:23℃、50%RH
上記の測定結果を用いて、ISO14577-1 2002-10-01 Part1に準拠した計算(装置内蔵ソフトによる計算)により、ナノインデンター硬度を算出した。
なお試料は吸湿の影響で硬度が変化するため、23℃50%RHの環境で24時間以上静置した後に測定した。
まず、実施例および比較例で作製した熱成形用積層体から保護フィルムを除去した。そして、実施例および比較例で得られた熱成形用積層体のハードコート層に紫外線を照射して、ハードコート層を硬化させた。紫外線照射は、アイグラフィック社製コンベア型UV照射機ECS-401GXを用いて、700mj/cm2(測定波長360nm、高圧水銀ランプ)の条件で行った。
得られた硬化後のハードコート層の表面に、#0000のスチールウールを100gf/cm2の圧力下で15回往復させ、ハードコート層を擦傷した。ヘイズメーター(村上色彩社製 HM-150)を用いて、JIS K 7136:2000に準拠して、擦傷前と後のヘーズ値を測定した。そして、擦傷前と擦傷後のヘーズ変化の絶対値(ΔH)を算出した。ΔHの値が3.0%以下である場合に、耐擦傷性が良好であると評価した。
硬化後のハードコート層について、保護フィルムと同様に水の接触角を測定し、同様に平均値を算出した。
(7)硬化後のハードコート層におけるヘキサデカンの平均接触角
硬化後のハードコート層について、保護フィルムと同様にヘキサデカンの接触角を測定し、同様に平均値を算出した。
(8)硬化後のハードコート層における表面自由エネルギー
上記で得られた水およびヘキサデカンの平均接触角の値から、Kaelble-Uy法に従って表面自由エネルギーの値を算出した。
ハードコート層硬化後の積層体の裏面を黒打ちし、ハードコート層の表面に指紋を付着させた。その後、指紋を布で拭き取り、下記の評価基準に従って指紋の拭き取りやすさを評価した。
A:2~4回の拭き取りで指紋が消失した。
B:5回の拭き取りで指紋が消失した。
C:6回以上の拭き取りで指紋が消失した。
Claims (13)
- 基材層と、未硬化のハードコート層と、保護フィルムとがこの順に積層されてなるアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体であって、
前記保護フィルムを除去して前記ハードコート層を硬化させた後において、該ハードコート層表面の表面自由エネルギーが20.0mJ/m2以下であり、
前記表面自由エネルギーは、前記ハードコート層表面における水の平均接触角とヘキサデカンの平均接触角の値から、Kaelble-Uy法に基づいて算出される、
アフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。 - 前記保護フィルムの前記ハードコート層側に位置する粘着面は、前記ハードコート層との貼り合わせ前において、水の平均接触角が90°以上であり、ヘキサデカンの平均接触角が8°以上である、請求項1に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
- 前記ハードコート層は、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーおよび無機酸化物ナノ粒子を含み、
前記ハードコート層における前記(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーの含有量は、前記ポリマーと前記ナノ粒子の合計を100重量部としたときに、40~99部%であり、前記無機酸化物ナノ粒子の含有量は、1~60重量部である、請求項1または2に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。 - 前記(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するポリマーは、200~700g/eqの(メタ)アクリル当量を有し、前記無機酸化物ナノ粒子は、5~300nmの平均粒子径を有する、請求項3に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
- 前記ハードコート層は、レベリング剤をさらに含み、
該レベリング剤の含有量は、前記未硬化のハードコート層に含まれる前記ポリマーと前記ナノ粒子の合計を100重量部としたときに、0.001~10重量部である、
請求項3または4に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。 - 前記レベリング剤はフッ素系添加剤である、請求項5に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
- 前記ハードコート層は、光安定剤をさらに含み、
該光安定剤の含有量は、前記未硬化のハードコート層に含まれる前記ポリマーと前記ナノ粒子の合計を100重量部としたときに、0.1~10重量部である、請求項5または6に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。 - 前記未硬化のハードコート層は、30℃でのナノインデンター硬度が200N/mm2以上である請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
- 前記保護フィルムを除去して前記ハードコート層を硬化させた後において、該ハードコート層の表面上で、スチールウールを100gf/cm2の圧力下で15回往復させて擦傷した場合に、前記ハードコート層の擦傷前と擦傷後のヘーズ変化(ΔH)が、3.0%以下であり、
前記へーズ変化(ΔH)は、JIS K 7136:2000に基づいて評価される、
請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。 - 前記ハードコート層は活性エネルギー線硬化性である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体を成形してなる成形中間体における未硬化のハードコート層を硬化させてなる成形体。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体を熱成形することと、
前記熱成形されたアフターキュア型熱成形用積層体から保護フィルムを除去することと、
保護フィルムを除去することによって表面に露出したハードコート層を硬化させることと
を含む、成形体の製造方法。 - 前記熱成形はインサート成形により行われる、請求項12に記載の方法。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380084793.7A CN120344392A (zh) | 2022-12-14 | 2023-12-07 | 热成型用叠层体、使用其的成型体及成型体的制造方法 |
| KR1020257011859A KR20250123759A (ko) | 2022-12-14 | 2023-12-07 | 열성형용 적층체, 그것을 이용한 성형체 및 성형체의 제조 방법 |
| EP23903394.7A EP4635731A1 (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2023-12-07 | Laminate for thermoforming, molded article using same, and method for producing molded article |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022-199624 | 2022-12-14 | ||
| JP2022199624A JP2024085217A (ja) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | 熱成形用積層体、それを用いた成形体および成形体の製造方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024128106A1 true WO2024128106A1 (ja) | 2024-06-20 |
