WO2024115629A1 - Procede de reparation a chaud - Google Patents
Procede de reparation a chaud Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024115629A1 WO2024115629A1 PCT/EP2023/083663 EP2023083663W WO2024115629A1 WO 2024115629 A1 WO2024115629 A1 WO 2024115629A1 EP 2023083663 W EP2023083663 W EP 2023083663W WO 2024115629 A1 WO2024115629 A1 WO 2024115629A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- region
- formwork
- repaired
- industrial installation
- repair
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
- B22D41/023—Apparatus used for making or repairing linings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/04—Blast furnaces with special refractories
- C21B7/06—Linings for furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/14—Discharging devices, e.g. for slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/44—Refractory linings
- C21C5/441—Equipment used for making or repairing linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
- F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
- F27D2001/1605—Repairing linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
- F27D2001/1605—Repairing linings
- F27D2001/161—Hot repair
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for hot repair of an industrial installation, in particular an industrial installation other than a glassmaking furnace.
- An industrial installation subjected to high temperatures conventionally comprises parts made of a refractory product, chosen according to the location where they are arranged, so as to resist local constraints, in particular chemical and/or thermal attacks linked to operation. of said industrial installation, and provide it with a satisfactory lifespan.
- the choice can also be guided by the need not to generate defects during the operation of the industrial installation, in particular when it is a steel melting furnace. For example, in an induction furnace for melting steel, it is necessary to avoid the addition of phosphorus which weakens the steel.
- a repair consists of filling an empty space resulting from wear of the industrial installation with a repair material, that is to say, fixing a repair material in a region initially occupied by a refractory material and which has disappeared due to wear. This region is called the “repair region”.
- Figure 1 represents a region of an industrial installation 10 such as before wear (on the left), and after wear (on the right).
- a region to be repaired 30 can be “hollow”, that is to say in the form of a cavity 30i, for example in a bottom wall 24. It can also be “in protrusion”, that is to say being a region 302 in the extension of a block initially projecting.
- the region to be repaired can also pass through the wall of an enclosure, for example the side wall of a tank 31, putting the interior and exterior of the enclosure in fluid communication.
- Such a crossing region to be repaired can in particular lead to leaks, in particular of gas or product, in particular of molten product. These leaks are dangerous and can lead to a shutdown of operations.
- the repair region 30a is an example of a through repair region, created in a side wall 22.
- a region to be repaired is an empty space, that is to say devoid of refractory material, partially delimited by one or more refractory parts of the industrial installation
- a formwork is conventionally produced in order to materialize the region to be repaired and to produce, possibly with the refractory part(s), a mold capable of retaining the repair product before it hardens.
- the formwork elements for example in the form of plates, flat or not, are conventionally held by accessories in a service position in which they define said mold.
- the formwork comprises or consists of a part placed on the side where the wear initially occurred. This part of the formwork is called “inner formwork”. For example, to repair the wall of a furnace enclosure made of refractory blocks, an interior formwork is placed to delimit, inside the enclosure, the region to be repaired.
- the formwork may also include a part outside the enclosure, or "external formwork", in order to prevent the repair material from escaping into the enclosure. outside the enclosure.
- the exterior part of the formwork is classically a veneer.
- a “hot” repair is a repair that is carried out at a temperature typically above 250°C. Repairing hot therefore only requires a limited reduction in temperature, or even no reduction in temperature, which considerably limits the duration of interruption in the operation of the industrial installation, or even eliminates it.
- the region to be repaired is often difficult to access, which makes it difficult to create interior formwork for certain regions to be repaired.
- introduction of interior formwork elements may require providing passages through the wall of the enclosure.
- no operator can sometimes enter the enclosure.
- the operation of installing the interior formwork must therefore be carried out at a distance from the region to be repaired.
- the bulk and weight of the interior formwork elements can therefore considerably slow down the construction of the formwork.
- the mold is then filled with repair product, conventionally using a pump.
- the repair product undergoes a sudden rise in temperature as it enters the mold, leading in particular to a reduction in its ability to flow. It is therefore difficult to fill the mold evenly.
- the interior formwork is made of metal and is cooled by circulating water. After the repair product has hardened, the interior formwork is removed.
- the present invention aims to satisfy, at least partially, this need.
- the invention proposes a method for hot repair of a region of an industrial installation at a temperature above 250°C, in particular inside an enclosure of the industrial installation, in particular inside of an enclosure of an industrial furnace, called a "region to be repaired", the industrial installation being preferably different from a glassmaking furnace, said method comprising the following steps: a) installation of a formwork in a position of service, so as to make a mold around the region to be repaired; b) filling, preferably by casting, of the mold with a repair product, at least part of the formwork being made of a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC).
- CMC Ceramic Matrix Composite
- a CMC does not significantly modify the quality of the product manufactured in said installation when it is brought into contact with said product, and/or does not does not significantly modify the operation of said industrial installation, and therefore does not require removal of the formwork at the end of the repair.
- - is light, which makes it easier to handle, - is easy to conform to complex geometries, which allows precise adaptation to the configuration of the region to be repaired.
- a CMC resists thermal shock well, which in particular allows hot repair without damaging the formwork elements when they are introduced into an enclosure of the industrial installation.
- the invention thus allows a particularly rapid return to production of the industrial installation.
