WO2024115696A1 - Ensemble pour module photovoltaïque, module photovoltaïque et procédé de fabrication de l'ensemble et du module - Google Patents
Ensemble pour module photovoltaïque, module photovoltaïque et procédé de fabrication de l'ensemble et du module Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024115696A1 WO2024115696A1 PCT/EP2023/083817 EP2023083817W WO2024115696A1 WO 2024115696 A1 WO2024115696 A1 WO 2024115696A1 EP 2023083817 W EP2023083817 W EP 2023083817W WO 2024115696 A1 WO2024115696 A1 WO 2024115696A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/215—Geometries of grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/164—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/165—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/166—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells the Group IV-IV heterojunctions being heterojunctions of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. silicon heterojunction [SHJ] photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
- H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/244—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. transparent conductive oxide [TCO] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/315—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assembly for a photovoltaic module forming a chain of photovoltaic cells. It also concerns a photovoltaic module as well as the manufacturing of photovoltaic assemblies.
- Photovoltaic modules comprise several photovoltaic cells interconnected to form an assembly also called a “photovoltaic chain”.
- the interconnection of cells is a major issue because it defines the electrical energy production characteristics of the modules, particularly in terms of electrical power.
- the interconnection of photovoltaic cells requires the use of a large quantity of silver to make the metallic contacts on the front and rear faces of the cells used for the evacuation and collection of the electrical current generated by the cells. .
- the photovoltaic industry currently consumes more than 10% of the silver produced worldwide for an annual production of 100 GW.
- 3 TW it is estimated that the consumption will reach more than 50% of the silver produced in the world if the silver consumption is 5 mg/W.
- a photovoltaic cell of the HET type that is to say heterojunction, consumes between 25 and 40 milligrams of silver per Watt, and projections indicate that 3 TW of production will be reached in 2035.
- the metallic parts composed of 80% silver are fine lines of a section of 540 .m 2 , called fingers or “fingers” in English. These fingers serve to collect charges produced by the cell substrate. Within a photovoltaic module, these charges are then extracted through the elements which connect the cells, also called interconnectors or "wires” or “ribbon” in English (that is to say wires or ribbons ), which are conventionally composed of wires or metal ribbons, the role of which is to ensure electrical continuity between two cells, by minimizing ohmic losses.
- These elements must also limit the shading that they create when they cover part of the surface of one side of the cell which receives the light radiation.
- These ribbons or wires are generally composed of copper coated with a tin-based metal alloy, for example SnAg, SnPb, SnAgCu, SnAgBi, etc.
- buses also called busbars in English, located on the surface of the photovoltaic cells.
- buses are created beforehand during a metallization step, generally by screen printing.
- the cells are connected to each other, in series or in parallel, using tinned copper ribbons or wires which are connected, by soldering using an addition of material from the metal alloy coating, to the buses present on one side of each cell.
- Multi-Busbars technology in addition to its power contribution to the modules, allows better resistance of the modules to accelerated aging tests, a reduction in the quantity of silver used in the module and therefore a reduction in cost. of production.
- wire connectors circular section copper wires
- busbars which interconnect the fingers of the cell between them.
- an alloy used to make solder is based on lead, tin and silver.
- soldering can be carried out via infrared rays using wire interconnectors with a diameter of 300 pm. But this welding using infrared rays is carried out at a temperature close to 200°C, and can locally damage the cell.
- SWCT SmartWire Connection TechnologyTM
- copper wires are embedded in a polymer sheet or matrix and coated with a low-temperature solder alloy, primarily bismuth-based, with a melting point below 138°C.
- a low-temperature solder alloy primarily bismuth-based, with a melting point below 138°C.
- the use of low temperature solder alloy reduces the stress that can appear on the contact points between the copper wire and the cell fingers.
- the polymer matrix is an iron-on layer composed of two layers, a first layer with adhesive properties in the lower part and a second layer serving as mechanical support in the upper part.
