WO2024161739A1 - 金属酸化物半導体ガスセンサ - Google Patents
金属酸化物半導体ガスセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
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- the present invention relates to a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor.
- Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) are poisoning and cause air pollution, so their concentrations need to be monitored, and small, highly accurate sensors are needed.
- Carbon monoxide (CO) in particular is a product of incomplete combustion and is highly toxic, and as an impurity in hydrogen fuel it poisons catalysts, so a high-performance sensor is needed.
- Japanese Patent No. 6586694 describes a gas sensor material for detecting CO using the compound A2- xCexBO4 .
- the sensor described in this publication has insufficient selectivity and sensitivity to CO gas, and further improvement is required.
- the objective of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is to obtain a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor capable of detecting carbon monoxide (CO gas) contained in low concentrations in a measured gas.
- the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor comprises: A first electrode and a second electrode, and a sensitive layer in contact with both the first electrode and the second electrode, the sensitive layer comprises In2O3 and Co3O4 ,
- the average porosity in the cross section of the sensitive layer is 15.7% or more and 22.0% or less
- the proportion of In 2 O 3 in the region of the sensitive layer excluding voids is 65 vol % or more and 99.5 vol % or less
- the proportion of Co 3 O 4 is 0.5 vol % or more and 35 vol % or less.
- a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor comprises: A first electrode and a second electrode, and a sensitive layer in contact with both the first electrode and the second electrode, the sensitive layer includes a first metal oxide that is an n-type semiconductor and a second metal oxide that is a p-type semiconductor; The average porosity in a cross section of the sensitive layer is 15.7% or more and 22.0% or less.
- the average porosity in the area closest to the first electrode and the second electrode may be ⁇ n (%), and the average porosity in the area farthest from the first electrode and the second electrode may be ⁇ f (%), where ⁇ f- ⁇ n ⁇ 1.0.
- the average void size in the cross section of the sensitive layer may be 80 nm or more and 120 nm or less.
- the thickness of the sensitive layer may be 1.0 um or more.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a sensitive layer is omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA' of the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor shown in FIG.
- metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
- the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 has a substrate 1 and a first electrode 2 and a second electrode 3 formed on the substrate 1.
- the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are shaped like comb teeth and face each other at a predetermined distance, but there are no particular limitations on the shape as long as they face each other at a predetermined distance.
- the sensitive layer 4 is in contact with both the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 so as to cover the portions of the electrodes 2 and 3 other than the lead-out electrode portions.
- the sensitive layer 4 is formed on the surface of the substrate 1 on which the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are formed.
- the sensitive layer 4 is made of a metal oxide material, and although not shown in FIG. 3 showing its cross section, it contains a plurality of pores such that the average porosity is 15.7% or more and 22.0% or less, preferably 15.9% or more and 22.0% or less, and more preferably 15.9% or more and 20.8% or less. There are no particular limitations on the method for measuring the average porosity.
- the ratio of the total area of multiple voids to the total area of at least one cross section of the sensitive layer 4 may be regarded as the average porosity.
- the lower limit of the size recognized as a void is, for example, 3 nm or more.
- the area within a specified range of the cross section of the sensitive layer 4 is a cross section of the sensitive layer in which at least 100 voids are observed.
- the average porosity can be calculated by observing the cross section of the sensitive layer 4 using a SEM, optical microscope, etc.
- the method for setting at least one cross section of the sensitive layer 4 there are no particular limitations on the method for setting at least one cross section of the sensitive layer 4, as long as the average porosity of the sensitive layer 4 can be measured appropriately.
- the total area ratio of voids in a cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the sensitive layer 4 can be calculated.
- the sensitive layer 4 contains at least In2O3 and Co3O4 .
- the proportion of In2O3 is 65 vol % or more and 99.5 vol % or less
- the proportion of Co3O4 is 0.5 vol% or more and 35 vol% or less.
- a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor with high sensor sensitivity to CO gas and short response time can be obtained.
- CO gas can easily penetrate into the voids, and oxygen adsorbed on the surface of the oxide can easily react with the gas, making it easier to lower the height of the spatial charge barrier, lowering resistance, and improving sensitivity while also contributing to shorter response times.
- the proportion of In2O3 in the region of the sensitive layer 4 excluding the voids is preferably 66.5 vol% to 99.4 vol%, more preferably 88.5 vol% to 98.8 vol%.
