WO2024111098A1 - 車載充電システム - Google Patents
車載充電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024111098A1 WO2024111098A1 PCT/JP2022/043419 JP2022043419W WO2024111098A1 WO 2024111098 A1 WO2024111098 A1 WO 2024111098A1 JP 2022043419 W JP2022043419 W JP 2022043419W WO 2024111098 A1 WO2024111098 A1 WO 2024111098A1
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- charging
- information
- power consumption
- power
- house
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H02J7/80—
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- H02J7/92—
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- H02J2105/37—
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- H02J2105/57—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
Definitions
- a charging system that charges the battery of an electric vehicle using power supplied to a house from outside (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the house is equipped with a power detection device provided between a distribution board and the power load in the house, and an electric vehicle charger equipped with a charge controller, converter, charging paddle, etc.
- the charge controller constantly senses the power load status of the power load in the house via the power detection device.
- the paddle of the electric vehicle charger When charging the battery of an electric vehicle, the paddle of the electric vehicle charger is connected to the inlet of the electric vehicle.
- the charge controller installed in the electric vehicle charger receives signals related to the battery status etc. from the electric vehicle via the communication antenna, calculates the charging power for the electric vehicle and transmits the control signal to the electric vehicle.
- Patent Document 1 requires special equipment on the home side, such as a power detection device that detects the power load status of the home's power load and a charging controller that calculates the charging power.
- the on-board charging system is an on-board charging system that charges a battery mounted on an electric vehicle with power supplied from a house, and includes an external environment recognition unit mounted on the electric vehicle and detecting external environment information of the electric vehicle, an information acquisition unit that acquires device information of an electric device installed in the house, a power consumption estimation unit that calculates an estimated power consumption value when the battery of the electric device installed in the house is charged based on the external environment information and the device information, and a charging power determination unit that determines a charging plan for the battery based on the estimated power consumption value, and the charging power determination unit determines the charging plan so that the sum of the charging power of the battery and the estimated power consumption value is below the upper limit of power that can be consumed in the house.
- the present invention there is no need for a device in the home to estimate power consumption or generate a charging plan, and the electric vehicle alone can estimate the power consumption of the home and generate a charging plan.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the integrated controller.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the estimation of power consumption by the power consumption estimating unit.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a forecast of residential power consumption.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the details of generating a charging plan.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a charging plan.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a series of operations in the in-vehicle charging system.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the detailed process of the information acquisition process in step S202 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the integrated controller.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the estimation of power consumption by the power consumption estimating unit.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the in-vehicle charging system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of details of the charging plan correction process shown in step S220 of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a display example of the information presenting unit.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the display on the information presenting unit.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the first modified example.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the second modification.
- First Embodiment 1 is a diagram for explaining a first embodiment of the present invention, and shows the device configuration of an electric vehicle 1 and a house 2.
- the house 2 buys and sells electric power from an electric power company through an electric power grid 21.
- a distribution board 24 provided in the house 2 is connected to the electric power grid 21 via a power meter 22 for measuring the bought and sold electric power, and an ampere breaker 23 for cutting off the power supply when the electric power capacity contracted with the electric power company is exceeded.
- the distribution board 24 distributes electric power to electric loads 25 and outlets 26 used in the house 2.
- the electric vehicle 1 is equipped with an on-board charging system 10 including an on-board charger 12, and a battery 11 for driving the vehicle.
- the on-board charger 12 is equipped with a charger controller 13 for controlling the voltage and current when charging the battery 11.
- the battery 11 is equipped with a battery sensor 14 for monitoring the battery state.
- the in-vehicle charging system 10 further includes an integrated controller 110, an external environment recognition unit 120, and an information acquisition unit 130.
- the integrated controller 110, the external environment recognition unit 120, and the information acquisition unit 130 are configured to be able to communicate with the charger controller 13 and the battery sensor 14 via the communication bus 16.
- the details of the integrated controller 110, the external environment recognition unit 120, and the information acquisition unit 130 will be described later.
- the integrated controller 110 includes a calculation unit such as a CPU, and a storage unit such as a memory such as a RAM or ROM, or a recording medium such as a hard disk or CD-ROM, and functions as the integrated controller 110 by executing a program stored in the storage unit.
- the on-board charger 12 When charging the battery 11 of the electric vehicle 1, the on-board charger 12 is connected to the outlet 26 of the house 2 via a charging cable 27.
- the charging cable 27 is equipped with a control box.
- the control box checks the connection status with the electric vehicle 1, and notifies the charger controller 13 and the integrated controller 110 of information such as whether power can be supplied and the current value that can be supplied to the electric vehicle 1.
- the integrated controller 110 generates a charging plan for charging the battery, as described below.
- the charger controller 13 acquires the charging state and temperature of the battery 11 through the battery sensor 14. When the charger controller 13 is notified that power can be supplied through the charging cable 27, it charges the battery 11 using the on-board charger 12. The charger controller 13 controls the voltage and current of the on-board charger 12 based on the charging plan generated by the integrated controller 110 and the acquired charging state and temperature of the battery 11, and charges the battery 11.
- the external environment recognition unit 120 is an on-board sensor provided in the electric vehicle 1, and includes, for example, a temperature sensor, an illuminance sensor, a humidity sensor, a raindrop sensor, a camera, a radar, a GPS (Global Positioning System) device, an acceleration sensor, and the like. Information detected by the temperature sensor, the illuminance sensor, and the humidity sensor is used to calculate and correct the power consumption of an air conditioner, a refrigerator, and the like as the electric load 25 used in the house 2.
- the raindrop sensor is used to estimate the operating state of the lighting, a washer/dryer, and the like as the electric load 25.
- the camera and radar are used to detect a garage or a covered parking lot provided in the house 2. These detections are performed when it is recognized that the vehicle is traveling or outdoors.
- the GPS device is used to detect the position information of the electric vehicle 1.
- the acceleration sensor is used, for example, to detect earthquakes, and charging is stopped when an earthquake is detected.
- the information acquisition unit 130 is, for example, a human-machine interface provided in the electric vehicle 1, and includes an input unit.
- a touch panel display device is suitable as the human-machine interface.
- Such a human-machine interface can be used for various settings and adjustments of the driving characteristics and comfort devices of the electric vehicle 1, as well as for a navigation system and an audio system.
- Information about the electric load 25 includes the contract capacity with the electric power company, which is the upper limit of the power capacity of the house 2, whether or not there is a plan in the contract that allows for variable electricity rates depending on the time of day, and the time periods and rates, the layout and structure of the house 2, the type of house such as a detached house or an apartment building, and housing information including hot water heaters and heating appliances, and information about the home appliances in the house 2.
- the home appliance information includes information necessary for estimating power consumption, such as the type and power consumption of the home appliance, the time period when the home appliance is used, and the operating hours.
- Home appliances include AV appliances such as televisions, radios, and electronic musical instruments, information appliances such as personal computers, video game consoles, and telephones, household appliances such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners, cooking appliances such as refrigerators, rice cookers, and microwave ovens, seasonal appliances such as air conditioners, electric fans, electric stoves, and electric blankets, and home equipment such as lighting fixtures, heat pump water heaters, and ventilation fans.