- the copper wire is always in contact with the metallization of the cell, and the film comprising the polymer matrix and the copper wires is positioned on the cell.
- the fingers of the cells can be reduced in width, from 35 to 40 pm, which allows a reduction in money consumption compared to technologies using buses.
- the diameter of the copper wires is approximately 200 pm or 250 pm and the fingers being narrower, there is less shading on the cells. But such a process also requires using a large amount of silver to connect the fingers with the copper wires.
- KR20130085188 discloses a photovoltaic cell comprising a layer of a substrate for photo-generating charge carriers, a layer of transparent conductive oxide, also called TCO layer (transparent conductive oxide in English). English) or commonly TCO layer, placed on one side of the substrate.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer has a pattern with ribs forming grooves within which a layer of zinc oxide doped with aluminum is placed in electrical contact with metallization fingers formed on the front face of the cell.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a solution for interconnecting photovoltaic cells while limiting the drawbacks mentioned above.
- a photovoltaic module assembly comprising at least two photovoltaic cells.
- Each photovoltaic cell includes:
- At least one layer of transparent conductive oxide comprising at least a first zone having a first electrical conductivity, and second zones having a second electrical conductivity strictly greater than the first electrical conductivity, the second zones extending longitudinally along lines respectively parallel to a main direction.
- the assembly comprises at least one interconnection element electrically coupled with the second zones of each of said at least two photovoltaic cells to electrically connect them together.
- Said at least one interconnection element extends in a direction perpendicular to the main direction.
- Each photovoltaic cell does not have an additional metallization line electrically connecting said at least one interconnection element with said at least one layer of transparent conductive oxide.
- a photovoltaic module comprising at least one assembly as defined above.
- a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module assembly as defined above comprising:
- every cell photovoltaic comprising: o a substrate configured to photo-generate charge carriers, and o at least one layer of transparent conductive oxide comprising at least a first zone having a first electrical conductivity, and
- second zones having a second electrical conductivity strictly greater than the first electrical conductivity, the second zones extending longitudinally along respectively lines parallel to a main direction.
- the method comprises a deposition of at least one interconnection element electrically coupled with the second zones of each of said at least two photovoltaic cells to electrically connect them together.
- Figure 1 schematically represents a perspective view of an embodiment of an assembly for a photovoltaic module
- Figure 2 schematically represents a perspective view of another embodiment of a photovoltaic module assembly
- Figures 3 to 5 schematically represent sectional views of other embodiments of a photovoltaic module assembly
- Figures 6 and 7 schematically represent steps in implementing a process for manufacturing an assembly for a photovoltaic module.
- At least one photovoltaic cell is of the heterojunction type in which the substrate comprises crystalline silicon and hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
- At least one photovoltaic cell comprises first and second layers of transparent conductive oxide respectively arranged in contact with first and second faces of the substrate, the second face of the substrate being located on a side opposite that of the first face.
- the second zones are separated by a distance greater than or equal to a width of at least a second zone, the width being measured in a direction perpendicular to the main direction.
- said at least one first zone has a face, called internal, in contact with at least one face of the substrate, and a face, called external, opposite the internal face, presenting several pairs of ribs, each pair of ribs delimiting between them a groove where a second zone is arranged.
- the second zones are arranged in contact with at least one face of the substrate, and said at least one photovoltaic cell comprises several first zones arranged in contact with said at least one face of the substrate.
- said at least one first zone has a face, called internal, in contact with at least one face of the substrate, and a face, called external, opposite the internal face, in contact with the second zones.
- the second zones extend longitudinally along continuous lines respectively.
- the second zones extend longitudinally along discontinuous lines respectively.
- said at least one interconnection element is in direct mechanical contact with the second zones of at least one photovoltaic cell.
- the assembly comprises a dielectric layer partially covering the first zone.
- the assembly comprises metallized pads, each metallized pad being arranged in mechanical contact with a second zone of said at least one photovoltaic cell and said at least one interconnection element.