- the proportion of Co3O4 in the region of the sensitive layer 4 excluding the voids is preferably 0.6 vol% to 33.5 vol%, more preferably 1.2 vol% to 11.5 vol%. In the case of being in such a range, the response time can be shortened and the sensor sensitivity can be improved.
- the proportion of In2O3 in the region excluding the voids in the sensitive layer 4 is, in other words, the proportion of In2O3 in the metal oxide material constituting the sensitive layer 4.
- the proportion of Co3O4 in the region excluding the voids in the sensitive layer 4 is, in other words, the proportion of Co3O4 in the metal oxide material constituting the sensitive layer 4. Note that the sensitive layer 4 does not include the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.
- the average void size of the sensitive layer 4 is preferably 80 nm or more and 120 nm or less. There are no particular limitations on the method for measuring the average void size. For example, the equivalent circle diameter of the area of each void in a cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the sensitive layer 4 may be calculated and averaged.
- the average void size of the sensitive layer 4 may be defined as the average size of all voids observed in a cross section of the sensitive layer 4 within a specified area range. The lower limit of the size recognized as a void is the same as for the average porosity.
- the area within a specified range of the cross section of the sensitive layer 4 is the same as that of the average porosity. In other words, it is preferable that the area within a specified range of the cross section of the sensitive layer 4 is a cross section of the sensitive layer in which at least 100 voids are observed.
- voids of 80 nm or less or 120 nm or more may also be counted, but it is preferable that the number of voids outside these ranges is 10% or less of the total voids observed.
- the average pore size is preferably determined based on the mean free path of CO (90 to 130 nm), and by setting the average pore size within the above range, it becomes easier to further increase the sensor sensitivity to CO gas and further shorten the response time.
- the thickness of the sensitive layer 4 there is no particular limit to the thickness of the sensitive layer 4.
- it may be 1.0 um or more.
- the thickness of the sensitive layer 4 is 1.0 um or more, the sensor sensitivity to CO gas is likely to be improved.
- There is no particular upper limit to the thickness of the sensitive layer 4. For example, it may be 20 um or less. Note that, when the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are embedded in the sensitive layer 4 as shown in FIG. 3, the thickness of the sensitive layer 4 is the thickness of the portion that does not include the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Specifically, the thickness of the portion shown as d in FIG. 3 is the thickness of the sensitive layer 4.
- ⁇ f- ⁇ n ⁇ 1.0 When the sensitive layer 4 is divided into three equal parts in the thickness direction, it is preferable that ⁇ f- ⁇ n ⁇ 1.0, where ⁇ n (%) is the average porosity in the area closest to the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, and ⁇ f (%) is the average porosity in the area farthest from the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.
- the average porosity is high in the part of the sensitive layer 4 that mainly comes into contact with the measured gas (the outer surface side of the sensitive layer 4) and in its vicinity.
- an image of a cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the sensitive layer 4 and not including the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, observed by an SEM or the like, may be divided into thirds in the thickness direction.
- the total area ratio of voids in the image corresponding to the region closest to the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 (the region closest to the substrate 1) may be taken as ⁇ n.
- the total area ratio of voids in the region farthest from the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 may be taken as ⁇ f.
- the region closest to the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 may have a ratio of In 2 O 3 of 65 vol% to 99.5 vol% in the region excluding the voids, and the ratio of Co 3 O 4 of 0.5 vol% to 35 vol% in the region farthest from the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 may have a ratio of In 2 O 3 of 65 vol% to 99.5 vol% in the region excluding the voids, and the ratio of Co 3 O 4 of 0.5 vol% to 35 vol% in the region farthest from the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.
- the ratio of In 2 O 3 and the ratio of Co 3 O 4 (excluding the voids) in the metal oxide material constituting the sensitive layer 4 may be analyzed by cutting out a predetermined volume ratio (analyzable volume ratio) of the sensitive layer 4, and in that case, similar results are obtained in each region.
- the sensitive layer 4 may further contain other metal oxides and/or SiO2 to the extent that the sensor sensitivity and response time to CO gas are not significantly affected.
- other metal oxides include TiO2 .
- the total ratio of other metal oxides and SiO2 in the region of the sensitive layer 4 excluding voids may be 10 vol% or less.
- the sensitive layer 4 may contain components other than metal oxides and SiO2 as long as the sensor sensitivity and response time to CO gas are not significantly affected.
