WO2024038888A1 - 組成物 - Google Patents
組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024038888A1 WO2024038888A1 PCT/JP2023/029650 JP2023029650W WO2024038888A1 WO 2024038888 A1 WO2024038888 A1 WO 2024038888A1 JP 2023029650 W JP2023029650 W JP 2023029650W WO 2024038888 A1 WO2024038888 A1 WO 2024038888A1
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- peptide
- amino acid
- acid sequence
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- val
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/05—Dipeptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/14—Vasoprotectives; Antihaemorrhoidals; Drugs for varicose therapy; Capillary stabilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/08—Tripeptides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compositions containing peptides.
- Peptides and proteins are known to have various functions depending on their amino acid sequences, and are used in therapeutic drugs and foods depending on their functions.
- a dipeptide consisting of Val-Pro has dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (di-peptidyl peptidase-IV: also referred to as "DPP-IV") inhibitory activity, and the amino acid sequence of the dipeptide is similar to milk protein, soybean protein, etc. It has been reported that it is contained in various foods such as wheat protein (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Non-patent Document 3 Non-patent Document 3
- 4 Non-patent Document 4
- Patent Document 1 shows that arginine and arginine dipeptide, which are basic amino acids, enhance the transmucosal absorption of insulin, which is a type of peptide hormone.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for increasing the small intestine absorption of peptides having physiological functionality.
- an oligopeptide consisting of a specific amino acid sequence increases the small intestine absorption of a dipeptide consisting of Val-Pro, and completed the present invention. I ended up doing it.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a peptide consisting of the following amino acid sequence (a), and a tripeptide in which an arbitrary amino acid residue is added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a). and one or more selected from the group consisting of tetrapeptides.
- tripeptides and tetrapeptides in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a) include peptides having the following amino acid sequences.
- Xaa is independently one arbitrary amino acid residue.
- the tripeptide and tetrapeptide in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a) consist of the following amino acid sequence (b) or (c). It is preferable that the peptide is one or more selected from the group consisting of peptides. Note that Xaa is independently one arbitrary amino acid residue.
- one or more peptides selected from the group consisting of peptides consisting of the amino acid sequences of (b) or (c) above are selected from peptides consisting of the following amino acid sequences (d) to (f).
- the molar ratio of the content is preferably 1:10 to 30:1.
- the molar ratio of the total content of is preferably 1:10 to 10:1.
- the composition in this embodiment preferably contains 0.0001% by mass or more of the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (a).
- the peptide is selected from the group consisting of a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (a), a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (d), a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (e), and a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (f). It is preferable that at least one of the ingredients is derived from milk.
- the composition of this embodiment is preferably for promoting small intestinal absorption of the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (a).
- the composition of this embodiment is preferably fermented milk. Further, the composition of this embodiment is preferably in the form of a unit packaged powder.
- the second aspect of the present invention is one or two selected from the group consisting of tetrapeptides and tripeptides in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence of (a) below.
- (a) Val-Pro the tripeptide and tetrapeptide in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a) consist of the following amino acid sequence (b) or (c). It is preferable that the peptide is one or more selected from the group consisting of peptides.
- Xaa is independently one arbitrary amino acid residue.
- Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro (c) Val-Pro-Xaa
- one or more peptides selected from the group consisting of peptides consisting of the amino acid sequences of (b) or (c) above are selected from the group consisting of peptides consisting of the following amino acid sequences (d) to (f). It is preferable to include one or more selected from the group consisting of: (d) Leu-Pro-Val-Pro (e) Val-Pro-Asn (f) Val-Pro-Gln
- a composition capable of promoting small intestinal absorption of a dipeptide consisting of Val-Pro having physiological functionality is provided.
- the physiological functionality of the peptide such as DPP-IV inhibitory activity
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram showing a method for evaluating peptide permeability from the upper compartment to the lower compartment partitioned by intestinal epithelial-like cells cultured on the porous membrane of the insert well using a transwell plate. Add the test peptide to the upper compartment side.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a peptide consisting of the following amino acid sequence (a), a tripeptide in which an arbitrary amino acid residue is added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a), and It is a composition containing one or more selected from the group consisting of tetrapeptides (hereinafter also referred to as "composition of the present invention").