- an element configured to transfer molten metal, in particular from a furnace for melting said metal, said element being able to be physically separated from said furnace;
- a retention tank intended to retain a molten product at a temperature above 250°C, particularly in the event of accidental spillage of said product;
- the method comprises, after step b), a step 5) of sintering the repair product introduced into the mold in step b), the sintered repair product obtained being made up of a plurality of constituents, the content mass of any constituent of the sintered repair product present in a mass content greater than 5%,
- At least one element of said formwork has the shape of a part of the industrial installation which was projecting before said part disappeared through wear;
- the manufacture of the formwork includes taking an impression on a replica, at least partial, of said industrial installation as before the wear leading to the region to be repaired;
- the formwork is entirely made of a ceramic matrix composite
- At least one element of the formwork made of a ceramic matrix composite has through holes and/or recesses arranged so as to be filled by the repair product during step b);
- the mass of a formwork element preferably the mass of more than 50% by number of the formwork elements, preferably the mass of each of the formwork elements is greater than 3 kg, preferably greater than 4 kg and/or preferably less than 50 kg, preferably less than 40 kg, preferably less than 30 kg, preferably less than 20 kg;
- the largest dimension of a formwork element preferably more than 30% by number of the formwork elements, preferably more than 50% by number of the formwork elements is greater than 400 mm, preferably greater than 600 mm and preferably less than 1600 mm, preferably less than 1400 mm;
- - comprise(s) a matrix composed of more than 90% of oxides and/or carbides and/or nitrides and/or at least one oxynitride compound of at least the elements Si, Al and N, in particular of a sialon, in mass percentage, and/or
- step 3 preferably, in particular when the process includes a step 3), increasing and maintaining the temperature of the industrial installation between 400°C and 1400°C in order to sinter the repair product;
- the industrial installation comprises an enclosure containing a fluid product, preferably a powdery or molten product, in particular a molten metal, and said process comprises, before step a), the following step:
- step b) if the region to be repaired is, at least partially, delimited by a surface of the industrial installation in contact with said fluid product, emptying, at least partially, of said enclosure so as to expose said region to be repaired; and, after step b), the following step:
- the industrial installation comprises an enclosure containing a fluid product, preferably a powdery or molten product, in particular a molten metal, and said process comprises, before step a), the following steps:
- step b) 1) if the region to be repaired is, at least partially, delimited by a surface of the industrial installation in contact with said fluid product, emptying, at least partially, of said enclosure, so as to expose said region to be repaired; 3) reduction of the temperature in the region to be repaired to a temperature above 250°C; and, after step b), the following steps:
- step 3 the temperature in the region to be repaired is reduced to a temperature greater than 900°C and less than 1500°C;
- said method comprises a step of rinsing the region to be repaired after exposure of the region to be repaired;
- At least one element of the formwork has the shape of a part of the industrial installation which was projecting before said part disappeared through wear and, preferably, the manufacture of the formwork includes taking an imprint on a replica of said part of said industrial installation before wear;
- the interior formwork comprises a ceramic plate, preferably in the form of a ceramic matrix composite, having two large faces substantially parallel to each other, the ratio of the surface of a large face (in cm 2 ) on the thickness (in cm, measured between the two large faces) being greater than 30 cm, preferably greater than 50 cm, preferably greater than 100 cm, preferably greater than 200 cm, preferably greater than 500 cm, preferably greater than 1000 cm, preferably greater than 2000 cm, and/or less than 250000, preferably less than 200000, preferably less than 150000, preferably less than 100000, preferably less than 50000, preferably less to 10000, preferably less than 8000, preferably less than 5000, each large face of the plate preferably having a surface area greater than 1000 cm 2 , preferably greater than 1500 cm 2 , preferably greater than 2000 cm 2 , preferably greater than 2500 cm 2 , and/or less than 10000 cm 2 , preferably less than 8000 cm 2 , preferably less than 5000 cm 2 ;
- the region to be repaired is at least partly delimited by a side wall and/or a bottom wall of an enclosure, for example of a tank intended to contain a molten product, said formwork comprising or being constituted by formwork interior installed inside said enclosure in step a); - the enclosure is closed and inaccessible to an operator;
- the region to be repaired is at least partly delimited by a casting channel.
- the characteristics described in the context of formwork in general are applicable, in the particular case of repairing an enclosure, in particular a tank, to interior formwork, whether the formwork used to repair the enclosure comprises or not an exterior formwork, and whether the possible exterior formwork is in a CMC or not.
- at least one element of the interior formwork may have the shape of a part of the enclosure which was projecting towards the interior of said enclosure before said part disappeared through wear, the manufacture of the interior formwork may include a taking an imprint on a replica of the part of said unworn enclosure.
- the interior formwork may be abandoned in the region to be repaired after said repair.
- the invention also relates to an industrial installation, in particular an industrial oven, comprising at least one region repaired according to a method according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents an example of an interior formwork element comprising through holes
- FIG 5 schematically represents a casting channel for liquid cast iron (or “runner” in English), before wear, after wear and at the end of step b).
- enclosure we mean a part of an industrial installation which defines a room.
- An enclosure is delimited laterally by a side wall, the shape of which is not restrictive, by a bottom wall, and optionally by a vault wall.
- the side wall, the bottom wall and the vault wall may have one or more openings for access to the chamber.
- tank we mean an enclosure which, in service, contains a molten product, in particular a molten metal.
- closed tank or enclosure we mean a tank or enclosure into which an individual cannot enter while in service.
- the invention is particularly well suited to the repair of an enclosure, in particular a tank, but is not limited to this embodiment.
- a “formwork” is a part of the “mold” into which the repair product is introduced.
- H generally results from an assembly of one or more “formwork elements” and a positioning of the assembled formwork element(s) in the “service position”.
- the part of the mold defined by the formwork is completed with part of the industrial installation so as to constitute the mold.
- the portion of the interior surface of an enclosure that has been worn away can complete the formwork to delineate the area to be repaired.
- a formwork includes “accessories”, used to assemble and fix the formwork elements in the service position, and which are not in contact with the repair material during the repair.