- the total proportion of components other than metal oxides and SiO2 in the region of the sensitive layer 4 excluding voids may be 5 vol% or less.
- the metal content in the sensitive layer 4 particularly the content of Pt, Pd, Au, or Ag, is small.
- the content of Pt, Pd, Au, or Ag in the sensitive layer 4 may be 5 mass% or less.
- the structure and manufacturing method of the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 according to this embodiment will be described in more detail below.
- FIG. 1 shows the state before the sensitive layer 4 (CO gas sensitive layer) is formed in the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 according to this embodiment.
- a first electrode 2 and a second electrode 3 are formed on a substrate 1.
- the type of substrate 1 may be a substrate made of an insulator that is heat resistant to the operating temperature of the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10.
- the substrate 1 may be an electrically insulating ceramic substrate, a substrate with a thermal oxide film, or the like.
- electrically insulating ceramic substrates include alumina substrates and zirconia substrates.
- substrates with a thermal oxide film include silicon substrates with a thermal oxide film.
- the substrate 1 is not an essential component of the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10.
- the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 only needs to have at least the first electrode 2, the second electrode 3, and the sensitive layer 4 in contact with both the first electrode and the second electrode in a manner that allows it to function as a gas sensor.
- first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 There are no particular limitations on the material of the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. It is sufficient that the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are made of a material that has electrical conductivity. For example, Pt, Au, etc. may be used as the material of the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.
- the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 may have a comb-tooth shape as shown in FIG. 1. In this case, it is preferable because it is easier to increase the contact area between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 and the sensitive layer 4. As shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable that the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are arranged so as to face each other. There is no particular restriction on the distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Considering the miniaturization of the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10, it is preferable that the distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 is small. For example, it may be 50 ⁇ m or less.
- first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 There are no particular limitations on the method for forming the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. For example, they can be formed using methods such as sputtering, vacuum deposition, and screen printing.
- a sensitive layer 4 may be formed on the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 as shown in FIG. 2. There are no particular limitations on the shape, size, etc. of the sensitive layer 4. It is sufficient that the sensitive layer 4 is in contact with at least both the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, it may be formed so as to cover the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' in FIG. 2.
- the sensitive layer 4 may be formed on the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 so as to fill the area between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 in order to ensure a sufficient contact area with the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.
- the sensitive layer 4 can be formed by forming a paste of In 2 O 3 and Co 3 O 4 together with a binder, applying the paste to the substrate 1 on which the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are formed, and firing the paste.
- the binder contained in the paste may be evaporated, and the sensitive layer 4 may be fired so that it contains In 2 O 3 and Co 3 O 4.
- the firing temperature is such that rapid grain growth and necking between particles are not promoted. If rapid grain growth and necking between particles occur, the specific surface area required for the sensitive layer 4 to adsorb gas is reduced. Therefore, specifically, it is preferable that the firing temperature (binder removal temperature) is 350°C to 600°C. The higher the firing temperature, the more likely it is that ⁇ f- ⁇ n becomes small.
- the paste can be prepared by mixing and stirring In2O3 and Co3O4 in a vehicle prepared using a binder and an organic solvent.
- a binder for example, a binder made of a polymer compound such as cellulose, ethyl cellulose, or hydroxyethyl cellulose can be used.
- the organic solvent toluene, xylene, terpineol, or ethylene glycol can be used.
- the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 of this embodiment has a predetermined sensitive layer 4, which improves the sensitivity and responsiveness to CO gas. Specifically, the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 of this embodiment has high responsiveness and can detect low concentrations of CO gas of 20 ppm or less contained in the measured gas. There is no particular lower limit for the detectable concentration of CO gas, but it can generally detect CO gas with a concentration of 50 ppb or more.
- the sensor resistance i.e., the resistance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 changes. CO gas can be detected from the change in the sensor resistance.
- the sensor resistance value when exposed to air is used as the reference.
- oxygen which has electron-attracting properties, is adsorbed to the surface of the semiconductor (sensitive layer) of a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor.
- the semiconductor is an n-type semiconductor
- oxygen adsorbed to the semiconductor surface forms a space charge layer near the semiconductor surface. The formation of the space charge layer creates a potential barrier between the semiconductors, preventing the movement of electrons between the semiconductors.