- At least one photovoltaic cell is of the single junction type comprising a single layer of transparent conductive oxide.
- At least one photovoltaic cell is of the double junction type comprising two layers of transparent conductive oxide.
- said at least one interconnection element extends in a so-called secondary direction, and for each photovoltaic cell, said at least one layer of transparent conductive oxide has a thickness of between 5 and 70 nanometers, preferably between 15 and 30 nanometers, the thickness being measured in a direction perpendicular to the main direction and the secondary direction.
- Doping means the addition of a minimal quantity of impurities in a layer comprising a single crystal or a polycrystal, to transform it into an electrically conductive layer comprising free charge carriers. These dopings are non-limiting examples.
- FIG. 1 to 5 there is shown an assembly 1 for a photovoltaic module.
- Set 1 comprises at least two photovoltaic cells C1, C2.
- a photovoltaic module comprises a set of photovoltaic cells 2, 20 interconnected to produce a current, and set 1 is also called a “photovoltaic chain”.
- Each photovoltaic cell C1, C2 comprises a substrate 2 and at least one layer of transparent conductive oxide 3, 4.
- the substrate 2 is configured to photo-generate charge carriers.
- a cell C1, C2 can be of the HET type, that is to say the heterojunction type.
- a cell of the heterojunction type is a cell C1, C2 comprising a crystalline silicon substrate and at least one layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
- a photovoltaic cell C1, C2 converts part of the light radiation into electrical energy.
- the substrate 2 is configured to generate, upon reception of the light radiation, charges free to move and intended to be collected to produce an electric current.
- the conductive oxide layer 3, 4 is also called TCO layer.
- the cell C1, C2 may comprise a single TCO layer disposed in contact with a first face 30 of the substrate 2.
- a cell C1, C2 may comprise a first TCO layer disposed in contact with the first face 30 of the substrate 2 and a second TCO layer placed in contact with a second face 31 of the substrate 2, the second face 31 extends located on a side opposite that of the first face 30.
- a TCO layer 3.4 makes it possible to collect the charges produced by the substrate 2 and facilitate the movement of the loads thus produced.
- a photovoltaic cell C1, C2 can be a cell single junction based on crystalline silicon of heterojunction type or a cell, called tandem, that is to say double junction comprising at least one sub-cell based on crystalline silicon of heterojunction type, and in particular a tandem cell comprising a perovskite-based subcell and a heterojunction subcell.
- tandem cell there are also two TCO layers 3, 4 on both sides of the cell.
- a TCO layer 3, 4 comprises at least a first zone 5 having a first electrical conductivity. Furthermore, a TCO layer 3, 4 comprises several second zones 10 to 17 having a second electrical conductivity strictly greater than the first electrical conductivity. The second zones 10 to 17 are also called highly conductive zones, and the first zone(s) 5 are weakly conductive zones.
- the first electrical conductivity of a first zone 5 can be obtained by a first doping of the TCO layer 3, 4 at the location of the first zone 5.
- the second electrical conductivity of a second zone 10 to 17 can be obtained by a second doping of the TCO layer 3, 4 at the location of the second zone 10 to 17.
- the first doping is different from the second doping so as to obtain distinct electrical conductivities.
- the first and second dopings could be identical, with the first and second zones 5 and 10 to 17 having distinct thicknesses to obtain distinct electrical conductivities, the thicknesses being measured in a direction perpendicular to the first face 30 of the substrate 2
- the electrical resistance of the zone is reduced.
- the TCO layer 3, 4, at the location of the second zones 10 to 17 has a thickness strictly greater than that of the TCO layer 3, 4 at the location of the first zones 5.
- the second zones 10 to 17 extend longitudinally along respectively lines parallel to a main direction X.
- set 1 comprises at least one interconnection element 20, 21 electrically coupled with the second zones 10 to 17 of each of the photovoltaic cells C1, C2 of set 1 to electrically connect them together.
- At least one interconnection element 20, 21, and preferably each interconnection element 20, 21, extends in a direction inclined relative to the main direction °, preferably at 90°.