- (a) Val-Pro The peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of (a) is hereinafter also referred to as "VP peptide.”
- VP peptide peptides consisting of the amino acid sequence (a), as well as tripeptides and tetrapeptides in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a), are collectively referred to as "this book”. Also referred to as "Oligopeptide of the Invention".
- the tetrapeptides include Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro, Xaa-Val-Pro-Xaa and Val-Pro-Xaa-Xaa, (b) Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro (Xaa is independently
- the peptide is preferably a peptide consisting of an arbitrary amino acid residue, preferably a non-polar amino acid residue, more preferably Leu or Pro, and a peptide consisting of the following amino acid sequence (d). It is more preferable that there be.
- (d) Leu-Pro-Val-Pro The peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (d) (SEQ ID NO: 1) is hereinafter also referred to as "LPVP peptide.”
- the tripeptides include Xaa-Val-Pro and Val-Pro-Xaa, and (c) Val-Pro-Xaa (Xaa is independently any one amino acid residue, preferably a polar intermediate
- Xaa is independently any one amino acid residue, preferably a polar intermediate
- the group consisting of a peptide consisting of the following amino acid sequence (e) and a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (f) below is preferable. It is more preferable to use one or two selected from the following.
- (e) Val-Pro-Asn (f) Val-Pro-Gln
- the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (e) is hereinafter also referred to as "VPN peptide.”
- the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (f) is hereinafter also referred to as "VPQ peptide.”
- Val (V) is a valine residue
- Pro (P) is a proline residue
- Leu (L) is a leucine residue
- Asn (N) is an asparagine residue
- Gln (Q) is a glutamine residue.
- the groups are shown respectively.
- both amino acids are L-type amino acids.
- the peptide consisting of any of the sequences described in (a) to (f) may be in the form of a salt thereof.
- the salt include alkali metals such as potassium and sodium; alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium.
- the oligopeptide of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by (1) a method of decomposing a protein or peptide containing the amino acid sequence of (a) with a hydrolase, etc., and separating and purifying the resulting decomposed product; (2) a method of obtaining the peptide; A method of synthesizing the oligopeptide of the present invention by the synthesis method, and then separating and purifying the desired oligopeptide of the present invention from the obtained crude synthetic product, (3) producing the oligopeptide of the present invention according to the present invention. It can be obtained by extracting from plants, animals, or microorganisms, and separating and purifying the obtained extract.
- the methods (1) and (2) will be specifically explained below.
- the oligopeptide of the present invention can be obtained from the hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing a protein or peptide containing the amino acid sequence (a) with a protein hydrolase, acid, alkali, etc.
- the oligopeptide of the invention can be obtained by separation and purification.
- the protein or peptide used as a raw material is not particularly limited as long as it contains at least the amino acid sequence (a), but it preferably contains one of the amino acid sequences listed in (a) to (f).
- raw materials containing proteins and peptides include proteins derived from milk, soybeans, eggs, wheat, barley, rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peas, corn, meat, fish, and seafood.
- casein which is a milk protein
- the oligopeptide of the present invention is preferably one obtained from milk (milk-derived), and more preferably one obtained from casein (casein-derived).
- the oligopeptide of the present invention does not necessarily need to be derived from a single protein, but may be derived from different proteins.
- Casein protein is a protein that contains the oligopeptide of the present invention in its primary structure, and can produce the oligopeptide of the present invention when digested with an appropriate hydrolase.
- raw protein is dispersed and dissolved in water or hot water to prepare an aqueous protein solution.
- the pH may be adjusted as appropriate.
- the concentration of the protein aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but it is generally preferable to set the protein concentration to a concentration range of 2% by mass or more, more preferably about 5 to 30% by mass.
