WO2024171676A1 - 燃焼システム及びボイラシステム並びに燃焼システムの運転方法 - Google Patents
燃焼システム及びボイラシステム並びに燃焼システムの運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024171676A1 WO2024171676A1 PCT/JP2024/000697 JP2024000697W WO2024171676A1 WO 2024171676 A1 WO2024171676 A1 WO 2024171676A1 JP 2024000697 W JP2024000697 W JP 2024000697W WO 2024171676 A1 WO2024171676 A1 WO 2024171676A1
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- ammonia
- combustion gas
- fuel
- combustion
- fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
- F23C1/04—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air lump and gaseous fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
- F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a combustion system, a boiler system, and a method for operating the combustion system.
- Large boilers such as power generation boilers, have a hollow furnace that is installed vertically, with multiple burners arranged around the periphery of the furnace on the furnace wall. Large boilers also have a flue connected vertically above the furnace, with a heat exchanger arranged in this flue to generate steam. The burner then injects a mixture of fuel and air (oxidizing gas) into the furnace to form a flame, generating combustion gas that flows into the flue.
- a heat exchanger is installed in the area where the combustion gas flows, and superheated steam is generated by heating the water and steam flowing inside the heat transfer tubes that make up the heat exchanger.
- Patent Document 1 a technology that uses ammonia fuel instead of coal fuel as fuel to generate steam in a boiler has been proposed as an effective technology for decarbonization (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the boiler disclosed in Patent Document 1 supplies ammonia fuel to a burner from an ammonia supply means, supplies coal fuel to the burner from a coal supply means, and co-burns both ammonia fuel and coal fuel in the boiler furnace.
- ammonia fuel When ammonia fuel is supplied from the ammonia supply means to the burner, it may be necessary to properly discharge the ammonia fuel remaining inside the ammonia supply means, for example, when stopping the combustion of the ammonia fuel in the boiler.
- a method of pushing the ammonia fuel out using a purge gas (e.g., nitrogen gas) and discharging it to a recovery facility is conceivable.
- a device When disposing of the ammonia fuel discharged to the recovery facility, a device is required to render it harmless. It is also possible to reuse the ammonia fuel discharged to the recovery facility, but this requires processing such as removing the nitrogen gas mixed with the ammonia fuel, and providing the necessary equipment for reuse could complicate the system.
- the combustion gas generated in the boiler contains NOx. Therefore, in order to release the combustion gas to the outside, it is necessary to treat the NOx contained in the combustion gas. Therefore, in general, a denitration device for treating NOx is provided in the boiler.
- a denitration device for treating NOx is provided in the boiler.
- a conventional fuel e.g., coal, etc.
- the denitration device when modifying the boiler, but if the denitration device is modified to improve its denitration performance, the modified denitration device may become large-scale and complicated.
- a denitration method that does not use a denitration device for example, a method of injecting a reducing agent introduced from outside into the combustion gas in the furnace can be considered, but this method has the possibility of complicating the system by providing a device for supplying the reducing agent from outside, etc.
- the amount of NOx contained in the combustion gas generated in the boiler tends to be large, and this problem is particularly noticeable.
- This disclosure has been made in consideration of these circumstances, and aims to provide a combustion system, a boiler system, and an operating method for the combustion system that can appropriately reuse ammonia discharged from a fuel supply system with a simple structure.
- a combustion system includes a burner that burns ammonia to form a flame in a furnace, a combustion gas circulation section through which combustion gas generated in the furnace flows, an ammonia fuel supply system that supplies ammonia to the burner as fuel, a purge gas supply section that supplies ammonia fuel supply system with a purge gas that discharges ammonia from the ammonia fuel supply system, and an ammonia supply section that supplies the ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system to the inside of the combustion gas circulation section.
- the method of operating a combustion system includes a burner that burns ammonia to form a flame in a furnace, a combustion gas flow section through which combustion gas generated in the furnace flows, an ammonia fuel supply system that supplies ammonia to the burner as fuel, and a purge gas supply section that supplies a purge gas to the ammonia fuel supply system to discharge ammonia from the ammonia fuel supply system, and includes an ammonia supply process that supplies ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system to the inside of the combustion gas flow section.
- ammonia discharged from a fuel supply system can be appropriately reused with a simple structure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a boiler according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fuel supply system in a boiler system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a control device in a boiler system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change per unit time in the ammonia input amount, the NOx amount at the denitration device inlet, and the ammonia amount at the denitration device inlet in the boiler system according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fuel supply system in a boiler system according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the boiler of this embodiment that uses solid fuel as the main fuel.
- the boiler 10 of this embodiment is a boiler that can burn pulverized fuel made by pulverizing solid fuel and ammonia fuel containing ammonia using a burner, and exchange the heat generated by this combustion with feed water or steam to generate superheated steam.
- the boiler 10 is an ammonia co-firing boiler.
- the boiler 10 may be, for example, a high ammonia co-firing boiler in which the proportion of ammonia is high.
- a high ammonia co-firing boiler is a boiler in which the proportion of ammonia fuel to the total fuel is 20% or more. Biomass fuel, coal, etc. are used as the solid fuel.
- the boiler 10 has a furnace 11, a combustion device 20, and a combustion gas passage 12.
- the furnace 11 has a hollow rectangular cylinder shape and is installed vertically.
- the furnace wall 101 that forms the inner wall surface of the furnace 11 is composed of multiple heat transfer tubes and fins that connect the heat transfer tubes to each other, and recovers the heat generated by the combustion of the pulverized fuel and ammonia fuel by heat exchange with the water and steam flowing inside the heat transfer tube, while suppressing the temperature rise of the furnace wall 101.
- the combustion device 20 is installed in the lower region of the furnace 11.
- the combustion device 20 has multiple burners 21A, 21B, 21C, and 21D (hereinafter, may be collectively referred to as "burners 21") attached to the furnace wall 101.
- the burners 21 are arranged in multiple vertical rows, with each set consisting of burners arranged at equal intervals around the periphery of the furnace 11 (for example, four burners installed at each corner of the rectangular furnace 11). For convenience of illustration, only two burners from one set are shown in FIG. 1, and each set is denoted by the reference numerals 21A, 21B, 21C, and 21D.
- the shape of the furnace, the number of burner rows, the number of burners in one row, the arrangement of the burners, and the like are not limited to this embodiment.
- Burners 21A, 21B, 21C, and 21D are connected to a number of fuel supply units 31A, 31B, 31C, and 31D (hereinafter, sometimes collectively referred to as “fuel supply units 31") via a number of fuel supply pipes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D (hereinafter, sometimes collectively referred to as "fuel supply pipes 22").
- the fuel supply units 31A, 31B, and 31C are, for example, vertical roller mills in which a grinding table (not shown) is supported inside so that it can be driven and rotated, and a number of grinding rollers (not shown) are supported above the grinding table so that they can rotate in conjunction with the rotation of the grinding table.
- the solid fuel that is ground by the cooperation of the grinding rollers and the grinding table is transported to a classifier (not shown) provided in the fuel supply units 31A, 31B, and 31C by primary air (carrier gas, oxidizing gas) supplied to the fuel supply units 31A, 31B, and 31C.
