WO2024185676A1 - サージ回避制御装置、内燃機関システム、サージ回避制御方法、及びプログラム - Google Patents
サージ回避制御装置、内燃機関システム、サージ回避制御方法、及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024185676A1 WO2024185676A1 PCT/JP2024/007725 JP2024007725W WO2024185676A1 WO 2024185676 A1 WO2024185676 A1 WO 2024185676A1 JP 2024007725 W JP2024007725 W JP 2024007725W WO 2024185676 A1 WO2024185676 A1 WO 2024185676A1
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- flow rate
- surge
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/16—Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/12—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for deceleration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/04—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/101—Engine speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/34—Control of exhaust back pressure, e.g. for turbocharged engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a surge avoidance control device, an internal combustion engine system, a surge avoidance control method, and a program.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of an engine 200, which is an internal combustion engine that employs an exhaust gas turbine supercharging system and an exhaust gas recirculation (hereinafter referred to as EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation)) system.
- the exhaust gas turbine supercharger 201 includes a turbine 211, such as a VGT (Variable Geometry Turbo) having an adjustment nozzle that adjusts the flow speed of the exhaust gas used to rotate the turbine 211, a compressor 213, and a shaft 212 that connects the turbine 211 and the compressor 213 and transmits the driving force of the rotation of the turbine 211 to the compressor 213.
- VGT Very Geometry Turbo
- the engine 200 is suddenly decelerated, causing the engine rotation speed of the engine body 203 to suddenly drop.
- the turbine 211 and compressor 213 continue to rotate at high speed due to their own inertia, causing the pressure of the intake gas present in the engine body side intake passage 222 to rise.
- This pressure rise causes pulsation in the intake gas flowing through the compressor 213, causing the exhaust turbocharger 201 to vibrate, a phenomenon known as surge.
- Patent Document 1 proposes the following technology to avoid surges. That is, in the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the fuel injection amount becomes 0 (mg/stroke), the EGR valve 205 inserted in the EGR side exhaust passage 231 is fully opened, and the adjustment nozzle of the turbine 211 is fully opened. As a result, as shown in FIG. 23, a part of the intake gas passing through the engine body side intake passage 222 flows into the EGR side exhaust passage 231. The intake gas that flows into the EGR side exhaust passage 231 passes through the EGR side exhaust passage 231 in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the exhaust gas in FIG. 22, flows into the turbine 211 via the turbine side exhaust passage 223, and flows out into the outlet side exhaust passage 224.
- Figure 24 is a graph showing the characteristics of the compressor 213, known as the blower map or compressor map.
- the vertical axis shows the pressure ratio of the compressor 213, i.e., the value of the outlet pressure/inlet pressure of the compressor 213, with the pressure ratio increasing from bottom to top.
- the horizontal axis shows the normalized air flow rate flowing through the compressor 213, i.e., the intake gas flow rate, expressed in units of kg/s (second), with the air flow rate increasing from left to right.
- Each of the ten curves denoted by symbols 300 to 309 is a line of constant rotational speed, and indicates the characteristics when the rotational speed of the compressor 213 is a different constant speed.
- the characteristic denoted by symbol 300 which has the largest maximum pressure ratio, is the characteristic when the rotational speed of the compressor 213 is the highest, and the rotational speed of the compressor 213 decreases in the order of decreasing maximum pressure ratio. Therefore, the characteristic denoted by symbol 309 is the characteristic when the rotational speed of the compressor 213 is the lowest.
- the line denoted by symbol 400 that is, the line represented by connecting the positions where the air flow rate of each of the ten characteristics denoted by symbols 300 to 309 is the minimum value, is called the surge line. If the compressor 213 operates in the area to the left of the surge line 400, that is, in the area where the curves denoted by symbols 300 to 309 do not exist, a surge will occur.
- the operating point at which the compressor 213 is operating is at the position indicated by the reference symbol 500
- the engine 200 is suddenly decelerated, and the engine speed of the engine body 203 drops suddenly.
- the operating point of the compressor 213 moves in the direction of the arrow on the line indicated by the reference symbol 501, starting from the operating point 500, and a surge occurs when the operating point exceeds the surge line 400.
- the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 is applied before the operating point exceeds the surge line 400, the EGR valve 205 and the adjustment nozzle of the turbine 211 are fully opened, so that the air flow rate of the compressor 213 increases.
- the direction in which the operating point of the compressor 213 moves changes, for example, to the direction of the arrow indicated by the reference symbol 502, and the operating point of the compressor 213 does not exceed the surge line 400, making it possible to avoid a surge.
- the present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a surge avoidance control device, an internal combustion engine system, a surge avoidance control method, and a program that can avoid surges even in internal combustion engines that do not employ an EGR system.
- One aspect of the present disclosure is a surge avoidance control device for an internal combustion engine having an internal combustion engine body and an exhaust turbocharger, which performs control to avoid a surge occurring in the exhaust turbocharger, and includes a state transition determination unit that determines whether the state of the internal combustion engine body has transitioned to a predetermined deceleration state in which a surge is estimated to occur in the exhaust turbocharger, and a flow rate control unit that, when the state transition determination unit determines that the state has transitioned to the predetermined deceleration state, adjusts the flow rate of exhaust gas supplied to the turbine of the exhaust turbocharger to a flow rate that reduces the rotational speed of the turbine.
- the above embodiment makes it possible to avoid surges even in internal combustion engines that do not employ an EGR system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of an internal combustion engine system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data format of a data table according to the first embodiment.
- 5 is a diagram showing an example of a data format of a surge occurrence precondition table according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a data format of a surge avoidance control start condition table according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a data format of a surge avoidance control termination condition table according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 5A to 5C are diagrams showing an example of exhaust throttle valve control data and bypass valve control data according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a surge avoidance control flag according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change rate application flag according to the first embodiment.
- 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing by a state transition determination unit according to the first embodiment.
- 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing by a flow rate control unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of characteristics of a compressor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a comparison between an example of changes when the internal combustion engine system according to the first embodiment is used and an example of changes when a general internal combustion engine system is used.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of an internal combustion engine system according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 13A and 13B are diagrams showing an example of exhaust throttle valve control data and bypass valve control data according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a graph comparing an example of changes when the internal combustion engine system according to the second embodiment is used with an example of changes when a general internal combustion engine system is used.
- FIG. 11 is a graph comparing an example of changes when another example configuration of the internal combustion engine system according to the second embodiment is used with an example of changes when a general internal combustion engine system is used.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of an internal combustion engine system according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison between the operation of the internal combustion engine system according to the first embodiment and the operation of the internal combustion engine system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of an internal combustion engine system according to a fourth embodiment. 13 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing by a fuel injection amount control unit according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the internal combustion engine system according to the fourth embodiment.
- 1 is a schematic block diagram (part 1) showing the configuration of a general internal combustion engine that employs an exhaust turbocharging system and an EGR system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram (part 2) showing the configuration of a general internal combustion engine that employs an exhaust turbocharging system and an EGR system.
- 1 is a diagram showing an example of characteristics of a compressor included in a general internal combustion engine that employs an exhaust turbocharging system and an EGR system;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the internal combustion engine system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 2 to 8 are diagrams showing an example of the format of data stored in the memory unit 11 of the surge avoidance control device 10 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the state transition determination unit 12 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the flow control unit 13 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the characteristics of the compressor 43 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the internal combustion engine system 1a according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the exhaust throttle valve control data 115 and the bypass valve control data 114a according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 12, 15, and 16 are diagrams showing graphs comparing an example of the change when using each of the internal combustion engine systems 1 and 1a according to the first and second embodiments, and another example of the configuration of the internal combustion engine system 1a according to the second embodiment, with an example of the change when using a general internal combustion engine system.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the internal combustion engine system 1b according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a comparison between the operation of the internal combustion engine system 1 according to the first embodiment and the operation of the internal combustion engine system 1b according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the internal combustion engine system 1c according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the fuel injection amount control unit 14 according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the operation of the internal combustion engine system 1c according to the fourth embodiment.
- an internal combustion engine system 1 includes an engine 2, an engine controller 3, an accelerator pedal 4, a surge avoidance control device 10, and a sensor group 20.
- the internal combustion engine system 1 is provided in, for example, a construction machine such as an excavator or a dump truck.
- the accelerator pedal 4 is provided, for example, in the driver's seat of the construction machine, and is operated by the driver.
- the engine 2 is a so-called internal combustion engine, for example a diesel engine.
- the engine 2 includes an engine body 5, an aftercooler 6, a bypass valve (hereinafter also referred to as BPV (By Pass Valve)) 7, an exhaust throttle valve (hereinafter also referred to as ETV (Exhaust Throttle Valve)) 8, an exhaust turbocharger 40, and passages 31 to 35.
- BPV Binary Pass Valve
- ETV exhaust Throttle Valve
- ETV exhaust Throttle Valve
- the exhaust turbocharger 40 comprises a turbine 41, a compressor 43, and a shaft 42 that connects the turbine 41 and the compressor 43 and transmits the driving force of the rotation of the turbine 41 to the compressor 43.
- the turbine 41 is connected to the engine body 5 via the turbine side exhaust passage 33, rotates upon receiving exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 5, and discharges the exhaust gas to the outlet side exhaust passage 35.
- the compressor 43 also called a blower or compressor, rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the turbine 41 and compresses the air flowing in from the inlet-side intake passage 31, i.e., the intake gas.
- the compressor 43 is connected to the engine body 5 via the engine body-side intake passage 32 and discharges the compressed intake gas into the engine body-side intake passage 32.
- the aftercooler 6 is inserted into the engine body-side intake passage 32 and cools the intake gas whose temperature has increased due to compression by the compressor 43.
- the engine body 5 takes in the intake gas supplied from the engine body-side intake passage 32.
- the engine body 5 mixes and burns the fuel injected according to the fuel injection amount command value 61 with the intake gas, generating a driving force for rotation.
- the engine body 5 discharges the exhaust gas generated by the combustion into the turbine-side exhaust passage 33.
- the bypass passage 34 is a passage provided to bypass the turbine 41, and is provided to branch off from the turbine-side exhaust passage 33 and merge with the outlet-side exhaust passage 35.
- the bypass valve 7 is a flow regulator that adjusts the flow rate of exhaust gas passing through the bypass passage 34, and is inserted into the bypass passage 34. By adjusting the opening of the bypass valve 7, the flow rate of exhaust gas taken in by the turbine 41 is adjusted, and the supercharging pressure, i.e., the boost pressure, is thereby adjusted.