- the space charge layer becomes thicker. This causes the sensor resistance to increase. If a reducing gas is introduced onto the semiconductor surface when oxygen is adsorbed onto the surface, the adsorbed oxygen is consumed and the space charge layer becomes thinner. This causes the sensor resistance to decrease. From the above, the concentration of the measured gas can be detected from the change in the sensor resistance.
- the semiconductor is a p-type semiconductor
- the opposite reaction occurs to when the semiconductor is an n-type semiconductor.
- the sensor resistance value decreases.
- a reducing gas is introduced onto the semiconductor surface, the sensor resistance value increases.
- the potential barrier is not between n-type semiconductors, nor between p-type semiconductors. That is, in this embodiment, it is considered that In 2 O 3 functions as an n-type oxide semiconductor inside the sensitive layer 4, and Co 3 O 4 functions as a p-type oxide semiconductor, and a pn junction is formed at the interface between these oxide semiconductors.
- a pn junction holes and electrons are combined, and a barrier is higher than before and a wide electron depletion layer is formed at the junction interface, and resistance increases in air.
- the sensor resistance value when the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 is exposed to air that does not contain CO gas is Ra
- the sensor resistance value when the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 is exposed to a measurement gas that contains a specific concentration of CO gas is Rg
- the sensor sensitivity to a specific concentration of NO gas is expressed as Rg/Ra or Ra/Rg.
- the sensor sensitivity changes depending on the concentration of CO gas.
- is set to 100, and the time from when the gas supplied to the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 is switched from air to the measured gas until the absolute value of the change in sensor resistance reaches 90 is set to the 90% response time (T90).
- the time it takes for the sensor resistance value to change from Ra to R' is T90.
- the sensor resistance value changes again from Rg to Ra.
- it is preferable that the time required for the sensor resistance value to change from Rg to Ra is short. Furthermore, if the sensor resistance value in air does not stabilize during measurement and continues to increase or decreases, the sensor resistance value when exposed to a measured gas containing CO gas will be higher or lower than it should be.
- the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 of this embodiment changes to a sensor resistance value of 80% to 100% of the sensor resistance value Ra before exposure to the measured gas within 5 minutes after exposing the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 to air not containing CO gas after exposing the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 to a measured gas containing CO gas.
- Ra ⁇ Rg it is preferable that the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 of this embodiment changes to a sensor resistance value of 100% to 120% of the sensor resistance value Ra before exposure to the measured gas within 5 minutes after exposing the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 to air not containing CO gas after exposing the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 to a measured gas containing CO gas.
- the operating temperature of the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 of this embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, it is preferably 150°C or higher and 400°C or lower. This is because heating to 150°C or higher can increase the responsiveness to the CO gas, which is the gas to be measured. In addition, when heating to a high temperature exceeding 400°C, the In2O3 particles and/or Co3O4 particles may grow. As a result, the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 may deteriorate. In order to suppress the grain growth, prevent the deterioration of the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10, and enable it to be used for a long period of time, it is preferable to set the operating temperature to 400°C or lower as described above.
- the method for maintaining the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 at the above-mentioned operating temperature there are no particular limitations on the method for maintaining the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 at the above-mentioned operating temperature.
- various heating methods can be selected, such as external heating using an electric furnace or resistance heating in which a heater such as a Pt heater is formed on the back side of the substrate and electricity is passed through the heater.
- the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor of this embodiment described above is small and low-cost, and can detect CO gas present in the measured gas at a concentration of about 20 ppm.
- any gas that contains CO gas can be the subject of measurement.
- it is suitable for measuring CO gas in the exhaust gas from combustion engines.
- the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor of this embodiment can detect CO gas at a concentration of about 20 ppm with good sensitivity, making it suitable for use in home medical applications, for example.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified in various ways.
- the arrangement of the electrodes 2 and 3 of the sensor 10 is not particularly limited, and any structure is acceptable as long as both the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are in contact with and face the sensitive layer.
- In2O3 is used as the first metal oxide of the n-type semiconductor
- Co3O4 is used as the second metal oxide of the p-type semiconductor
- SnO2 , ZnO, WO3 , Al2O3 , Fe2O3 , TiO2 , V2O5 , etc. may be used together with In2O3 or instead of In2O3 as the first metal oxide of other n-type semiconductors.