- the fuel is classified into fine pulverized fuel having a particle size equal to or smaller than that suitable for combustion in the burners 21A, 21B, and 21C, and coarse pulverized fuel having a particle size larger than that.
- the fine pulverized fuel passes through the classifier and is supplied to the burners 21A, 21B, and 21C together with the primary air via the fuel supply pipes 22A, 22B, and 22C.
- Coarse fuel particles that do not pass through the classifier fall onto the grinding table under their own weight inside the fuel supply units 31A, 31B, and 31C and are re-ground.
- the fuel supply unit 31D is a device that supplies ammonia fuel containing ammonia to the burner 21D.
- the ammonia fuel is supplied to the burner 21D via the fuel supply pipe 22D.
- the supply of ammonia fuel, including the fuel supply unit 31D and the fuel supply pipe 22D, will be described later.
- the boiler 10 burns ammonia fuel (first fuel) with the burner (first burner) 21D, and pulverized fuel (second fuel) with the burners (second burners) 21A, 21B, and 21C to generate steam.
- first fuel ammonia fuel
- second fuel pulverized fuel
- the number and arrangement of the first and second burners are not limited to the form shown in FIG. 1.
- the fuel supply unit 31D and the fuel supply pipe 22D are an ammonia fuel supply system (first fuel supply system) that supplies ammonia fuel to the burner 21D.
- the fuel supply units 31A, 31B, and 31C and the fuel supply pipes 22A, 22B, and 22C are a pulverized fuel supply system (second fuel supply system) that supplies pulverized fuel to the burners 21A, 21B, and 21C.
- An air register 23 is provided on the outside of the furnace 11 at the installation position of the burner 21, and one end of an air duct 24 is connected to the air register 23.
- a forced draft fan (FDF: Forced Draft Fan) 32 is connected to the other end of the air duct 24.
- the air supplied from the forced draft fan 32 is heated by an air preheater 42 installed in the air duct 24 (details will be described later), and is supplied to the burner 21 via the air register 23 as secondary air (combustion air, oxidizing gas) and is introduced into the furnace 11.
- the combustion gas passage 12 is connected to the vertical upper part of the furnace 11.
- the combustion gas passage 12 is provided with a superheater 102, a reheater 103, and a coal economizer 104 as heat exchangers for recovering heat from the combustion gas, and heat is exchanged between the combustion gas generated in the furnace 11 and the feed water and steam flowing inside each heat exchanger.
- the arrangement and shape of each heat exchanger are not limited to the form shown in FIG. 1.
- a flue 13 Connected to the downstream side of the combustion gas passage 12 is a flue 13 through which the combustion gas that has had its heat recovered by the heat exchanger is discharged.
- An air preheater (air heater) 42 is provided between the flue 13 and the air duct 24, and heat is exchanged between the air flowing through the air duct 24 and the combustion gas flowing through the flue 13, and the primary air supplied to the fuel supply units 31A, 31B, and 31C and the secondary air supplied to the burner 21 are heated, thereby recovering further heat from the combustion gas after heat exchange with water and steam.
- a denitration device 43 may be provided in the flue 13 at a position upstream of the air preheater 42.
- the denitration device 43 supplies a reducing agent having an effect of reducing nitrogen oxides, such as ammonia or urea water, to the combustion gas flowing through the flue 13, and promotes a reaction between the nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the combustion gas to which the reducing agent has been supplied and the reducing agent by the catalytic action of a denitration catalyst provided in the denitration device 43, thereby removing and reducing the nitrogen oxides in the combustion gas.
- a gas duct 41 is connected to the flue 13 downstream of the air preheater 42.
- the gas duct 41 is provided with environmental equipment such as a dust collector 44 such as an electric dust collector for removing ash and the like from the combustion gas, a desulfurization equipment 46 for removing sulfur oxides, and an induced draft fan (IDF) 45 for directing the exhaust gas to these environmental equipment.
- environmental equipment such as a dust collector 44 such as an electric dust collector for removing ash and the like from the combustion gas, a desulfurization equipment 46 for removing sulfur oxides, and an induced draft fan (IDF) 45 for directing the exhaust gas to these environmental equipment.
- the downstream end of the gas duct 41 is connected to a chimney 47, and the combustion gas treated in the environmental equipment is discharged to the outside of the system as exhaust gas.
- pulverized and classified pulverized fuel is supplied to the burner 21 together with the primary air via the fuel supply pipe 22 (22A, 22B, 22C). Secondary air heated by the air preheater 42 is supplied to the burner 21 from the air duct 24 through the wind box 23.
- the burner 21 (21A, 21B, 22C) blows a pulverized fuel mixture, which is a mixture of the pulverized fuel and the primary air, into the furnace 11, and also blows secondary air into the furnace 11.
- the pulverized fuel mixture blown into the furnace 11 ignites and reacts with the secondary air to form a pulverized fuel flame.
- ammonia fuel is supplied from the fuel supply unit 31D through the fuel supply pipe 22D to the burner 21D.
- Secondary air heated in the air preheater 42 is supplied to the burner 21D from the air duct 24 through the wind box 23.
- the burner 21D blows the ammonia fuel into the furnace 11 and also blows the secondary air into the furnace 11.
- the ammonia fuel blown into the furnace 11 reacts with the secondary air to form a flame of the ammonia fuel.
- a flame of the pulverized fuel and ammonia fuel is formed in a lower region in the furnace 11, and high-temperature combustion gas rises in the furnace 11 and flows into the combustion gas passage 12.
- air is used as the oxidizing gas (primary air, secondary air), but the oxidizing gas may have a higher or lower oxygen ratio than air, and stable combustion in the furnace 11 is achieved by adjusting the ratio of the amount of oxygen to the amount of fuel supplied within an appropriate range.
- additional air ports ((air supply section)) 25 are provided for supplying additional air for combustion (AA) into the furnace 11.
- the additional air ports 25 are connected to the ends of additional air ducts 26 branching off from the air duct 24, and a portion of the air supplied from the forced draft fan 32 can be supplied to the additional air ports 25 via the additional air ducts 26 as additional air for combustion.
- region A (corresponding to the installation range of the wind box 23 in the height direction) inside the furnace 11 shown in FIG. 1, a flame is formed by the combustion of a mixture of primary air and pulverized fuel with secondary air.
- the air ratio in region A is set to be 1 or less, specifically, the amount of air (the total amount of primary air and secondary air) supplied to the burner 21 is set to be less than the theoretical amount of air for the amount of fuel supplied to the burner 21, so that region A and region B (region between the top of the burner 21 and the bottom of the additional air port 25) inside the furnace 11 become reducing atmospheres, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated by combustion are reduced inside the furnace 11.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- region C region above the bottom of the additional air port 25
- additional combustion air is supplied from the additional air port 25 to the combustion gas in which NOx has been reduced, and the combustion is completed, but the amount of NOx generated is reduced by the amount of the reduction effect in region A and region B.
- An ammonia nozzle 51 which will be described later, is provided downstream of the region C.