- the protein aqueous solution is subjected to an ion exchange method using a sodium type or potassium type cation exchange resin (preferably a strongly acidic cation exchange resin), an electrodialysis method, an ultrafiltration membrane method, a loose reverse osmosis membrane method, etc. It is preferable to desalinate and adjust the pH and calcium concentration as appropriate. For desalting, either a column method or a batch method may be employed. Further, the aqueous protein solution may be heat sterilized as appropriate before desalting.
- a sodium type or potassium type cation exchange resin preferably a strongly acidic cation exchange resin
- electrodialysis method preferably a strongly acidic cation exchange resin
- ultrafiltration membrane method preferably a loose reverse osmosis membrane method
- a loose reverse osmosis membrane method etc. It is preferable to desalinate and adjust the pH and calcium concentration as appropriate.
- desalting either a column method or a batch method may be employed.
- the protein aqueous solution is subjected to a hydrolysis treatment.
- the hydrolysis treatment include enzyme treatment, acid treatment, alkali treatment, heat treatment, etc., and two or more of these treatments may be combined as appropriate.
- proteolytic enzymes derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, etc. can be used, and one type or a combination of two or more of these can be used.
- endoprotease is suitable.
- the endoprotease include serine protease, metalloprotease, cysteine protease, and aspartic protease, and one or more of these can be selected and used. Among these, it is preferable to use serine protease and/or metalloprotease.
- proteases are classified into alkaline proteases, neutral proteases, and acidic proteases. Among these, it is preferable to use neutral proteases.
- a commercially available product can be used as the protease.
- the protease include Sumiteam LP (manufactured by Shin Nihon Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Bioplase (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Co., Ltd.), Proleather (manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.), Protease S (manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.), and PTN6.0S (manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.).
- Novozymes Savinase (Novozymes), GODO B. A.
- the amount of endoprotease used for the protein is not particularly limited and may be adjusted appropriately depending on the substrate concentration, enzyme titer, reaction temperature, reaction time, etc., but in general, the amount of endoprotease used is 100% per gram of protein in the protein. Preferably, it is added at a rate of 30,000 to 30,000 active units.
- a desired peptide can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the conditions for hydrolysis by the protease.
- the pH of the raw protein solution can be adjusted to the optimum pH for the enzyme used using food-grade salts such as potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
- the pH of the raw protein solution is preferably adjusted to 5-10, more preferably 7-10.
- the reaction temperature of the proteolytic enzyme is desirably within the optimum temperature range of the enzyme used, preferably 30 to 70°C, more preferably 40 to 60°C.
- the reaction retention time of the protease may be, for example, 0.5 to 24 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours, as long as the reaction is continued until a desired decomposition rate is reached while monitoring the decomposition rate of the enzymatic reaction. 15 hours, more preferably 3 to 10 hours.
- the decomposition rate is preferably 10 to 40%, more preferably 25 to 35%.
- the decomposition rate of the raw protein is calculated by measuring the total nitrogen content of the sample using the Kjeldahl method (edited by the Japan Food Industry Association, “Food Analysis Methods", p. 102, Korin Co., Ltd., 1981), and by measuring the total nitrogen content of the sample.
- the amount of formol nitrogen in the sample was measured by the titration method (edited by Mitsuda et al., “Food Engineering Experiment Book", Vol. 1, p. 547, Yokendo, 1970), and the decomposition rate was calculated from these measured values using the following formula: do.
- Decomposition rate (%) (formol nitrogen amount/total nitrogen amount) x 100
- Hydrolysis by the proteolytic enzyme may be completed by heating the enzyme to inactivate it.
- the heating temperature and holding time of the heat inactivation treatment can be appropriately set to conditions that can sufficiently inactivate the enzyme, taking into consideration the thermal stability of the enzyme used. For example, when deactivating at 100°C or higher (preferably 120 to 140°C), it is preferably carried out for 1 to 3 seconds, and when deactivating at a temperature lower than 100°C to 60°C or higher, it is preferably carried out for 3 to 40 minutes.
- the heat treatment method either a batch method or a continuous method can be used.
- the continuous method methods such as a plate heat exchange method, an infusion method, and an injection method can be used.
