WO2024110095A1 - Lithiumaluminiumsilikat-glaskeramik - Google Patents
Lithiumaluminiumsilikat-glaskeramik Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024110095A1 WO2024110095A1 PCT/EP2023/075501 EP2023075501W WO2024110095A1 WO 2024110095 A1 WO2024110095 A1 WO 2024110095A1 EP 2023075501 W EP2023075501 W EP 2023075501W WO 2024110095 A1 WO2024110095 A1 WO 2024110095A1
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- glass ceramic
- glass
- silicate glass
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- lithium aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0018—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents
- C03C10/0027—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents containing SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O as main constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/097—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lithium aluminum silicate glass ceramic which is suitable for use as a cooking surface in cooking appliances and its use.
- Lithium aluminum silicate (LAS) glass ceramics are used for this, which contain either high quartz solid solution (HQMK), especially for transparent materials, or keatite solid solution (KMK), especially for translucent or opaque materials, as the main crystal phase.
- HQMK high quartz solid solution
- KMK keatite solid solution
- green glasses are first produced using processes that are common for glass production. These green glasses are converted into glass ceramics by a thermal treatment, known as ceramization.
- the key property of these materials for use as cooking surfaces is that they have very low thermal expansion in a temperature range from room temperature to 700°C.
- the low thermal expansion in turn results in high resistance to thermal shock.
- the thermal expansion is set by the combination of crystal phases with negative thermal expansion and an amorphous residual glass phase with positive thermal expansion.
- the glass ceramics used to date usually contain a lithium content of more than 3.6 to 5.0 percent by weight. Due to rising raw material prices for lithium, it is economically advantageous to minimize the proportion of lithium in the glass ceramic. However, since lithium is one of the three main components in lithium aluminum silicate glass ceramics, it cannot simply be reduced arbitrarily.
- the proportion of Li2O has a direct effect on key properties of the glass ceramic, such as the viscosity in the melt, which is important for manufacturability, or the thermal expansion, which is important for use as a cooking surface.
- Glass ceramics with a Li2O content of less than 3.5 wt.% are known from the following documents: WO 2012/010341 A1 , EP 3502069 A1 , US 2017050880, US 2020189965, US2020140322, US2021387899, WO2021/224412 A1 .
- these glass ceramics have various disadvantages, for example a reduced resistance to thermal shock or poor meltability of the green glass.
- a transparent glass ceramic is understood as a glass ceramic with low light scattering.
- the transmission of a transparent glass ceramic can be adjusted over a wide range using absorbing, i.e. coloring, components.
- transparent glass ceramics are used for cooking surfaces, they are either colored by adding color oxides or provided with a bottom coating to optically conceal the technical installations underneath the cooking surface.
- Various color oxides can be used for the volume coloring of the glass ceramics. These include in particular V2O5, CoO, Fe2Os, Cr20s, Nd20s, NiO, CuO, MnO and MoOs. Each of these color oxides has a different effect on the absorption of the glass ceramics in the visible and infrared spectral range.
- the coloring of glass ceramics is described in the following documents, among others: WO 11089220 A1, US 8765619, DE 102008050263 B4, DE 102009013127 B4.
- the object of the invention is to provide a lithium aluminum silicate glass ceramic which has good melting properties of the green glass and is cost-effective without resulting in restrictions in the usage properties.
- Good melting properties include, among other things, the processing point being at a temperature of less than 1340 °C, preferably less than 1330 °C, particularly preferably less than 1320 °C.
- the processing point is the temperature at which the green glass has a viscosity of 10 4 dPa*s.
- the hot forming of the green glass takes place near this temperature. The higher the temperature during hot forming, the more complex it is to dissipate the heat introduced into the forming machines by the glass. At temperatures above 1340 °C, this can only be achieved by reducing the amount of heat by reducing the throughput of the glass. However, this is economically disadvantageous.
- the upper devitrification temperature is not reached during hot forming, undesirable spontaneous crystallization may occur. To prevent this, the upper devitrification temperature should be at least 10 K, preferably at least 20 K, particularly preferably at least 30 K lower than the processing point.
- the glass ceramic should meet all requirements for use as a cooking surface with all types of heating elements. These include radiation, induction and gas heating elements. This requires a sufficiently high resistance to temperature changes as well as a high long-term temperature resistance.
- the lithium aluminum silicate glass ceramic according to the invention has a thermal expansion coefficient in the range from 20°C to 700°C of -0.5 to 1.9 ppm/K.
- the glass ceramic contains the following components in the amounts indicated in % by weight on an oxide basis:
- a glass ceramic with an appropriate thermal expansion coefficient has both a high resistance to thermal shock and a high long-term thermal stability. This makes it suitable for use as a cooking surface with all types of heating elements.
- the expansion coefficient is at least -0.5 ppm/K. “ppm” means “parts per million”, i.e. a relative change in size of 10' 6 with a temperature change of 1 K. More negative values of thermal expansion must be avoided. With negative expansion, i.e. contraction, tensile stresses arise in the surface of the glass ceramic when it is heated.
- the thermal expansion coefficient is at least -0.4 ppm/K, -0.2 ppm/K, 0.0 ppm/K, 0.2 ppm/K, 0.4 ppm/K, 0.6 ppm/K, 0.8 ppm/K or even 0.9 ppm/K.