- the exhaust throttle valve 8 is a flow regulator that adjusts the flow rate of exhaust gas passing through the outlet exhaust passage 35, and is inserted into the outlet exhaust passage 35. By adjusting the opening of the exhaust throttle valve 8, the flow rate of exhaust gas passing through the outlet exhaust passage 35 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into an aftertreatment device (not shown) that is connected to the end of the outlet exhaust passage 35 opposite the end to which the turbine 41 is connected.
- the sensor group 20 includes a number of sensors that detect various conditions of the internal combustion engine system 1.
- an engine speed sensor 21, a boost pressure sensor 23, and an accelerator opening sensor 24 are shown as examples of the number of sensors included in the sensor group 20.
- the sensor group 20 also includes sensors that detect sensor data required for the feedforward control and feedback control that the engine controller 3 performs on the engine 2.
- the engine speed sensor 21 outputs a signal corresponding to the engine speed of the engine main body 5, and the engine controller 3 acquires sensor data indicating the engine speed detected from the signal and detection time data indicating the time when the sensor data was detected.
- the boost pressure sensor 23 detects the pressure of the intake gas in the engine main body side intake passage 32, more specifically, the boost pressure, which is the pressure of the intake gas near the end of the engine main body side intake passage 32 that connects to the engine main body 5, at regular intervals.
- the boost pressure sensor 23 outputs sensor data indicating the detected boost pressure and detection time data indicating the time when the sensor data was detected to the engine controller 3.
- the accelerator opening sensor 24 outputs a signal corresponding to the accelerator opening, which is the opening of the accelerator pedal 4, and the engine controller 3 obtains sensor data indicating the accelerator opening detected from the signal, and detection time data indicating the time when the sensor data was detected.
- the accelerator opening is expressed, for example, as a percentage, and is 0% when the accelerator pedal 4 is not depressed, and is 100% when the accelerator pedal 4 is fully depressed.
- the engine controller 3 is internally equipped with a timing means such as a clock, and obtains the time when the sensor data is obtained from the timing means as detection time data.
- the engine controller 3 acquires sensor data detected by each of the multiple sensors included in the sensor group 20, and performs various controls on the engine 2 based on the acquired sensor data. These various controls include the engine controller 3 calculating the fuel injection amount required to obtain the required output in the engine 2, and outputting a fuel injection amount command value 61 indicating the calculated fuel injection amount to the engine 2.
- the engine controller 3 detects the output of the fuel injection amount command value 61 performed by itself, it acquires detection time data indicating the time of detection from the clock means, and stores the acquired detection time data in association with the fuel injection amount indicated by the output fuel injection amount command value 61.
- the engine controller 3 does not directly control the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8 by outputting control command values, but instead outputs control command values for each to the flow control unit 13 provided in the surge avoidance control device 10.
- the command value for the bypass valve 7 that the engine controller 3 outputs to the flow control unit 13 is a command value calculated in a control that prevents the rotation speed of the turbine 41 from becoming too high.
- the control that prevents the rotation speed of the turbine 41 from becoming too high includes, for example, feedforward control using map control based on the engine rotation speed of the engine body 5 and the fuel injection amount command value 61, and feedback control that sets the boost pressure detected by the boost pressure sensor 23 to the target boost pressure value.
- the command value for the exhaust throttle valve 8 that the engine controller 3 outputs to the flow control unit 13 is a command value calculated to create a state in which PM (Particulate Matter) and other substances accumulated in the aftertreatment device can be burned.
- the control for creating a state in which PM and other substances accumulated in the aftertreatment device can be burned includes, for example, feedforward control using map control based on the engine speed of the engine main body 5 and the fuel injection amount command value 61, and feedback control that uses additional fuel injection (not shown) to set the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the aftertreatment device, detected by a temperature sensor (not shown), to a target temperature value.
- the engine controller 3 When the engine controller 3 acquires sensor data indicating the engine speed and detection time data from the engine speed sensor 21, it outputs the acquired sensor data and detection time data to the flow control unit 13 and state transition determination unit 12 provided in the surge avoidance control device 10.
- the engine controller 3 outputs the fuel injection amount stored when the fuel injection amount command value 61 was output to the engine 2 and the detection time data to the state transition determination unit 12.
- the engine controller 3 acquires sensor data indicating the accelerator opening and detection time data from the accelerator opening sensor 24, it outputs the acquired sensor data and detection time data to the state transition determination unit 12.
- the control lines through which the data detected by each sensor of the sensor group 20 and the fuel injection amount command value 61 are transmitted are indicated by dotted arrows. The same is shown in FIG. 13, FIG. 17, and FIG. 19 shown below.
- the surge avoidance control device 10 includes a memory unit 11, a state transition determination unit 12, and a flow control unit 13.
- the memory unit 11 stores a data table 110, a surge occurrence precondition table 111, a surge avoidance control start condition table 112, a surge avoidance control end condition table 113, bypass valve control data 114, exhaust throttle valve control data 115, a surge avoidance control flag 116, and a change rate application flag 117.
- data table 110 is a data format table including the items “detection time,” “accelerator opening,” “fuel injection amount,” and “engine speed.”
- sensor data indicating the accelerator opening is written in a format expressed as a numerical value in the unit “%.”
- fuel injection amount data indicating the fuel injection amount is written in a format expressed as a numerical value in the unit “mg/stroke.”
- engine speed sensor data indicating the engine speed is written in a format expressed as a numerical value in the unit “rpm (revolutions per minute).”
- detection time data corresponding to the data written in any of the items “accelerator opening,” “fuel injection amount,” and “engine speed” is written in a format expressed as a numerical value in the unit “hours:minutes:seconds:1/100ths of seconds.”
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which records are recorded in the first and second lines, and an example in which values indicating all of the detection time, accelerator opening, fuel injection amount, and engine speed are written in each record.
- the detection times corresponding to the accelerator opening, fuel injection amount, and engine speed may be the same, the fuel injection amount may be different because it is detected each time fuel injection is performed and the detection intervals for the accelerator opening and engine speed may be set arbitrarily. Therefore, some records may not include any of the accelerator opening, fuel injection amount, and engine speed.
- the records are written in chronological order with the most recent record at the top.
- the surge occurrence precondition table 111 is a data format table including the items “accelerator opening”, “fuel injection amount”, and "engine rotation speed”.
- the "accelerator opening” item is written with information indicating the accelerator opening condition, which is a precondition for a surge to occur.
- the "fuel injection amount” item is written with information indicating the fuel injection amount condition, which is a precondition for a surge to occur.
- the "engine rotation speed” item is written with information indicating the engine rotation speed condition, which is a precondition for a surge to occur.
- the accelerator opening condition and fuel injection amount condition among the preconditions for surge occurrence shown in the surge occurrence precondition table 111 are conditions indicating that when the characteristics of the compressor 43 are, for example, those shown in the graph of FIG. 24, the operating point of the compressor 43 is estimated to be located in the area to the right of the surge line 400 in FIG. 24.
- the engine speed condition among the surge occurrence precondition table 111 is a condition indicating at what flow rate the operating point of the compressor 43 is located in the graph of FIG. 24, in terms of the "air flow rate" on the horizontal axis.
- the preconditions for surge occurrence shown in the surge occurrence preconditions table 111 are determined in advance to be conditions under which the engine body 5 is estimated to be in a high speed or high load state. In other words, these conditions are conditions under which the operating point of the compressor 43 is estimated to be in the region to the right of the surge line 400 in the graph of FIG. 24, in a region with a large pressure ratio.
- the surge avoidance control start condition table 112 is a data format table including the items "accelerator opening” and "change in engine speed” as shown in FIG. 4.
- the "accelerator opening” item contains information indicating the condition for the accelerator opening, which is the start condition for control to avoid a surge.
- the "change in engine speed” item contains information indicating the condition for the change in engine speed, which is the start condition for control to avoid a surge.
- the start conditions for control to avoid a surge shown in the surge avoidance control start condition table 112 are determined in advance to be conditions under which it is estimated that the state of the engine body 5 has begun to transition to a low speed or low load state. In other words, these conditions are conditions under which it is estimated that the operating point of the compressor 43 has begun to move in the direction of decreasing the air flow rate in the graph of FIG. 24.
- the state in which the preconditions for a surge to occur shown in the surge occurrence precondition table 111 and the start conditions for surge avoidance control shown in the surge avoidance control start condition table 112 are met is a state in which the state of the engine body 5 is estimated to have started to transition from a high speed range state to a low speed range state, or a state in which the state of the engine body is estimated to have started to transition from a high load range state to a low load range state, and hereinafter this state is referred to as the "predetermined deceleration state.”
- the surge avoidance control termination condition table 113 is a data format table that includes the items "Time Elapsed” and “Re-acceleration” as shown in FIG. 5, with the "Re-acceleration” item further including the sub-items "Accelerator opening" and "Fuel injection amount”.
- the "Time Elapsed” item is written with information indicating the time lapse condition that serves as the termination condition for control to avoid a surge. A surge is a temporary phenomenon, and after a certain time has passed, a surge will no longer occur.
- this certain time as a predetermined surge avoidance control time and indicating this predetermined surge avoidance control time as the time lapse condition shown in the "Time Elapsed" item, it becomes possible to determine whether or not a transition has occurred to a state in which a surge will not occur.
- the bypass valve control data 114 and the exhaust throttle valve control data 115 are data having the characteristics shown in the graph in FIG. 6, for example.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the bypass valve control data 114 and the exhaust throttle valve control data 115 in the form of a graph.
- the bypass valve control data 114 is table-format data for map control that includes a plurality of different engine speeds and a command value for the bypass valve 7 that is associated with each of them in advance.
- the exhaust throttle valve control data 115 is table-format data for map control that includes a plurality of different engine speeds and a command value for the exhaust throttle valve 8 that is associated with each of them in advance.
- the opening degree of the bypass valve 7, which is the command value for the bypass valve 7, and the opening degree of the exhaust throttle valve 8, which is the command value for the exhaust throttle valve 8 both indicate full open at 0% and full closed at 100%.
- the surge avoidance control flag 116 is written with either “ON” indicating that surge avoidance control is performed, or “OFF” indicating that surge avoidance control is not performed.
- the change rate application flag 117 is written with either "TRUE” indicating that a change rate is applied, or "FALSE” indicating that a change rate is not applied.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines whether the state of the engine body 5 has transitioned to a predetermined deceleration state in which a surge is estimated to occur in the exhaust turbocharger 40.
- the flow control unit 13 outputs command values to the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8 so that the flow rate of exhaust gas supplied to the turbine 41 of the exhaust turbocharger 40 becomes a flow rate that reduces the rotation speed of the turbine 41.