Family
ID=91484969
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2023/043746 Ceased WO2024128106A1 (ja) | 2022-12-14 | 2023-12-07 | 熱成形用積層体、それを用いた成形体および成形体の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4635731A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2024085217A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20250123759A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN120344392A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202428790A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2024128106A1 (ja) |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001323088A (ja) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-11-20 | Toto Ltd | 樹脂成形体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2007179018A (ja) | 2005-11-30 | 2007-07-12 | Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Corp | 光拡散板用ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物および光拡散板 |
| JP2010248426A (ja) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-11-04 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 耐指紋性に優れた転写材及びその製造方法 |
| WO2012176742A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-27 | Jnc株式会社 | インモールド成形用転写フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2014000697A (ja) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-01-09 | Konica Minolta Inc | 撥水撥油性防汚フィルム、撥水撥油性防汚フィルムの製造方法及び撥水撥油性防汚板 |
| JP2014117944A (ja) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-30 | Jnc Corp | インモールド成形用転写フィルム、インモールド成形体の製造方法および成形体 |
| WO2014136608A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-12 | パナック株式会社 | タッチパネルの製造方法、タッチパネル、成型品の製造方法、成型品、及び積層フィルム |
| JP2017508828A (ja) | 2014-01-15 | 2017-03-30 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | アルコキシ化マルチ(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを含むハードコート及び表面処理されたナノ粒子 |
| WO2021157588A1 (ja) | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-12 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 熱成形用積層体および積層体の成形方法 |
| WO2021193809A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | フィルムインサート成形品およびフィルムインサート成形品の製造方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-12-14 JP JP2022199624A patent/JP2024085217A/ja active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-12-07 WO PCT/JP2023/043746 patent/WO2024128106A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-12-07 TW TW112147586A patent/TW202428790A/zh unknown
- 2023-12-07 EP EP23903394.7A patent/EP4635731A1/en active Pending
- 2023-12-07 KR KR1020257011859A patent/KR20250123759A/ko active Pending
- 2023-12-07 CN CN202380084793.7A patent/CN120344392A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001323088A (ja) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-11-20 | Toto Ltd | 樹脂成形体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2007179018A (ja) | 2005-11-30 | 2007-07-12 | Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Corp | 光拡散板用ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物および光拡散板 |
| JP2010248426A (ja) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-11-04 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 耐指紋性に優れた転写材及びその製造方法 |
| WO2012176742A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-27 | Jnc株式会社 | インモールド成形用転写フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2014000697A (ja) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-01-09 | Konica Minolta Inc | 撥水撥油性防汚フィルム、撥水撥油性防汚フィルムの製造方法及び撥水撥油性防汚板 |
| JP2014117944A (ja) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-30 | Jnc Corp | インモールド成形用転写フィルム、インモールド成形体の製造方法および成形体 |
| WO2014136608A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-12 | パナック株式会社 | タッチパネルの製造方法、タッチパネル、成型品の製造方法、成型品、及び積層フィルム |