- AV appliances such as televisions, radios, and electronic musical instruments
- information appliances such as personal computers, video game consoles, and telephones
- household appliances such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners
- cooking appliances such as refrigerators, rice cookers, and microwave ovens
- seasonal appliances such as air conditioners, electric fans, electric stoves, and electric blankets
- home equipment such as lighting fixtures, heat pump water heaters, and ventilation fans.
- the information acquisition unit 130 is described as an example of a touch panel display device such as a navigation system provided in the electric vehicle 1, but the information acquisition unit 130 is not limited to this as long as it is a device that can acquire the information necessary to estimate the power consumption of the house 2.
- the information acquisition unit 130 may be configured on a server that the resident of the house 2 can connect to from any terminal via the Internet or the like.
- the electric vehicle 1 is provided with a device (for example, a display device) that constitutes part of the information acquisition unit 130.
- the vehicle When the user inputs the capacity of the ampere breaker 23 of the house 2 and information about the home appliances of the house 2 from the information acquisition unit 130 on the server, the vehicle refers to this information via a communication system (not shown) and acquires it on the vehicle side.
- ⁇ Integrated Controller 110> 2 is a functional block diagram of the integrated controller 110.
- the integrated controller 110 includes at least a power consumption estimation unit 111 and a charging power determination unit 112.
- the power consumption estimation unit 111 receives external environment information detected by the external environment recognition unit 120 and information related to the electrical load 25 acquired by the information acquisition unit 130. Based on this input information, the power consumption estimation unit 111 generates an operation pattern for each home appliance and estimates the power consumption of the house 2. Details of the estimation process will be described later.
- the charging power determination unit 112 receives as input information about the electric load 25 acquired by the information acquisition unit 130, battery information (the charge state and temperature of the battery 11) acquired by the battery sensor 14, and the power consumption forecast (sometimes called a power consumption estimate) of the house 2 estimated by the power consumption estimation unit 111.
- the charging power determination unit 112 sets the upper limit power at which the ampere breaker 23 cuts off the current (the breaker is tripped) from the acquired power contract information of the house 2.
- the charging power determination unit 112 generates a charging plan based on the power consumption forecast of the house 2 estimated by the power consumption estimation unit 111 and the battery information from the battery sensor 14, such that the sum of the power consumption forecast of the house 2 and the power to charge the battery 11 does not exceed the upper limit power.
- the charging plan is provided in the form of a table that sets the time and the upper limit of the power that can be used when charging the battery 11 (hereinafter referred to as the upper limit charging power).
- the generated charging plan is output to the charger controller 13.
- the charger controller 13 charges the battery 11 with power equal to or less than the upper limit charging power in accordance with the charging plan.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the estimation of power consumption by the power consumption estimating unit 111.
- the estimation of power consumption is performed by predicting the transition of power consumption in the house 2 from time t1 when the electric vehicle 1 starts charging to time t2 when charging of the battery 11 is completed.
- the estimation result is generated as a power consumption profile map (or table) plotted with time on the horizontal axis and power on the vertical axis.
- the example shown in FIG. 3 shows a case where the electric vehicle 1 returns home at time 10:00 (time t1), starts charging from there, and ends charging at time 22:00 (time t2).
- the time up to time 22:00 is shown as the time when charging ends, but there is no problem in making the prediction including the time after that.
- the time when the prediction is made may be determined regardless of the time when charging is completed, such as 24 hours or 48 hours in the future.
- the power consumption estimation unit 111 generates a power consumption forecast for each home appliance as shown in Figs. 3(a), (b), and (c) based on information about the home appliances and the like used in the house 2 acquired by the information acquisition unit 130. In doing so, the power consumption estimation unit 111 categorizes the home appliances and the like according to their usage patterns and power consumption, and generates a power consumption forecast by estimating the power consumption corresponding to each category.
- Figure 3(a) is an example of the power consumption forecast for home appliances, such as AV appliances and information appliances, that are expected to be operating most of the time while the user is at home in residence 2.
- home appliances consume an almost constant amount of power regardless of environmental factors such as temperature, so they reflect the power consumption value entered by the user.
- power consumption may be set to 0 during times when the residents of residence 2 are likely to be asleep, or this time may be made adjustable by obtaining the residents' sleeping times.
- the designer may set this in advance, such as setting the standby power equivalent to 1/10 between 0:00 and 5:00.
- Figure 3(b) shows an example of the power consumption forecast for home appliances whose power consumption varies depending on the outside temperature, humidity, etc., and here shows the power consumption forecast for an air conditioner.
- the efficiency of appliances that operate on a heat pump cycle, such as air conditioners and refrigerators changes depending on the temperature setting conditions and the temperature of the surrounding environment in which they are installed. For this reason, it is preferable to appropriately correct and estimate the power consumption of air conditioners and refrigerators based on the results of measurements of air temperature and solar radiation intensity using an air temperature sensor and an illuminance sensor as the external environment recognition unit 120, for example.
- Air conditioners consume a lot of power immediately after starting up, and as the temperature of the room being conditioned approaches the set temperature, the power consumption transitions such that the power consumption decreases.
- the air conditioner is operated from time t1 when charging begins.
- the power consumption forecast is generated assuming that immediately after the air conditioner starts operating, power consumption equivalent to the rated power consumption occurs, after which the air conditioner enters normal operation and a certain amount of power consumption dependent on the outside temperature occurs. For example, it is assumed that after operation at rated power after operation, it takes one hour to transition to power consumption for normal operation.
- the power consumption during normal operation is set by referring to a power consumption map for normal operation based on the temperature and illuminance around the house 2 detected by the external environment recognition unit 120.
- the power consumption of the air conditioner may be calculated from the housing information of the house 2 acquired by the information acquisition unit 130 using a technology such as that shown in non-patent literature (Building Research Institute, National Research and Development Agency; Technical information on the evaluation of energy consumption performance in accordance with the 2016 Energy Conservation Standards (Houses), https://www.kenken.go.jp/becc/documents/house/4-3_210401_v07.pdf) (see 2022,8,18).
- Figure 3 (c) shows the power consumption forecast for home appliances that consume power depending on the time of day and weather.
- it shows the power consumption forecast for an induction heater, a cooking appliance.
- home appliances that consume power depending on the time of day include cooking appliances, housekeeping appliances, and lighting.
- home appliances that consume power depending on the weather include lighting and washer-dryers.
- the power consumption value and the time period during which the appliance is mainly used are acquired by the information acquisition unit 130 and reflected in the plan. Time periods are divided into one hour, 30 minutes, three hours, etc. per day, and the user is allowed to select during which time period the appliance will be used.
- an induction heater heating appliance
- power consumption demand occurs around the time when the user of residence 2 eats meals, so a plan is generated based on the time of mealtime.
- the operating time is acquired from the user or the appliance.
- the power consumption is estimated based on the detection information of the raindrop sensor and illuminance sensor, which are the external environment recognition unit 120. For example, in the case of a washer-dryer, if rain is detected by the raindrop sensor and information is acquired that the user will use the washer-dryer in rainy weather, the power consumption forecast is planned assuming that power consumption will occur.