- formwork elements are parts that come into contact with the repair material during the repair.
- the area to be repaired can be compartmentalized using partitions.
- a partition is considered a formwork element.
- a “passage” is a hole which passes through a wall, for example thus connecting the interior and exterior of an enclosure, for example a tank, a carbon black reactor, or a combustion chamber. It can result from wear of the wall or be provided, for example for the introduction of formwork elements through the wall.
- the “equivalent diameter” of a surface is the diameter of a disk with the same area as this surface.
- a dry particulate mixture is called an “unshaped product”.
- refractory material a material having a melting temperature greater than 1500°C. This definition is commonly used by those skilled in the art and cited in “Refractory materials and technical ceramics (elements of ceramurgy and technology)”, G. Aliprandi, stabilis Septima Paris, 1979. This work also gives on pages 297 to 301 some examples of refractory materials, including oxides, carbides and nitrides.
- glass transition temperature of a glass, we mean the temperature at which said glass passes from the solid state to the viscous state.
- the glass transition temperature can be determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA).
- the glass transition temperature is the temperature at which said glass has a viscosity substantially equal to 10 12 Pa.s.
- a glass is conventionally considered “in the solid state” at a temperature below its glass transition temperature.
- hot binder is meant a constituent having a melting temperature greater than 600°C, and capable of binding together, after hardening under the effect of a drop in temperature, the particles with which it has been mixed.
- maximum size the 99.5 (099.5) percentile of a powder, this percentile corresponding to the mass percentage of 99.5%, on the cumulative particle size distribution curve of the powder particle sizes, the particle sizes being classified in ascending order.
- Particle size distributions and maximum size can be determined using a laser particle size analyzer.
- the laser particle size analyzer can be a Partica LA-950 from the company HORIBA.
- self-pourable hot we mean a repair product capable of spreading under its own weight, and of filling the mold without leading to segregation, in a temperature range between 250°C and 1550° vs. It is considered that there is segregation when the casting face of the product obtained after placement of the repair product and sintering has a surface layer of laitance extending, from said casting face, to a depth of 3 mm or more . This surface layer of laitance can easily be revealed after drying or sintering of the product, the sawing being carried out in a plane perpendicular to the casting face.
- Ceramic Matrix Composite we conventionally mean a ceramic composed of a ceramic textile stiffened by a ceramic matrix.
- a “textile” is an assembly of fibers, possibly a thread, in particular an assembly of threads.
- the textile typically represents between 20% and 80% of the volume of a CMC, the complement to 100% being the matrix.
- volume to be considered is that of the object defined by its exterior surface, that is to say it includes the empty spaces inside the object.
- a “fiber” is a filament whose length is greater than 5 times its equivalent diameter.
- the “equivalent diameter” of a fiber is the diameter of a disk with the same surface area as its cross section at mid-length.
- the fibers can be assembled in a disorderly manner, as in felt or paper, or in one or more preferred directions, preferably in the form of threads, themselves preferably in the form of one or more fabrics.
- a thread of a textile can be
- single yarn which is an assembly of fibers which, in cross section, comprises more than 10 and preferably less than 500,000 fibers, and whose length is greater than 5 times the diameter, or
- a textile can be in particular:
- a “fabric” is made up of a network of parallel warp threads and weft threads crossing said network transversely.
- a “knit” is made up of a network of threads in the form of loops.
- a “tablecloth” is made up of a set of parallel wires.
- ceramic we mean a product that is neither metallic nor organic. In the context of the present invention, carbon is considered to be a ceramic product.
- SiAlON is an oxynitride compound of at least the elements Si, Al and N, in particular a compound respecting one of the following formulas:
- - x is greater than or equal to 0, greater than 0.05, greater than 0.1 or greater than 0.2, and less than or equal to 1, less than or equal to 0.8 or less than or equal to 0.4,
- - y is greater than or equal to 0, or greater than 0.1, greater than 0.3 or greater than 0.5, and less than or equal to 1,
- - u is greater than 0, greater than 0, 1 or greater than 0.2, and less than or equal to 1 or less than or equal to 0.7,
- - v is greater than 0, greater than 0.1, greater than 0.2 or greater than 0.5, or greater than 0.7, and less than or equal to 1,
- Me x Sii2-(m+n)Al(m+n)OnNi6-n with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2
- SiAlONs following this formula are generally called “ex’ - SiAlON” or “SiA10N-Cx’”.
- a method according to the invention is used for hot repair of a region of an industrial installation.
- the industrial installation is chosen from:
- an iron or steel melting furnace an iron or steel melting furnace, and part of such a furnace, in particular an electric arc furnace (or “electrical arc furnace” in English), a submerged arc furnace (or
- a furnace for melting a non-ferrous metal in particular an aluminum melting furnace, a magnesium melting furnace, a copper melting furnace;
- an ore reduction furnace in particular an iron ore reduction furnace
- an incinerator in particular a domestic waste incinerator, a household waste incineration boiler;
- a gasifier in particular a coal gasifier, a petroleum coke gasifier, a biomass gasifier;
- a reformer in particular a methane reformer or a secondary reformer
- a retention tank intended to retain a product at a temperature above 250°C in the event of accidental spillage of said product
- a boiler in particular a thermal power station boiler.
- the region to be repaired can in particular be located in a wall of the industrial installation, for example in the side wall of an enclosure, for example of a tank, of said industrial installation, in particular a wall of a closed enclosure, in particular of a closed tank.
- the invention is particularly useful for repairing a side wall 22 of an enclosure. It is then necessary to retain the repair product to prevent it from flowing out due to gravity. This problem does not generally arise when repairing the back wall of the enclosure.