- the control line through which data such as command values used when controlling the engine 2 is transmitted is indicated by a dashed arrow. The same is shown in FIG. 13, FIG. 17, and FIG. 19 shown below.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the state transition determination unit 12
- Fig. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the flow rate control unit 13.
- the processing in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 is performed in parallel.
- processing by sensors such as the engine rotation speed sensor 21, the boost pressure sensor 23, and the accelerator opening sensor 24, and control processing for the engine 2 including processing by the engine controller 3 to calculate the fuel injection amount and output the fuel injection amount command value 61 are also performed.
- the state transition determination unit 12 of the surge avoidance control device 10 is started and starts the processing of the flowchart in Fig. 9.
- the state transition determination unit 12 initializes the surge avoidance control flag 116 by writing "OFF" therein, and also initializes the rate of change application flag 117 by writing "FALSE" therein.
- the state transition determination unit 12 further initializes the data table 110 so that no records exist (Sa1).
- the state transition determination unit 12 waits until the engine controller 3 outputs.
- the state transition determination unit 12 imports the output data and records it in the data table 110 (Sa2).
- the state transition determination unit 12 refers to the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 and determines whether the flag value is "ON" or "OFF” (Sa3). If the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is "ON" (Sa3, ON), it then performs the process of Sa5.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines whether or not a state transition to a predetermined deceleration state has occurred. That is, the state transition determination unit 12 determines whether or not the preconditions for a surge occurrence shown in the surge occurrence precondition table 111 are satisfied, and also whether or not the start conditions for control to avoid a surge shown in the surge avoidance control start condition table 112 are satisfied (Sa4). More specifically, the state transition determination unit 12 performs the process shown below as the process of Sa4. However, in the following, it is assumed that each record stored in the data table 110 includes all of the detection time, accelerator opening, fuel injection amount, and engine speed, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the state transition determination unit 12 references the most recent record in the data table 110, i.e., the top record in the data table 110, detects the detection time recorded in the "detection time” field of the referenced record, and sets this as the reference time.
- the state transition determination unit 12 detects a record from the data table 110 that is a predetermined time before the reference time, and reads out the accelerator opening, fuel injection amount, and engine speed recorded in the "accelerator opening,” "fuel injection amount,” and “engine rotation speed” fields of the detected record.
- the predetermined time is, for example, 0.5 seconds.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines whether the read accelerator opening, fuel injection amount, and engine rotation speed satisfy all three preconditions for a surge to occur shown in the surge occurrence precondition table 111, namely, the accelerator opening being "80% or more", the fuel injection amount being "100 mg/stroke or more", and the engine rotation speed being "1800 rpm or more". If the state transition determination unit 12 determines that all three conditions are satisfied, it determines that the preconditions for a surge to occur are satisfied, and if it determines that all three conditions are not satisfied, it determines that the preconditions for a surge to occur are not satisfied.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the preconditions for a surge to occur are met, it reads out the most recent record in the data table 110, i.e., the accelerator opening and engine speed recorded in the "accelerator opening" and "engine speed” items corresponding to the reference time.
- the state transition determination unit 12 calculates the amount of change in engine speed by subtracting the engine speed a predetermined time before the reference time from the engine speed corresponding to the reference time.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines whether the accelerator opening corresponding to the reference time and the calculated amount of change in engine speed meet both of the two conditions for starting control to avoid a surge shown in the surge avoidance control start condition table 112, i.e., the condition that the accelerator opening is "40% or less" and the condition that the amount of change in engine speed is "-50 rpm or less.” If the state transition determination unit 12 determines that both of the two conditions are satisfied, it determines that the condition for starting control to avoid a surge is satisfied, and if it determines that both of the two conditions are not satisfied, it determines that the condition for starting control to avoid a surge is not satisfied.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines in the process of Sa4 that the preconditions for a surge to occur are not met, or if it determines that the preconditions for a surge to occur are met but the start conditions for control to avoid a surge are not met, it determines that the state has not transitioned to the specified deceleration state (Sa4, No) and performs the process of Sa2 again. On the other hand, if the state transition determination unit 12 determines in the process of Sa4 that the preconditions for a surge to occur are met and that the start conditions for control to avoid a surge are met, it determines that the state has transitioned to the specified deceleration state (Sa4, Yes) and then performs the process of Sa5.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines whether the end conditions for the surge avoidance control shown in the surge avoidance control start condition table 112 are satisfied (Sa5).
- the state transition determination unit 12 refers to the flag value of the change rate application flag 117, and if the flag value is "TRUE", it rewrites the flag value to "FALSE", and if the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 is "FALSE", it maintains that state (Sa6). Therefore, after processing of Sa6, the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 becomes "FALSE".
- the state transition determination unit 12 refers to the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116, and if the flag value is "OFF", it rewrites the flag value to "ON", and if the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is "ON", it maintains that state (Sa7). Therefore, after the processing of Sa7, the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 becomes "ON". If the control time measurement timer provided inside is not running, the state transition determination unit 12 initializes and starts the control time measurement timer. Note that when the control time measurement timer is initialized and started, it measures the elapsed time, for example, in units of one second, starting from "0 seconds".
- the state transition determination unit 12 maintains that state (Sa8). After the processing of Sa8, the state transition determination unit 12 performs the processing of Sa2 again, and after the processing of Sa2, it performs the processing of Sa3 again.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the flag is "ON" in the process of Sa3 (Sa3, ON) and performs the process of Sa5 again.
- the state transition determination unit 12 references the most recent record in the data table 110, and reads out the most recent accelerator opening recorded in the "accelerator opening" field of that record, and the most recent fuel injection amount recorded in the "fuel injection amount” field.
- the state transition determination unit 12 performs a first end condition determination process by referring to the timer value of the control time measurement timer and determining whether the number of seconds in the referred timer value meets the condition of "A seconds or more" indicated in the "Time lapse" item of the surge avoidance control end condition table 113.
- the state transition determination unit 12 performs a second end condition determination process by determining whether the most recent accelerator opening that was read meets the condition of "B% or more" indicated in the sub-item of "Accelerator opening" in the "Re-acceleration" item of the surge avoidance control end condition table 113.
- the state transition determination unit 12 performs a third end condition determination process by determining whether the most recent fuel injection amount that was read meets the condition of "C mg/stroke or more" indicated in the sub-item of "Fuel injection amount” in the "Re-acceleration" item of the surge avoidance control end condition table 113.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the condition is satisfied in any one of the first, second, and third termination condition determination processes, it determines that the termination condition of the control to avoid a surge is satisfied. On the other hand, if the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the condition is not satisfied in all of the first, second, and third termination condition determination processes, it determines that the termination condition of the control to avoid a surge is not satisfied (Sa5). Note that if the control time measurement timer is not started, the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the condition is not satisfied in the first termination condition determination process.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the end condition of the control to avoid a surge is not met (Sa5, No), it next performs the process of Sa6. On the other hand, if the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the end condition of the control to avoid a surge is met (Sa5, Yes), it next performs the process of Sa9.
- the state transition determination unit 12 writes and stores the determination results of the first end condition determination process, the second end condition determination process, and the third end condition determination process in an internal storage area. If the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the condition is satisfied in the first end condition determination process and that the condition is not satisfied in the second and third end condition determination processes, it determines that the end condition of "time passage" is satisfied. In contrast, if the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the condition is not satisfied in the first end condition determination process and that the condition is satisfied in either the second or third end condition determination process, it determines that the end condition of "re-acceleration" is satisfied.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the condition is satisfied in the first end condition determination process and that the condition is satisfied in either the second or third end condition determination process, it prioritizes "re-acceleration” over “time passage” and determines that the end condition of "re-acceleration” is satisfied (Sa9).
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the end condition for "re-acceleration" has been met (Sa9, re-acceleration), it refers to the flag value of the change rate application flag 117, and if the flag value is "TRUE”, it rewrites the flag value to "FALSE", and if the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 is "FALSE", it maintains that state (Sa10). Therefore, after processing Sa10, the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 becomes "FALSE". After processing Sa10, the state transition determination unit 12 performs processing Sa12.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the end condition of "time elapses" has been met (Sa9, time elapses), it refers to the flag value of the change rate application flag 117, and if the flag value is "FALSE", it rewrites the flag value to "TRUE”, and if the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 is "TRUE", it maintains that state (Sa11). Therefore, after processing Sa11, the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 becomes "TRUE".
- the state transition determination unit 12 After processing Sa10 and Sa11, the state transition determination unit 12 refers to the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116, and if the flag value is "ON”, it rewrites the flag value to "OFF", and if the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is "OFF", it maintains that state (Sa12). Therefore, after processing Sa12, the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 becomes "OFF". The state transition determination unit 12 stops the control time measurement timer (Sa13) and performs processing Sa2 again.
- the state transition determination unit 12 refers to the topmost record when referring to the most recent record in the data table 110.
- the state transition determination unit 12 may refer to the most recent sensor data for each of the items "accelerator opening", “fuel injection amount”, and "engine rotation speed" in the data table 110.
- the state transition determination unit 12 may detect the most recent record in the data table 110 that includes the fuel injection amount, and may set the fuel injection amount included in the detected record as the most recent fuel injection amount, and may set the accelerator opening and engine speed included in the top record as the most recent accelerator opening and engine speed.
- the state transition determination unit 12 has two detection times that are used as the reference time. Therefore, the state transition determination unit 12 may set either one of the detection times as the reference time, or may set the average value of the two detection times as the reference time.
- the detection time corresponding to the accelerator opening and engine speed may be set as the reference time corresponding to the accelerator opening and engine speed
- the detection time corresponding to the fuel injection amount may be set as the reference time corresponding to the fuel injection amount.
- the record from a certain time before the reference time required for processing Sa4 differs in the combination of accelerator opening and engine speed, and in the fuel injection amount.
- the predetermined time is, for example, 0.5 seconds, but it is not limited to 0.5 seconds and may be any other time.
- the state transition determination unit 12 may refer to the top record among the records that are before the predetermined time before the reference time.
- the state transition determination unit 12 may read the sensor data of the read target from the top record among the records that are before the predetermined time before the reference time and that include the read target.
- the processes of Sa6, Sa7, and Sa8 may be performed in the order described above, in an order that is arbitrarily changed, or in parallel.
- the processes of Sa12 and Sa13 may be performed in the order described above, in the reverse order, or in parallel.
- the processes of Sa12 and Sa13 may be performed in any order or in parallel before the process of Sa9.
- one of the processes of Sa12 and Sa13 may be performed before the process of Sa9, and the other may be performed after the process of Sa10 or Sa11.