- NiO, FeO , Ag2O , PdO , etc. may be used together with Co3O4 or instead of Co3O4 as the second metal oxide of other p - type semiconductors .
- Examples 1 to 2 Comparative Examples 1 to 4
- the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 was fabricated and evaluated.
- an ED-IDE3-Au manufactured by Micrux Technologies, Inc., molded to 9.5 ⁇ 5.0 mm 2 was prepared.
- comb-shaped Pt electrodes having a size of 2.5 ⁇ 4.0 mm 2 , an electrode width of 15 ⁇ m, and an inter-electrode distance of 15 ⁇ m were formed by sputtering.
- a paste containing powder having the composition shown in Table 1 was applied onto electrodes 2 and 3.
- An inkjet printer was used to apply the paste.
- a sensitive layer 4 was formed on electrodes 2 and 3 as shown in Figure 2, and a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor 10 was produced.
- a paste that would become the sensitive layer 4 was applied onto the substrate 1 on which the electrodes 2 and 3 were formed, and a heat treatment (400°C to 600°C) was performed to form a single-layer sensitive layer 4 with a thickness of 1.2 ⁇ m, resulting in a sample metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor.
- the fabricated metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor was placed in a sample chamber equipped with a heater.
- the sample holder equipped with a heater was heated to 150-400°C.
- Synthetic air was prepared by mixing nitrogen gas and oxygen gas at a flow rate ratio of 4:1. The synthetic air was passed through the sample chamber at a flow rate of 500 mL/min, and the sensor resistance was measured.
- the sensor resistance was measured by the two-terminal method using a Keithley Instruments, Inc. Model 2700 multi-channel DMM. The measurement interval for the sensor resistance was 10 seconds. After confirming that the sensor resistance had stabilized, the sensor resistance was measured at 10-second intervals for 200 seconds, and the average of the obtained sensor resistance values was taken as the sensor resistance value (Ra) in synthetic air.
- a constant flow rate of CO gas was introduced from a CO standard gas cylinder into the nitrogen gas to form a CO-containing gas.
- the CO concentration in the CO-containing gas was set to 20 ppm or less.
- the CO-containing gas was then supplied to the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor by flowing the CO-containing gas into the sample chamber at a flow rate of 500 mL/min, and the change in the sensor resistance value due to the supply of the CO-containing gas was investigated.
- Rg was the sensor resistance value 15 minutes after the start of the supply of the CO-containing gas.
- Ra/Rg was calculated as the sensor sensitivity. The results are shown in Table 1. A value of Ra/Rg of 2.00 or more was considered good, and a value of 2.50 or more was considered even better.
- T90 was determined by the above method. T90 was the time from when the supply of CO-containing gas started until the sensor resistance value reached R' shown in the above formula (2). T90 of 120 seconds or less was considered good, and T90 of 100 seconds or less was considered even better.
- the reflected electron image of the cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the sensitive layer 4 taken by a scanning electron microscope (SU5000, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was processed to calculate the average porosity in the cross section of the sensitive layer 4. Furthermore, the average void size in the cross section of the sensitive layer 4 was calculated. The size of the reflected electron image was set to a size that allowed the entire sensitive layer 4 in the thickness direction to be observed. The area photographed was the area where the first and second electrodes were not included in the reflected electron image.
- the reflected electron image was divided into three equal parts in the thickness direction of the sensitive layer 4.
- the average porosity calculated by image processing the reflected electron image of the area closest to the first and second electrodes was defined as ⁇ n (%), and the average porosity calculated by image processing the reflected electron image of the area farthest from the first and second electrodes was defined as ⁇ f (%), and ⁇ f- ⁇ n was calculated.
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- composition of the area of the sensitive layer 4 excluding the voids was the value shown in Table 1.
- Examples 3, 6-7, Comparative Examples 5-6) The same procedure as in Example 3 was carried out, except that the binder resin content was changed from Example 3 so that the average porosity of the sensitive layer 4 became the value shown in Table 1.
- the binder resin content increased in the order of Comparative Example 5, Example 3, Example 6, Example 7, and Comparative Example 6. The higher the resin content in the binder, the higher the average porosity. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 to 10 Two types of pastes with different binder content ratios were prepared. The paste with the lower binder content ratio was applied first, and the paste with the higher binder content ratio was applied later. The final value of ⁇ f- ⁇ n was set to the value shown in Table 1. Other points were the same as in Example 3. The results are shown in Table 1. The difference in the amount of binder resin between the first and second layer pastes was smaller in Examples 8, 9, and 10, and in Example 10, the difference in the amount of binder resin between the first and second layer pastes was 0.