- the use of ceramic formwork elements, in particular in the form of plates, and in particular of a ceramic in the form of a CMC, advantageously makes it possible to produce formwork which does not need to be cooled. This formwork can therefore be lighter (in particular if it is made using thin plates).
- this formwork is very quick to install and does not need to be dismantled. The downtime of the industrial installation for repair is advantageously reduced.
- the formwork can be of complex shape.
- the region to be repaired may have the shape of a cavity, through or not, for example a depression region, in particular due to wear, for example opening towards the inside of an enclosure of the industrial installation .
- Figure 2 illustrates an example of a method according to the invention.
- the method comprises a step 1) of emptying, at least partially, said enclosure so as to expose said region to be repaired.
- the fluid product may in particular be in liquid form or in powder form, for example in the form of ashes.
- Emptying can be carried out using any technique known to those skilled in the art. For example, it is possible to evacuate the fluid product, in particular the molten product or the ashes through passages, for example pierced in the bottom wall of the enclosure or created by the dismantling of one or more electrodes or one or more burners.
- Step 1) is optional for the repair of an enclosure whose part to be repaired is exposed, for example a part to be repaired which is not in contact with a fluid product, in particular with a molten product or with ashes. , for example for the repair of a vault wall, or a wall of a turbine chamber, or a ceramic firing kiln.
- step 2) optional, the region to be repaired is rinsed, that is to say cleared of a large quantity of product residue with which it was in contact during use of the industrial installation. , using any conventional technique.
- a suitable product is sprayed, in particular to fluidize the residues of the product with which it has been in contact during use, so that the evacuation of said residues is more effective. easy.
- spraying sodium carbonate is well suited to fluidizing a metallurgical slag residue.
- the temperature in the region to be repaired can be reduced to a temperature above 250°C, preferably above 400°C, preferably above 500°C, preferably above 600° C, preferably greater than 700°C, preferably greater than 800°C, preferably greater than 900°C, and preferably less than 1550°C, preferably less than 1500°C, or even less than 1450°C or 1400°C.
- the repair product used in step b) contains a hot binder, and in step 3), the temperature in the region to be repaired is reduced to a temperature at which the hot binder n It is not in a solid state.
- the hot binder is a glass
- the temperature is reduced to a temperature which remains higher than the glass transition temperature of said glass.
- Said glass is preferably chosen so that its glass transition temperature is between 600°C and 1350°C, preferably between 900°C and 1350°C, preferably between 1000°C and 1300°C, preferably between 1150°C. °C and 1250°C.
- step 4 the repair product is put in place following steps a) and b).
- step a) the region to be repaired is delimited using formwork 32, so as to constitute, with the industrial installation, in particular an industrial oven, a mold for the repair product.
- the formwork 32 comprises, or even consists of ( Figure 3), an interior formwork 32i, which delimits the mold inside the industrial installation.
- the interior formwork follows in particular the opening of the regions to be repaired 30i in the form of a cavity.
- the formwork 32 When the region to be repaired crosses a wall of the industrial installation, in particular the wall of an enclosure, for example the wall of a tank containing, in service, molten product, it opens through interior and exterior openings onto of the interior and exterior faces of the wall, respectively.
- the formwork 32 then preferably comprises an exterior formwork, not shown, which delimits the exterior opening of the region to be repaired.
- the interior and exterior forms retain the repair product before it is hardened, preferably sintered, so that it does not escape through the interior and exterior openings, respectively.
- At least part of the interior formwork preferably the entire interior formwork, is made of a CMC.
- At least part of the exterior formwork, or even all of the exterior formwork, is made of a CMC.
- the exterior formwork is made of a CMC, preferably identical to that of the interior formwork.
- the manufacture of a CMC can be carried out by any conventional method.
- the person skilled in the art knows how to adjust the parameters of the process chosen for the manufacture of the CMC, and in particular determine the particle size of the raw materials, the water content during shaping, and the sintering temperature if the CMC is sintered.
- the manufacture of a CMC may in particular comprise the following steps: i) arrangement, on or in a textile, of a slip capable of forming a ceramic matrix after consolidation; ii) before or after step i), shaping the textile; iii) consolidation of the preform obtained after the previous steps, preferably by drying and/or sintering, so as to form said matrix and obtain the CMC.
- the textile is a set of fibers, preferably assembled in the form of threads, a thread typically comprising several hundred to several thousand fibers.
- the fibers, preferably the threads preferably have a length greater than 50 mm, or even greater than 100 mm.
- the fibers, preferably the yarns are arranged in the form of at least one fabric.
- the textile may in particular have the form of a felt of unordered threads and/or fibers, of a sheet, for example a sheet made up of threads extending substantially parallel to each other (said yarns being called “unidirectional yarns”), a knitted fabric, a fabric (i.e. a woven textile) or a stack of one or more felts and/or webs, and/ or knits and/or fabrics.
- a felt of unordered threads and/or fibers of a sheet, for example a sheet made up of threads extending substantially parallel to each other (said yarns being called “unidirectional yarns”), a knitted fabric, a fabric (i.e. a woven textile) or a stack of one or more felts and/or webs, and/ or knits and/or fabrics.
- the textile preferably has the shape of a felt or a fabric or a tablecloth or a stack of felt(s) and/or tablecloth(s) and/or fabric(s).
- the stacking of fabrics and/or tablecloths can be carried out in such a way that the threads of the different fabrics or tablecloths extend substantially all in the same direction, or in 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 different directions, in function in particular of the desired mechanical properties.
- At least a part, preferably all of said ceramic fibers of the textile, optionally assembled in the form of single and/or assembled threads, are:
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a material other than an oxide.