- the flow control unit 13 of the surge avoidance control device 10 is started and starts the processing of the flowchart in Fig. 10.
- the flow control unit 13 waits until there is an output from the engine controller 3.
- the engine controller 3 outputs sensor data indicating the engine rotation speed and data on command values during normal control for each of the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8
- the flow control unit 13 captures the output data and writes and stores the captured data in an internal memory area as the most recent data (Sb1).
- the command values during normal control for each of the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8 are command values that the engine controller 3 calculates using sensor data acquired from the sensors included in the sensor group 20 to control the rotation speed of the turbine 41 to prevent it from becoming too fast, as described above, and to create a state in which PM (Particulate Matter) that accumulates in the aftertreatment device can be burned.
- the command value for the bypass valve 7 is also referred to as the BVP command value
- the command value for the exhaust throttle valve 8 is also referred to as the ETV command value.
- the flow control unit 13 refers to the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 and determines whether the flag value is "ON" or "OFF" (Sb2). Assume that the flow control unit 13 determines that the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is "ON" (Sb2, ON). In this case, the flow control unit 13 detects the BPV command value and ETV command value corresponding to the most recent engine speed stored in the internal storage area from the bypass valve control data 114 and the exhaust throttle valve control data 115, respectively. The flow control unit 13 sets the detected BPV command value and ETV command value as output command values, respectively (Sb3). After processing Sb3, the flow control unit 13 performs processing Sb4.
- the flow control unit 13 determines that the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is "OFF" (Sb2, OFF), it refers to the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 and determines whether the flag value is "TRUE” or "FALSE” (Sb5). Assume that the flow control unit 13 determines that the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 is "TRUE" (Sb5, TRUE). In this case, the flow control unit 13 reads out the BPV command value and ETV command value of the previous output command value stored in an internal memory area.
- the flow control unit 13 calculates a BPV command value to be used as the output command value based on the previous BPV command value that was read out, the BPV command value during the most recent normal control stored in an internal memory area, and a predetermined rate of change. For example, assume that the rate of change is "1/2" in the flow control unit 13. In this case, the flow control unit 13 multiplies the previous BPV command value by the rate of change "1/2" by subtracting the previous BPV command value from the BPV command value during the most recent normal control, and adds the multiplied value to the previous BPV command value to calculate a new BPV command value. The flow control unit 13 sets the calculated new BPV command value as the output command value.
- the flow control unit 13 calculates a new ETV command value by multiplying the subtraction value obtained by subtracting the previous ETV command value from the ETV command value during the most recent normal control by the rate of change of "1/2" and adding the multiplied value to the previous ETV command value.
- the flow control unit 13 sets the calculated new ETV command value as the output command value. Note that if the previous BPV command value and the previous ETV command value are not stored in the internal storage area, the flow control unit 13 sets the most recent BPV command value during normal control and the most recent ETV command value during normal control stored in the internal storage area as the output command values, respectively (Sb6). After processing Sb6, the flow control unit 13 performs processing Sb4.
- the flow control unit 13 determines in the process of Sb5 that the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 is "FALSE" (Sb5, FALSE), it sets the most recent BPV command value during normal control stored in the internal memory area and the most recent ETV command value during normal control as the output command values (Sb7). After the process of Sb7, the flow control unit 13 performs the process of Sb4.
- the flow control unit 13 After outputting the BPV command value and the ETV command value, the flow control unit 13 erases the most recent data stored in the internal storage area, i.e., the sensor data indicating the engine speed captured in the process of Sb1, and the data of the command values during normal control for each of the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8 (Sb4). After the process of Sb4, the flow control unit 13 performs the process of Sb1 again.
- the process shown in FIG. 10 is repeated while the power of the construction machine is ON, and ends when the power of the construction machine is turned OFF.
- the engine controller 3 outputs sensor data indicating the engine rotation speed, and data on command values for each of the bypass valve 7 and exhaust throttle valve 8 during normal control.
- the engine controller 3 outputs sensor data indicating the engine rotation speed, data on the BPV command value during normal control, and data on the ETV command value during normal control to the flow control unit 13 at different times, rather than outputting them to the flow control unit 13 at the same timing.
- the flow control unit 13 takes in only the sensor data indicating the engine rotation speed output by the engine controller 3, writes and stores the taken-in sensor data in an internal memory area as the most recent data, and then performs the process of Sb2.
- the flow control unit 13 For each of the BPV command value during normal control and the ETV command value during normal control, the flow control unit 13 performs a process in parallel that is different from the process of the flowchart shown in FIG. 10. That is, the flow control unit 13 waits until the engine controller 3 outputs either data of the BPV command value during normal control or data of the ETV command value during normal control. When the engine controller 3 outputs either data, the flow control unit 13 takes in the output data, writes and stores it in an internal storage area as the most recent data, and then repeats the process of waiting again until the engine controller 3 outputs either data of the BPV command value during normal control or data of the ETV command value during normal control.
- Fig. 11 is a diagram showing a part of Fig. 24 again, and Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the compressor 43 of the first embodiment.
- the state in which it is determined that the preconditions for surge occurrence shown in the surge occurrence precondition table 111 are satisfied is a state in which it is estimated that the operating point of the compressor 43 is in a position included in the area on the right side of the surge line 400 and that the engine rotation speed is at a position of "1800 rpm or more" in Fig. 11. This position is assumed to be the position indicated by the reference symbol 500, for example.
- the state in which it is determined that the preconditions for surge avoidance control start shown in the surge avoidance control start condition table 112 are satisfied is a state in which it is estimated that the operating point of the compressor 43 starts to move from the position indicated by the reference symbol 500 toward the direction of the arrow on the line indicated by the reference symbol 501. Therefore, in processing Sa4, if the state transition judgment unit 12 judges that the state has transitioned to a predetermined deceleration state, it is estimated that the operating point of the compressor 43 is located on the line indicated by the symbol 501, to the right of the surge line 400.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines in the process of Sa5 that the end conditions of the surge avoidance control shown in the surge avoidance control end condition table 113 are not satisfied, the state transition determination unit 12 rewrites the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 to "ON" in the process of Sa7.
- the flow control unit 13 detects, in the process of Sb3 in FIG. 10, the BPV command value and the ETV command value corresponding to the engine speed obtained in the process of Sb1 immediately before performing this process from the bypass valve control data 114 and the exhaust throttle valve control data 115, respectively.
- the flow control unit 13 outputs the detected BPV command value and ETV command value to the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8, respectively.
- the bypass valve control data 114 has a BPV command value of 0% regardless of the engine speed, so when Sb3 and then Sb4 are performed, the bypass valve 7 is fully open.
- the exhaust throttle valve control data 115 shows a tendency for the ETV command value to become slightly smaller as the engine speed increases, but the ETV command value is about 80% to 95% regardless of the engine speed. Therefore, when Sb3 and then Sb4 are performed, the exhaust throttle valve 8 is almost closed. Note that if the exhaust throttle valve 8 were fully closed, excessive pressure would be applied to the turbine 41, so the exhaust throttle valve control data 115 is designed to prevent the exhaust throttle valve 8 from being fully closed at any engine speed.
- FIG. 12 is a graph comparing an example of the changes when the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment is used with an example of the changes when a general internal combustion engine system is used.
- the general internal combustion engine system is a system in which the surge avoidance control device 10 is removed from the internal combustion engine system 1, and the engine controller 3 directly outputs command values during normal control to the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8.
- Part (a) of FIG. 12 is a graph showing the change in engine speed detected by engine speed sensor 21, and a graph showing the change in fuel injection amount indicated by fuel injection amount command value 61.
- the vertical axis on the left side indicates the magnitude of engine speed expressed in units of "rpm”
- the vertical axis on the right side indicates the magnitude of fuel injection amount expressed in units of "mg/stroke”.
- Part (b) of FIG. 12 is a graph showing the change in boost pressure detected by boost pressure sensor 23, with the vertical axis showing the magnitude of boost pressure in units of "kPa”.
- Part (c) of FIG. 12 is a graph showing the change in the opening of exhaust throttle valve 8, with the vertical axis showing the opening of exhaust throttle valve 8 in units of "%”.
- Part (d) of FIG. 12 is a graph showing the change in the opening of bypass valve 7, with the vertical axis showing the opening of bypass valve 7 in units of "%”.
- the horizontal axis always shows the magnitude of time in units of "seconds".
- the vertical line indicated by the reference symbol 120 indicates the timing when deceleration begins.
- the vertical line indicated by the reference symbol 121 indicates the timing when control to avoid a surge begins in the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment, i.e., the timing when the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is rewritten from "OFF" to "ON".
- the vertical line indicated by the reference symbol 122 indicates the timing when control to avoid a surge ends in the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment, i.e., the timing when the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is rewritten from "ON" to "OFF".
- reference numeral 130 is a graph showing the change in engine speed when the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment is applied
- reference numeral 131 is a graph showing the change in engine speed when a general internal combustion engine system is applied. As shown in part (a) of FIG. 12, there is no difference between these two graphs.
- deceleration indicated by reference numeral 120
- the engine speed starts to decrease, and after 31 seconds, the engine speed remains at approximately 700 rpm, which is the engine speed in a low idle state.
- a low idle state refers to a state in which the engine body 5 is kept moving without stopping the engine body 5 under no load.
- reference numeral 140 is a graph showing the change in fuel injection amount when the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment is applied
- reference numeral 141 is a graph showing the change in fuel injection amount when a general internal combustion engine system is applied. As shown in part (a) of FIG. 12, there is no difference between these two graphs.
- the fuel injection amount starts to decrease and becomes "0 mg/stroke” once, but then increases and maintains "50 mg/stroke", which is the fuel injection amount in the low idle state.
- reference numeral 160 is a graph showing the change in the opening degree of the exhaust throttle valve 8 when the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment is applied
- reference numeral 161 is a graph showing the change in the opening degree of the exhaust throttle valve 8 when a general internal combustion engine system is applied.
- the graph of reference numeral 160 shows, when the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment is applied, the exhaust throttle valve 8 is closed at the timing when the control to avoid surge indicated by reference numeral 121 is started, and when the value reaches about 95%, this state is maintained until the timing when the control to avoid surge indicated by reference numeral 122 ends.
- the graph of reference numeral 161 shows, when a general internal combustion engine system is applied, the exhaust throttle valve 8 is maintained in a fully open state.
- reference numeral 170 is a graph showing the change in the opening degree of the bypass valve 7 when the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment is applied
- reference numeral 171 is a graph showing the change in the opening degree of the bypass valve 7 when a general internal combustion engine system is applied.