- the thermal expansion coefficient is preferably a maximum of 1.7 ppm/K, 1.5 ppm/K, 1.3 ppm/K, 1.1 ppm/K, 1.0 ppm/K, 0.8 ppm/K or even only a maximum of 0.6 ppm/K.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass ceramic is -0.5 to 1.0 ppm/K, preferably -0.1 to 0.8 ppm/K, particularly preferably 0 to 0.6 ppm/K.
- Such glass ceramics are particularly suitable for cooking surfaces in cooking appliances with radiant heating elements.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass ceramic is 0.5 to 1.9 ppm/K, preferably -0.7 to 1.7 ppm/K, particularly preferably 0.9 to 1.5 ppm/K.
- Such glass ceramics are suitable, for example, for cooking surfaces in cooking appliances with induction heating elements.
- the glass ceramic according to the invention contains the following components in % by weight:
- the components SiO 2 and AI2O3 together with I 2O form the main components of the crystal phase in the glass ceramic. At the same time, they essentially determine the glass formation properties and the viscosity of the green glass.
- the SiC content of the glass ceramic according to the invention should be a maximum of 70 wt.%, because this component greatly increases the viscosity of the glass, in particular the processing point. Higher SiO 2 contents are uneconomical for good melting of the glass and for low forming temperatures.
- the minimum SiO 2 content should be 60 wt.%, because this is advantageous for the required properties, such as chemical resistance and temperature resistance. With very high SiO 2 contents of more than 70 wt.%, deep quartz crystals can form during ceramization. This leads to a strong increase in thermal expansion.
- the glass ceramic contains at least 61 wt.%, 62 wt.%, 63 wt.%, 64 wt.% or even 65 wt.% SiO2.
- the content of Al2O3 in the glass ceramic according to the invention is in the range of 17 to 25 percent by weight.
- a higher proportion of Al2O3 leads to problems with devitrification and the undesirable formation of mullite. Therefore, 25 percent by weight should not be exceeded.
- Amounts of Al2O3 less than 17 percent by weight are unfavorable for the formation of high quartz mixed crystals and promote the formation of undesirable crystal phases.
- the glass ceramic contains at least 18 wt.%, 19 wt.% or even 20 wt.% AI2O3.
- the glass ceramic contains 17 - ⁇ 19.0 wt.%, preferably 17.5 - 18.9 wt.%, particularly preferably 18 - 18.8 wt.% AI2O3.
- the glass ceramic contains >21.0 - 25 wt.%, preferably 21.5 - 24 wt.%, particularly preferably 22.0 - 23 wt.% AI2O3.
- the Li2O content of the glass ceramic according to the invention is in the range 2.0 - 3.4 wt.%. It has surprisingly been shown that with an I/O content in this range in combination with the other components within the stated limits, a glass ceramic with a high thermal shock resistance and good meltability can be achieved. Since Ü2O has a strong influence on the thermal expansion of the glass ceramic, Ü2O is selected in combination with the other components of the glass ceramic according to the invention within the above-mentioned limits. This makes it possible to achieve the thermal shock resistance required for the invention.
- a proportion of at least 2.0 wt.% Ü2O has a positive effect on the manufacturability of the glass ceramic, as this reduces the electrical resistance of the glass melt, reduces the viscosity and thus also lowers the processing point.
- the efficiency of the refining can also be improved by reducing the viscosity of the glass melt. Improved refining leads to less production waste due to bubble formation in the green glass.
- the glass ceramic contains at least 2.1 wt.%, 2.2 wt.%, 2.3 wt.%, 2.4 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, 2.6 wt.%, 2.7 wt.%, >2.8 wt.%, >2.9 wt.% or even 3.0 wt.% Li2O.
- the glass ceramic contains at most 3.3 wt.%, 3.2 wt.%, 3.1 wt.%, ⁇ 3.0 wt.%, 2.9 wt.%, 2.8 wt.%, 2.7 wt.%, 2.6 wt.% or even 2.5 wt.% Li2O.
- the proportion of Li2O is 2.0 - 2.8 wt.%, 2.1 - 2.7 wt.%, 2.2 - 2.6 wt.% or even 2.3 - 2.5 wt.%.
- a glass ceramic with particularly low manufacturing costs can be obtained.
- the proportion of Li2O is >2.8 - 3.4 wt. %, >2.9 - 3.3 wt. % or even 3.0 - 3.2 wt. %. Within these narrower limits, a glass ceramic with particularly high thermal shock resistance can be obtained.
- the proportion of Ü2O is 2.1 - 3.3 wt.%, 2.2 - 3.2 wt.%, 2.3 - 3.1 wt.%, 2.4 - ⁇ 3.0 wt.%, 2.5 - 2.9 wt.% or even 2.6 - 2.8 wt.%.
- Ü2O is 2.1 - 3.3 wt.%, 2.2 - 3.2 wt.%, 2.3 - 3.1 wt.%, 2.4 - ⁇ 3.0 wt.%, 2.5 - 2.9 wt.% or even 2.6 - 2.8 wt.%.
- natural mineral raw materials such as spodumene or petalite or, alternatively, synthetically produced Li2COs are usually used as a source of lithium.
- the natural mineral raw materials contain impurities that can have an undesirable influence on the optical properties of the glass ceramic, for example.
- the amount of impurities in natural raw materials can vary between deliveries, which makes it difficult to achieve the desired properties of the glass ceramic. For this reason too, it is advantageous to reduce the amount of Li2CO in the glass ceramic as much as possible.
- the glass ceramic contains high quartz solid solution as the main crystal phase.