| JP2017508828A (ja) | 2014-01-15 | 2017-03-30 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | アルコキシ化マルチ(メタ)アクリレートモノマーを含むハードコート及び表面処理されたナノ粒子 |
| WO2021157588A1 (ja) | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-12 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 熱成形用積層体および積層体の成形方法 |
| WO2021193809A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | フィルムインサート成形品およびフィルムインサート成形品の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| ANONYMOUS: "Technical Datasheet: Solvent-based Fluoropolymer coating NEOFLON FEP ND-2R", TECHNICAL DATASHEET, DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD., JP, 1 July 2019 (2019-07-01), JP, pages 1 - 1, XP009557900 * |
| ANONYMOUS: "What is surface free energy?", 13 February 2021 (2021-02-13), XP093181534, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20210213115319/https://www.face-kyowa.co.jp/science/theory/what_surface_free_energy.html> * |
| ANONYMOUS: "What is surface free energy?", 22 January 2021 (2021-01-22), XP093181516, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20210122092048/https://www.sanyo-si.com/learn/report/sfe/> * |
| KOIDE: "The story behind the development of "Acier," an organic/inorganic hybrid hard coating agent", NIDEK COATING TIPS, 22 March 2022 (2022-03-22), JP, XP009557701, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://coating.nidek.co.jp/article/column/a61> * |
| SAKASHITA HIROTOSHI, MORITA MASAMICHI, KUBO MOTONOBU: "Mechanism for Soil Release of Fluoroalkyl Acrylate/PEG Methacrylate Copolymers", JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE, vol. 50, no. 1, 1 January 2001 (2001-01-01), pages 57 - 64, XP093181526, DOI: 10.5650/jos.50.57 * |
| See also references of EP4635731A1 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120344392A (zh) | 2025-07-18 |
| EP4635731A1 (en) | 2025-10-22 |
| JP2024085217A (ja) | 2024-06-26 |
| KR20250123759A (ko) | 2025-08-18 |
| TW202428790A (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108883614B (zh) | 成型装饰用层叠膜 | |
| CN109641436B (zh) | 二阶段固化性叠层板 | |
| WO2021193809A1 (ja) | フィルムインサート成形品およびフィルムインサート成形品の製造方法 | |
| JPWO2015198787A1 (ja) | 活性エネルギー線硬化型樹脂組成物、塗料、塗膜、及び積層フィルム | |
| JP7726074B2 (ja) | 熱成形用積層体および積層体の成形方法 | |
| TWI840463B (zh) | 加飾用積層構件及加飾成形體之製造方法 | |
| EP4617055A1 (en) | Laminate for thermoforming, molded article using same, and method for producing molded article | |
| CN114929479B (zh) | 防眩性叠层体 | |
| JP5939361B2 (ja) | 活性エネルギー線硬化型樹脂組成物、塗料、塗膜、及び積層フィルム | |
| WO2021029266A1 (ja) | 成形用樹脂シートおよびそれを用いた成形品 | |
| WO2024128106A1 (ja) | 熱成形用積層体、それを用いた成形体および成形体の製造方法 | |
| WO2020203359A1 (ja) | 防眩性積層体 | |
| JP7369558B2 (ja) | 3次元成型品加飾用積層フィルム | |
| WO2025013642A1 (ja) | 熱成形用積層体 | |
| WO2022145300A1 (ja) | 加飾成型用積層フィルム、該フィルムの製造方法、および加飾成型体 | |
| WO2021033483A1 (ja) | 防眩性積層体 | |
| JP6217135B2 (ja) | インモールド成形用耐指紋フィルム | |
| CN121464043A (en) | Laminate for thermoforming | |
| CN120615174A (zh) | 防眩性叠层体及其制造方法 | |
| WO2021246295A1 (ja) | 成形用樹脂シートおよびそれを用いた成形品 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23903394 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202380084793.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023903394 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 202380084793.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2023903394 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20250714 |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020257011859 Country of ref document: KR |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2023903394 Country of ref document: EP |