- the bypass valve 7 opens at the timing when the control to avoid a surge indicated by reference numeral 121 is started, and when it reaches a fully open state, this state is maintained until the timing when the control to avoid a surge indicated by reference numeral 122 ends.
- the graph indicated by reference numeral 171 shows, when a general internal combustion engine system is applied, the bypass valve 7 is maintained in a fully open state.
- reference numeral 150 is a graph showing the change in boost pressure when the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment is applied
- reference numeral 151 is a graph showing the change in boost pressure when a general internal combustion engine system is applied.
- a general internal combustion engine system as shown in the graph of reference numeral 151, a pulsating change in the boost pressure appears around 31.5 seconds to 33 seconds, and it is understood that a surge has occurred.
- the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8 are controlled as shown in the (c) and (d) parts of FIG. 12, and the boost pressure shows a gradual decrease, and it is understood that a surge has not occurred. Therefore, by using the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment, it is possible to avoid a surge even in an internal combustion engine that does not adopt an EGR system.
- the state transition determination unit 12 of the first embodiment adopts a process of determining whether the fuel injection amount becomes "0 mg/stroke" as disclosed in Patent Document 1, instead of the process of determining whether the state transition has occurred to the predetermined deceleration state of Sa4 in FIG. 9.
- the position of the vertical line with reference numeral 121 indicating the timing at which the control to avoid a surge is started will change to a position around 30.5 seconds at which the fuel injection amount becomes "0 mg/stroke" in FIG. 12(a).
- the ETV opening does not instantly become about 95%, and the BPV opening does not instantly become 0%, and there is a time lag until the effect of the control to avoid a surge appears.
- the state transition determination unit 12 of the first embodiment when it is determined that the preconditions for the occurrence of a surge shown in the surge occurrence precondition table 111 and the start conditions for control to avoid a surge shown in the surge avoidance control start condition table 112 are satisfied, it assumes that a transition has occurred to a predetermined deceleration state in which a surge is estimated to occur, and starts control to avoid a surge. This makes it possible to start control to avoid a surge at an earlier timing with a margin of error than the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, making it possible to avoid a surge more reliably.
- the control to avoid surges performed by the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment is a control that uses a bypass valve 7 and an exhaust throttle valve 8 that are provided in a typical internal combustion engine, and is a control that can be performed without using additional devices such as a blow-off valve. Therefore, the control to avoid surges performed by the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment has a cost advantage compared to using control to avoid surges using additional devices, and can also be applied to internal combustion engines that employ the EGR system shown in Figures 22 and 23.
- the state transition determination unit 12 performs control of the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8 to avoid a surge only when the system transitions to a predetermined deceleration state.
- the system is configured to ensure the robustness of the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8.
- the surge avoidance control device 10 of the first embodiment performs processing using the change rate application flag 117 described above.
- the state transition determination unit 12 further determines in the process of Sa9 whether the satisfied end condition is re-acceleration or the passage of time. If the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the satisfied end condition is re-acceleration, it sets the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 to "FALSE," and if it determines that the satisfied end condition is the passage of time, it sets the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 to "TRUE.” If the flag value of the change rate application flag 117 is "TRUE" in the process of Sb5 in FIG.
- the flow control unit 13 performs the process of Sb6 without immediately switching to the BPV command value and ETV command value for normal control.
- the flow control unit 13 applies a rate of change to gradually change the BPV command value applied to the bypass valve 7 immediately before, i.e., the previous BPV command value, to the BPV command value during normal control.
- the flow control unit 13 applies a rate of change to gradually change the ETV command value applied to the exhaust throttle valve 8 immediately before, i.e., the previous ETV command value, to the ETV command value during normal control.
- an internal combustion engine system 1a includes an engine 2a, an engine controller 3a, an accelerator pedal 4, a surge avoidance control device 10a, and a sensor group 20.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the engine 2a includes an engine body 5, an aftercooler 6, a bypass valve 7, an exhaust throttle valve 8, an exhaust turbo-supercharger 40, an exhaust turbo-supercharger 50, and passages 31 to 37.
- an exhaust turbo-supercharger 40, 50 When two exhaust turbo-superchargers 40, 50 are connected in series as shown in FIG. 13, it is common to make the size of the low-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 50 larger than the size of the high-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 40. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the size of the low-pressure stage exhaust turbo-superchargers 40, 50 is larger than that of the high-pressure stage.
- the exhaust turbo-supercharger 40 is referred to as the high-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 40
- the exhaust turbo-supercharger 50 is referred to as the low-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 50.
- the turbine 41 and the compressor 43 are referred to as the high-pressure stage turbine 41 and the high-pressure stage compressor 43, respectively.
- the high-pressure stage turbine 41 is connected to the connecting exhaust passage 37 instead of the outlet side exhaust passage 35 on the side where it discharges exhaust gas, and discharges exhaust gas into the connecting exhaust passage 37.
- the high-pressure stage compressor 43 is connected to the connecting intake passage 36 instead of the inlet side intake passage 31 on the side where it takes in intake gas.
- the low-pressure stage turbocharger 50 comprises a low-pressure stage turbine 51, a low-pressure stage compressor 53, and a shaft 52 that connects the low-pressure stage turbine 51 and the low-pressure stage compressor 53 and transmits the driving force of the rotation of the low-pressure stage turbine 51 to the low-pressure stage compressor 53.
- the low-pressure stage turbine 51 is connected to the high-pressure stage turbine 41 via a connecting exhaust passage 37, rotates upon receiving exhaust gas discharged from the high-pressure stage turbine 41, and discharges the exhaust gas to the outlet side exhaust passage 35.
- the low-pressure stage compressor 53 also called a blower or compressor like the high-pressure stage compressor 43, rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the low-pressure stage turbine 51 and compresses the air flowing in from the inlet-side intake passage 31, i.e., the intake gas.
- the low-pressure stage compressor 53 is connected to the high-pressure stage compressor 43 via the connecting intake passage 36, and discharges the compressed intake gas into the connecting intake passage 36.
- the high-pressure stage compressor 43 compresses the intake gas flowing in from the connecting intake passage 36 and discharges it into the engine body-side intake passage 32, so that the intake gas flowing in from the inlet-side intake passage 31 is compressed in two stages by the low-pressure stage compressor 53 and the high-pressure stage compressor 43. Therefore, the engine body 5 draws in a higher pressure intake gas than in the first embodiment.
- the engine controller 3a performs feedforward control and feedback control that are added when the controlled object is replaced from the engine 2 to the engine 2a.
- the surge avoidance control device 10a includes a memory unit 11a, a state transition determination unit 12, and a flow control unit 13. Similar to the memory unit 11 of the first embodiment, the memory unit 11a stores a data table 110, a surge occurrence precondition table 111, a surge avoidance control start condition table 112, a surge avoidance control end condition table 113, exhaust throttle valve control data 115, a surge avoidance control flag 116, and a change rate application flag 117. The memory unit 11a further stores bypass valve control data 114a having the characteristics shown in FIG. 14, instead of the bypass valve control data 114 having the characteristics shown in FIG. 6.
- the low-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 50 will have greater inertia than the high-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 40. Therefore, surges are more likely to occur in the low-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 50 than in the high-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 40. Therefore, it is assumed here that the engine 2a is configured in such a way that surges are less likely to occur in the high-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 40 and more likely to occur in the low-pressure stage exhaust turbo-supercharger 50.
- bypass valve control data 114a is used instead of bypass valve control data 114.
- bypass valve control data 114a is data having a characteristic that the BPV command value becomes 100% regardless of the engine rotation speed.
- bypass valve control data 114a is table-format data for map control in which each of a plurality of different engine rotation speeds is associated with a corresponding command value for bypass valve 7.
- the state transition determination unit 12 performs the process shown in Fig. 9 of the first embodiment, but with the engine controller 3 replaced with an engine controller 3a.
- the flow rate control unit 13 performs the process shown in Fig. 10 of the first embodiment, but with the bypass valve control data 114 replaced with bypass valve control data 114a.
- bypass valve control data 114a Since the bypass valve control data 114a has a BPV command value of 100% regardless of the engine rotation speed, when the process of Sb4 is performed after the process of Sb3 in Fig. 10, the bypass valve 7 is fully closed and the exhaust throttle valve 8 is almost closed as in the first embodiment. When the bypass valve 7 is fully closed, all of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 5 is supplied to the high-pressure stage turbine 41.
- the energy of the exhaust gas by the high-pressure stage turbine 41 in other words, the energy of the force that rotates the turbine generated according to the magnitude of the flow rate and flow velocity of the exhaust gas, is consumed by the high-pressure stage turbine 41, so that the energy of the exhaust gas received by the low-pressure stage turbine 51 is reduced. As a result, the rotation speed of the low-pressure stage turbine 51 is reduced.
- the exhaust throttle valve 8 is almost closed, so the pressure in the outlet exhaust passage 35 between the exhaust throttle valve 8 and the low-pressure stage turbine 51, in other words the outlet pressure of the low-pressure stage turbine 51, rises.
- This increases the resistance to the exhaust gas discharged from the low-pressure stage turbine 51, reducing the flow rate and flow velocity of the exhaust gas passing through the low-pressure stage turbine 51 and reducing the rotation speed of the low-pressure stage turbine 51.
- the rotation speed of the low-pressure stage turbine 51 decreases, the rotation speed of the low-pressure stage compressor 53 also decreases, making it possible to avoid surges occurring in the low-pressure stage exhaust turbocharger 50.
- FIG. 15 is a graph comparing an example of the change when the internal combustion engine system 1a of the second embodiment is applied with an example of the change when a general internal combustion engine system is applied.
- the general internal combustion engine system is a system in which the surge avoidance control device 10a is removed from the internal combustion engine system 1a, and the engine controller 3a outputs command values for normal control to the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8.
- the units of the vertical and horizontal axes in parts (a) to (d) of FIG. 15 are the same as those in parts (a) to (d) of FIG. 12, and graphs showing the same changes as those in parts (a) to (d) of FIG. 12 are given the same reference numerals as those in the graphs in parts (a) to (d) of FIG. 12.
- the timing indicated by the vertical lines denoted by reference numerals 120, 121, and 122 is also the same as in the first embodiment, with reference numeral 120 indicating the timing when deceleration starts, reference numeral 121 indicating the timing when control to avoid a surge starts, and reference numeral 122 indicating the timing when control to avoid a surge ends.
- the bypass valve control data 114 with the characteristics shown in FIG. 6 used in the first embodiment is applied instead of the bypass valve control data 114a with the characteristics shown in FIG. 14.