- "Main crystal phase” means that the glass ceramic contains more high quartz solid solution than keatite solid solution by volume.
- the glass ceramic contains ⁇ 10 vol.%, preferably ⁇ 5 vol.%, particularly preferably ⁇ 3 vol.% keatite solid solution.
- the vol.% refers to the volume of the glass ceramic, preferably to the volume of the crystal phase. The volume proportions are determined using Rietveld analysis from X-ray diffraction spectra.
- Keatite solid solutions generally have a higher thermal expansion than high quartz solid solutions. Therefore, a high proportion of high quartz solid solutions and a simultaneously low proportion of keatite solid solutions is particularly advantageous for the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass ceramic. It therefore improves the thermal shock resistance of the glass ceramic.
- the glass ceramic according to the invention contains 0 - 1.9 wt.% MgO and 0.2 - ⁇ 2.9 wt.% BaO.
- the amount of MgO in the glass ceramic is limited to a maximum of 1.9 wt.%.
- the glass ceramic contains a maximum of 1.7 wt.%, 1.4 wt.%, ⁇ 1.4 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, or even 0.6 wt.% MgO.
- the glass ceramic contains small amounts of MgO. Small amounts of MgO can be used to reduce the processing point and the upper devitrification temperature.
- the glass ceramic can preferably contain at least 0.1 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, 0.4 wt.% or even 0.5 wt.% MgO. MgO can also be introduced into the glass ceramic as an impurity of raw materials.
- the glass ceramic contains >0 - 1.7 wt.%, 0.1 - 1.4 wt.%, 0.2 - 1.2 wt.%, 0.3 - 0.8 or even 0.4 - 0.6 wt.% MgO.
- the glass ceramic therefore contains at least 0.2 wt. %, preferably at least 0.4 wt. %, 0.6 wt. %, 0.8 wt. % or even 1 wt. % BaO in combination with the above-mentioned amounts of Ü2O.
- BaO in the glass ceramic according to the invention also makes a significant contribution to improving the devitrification behavior during hot forming of the green glass. BaO lowers the upper devitrification limit of the green glass. In this way, it helps to ensure that the distance between operating point and upper devitrification limit. This increases the temperature window for stable hot forming without devitrification problems.
- the glass ceramic therefore preferably contains less than 2.7 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, 2.0 wt.%, 1.8 wt.%, 1.6 wt.%, 1.4 wt.% or even 1.2 wt.%. The less BaO the glass ceramic contains, the faster the ceramization process.
- the glass ceramic according to the invention contains 0.8 - 4.0 wt.% ZrO2, >1.8 - 5.0 wt.% TiO2 and 0.1 - ⁇ 1.0 wt.% SnO2.
- TiO2, ZrO2 and SnO2 act as nucleating agents in the glass ceramic, among other things, and as such work closely together.
- a content of 1 wt.% ZrO2, >1.8 wt.% TiO2 and 0.1 wt.% SnO2 is advantageous in combination with the other components of the glass ceramic according to the invention in order to ensure sufficient nucleation for the properties according to the invention.
- the amount of ZrO2 is limited to values of 4.0 wt.% because ZrO2 increases the viscosity of the glass melt and therefore also the processing point. In addition, ZrO2 can lead to devitrification during hot forming. This can lead to the undesirable formation of baddeleyite.
- the glass-ceramic preferably contains at least 1.0 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, >1.3 wt.%, 1.4 wt.% or even 1.5 wt.% ZrO2. Furthermore, it preferably contains at most 3.8 wt.%, 3.5 wt.%, 3.2 wt.%, 3.0 wt.% or even just 2.5 wt.% ZrO2.
- the amount of TiC is limited to values of at most 5.0 wt.%. Larger amounts of TiC can lead to devitrification during hot forming. In addition, it can lead to an undesirable increase in the refractive index of the residual glass phase.
- the glass-ceramic preferably contains at least 2 wt.%, 2.3 wt.%, 2.6 wt.% or even 2.9 wt.% TiC.
- it preferably contains at most 4.5 wt.%, 4.2 wt.%, 4.0 wt.%, 3.8 wt.%, 3.6 wt.% or even just 3.4 wt.% TiC.
- TiO2 With higher proportions of TiO2, nucleation occurs more quickly. This can reduce the ceramization time of the glass-ceramic. Lower proportions of TiO2 stabilize the ceramization process and prevent unintentional devitrification during hot forming of the green glass.
- the amount of ⁇ 1.0 wt.% SnO2 should not be exceeded. Higher contents lead to the crystallization of Sn-containing crystal phases on the contact materials (e.g. Pt/Rh) during shaping and should be avoided.
- the glass ceramic contains a maximum of 0.8 wt.%, 0.6 wt.% or even just 0.4 wt.% SnO2.
- the glass ceramic can contain 0.1 - 0.8 wt.%, preferably 0.2 - 0.7, particularly preferably 0.3 - 0.6 wt.% SnÜ2.
- the SnÜ2 can support the refining of the green glass.
- a glass ceramic with these amounts of SnÜ2 is characterized by particularly few defects due to trapped gas bubbles.
- the glass ceramic can contain 0 - 0.8 wt.%, preferably 0.1 - 0.6 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.2 - 0.4 wt.% CeO2.
- the CeO2 in combination with SnO2 can also support the refining and improve bubble quality.
- the glass ceramic according to the invention contains >2.2 - 6.0 wt.% ZnO.