- the combustion gas that flows into the combustion gas passage 12 exchanges heat with water and steam in the superheater 102, reheater 103, and economizer 104 arranged inside the combustion gas passage 12, and is then discharged into the flue 13, where nitrogen oxides are removed in the denitration device 43, and the gas exchanges heat with primary and secondary air in the air preheater 42, before being further discharged into the gas duct 41, where ash and other particles are removed in the dust collector 44, and sulfur oxides are removed in the desulfurization device 46, before being discharged from the chimney 47 to the outside of the system.
- the arrangement of each heat exchanger in the combustion gas passage 12 and each device from the flue 13 to the gas duct 41 does not necessarily have to be in the order described above with respect to the combustion gas flow.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the ammonia fuel supply system 210 and the ammonia supply system 220 in the boiler system 100 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the boiler system 100 according to this embodiment includes the ammonia fuel supply system 210, the ammonia supply system 220, and a control device 200 (see FIG. 3).
- the boiler system 100 according to this embodiment supplies gaseous ammonia fuel (a combustible material that contains ammonia as a component and is supplied in a gaseous state to the burner 21D.
- ammonia gas gaseous ammonia fuel
- the ammonia fuel supply system 210 is a system that supplies ammonia fuel containing ammonia (in this embodiment, ammonia gas) to the burner 21D.
- the ammonia fuel supply system 210 corresponds to the fuel supply unit 31D shown in FIG. 1.
- the ammonia fuel supply system 210 includes an ammonia fuel tank 211, a pump 212, a heater 213, an on-off valve 214, a control valve 215, and a burner valve 27. Each of these devices is controlled by the control device 200.
- the ammonia fuel tank 211 is a container for storing ammonia gas supplied from an ammonia fuel supply source.
- the ammonia gas stored in the ammonia fuel tank 211 is supplied to the heater 213 by a pump 212.
- the heater 213 heats the ammonia gas to a temperature suitable for combustion in the burner 21D.
- the ammonia gas heated by the heater 213 is supplied to the burner 21D via the fuel supply line 210a.
- the boiler 10 burns the ammonia fuel supplied as ammonia gas by the burner 21D to generate steam. Note that the heater 213 may be omitted depending on the properties of the ammonia fuel used. Alternatively, liquid ammonia fuel may be supplied from the ammonia fuel supply source.
- liquid ammonia fuel is stored in the ammonia fuel tank 211, and is supplied to the heater 213 by the pump 212.
- the liquid ammonia fuel is heated in the heater 213 to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and is supplied to the burner 21D.
- the fuel supply line 210a is provided with an on-off valve 214, a control valve 215, and a burner valve 27.
- the on-off valve 214 is a device that opens when ammonia gas is supplied to one or more of the multiple burners 21D, and closes when ammonia gas is not supplied to any of the burners 21D.
- the control valve 215 is a device for adjusting the amount of ammonia gas supplied to the burner 21D when the on-off valve 214 is open.
- the burner valve 27 is provided in each burner 21D, and opens when ammonia gas is supplied to that burner 21D, and closes when ammonia gas is not supplied to that burner 21D.
- the fuel supply line 210a connects the ammonia fuel tank 211 and the boiler 10 (more specifically, the burner 21D).
- the fuel supply line 210a branches into a circulation line 210b downstream of the control valve 215.
- the circulation line 210b connects the fuel supply line 210a and the ammonia fuel tank 211.
- the circulation line 210b guides a portion of the ammonia gas flowing through the fuel supply line 210a to the ammonia fuel tank 211.
- the circulation line 210b is provided with an on-off valve 216.
- the on-off valve 216 is a device that is in an open state when ammonia gas is circulated to the ammonia fuel tank 211 and is in a closed state when ammonia gas is not circulated to the ammonia fuel tank 211.
- the circulation line 210b is used to suppress a pressure drop when the burner 21D is ignited, etc.
- the circulation line 210b may be omitted.
- a cooler (not shown) is provided in the circulation line 210b to re-liquefy the gaseous ammonia fuel.
- the boiler system 100 includes a purge gas line 221 that supplies purge gas (e.g., nitrogen) to the ammonia fuel supply system 210.
- the purge gas line 221 is circulated with purge gas supplied from a purge gas supply source.
- a purge gas valve 221a is provided on the purge gas line 221.
- the downstream end of the purge gas line 221 is connected to the ammonia fuel supply system 210.
- the downstream end of the purge gas line 221 is connected to the fuel supply line 210a.
- the location to which the downstream end of the purge gas line 221 is connected is not limited to the fuel supply line 210a.
- the downstream end of the purge gas line 221 may be connected to the ammonia fuel tank 211. Also, it may be connected to both the fuel supply line 210a and the ammonia fuel tank 211.
- the ammonia supply system 220 is a system that guides the ammonia gas supplied to the ammonia fuel supply system 210 through the ammonia recovery tank 226 to the combustion gas passage 12 of the boiler 10, thereby reducing the NOx contained in the combustion gas.
- the ammonia supply system 220 has a first vent line 222 connected to the ammonia fuel tank 211, a second vent line 223 connected between the heater 213 and the on-off valve 214 of the fuel supply line 210a, a third vent line 224 connected to a portion of the fuel supply line 210a downstream of the branch point of the circulation line 210b, and a fourth vent line 225 connected to the circulation line 210b.
- the first vent line 222 is provided with a first vent valve 222a.
- the second vent line 223 is provided with a second vent valve 223a.
- the third vent line 224 is provided with a third vent valve 224a.
- the fourth vent line 225 is provided with a fourth vent valve 225a.
- the downstream ends of the first vent line 222, the second vent line 223, the third vent line 224, and the fourth vent line 225 are connected to an ammonia discharge line 227.
- the ammonia discharge line 227 guides the ammonia discharged by the purge gas from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 to the ammonia recovery tank 226.
- a mixed gas of ammonia gas and the purge gas flows through the ammonia discharge line 227.
- a control valve 227a is provided in the ammonia discharge line 227.
- the ammonia recovery tank 226 stores a mixed gas of ammonia gas and purge gas.
- An ammonia supply line 228 is connected to the ammonia recovery tank 226.
- the ammonia supply line 228 guides the mixed gas of ammonia gas and purge gas stored in the ammonia recovery tank 226 to the boiler 10. More specifically, the ammonia supply line 228 guides the mixed gas of ammonia gas and purge gas stored in the ammonia recovery tank 226 to the ammonia nozzles 51 (see FIG. 1) provided in the boiler 10. That is, the ammonia supply line 228 branches midway, and each downstream end is connected to a corresponding ammonia nozzle 51 among the multiple ammonia nozzles 51.
- the ammonia supply line 228 is provided with a fan 228a, a flow sensor 228b, an on-off valve 228d, and a control valve 228c in this order from the upstream side.
- the fan 228a, the flow sensor 228b, the control valve 228c, and the on-off valve 228d are controlled by the control device 200.
- the fan 228a rotates to circulate the mixed gas in the ammonia supply line 228.
- the flow sensor 228b measures the flow rate of the mixed gas flowing in the ammonia supply line 228.
- the control valve 228c adjusts the opening to adjust the flow rate of the mixed gas (mixed gas of ammonia and purge gas) flowing in the ammonia supply line 228. In other words, the control valve 228c adjusts the opening to adjust the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia nozzle 51 to the combustion gas passage 12 of the boiler 10.