- Example 6 (Examples 6, 11 to 12) The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 6, except that the heat treatment temperature was increased when forming the sensitive layer 4. The final value of ⁇ f- ⁇ n was set to the value shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 in which ⁇ f- ⁇ n was 1.0 or more, had a higher sensor sensitivity and a shorter response time than Examples 11 and 12, in which ⁇ f- ⁇ n was less than 1.0.
- Example 6 The same conditions as in Example 6 were used except that the mixing and stirring time during paste preparation was changed.
- the mixing and stirring time was shorter in the order of Examples 13, 6, 14 and 15.
- the shorter the mixing and stirring time the larger the average void size.
- the final average void size was set to the value shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Examples 6 and 14 in which the average pore size was 80 nm or more and 120 nm or less, had better sensor sensitivity and response time than Example 13, in which the average pore size was less than 80 nm, and Example 15, in which the average pore size was more than 120 nm.
- Example 16 to 18 The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 3, except that the thickness of the sensitive layer 4 was changed by changing the coating thickness of the paste as shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 19 and 20 The experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 3, except that the average porosity of the sensitive layer was controlled to the values shown in Table 1 by changing one or more of the resin content in the paste, the coating thickness, the heat treatment temperature, and the mixing and stirring time of the paste. The results are shown in Table 1. In Examples 19 and 20, in which the average porosity of the sensitive layer 4 was 15.7% or more and 22.0% or less, the sensor sensitivity and response time were good.
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Abstract
Description
第1電極および第2電極と、前記第1電極および前記第2電極の双方に接する感応層と、を有し、
前記感応層が、In2 O3 およびCo3 O4 を含み、
前記感応層の断面における平均空隙率が15.7%以上22.0%以下であり、
前記感応層のうち空隙を除いた領域におけるIn2 O3 の割合が65vol%以上99.5vol%以下であり、Co3 O4 の割合が0.5vol%以上35vol%以下である。
第1電極および第2電極と、前記第1電極および前記第2電極の双方に接する感応層と、を有し、
前記感応層が、n型半導体の第1金属酸化物とp型半導体の第2金属酸化物とを含み、
前記感応層の断面における平均空隙率が15.7%以上22.0%以下である。
以下の手順に従って、図1~3に示す金属酸化物半導体ガスセンサ10を作製し、その評価を行った。
実施例3からバインダ樹脂の含有割合を変化させることにより、感応層4の平均空隙率を表1に示す値となるようにした点以外は実施例3と同様に実施した。バインダ樹脂の含有量は、比較例5、実施例3,実施例6、実施例7および比較例6の順で多くなっていた。バインダにおける樹脂の含有割合が多いほど平均空隙率が高くなった。結果を表1に示す。
バインダの含有割合が互いに異なる2種類のペーストを作製した。バインダの含有割合が小さいペーストを先に塗布し、バインダの含有割合が大きいペーストを後から塗布した。最終的にφf-φnが表1に記載の値となるようにした。その他の点については実施例3と同様に実施した。結果を表1に示す。なお、実施例8、9および10の順で、1層目と2層目のペーストにおけるバインダ樹脂量の差が小さく、実施例10では、1層目と2層目のペーストにおけるバインダ樹脂量の差は0であった。
感応層4を形成する際の熱処理温度を上昇させた点以外は実施例6と同条件で実施した。最終的にφf-φnが表1に記載の値となるようにした。結果を表1に示す。
ペースト調整時における混合攪拌の時間を変化させた点以外は実施例6と同条件で実施した。混合攪拌の時間は、実施例13,6,14および15の順で短い。混合攪拌の時間が短いほど平均空隙サイズが大きくなった。最終的に平均空隙サイズが表1に記載の値となるようにした。結果を表1に示す。
ペーストの塗布厚みを変化させて感応層4の厚みを表1に示すように変化させた点以外は実施例3と同条件で実施した。結果を表1に示す。
ペースト中の樹脂含有量、塗布厚み、熱処理温度、ペーストの混合攪拌時間のいずれか一つ以上を変化させて、感応層の平均空隙率を表1に示す値となるように制御した以外は、実施例3と同条件で実施した。結果を表1に示す。感応層4の平均空隙率が15.7%以上22.0%以下である実施例19および20では、センサ感度および応答時間が良好であった。
Claims (4)
- 第1電極および第2電極と、前記第1電極および前記第2電極の双方に接する感応層と、を有し、
前記感応層が、In2 O3 およびCo3 O4 を含み、
前記感応層の断面における平均空隙率が15.7%以上22.0%以下であり、