- said ceramic fibers of the textile comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides are:
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides and having a chemical analysis such as SiCL + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 50%, preferably SiCL + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 60%, even SiCL + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 70%, even SiCL + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 80%, even SiCL + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 90%, in percentage by mass, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides and having a chemical analysis such as SiCL > 70%, preferably SiCL > 80%, preferably SiCL > 90%, or even SiCL > 99%, in percentage by mass, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides and having a chemical analysis such as AI2O3 > 65%, preferably AI2O3 > 70%, even AI2O3 > 80%, even AI2O3 > 90%, or even AI2O3 > 95%, in percentage by mass.
- At least a part, preferably all of said ceramic fibers are:
- - fibers composed of more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably substantially 100% by mass of alumina, and/or
- - fibers composed of more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably substantially 100% by mass of silica, preferably composed of more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, amorphous silica, and/or
- - fibers composed of more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably substantially 100% by mass of mullite and corundum, and/or
- - fibers composed of more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably substantially 100% by mass of glass, preferably washed, and/or
- said ceramic fibers of the textile comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a different material of an oxide are:
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a carbide, preferably chosen from silicon carbide, boron carbide and mixtures thereof, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a boride, preferably a boride of titanium, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a nitride, preferably a nitride of silicon, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of carbon.
- said ceramic fibers of the textile comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a different material of an oxide are:
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of silicon carbide, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of carbon.
- At least a part, preferably all of said ceramic fibers are fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides.
- At least a part, preferably all of said ceramic fibers are fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a material other than an oxide.
- substantially all the fibers have the same composition.
- the arrangement of the slip on or in the textile can be for example by impregnation.
- Said stack can be produced by pressing, or under vacuum, preferably after impregnation.
- the manufacture of slip is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the slip is conventionally a suspension, for example of an aqueous base or an organic solvent, containing
- ceramic particles and/or precursors of ceramic particles that is to say compounds transforming into ceramic particles during the manufacture of the CMC, and in particular hardening, in particular sintering, and
- composition of the slip, the size distribution of the ceramic particles or ceramic precursors and the mineral charge of the slip are adapted to the type of fibers and the shaping technique.
- the slip can be placed on or in the textile, in particular by direct lamination, by infusion, injection, infiltration or deposition, under atmospheric pressure or under higher pressure or under vacuum, at room temperature or at a higher temperature.
- step ii) the textile obtained, preferably impregnated with the slip, is shaped.
- the desired form is preferably the final form of the CMC.
- the shape can however be modified after hardening of the matrix, for example by machining or by deformation.
- the textile is shaped so that the shape of the CMC is adapted so that, after installation of the formwork, the repair material only replaces the material which has been extracted by wear , preferably replaces all the material which has been extracted by wear.
- the shape can be given by making, with the textile (before or preferably after introduction of the slip), an imprint on a reproduction of the part to be repaired of the industrial installation before wear.
- the mold is then a “negative” of the region to be repaired.
- the CMC can be carried out by depositing the textile, preferably in the form of a fabric or a superposition of several fabrics, on a replica of said casting channel , before or after impregnation with the slip but before consolidation, so that this textile matches the surface of the casting channel, at least in the region corresponding to the region to be repaired.
- the use of a CMC advantageously makes it possible to easily produce complex shapes, which may not be developable.
- the repair thus makes it possible to precisely reconstruct the initial profile of the surface of the industrial installation, in particular of the interior surface of an enclosure, for example a tank, of the industrial installation.
- CMC can be manufactured by placing prepregs on top of each other, each made up of a fabric impregnated with a slip of ceramic particles.
- the prepregs are flexible, so they can take the desired shape.
- step iii) the consolidation, preferably by sintering, is preferably carried out before installation of the formwork, which facilitates this installation.
- the CMC has one or more of the following optional characteristics:
- the CMC is preferably sintered
- the CMC preferably has an open porosity, measured by imbibition, according to the principle of Archimedes' thrust, greater than 10%, preferably greater than 15%, preferably greater than 20%, preferably greater than 25% , preferably greater than 30%, and preferably less than 50%, preferably less than 45%, preferably less than 40%; - preferably, the CMC comprises more than 20%, preferably more than 25%, preferably more than 30%, preferably more than 40%, preferably more than 50%, preferably more than 60% and/or less 80%, preferably less than 70% by volume of fibers;
- At least a part, preferably all of the ceramic fibers of the CMC are fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99% .5% by mass of oxides;
- At least a part, preferably all of the ceramic fibers of the CMC are fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99% .5% by mass of a material other than an oxide;
- the CMC matrix is composed of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass
- the CMC has an apparent density greater than 1.0 g/cm 3 , preferably greater than 1.20 g/cm 3 , preferably greater than 1.40 g/cm 3 and/or less than
- the CMC consists of oxides for more than 90% of its mass, preferably for more than 95% of its mass, preferably for more than 98% of its mass, preferably for more than 99% of its mass, preferably for more than 99.5% of its mass.