- the interconnection elements 20,21 extend in a direction perpendicular to the main direction in interconnection elements 20, 21 with the second zones 10 to 17.
- each photovoltaic cell C1, C2 is devoid of additional metallization line electrically connecting at least one interconnection element, and preferably each interconnection element 20, 21, with the transparent conductive oxide layer 3, 4 comprising the second zones 10 to 17.
- a cell C1, C2 does not include either a metallization line connecting the interconnection element(s) 20, 21 with a second zone 10 to 17, nor one or more lines of metallization connecting the interconnection element(s) 20, 21 with a first zone 5.
- These metallization lines are often referred to as “fingers”.
- the electrical coupling between the interconnection elements and the second zones 10 to 17 is done, for example directly, that is to say without the intermediary of metallization fingers.
- the interconnection elements 20, 21 can, for example, comprise tinned copper wires or ribbons, that is to say copper wires or ribbons on which a layer of metal alloy based on has been deposited. tin, for example SnAg, SnPb, SnBiPb, SnAgCu, SnAgBi, etc., to protect them from oxidation.
- the interconnection elements 20, 21 can be glued or welded to the TCO layer 3, 4. Alternatively, the interconnection elements 20, 21 are placed directly on the TCO layer 3, 4, in mechanical contact with the second zones 10 to 17, and the electrical connection between the interconnection elements 20,21 and the second zones 10 to 17 can be carried out subsequently during a lamination step.
- lamination is meant a step comprising a supply of heat to the photovoltaic cells C1, C2 so as to carry out soldering of at least one interconnection element 20, 21 with the second zones 10 to 17 of each photovoltaic cell C1, C2 so as to mechanically and electrically couple the interconnection elements 20, 21 with the second zones 10 to 17.
- zones 10 to 17 are created having an electrical resistance lower than that of the first zone(s) 5.
- the second zones zones 10 to 17 facilitate the movement of the loads produced by the substrate 2, and in particular the lateral movement in a secondary direction Y perpendicular to the main direction X.
- the second zones 10 to 17 avoid a significant increase in the series resistance in the module due to the increase in the lateral transport distance within the TCO layer 3, 4.
- the collection of charge carriers by the interconnection elements 20, 21 is improved due to the fact that the interconnection elements 20,21 extend inclined at an angle between 85° and 105°, preferably 90°, with the second zones 10 to 17.
- the collection of charge carriers is further improved when the interconnection elements 20,21 extend perpendicular to the second zones 10 to 17.
- the interconnection elements 20, 21 are separated by a first distance 38, the first distance 38 being measured in the main direction X.
- the first distance 38 can be between 2 and 16 millimeters , preferably between 2 and 8 mm.
- the second zones 10 to 17 are separated by a second distance 40 greater than or equal to a width 39 of at least a second zone 10 to 17, the width being measured according to a direction perpendicular to the main direction in X.
- the second distance 40 can be between 0.1 and 2 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1 mm.
- the first distance 38 is strictly greater than the second distance 40.
- the distance traveled by the free charge carriers in the TCO layer 3, 4 to reach the second zones 10 to 17 is much less than the distance to be traveled to reach the interconnection elements 20, 21 passing through the first zone 5.
- the doping of the second zones 10 to 17 consists of adding impurities locally in the second zones 10 to 17 so as to increase the electrical conductivity of the second zones 10 to 17. Note that the more doping of the second zones 10 to 17 17 increases, the more the electrical conductivity of the second zones 10 to 17 increases, which reduces the electrical resistance, called series resistance, of the second zones 10 to 17. Furthermore, an increase in the doping of the second zones 10 to 17 also leads to an increase of the absorption of light by the second zones 10 to 17, due in particular to the increase in the density of the charge carriers, which reduces the current generated by the photovoltaic module.
- the assembly 1 associates one or more regions of a TCO layer 3, 4 which are poorly conductive 5 and therefore poorly absorbent of light with highly conductive regions 10 to 17.