- ZnO can be used, especially in combination with high amounts of AI2O3, to lead to undesirable formation of gahnite crystals. Therefore, the amount in the glass ceramic according to the invention is limited to 6.0 wt.%.
- the amount of ZnO is preferably limited to amounts of at most 5.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.%, 4.5 wt.% or even 4.0 wt.%.
- ZnO in the glass ceramics according to the invention can greatly reduce the thermal expansion of the glass ceramic.
- ZnO reduces the processing point and the upper devitrification temperature in the range defined here.
- the glass ceramic therefore preferably contains at least >2.5 wt.%, 2.7 wt.%, 2.9 wt.%, 3.1 wt.%, 3.3 wt.% or even 3.5 wt.% ZnO. In these ranges, the thermal shock resistance of the glass ceramic is particularly improved.
- the ZnO content is either in the range >2.2 to 3.5 wt.% or in the range >3.5 to 6.0 wt.%.
- a ZnO content in the range >2.2 to 3.5 wt.% a glass ceramic with very few unwanted surface crystals or gahnite crystals in the crystal phase can be achieved.
- Such a glass ceramic is preferable for applications where resistance to thermal shock is less important. This is the case, for example, in induction cooking appliances. Here, a very good surface quality without crystallites on the surface is more important.
- a ZnO content in the range >3.5 to 6.0 wt.% a glass ceramic with particularly low thermal expansion and therefore particularly high resistance to thermal shock can be achieved.
- Such a glass ceramic is preferred for applications that require particularly high resistance to thermal shock. This is the case, for example, with cooking appliances with radiant heating elements. It has been shown to be particularly advantageous if the glass ceramic contains more ZnO than Ü2O, i.e. the condition ZnO > Ü2O is met. In the composition range required for the glass ceramic according to the invention, it is possible to obtain glass ceramics with particularly high thermal shock resistance by complying with this condition.
- the addition of the alkalis Na2O, K2O and the alkaline earths CaO and SrO as well as B2O3 improve the meltability and devitrification behavior when shaping the glass.
- CaO can be included in the glass ceramic to reduce the processing point and the upper devitrification temperature.
- the contents are limited because these components are not incorporated into the crystal phases, but essentially remain in the residual glass phase of the glass ceramic. Excessively high contents impair the crystallization behavior when converting the crystallizable starting glass into the glass ceramic, particularly at the expense of fast ceramization rates. In addition, higher contents have an adverse effect on the time/temperature resistance of the glass ceramic.
- the glass ceramic can contain each of these components in amounts of 0 - 2 wt.%. Particularly preferably, these components can be contained in amounts of 0.1 - 1.8 wt.%, 0.2 - 1.6 wt.% or 0.3 - 1.4 wt.%.
- the glass ceramic contains 0 - 2 wt.% Na2O and 0 - 2 wt.% K2O.
- K2O lowers the upper devitrification temperature without significantly changing the processing point. Therefore, K2O can be used to adjust the distance between these temperatures without having to raise the temperature during hot forming. This is particularly advantageous for hot forming.
- the sum of the alkalis Na2Ü + K2O in combination with the above mentioned amounts of ZrCh is preferably more than 0.2 wt.% and at most 3% by weight.
- the total is particularly preferably at least 0.4% by weight or at least 0.6% by weight or at least 0.9% by weight or at least 1% by weight or at least 1.1% by weight or at least 1.2% by weight or even at least 1.3% by weight and at most 2.5% by weight or at most 2.0% by weight or at most 1.9% by weight or at most 1.8% by weight or even only 1.7% by weight.
- a particularly good compromise can be achieved between improving the meltability and devitrification without impairing the ceramization rate.
- the glass ceramic contains less MgO than K2O.
- Such a glass ceramic then contains, in addition to the other components,
- MgO and K2O have a positive effect on the electrical conductivity of the melt.
- potassium is a more mobile ion than magnesium, it has a stronger influence on the conductivity.
- MgO has a stronger increasing effect on the thermal expansion of the glass ceramic than K2O. It is therefore advantageous if the glass ceramic contains less MgO than K2O.
- the glass ceramic contains less MgO than K2O, there is a particularly balanced compromise between meltability, in particular viscosity adjustment and electrical resistance of the melt, and the process stability of hot forming. At the same time, the thermal expansion of the glass ceramic is particularly low and the resistance to thermal shock particularly good.
- the ratio of MgO to K2O i.e. the quotient MgO/foO, is a value in the range 0> - ⁇ 1, preferably 0.01 - 0.9, particularly preferably 0.05 - 0.8 or even 0.1 - 0.5.
- AS2O3 and Sb20s are often used as refining agents.
- these components have surprisingly proven to be detrimental to devitrification stability. Therefore, the amount of AS2O3 and Sb20s is preferably limited to less than 0.1% by weight.
- the glass ceramic particularly preferably contains less than 0.09% by weight, 0.08% by weight, 0.07% by weight, 0.06% by weight or even less than 0.05% by weight of AS2O3 and Sb2.
- the glass ceramic is particularly preferably free of AS2O3 and Sb2O3 apart from unavoidable traces.
- AS2O3 and Sb 2 O 3 can occur as impurities in the glass ceramic, especially if shards containing AS2O3 and Sb20s are used to manufacture the glass ceramic. This is particularly the case when shards from cooking surfaces from a recycling cycle are used. For reasons of environmental protection and sustainability, it is advantageous to use shards from a recycling cycle as a raw material.