- the CMC has one or more of the following optional and preferred characteristics:
- the CMC comprises fibers, said fibers being composed of oxides for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99 %, preferably for more than 99.5% by mass;
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides and having a chemical analysis such as SiCh + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 50%, preferably Si ⁇ 2 + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 60%, even SiC + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 70%, even SiCh + AI2O3 + ZrCh > 80%, or even S1O2 + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 90%, in percentage by mass, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides and having a chemical analysis such as SiCh > 70%, preferably SiCh > 80%, preferably SiC > 90%, or even SiC > 99%, as a percentage by mass, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of oxides and having a chemical analysis such as AI2O3 > 65%, preferably AI2O3 > 70%, even AI2O3 > 80%, even AI2O3 > 90%, even AI2O3 > 95%, even AI2O3 > 97%, even AI2O3 > 98%, as a percentage by mass;
- the matrix of said CMC is composed of oxides for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99 .5% by mass;
- the CMC matrix is substantially made up of oxides
- the CMC matrix comprises AI2O3 and/or S i O2 and/or Z1O2 and/or Cr2 ⁇ 3;
- the CMC matrix comprises AI2O3 and SiCh;
- the AI2O3 content in the CMC matrix is greater than 65%, preferably greater than 70%;
- the Si O2 content in the CMC matrix is greater than 15%, preferably greater than 20% and/or less than 35%, preferably less than 30%;
- the Si O2 content in the CMC matrix is greater than 60%, preferably greater than 70%, preferably greater than 80%;
- the content of oxides other than AI2O3 and SiCh in the CMC matrix is less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, of preference less than 1%;
- the total content of AI2O3 and SiCh in the CMC matrix is greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, as a percentage by mass based on the mass of the matrix;
- the silica of the CMC matrix is amorphous
- the CMC has a total mass content SiCh+AhCh+ZrCh+C ⁇ Ch greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 97%, preferably greater than 97%. More preferably, the CMC has a total SiCh+AhCh mass content greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 97%, preferably greater 97%;
- the CMC presents the following chemical analysis, in percentage by mass and for a total of 100%:
- the CMC is preferably amorphous, and presents the following chemical analysis, in percentage by mass and for a total of 100%:
- - SiC>2 > 95%, preferably > 96%, preferably > 97%, preferably > 98%, preferably > 99%.
- the CMC consists of a material other than an oxide, for more than 90% of its mass, preferably for more than 95% of its mass, preferably for more than 98% of its mass. mass, preferably for more than 99% of its mass, preferably for more than 99.5% of its mass.
- the CMC has one or more of the following optional and preferred characteristics:
- the CMC comprises fibers, said fibers being composed of a non-oxide material for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass;
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of carbon, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a carbide, preferably chosen from silicon carbide, boron carbide and mixtures thereof, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a boride, preferably a boride of titanium, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a nitride, preferably a nitride of silicon, and/or
- - fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of carbon.
- the CMC has one or more of the following optional and preferred characteristics:
- said ceramic fibers of the textile comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a material different from an oxide are fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of silicon carbide, and/or fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of carbon;
- the matrix of said CMC is composed of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a material other than an oxide, preferably chosen from carbides, borides, nitrides, SiAlON and mixtures thereof;
- the CMC matrix comprises, or even consists of, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, metallic silicon, or a mixture of these;
- the CMC comprises fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99% .5% by mass of silicon carbide, and/or fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of carbon, and a matrix composed of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, of preferably more than 99.5% by mass of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, metallic silicon, and mixtures thereof.
- the matrix is preferably composed, for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass, of silicon carbide or of a mixture of silicon carbide and metallic silicon or of a mixture of silicon carbide and silicon nitride;
- the silicon carbide of the matrix is a recrystallized silicon carbide.
- the CMC comprises
- - fibers composed of a non-oxide material for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably for more than 99.5% by mass and
- - a matrix composed of oxides for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% in mass.
- the CMC has one or more of the following optional and preferred characteristics:
- fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of carbon and/or fibers comprising more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of carbide, preferably silicon carbide, and/or
- the CMC matrix includes, or even consists of, AI2O3 and/or SiO 2 and/or Z1O2 and/or Cr 2 O 3 ;
- the CMC matrix comprises, or even consists of, AI2O3 and SiO 2 ;
- the AI2O3 content in the CMC matrix is greater than 65%, preferably greater than 70%;
- the SiO 2 content in the CMC matrix is greater than 15%, preferably greater than 20% and/or less than 35%, preferably less than 30%;
- the SiCh content in the CMC matrix is greater than 60%, preferably greater than 70%, preferably greater than 80%;
- the content of species other than Al2O3 and SiCh in the CMC matrix, as a percentage by mass based on the matrix, is less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%;
- the total content of AI2O3 and SiCh in the CMC matrix is greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, as a percentage by mass based on the matrix;
- the silica of the CMC matrix is amorphous.
- the CMC comprises
- - fibers composed of oxides for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably for more than 97%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably for more than 99.5% by mass, and
- a matrix composed of more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass of a material other than an oxide, preferably chosen from carbon, carbides, borides, nitrides, and SiAlON.
- the CMC preferably has one or more of the following optional characteristics:
- the CMC comprises fibers having a chemical analysis such as SiCh + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 50%, preferably SiC + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 60%, or even SiCh + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 70%, or even SiCh + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 80 %, or even SiC + AI2O3 + Z1O2 > 90%, in percentage by mass;
- the CMC comprises fibers presenting a chemical analysis such as
- the CMC comprises fibers having a chemical analysis such as AI2O3 > 65%, preferably AI2O3 > 70%, even AI2O3 > 80%, even AI2O3 > 90%, even AI2O3 > 95%, even AI2O3 > 97%, even AI2O3 > 98%, as a percentage by mass;
- the CMC matrix is preferably composed, for more than 90%, of ZI preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 97%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5% by mass, of silicon carbide or a mixture of silicon carbide and metallic silicon or a mixture of silicon carbide and silicon nitride
- the CMC is chosen so as to present a chemical analysis close to that of the material of the industrial installation which delimits the region to be repaired, preferably so that the content of any constituent of the sintered repair product present in a mass content greater than 5%, differs by less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, from the content of said constituent in said material.
- the formwork is then installed by assembling its elements.
- the interior formwork elements can be introduced through a passage which opens inside the enclosure, in the region to be repaired or not.