- the amount of power consumption is predicted by determining the number of lights corresponding to the layout and number of rooms from the home information acquired by the information acquisition unit 130.
- the power consumption estimation unit 111 generates an operation forecast from the time period after sunset or from surrounding illuminance information obtained from the illuminance sensor serving as the external environment recognition unit 120, and predicts the outlook for power consumption based on the operation forecast. For example, when it is expected that there will not be enough brightness even before sunset, such as during rainy weather, an operation forecast is generated assuming that lighting will be used.
- the time period during which lighting will be used may be set based on the sunset of the previous day or the past week detected by the external environment recognition unit 120.
- FIG. 4 is an example of the power consumption forecast for residence 2, obtained by adding up the power consumption of the home appliances shown in FIGS. 3(a), (b), and (c).
- the solid line is the power consumption forecast
- the dashed line is the upper limit power consumption at which ampere breaker 23 will operate.
- this is merely a forecast of the power consumption expected in residence 2, and the actual power consumption does not necessarily match the forecast value shown in FIG. 4.
- a television, lighting, air conditioner, and induction heater are shown as examples in FIGS. 3(a), (b), and (c), it goes without saying that there may be other home appliances used in residence 2. For other home appliances and power loads used, predictions are similarly made that are appropriate for their usage patterns, and power consumption forecasts are made.
- the power consumption of home appliances used in residence 2 varies depending on how they are used and on external influences.
- operation patterns in advance for home appliances that may be used in residence 2 not limited to the above-mentioned lighting, televisions, air conditioners, and induction heaters, and further correcting the power consumption values using information provided by the user, it is possible to set a power consumption pattern for each home appliance.
- induction heaters the times when the residents of residence 2 generally eat meals are collected as the above-mentioned home appliance information.
- Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining the details of generation of a charging plan by the charging power determination unit 112.
- the dashed line indicating the upper limit power consumption and the solid line indicating the power consumption forecast of the house 2 are the same as the dashed line indicating the upper limit power consumption and the solid line indicating the power consumption forecast of the house 2 shown in Fig. 4.
- the charging power determination unit 112 plans the power that can be used by the on-board charger 12 to charge the battery 11, based on the power consumption forecast of the house 2 estimated by the power consumption estimation unit 111 and the upper limit power consumption of the house 2 acquired by the information acquisition unit 130.
- the thick solid line indicates the charging plan for the battery 11 using the on-board charger 12
- the thick dashed line indicates the total power consumption, which is the sum of the power consumption forecast Whome for the house 2 and the power Wchg of the charging plan for the battery 11.
- the reserve power Wres is set for the total power consumption.
- the reserve power Wres may be set to a predetermined value such as 5% or 10% of the capacity of the ampere breaker 23 for the house 2, or it may be set to 0.
- the power Wchg of the charging plan is set so that at each time, the sum of the power consumption forecast Whome of the house 2, the power Wchg of the charging plan, and the reserve power Wres is less than the consumption upper limit power Wlim, as expressed by the following equation (1).
- t represents an arbitrary time in the plan.
- the power Wchg is power that can be used by the on-board charger 12, it is not necessarily used only for charging the battery 11.
- the air conditioner of the electric vehicle 1 is operated while receiving power from the house 2 via the charging cable 27. Even in such a case, care should be taken to ensure that the house 2 does not experience a power outage.
- the power Wchg in the charging plan may include not only power for charging the battery, but also power for air conditioning of the electric vehicle 1.
- the reserve power Wres is set as a predetermined value, such as 5% or 10% of the capacity of the ampere breaker 23 of the house 2, but it may also be set based on the weather conditions around the house detected by the external environment recognition unit 120. For example, if the raindrop sensor, which is the external environment recognition unit 120, predicts that there is a high possibility of rainfall, the reserve power Wres is corrected to an increased value. This makes it possible to avoid a situation in which the power consumption of the house 2 increases due to the use of appliances such as a washer-dryer or dryer, which are more likely to be usable when it rains, causing the ampere breaker 23 to operate and resulting in a power outage.
- a predetermined value such as 5% or 10% of the capacity of the ampere breaker 23 of the house 2
- the reserve power Wres is corrected to an increased value. This makes it possible to avoid a situation in which the power consumption of the house 2 increases due to the use of appliances such as a washer-dryer or dryer, which
- the upper limit power consumption Wlim has been described above as the capacity at which the ampere breaker 23 operates, this is not limited to this.
- a pre-set upper limit power consumption may be used in order for the user to save on electricity bills.
- a target power value is set when the wholesale power supplier that supplies power from the power grid 21 implements a demand response to meet a request to refrain from power usage in order to stabilize the power supply in the area.
- the target power value may be set as the upper limit power consumption Wlim.
- the target power value is obtained by receiving information from the wholesale power supplier that supplies power from the power grid 21.
- the charging plan may be generated by the following method.
- the first term on the right side is the power margin
- the second term is the charging power amount
- k is the time
- T is the length of the period ahead of the time t at which the plan is generated.
- ⁇ and ⁇ indicate weighting coefficients, and are parameters that adjust whether to place emphasis on the size of the margin or the amount of power to be charged.
- P Limit is the upper limit power
- W with a tilde ( ⁇ ) is the power consumption forecast of the house 2.
- the second term b j v is the charging power of the battery 11.
- N is the number of vehicles corresponding to the electric vehicles 1 to be charged at the house 2
- j is a number corresponding to each vehicle.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a charging plan in the case of a charging contract in which the electricity rate for residence 2 varies depending on the time of day.
- the thin dashed line indicates the upper limit power consumption
- the thin solid line indicates the expected power consumption for residence 2
- the thick solid line indicates the charging plan for battery 11
- the thick dashed line indicates the total power consumption obtained by adding up the expected power consumption for residence 2 and the power in the charging plan.
- a late-night rate with cheaper electricity rates is applied.
- the charging power determination unit 112 may generate a plan that reduces the electricity rate used for charging.
- Such electricity rate information may be input by the user via the information acquisition unit 130, for example, or may be provided by a wholesale electricity company successively distributing the information to the information acquisition unit 130.
- the charging power determination unit 112 generates a charging plan that increases the amount of charging power during late-night rate hours. In FIG. 6, the charging plan is generated so that the area of the region enclosed by the horizontal axis and the thick solid line shown as the charging plan is increased.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a series of operations in the above-mentioned on-board charging system 10, which is executed by the integrated controller 110.
- the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 starts, for example, when the user sets the shift lever of the electric vehicle 1 to parking or turns off the ignition. Alternatively, it may start when the user issues a start command.
- step S201 the integrated controller 110 determines whether the contract power and home appliance information required to estimate the power consumption of the house 2 have been acquired by the information acquisition unit 130. If it is determined in step S201 that the information has not been acquired (no), the process proceeds to step S202, where a subroutine for acquiring information is executed, and then the process proceeds to step S203. The detailed process of step S202 will be described later. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S201 that the information has been acquired (yes), the process proceeds to step S203. Note that if a power outage occurred during a previous charge, it is possible that a new home appliance has been added to the house 2, so in step S201, the user may be asked whether there have been any updates to the home appliance information.