前記感応層のうち空隙を除いた領域におけるIn2 O3 の割合が65vol%以上99.5vol%以下であり、Co3 O4 の割合が0.5vol%以上35vol%以下である金属酸化物半導体ガスセンサ。 - 前記感応層を厚さ方向に3等分する場合において、前記第1電極および前記第2電極に最も近い領域における平均空隙率をφn(%)、前記第1電極および第2電極から最も遠い領域における平均空隙率をφf(%)として、φf-φn≧1.0である請求項1に記載の金属酸化物半導体ガスセンサ。
- 前記感応層の断面における平均空隙サイズが80nm以上120nm以下である請求項1に記載の金属酸化物半導体ガスセンサ。
- 前記感応層の厚みが1.0um以上である請求項1に記載の金属酸化物半導体ガスセンサ。
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| JP2024574272A JPWO2024161739A1 (ja) | 2023-01-30 | 2023-11-01 | |
| EP23919874.0A EP4660621A1 (en) | 2023-01-30 | 2023-11-01 | Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor |
| CN202380085650.8A CN120359411A (zh) | 2023-01-30 | 2023-11-01 | 金属氧化物半导体气体传感器 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5698646A (en) * | 1980-01-09 | 1981-08-08 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Flamable-gas detecting element |
| JP2007139713A (ja) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-06-07 | Kyushu Univ | ガスセンサ用金属酸化物半導体材料の製造方法 |
| CN102645454A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-22 | 长春理工大学 | 具有纳米纤维敏感层的平面式乙炔气体传感器 |
| JP6586694B2 (ja) | 2015-07-07 | 2019-10-09 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | ガスセンサ用材料及びその製造方法、並びにこれを用いたガスセンサの製造方法 |
| WO2022063018A1 (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-03-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multifunctional heterojunction metal oxide gas sensor |
-
2023
- 2023-11-01 WO PCT/JP2023/039455 patent/WO2024161739A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-01 EP EP23919874.0A patent/EP4660621A1/en active Pending
- 2023-11-01 JP JP2024574272A patent/JPWO2024161739A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-11-01 CN CN202380085650.8A patent/CN120359411A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5698646A (en) * | 1980-01-09 | 1981-08-08 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Flamable-gas detecting element |
| JP2007139713A (ja) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-06-07 | Kyushu Univ | ガスセンサ用金属酸化物半導体材料の製造方法 |
| CN102645454A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-22 | 长春理工大学 | 具有纳米纤维敏感层的平面式乙炔气体传感器 |
| JP6586694B2 (ja) | 2015-07-07 | 2019-10-09 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | ガスセンサ用材料及びその製造方法、並びにこれを用いたガスセンサの製造方法 |
| WO2022063018A1 (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-03-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multifunctional heterojunction metal oxide gas sensor |
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| Title |
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| MIRZAEI ALI, PARK SUNGHOON, KHEEL HYEJOON, SUN GUN-JOO, KO TAEGYUNG, LEE SANGMIN, LEE CHONGMU: "Acetone Sensors Based on In2O3-Co3O4 Composite Nanoparticles", JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS, US, vol. 17, no. 6, 1 June 2017 (2017-06-01), US , pages 4087 - 4090, XP009556699, ISSN: 1533-4880, DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.13408 * |
| See also references of EP4660621A1 |
| YAMAURA HIROYUKI, TAMAKI JUN, MORIYA KOJI, MIURA NORLO, YAMAZOE NOBORU, , : "Highly Selective CO Sensor Using Indium Oxide Doubly Promoted by Cobalt Oxide and Gold", JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 144, no. 6, 6 June 1997 (1997-06-06), pages L157 - L160, XP093197452 * |
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| EP4660621A1 (en) | 2025-12-10 |
| CN120359411A (zh) | 2025-07-22 |
| JPWO2024161739A1 (ja) | 2024-08-08 |
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