- the interior formwork elements which have two large opposite faces can be held by the large face which, in the service position is exposed inside the industrial installation, or by the large opposite face .
- At least one element of the formwork, in particular the interior formwork, in a CMC has through holes and/or recesses. Filling these holes and recesses with the repair product during step b) advantageously allows better immobilization of the interior formwork and makes it possible to reduce the thermal gradient in the repair product during step 5).
- the average equivalent diameter of the holes is greater than 8 mm and preferably less than 20 mm, preferably less than 15 mm.
- said CMC formwork element is in the form of a grid, the holes being preferably distributed evenly, the total surface area of the holes representing more than 10%, preferably more than 15% and preferably less than 50%, preferably less than 40% of the interior surface of said formwork element, that is to say the surface participating in the definition of the mold around the region to be repaired (surface of the holes and of the material of the grid).
- said holes are located on the lower two thirds of said formwork element, and preferably distributed homogeneously. More preferably, in said embodiment, the total surface of the holes represents more than 1% and less than 5% of the interior surface of said formwork element (surface of the holes and of the material of said formwork element).
- through holes and/or recesses can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art.
- through holes can be made by drilling or cutting under a water jet of the CMC obtained after sintering.
- the through holes and/or recesses can also be made on the textile, preferably a woven one, before coating with the slip.
- the seal between the formwork, in particular the interior formwork, and the surface of the industrial installation defining the region to be repaired is increased by placing a sheet of ceramic fibers between said formwork and said surface.
- Figure 3 illustrates an example of interior formwork according to the invention.
- the interior formwork 32i and in particular three adjacent panels 35i and 352 and 35a held in position by means of metal clamps 39, wedging bricks 43 and cooled tubes 45.
- Repair product 47 filled the region to repair 301 delimited by the surface of the worn region and the interior formwork.
- the repair product can be introduced into the area to be repaired, for example via a water-cooled cane.
- step b) the mold which delimits the region to be repaired is filled with a repair product, preferably by casting.
- the repair product may be a conventional repair product and may be prepared by any known technique.
- the repair product is the result of wetting an unshaped product.
- Said humidification can be carried out using any known technique, for example in a mixer.
- the person skilled in the art knows how to determine the quantity of solvent, preferably water, to be used to moisten the unshaped product and obtain the repair product.
- the unshaped product may be in particular:
- the maximum particle size of the repair product or, equivalently, of the unshaped product is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 8 mm, preferably less than 6 mm.
- the particle size distribution of the repair product or, equivalently, of the unshaped product is preferably determined so that the repair product is self-pourable when hot.
- the repair product is chosen so as to present, after sintering, a chemical analysis close to that of the material of the industrial installation which delimits the region to be repaired, preferably so that the mass content of any constituent of the product sintered repair present in a mass content greater than 5%, differs by less than 20%, preferably by less than 10%, from the content of said constituent in said material.
- the repair product is chosen so as to present, after sintering, a chemical analysis close to that of the CMC of the formwork elements, preferably so that the mass content of any constituent of the sintered repair product present in a mass content greater than 5%, differs by less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, from the content of said constituent in said CMC.
- the unshaped product used to manufacture the repair product is preferably Pural T concrete.
- the repair product can be brought to the region to be repaired using any technique known to those skilled in the art.
- one or more passages can be made to facilitate this access.
- These passages advantageously allow the introduction of a device for conveying the repair product, for example a cooled cane, to the region to be repaired.
- the repair product is pumped by means of a pump producing a suction pressure preferably less than or equal to 180 bar and preferably conveyed to the region to be repaired by means of a cooled rod by water or a nozzle.
- the region to be repaired is preferably maintained at a temperature greater than 300°C, preferably greater than 400°C, preferably greater than 500°C, preferably greater than 600°C, preferably greater than 700°C, preferably greater than 800°C, preferably greater than 900°C, and/or preferably less than 1550°C, preferably less than 1500°C.
- step 5 optional, and in particular if the process includes a step 3), the industrial installation is maintained at a temperature between 400°C and 1400°C, preferably between 600°C and 1400°C, preferably between 1000°C and 1400°C, in order to allow sintering of the repair product, preferably for a period of more than 8 hours, preferably more than 10 hours and preferably less than 15 hours.
- step 6 normal operation of the installation is resumed, and if the process includes a step 3), the temperature of the industrial installation is increased to return it to operation.
- the interior formwork is made of a CMC, preferably of one or more plates of a CMC, preferably held against the part of the healthy wall using one or more metal rods, preferably cooled using circulating water. If the area to be repaired opens onto the exterior side of the wall, exterior formwork, preferably in one ceramic, preferably in the form of a CMC, is fixed so as to externally seal the region to be repaired.
- the area to be repaired is then filled with the repair product.
- the repair product is preferably conveyed, from the outside, by a pipe passing through one or more passages made through the wall, then poured into the region to be repaired using a cane cooled using water circulation.
- At least the interior formwork, preferably the formwork, is not removed after installation of the repair product.
- the region to be repaired results from wear of a tank of the industrial installation, at least partial emptying of said tank is carried out.
- the interior formwork is made of a CMC, preferably in one or more plates of a CMC, preferably held against the tank using one or more tubes of a ceramic, preferably in the form of a CMC, and /or one or more metal rods, preferably cooled using water circulation. If the region to be repaired opens towards the outside of the tank, a veneer, constituting the exterior formwork, preferably made of ceramic, preferably in the form of a CMC, is fixed so as to externally seal the region to be repaired.
- the area to be repaired is then filled with the repair product.
- the repair product is preferably conveyed, from outside the tank, by a pipe passing through one or more passages made through the wall of the tank, then poured into the region to be repaired using a cooled cane. using water circulation.