- the internal combustion engine system 1a to which the bypass valve control data 114 is applied will show the changes shown in the graph of FIG. 16. Note that the changes in the graph shown in FIG. 16 are the same as those in the graph shown in FIG. 12 of the first embodiment, and therefore are shown with the same reference numerals as in FIG. 12.
- the bypass valve 7 opens at the timing when the control to avoid a surge indicated by reference numeral 121 is started, and when it reaches a fully open state, this state is maintained until the control to avoid a surge indicated by reference numeral 122 ends.
- an internal combustion engine system 1b includes an engine 2b, an engine controller 3b, an accelerator pedal 4, a surge avoidance control device 10b, and a sensor group 20.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- Engine 2b includes an engine body 5, an aftercooler 6, a bypass valve 7, an intake throttle valve (hereinafter referred to as ITV (Intake Throttle Valve)) 9, an exhaust turbocharger 40, and passages 31 to 35.
- ITV intake Throttle Valve
- the intake throttle valve 9 is a flow regulator that adjusts the flow rate of the intake gas passing through the engine body side intake passage 32, and is inserted into the engine body side intake passage 32. By adjusting the opening of the intake throttle valve 9, the flow rate of the intake gas passing through the engine body side intake passage 32 is adjusted, and thereby the amount of intake gas taken in by the engine body 5 is adjusted.
- the engine controller 3b performs feedforward control and feedback control that are added and removed as the control target is replaced from engine 2 to engine 2b.
- the control that is added is control over the intake throttle valve 9, and the control that is removed is control over the exhaust throttle valve 8.
- the engine controller 3b does not directly control the bypass valve 7 and the intake throttle valve 9 by outputting control command values, but outputs control command values for each to a flow control unit 13a provided in the surge avoidance control device 10b.
- the surge avoidance control device 10b includes a memory unit 11b, a state transition determination unit 12, and a flow control unit 13a.
- the memory unit 11b stores a data table 110, a surge occurrence precondition table 111, a surge avoidance control start condition table 112, a surge avoidance control end condition table 113, bypass valve control data 114, a surge avoidance control flag 116, and a change rate application flag 117, similar to the memory unit 11 of the first embodiment, and stores intake throttle valve control data instead of exhaust throttle valve control data 115 having the characteristics shown in FIG. 6. Note that the characteristics indicated by the intake throttle valve control data are the same as those indicated by the exhaust throttle valve control data 115.
- the value is about 80% to 95% regardless of the engine rotation speed.
- the opening degree of the intake throttle valve 9, which is the command value for the intake throttle valve 9, is the same as for the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8, with 0% indicating full open and 100% indicating full closed.
- the intake throttle valve control data is table-format data for map control in which each of a number of different engine speeds is associated with a corresponding command value for the intake throttle valve 9.
- the flow control unit 13a When the state transition determination unit 12 determines that a transition to a predetermined deceleration state has occurred, the flow control unit 13a outputs command values to the bypass valve 7 and the intake throttle valve 9 so that the flow rate of exhaust gas supplied to the turbine 41 of the exhaust turbocharger 40 becomes a flow rate that reduces the rotational speed of the turbine 41.
- the state transition determination unit 12 performs the process shown in Fig. 9 of the first embodiment, but with the engine controller 3 replaced with the engine controller 3b.
- the flow control unit 13a performs the process shown in Fig. 10 of the first embodiment, but with the flow control unit 13 replaced with the flow control unit 13a, the engine controller 3 replaced with the engine controller 3b, the exhaust throttle valve control data 115 replaced with the intake throttle valve control data, the ETV command value replaced with the ITV command value, and the exhaust throttle valve 8 replaced with the intake throttle valve 9.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a comparison between the operation when the control for avoiding a surge is performed on the exhaust throttle valve 8 in the internal combustion engine system 1 of the first embodiment and the operation when the control for avoiding a surge is performed on the intake throttle valve 9 in the internal combustion engine system 1b of the third embodiment.
- Part (a) of FIG. 18 corresponds to the exhaust throttle valve 8
- part (b) of FIG. 18 corresponds to the intake throttle valve 9.
- the exhaust throttle valve 8 is controlled in the closing direction as shown in part (a) of FIG. 18.
- the exhaust throttle valve control data 115 and the intake throttle valve control data are data showing the same characteristics. Therefore, in the case of the third embodiment, the intake throttle valve 9 is also controlled in the closing direction as shown in part (b) of FIG. 18.
- the outlet pressure of the turbine 41 increases. Therefore, the resistance to the exhaust gas discharged from the turbine 41 increases, the flow rate and flow velocity of the exhaust gas passing through the turbine 41 decrease, and the rotation speed of the turbine 41 decreases.
- the intake throttle valve 9 when the intake throttle valve 9 is almost closed, the amount of intake gas taken in by the engine body 5 decreases, and the amount of exhaust gas discharged by the engine body 5 also decreases. Therefore, the pressure of the turbine-side exhaust passage 33 decreases.
- the ratio of the exhaust gas pressure on the inlet side of the turbine 41 to the exhaust gas pressure on the outlet side of the turbine 41 that is, "exhaust gas pressure on the inlet side of the turbine 41/exhaust gas pressure on the outlet side of the turbine 41" becomes smaller. Therefore, in the first embodiment, as in the case where the exhaust throttle valve 8 is controlled to avoid a surge, the flow rate and flow velocity of the exhaust gas passing through the turbine 41 decrease, and the rotation speed of the turbine 41 decreases, making it possible to avoid a surge.
- an internal combustion engine system 1c includes an engine 2, an engine controller 3c, an accelerator pedal 4, a surge avoidance control device 10c, and a sensor group 20.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the engine controller 3c does not directly control the bypass valve 7 and the exhaust throttle valve 8 by outputting control command values, but outputs control command values for each to a flow control unit 13 provided in the surge avoidance control device 10c.
- the engine controller 3c further does not directly control the engine body 5 by outputting a fuel injection amount command value 61, but outputs the fuel injection amount command value 61 to a fuel injection amount control unit 14 provided in the surge avoidance control device 10c.
- the surge avoidance control device 10c includes a memory unit 11, a state transition determination unit 12, a flow rate control unit 13, and a fuel injection amount control unit 14.
- the state transition determination unit 12 determines that a transition has occurred to a predetermined deceleration state
- the fuel injection amount control unit 14 outputs a fuel injection amount command value 61a to the engine body 5 so that the fuel injection amount injected in the engine body 5 becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined amount if the amount falls below the predetermined amount.
- the predetermined amount is, for example, 50% to 100% of the fuel injection amount in a low idle state.
- the state transition determination unit 12 performs the process shown in Fig. 9 of the first embodiment, but with the engine controller 3 replaced with an engine controller 3c.
- the flow rate control unit 13 performs the process shown in Fig. 10 of the first embodiment, but with the engine controller 3 replaced with an engine controller 3c.
- the fuel injection amount control unit 14 performs the process shown in Fig. 20.
- the process shown in Fig. 20 is performed in parallel with the processes shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.
- the fuel injection amount control unit 14 waits until the engine controller 3c outputs.
- the fuel injection amount control unit 14 takes in the output fuel injection amount command value 61 (Sc1).
- the fuel injection amount control unit 14 refers to the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 and determines whether the flag value is "ON" or "OFF” (Sb2). If the fuel injection amount control unit 14 determines that the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is "OFF" (Sb2, OFF), it sets the fuel injection amount command value 61 acquired in the process of Sc1 as the output command value (Sc3), and then performs the process of Sc6.
- the fuel injection amount control unit 14 determines whether the flag value of the surge avoidance control flag 116 is "ON" (Sb2, ON), it determines whether the fuel injection amount indicated by the acquired fuel injection amount command value 61 is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount (Sc4). If the fuel injection amount control unit 14 determines that the fuel injection amount indicated by the acquired fuel injection amount command value 61 is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount (Sc4, Yes), it next performs the process of Sc3.
- (Functions and Effects of the Fourth Embodiment) 21 is a diagram showing the operation of the fuel injection amount control unit 14 performing the process shown in FIG. 20 when the state transition determination unit 12 determines that the internal combustion engine system 1c of the fourth embodiment has transitioned to a predetermined deceleration state.
- the fuel injection amount control unit 14 performs the process shown in FIG. 20, the following occurs.
- the predetermined amount is 100% of the amount at low idle, the fuel injection amount will not decrease any more when it decreases to "50 mg/stroke" of the fuel injection amount at low idle.
- the engine body 5 continues to operate, and as shown in FIG. 21, the decrease in engine speed becomes gentler. More specifically, the slope of the decrease in the engine speed between about 30 seconds and about 31 seconds in the change in engine speed indicated by reference numerals 130 and 131 in part (a) of FIG. 12 becomes gentler.
- the engine body 5 draws in the intake gas in the intake passage 32 on the engine body side. Therefore, even if the compressor 43 continues to rotate by inertia, the degree to which the pressure of the intake gas present in the intake passage 32 on the engine body side increases also becomes gentler. Therefore, for example, in FIG.
- predetermined amount is just one example, being 50% to 100% of the fuel injection amount in low idle state, and any amount is acceptable as long as the rotation speed of the engine body 5 can follow the rotation due to the inertia of the compressor 43.
- the four surge avoidance controls i.e., the control to avoid a surge on the bypass valve 7 shown in the first and second embodiments, the control to avoid a surge on the exhaust throttle valve 8, the control to avoid a surge on the intake throttle valve 9 shown in the third embodiment, and the control to avoid a surge on the fuel injection amount of the engine body 5 shown in the fourth embodiment, are all controls that have the effect of avoiding a surge. Therefore, each of the four surge avoidance controls may be used alone in the configurations including one exhaust turbo-supercharger 40 shown in the first, third, and fourth embodiments and the configuration including two exhaust turbo-superchargers 40, 50 shown in the second embodiment.
- a configuration that arbitrarily combines four surge avoidance controls that are not included in the configuration combining some of the four surge avoidance controls shown in the first to fourth embodiments may be applied to the configuration including one exhaust turbo-supercharger 40 shown in the first, third, and fourth embodiments and the configuration including two exhaust turbo-superchargers 40, 50 shown in the second embodiment.
- each condition shown in the surge occurrence precondition table 111, the surge avoidance control start condition table 112, and the surge avoidance control end condition table 113 shown in Figures 3 to 5 may be changed as appropriate depending on the type of construction machine to which the internal combustion engine system 1, 1a, 1b, 1c is applied and the environment in which it is used.