- second zones 10 to 17 are created whose total surface present at the front face 100 of the cell C1, C2 is much less than the surface Sfa of the front face 100 of the cell C1, C2.
- the second highly conductive zones 10 to 17 make it possible to reduce the resistance lateral in the TCO layer 3, 4 allowing the current to flow more easily in the TCO layer 3, 4.
- doping with conductive elements of the second zones 10 to 17 also makes it possible to have an electrical resistance between the second zones 10 at 17 and the interconnection elements 20.21 lower.
- the second zones 10 to 17 can be produced by modifying the first zone 5, by introducing hydrogen, or by introducing conductive elements locally in the first zone 5.
- the second zones 10 to 17 can be deposited by sputtering using a mask or carried out by localized laser doping or by implantation of localized hydrogen followed by annealing, that is to say heating the cell C1, C2 to a temperature between 100 and 800°C, preferably between 200°C and 300°C.
- hydrogen can be implanted to introduce impurities inside the first zone 5, in order to modify its electrical properties. These modifications are generated thanks to the intrinsic properties of the element introduced, in particular thanks to the interactions, that is to say the defects, which it generates in the first zone 5.
- This step is particularly suited to the treatment of the surface of the TCO layer 3, 4. It is also possible to use an implantation by plasma immersion, for example an ion implantation by plasma immersion (denoted PIII), an ion implantation by plasma source (denoted PSI I), or even an ion implantation based on plasma (denoted PBII).
- FIG 6 there is shown an example in which the TCO layer 3, 4 is immersed in a plasma 301 which contains ions 300 to be implanted.
- a negative voltage (between -20V and -100kV), generally pulsed, is applied to the TCO layer 3, 4 so that a sheath 302 is formed around it. 300 located in this sheath 302 are accelerated by an electric field inside the sheath 302 and are then implanted in the TCO layer 3, 4.
- FIG 7 another mode of implementation is shown for producing the second zones 10 to 17 in the TCO layer 3, 4.
- hydrogen implantation can be carried out. This implantation of hydrogen can be done selectively by implantation through a mask. To carry out hydrogen implantation, an acceleration voltage of between 0.5 and 6 kV (preferably between 1 and 4 kV) is used and the dose is between 1x10 14 and 1x10 16 cm -2 (preferably between 5x10 14 and 5x10 15 cm -2 ). In order to improve the diffusion of hydrogen in the TCO layer 3, 4, the TCO layer 3, 4 can then be annealed at different temperatures, for example a temperature between 100 and 450 ° C.
- the implantation of hydrogen leads to a reduction in the electrical resistivity of the second zones 10 to 17, which whatever the subsequent annealing temperature.
- an annealing temperature less than or equal to 300°C
- second zones 10 to 17 having a resistivity less than or equal to 40 Ohms/square, that is to say a resistivity less than or equal to 1.5 x 10' 4 Ohm*cm, with a thickness of the second zones of 38 nm, the thickness being measured in a direction perpendicular to the first face 30 of the substrate 2.
- the doping of the first and second zones 5, 10 to 17 makes it possible to obtain second zones 10 to 17 having an electrical conductivity of a factor of between 15 and 40 times, preferably 30 times, the electrical conductivity of the first zone 5.
- second zones 10 to 17 having an electrical conductivity of a factor of between 15 and 40 times, preferably 30 times, the electrical conductivity of the first zone 5.
- the electrical conductivity of the first zone 5 For example, for highly conductive zones, to obtain 5 Ohms/square, you need a thickness of 300 nm of TCO layer with a resistivity of 1.5 x 10' 4 Ohm*cm.
- doping will be used so as to obtain, for a thickness H1 of the second zones 10 to 17 equal to 70 nm, an electrical resistivity of between 300 and 400 Ohms/square. That is to say between 21x10 -4 Ohm*cm for 70 nm and 28x10 -4 Ohm*cm for 70 nm.