- a plurality of ammonia nozzles 51 are provided in the boiler 10.
- the ammonia nozzles 51 inject ammonia gas into the combustion gas flowing through the combustion gas passage 12.
- the ammonia nozzles 51 preferably inject ammonia gas into the combustion gas in a temperature range (e.g., about 1000° C.) where the reduction reaction of NOx by ammonia is activated.
- the ammonia nozzle 51 is provided downstream of the additional air port 25.
- the ammonia nozzle 51 is provided upstream of the superheater 102 or downstream of the superheater 102 and upstream of the reheater 103.
- the multiple ammonia nozzles 51 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the direction in which the combustion gas flows, and are arranged side by side at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the direction in which the combustion gas flows.
- the positions and number of the ammonia nozzles 51 are not limited to those shown in FIG. 1, and are determined depending on the size of the combustion gas passage 12 and the distribution of the combustion gas temperature.
- the ammonia nozzle 51 injects ammonia gas into the combustion gas to denitrify the combustion gas. Specifically, the ammonia nozzle 51 injects ammonia gas into the combustion gas to reduce the NOx contained in the combustion gas.
- the purge gas valve 221a is controlled by the control device 200 to be in an open state when the supply of ammonia gas from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 to the burner 21D is stopped (at that time, the on-off valve 214 and the burner valves 27 of all burners 21D are closed) and ammonia gas is discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system 210. This supplies purge gas to the ammonia fuel supply system 210.
- the ammonia supply system 220 is controlled by the control device 200 to open the first vent valve 222a, the second vent valve 223a, the third vent valve 224a, and the fourth vent valve 225a, respectively, when ammonia gas is discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system 210.
- the ammonia supply system 220 is controlled by the control device 200 to supply purge gas to the fuel supply line 210a via the purge gas line 221 and discharge the ammonia gas remaining in the ammonia fuel supply system 210 to the ammonia recovery tank 226 via the ammonia discharge line 227.
- the ammonia supply system 220 supplies a mixture of ammonia gas and purge gas stored in the ammonia recovery tank 226 to the ammonia nozzle 51 of the boiler 10 via the ammonia supply line 228, and is controlled by the control device 200 to inject ammonia gas (mixed gas) from the ammonia nozzle 51 into the combustion gas passage 12.
- the boiler system 100 is provided with a NOx detection unit 52 and an ammonia detection unit 53 downstream of the economizer 104 and upstream of the denitration device 43.
- the NOx detection unit 52 detects the amount of NOx contained in the combustion gas flowing between the economizer 104 and the denitration device 43 (hereinafter referred to as the "denitration device inlet NOx amount").
- the ammonia detection unit 53 detects the amount of ammonia contained in the combustion gas flowing between the economizer 104 and the denitration device 43 (hereinafter referred to as the "denitration device inlet ammonia amount").
- the NOx detection unit 52 and the ammonia detection unit 53 transmit the detected information to the control device 200.
- the control device 200 controls various devices such as valves and pumps provided in the boiler system 100 .
- the control device 200 also has an ammonia control unit 202.
- the ammonia control unit 202 adjusts the opening degree of the control valve 228c of the ammonia supply line 228 based on the amount of NOx at the denitration device inlet detected by the NOx detection unit 52 and the amount of ammonia at the denitration device inlet detected by the ammonia detection unit 53, thereby controlling the amount of ammonia introduced from the ammonia nozzle 51.
- the control device 200 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit: Processor), a main memory, a secondary storage, etc. Furthermore, the control device 200 may include a communication unit for transmitting and receiving information to and from other devices.
- the main storage device is composed of writable memory such as cache memory and RAM (Random Access Memory), and is used as a working area for reading execution programs of the CPU and writing processing data by the execution programs.
- the secondary storage device is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, such as a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, or a semiconductor memory.
- a series of processes for realizing various functions is stored in a secondary storage device in the form of a program, and the CPU reads this program into the main storage device and executes information processing and arithmetic processing to realize various functions.
- the program may be pre-installed in the secondary storage device, provided in a state stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or distributed via wired or wireless communication means.
- Examples of computer-readable storage media include magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and semiconductor memories.
- the boiler system 100 is controlled so that the amount of NOx at the denitration device inlet detected by the NOx detection unit 52 becomes the first set value N1 (before time T1) by adjusting the burner angle, AA angle, AA damper opening, etc.
- the amount of ammonia injected increases as the opening of the control valve 228c increases, and the amount of NOx at the denitration device inlet decreases from the first set value N1 (from time T1 to time T2).
- the ammonia control unit 202 fixes the opening degree of the control valve 228c (time T2). This maintains the amount of NOx at the inlet of the denitration device at the second set value N2.
- the ammonia control unit 202 determines that ammonia is being excessively introduced, and reduces the opening of the control valve 228c to reduce the amount of ammonia gas introduced (time T4).
- the ammonia control unit 202 maintains the opening of the control valve 228c. This maintains the amount of NOx at the denitration device inlet at the second set value N2.
- the ammonia control unit 202 increases the opening of the control valve 228c to increase the amount of ammonia gas fed.
- the ammonia control unit 202 maintains the opening of the control valve 228c. This maintains the amount of NOx at the denitration device inlet at the second set value N2.
- an ammonia supply system 220 (particularly an ammonia nozzle 51) is provided that supplies ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 by the purge gas to the inside of the combustion gas passage 12 of the boiler 10.
- the ammonia can be decomposed into nitrogen and water by reacting the combustion gas with the ammonia.
- the ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 is used as a reducing agent for denitrifying the combustion gas, the amount of reducing agent used in the boiler system 100 can be reduced compared to when the discharged ammonia is not used (when a reducing agent is supplied separately from the outside). This allows for a reduction in running costs.
- a separate device for supplying reducing agent from the outside can be made smaller or not required, the structure of the boiler system 100 can be simplified. This allows for a reduction in initial costs.
- the ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 is decomposed into nitrogen and water by reacting with the combustion gas, no separate solution or the like is used to decompose the ammonia. Therefore, compared to using a separate solution or the like to decompose the ammonia, the running costs can be reduced. Also, since the device for decomposing the separately discharged ammonia can be made smaller or not installed, the structure of the boiler system 100 can be simplified. Therefore, the initial costs can be reduced.
- the ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 can be appropriately reused with a simple structure. Therefore, costs can be reduced.
- the supply of air from the additional air port 25 completes the combustion of fuel in the furnace 11. Therefore, in the space downstream of the additional air port 25, the oxygen in the air fed into the furnace 11 is consumed, and the oxygen concentration is reduced.
- the ammonia supply system 220 (particularly the ammonia nozzle 51) supplies ammonia discharged by the purge gas from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 downstream of the additional air port 25. Therefore, ammonia can be supplied to a space with a low oxygen concentration, so that NOx contained in the combustion gas can be reduced more effectively.
- the space upstream of the reheater 103 and the economizer 104 has a higher combustion gas temperature than the space downstream of the reheater 103 and the economizer 104.