- the preconditions for the occurrence of a surge shown in the surge occurrence precondition table 111 referenced by the state transition determination unit 12 are not limited to the conditions shown in FIG. 3, and any condition may be applied as long as it indicates that, for example, the operating point of the compressor 43 is on the right side of the surge line 400 and the desired engine speed or pressure ratio is achieved.
- the start conditions for surge avoidance control shown in the surge avoidance control start condition table 112 referenced by the state transition determination unit 12 are not limited to the conditions shown in FIG. 4, and any conditions may be applied as long as they indicate that the operating point of the compressor 43 is moving in a direction that reduces the air flow rate in FIG. 11.
- the conditions related to re-acceleration among the termination conditions of the control to avoid a surge shown in the surge avoidance control termination condition table 113 referenced by the state transition determination unit 12 are not limited to the conditions shown in FIG. 5, and any conditions indicating a state of re-acceleration may be applied.
- the surge avoidance control devices 10, 10a, 10b, and 10c can be configured using a computer such as a microcomputer or a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and hardware such as peripheral circuits and devices of the computer.
- the surge avoidance control devices 10, 10a, 10b, and 10c each include a memory unit 11, 11a, and 11b, a state transition determination unit 12, a flow rate control unit 13, 13a, and a fuel injection amount control unit 14 as a functional configuration consisting of a combination of hardware and software such as a program executed by the computer.
- the surge avoidance control devices 10, 10a, 10b, and 10c may be configured using a custom LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) such as a PLD (Programmable Logic Device).
- PLDs include PAL (Programmable Array Logic), GAL (Generic Array Logic), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- PLDs include PAL (Programmable Array Logic), GAL (Generic Array Logic), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- PAL Programmable Array Logic
- GAL Generic Array Logic
- CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- a part or all of the programs executed by the computer in each of the above-mentioned embodiments can be distributed via a computer-readable recording medium or a communication line.
- Each of the surge avoidance control devices 10, 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the above embodiments may be provided as a functional part within each of the corresponding engine controllers 3, 3a, 3b, and 3c.
- a turbine having an adjustment nozzle such as the VGT described above may be applied.
- the adjustment nozzle provided on the turbine becomes the flow regulator.
- the engine 2 in each of the above-described embodiments is, for example, a diesel engine, and the engines 2a and 2b are also described under the assumption that they are diesel engines, but the engines 2, 2a, and 2b may be internal combustion engines other than diesel engines.
- the surge avoidance control device, internal combustion engine system, surge avoidance control method, and program according to the embodiments of the present invention make it possible to avoid surges even in internal combustion engines that do not employ an EGR system.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2023年3月8日に、日本に出願された特願2023-035518号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(第1の実施形態の全体構成)
図1に示すように、第1の実施形態に係る内燃機関システム1は、エンジン2、エンジンコントローラ3、アクセルペダル4、サージ回避制御装置10、及びセンサ群20を備える。内燃機関システム1は、例えば、ショベルやダンプトラックなどの建設機械に備えられる。アクセルペダル4は、例えば、建設機械の運転席に設置されており、運転者によって操作される。
図9は、状態遷移判定部12による処理の流れを示すフローチャートであり、図10は、流量制御部13による処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。図9と図10の処理は、並列に行われる処理である。図9と図10の処理と並列に、エンジン回転速度センサ21、ブースト圧センサ23、アクセル開度センサ24などのセンサによる処理と、エンジンコントローラ3による燃料噴射量を算出して燃料噴射量指令値61を出力する処理を含むエンジン2に対する制御処理も行われる。
例えば、内燃機関システム1を備える建設機械の電源がONにされると、サージ回避制御装置10の状態遷移判定部12は、起動して、図9のフローチャートの処理を開始する。状態遷移判定部12は、サージ回避制御フラグ116に「OFF」を書き込んで初期化すると共に、変化率適用フラグ117に「FALSE」を書き込んで初期化する。状態遷移判定部12は、更に、データテーブル110を初期化して、レコードが存在しない状態にする(Sa1)。
例えば、内燃機関システム1を備える建設機械の電源がONにされると、サージ回避制御装置10の流量制御部13は、起動して、図10のフローチャートの処理を開始する。流量制御部13は、エンジンコントローラ3が出力するまで待機する。流量制御部13は、エンジンコントローラ3がエンジン回転速度を示すセンサデータと、バイパスバルブ7と排気スロットルバルブ8の各々に対する通常制御時の指令値のデータとを出力すると、出力されたデータを取り込み、取り込んだデータを内部の記憶領域に直近のデータとして書き込んで記憶させる(Sb1)。
図11は、図24に示す図の一部を再掲した図であり、ここでは、図11は、第1の実施形態の圧縮機43の特性を示す図であるとする。図9に示すSa4の処理において、サージ発生前提条件テーブル111に示されるサージが発生する前提条件を満たしていると判定される状態とは、図11において、圧縮機43の作動点が、サージライン400の右側の領域に含まれる位置であって、かつエンジン回転速度が「1800rpm以上」の位置に存在していると推定される状態である。この位置が、例えば、符号500で示す位置であるとする。Sa4の処理において、サージ回避制御開始条件テーブル112に示されるサージを回避する制御の開始条件を満たしていると判定される状態とは、圧縮機43の作動点が、符号500の位置から符号501で示される線上を矢印の方向に向かって動き始めたと推定される状態を示している。したがって、Sa4の処理において、状態遷移判定部12が所定の減速状態に状態遷移したと判定した場合、圧縮機43の作動点が、符号501で示される線上の位置であって、サージライン400の右側に位置している状態になっていると推定される。
(第2の実施形態の全体構成)
図13に示すように、第2の実施形態に係る内燃機関システム1aは、エンジン2a、エンジンコントローラ3a、アクセルペダル4、サージ回避制御装置10a、及びセンサ群20を備える。なお、第2の実施形態において、第1の実施形態と同一の構成については、同一の符号を付している。
第2の実施形態において、状態遷移判定部12は、第1の実施形態の図9に示す処理であって、エンジンコントローラ3を、エンジンコントローラ3aに読み替えた処理を行う。流量制御部13は、第1の実施形態の図10に示す処理であって、バイパスバルブ制御用データ114を、バイパスバルブ制御用データ114aに読み替えた処理を行う。
バイパスバルブ制御用データ114aは、いずれのエンジン回転速度であっても、BPV指令値が100%であるため、図10において、Sb3の処理を経て、Sb4の処理が行われると、バイパスバルブ7は全閉の状態になり、排気スロットルバルブ8は、第1の実施形態と同様に、ほぼ閉じられた状態になる。バイパスバルブ7が全閉の状態になると、エンジン本体5から排出される排気ガスの全てが、高圧段タービン41に供給される。これにより、高圧段タービン41によって排気ガスのエネルギ、言い換えると、排気ガスの流量や流速の大きさに応じて生じるタービンを回転させる力のエネルギが、高圧段タービン41によって消費されるので、低圧段タービン51が受ける排気ガスのエネルギが減少する。そのため、低圧段タービン51の回転速度が低下する。
上記した第2の実施形態では、高圧段排気タービン過給機40のサイズよりも、低圧段排気タービン過給機50のサイズの方が大きいことから、エンジン2aにおいて、高圧段排気タービン過給機40にサージが発生し難く、低圧段排気タービン過給機50にサージが発生し易い構成になっていることを前提としていた。これに対して、例えば、逆に、低圧段排気タービン過給機50のサイズよりも大きいサイズの高圧段排気タービン過給機40が適用される場合、エンジン2aにおいて、高圧段排気タービン過給機40にサージが発生し易く、低圧段排気タービン過給機50にサージが発生し難くなる。
(第3の実施形態の全体構成)
図17に示すように、第3の実施形態に係る内燃機関システム1bは、エンジン2b、エンジンコントローラ3b、アクセルペダル4、サージ回避制御装置10b、及びセンサ群20を備える。なお、第3の実施形態において、第1の実施形態と同一の構成については、同一の符号を付している。
第3の実施形態において、状態遷移判定部12は、第1の実施形態の図9に示す処理であって、エンジンコントローラ3を、エンジンコントローラ3bに読み替えた処理を行う。流量制御部13aは、第1の実施形態の図10に示す処理であって、流量制御部13を、流量制御部13aに読み替え、エンジンコントローラ3を、エンジンコントローラ3bに読み替え、排気スロットルバルブ制御用データ115を、吸気スロットルバルブ制御用データに読み替え、ETV指令値を、ITV指令値に読み替え、排気スロットルバルブ8を、吸気スロットルバルブ9に読み替えた処理を行う。
図18は、第1の実施形態の内燃機関システム1において、排気スロットルバルブ8に対してサージを回避する制御を行った場合の作用と、第3の実施形態の内燃機関システム1bにおいて、吸気スロットルバルブ9に対してサージを回避する制御を行った場合の作用との対比を示す図である。図18の(a)部が、排気スロットルバルブ8に対応する図であり、図18の(b)部が、吸気スロットルバルブ9に対応する図である。第1の実施形態において説明したように、サージを回避する制御が開始されると、図18の(a)部に示すように、排気スロットルバルブ8は、閉じる方向に制御される。上記したように、排気スロットルバルブ制御用データ115と、吸気スロットルバルブ制御用データとは、同一の特性を示すデータである。そのため、第3の実施形態の場合も、図18の(b)部に示すように、吸気スロットルバルブ9は、閉じる方向に制御される。
(第4の実施形態の全体構成)
図19に示すように、第4の実施形態に係る内燃機関システム1cは、エンジン2、エンジンコントローラ3c、アクセルペダル4、サージ回避制御装置10c、及びセンサ群20を備える。なお、第4の実施形態において、第1の実施形態と同一の構成については、同一の符号を付している。
第4の実施形態において、状態遷移判定部12は、第1の実施形態の図9に示す処理であって、エンジンコントローラ3を、エンジンコントローラ3cに読み替えた処理を行う。流量制御部13は、第1の実施形態の図10に示す処理であって、エンジンコントローラ3を、エンジンコントローラ3cに読み替えた処理を行う。