- step S203 the integrated controller 110 reads out the home appliance information that has already been acquired or that was acquired in step S202.
- the integrated controller 110 reads outward environment information detected by the outside environment recognition unit 120.
- step S205 the power consumption estimation unit 111 of the integrated controller 110 estimates the outlook for power consumption of the residence 2 based on the read out home appliance information and outside environment information.
- step S206 the charging power determination unit 112 of the integrated controller 110 generates a charging plan for the battery 11 based on the outlook for power consumption of the residence 2 and the upper limit power consumption of the residence 2 obtained in step S205.
- the power consumption forecast and charging plan may be displayed on a display device provided in the human-machine interface.
- the user can check the charging information from the driver's seat before getting off the electric vehicle 1.
- step S207 the integrated controller 110 checks the connection state of the charging cable 27 based on information from the control box equipped with the charging cable 27, and determines whether charging of the battery 11 is possible. If the charging cable 27 is not connected, the process returns to step S204. If charging is possible, the process proceeds to step S208, where a self-check of the charging system related to charging is performed. For example, the temperature, voltage, etc. of the battery 11 are obtained to check whether the battery 11 is in a state where it can be charged.
- step S209 the process determines whether the self-check has passed (whether charging is possible). If it is determined to be passed in step S209, the process proceeds to step S210, where charging of the battery 11 is performed according to the charging plan generated in step S206. On the other hand, if it is determined to be failed in step S209, the process proceeds to step S211, where error processing such as an error notification is performed.
- the acceleration sensor which is one of the external environment recognition units 120, detects a predetermined acceleration or higher while the battery 11 is being charged by the on-board charger 12, charging is stopped. If the acceleration sensor detects periodic acceleration equal to or higher than a predetermined value, it is possible that an earthquake has occurred. Furthermore, if the acceleration exceeds a predetermined value regardless of the period, it is possible that something has collided with the electric vehicle 1. If such acceleration is detected while the battery is being charged, charging is automatically stopped, thereby making it possible to prevent secondary disasters such as fires.
- the seismic intensity standard may be changed by the user. For example, it may be set to pause when the seismic intensity is equivalent to a lower 5. After charging is automatically stopped, if acceleration is no longer detected and it is detected that power is still being supplied by the charging cable 27, charging will resume.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the detailed processing of the information acquisition process in step S202 shown in FIG. 7.
- the home appliance in the home appliance information may be any appliance that consumes power in the house 2 and whose power is measured by the power meter 22, and is not limited to so-called general home appliances.
- step S301 the information acquisition unit 130 acquires the contract capacity with the electric power company, which is the upper limit of the power capacity of the house 2.
- step S302 information such as the layout and structure of the house 2, whether it is a detached house or an apartment building, and information on hot water supply and heating appliances is acquired.
- step S303 information on the home appliances of the house 2 is acquired.
- step S304 the integrated controller 110 checks the content of the information acquired by the information acquisition unit 130. Then, if there is information that needs to be corrected (if no), the process proceeds to step S305 to reacquire the correct information.
- the power consumption of the house 2 is estimated based on information acquired by the external environment recognition unit 120 and the information acquisition unit 130 mounted on the electric vehicle 1, and a charging plan for the battery 11 is determined based on the estimated power consumption value (power consumption forecast). Therefore, there is no need for a device on the house 2 side to estimate power consumption or generate a charging plan, and the electric vehicle 1 can estimate the power consumption of the house 2 and generate a charging plan on its own. As a result, optimal charging can be performed while avoiding the risk of the breaker of the house 2 tripping.
- Second Embodiment Fig. 9 is a block diagram for explaining a second embodiment of the present invention, and shows the device configuration of an electric vehicle 1 and a house 2 in the same manner as in Fig. 1.
- the on-board charging system 10 shown in Fig. 9 further includes an information presentation unit 140 and a plan correction unit 150 in addition to the configuration shown in Fig. 1.
- the information presentation unit 140 presents the user with the power consumption forecast for the house 2 shown in Fig. 4 and the charging plan for the battery 11 shown in Fig. 5. In addition, the information presentation unit 140 displays the power outage risk situation when charging according to the charging plan to alert the user. For example, the information presentation unit 140 notifies the user of the time t2 in Fig. 5 as the estimated time when charging of the battery 11 will be completed. In addition, as shown in Fig. 5, the information presentation unit 140 displays that there is a high risk that the ampere breaker 23 of the house 2 will be activated between the time periods of 12:00 and 18:00.
- the user can use the plan correction unit 150 to correct the value of the reserve power Wres to a smaller value, or to correct the forecast power consumption of the home appliances by refraining from using cooking appliances such as induction heaters during the above-mentioned time period.
- the upper limit charging power when charging the battery 11 can be corrected to an increased value.
- a plan can be generated that further shortens the charging time of the battery 11, and the battery 11 can be charged while preventing a power outage in the house 2.
- the user can be guided to shorten the charging time while avoiding power outages.
- the plan correction unit 150 may be configured in such a way that a human-machine interface includes its functions, as in the case of the information presentation unit 140, or may be configured on a server, as in the case of the information acquisition unit 130 described above.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart explaining the operation of the in-vehicle charging system 10 in the second embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 is modified by adding step S220 to the flowchart shown in FIG. 7, so that the process proceeds to step S220 if it is determined in step S207 that the cable is not connected.
- the other steps are the same as the process explained in FIG. 7, and the charging plan correction process in the added step S220 will be explained below.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of details of the charging plan correction process shown in step S220.
- a series of charging plan correction processes is executed by the plan correction unit 150.
- the power consumption forecast and the charging plan are displayed on the information presentation unit 140.
- Figures 12 and 13 show examples of the display of the power consumption forecast for house 2 (A) and the charging power based on the charging plan (B) on the information presentation unit 140.
- the vertical widths of areas A and B in the figure represent the charging power Wchg and the power consumption Whome of house 2, respectively.
- Power outage risk information is displayed above the charging power (B).
- advice related to the charging plan is displayed as suggested revision information above the power outage risk information.
- Fig. 12 shows the case where automatic adjustment of charging power is stopped, and charging power Wchg is set to a constant value from start time t1 to end time t2.
- area C where area A and area B overlap is created in the 10:00-11:00 and 11:30-12:30 time periods.
- Power outage risk is indicated by color, with green indicating a safety level, yellow indicating a caution level, and red indicating a high level of power outage risk.
- the power outage risk in the 10:00-13:00 time period is displayed in red.
- FIG. 13 shows a case where charging of battery 11 is stopped during a time period when the risk of power outage is high.
- charging start time t1 was 10:00, but in FIG. 13, start time t1 is set to 13:00. Therefore, the overlap between area A and area B is eliminated, but the amount of charging power (remaining charge) of battery 11 at end time t2 is lower than in the case of FIG. 12.
- the user refers to the power consumption forecast, charging plan, power outage risk information, and modification proposal information displayed on the information presentation unit 140 to consider whether or not to revise the charging plan.