- the thickness H1, or height, of the second zones 10 to 17 is measured in a direction Z perpendicular to the main direction doping so as to obtain an electrical resistivity equal to 200 Ohms/square, that is to say an electrical resistivity equal to 3x1 O' 4 Ohm*cm for 15 nm or equal to 6x1 O' 4 Ohm*cm for 30 nm.
- the density of charge carriers is limited by reducing the doping making it possible to generate these carriers.
- the first weakly conductive zone 5 will be more transparent to light radiation, that is to say less absorbent.
- the first zone 5 can be produced having an electrical resistivity of between 40 and 400 Ohms/square, preferably between 150 and 250 Ohms/square (with 150 Ohms/square corresponding to 10x10' 4 Ohm*cm for 70 nm, and 250 Ohms/square corresponding to 17x10' 4 for 70 nm).
- the first zone 5 has an absorption of light, in particular light having a wavelength of between 300 and 1200 nanometers, less than 2%, and preferably less than 1%.
- the first zone 5 can have an optical index of between 1.8 and 2.1, preferably between 1.9 and 2.
- the thickness H2 of the first zone 5 is between 5 and 70 nanometers (when the cell C1, C2 comprises a single TCO 3 layer), preferably between 15 and 30 nanometers (when the cell C1, C2 comprises two TCO 3, 4 layers).
- the thickness H2 is measured in the direction Z perpendicular to the main directions doped with hydrogen, or a layer of indium doped with tungsten, or a layer of indium doped with zinc, a layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with aluminum, or a layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with gallium, or a layer of tin oxide (SnO2) doped with arsenic.
- second highly conductive zones 10 to 17 having a minimum achievable electrical resistivity of approximately 1.5 x 10' 4 Ohm*cm.
- the electrical conductivity of the second zones 10 to 17 is strictly greater than the conductivity of the first zone 5.
- a polycrystalline ITO layer can be used with a resistivity of 1.5x10' 4 Ohm*cm. It is possible to use a layer of zinc oxide doped with aluminum (AZO) having for resistivity 2.2x10' 4 Ohm*cm. We can use a layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with aluminum having a resistivity of 1.4x10 -4 Ohm*cm. We can use a layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with Galium having a resistivity of 1.2x10' 4 Ohm*cm. We can use a layer of tin oxide (SnO2) doped with arsenic having a resistivity of 1.5x10' 4 Ohm*cm. Preferably, we choose to produce second zones 10 to 17 having a resistivity less than or equal to 1.5x10' 4 Ohm*cm.
- the second zones 10 to 17 may have a width 39 of between 5 and 30 ⁇ m.
- the second zones 10 to 17 can be separated by a distance 40 of between 0.1 and 1 mm.
- a height H1 of the second zones 10 to 17 can be between 70 and 300 nanometers.
- the second zones 10 to 17 are not in contact with the first face 30 of the substrate 2. That is to say that the height H2 of the first zone 5 is strictly greater than the height H1 of the second zones 10 to 17.
- the interconnection elements 20, 21 can be brought into contact with the second zones 10 to 17 located on the front faces 100 of the cells for parallel assembly of the photovoltaic cells C1, C2. When it is desired to mount the photovoltaic cells in series, the interconnection elements 20, 21 are located on the front face 100 of a first cell C1, and on the rear face 101 of a second photovoltaic cell C2.
- the interconnection elements 20, 21 are in direct mechanical contact with the second zones 10 to 17 of at least one photovoltaic cell C1, C2.
- the interconnection elements 20,21 can be copper wires, preferably tinned, that is to say comprising an external coating comprising tin, for example based on tin, bismuth and silver (SnBiAg), or based on tin, copper and silver (SnAgCu), or based on tin, bismuth and lead (SnBiPb), or based on tin and lead (SnPb) .
- the diameter of the section of the copper wires 20, 21 can be between 150 and 250 micrometers.
- the interconnection elements 20,21 are spaced at a distance 38 of between 2 and 8 mm.