燃料噴射量制御部14は、図20に示す処理を行う。なお、図20に示す処理は、図9及び図10に示す処理と、並列に行われる処理である。例えば、内燃機関システム1cを備える建設機械の電源がONにされると、サージ回避制御装置10cの燃料噴射量制御部14は、起動して、図20のフローチャートの処理を開始する。燃料噴射量制御部14は、エンジンコントローラ3cが出力するまで待機する。燃料噴射量制御部14は、エンジンコントローラ3cが通常制御時の燃料噴射量指令値61を出力すると、出力された燃料噴射量指令値61を取り込む(Sc1)。
図21は、第4の実施形態の内燃機関システム1cにおいて、状態遷移判定部12が所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合に、燃料噴射量制御部14が、図20に示す処理を行った場合の作用を示す図である。図20に示す処理を行わない場合、図12の(a)部の符号140のグラフにおいて示されるように、符号120で示す減速が開始されたタイミングの後、燃料噴射量は、減少して30.5秒の付近で「0mg/stroke」に到達する。これに対して、燃料噴射量制御部14が、図20に示す処理を行った場合、以下のようになる。ここでは、例えば、予め定められる所定量が、ローアイドル時の100%の量であるとすると、燃料噴射量は、ローアイドル時の燃料噴射量の「50mg/stroke」まで減少すると、それ以上、減少しなくなる。
上記した第1及び第2の実施形態に示したバイパスバルブ7に対するサージを回避する制御と、排気スロットルバルブ8に対するサージを回避する制御と、第3の実施形態に示した吸気スロットルバルブ9に対するサージを回避する制御と、第4の実施形態に示したエンジン本体5の燃料噴射量に対するサージを回避する制御という4つのサージを回避する制御は、いずれもサージを回避するという効果を奏する制御である。そのため、4つのサージを回避する制御の各々を、第1、第3及び第4の実施形態において示した1つの排気タービン過給機40を備える構成と、第2の実施形態において示した2つの排気タービン過給機40,50を備える構成とに対して、単独で利用する構成としてもよい。また、第1から第4の実施形態において示した4つのサージを回避する制御の幾つかを組み合わせる構成に含まれていない、4つのサージを回避する制御を任意に組み合わせる構成を、第1、第3及び第4の実施形態において示した1つの排気タービン過給機40を備える構成と、第2の実施形態において示した2つの排気タービン過給機40,50を備える構成とに対して適用するようにしてもよい。
Claims (17)
- 内燃機関本体と、排気タービン過給機とを備える内燃機関に対して、前記排気タービン過給機において発生するサージを回避する制御を行うサージ回避制御装置であって、
前記内燃機関本体の状態が、前記排気タービン過給機においてサージが発生すると推定される所定の減速状態に状態遷移したか否かを判定する状態遷移判定部と、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記排気タービン過給機のタービンに供給される排気ガスの流量が、前記タービンの回転速度を低下させる流量になるようにする流量制御部と、
を備えるサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記状態遷移判定部は、
前記内燃機関本体に関わるパラメータを時系列順に順次取得し、所定時間前の前記パラメータが、前記サージが発生する前提条件を示すサージ発生前提条件を満たし、かつ直近の前記パラメータが、前記サージを回避する制御の開始条件を示すサージ回避制御開始条件を満たす場合、前記内燃機関本体の状態が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定する、
請求項1に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記内燃機関本体に関わるパラメータには、アクセル開度、燃料噴射量、前記内燃機関本体の回転速度のうち、少なくとも1つ以上が含まれる、
請求項2に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記排気タービン過給機は、
前記内燃機関本体から排出される排気ガスによって回転する前記タービンと、前記タービンに連動して回転して前記内燃機関本体に吸気される吸気ガスを圧縮する圧縮機とを備え、
前記内燃機関は、
前記タービンに供給される前記排気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器と、
前記タービンの下流側に接続される出口側排気通路を通過する前記排気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器と、
前記内燃機関本体に接続する内燃機関側吸気通路を通過する前記吸気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器とのうち少なくとも1つ以上の流量調整器を備え、
前記流量制御部は、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記タービンに供給される前記排気ガスの流量が、前記タービンの回転速度を低下させる流量になるように、前記流量調整器に対して流量を調整する指令値を出力する、
請求項1に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記タービンに供給される前記排気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器は、前記内燃機関本体と前記タービンとを接続する内燃機関側排気通路から分岐して前記タービンをバイパスするバイパス通路に挿入されるバイパスバルブであり、
前記流量制御部は、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記バイパスバルブを開く方向に駆動させる前記指令値を前記バイパスバルブに出力することにより、前記バイパス通路を通過する前記排気ガスの流量を増加させる、
請求項4に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記排気タービン過給機は、
前記内燃機関本体から排出される排気ガスによって回転する第1タービンと、前記第1タービンに連動して回転して前記内燃機関本体に吸気される吸気ガスを圧縮する第1圧縮機とを有する第1排気タービン過給機と、
前記第1タービンから排出される排気ガスによって回転する第2タービンと、前記第2タービンに連動して回転して前記第1圧縮機に圧縮した前記吸気ガスを供給する第2圧縮機とを有する第2排気タービン過給機とを備え、
前記内燃機関は、
前記第1タービンに供給される前記排気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器と、
前記第2タービンの下流側に接続される出口側排気通路を通過する前記排気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器と、
前記内燃機関本体に接続する内燃機関側吸気通路を通過する前記吸気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器とのうち少なくとも1つ以上の流量調整器を備え、
前記流量制御部は、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記第1タービン及び前記第2タービンのいずれか一方のタービンに供給される前記排気ガスの流量が、当該タービンの回転速度を低下させる流量になるように、前記流量調整器に対して流量を調整する指令値を出力する、
請求項1に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記第1タービンに供給される前記排気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器は、前記内燃機関本体と前記第1タービンとを接続する内燃機関側排気通路から分岐して前記第1タービンをバイパスするバイパス通路に挿入されるバイパスバルブであり、
前記流量制御部は、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記第1タービンにおいて前記サージが発生することが既知であるとき、前記バイパスバルブを開く方向に駆動させる前記指令値を前記バイパスバルブに出力することにより、前記バイパス通路を通過する前記排気ガスの流量を増加させ、前記第2タービンにおいて前記サージが発生することが既知であるとき、前記バイパスバルブを閉じる方向に駆動させる前記指令値を前記バイパスバルブに出力することにより、前記バイパス通路を通過する前記排気ガスの流量を減少させる、
請求項6に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記出口側排気通路を通過する前記排気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器は、前記出口側排気通路に挿入される排気スロットルバルブであり、
前記流量制御部は、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記排気スロットルバルブを閉じる方向に駆動させる前記指令値を前記排気スロットルバルブに出力することにより、前記出口側排気通路を通過する前記排気ガスの流量を減少させる、
請求項4から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記内燃機関側吸気通路を通過する前記吸気ガスの流量を調整する流量調整器は、前記内燃機関側吸気通路に挿入される吸気スロットルバルブであり、
前記流量制御部は、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記吸気スロットルバルブを閉じる方向に駆動させる前記指令値を前記吸気スロットルバルブに出力することにより、前記内燃機関側吸気通路を通過する前記吸気ガスの流量を減少させる、
請求項4から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記内燃機関本体において噴射される燃料噴射量が、所定量未満になった場合に所定量以上になるように、前記燃料噴射量を調整する燃料噴射量制御部
を備える請求項1に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記状態遷移判定部は、
前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した後、前記サージを回避する制御の終了条件を示すサージ回避制御終了条件を満たすか否かを判定し、
前記流量制御部は、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記サージ回避制御終了条件を満たすと判定した場合、前記排気タービン過給機のタービンに供給される排気ガスの流量に対する制御を通常の制御に切り替える、
請求項1に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記サージ回避制御終了条件は、再加速が行われた否かを示す条件である、
請求項11に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 前記サージ回避制御終了条件は、所定のサージ回避制御時間が経過したか否かを示す条件であり、
前記流量制御部は、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した後に、前記所定のサージ回避制御時間が経過して前記サージ回避制御終了条件を満たすと判定した場合、前記排気タービン過給機のタービンに供給される排気ガスの流量の制御に対して直前に用いた指令値が前記通常の制御が行われる際の指令値に近づくように、前記直前に用いた指令値を予め定められる変化率で変化させた指令値を、前記排気タービン過給機のタービンに供給される排気ガスの流量の制御に適用する、
請求項11に記載のサージ回避制御装置。 - 内燃機関本体と、排気タービン過給機とを備える内燃機関に対して、前記排気タービン過給機において発生するサージを回避する制御を行うサージ回避制御装置であって、
前記内燃機関本体の状態が、前記排気タービン過給機においてサージが発生すると推定される所定の減速状態に状態遷移したか否かを判定する状態遷移判定部と、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記内燃機関本体において噴射される燃料噴射量が、所定量未満になった場合に所定量以上になるように、前記燃料噴射量を調整する燃料噴射量制御部と、
を備えるサージ回避制御装置。 - 内燃機関本体と、排気タービン過給機とを有する内燃機関と、
前記排気タービン過給機において発生するサージを回避する制御を行うサージ回避制御装置と、を備える内燃機関システムであって、
前記サージ回避制御装置は、
前記内燃機関本体の状態が、前記排気タービン過給機においてサージが発生すると推定される所定の減速状態に状態遷移したか否かを判定する状態遷移判定部と、
前記状態遷移判定部が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記排気タービン過給機のタービンに供給される排気ガスの流量が、前記タービンの回転速度を低下させる流量になるようにする流量制御部と、
を備える内燃機関システム。 - 内燃機関本体と、排気タービン過給機とを備える内燃機関に対して、前記排気タービン過給機において発生するサージを回避する制御を行うサージ回避制御方法であって、
前記内燃機関本体の状態が、前記排気タービン過給機においてサージが発生すると推定される所定の減速状態に状態遷移したか否かを判定する状態遷移判定ステップと、
前記状態遷移判定ステップによって前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定された場合、前記排気タービン過給機のタービンに供給される排気ガスの流量が、前記タービンの回転速度を低下させる流量になるようにする流量制御ステップと、
を含むサージ回避制御方法。 - 内燃機関本体と、排気タービン過給機とを備える内燃機関に対して、前記排気タービン過給機において発生するサージを回避する制御を行うコンピュータを、
前記内燃機関本体の状態が、前記排気タービン過給機においてサージが発生すると推定される所定の減速状態に状態遷移したか否かを判定する状態遷移判定手段、
前記状態遷移判定手段が前記所定の減速状態に遷移したと判定した場合、前記排気タービン過給機のタービンに供給される排気ガスの流量が、前記タービンの回転速度を低下させる流量になるようにする流量制御手段、
として機能させるためのプログラム。
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| JP2014163320A (ja) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-09-08 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 制御装置 |
| JP2015129510A (ja) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-07-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 過給システムの制御装置 |
| WO2020183703A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-09-17 | 三菱重工エンジン&ターボチャージャ株式会社 | サージング抑制装置、排気タービン式の過給機およびサージング抑制方法 |
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| DE112024000499T5 (de) | 2025-11-13 |
| JP2024126837A (ja) | 2024-09-20 |
| CN120752421A (zh) | 2025-10-03 |
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