- the user then operates the input unit of the information acquisition unit 130 to input an instruction to modify or not modify the charging plan.
- the user may request a modification of the charging plan in response to a desire to advance the charging completion time or to reduce power consumption.
- step S402 it is determined whether or not the user has requested a correction. If there is a correction request, the process proceeds to step S403. If there is no correction request, the process proceeds to step S407. If there is no correction request and the process proceeds to step S407, the charging plan is finalized.
- the correction details are obtained from the user. Specifically, a correction screen is displayed on the information presentation unit 140, and the user is prompted to input the correction details. The user corrects the charging completion time, reserve power Wres, power consumption of the home appliances, the upper limit power for charging the battery 11, and the like. Note that if it is considered difficult for the user to accurately grasp the power consumption of the home appliances on an ongoing basis, the power consumption forecast for the residence 2 may be revised by selecting whether or not to use the home appliances included in the power consumption forecast.
- step S404 the plan correction unit 150 generates a corrected charging plan based on the correction content of step S403.
- the generation of the corrected charging plan may be performed by the plan correction unit 150, or the correction content of step S403 may be sent to the integrated controller 110 to cause the charging power determination unit 112 to generate the corrected charging plan.
- step S405 the plan correction unit 150 checks whether the content of the corrected charging plan generated in step S404 is flawed. Specifically, it is determined whether the plan includes a time when the upper limit power consumption Wlim(t), the power consumption Whome(t) of the house 2, the power Wchg(t) used by the on-board charger 12, and the surplus power Wres(t) satisfy the relationship expressed by the following formula (3). Wlim(t) ⁇ Whome(t)+Wchg(t)+Wres(t) (3)
- step S405 If it is determined in step S405 that there is a failure, the process returns to step S403, and a correction screen prompting the user to make corrections is displayed on the information presentation unit 140.
- the processes from step S403 to step S405 are repeated until a plan without failures is created.
- the corrected charging plan and power consumption forecast are displayed on the information presentation unit 140. This allows the user to interactively correct the charging plan, making it easier for the user to understand the power consumption forecast and charging plan.
- step S405 if it is determined in step S405 that the charging plan has not failed, the process proceeds to step S406, where the revised charging plan is displayed on the information presentation unit 140, and advice regarding the revised charging plan is provided to the user.
- the advice may be, for example, information for further reducing the possibility of a power outage.
- the advice may display home appliances that should be refrained from use during times when power consumption in the house 2 is high, or in the case of a revised charging plan that reduces the upper limit of charging power, notify the user that the charging completion time will be postponed, or notify the user of the expected charging state of the battery 11 at the start time of use of the electric vehicle 1 the next day.
- step S406 proceed to step S407 to finalize the charging plan.
- the power consumption forecast for the house 2, the charging plan, power outage risk information, etc. are presented to the information presentation unit 140, so the user can understand the contents of the charging plan, etc. As a result, the user can understand the risk of a power outage and the factors that cause the charging output to not reach the rated capacity, and can consider revising the charging plan, etc.
- the plan correction unit 150 for correcting the charging plan is provided, the user can adjust the charging power so as to further shorten the charging time while avoiding power outages. At that time, by presenting charging information including the corrected charging plan to the information presentation unit 140, the charging power can be adjusted efficiently and effectively.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram for explaining a third embodiment of the present invention.
- an energy management system 32 is provided in the house 2, and a telematics unit 160 is provided in the in-vehicle charging system 10.
- the energy management system 32 includes a solar panel 33, a power conditioner 34, a smart meter 35, an IOT (Internet of Things) home appliance 36, and a HEMS controller 37.
- the power conditioner 34 realizes the function of using the electricity generated by the solar panel 33 in the house 2 or selling it to the power grid 21.
- the smart meter 35 measures the electricity entering and leaving the power grid 21.
- the IOT home appliances 36 can be controlled, such as adjusting power consumption and turning on the power, by the smart meter 35 and the energy management system 32.
- the HEMS controller 37 collects the power trading results from the smart meter 35 and the operation results of the IOT home appliances 36, and controls the power conditioner 34 and the IOT home appliances 36.
- the HEMS controller 37 is configured to be able to communicate with the aggregation server 39 via the Internet network 38.
- the aggregation server 39 holds the power consumption record and power trading information of the house 2 acquired through the HEMS controller 37 and performs statistical processing. The user can check this information in the aggregation server 39 from any terminal (not shown).
- the vehicle-mounted charging system 10 refers to the power consumption record of the house 2 through the telematics unit 160 and the Internet network 38, and transmits the detection results of the external environment recognition unit 120 to the aggregation server 39.
- the aggregation server 39 associates the detection results (temperature, illuminance, humidity, etc.) of the external environment recognition unit 120 with the power consumption record of the house 2 and holds it as power consumption record information.
- the vehicle-mounted charging system 10 can acquire power consumption record information from the aggregation server 39 by using the telematics unit 160 provided in the vehicle-mounted charging system 10.
- the charger controller 13 may be instructed to reduce the output of the on-board charger 12, thereby preventing power outages.
- the actual power consumption will be less than the estimated power consumption value, so the output of the on-board charger 12 may be increased to shorten the charging time.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart for explaining the modified example 1.
- the external environment recognition unit 120 includes a GPS device and acquires position information of the electric vehicle 1.
- the integrated controller 110 executes the process shown in FIG. 15 before starting the process shown in FIG. 7 based on the detected position information. For example, when the user sets the shift lever of the electric vehicle 1 to parking or turns off the ignition, or when the user issues a start instruction operation after the vehicle is stopped, the process shown in FIG. 15 is started.
- step S501 the external environment recognition unit 120 of the integrated controller 110 acquires the position information of the electric vehicle 1 from the GPS.
- step S502 based on the acquired position information, it is determined whether or not charging of the battery 11 will be performed at the house 2. For example, if the acquired position information is within a specified range that includes the house 2, it is determined that charging will be performed at the house 2, and if it is outside the specified range, it is determined that charging will not be performed at the house 2.
- step S502 If it is determined in step S502 that charging will be performed at house 2, the process proceeds to step S503, where the process shown in FIG. 7 described above is performed, i.e., charging of battery 11 involving the generation of a charging plan is executed. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S502 that charging will not be performed at house 2 and the process proceeds to step S504, charging is performed with the smaller power of either the power specified by the control box provided in charging cable 27 or the power specified by the temperature of battery 11. Note that when the process proceeds to step S504, the power consumption estimation unit 111 does not estimate the power consumption of house 2, and the charging power determination unit 112 does not generate a charging plan.
- the charging plan determined by the charging power determination unit 112 is based on the power consumption forecast for the location (residence 2) where the user usually charges, and therefore is an inappropriate charging plan for charging locations other than the residence 2.
- the location information acquired by the external environment recognition unit 120 it is possible to determine whether or not the user will start charging at the location (home, etc.) where charging is usually performed. Then, processing is performed as in step S503 or step S504 depending on the location of the electric vehicle 1, and therefore it is possible to perform an appropriate charging operation depending on the location of the electric vehicle 1.