- the above-mentioned heat deactivation treatment can also be used in combination as a sterilization treatment for the hydrolyzate, and a conventional heat treatment method or the like can be used.
- the pH of the decomposition solution is preferably adjusted to 6 to 8, more preferably 7.0 ⁇ 0.5, and still more preferably 7.0 ⁇ 0.3, if necessary.
- the resulting decomposed solution may be desalted as described above to adjust the calcium concentration. good.
- the enzyme is deactivated by heating in a conventional manner.
- the reaction heating temperature and reaction holding time can be appropriately set to conditions that can sufficiently deactivate the enzyme, taking into consideration the thermal stability of the enzyme used. After inactivation by heating, it can be cooled by a conventional method and used as it is, or if necessary, it can be concentrated to obtain a concentrated liquid, and it is also possible to dry the concentrated liquid to obtain a powder product.
- the pH of the aqueous protein solution may be adjusted.
- the pH of the aqueous protein solution is preferably pH 5 or less or pH 9 or more, more preferably pH 4 or less or pH 10 or more.
- room temperature is about 4 to 40°C, preferably 10 to 30°C.
- the aqueous protein solution may be hydrolyzed by heat treatment.
- the pH of this aqueous protein solution may be unadjusted, or the pH may be adjusted (specifically, acidic (pH 5 or lower), neutral (pH 6 to 8), or alkaline (pH 8 or higher)).
- the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of about 4 to 100° C. under the same conditions as the acid-alkali treatment described above.
- the total content of the oligopeptide of the present invention in the protein hydrolyzate is not particularly limited, but its lower limit is preferably 0.001% by mass or more from the viewpoint of better demonstrating the physiological activity of the peptide. , more preferably 0.005% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of hydrolysis efficiency. It is not more than 2% by mass, more preferably not more than 2% by mass, even more preferably not more than 1.5% by mass.
- the obtained protein hydrolyzate may be used in an unpurified state. That is, a protein hydrolyzate, preferably a milk protein hydrolyzate, may be ingested or administered in the form of a food/drink or pharmaceutical composition described below. Further, the obtained protein hydrolyzate may be subjected to appropriate known separation and purification. For example, the obtained protein hydrolyzate can be subjected to molecular weight fractionation to obtain a protein hydrolyzate containing a fraction corresponding to the molecular weight of the oligopeptide of the present invention according to the present invention. As the molecular weight fractionation, methods such as ultrafiltration and gel filtration can be employed, thereby increasing the removal rate of peptides and free amino acids with unnecessary molecular weights.
- a desired ultrafiltration membrane In the case of ultrafiltration, a desired ultrafiltration membrane may be used, and in the case of gel filtration, a desired gel filtration agent used for size exclusion chromatography may be used. Furthermore, in order to desalt, remove impurities, and increase purity, various chromatography methods such as ion exchange chromatography, adsorption chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, and partition chromatography, as well as solvent Methods such as precipitation, salting out, partitioning between two liquid phases, etc. may also be used.
- the peptide can be identified by mass spectrometry.
- the oligopeptide of the present invention thus obtained can be used as a peptide solution, or, if necessary, the solution can be concentrated by a known method and used as a concentrate. Alternatively, the concentrate can be dried by a known method and used as a powder.
- the oligopeptide of the present invention can also be produced by chemical synthesis or biosynthesis.
- Chemical synthesis of peptides can be performed by a liquid phase method or a solid phase method commonly used for oligopeptide synthesis.
- the synthesized peptide can be deprotected as necessary to remove unreacted reagents, by-products, and the like to isolate the oligopeptide of the present invention.
- Such peptide synthesis can be performed using a commercially available peptide synthesizer.
- Peptide biosynthesis can be carried out by a conventional method such as introducing a peptide expression vector into a host organism and causing production and secretion.