- the assembly 1 comprises metallized pads 60, each metallized pad 60 being arranged in mechanical contact with a second zone 10 to 17 of the photovoltaic cell C1, C2 and with at least one interconnection element 20, 21. More particularly a metallized pad 60 does not correspond to a metallization line, in particular due to the fact that a maximum width or length of a metallized pad 60 is strictly less than a distance separating two interconnection elements 20, 21. Thus, a metallized pad 61 is not configured to electrically connect, by itself, two distinct interconnection elements 20, 21.
- the metallized pads 60 can be made from a conductive glue to improve the contact between the interconnection elements 20, 21 and the second zones 10 to 17. The conductive glue can be deposited in a continuous line under the interconnection elements 20, 21 or on the second zones 10 to 17 in a localized manner at the intersection between the interconnection elements 20, 21 and the second zones 10 to 17.
- the first zone 5 of at least one TCO layer 3, 4 has a face 41, called internal, in contact with at least one face 30, 31 of the substrate 2, and a face 42, called external, opposite the internal face 41.
- the internal faces 41 of the TCO layers 3, 4 are arranged in contact with the substrate 2.
- the external faces 42 of the TCO layers 3, 4 are arranged at a distance from the substrate 2.
- the external face 42 of a TCO layer 3, 4 has several pairs of ribs 43, 44, each pair of ribs 43, 44 delimiting between them a groove 45 where a second zone 10 to 17 is arranged.
- the second zones 10 to 14 are arranged. extend longitudinally along continuous lines respectively.
- the continuous lines are parallel to the main direction X.
- the second zones 15 to 17 extend longitudinally along discontinuous lines respectively.
- the dashed lines are parallel to the main direction X.
- FIG 3 another embodiment of a photovoltaic cell C1, C2 of a set 1 is shown, for which the second zones 10 to 17 of at least one TCO layer 3, 4 are arranged in contact with at least one face 30, 31 of the substrate 2.
- the photovoltaic cell C1, C2 comprises several first zones 5 arranged in contact with the face 30, 31 of the substrate 2.
- second zones can be produced 10 to 17 having a height H1 greater than or equal to a height H2 of the first zone 5.
- the height H1 is strictly greater than the height H2 of the first zone 5.
- FIGs 4 and 5 another embodiment of a photovoltaic cell C1, C2 is shown, for which the first zone 5 of at least one TCO layer 3, 4 is in the form of an advantageously continuous layer, having an internal face 41 arranged in contact with at least one face 30, 31 of the substrate 2, and an external face 42 opposite the internal face 41, arranged in contact with the second zones 10 to 17.
- the second zones 10 to 17 are deposited/formed on the surface of the first zone 5 and more particularly on the external face 42 of the first zone 5. They are then not directly in contact with the internal face 41 of the substrate 2.
- the first zone 5 can be partially covered a dielectric layer 61, preferably transparent.
- the dielectric layer 61 comprises several parts arranged between two neighboring second zones 10 to 14.
- the transparent dielectric layer 61 makes it possible to limit the reflection of light by the TCO layer 3, 4, in particular by the first zone 5. Indeed, when the first zone 5 has a low thickness H2, that is to say a thickness less than or equal to 30 nm, the reflection of light by the first zone 5 increases.
- the transparent dielectric layer 61 has a thickness H3 of between 30 and 100 nanometers.
- the transparent dielectric layer 61 comprises several parts respectively placed between two second zones 10 to 17.
- the transparent dielectric layer 61 may comprise silicon nitride (Si N), silicon oxide (SiO) or silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), alone or in combination.
- the transparent dielectric layer 61 has an optical index close to that of the TCO layer 3, 4, for example an optical index of between 1.8 and 2.1, preferably between 1.9 and 2.
- the assembly 1 which has just been described makes it possible to avoid having to make silver fingers on a face 100, 101 of a photovoltaic cell C1, C2 electrically connected to interconnection elements 20.21.