- step S502 the process proceeds from step S502 to step S504, and a charging plan based on the estimated power consumption value of residence 2 is not created. Therefore, when charging is performed using a location (charger or power) other than residence 2, charging with an inappropriate charging plan (charging plan for charging at residence 2) can be prevented.
- the process shown in FIG. 15 is started when the user sets the shift lever of the electric vehicle 1 to parking or turns off the ignition, or when the user gives a start instruction after the vehicle is stopped.
- the process shown in FIG. 7 is started.
- the process shown in FIG. 15 is started.
- step S503 of FIG. 15 a charging process accompanied by the presentation of a charging plan, etc. is executed.
- the charging plan is presented immediately when the electric vehicle 1 arrives at the home 2, and it becomes possible to complete the charging settings.
- the charging plan may be presented before the user arrives at the home, and the user can know in advance the charging plan after arrival.
- Fig. 16 is a diagram for explaining the second modification, and is a functional block diagram of an integrated controller 110.
- the integrated controller 110 shown in Fig. 16 includes a chargeability determination unit 113 and a charging method determination unit 114 in addition to the power consumption estimation unit 111 and the charging power determination unit 112 shown in Fig. 2.
- the operations of the power consumption estimation unit 111 and the charging power determination unit 112 are similar to those in Fig. 2.
- the chargeability determination unit 113 obtains the charging state of the battery 11 when charging is performed from the battery sensor 14, and stores the charging state of the battery 11 at the start of the previous charging, or the charging state of the battery 11 at the start of charging in the past multiple charging operations up to the previous time.
- the chargeability determination unit 113 performs the following determination regarding the charge state of the battery 11. If the current charge state of the battery 11 falls below the battery charge state at the time of past charging stored in the chargeability determination unit 113, or falls below the battery charge state at the time of past charging plus 5 to 10% of the power amount at full charge, it is determined that there is a high possibility of charging. Note that, if the above determination is performed while the electric vehicle 1 is traveling, the "estimated value of the charge state of the battery 11 at the time the electric vehicle 1 arrives at the house 2" is used instead of the "current charge state of the battery 11".
- the charging method determination unit 114 presents to the user, for example by the information presentation unit 140, information encouraging charging at a location other than the house 2.
- a state in which the period during which the power consumption of the house 2 is high continues for a long period of time refers to a case in which charging the battery 11 according to the charging plan (output) of the on-board charger 12 determined by the charging power determination unit 112 requires more than twice the charging time compared to charging at the rated value of the on-board charger 12.
- the value of "2x or more” may be changed according to the user's preferences. It may be set to 1.5x or more for users who do not want a long charging time, and 4x or more for users who wish to charge at home 2. In this way, the value of "2x or more” is adjustable, and it is preferable that it be adjustable between 1x and 5x.
- the power consumption estimation unit 111 estimates the temperature setting of the air conditioner in house 2 from the temperature setting of the vehicle air conditioner, and generates a power consumption forecast for house 2.
- a standard is set for the set temperature of the vehicle air conditioner of the electric vehicle 1, and if the temperature setting of the vehicle air conditioner is outside the range of 23 to 28°C, the power consumption of the air conditioner is corrected when estimating the power consumption of the house 2. If the temperature setting is below 23°C, the power consumption of the air conditioner during cooling operation is increased by 10%, and if a temperature above 28°C is set, the power consumption of the air conditioner during heating operation is increased by 10%, and the power consumption forecast for the house 2 is calculated.
- the amount of correction may be a method of increasing a predetermined amount when the predetermined range is exceeded as described above, or the amount of power may be increased or decreased according to the error from the reference temperature.
- the preferences and characteristics of the user who is driving the electric vehicle 1 are reflected in the estimation of the power consumption of the house 2, so that the estimation accuracy of the power consumption estimate value can be improved. Furthermore, by improving the estimation accuracy of the power consumption estimate value, it becomes possible to set the surplus power Wres in the charging plan more strictly, and it is possible to prevent the charging time from being excessively extended.
- an on-board charging system 10 that charges a battery 11 mounted on an electric vehicle 1 with power supplied from a house 2 includes an external environment recognition unit 120, which is an on-board sensor mounted on the electric vehicle 1 and detects external environment information of the electric vehicle 1, an information acquisition unit 130 that acquires device information (information about the electric load 25) of an electric device provided in the house 2, a power consumption estimation unit 111 that calculates a power consumption estimate (power consumption forecast) when charging the battery of an electric device provided in the house 2 based on the external environment information and the device information, and a charging power determination unit 112 that determines a charging plan for the battery 11 based on the power consumption estimate.
- the charging power determination unit 112 determines the charging plan so that the sum of the charging power of the battery 11 and the power consumption estimate is below the upper limit of power that can be consumed in the house 2 (the power value at which the ampere breaker 23 operates).
- the power consumption of the house 2 is estimated and a charging plan for the battery 11 is generated based on the information acquired by the external environment recognition unit 120 and the information acquisition unit 130 provided in the in-vehicle charging system 10, so that the charging plan can be created by the electric vehicle 1 alone when charging at the house 2.
- the in-vehicle charging system 10 further includes an information presentation unit 140 that presents charging information including a charging plan and an estimated power consumption value.
- the information presentation unit 140 presents the estimated power consumption value and the charging plan to the user, so the user can understand the estimated power consumption value and the charging plan. Furthermore, by presenting the charging information, the user can confirm that charging is being performed while avoiding the risk of tripping the ampere breaker 23 of the house 2, so that the psychological burden on the user regarding the risk of a power outage can be reduced.
- the charging power determination unit 112 generates power shortage risk information (power outage risk information) for the residence 2 based on the charging plan in addition to determining the charging plan.
- the charging information also includes the power shortage risk information.
- the information presentation unit 140 presents the power outage risk information to the user in addition to the charging plan (charging power) and the power consumption estimate (power consumption forecast), so that the user can understand the power outage risk and factors that cause the charging output to not reach the rated capacity. As a result, it becomes easier to deal with adjusting the charging power while avoiding power outages.
- the in-vehicle charging system 10 further includes a plan correction unit 150 for correcting the charging plan determined by the charging power determination unit 112, and when the plan correction unit 150 performs a correction, the information presentation unit 140 presents charging information including the corrected charging plan corrected by the plan correction unit 150 instead of the charging plan and the power consumption estimate value.
- the plan correction unit 150 for correcting the charging plan allows the user to adjust the charging power so that the charging time can be further shortened while avoiding power outages. Furthermore, by presenting charging information including the corrected charging plan to the information presentation unit 140, the charging power can be adjusted efficiently and effectively.
- the charging information presented by the information presentation unit 140 further includes modification proposal information for the charging plan or the modified charging plan. In this way, by presenting the modification proposal information, the user can easily adjust the charging power, etc., by referring to the modification proposal information.
- the in-vehicle charging system 10 further includes a performance information acquisition unit (telematics unit 160) that acquires information regarding the performance of use of electrical devices in the house 2, and the power consumption estimation unit 111 calculates a power consumption estimate based on the outside world information, device information, and information acquired by the performance information acquisition unit (telematics unit 160).