- the content of the VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 0.0001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.0003% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.0005% by mass based on the entire composition.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the total content of tripeptides and tetrapeptides in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a) in the composition of the present invention is preferably 0 with respect to the entire composition.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, it is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more It is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the content of the LPVP peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 0.000003% by mass or more, more preferably 0.000015% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.00005% by mass based on the entire composition.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the content of the VPN peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 0.000003% by mass or more, more preferably 0.000015% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.00005% by mass based on the entire composition.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the content of the VPQ peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 0.000003% by mass or more, more preferably 0.000015% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.00005% by mass based on the entire composition.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the molar ratio (a):(b) of the content of Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro peptide to the content of VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 1:10 to 30:1, and 1 :5 to 20:1 is more preferable, and even more preferably 1:1 to 10:1.
- the molar ratio (a):(c) of the content of Val-Pro-Xaa peptide to the content of VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 1:10 to 30:1, and 1:5. The ratio is more preferably 1:1 to 10:1, and even more preferably 1:1 to 10:1.
- the molar ratio (a):(d) of the content of LPVP peptide to the content of VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 1:10 to 30:1, and preferably 1:5 to 20:1. The ratio is more preferably 1:1 to 10:1.
- the molar ratio (a):(e) of the content of VPN peptide to the content of VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 1:10 to 30:1, and preferably 1:5 to 20:1.
- the ratio is more preferably 1:1 to 10:1.
- the molar ratio (a):(f) of the content of VPQ peptide to the content of VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is preferably 1:10 to 30:1, and preferably 1:5 to 20:1.
- the ratio is more preferably 1:1 to 10:1.
- the molar ratio of the total content of tripeptides and tetrapeptides in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence of (a) to the content of VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is although not particularly limited, the ratio is preferably 1:10 to 10:1, more preferably 1:5 to 5:1, and even more preferably 1:1 to 10:3.
- the molar ratio of the total content of Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro peptide and Val-Pro-Xaa peptide to the content of VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is 1:10 to 10:1.
- the ratio is preferably 1:5 to 5:1, and even more preferably 1:1 to 10:3.
- the molar ratio of the total content of LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide to the content of VP peptide in the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1:10 to 10:1, and 1 :5 to 5:1 is more preferable, and even more preferably 1:1 to 10:3.
- the target peptide content can be measured by the following method.
- the sample powder was diluted and dissolved in a 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution to a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, crushed by ultrasonic waves for 10 minutes, and then filtered with a 0.22 ⁇ m diameter PVDF filter (manufactured by Millipore).
- a powder solution is prepared, and LC/MS analysis is performed under the following measurement conditions.
- several solutions of a chemically synthesized standard peptide (manufactured by Peptide Research Institute) of the peptide to be measured are prepared at different concentrations, and LC/MS analysis is performed under the following measurement conditions to create a calibration curve.
- the peaks in the analysis of the powder solution those whose molecular weight and retention time match those of the standard peptide are identified as having the same sequence as the standard peptide.
- the peak area of the standard peptide and the peak area of the sample powder the content of the target peptide in the powder solution is determined.
- Target peptide content (mg/1 g of casein hydrolyzate) [measured value of target peptide in the obtained casein hydrolyzate (mg)]/[mass of the obtained casein hydrolyzate (g)] [Measurement value (mg) of the target peptide in the obtained casein hydrolyzate] is the measurement value of the target peptide in the sample by "LC/MS" described below.
- administering to an animal may be synonymous with “ingesting to an animal.”
- the intake may be voluntary (free intake) or forced (forced intake). That is, the administration step may be, for example, a step in which the oligopeptide of the present invention is mixed into food or drink or feed and supplied to the subject, thereby allowing the subject to freely ingest the oligopeptide of the present invention. good.
- the timing of ingestion (administration) of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the condition of the subject to be administered.
- the amount of the composition of the present invention to be ingested (administered) is appropriately selected depending on the age, sex, condition, other conditions, etc. of the subject to be ingested (administered).
- the intake (administration) amount of the composition of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ g/day to 10 mg/day, and 5 ⁇ g/day to 10 mg/day for adults, as the intake amount of each oligopeptide of the present invention according to the present invention. A range of 5 mg/day is more preferred.