- the ammonia supply system 220 (particularly the ammonia nozzle 51) supplies ammonia discharged by the purge gas from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 to the upstream side of the reheater 103 and the economizer 104. This makes it possible to supply ammonia to a space where the temperature of the circulating combustion gas is high (for example, a space where the temperature of the combustion gas is about 1000°C), so that the NOx contained in the combustion gas can be reduced more effectively.
- the concentration of ammonia contained in the fluid (mixed fluid, which is a mixture of purge gas and ammonia) discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 by the purge gas is not constant. Therefore, even if a constant amount of mixed fluid is supplied to the combustion gas passage 12 by the ammonia supply system 220 (particularly the ammonia nozzle 51), the amount of ammonia supplied to the combustion gas passage 12 is not constant. Therefore, there is a possibility that the amount of ammonia supplied to the combustion gas passage 12 may be too much or too little. In particular, if the amount of ammonia supplied to the combustion gas passage 12 is too much, ammonia may remain in the combustion gas, and problems such as the generation of ammonium sulfate in the device arranged downstream may occur. In particular, there is a possibility that the air preheater 42 may become clogged.
- this embodiment is provided with a control device 200 that controls the control valve 228c of the ammonia supply line 228 based on the information detected by the NOx detection unit 52.
- This makes it possible to set the amount of ammonia supplied to the inside of the combustion gas passage 12 based on the amount of nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion gas. Therefore, for example, when the control device 200 controls the control valve 228c so that the amount of nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion gas is within a predetermined range, an appropriate amount of ammonia can be supplied to the inside of the combustion gas passage 12.
- this embodiment includes a control device 200 that controls the control valve 228c of the ammonia supply line 228 based on the information detected by the ammonia detection unit 53.
- This allows the amount of ammonia supplied to the inside of the combustion gas passage 12 to be based on the amount of ammonia contained in the combustion gas. Therefore, for example, when the control device 200 controls the control valve 228c so that the amount of ammonia contained in the combustion gas is within a predetermined range, an appropriate amount of ammonia can be supplied to the inside of the combustion gas passage 12.
- the predetermined range may be, for example, a range of ammonia amounts that does not generate ammonium sulfate in a device arranged downstream.
- fluctuations in the amount of ammonia supplied to the combustion gas passage 12 could cause fluctuations in the amount of NOx at the inlet to the denitration device. This could cause the operation of the denitration device to become unstable, and could also cause fluctuations in the amount of NOx at the outlet of the denitration device.
- the amount of NOx at the inlet to the denitration device is controlled to a predetermined amount. This makes it possible to stabilize the amount of NOx at the inlet to the denitration device, which in turn stabilizes the operation of the denitration device and suppresses fluctuations in the amount of NOx at the outlet of the denitration device.
- the ammonia fuel supply system 210 of the boiler system 100A supplies liquid ammonia (a combustible substance that contains ammonia as a component and is supplied in a liquid state to the burner 21D.
- ammonia liquid a combustible substance that contains ammonia as a component and is supplied in a liquid state to the burner 21D.
- ammonia liquid a combustible substance that contains ammonia as a component and is supplied in a liquid state
- the boiler system 100A includes an ammonia supply system 220A.
- the ammonia supply system 220A includes an ammonia recovery tank 226A that stores an ammonia liquid.
- the ammonia supply system 220A also includes a first drain line 222A connected to the ammonia fuel tank 211, a second drain line 223A connected between the heater 213 and the on-off valve 214 of the fuel supply line 210a, a third drain line 224A connected downstream of the branch point of the circulation line 210b of the fuel supply line 210a, and a fourth drain line 225A connected to the circulation line 210b.
- the first drain line 222A is provided with a first drain valve 222aA.
- the second drain line 223A is provided with a second drain valve 223aA.
- the third drain line 224A is provided with a third drain valve 224aA.
- the fourth drain line 225A is provided with a fourth drain valve 225aA.
- the downstream ends of the first drain line 222A, the second drain line 223A, the third drain line 224A, and the fourth drain line 225A are connected to the ammonia discharge line 227A.
- the ammonia discharge line 227A guides the ammonia discharged by the purge gas from the ammonia fuel supply system 210 to the ammonia recovery tank 226A.
- a mixed two-phase flow of ammonia liquid and purge gas flows through the ammonia discharge line 227A.
- the ammonia recovery tank 226A is supplied with a mixed two-phase flow of ammonia liquid and purge gas. In the ammonia recovery tank 226A, the ammonia liquid and the purge gas are separated, and the separated purge gas is discharged outside the system.
- An ammonia supply line 228A is connected to the ammonia recovery tank 226A. The ammonia supply line 228A guides the ammonia liquid that has been separated from the purge gas in the ammonia recovery tank 226A and stored therein to the ammonia nozzle 51.
- the ammonia supply line 228A is provided with a pump 228aA and a control valve 228bA in that order from the upstream side.
- the pump 228aA and the control valve 228bA are controlled by the control device 200.
- the pump 228aA is driven to rotate, thereby circulating ammonia liquid in the ammonia supply line 228.
- the control valve 228bA adjusts the flow rate of the ammonia liquid flowing in the ammonia supply line 228 by adjusting its opening. In other words, the control valve 228bA adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia nozzle 51 into the combustion gas passage 12 of the boiler 10 by adjusting its opening.
- the arrangement of the ammonia nozzle 51 and the control performed by the control device 200 are the same as in the first embodiment, so a description will be omitted.
- the boiler system 100A in which ammonia liquid is supplied as fuel to the boiler 10 as in this embodiment also provides the same effects as those of the first embodiment.
- the boiler of the present disclosure has been described as a boiler that burns a mixture of solid fuel and ammonia fuel as fuel.
- the solid fuel used in the boiler may be coal, biomass fuel, petroleum coke (PC) fuel, petroleum residue, or the like.
- the fuel for the boiler is not limited to solid fuels, and can also be liquid fuels such as petroleum such as heavy oil, light oil, and heavy oil, and industrial wastewater.
- gaseous fuels such as natural gas, various petroleum gases, by-product gases generated in the steelmaking process, and hydrogen gas can also be used.
- the present invention can be applied to a multi-fuel boiler that uses a combination of these various fuels, or a mono-fuel boiler that uses only ammonia fuel.
- the location where the ammonia nozzle 51 is provided is not limited to the location described above.
- it may be provided between the reheater 103 and the economizer 104. It may also be provided between the economizer 104 and the denitrification device 43.
- the combustion system, the boiler system, and the method of operating the combustion system according to the above-described embodiments can be understood, for example, as follows.
- the combustion system according to the first aspect of the present disclosure includes a burner (21D) that burns ammonia to form a flame in a furnace (11), a combustion gas circulation section (12) through which combustion gas generated in the furnace flows, an ammonia fuel supply system (210) that supplies ammonia to the burner as fuel, a purge gas supply section (221) that supplies a purge gas to the ammonia fuel supply system for discharging ammonia from the ammonia fuel supply system, and an ammonia supply section (220) that supplies the ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system to the inside of the combustion gas circulation section.