- the glass ceramics therefore preferably each contain at least 0.01% by weight, 0.02% by weight, 0.03% by weight or even at least 0.04% by weight of AS2O3 and/or Sb20s. If AS2O3 and Sb20s are present together, they can each be present in the amounts mentioned.
- the glass ceramic can contain 0 - 5 wt.% P2O5.
- the P2O5 has a positive effect on the devitrification stability of the green glass.
- larger amounts reduce the ceramization speed and have a negative effect on the acid resistance of the glass ceramic. Therefore, the amount of P20s is a maximum of 5 wt.%, preferably 4 wt.%, particularly preferably 3 wt.%, 2 wt.% or even ⁇ 1 wt.%.
- the amount of P2O5 can even be limited to a maximum of 0.9 wt.%, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.8 wt.%.
- the glass ceramic contains at least 0.01 wt.%, preferably at least 0.05 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 0.1 wt.% P2O5.
- the glass ceramic contains CI'. It has been shown that the addition of CI' in certain amounts leads to improved bubble quality in the green glass and thus also in the glass ceramic. In combination with the other components, it has proven particularly advantageous if the glass ceramic contains 0.003 - 0.1 wt.%, preferably 0.005 - 0.03 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.007 - 0.02 wt.% CI'. Amounts less than 30 ppm do not have a sufficient effect on the bubble quality. Amounts of more than 1000 ppm should be avoided because some of the added chloride can react with other components of the mixture and with process exhaust gases.
- HCl HCl
- alkali chlorides and alkaline earth chlorides can form HCl, for example, which can lead to corrosive damage to the tank.
- evaporation of alkali chlorides and alkaline earth chlorides is undesirable.
- the amount of CI' in the glass ceramic can be adjusted, for example, by adding NaCl to the mixture.
- the glass ceramic can also contain coloring components in a further development of the invention.
- Coloring components can be, for example, V2O5, CoO, Fe2Os, Cr20s, Nd20s, NiO, CuO, MnO or MoOs, individually or in combination.
- the exact choice of the type and amount of coloring components depends on the optical properties to be achieved.
- the coloring of glass ceramics is a complex, non-linear process. Many of the components contained in the glass ceramic can influence how strongly the coloring components absorb light. The specialist will therefore adapt the amount of coloring components to the respective basic composition of the glass ceramic in order to obtain the desired optical properties.
- V2O5 generally produces very intense colors in glass ceramics, even in small quantities. Glass ceramics colored using V2O5 have a relatively low transmission in the blue and green spectral range and a relatively high transmission in the red spectral range.
- the glass ceramic preferably contains 0 to 0.1% by weight of V2O5. It particularly preferably contains >0.002 to 0.08% by weight, >0.003 to 0.07% by weight, >0.004 to 0.06% by weight, >0.005 to 0.05% by weight or even >0.01 - 0.04% by weight of V2O5. With these quantities of V2O5, it is possible to adjust the light transmittance of the glass ceramic in the range of 0.1 to 80% based on a thickness of 4 mm.
- the ratio V2Os/Li2O is 0.005 - 0.06, preferably 0.007 - 0.055, particularly preferably 0.01 - 0.05.
- the coloring effect of the V2O5 depends on the microstructure of the glass ceramic.
- the glass ceramics according to the invention have a relatively low Crystal phase proportion with a small crystallite size at the same time. It has been shown that particularly effective coloring is possible when the ratio of V2O5 to Ü2O is set within the above-mentioned limits.
- a spectral transmittance at a wavelength of 630 nm based on a thickness of 4 mm in the range of 0.5 - 15%, preferably 1-13%, particularly preferably 2-10% can be achieved.
- commercially available red illuminated displays can be used when the glass ceramic is used as a cooking surface.
- MoOs can be used to color glass ceramics in a particularly color-neutral way. This has the advantage that illuminated displays with a white light color can be used in cooking appliances without the color of the light of the display changing as it passes through the glass ceramic.
- the glass ceramic preferably contains 0 to 0.5% by weight of MoOs. It particularly preferably contains >0.002 to 0.4% by weight, >0.003 to 0.3% by weight, >0.004 to 0.2% by weight, >0.005 to 0.15% by weight or even >0.01 - 0.1% by weight of MoOs. With these amounts of MoOs, it is possible to set the light transmittance of the glass ceramic in the range of 0.1 to 80% based on a thickness of 4 mm. At the same time, a color-unadulterated display of white illuminated displays is possible.
- the ratio of MoOs/Li2O is 0.015 - 0.1, preferably 0.02 - 0.08, particularly preferably 0.025 - 0.07.
- a light transmittance based on a thickness of 4 mm in the range 0.5 - 4%, preferably 0.8 - 3.5%, particularly preferably 0.7 - 3.3% and very particularly preferably 1.0 - 3.0% can be achieved.
- white light displays can be used when the glass ceramic is used as a cooking surface.
- Nd 2 O 3 can also be used for coloring. It differs from the other colorants in that it produces relatively narrow absorption bands in the glass ceramic. These absorption bands are predominantly in the green spectral range.
- Nd 2 O 3 it is possible to finely adjust the color location of light transmitted through the glass ceramic.
- glass ceramics that only contain small amounts of Fe 2 Os as coloring components often have a yellow tint. This can be the case, for example, with glass ceramics that simultaneously contain TiO 2 and Fe 2 Os introduced via contamination of the raw materials. If such glass ceramics are provided with white underside coatings, these underside coatings have a clearly perceptible yellow tint.