- each photovoltaic cell C1, C2 comprising a substrate 2 configured to photo-generate charge carriers, and at least one layer of transparent conductive oxide 3, 4 comprising at least a first zone 5 having a doping configured so that said at least a first zone 5 has a first electrical conductivity;
- second zones 10 to 17 having doping configured so that the second zones 10 to 17 have a second electrical conductivity strictly greater than the first electrical conductivity, the second zones 10 to 17 extending longitudinally along parallel lines respectively to a main direction X.
- the method further comprises a deposition of at least one interconnection element 20, 21 electrically coupled with the second zones 10 to 17 of each photovoltaic cell C1, C2 to electrically connect them together.
- at least one interconnection element is deposited extending in a direction inclined relative to the main direction X at an angle between 85° and 105°, preferably 90°.
- the interconnection elements 20, 21 can be deposited on the cell C1, C2 using a polymer sheet using the SmartWire Connection TechnologyTM (SWCT) technique.
- SWCT SmartWire Connection TechnologyTM
- the photovoltaic module assembly and the manufacturing process for such an assembly make it possible to very significantly reduce the consumption of silver per cell.
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23817118.5A EP4627639A1 (fr) | 2022-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Ensemble pour module photovoltaïque, module photovoltaïque et procédé de fabrication de l'ensemble et du module |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2212594A FR3142632B1 (fr) | 2022-11-30 | 2022-11-30 | Ensemble pour module photovoltaïque, module photovoltaïque et procédé de fabrication de l’ensemble et du module |
| FRFR2212594 | 2022-11-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024115696A1 true WO2024115696A1 (fr) | 2024-06-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/083817 Ceased WO2024115696A1 (fr) | 2022-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Ensemble pour module photovoltaïque, module photovoltaïque et procédé de fabrication de l'ensemble et du module |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4627639A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3142632B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024115696A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120015147A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-19 | Maa Jer-Shen | Solution Process for Fabricating a Textured Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) |
| WO2012046935A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | 엘지이노텍주식회사 | Cellule solaire |
| KR20130085188A (ko) | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-29 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | 텐덤구조를 갖는 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 |
| US20140182675A1 (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2014-07-03 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Solar cell and production method for solar cell |
| WO2014128032A1 (fr) | 2013-02-25 | 2014-08-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. | Composant à semi-conducteur, en particulier cellule solaire, et procédé de fabrication d'une structure de connexion métallique pour un composant à semi-conducteur |
| WO2014150235A1 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | The Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Oxydes métalliques riches en métal nanostructurés multifonctionnels |
| US9123861B2 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2015-09-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Solar battery, manufacturing method thereof, and solar battery module |
| CN114068735A (zh) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-18 | 任佳新 | 一种异质结光伏电池组件的制作方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-30 FR FR2212594A patent/FR3142632B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-11-30 EP EP23817118.5A patent/EP4627639A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-11-30 WO PCT/EP2023/083817 patent/WO2024115696A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120015147A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-19 | Maa Jer-Shen | Solution Process for Fabricating a Textured Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) |
| WO2012046935A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | 엘지이노텍주식회사 | Cellule solaire |
| US20140182675A1 (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2014-07-03 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Solar cell and production method for solar cell |
| US9123861B2 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2015-09-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Solar battery, manufacturing method thereof, and solar battery module |
| KR20130085188A (ko) | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-29 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | 텐덤구조를 갖는 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 |
| WO2014128032A1 (fr) | 2013-02-25 | 2014-08-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. | Composant à semi-conducteur, en particulier cellule solaire, et procédé de fabrication d'une structure de connexion métallique pour un composant à semi-conducteur |
| WO2014150235A1 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | The Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Oxydes métalliques riches en métal nanostructurés multifonctionnels |
| CN114068735A (zh) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-18 | 任佳新 | 一种异质结光伏电池组件的制作方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4627639A1 (fr) | 2025-10-08 |
| FR3142632B1 (fr) | 2025-12-26 |
| FR3142632A1 (fr) | 2024-05-31 |
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