- a performance information acquisition unit (telematics unit 160) that acquires information regarding the performance of use of electrical devices in the house 2
- the power consumption estimation unit 111 calculates a power consumption estimate based on the outside world information, device information, and information acquired by the performance information acquisition unit (telematics unit 160).
- the power consumption estimate value can be revised by referring to the usage history.
- the estimation accuracy of the power consumption can be improved, the accuracy of the charging plan can be improved, and the occurrence of power outages in the house 2 when charging the battery can be suppressed.
- the estimation accuracy of the power consumption estimate value is increased, the surplus power Wres in the charging plan can be reduced and the upper limit of the charging power can be raised, suppressing excessively long charging times.
- the power consumption estimator 111 may calculate a power consumption estimate based on outside information, device information related to the power of electrical devices (home appliances) installed in the house 2, and setting information (e.g., temperature setting) of a vehicle air conditioner mounted on the electric vehicle 1. That is, by assuming that the air conditioner of the house 2 will be used in the same way as the vehicle air conditioner is used, the estimation accuracy of the power consumption estimate can be improved. Furthermore, by improving the estimation accuracy of the power consumption estimate, it becomes possible to set the surplus power Wres in the charging plan more strictly, and excessive extension of the charging time can be prevented.
- setting information e.g., temperature setting
- the external environment recognition unit 120 includes an acceleration sensor, and stops charging the battery 11 when the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the acceleration sensor detects acceleration equal to or greater than a predetermined value, it is possible that an earthquake has occurred or that something has collided with the electric vehicle 1.
- By automatically stopping charging when the acceleration detected during battery charging is equal to or greater than a predetermined value it is possible to prevent secondary disasters such as fires.
- the external environment recognition unit 120 includes a position information sensor (e.g., a GPS device) that acquires position information of the electric vehicle 1, and when the external environment recognition unit 120 detects that the parked position of the electric vehicle 1 is within a predetermined range including the house 2, the power consumption estimation unit 111 calculates a power consumption estimate value, and the charging power determination unit 112 determines a charging plan.
- a position information sensor e.g., a GPS device
- the charging plan determined by the charging power determination unit 112 is based on the power consumption forecast for the location (residence 2) where the user usually charges, and therefore is an inappropriate charging plan for charging locations other than residence 2.
- the power consumption estimate is calculated and the charging plan is determined when the parking position of the electric vehicle 1 is within a specified range that includes residence 2, so that charging according to an inappropriate charging plan (charging plan for charging at residence 2) can be prevented when charging is performed using a location (charger or power) other than residence 2.
- the external environment recognition unit 120 includes a position information sensor that acquires position information of the electric vehicle 1, and when the external environment recognition unit 120 detects that the position of the electric vehicle 1 is within a predetermined range including the house 2, the power consumption estimation unit 111 calculates a power consumption estimate value, and the charging power determination unit 112 determines a charging plan. Then, the information presentation unit 140 presents charging information including the charging plan and the power consumption estimate value when the electric vehicle 1 arrives at the house 2 or before it arrives.
- the charging plan and the estimated power consumption value are presented when the electric vehicle 1 arrives at the residence 2 or before the electric vehicle 1 arrives thereat, meaning that the charging settings can be completed as soon as the electric vehicle 1 arrives at the residence 2. If the charging plan and the estimated power consumption value are presented before the electric vehicle 1 arrives thereat, the user can know in advance the charging plan to be used after the electric vehicle 1 arrives thereat.
- the in-vehicle charging system 10 further includes a charging possibility determination unit 113 that determines the possibility of charging at the house 2 based on the remaining charge of the battery 11, and when the charging possibility determination unit 113 determines that there is a high possibility of charging at the house 2 and the power consumption estimation value calculated by the power consumption estimation unit 111 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the information presentation unit 140 presents information suggesting charging at a location other than the house 2.
- suggested information is presented to the user to encourage charging at a charging location other than the residence, thereby avoiding charging at the residence 2. This makes it possible to prevent power outages at the residence 2 and to prevent the charging time of the battery 11 from becoming excessively long.