- the addition of Nd 2 Os can be used to reduce or eliminate the yellow tint without significantly reducing the light transmittance. This enables the production of cooking surfaces with a white appearance.
- Nd 2 O 3 is contained in the glass ceramic in amounts of 0 - 0.6 wt.%. Since Nd 2 O 3 is relatively expensive, the amount should be limited to 0.6 wt.%. Particularly preferably, the glass ceramic contains 0.005 - 0.5 wt.%, 0.01 - 0.4 wt.%, 0.02 - 0.3 wt.%, 0.03 - 0.2 wt.% or even 0.04 - 0.1 wt.% Nd 2 O 3 .
- Fe 2 O 3 not only affects the transmission in the visible spectral range, but also in the near infrared up to a wavelength of approx. 3 pm. This means that Fe 2 O 3 not only influences the ability to achieve certain colors or the ability to display color displays.
- the absorption in the near infrared determines how much heat energy the glass melt in the tank can absorb. It determines how much heat output from radiant heating elements can pass through the glass ceramic. It also determines whether and which infrared sensors can be used in a cooktop. Such sensors can be designed, for example, as optical touch sensors or as infrared receivers for wireless data transmission.
- Fe2Os is often contained as an impurity in the raw materials used for production.
- a higher amount of Fe2Os in the glass ceramic makes it possible to use cheaper raw materials with higher amounts of impurities. All of this must be taken into account when choosing the appropriate amount of Fe2O3.
- the amounts of Fe2O3 should preferably be 0 - 0.4 wt.%. Glass ceramics that contain more than 0.4 wt.% Fe2O3 are not compatible with commercially available radiant heating elements for cooking appliances due to the low transmission in the near infrared.
- the glass ceramics preferably contain 0.005 - 0.3 wt.%, 0.01 - 0.25 wt.%, 0.02 - 0.2 wt.% or even 0.04 - 0.18 wt.% Fe2Os. Such glass ceramics can be produced inexpensively and are at the same time compatible with radiant heating elements and optical sensors for cooking appliances.
- Fe2Ü3 is often present as an impurity in raw materials for glass production, for example in spodumene.
- CoO can be contained in the glass ceramic, for example, in amounts of 0 - 0.5 wt.%. Preferably, it is contained in amounts of 0.01 - 0.2 wt.%, preferably 0.02 - 0.08 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.04 - 0.06 wt.%.
- glass ceramics colored with 0.02 - 0.1 wt.% CoO additionally contain 0.02 - 0.1 wt.% Cr2O5. They particularly preferably additionally contain 0.05-0.25 wt.% Fe2O3 and in particular ⁇ 30 ppm V2O5.
- CoO and preferred other colorants it is possible to set the light transmittance of the glass ceramic in the range 0.1 to 80% based on a thickness of 4 mm. It is also possible to enable white displays in the warm white spectral range.
- Cc2O3, NiO, CuO and MnO are generally used for supporting coloration, but unlike V2O5, MoOs or CoO they are rarely used as the main colorant.
- a main colorant is understood to be the coloring component that has the greatest influence on the transmission of the glass ceramic in the visible spectral range. They often occur as impurities in raw materials.
- These components are preferably contained in the glass ceramic in amounts of 0 to 0.5 wt.%. They are particularly preferably contained in the glass ceramic in amounts of 0.001 - 0.4 wt.%, 0.002 - 0.3 wt.%, 0.004 - 0.2 wt.%, 0.006 - 0.1 wt.%, 0.008 - 0.08 wt.% or even 0.01 - 0.05 wt.%.
- the glass ceramic contains 0 to 0.1 wt.% V2O5 or 0 to 0.5 wt.% MoOs or 0 to 0.6 wt.% Nd2Ü3 or 0 to 0.4 wt.% Fe20s or 0 to 0.5 wt.% CoO or 0 to 0.5 wt.% Cr2Ü3 or 0 to 0.5 wt.% NiO or 0 to 0.5 wt.% CuO or 0 to 0.5 wt.% MnO or combinations of these components.
- these components can also have a positive influence on the quality of the glass. This is particularly the case for components that absorb in the infrared spectral range in the glass melt. Due to the absorption in the infrared, the heat introduced into the melting tank by heating devices can be absorbed more efficiently by the glass melt. With the same energy input, this can lead to an increase in the temperature of the glass melt. This can have a positive effect on both the melting of poorly melting raw materials and the reduction of bubbles during refining. This is particularly the case for Fe20s, CoO and NiO in the quantities mentioned above.
- the glass ceramic has a light transmission factor of 80 - 90% or 81 - 89% or 82 - 88% or even 83 - 87% based on a thickness of 4 mm.
- Glass ceramics with such a Light transmittance preferably has a chroma C* in transmission based on a thickness of 4 mm in the range of 0 - 6, preferably 1.5 - 5, particularly preferably 3.0 - 4.6.
- “Related to a thickness of 4 mm” means that the corresponding properties are either determined on a sample with a material thickness of 4 mm or determined for a different material thickness and converted to a material thickness of 4 mm. For transmission data, the conversion can be carried out using the Lambert-Beer law.
- the light transmittance is determined in the wavelength range 380 - 780 nm using light of standard illuminant D65 according to the specifications of DIN 5033. This value corresponds to the brightness Y in the CIExyY color space.
- the chroma C* is determined from the L*a*b* color coordinates according to the following formula:
- the color coordinates a* and b* are determined in a known manner from the transmission spectrum of the glass ceramic using standard light of standard illuminant D65.