- the CMC formwork is not removed after installation of the repair product.
- Figure 5 illustrates the repair of a casting channel initially consisting, from the outside to the inside, of a metal envelope 50, of a thermal insulation layer 52, of an exterior covering 54 and of an interior covering 56 (left diagram).
- the central diagram illustrates the casting channel after wear of the interior liner 56 and the figure on the right illustrates the casting channel after repair.
- the unshaped product Castfrax 902 SRAW marketed by the company Saint-Gobain Performance Ceramics & Refractories, was used. mixed, for 1 minute, in a mixer with a rotating blade and fixed tank, with 0.15% of a modified polycarboxylate ether, in percentage by weight on the basis of the unshaped product. Then 8% of water, in percentage by weight based on the unshaped product, was added and mixing continued until a homogeneous repair product was obtained.
- a one-piece mold in one CMC was produced.
- This mold had a general rectangular parallelepiped shape, with a length equal to 600 mm, a width equal to 150 mm, and a height equal to 450 mm, the thickness of the walls of said mold being substantially constant and equal to 10 mm.
- the CMC constituting the mold had a thermal conductivity between 20°C and 500°C lower than 0.6 Wm ⁇ .K' 1 .
- the CMC was made up of:
- Said CMC had an open porosity equal to 38%, an apparent density equal to 1.65 g/cm 3 , an AI2O3 content equal to 42%, a SiCL content equal to 57% and a content of other constituents, for example example of oxides, equal to 1%, the contents of Al2O3, SiO2 and other constituents being expressed in mass percentages on the basis of said CMC.
- the mold was placed in an oven with a gas burner.
- the oven was then started so as to reach a temperature of 1200°C in 2 hours and 40 minutes, simulating a hot introduction of the CMC mold in an industrial installation, in particular a cast iron casting channel of a blast furnace.
- the repair product was poured continuously, with a flow rate substantially equal to 100 kg/min. During filling, it was found that the CMC mold resisted the thrust of the repair product, without breaking or opening.
- the temperature was maintained at 1200°C for 4 hours.
- the temperature was then reduced gradually to 800°C, at a speed substantially equal to 25°C/h. Then the burner was turned off and the temperature dropped naturally, without opening the oven.
- the sintered repair product in the mold was then recovered.
- the invention thus provides a hot repair process which uses CMC elements, in particular to produce the interior formwork, which:
- compositions of the CMC of the different parts of the formwork and/or accessories may be identical or different.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380081573.9A CN120500606A (zh) | 2022-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | 热修复方法 |
| EP23813768.1A EP4627272A1 (fr) | 2022-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Procédé de réparation à chaud |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2212561 | 2022-11-30 | ||
| FR2212561A FR3142539B1 (fr) | 2022-11-30 | 2022-11-30 | Procede de reparation a chaud |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024115629A1 true WO2024115629A1 (fr) | 2024-06-06 |
Family
ID=86272179
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/083663 Ceased WO2024115629A1 (fr) | 2022-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Procede de reparation a chaud |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4627272A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120500606A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3142539B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024115629A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1927816A1 (de) * | 1969-05-31 | 1970-12-03 | Plibrico Co Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausbessern profilierter Wand- oder Deckenteile von Industrieoefen |
| DE2143241A1 (de) * | 1971-08-28 | 1973-03-08 | Lepper Erich | Vorrichtung zur reparatur von elektrooefen und dergleichen |
| DE3601621C1 (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1987-03-12 | Plibrico Co Gmbh | Method and device for renovating damaged and/or worn linings in industrial furnaces |
| EP0739861A2 (fr) * | 1995-04-26 | 1996-10-30 | Enrico Favretto | Procédé de réparation d'un four de fusion de verre |
-
2022
- 2022-11-30 FR FR2212561A patent/FR3142539B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-11-30 CN CN202380081573.9A patent/CN120500606A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-30 WO PCT/EP2023/083663 patent/WO2024115629A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-30 EP EP23813768.1A patent/EP4627272A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1927816A1 (de) * | 1969-05-31 | 1970-12-03 | Plibrico Co Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausbessern profilierter Wand- oder Deckenteile von Industrieoefen |
| DE2143241A1 (de) * | 1971-08-28 | 1973-03-08 | Lepper Erich | Vorrichtung zur reparatur von elektrooefen und dergleichen |
| DE3601621C1 (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1987-03-12 | Plibrico Co Gmbh | Method and device for renovating damaged and/or worn linings in industrial furnaces |
| EP0739861A2 (fr) * | 1995-04-26 | 1996-10-30 | Enrico Favretto | Procédé de réparation d'un four de fusion de verre |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| G. ALIPRANDI: "Matériaux réfractaires et céramiques techniques (éléments de céramurgie et de technologie)", 1979, pages: 297 - 301 |
| PRITZKOW WALTER: "Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites for special applications in industry and research", 14 November 2012 (2012-11-14), pages 1 - 2, XP093062225, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.keramikblech.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/pritzkow_spezialkeramik_en.pdf> [retrieved on 20230710] * |
| RAETHER FRIEDRICH: "Ceramic Matrix Composites - an Alternative for Challenging Construction Tasks", CERAMIC APPLICATIONS, 31 December 2013 (2013-12-31), pages 45 - 49, XP093051731, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.keramikblech.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/pritzkow_spezialkeramik_en.pdf> [retrieved on 20230605] * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3142539B1 (fr) | 2024-11-08 |
| EP4627272A1 (fr) | 2025-10-08 |
| FR3142539A1 (fr) | 2024-05-31 |
| CN120500606A (zh) | 2025-08-15 |
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