- the above-mentioned configuration includes an ammonia supply unit that supplies ammonia discharged from the fuel supply system to the inside of the combustion gas flow unit. This allows the ammonia discharged from the fuel supply system to be supplied to the combustion gas flowing inside the combustion gas flow unit. Therefore, the ammonia discharged from the fuel supply system can be reacted with the combustion gas to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the combustion gas. In other words, the combustion gas can be denitrified. Furthermore, the ammonia can be decomposed into nitrogen and water by reacting the combustion gas with the ammonia.
- ammonia discharged from the fuel supply system is used as a reducing agent for denitrifying the combustion gas
- the amount of reducing agent used in the combustion system can be reduced compared to when the discharged ammonia is not used (when a reducing agent is supplied separately from the outside). Therefore, the running costs can be reduced.
- a device for supplying a reducing agent from the outside can be made smaller or a structure that does not require it can be used, the structure of the combustion system can be simplified. Therefore, the initial costs can be reduced.
- the ammonia discharged from the fuel supply system is decomposed into nitrogen and water by reacting with the combustion gas, a separate solution for decomposing the ammonia is not used.
- the running cost can be reduced.
- a device for decomposing the discharged ammonia can be made smaller or not provided, the structure of the combustion system can be simplified. Therefore, the initial cost can be reduced.
- the above-described configuration makes it possible to appropriately reuse the ammonia discharged from the fuel supply system with a simple structure, thereby reducing costs.
- the combustion system is the first aspect described above, and includes a nitrogen oxide detection unit (52) that detects the amount of nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion gas flowing downstream of the ammonia supply unit, an adjustment unit (228c) that adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied by the ammonia supply unit to the inside of the combustion gas flow unit, and a control unit (200) that controls the adjustment unit based on the information detected by the nitrogen oxide detection unit.
- a nitrogen oxide detection unit (52) that detects the amount of nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion gas flowing downstream of the ammonia supply unit
- an adjustment unit (228c) that adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied by the ammonia supply unit to the inside of the combustion gas flow unit
- a control unit (200) that controls the adjustment unit based on the information detected by the nitrogen oxide detection unit.
- the concentration of ammonia contained in the fluid discharged from the fuel supply system by the purge gas is not constant. Therefore, even if a constant amount of mixed fluid is supplied into the combustion gas flow path by the ammonia supply unit, the amount of ammonia supplied into the combustion gas flow path is not constant. Therefore, there is a possibility that the amount of ammonia supplied into the combustion gas flow path may be too much or too little. In particular, when the amount of ammonia supplied into the combustion gas flow path becomes too much, there is a possibility that ammonia may remain in the combustion gas, and a malfunction such as the generation of ammonium sulfate may occur in a device arranged on the downstream side.
- a control unit that controls the adjustment unit based on the information detected by the nitrogen oxide detection unit. This makes it possible to adjust the amount of ammonia supplied to the inside of the combustion gas flow unit based on the amount of nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion gas. Therefore, for example, when the control unit controls the adjustment unit so that the amount of nitrogen oxides contained in the combustion gas falls within a predetermined range, an appropriate amount of ammonia can be supplied to the inside of the combustion gas flow unit.
- the nitrogen oxide detection unit may measure the amount of NOx in the combustion gas, or may estimate the amount of NOx in the combustion gas from other parameters.
- the combustion system in either the first or second aspect described above, includes an ammonia detection unit (53) that detects the amount of ammonia contained in the combustion gas flowing downstream of the ammonia supply unit, an adjustment unit (228c) that adjusts the amount of ammonia supplied to the inside of the combustion gas flow unit by the ammonia supply unit, and a control unit (200) that controls the adjustment unit based on the information detected by the ammonia detection unit.
- a control unit controls the adjustment unit based on the information detected by the ammonia detection unit.
- This allows the amount of ammonia supplied to the inside of the combustion gas flow unit to be based on the amount of ammonia contained in the combustion gas. Therefore, for example, when the control unit controls the adjustment unit so that the amount of ammonia contained in the combustion gas falls within a predetermined range, an appropriate amount of ammonia can be supplied to the inside of the combustion gas flow unit.
- the predetermined range may be, for example, a range of an amount of ammonia that does not generate ammonium sulfate in a device arranged downstream.
- the ammonia detection unit may measure the amount of ammonia in the combustion gas, or may estimate the amount of ammonia in the combustion gas from other parameters.
- the boiler system according to the first aspect of the present disclosure includes a combustion system according to any one of the first to third aspects, and a heat exchanger (102, 103, 104) provided in the combustion gas flow section (12) for recovering heat from the combustion gas.
- the boiler system according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is the first aspect described above, and includes an air supply unit (25) that is provided downstream of the burner in the combustion gas flow and supplies air into the furnace, the boiler has a heat exchanger (102, 103, 104) that is provided in the combustion gas flow section and recovers heat from the combustion gas, and the ammonia supply unit supplies ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system downstream of the air supply unit and upstream of the heat exchanger.
- the supply of air from the air supply unit intensifies the combustion of fuel in the furnace, and more air is consumed. Therefore, the space downstream of the air supply unit has a lower oxygen concentration than the space upstream of the air supply unit.
- the ammonia supply unit supplies ammonia discharged from the fuel supply system to the downstream side of the air supply unit. Therefore, ammonia can be supplied to the space with a low oxygen concentration, and NOx contained in the combustion gas can be reduced more effectively.
- the heat exchanger recovers heat, the temperature of the combustion gas is higher in the space upstream of the heat exchanger than in the space downstream of the heat exchanger.
- the ammonia supply unit supplies ammonia discharged from the fuel supply system to the upstream side of the heat exchanger. This makes it possible to supply ammonia to a space where the temperature of the circulating combustion gas is high (for example, a space where the temperature of the combustion gas is about 1000° C.), thereby more suitably reducing NOx contained in the combustion gas.
- the boiler system according to the third aspect of the present disclosure is the first or second aspect described above, and includes a denitration device that denitrifies the combustion gas, and the ammonia supply unit supplies ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system upstream of the denitration device.
- the combustion system includes a burner (21D) that burns ammonia to form a flame in a furnace (11), a combustion gas flow section (12) through which the combustion gas generated in the furnace flows, an ammonia fuel supply system (210) that supplies ammonia to the burner as fuel, and a purge gas supply section (221) that supplies a purge gas to the ammonia fuel supply system to discharge ammonia from the ammonia fuel supply system, and includes an ammonia supply process that supplies the ammonia discharged from the ammonia fuel supply system to the inside of the combustion gas flow section of the boiler.