- suggested information may be presented to the information presentation unit 140. Presenting suggested information in advance in this manner makes it easier for the user to deal with alternative charging methods.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態を説明する図であり、電動車両1および住宅2の装置構成を示す。住宅2は、電力系統21を通じて電力会社から電力を売買する。住宅2に設けられた配電盤24は、売買した電力を計量するための電力計22および電力会社と契約した電力容量を超過した場合に電力供給を切断するためのアンペアブレーカ23を介して、電力系統21に接続されている。配電盤24は、住宅2で使用される電気負荷25やコンセント26へ電力を分配する。
外界認識部120は電動車両1に設けられた車載センサであり、例えば、気温センサ、照度センサ、湿度センサ、雨滴センサなどの他に、カメラ、レーダー、GPS(Global Positioning System)装置、加速度センサなどがある。気温センサ、照度センサおよび湿度センサの検出情報は、住宅2で使用される電気負荷25としてのエアコンや冷蔵庫等の消費電力の算出および補正に利用される。雨滴センサは電気負荷25としての照明や洗濯乾燥機等の稼働状態の推定に利用される。カメラ、レーダーは、住宅2に設けられた車庫や屋根付き駐車場の検出に利用される。これらの検出は走行中や屋外であることが認識された場合に行われる。GPS装置は、電動車両1の位置情報の検出に用いられる。加速度センサは、例えば、地震検出等に用いられ、地震が検出された場合には充電は停止される。
情報取得部130は、例えば、電動車両1の備えるヒューマンマシンインタフェースで構成され、入力部を備えている。ヒューマンマシンインタフェースとしては、例えば、タッチパネル式のディスプレイ装置が好適である。このようなヒューマンマシンインタフェースは、電動車両1の走行特性や快適装置の各種設定や調整の他、ナビゲーションシステムやオーディオシステムと兼用可能である。ユーザは情報取得部130の入力部を操作することにより、電動車両1に乗車した状態で、情報取得部130を通じた情報提供を車載充電システム10に対して行うことができる。ユーザは、情報取得部130の入力部を操作して、電力を消費する電気負荷25に関する情報を車載充電システム10に入力する。入力された情報は、上述した統合コントローラ110の記憶部に記憶される。
図2は、統合コントローラ110の機能ブロック図である。統合コントローラ110は、少なくとも消費電力推定部111および充電電力決定部112を備える。
図3は、消費電力推定部111による消費電力の推定を説明する図である。消費電力の推定は、電動車両1が充電を開始する時刻t1を起点として、バッテリ11の充電を終了する時刻t2までの住宅2における消費電力の推移を予想するものである。推定結果は、横軸に時刻を取り縦軸に電力を取る形でプロットされる消費電力プロファイルマップ(あるいはテーブル)として生成される。図3に示す例では、電動車両1が時刻10:00(時刻t1)に帰宅してそこから充電を開始し、時刻22:00(時刻t2)に充電を終了するとした場合を示している。ここでは、充電を終了する時刻として時刻22:00までを示しているが、それ以降の時刻も含めて予測を行っても問題ない。例えば、24時間先や48時間先といった充電を完了する時刻に関わらず予測を行う時刻を決めても構わない。充電を終了する時刻を超えて予測を行うことで、例えば電動車両1のバッテリ11の充電が予定通りに完了しなかった場合であっても、引き続き充電を継続しても住宅2の契約電力を超えた充電となっていないかを判断することができ、住宅2が停電してしまう事を防止できる。
図5は、充電電力決定部112による充電計画の生成の詳細を説明する図である。図5において、消費上限電力を示す破線および住宅2の消費電力見通しを示す実線は、図4に示した消費上限電力を示す破線および住宅2の消費電力見通しを示す実線と同一のものである。充電電力決定部112は、消費電力推定部111が推定した住宅2の消費電力見通しと、情報取得部130で取得した住宅2の消費上限電力とに基づいて、バッテリ11を充電する為に車載充電器12が使用できる電力を計画する。
Wlim(t)≧Whome(t)+Wres(t)+Wchg(t) ・・・(1)
図9は、本発明の第2の実施形態を説明するブロック図であり、図1の場合と同様に電動車両1および住宅2の装置構成を示す。図9に示す車載充電システム10は、図1に示した構成に対して、情報提示部140および計画修正部150をさらに備えている。
情報提示部140は、図4に示した住宅2の消費電力見通しや、図5に示したバッテリ11の充電計画等をユーザへ提示する。また、充電計画に沿った充電を行った際の停電リスク状況を表示して、ユーザに注意を促す。例えば、図5における時刻t2をバッテリ11の充電が完了する予定時刻として通知する。また、図5に示すように、12:00および18:00の時間帯において住宅2のアンペアブレーカ23が作動する危険性が高いことを表示する。
Wlim(t)<Whome(t)+Wchg(t)+Wres(t) ・・・(3)
図14は、本発明の第3の実施形態を説明するブロック図である。図14に示す構成では、第1の実施形態の図1の構成に加えて、住宅2にエネルギマネジメントシステム32を備え、車載充電システム10にテレマティクスユニット160を備える。エネルギマネジメントシステム32は、太陽光パネル33、パワーコンディショナ34、スマートメータ35、IOT(Internet of Things)家電36およびHEMSコントローラ37を備える。
図15は、変形例1を説明するフローチャートである。変形例1では、外界認識部120はGPS装置を含み、電動車両1の位置情報を取得する。統合コントローラ110は、検出された位置情報に基づいて、図7に示す処理を開始する前に図15に示す処理を実行する。例えば、ユーザが電動車両1のシフトレバーをパーキングに設定した場合やイグニッションをオフとした場合、または、車両停車後のユーザのスタート指示操作により、図15に示す処理をスタートする。
図16は、変形例2を説明する図であり、統合コントローラ110の機能ブロック図である。図16に示す統合コントローラ110は、図2に示した消費電力推定部111および充電電力決定部112に加えて、充電可能性判定部113と充電方法決定部114とを備えている。消費電力推定部111および充電電力決定部112の動作は、図2の場合と同様である。
変形例3では、消費電力推定部111で住宅2の消費電力見通しを生成する際に、電動車両1に搭載されている車両空調装置の設定条件も利用する。ユーザが電動車両1に乗車しているときの車両空調装置の温度設定は、そのときの外界温度に依存しているが、ユーザ自身の寒暖の感じ方にも影響される。
Claims (11)
- 住宅から供給される電力によって電動車両に搭載されたバッテリを充電する車載充電システムであって、
前記電動車両に搭載され、前記電動車両の外界情報を検出する外界認識部と、
前記住宅に設けられた電気機器の機器情報を取得する情報取得部と、
前記外界情報および前記機器情報に基づいて、前記住宅に設けられた電気機器のバッテリ充電時における消費電力推定値を算出する消費電力推定部と、
前記消費電力推定値に基づいて、前記バッテリの充電計画を決定する充電電力決定部と、を備え、
前記充電電力決定部は、前記バッテリの充電電力と前記消費電力推定値との合計が前記住宅で消費可能な電力の上限値を下回るように前記充電計画を決定する、車載充電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記充電計画および前記消費電力推定値を含む充電情報を提示する情報提示部をさらに備える、車載充電システム。 - 請求項2に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記充電電力決定部は、前記充電計画の決定に加えて、前記充電計画に基づき前記住宅における電力不足リスク情報を生成し、
前記充電情報は前記電力不足リスク情報を含む、車載充電システム。 - 請求項2に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記充電電力決定部が決定した前記充電計画を修正するための計画修正部をさらに備え、
前記情報提示部は、前記計画修正部による修正が行われると、前記充電計画および前記消費電力推定値に代えて、前記計画修正部により修正された修正後充電計画を含む充電情報を提示する、車載充電システム。 - 請求項4に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記情報提示部が提示する前記充電情報には、前記充電計画または前記修正後充電計画に対する修正提案情報がさらに含まれる、車載充電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記住宅内の電気機器の使用実績に関する情報を取得する実績情報取得部をさらに備え、
前記消費電力推定部は、前記外界情報、前記機器情報および前記実績情報取得部で取得した情報に基づいて前記消費電力推定値を算出する、車載充電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記消費電力推定部は、前記外界情報、前記機器情報および前記電動車両に搭載された空調装置の設定情報に基づいて、前記消費電力推定値を算出する、車載充電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記外界認識部は加速度センサを含み、
前記加速度センサによって検出された加速度が所定値以上の場合には、前記バッテリの充電を停止する、車載充電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記外界認識部は、前記電動車両の位置情報を取得する位置情報センサを含み、
前記電動車両の停車位置が前記住宅を含む所定範囲内であることが前記外界認識部により検出されると、前記消費電力推定部による前記消費電力推定値の算出、および、前記充電電力決定部による前記充電計画の決定を実行する、車載充電システム。 - 請求項2に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記外界認識部は、前記電動車両の位置情報を取得する位置情報センサを含み、
前記電動車両の位置が前記住宅を含む所定範囲内であることが前記外界認識部により検出されると、前記消費電力推定部による前記消費電力推定値の算出、および、前記充電電力決定部による前記充電計画の決定が実行され、
前記情報提示部は、前記電動車両が前記住宅に到着したときまたは到着前に、前記充電情報を提示する、車載充電システム。 - 請求項2に記載の車載充電システムにおいて、
前記バッテリの充電残量に基づいて前記住宅での充電実施の可能性を判定する充電可能性判定部をさらに備え、
前記充電可能性判定部で前記住宅での充電実施の可能性が高いと判定され、かつ、前記消費電力推定部で算出された消費電力推定値が所定値以上である場合に、前記情報提示部は前記住宅以外での充電を提案する情報を提示する、車載充電システム。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012075282A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Panasonic Corp | 充電制御装置 |
| JP2019030136A (ja) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-21 | Kddi株式会社 | 充電制御サーバ、充電制御システム及びプログラム |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012075282A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Panasonic Corp | 充電制御装置 |
| JP2019030136A (ja) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-21 | Kddi株式会社 | 充電制御サーバ、充電制御システム及びプログラム |
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