- Glass ceramics with a light transmission of 80-90% based on a thickness of 4 mm are particularly suitable for use as fireplace viewing panels or as cooking plates. In fireplaces, this transmission means that the fire is particularly clearly visible. In cooking appliances, for example, this transmission means that light displays with a relatively low luminance, such as LCD or OLED displays, are particularly clearly visible.
- the chroma C* of 0 - 6 means that the color of light is only slightly changed when it passes through the glass ceramic. This makes it possible, for example, to provide the glass ceramic with a white coating that still creates a white color impression even when viewed through the glass ceramic. This is particularly important when used as a cooking surface or fireplace viewing panel, for example. Glass ceramics in these applications are often 4 mm thick.
- Light that is reflected on a rear coating therefore travels an optical path of 8 mm, so that color shifts caused by the inherent color of the glass ceramic have a greater effect than with shorter paths.
- a correspondingly low chroma is therefore particularly advantageous for cooking surfaces or fireplace viewing panels with a white coating on the back.
- a glass ceramic with a light transmittance of 80 - 90% or a correspondingly preferred range and a chroma C* of 2-6 or a correspondingly preferred range contains, in addition to the composition according to the invention, one or more of the following components in % by weight:
- Nd 2 O 3 0.005 - 0.1 preferably 0.01 - 0.08, particularly preferably 0.03 - 0.065, Fe 2 O 3 0 - 0.02, preferably 0.0025 - 0.018, particularly preferably 0.005 - 0.016, V 2 Os 0 - 0.0015, preferably 0 - 0.001 , particularly preferably 0 - 0.0005, Cr 2 Os 0 - 0.001 , preferably 0 - 0.0005, particularly preferably 0 - 0.0003, MoO3 0 - 0.001 , preferably 0 - 0.0008, particularly preferably 0 - 0.0006, CoO 0 - 0.001 , preferably 0 - 0.0005, particularly preferably 0 - 0.0001, NiO 0 - 0.001, preferably 0 - 0.0005, particularly preferably 0 - 0.0001 CuO 0 - 0.001, preferably 0 - 0.0007, particularly preferably 0 - 0.0002 MnO
- the glass ceramic contains all of these components in these amounts. If these components are contained in the glass ceramic in the amounts mentioned here, it may be further preferred if the sum of Fe2Os + V2O5 + Cr20s is 0 - 0.0225 wt.%, preferably 0.0005 - 0.0175 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.0010 - 0.0170 wt.%.
- the glass ceramic according to the invention is used as a cooking surface, fireplace viewing window, grill or frying surface, cover for fuel elements in gas grills, oven viewing window, in particular for pyrolysis stoves, worktop or table top in kitchens or laboratories, cover for lighting devices, in fire-resistant glazing and as safety glass, optionally in laminate composite, as a carrier plate or as an oven lining in thermal processes or as a rear cover for mobile electronic devices.
- the glass ceramic according to the invention can be used in particular as a cooking surface.
- the cooking surface can be provided with a decoration or a functional coating on the top and/or the bottom, either completely or partially.
- Touch sensors for operating the cooking surface can also be provided on the bottom. These can be, for example, printed, glued or pressed-on capacitive sensors.
- the glass ceramic can also be in the form of three-dimensionally shaped plates. This means that the plates can be angled or curved or, for example, contain an area shaped like a wok. Recesses, for example for the operation of gas burners, are also possible.
- the crystallizable green glasses of the examples were produced from technical batch raw materials commonly used in the glass industry at temperatures of 1680°C, melted for 4 hours. This choice reconciles the requirements for economical raw materials and a low contamination content of undesirable impurities. After melting the mixture in crucibles made of sintered silica glass, the melts were poured into Pt/Rh crucibles with inner crucibles made of silica glass and homogenized by stirring at temperatures of 1600 °C for 90 minutes. After this homogenization, the glasses were refined for 3 hours at 1640 °C. Pieces of approx.
- the ceramization of the samples in the green glass state was carried out using a ceramization process in a continuous furnace with the following steps: a) heating from room temperature to 740 °C at a heating rate of 30 K/min., b) holding at 740 °C for 3 min. and 20 s, c) temperature increase from 740 to 810 °C at a heating rate of 28 K/min., d) holding at 810 °C for 9 min. and 20 s, e) temperature increase from 810 °C to 930 °C at a heating rate of 21 K/min., f) holding at 930 °C for 6 min., g) cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 15 K/min.
- examples 11 and 13 were heated to a temperature of 945 °C in step e) and kept at this temperature in step f).
- examples 33, 42 and 48 were heated to a temperature of 915 °C in step e) and kept at this temperature in step f).
- examples 34, 43 and 49 were heated to a temperature of 905 °C in step e) and kept at this temperature in step f).
- the thermal expansion coefficient CTE was determined dynamically on rod-shaped samples using a push rod dilatometer at a heating rate of 2 K/min.
- the green glasses were melted in Pt/Rh10 crucibles. The crucibles were then kept for 5 hours at different temperatures in the range of the processing temperature. The highest temperature at which the first crystals appear on the contact surface of the glass melt and the crucible wall determines the UET.
- the processing point (T4) of the green glasses was determined using a stirring viscometer according to DIN ISO 7884-2.
- the density increases because the crystal phase has a higher density than the amorphous glass.
- the shrinkage indicates the linear change in length when the green glass is converted into glass ceramic. It is calculated as follows from the density of the green glass and the density of the glass ceramic:
- Tg indicates the transformation temperature, also known as the glass transition temperature, of the green glasses. It is determined dilatometrically.