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Abstract
Description
また、脱硝装置を用いない脱硝方法として、例えば、外部から導かれた還元剤を炉内の燃焼ガスに投入する方法なども考えられるが、この方法では外部から還元剤を供給する装置等を設けることでシステムが複雑化してしまう可能性があった。特に、上述のように、アンモニアを燃料とするボイラでは、ボイラ内で生成される燃焼ガスに含まれるNOx量が多くなる傾向にあるため、このような問題が顕著であった。
本開示の一態様に係る燃焼システムは、アンモニアを燃焼させて火炉内に火炎を形成するバーナと、前記火炉で生成された燃焼ガスが内部を流通する燃焼ガス流通部と、前記バーナへアンモニアを燃料として供給するアンモニア燃料供給系統と、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統に対して、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統からアンモニアを排出させるパージガスを供給するパージガス供給部と、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを前記燃焼ガス流通部の内部へ供給するアンモニア供給部と、を備える。
以下に、本開示に係る第1実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。なお、この実施形態により本開示が限定されるものではなく、また、実施形態が複数ある場合には、各実施形態を組み合わせて構成するものも含むものである。以降の説明で、上や上方とは鉛直方向上側を示し、下や下方とは鉛直方向下側を示すものであり、鉛直方向は厳密ではなく誤差を含むものである。
煙道13の空気予熱器42より下流側には、ガスダクト41が連結されている。ガスダクト41には、燃焼ガス中の灰などを除去する電気集じん機などの集じん装置44や硫黄酸化物を除去する脱硫装置46などの環境装置、また、それらの環境装置に排ガスを導くための誘引通風機(IDF:Induced Draft Fan)45が設けられている。ガスダクト41の下流端部は、煙突47に連結されており、環境装置で処理された燃焼ガスが、排ガスとして系外に排出される。
また、ボイラ10において、アンモニア燃料を使用する場合は、燃料供給部31Dから燃料供給管22Dを介してバーナ21Dにアンモニア燃料が供給される。また、空気予熱器42で加熱された二次空気が、風道24から風箱23を介してバーナ21Dに供給される。バーナ21Dは、アンモニア燃料を火炉11に吹き込むと共に、二次空気を火炉11に吹き込む。火炉11に吹き込まれたアンモニア燃料と二次空気が反応することで、アンモニア燃料の火炎を形成する。
火炉11内の下部領域で、微粉燃料及びアンモニア燃料の火炎が形成され、高温の燃焼ガスが火炉11内を上昇し、燃焼ガス通路12に流入する。なお、本実施形態では、酸化性ガス(一次空気、二次空気)として空気を用いるが、空気よりも酸素割合が多いものや逆に少ないものであってもよく、供給される燃料量に対する酸素量の比率を適正な範囲に調整することで、火炉11において安定した燃焼が実現される。
領域Cの下流側に後述するアンモニアノズル51が設けられている。
また、アンモニア燃料供給源からは、液体のアンモニア燃料が供給されるものとしてもよい。この場合、アンモニア燃料タンク211には液体のアンモニア燃料が貯蔵され、ポンプ212により加熱器213に供給され、加熱器213において加熱されることで、液体の状態から気体の状態となり、バーナ21Dに供給される。
第1ベントライン222には、第1ベント弁222aが設けられている。第2ベントライン223には、第2ベント弁223aが設けられている。第3ベントライン224には、第3ベント弁224aが設けられている。第4ベントライン225には、第4ベント弁225aが設けられている。
アンモニアノズル51は、アディショナル空気ポート25よりも下流側に設けられている。例えばアンモニアノズル51は、過熱器102の上流や、過熱器102の下流側であって、かつ、再熱器103の上流側に設けられている。
複数のアンモニアノズル51は、燃焼ガスが流通する方向に所定の間隔で配置されるとともに、燃焼ガスの流通方向と交差する方向に所定の間隔で並んで配置されている。アンモニアノズル51の位置や数は、図1の開示に限定されず、燃焼ガス通路12の大きさや、燃焼ガス温度の分布に応じて決定される。
また、制御装置200は、アンモニア制御部202を有している。アンモニア制御部202は、NOx検出部52が検出した脱硝装置入口NOx量とアンモニア検出部53が検出した脱硝装置入口アンモニア量に基づいて、アンモニア供給ライン228の制御弁228cの開度を調整して、アンモニアノズル51から投入されるアンモニアの量を制御する。
主記憶装置は、例えば、キャッシュメモリ、RAM(Random Access Memory)等の書き込み可能なメモリで構成され、CPUの実行プログラムの読み出し、実行プログラムによる処理データの書き込み等を行う作業領域として利用される。
二次記憶装置は、非一時的なコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体(non-transitory computer readable storage medium)である。二次記憶装置は、例えば、磁気ディスク、光磁気ディスク、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、半導体メモリなどである。
各種機能を実現するための一連の処理は、一例として、プログラムの形式で二次記憶装置に記憶されており、このプログラムをCPUが主記憶装置に読み出して、情報の加工・演算処理を実行することにより、各種機能が実現される。なお、プログラムは、二次記憶装置に予めインストールしておく形態や、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体に記憶された状態で提供される形態、有線又は無線による通信手段を介して配信される形態等が適用されてもよい。コンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体とは、磁気ディスク、光磁気ディスク、CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、半導体メモリ等である。
本実施形態では、アンモニア燃料供給系統210からパージガスによって排出されたアンモニアをボイラ10の燃焼ガス通路12の内部へ供給するアンモニア供給系統220(特にアンモニアノズル51)を備えている。これにより、燃焼ガス通路12の内部を流通する燃焼ガスに対して、アンモニア燃料供給系統210から排出されたアンモニアを供給することができる。したがって、アンモニア燃料供給系統210から排出されたアンモニアと燃焼ガスとを反応させて、燃焼ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物(NOx)を低減することができる。すなわち、燃焼ガスを脱硝することができる。また、燃焼ガスとアンモニアとを反応させることで、アンモニアを窒素と水とに分解することができる。
本開示の第2実施形態について図5を用いて説明する。
本実施形態では、以下で説明する構成が上記第1実施形態と相違している。他の構成は上記第1実施形態と同様であるので、同様の構成については同一の符号を付してその詳細な説明は省略する。
アンモニア供給系統220Aは、アンモニア液を貯留するアンモニア回収タンク226Aを備えている。また、アンモニア供給系統220Aは、アンモニア燃料タンク211に接続される第1ドレンライン222Aと、燃料供給ライン210aの加熱器213と開閉弁214との間に接続される第2ドレンライン223Aと、燃料供給ライン210aの循環ライン210bの分岐点よりも下流側に接続される第3ドレンライン224Aと、循環ライン210bに接続される第4ドレンライン225Aと、を有する。
第1ドレンライン222Aには、第1ドレン弁222aAが設けられている。第2ドレンライン223Aには、第2ドレン弁223aAが設けられている。第3ドレンライン224Aには、第3ドレン弁224aAが設けられている。第4ドレンライン225Aには、第4ドレン弁225aAが設けられている。
本実施形態のようにアンモニア液を燃料としてボイラ10に供給するボイラシステム100Aにおいても、第1実施形態と同様の効果を奏する。
上述した実施形態では、本開示のボイラを、燃料に固体燃料とアンモニア燃料を混焼するボイラとして説明した。ボイラに使用される固体燃料としては、石炭、バイオマス燃料、石油コークス(PC:Petroleum Coke)燃料、石油残渣などが使用される。
なお、ボイラの燃料としては、固体燃料に限らず、重油、軽油、重質油などの石油類や工場廃液などの液体燃料も使用することができる。また、天然ガスや各種石油ガス、製鉄プロセスなどで発生する副生ガス、水素ガスなどの気体燃料も使用することができる。
さらに、これらの各種燃料を組み合わせて使用する混焼ボイラにも適用することができる。また、アンモニア燃料のみを使用する専焼ボイラであってもよい。
本開示の第1態様に係る燃焼システムは、アンモニアを燃焼させて火炉(11)内に火炎を形成するバーナ(21D)と、前記火炉で生成された燃焼ガスが内部を流通する燃焼ガス流通部(12)と、前記バーナへアンモニアを燃料として供給するアンモニア燃料供給系統(210)と、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統に対して、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統からアンモニアを排出させるパージガスを供給するパージガス供給部(221)と、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを前記燃焼ガス流通部の内部へ供給するアンモニア供給部(220)と、を備える。
このように、燃焼ガスを脱硝するための還元剤として燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを利用しているので、排出されたアンモニアを利用しない場合(別途外部から還元剤を供給する場合)と比較して、燃焼システムで使用される還元剤の量を低減することができる。したがって、ランニングコストを低減することができる。また、別途外部から還元剤を供給する装置を小型化又は設けない構造とすることができるので、燃焼システムの構造を簡素化することができる。したがって、イニシャルコストを低減することができる。
また、燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを燃焼ガスの反応させることで、窒素と水とに分解しているので、別途アンモニアを分解するための溶液等を使用しない。このため、別途アンモニアを分解するための溶液等を使用する場合と比較して、ランニングコストを低減することができる。また、別途排出されたアンモニアを分解するための装置を小型化又は設けない構造とすることができるので、燃焼システムの構造を簡素化することができる。したがって、イニシャルコストを低減することができる。
以上から、上記構成では、燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを、簡素な構造で適切に再利用することができる。したがって、コストを低減することができる。
上記構成では、窒素酸化物検出部が検出した情報に基づいて調整部を制御する制御部を備えている。これにより、燃焼ガス流通部の内部へ供給するアンモニアの量を、燃焼ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物の量に基づいた量にすることができる。したがって、例えば、制御部によって、燃焼ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物の量を所定の範囲内となるように調整部を制御した場合には、燃焼ガス流通部の内部へ適切な量のアンモニアを供給することができる。
なお、窒素酸化物検出部は、燃焼ガス中のNOxの量を計測してもよく、他のパラメータから燃焼ガス中のNOxの量を推定してもよい。
なお、アンモニア検出部は、燃焼ガス中のアンモニアの量を計測してもよく、他のパラメータから燃焼ガス中のアンモニアの量を推定してもよい。
また、熱交換器は熱を回収するので、熱交換器の上流側の空間は、熱交換器の下流側の空間と比較して、燃焼ガスの温度が高い。上記構成では、アンモニア供給部は、燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを熱交換器よりも上流側に供給する。これにより、流通する燃焼ガスの温度が高い空間(例えば、燃焼ガスの温度が1000℃程度の空間)にアンモニアを供給することができるので、より好適に燃焼ガス中に含まれるNOxを還元することができる。
11 :火炉
12 :燃焼ガス通路
13 :煙道
20 :燃焼装置
21 :バーナ
22 :燃料供給管
23 :風箱
24 :風道
25 :アディショナル空気ポート(空気供給部)
26 :アディショナル空気ダクト
27 :バーナ弁
31 :燃料供給部
32 :押込通風機
41 :ガスダクト
42 :空気予熱器
43 :脱硝装置
44 :集じん装置
46 :脱硫装置
47 :煙突
51 :アンモニアノズル
52 :NOx検出部
53 :アンモニア検出部
100 :ボイラシステム
100A :ボイラシステム
101 :火炉壁
102 :過熱器
103 :再熱器
104 :節炭器
200 :制御装置
202 :アンモニア制御部
210 :アンモニア燃料供給系統
210a :燃料供給ライン
210b :循環ライン
211 :アンモニア燃料タンク
212 :ポンプ
213 :加熱器
214 :開閉弁
215 :制御弁
216 :開閉弁
220 :アンモニア供給系統
220A :アンモニア供給系統
221 :パージガスライン
221a :パージガス弁
222 :第1ベントライン
222A :第1ドレンライン
222a :第1ベント弁
222aA :第1ドレン弁
223 :第2ベントライン
223A :第2ドレンライン
223a :第2ベント弁
223aA :第2ドレン弁
224 :第3ベントライン
224A :第3ドレンライン
224a :第3ベント弁
224aA :第3ドレン弁
225 :第4ベントライン
225A :第4ドレンライン
225a :第4ベント弁
225aA :第4ドレン弁
226 :アンモニア回収タンク
226A :アンモニア回収タンク
227 :アンモニア排出ライン
227A :アンモニア排出ライン
227a :制御弁
228 :アンモニア供給ライン
228A :アンモニア供給ライン
228a :ファン
228aA :ポンプ
228b :流量センサ
228bA :制御弁
228c :制御弁
228d :開閉弁
Claims (7)
- アンモニアを燃焼させて火炉内に火炎を形成するバーナと、前記火炉で生成された燃焼ガスが内部を流通する燃焼ガス流通部と、
前記バーナへアンモニアを燃料として供給するアンモニア燃料供給系統と、
前記アンモニア燃料供給系統に対して、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統からアンモニアを排出させるパージガスを供給するパージガス供給部と、
前記アンモニア燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを前記燃焼ガス流通部の内部へ供給するアンモニア供給部と、を備える燃焼システム。 - 前記アンモニア供給部よりも下流側を流通する燃焼ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物の量を検出する窒素酸化物検出部と、
前記アンモニア供給部によって、前記燃焼ガス流通部の内部へ供給するアンモニアの量を調整する調整部と、
前記窒素酸化物検出部が検出した情報に基づいて、前記調整部を制御する制御部と、を備える請求項1に記載の燃焼システム。 - 前記アンモニア供給部よりも下流側を流通する燃焼ガスに含まれるアンモニアの量を検出するアンモニア検出部と、
前記アンモニア供給部によって、前記燃焼ガス流通部の内部へ供給するアンモニアの量を調整する調整部と、
前記アンモニア検出部が検出した情報に基づいて、前記調整部を制御する制御部と、を備える請求項1に記載の燃焼システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃焼システムと、
前記燃焼ガス流通部に設けられ燃焼ガスの熱を回収する熱交換器と、を備えるボイラシステム。 - 前記バーナよりも燃焼ガス流れの下流側に設けられ、前記火炉内に空気を供給する空気供給部を備え、
前記アンモニア供給部は、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを前記空気供給部よりも下流側であって前記熱交換器の上流側に供給する請求項4に記載のボイラシステム。 - 前記燃焼ガスを脱硝する脱硝装置を備え、
前記アンモニア供給部は、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを前記脱硝装置よりも上流側に供給する請求項4に記載のボイラシステム。 - 燃焼システムの運転方法であって、
前記燃焼システムは、
アンモニアを燃焼させて火炉内に火炎を形成するバーナと、前記火炉で生成された燃焼ガスが内部を流通する燃焼ガス流通部と、
前記バーナへアンモニアを燃料として供給するアンモニア燃料供給系統と、
前記アンモニア燃料供給系統に対して、前記アンモニア燃料供給系統からアンモニアを排出させるパージガスを供給するパージガス供給部と、を有し、
前記アンモニア燃料供給系統から排出されたアンモニアを前記燃焼ガス流通部の内部へ供給するアンモニア供給工程を備える燃焼システムの運転方法。
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