- the light transmittance is determined in the wavelength range 380 - 780 nm using light of standard illuminant D65 in accordance with the specifications of DIN 5033. This value corresponds to the brightness Y in the CIExyY color space. The value is a measure of the brightness perception of the human eye.
- Transmission spectra were determined according to ISO 15368:2021.
- Table 2 contains examples of the spectral transmittances "T@ " for the wavelengths 470 nm, 600 nm, 630 nm, 700 nm, 950 nm and 1600 nm.
- the color coordinates in the CIExyY color space and the Lab color space were determined according to the specifications of CIE 1932 with an 8° observer and light of standard illuminant D65 in transmission.
- volume fraction “XRD fraction HQMK” or “KMK” and the crystallite size of the crystalline phases “XRD crystallite size HQMK” or “KMK” were determined by Rietveld analysis from X-ray diffraction spectra.
- Table 1 Compositions of examples according to the invention
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Abstract
Description
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| JP2025530459A JP2025536815A (ja) | 2022-11-25 | 2023-09-15 | リチウムアルミニウムシリケートガラスセラミックス |
| CN202380081198.8A CN120265584A (zh) | 2022-11-25 | 2023-09-15 | 锂铝硅酸盐玻璃陶瓷 |
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| DE102022131270 | 2022-11-25 | ||
| DE102022131270.4 | 2022-11-25 | ||
| EP22212391.1A EP4375243A1 (de) | 2022-11-25 | 2022-12-09 | Lithiumaluminiumsilikat-glaskeramik |
| EP22212391.1 | 2022-12-09 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002154840A (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-28 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Li2O−Al2O3−SiO2系結晶化ガラス |
| DE102008050263B4 (de) | 2008-10-07 | 2010-07-22 | Schott Ag | Transparente, eingefärbte Kochfläche mit verbesserter farbiger Anzeigefähigkeit und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Kochfläche |
| WO2011089220A1 (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-28 | Eurokera | Beta-quartz glass ceramics and related precursor glasses |
| WO2012010341A1 (de) | 2010-07-23 | 2012-01-26 | Schott Ag | Transparente oder transparente eingefärbte lithiumaluminiumsilikat-glaskeramik mit angepasster thermischer ausdehnung und deren verwendung |
| US8765619B2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2014-07-01 | Eurokera S.N.C. | Glass-ceramic plate |
| DE102009013127B4 (de) | 2009-03-13 | 2014-12-31 | Schott Ag | Transparente, eingefärbte Kochfläche und Verfahren zum Anzeigen eines Betriebszustandes einer solchen |
| US20170050880A1 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2017-02-23 | Eurokera S.N.C. | Partially crystallised glass plate |
| EP3502069A1 (de) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-26 | Schott Ag | Glaskeramik mit reduziertem lithium-gehalt |
| US20200140322A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2020-05-07 | Eurokera | Beta-quartz glass-ceramics with high zinc content |
| US20200189965A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2020-06-18 | Eurokera | Transparent beta-quartz glass-ceramics with low lithium content |
| WO2021224412A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 | 2021-11-11 | Eurokera | TRANSPARENT β-QUARTZ GLASS-CERAMICS WITH SPECIFIC TRANSMISSION |
| US20210387899A1 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2021-12-16 | Eurokera | Transparent beta-quartz glass ceramics with a low lithium content |
-
2023
- 2023-09-15 WO PCT/EP2023/075501 patent/WO2024110095A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-15 CN CN202380081198.8A patent/CN120265584A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-15 JP JP2025530459A patent/JP2025536815A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002154840A (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-28 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Li2O−Al2O3−SiO2系結晶化ガラス |
| DE102008050263B4 (de) | 2008-10-07 | 2010-07-22 | Schott Ag | Transparente, eingefärbte Kochfläche mit verbesserter farbiger Anzeigefähigkeit und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Kochfläche |
| DE102009013127B4 (de) | 2009-03-13 | 2014-12-31 | Schott Ag | Transparente, eingefärbte Kochfläche und Verfahren zum Anzeigen eines Betriebszustandes einer solchen |
| US8765619B2 (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2014-07-01 | Eurokera S.N.C. | Glass-ceramic plate |
| WO2011089220A1 (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-28 | Eurokera | Beta-quartz glass ceramics and related precursor glasses |
| WO2012010341A1 (de) | 2010-07-23 | 2012-01-26 | Schott Ag | Transparente oder transparente eingefärbte lithiumaluminiumsilikat-glaskeramik mit angepasster thermischer ausdehnung und deren verwendung |
| US20170050880A1 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2017-02-23 | Eurokera S.N.C. | Partially crystallised glass plate |
| US20200140322A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2020-05-07 | Eurokera | Beta-quartz glass-ceramics with high zinc content |
| US20200189965A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2020-06-18 | Eurokera | Transparent beta-quartz glass-ceramics with low lithium content |
| EP3502069A1 (de) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-26 | Schott Ag | Glaskeramik mit reduziertem lithium-gehalt |
| US20210387899A1 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2021-12-16 | Eurokera | Transparent beta-quartz glass ceramics with a low lithium content |
| WO2021224412A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 | 2021-11-11 | Eurokera | TRANSPARENT β-QUARTZ GLASS-CERAMICS WITH SPECIFIC TRANSMISSION |
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| CN120265584A (zh) | 2025-07-04 |
| JP2025536815A (ja) | 2025-11-07 |
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