- the composition of the present invention can be administered once a day or divided into multiple doses.
- the period of intake (administration) of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the effect is likely to be obtained if it is preferably 12 weeks or more, more preferably 24 weeks or more. Furthermore, there is no particular upper limit to the intake (administration) period, and continuous, long-term intake (administration) is possible.
- the route of intake (administration) of the composition of the present invention may be either oral or parenteral, but oral is preferred.
- parenteral ingestion (administration) include transdermal administration, intravenous injection, rectal administration, and inhalation.
- composition for promoting small intestine absorption of VP peptide Tripeptides and tetrapeptides, preferably LPVP peptides, VPN peptides, or VPQ peptides, in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence of (a), promote small intestinal absorption of the VP peptide. can be done. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be preferably applied to promote absorption of VP peptide in the small intestine.
- tripeptides and tetrapeptides in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence of (a), preferably LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, or VPQ peptide, can be used to improve the small intestine absorption of VP peptide. It can be an active ingredient in promotional compositions. Further, as a second aspect of the present invention, a composition for promoting small intestinal absorption of VP peptide is provided.
- promotion of small intestinal absorption refers to a group consisting of tripeptides and tetrapeptides in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence of (a) in vivo or in vitro.
- Highly absorbable refers to an increase in the amount absorbed into the small intestine (which can also be referred to as permeation from the apical membrane side of the epithelial cells on the lumen side of the intestinal epithelium to the basement membrane side); This may include increasing the rate of absorption.
- the degree of such increase in amount or increase in speed is determined by one selected from the group consisting of tripeptides and tetrapeptides in which arbitrary amino acid residues are added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence of (a); It is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more, still more preferably 50% or more larger than in the absence of two or more species.
- the VP peptide that promotes small intestinal absorption includes, in addition to the VP peptide contained in the composition of the present invention, a VP peptide that is present at the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a) contained in the composition of the present invention.
- VP peptides released by decomposition of tripeptides and/or tetrapeptides to which arbitrary amino acid residues have been added may be included.
- VP peptides contained in a composition other than the composition of the present invention, or VP peptides liberated by decomposition of a (poly)peptide or protein containing the amino acid sequence (a) may also be included.
- Such an increase in absorbability can be confirmed, for example, using intestinal epithelial-like cells as in the Examples below.
- the permeation of VP peptide from the upper compartment (luminal side) to the lower compartment (basal membrane side) was performed using human colon cancer-derived cells (Caco-2 cells) differentiated in a transwell plate. This can be confirmed by measuring the amount and speed ( Figure 1).
- Another aspect of the invention is the use of the oligopeptide of the invention in the manufacture of a composition for promoting small intestinal absorption of VP peptide. Another aspect of the invention is the use of oligopeptides of the invention in promoting intestinal absorption of VP peptides. Another aspect of the invention is an oligopeptide of the invention used for promoting small intestinal absorption of VP peptide. Another aspect of the invention is a method of promoting intestinal absorption of VP peptides comprising administering to an animal an oligopeptide of the invention.
- Non-therapeutic purpose is a concept that does not include medical treatment, that is, treatment of the human body through treatment. Examples include health promotion, beauty practices, etc.
- “Amelioration” refers to improving a disease, symptom or condition; preventing or slowing the worsening of a disease, symptom or condition; reversing, preventing or slowing the progression of a disease or condition.
- “Prevention” refers to preventing or delaying the onset of a disease or symptom in a target, or reducing the risk of a disease or symptom in a target.
- the subject to whom the composition of the present invention is administered is not particularly limited as long as the effect of promoting absorption of the VP peptide in the small intestine can be obtained, and examples thereof include mammals. Mammals include humans, dogs, cats, and the like. Mammals include in particular humans.
- the composition of the present invention may be administered to any human who desires the effect of promoting small intestinal absorption of VP peptide, for example.
- the human may be of any age, such as an infant, toddler, child, adult, middle-aged or elderly person, or elderly person.
- “Infant” refers to a child less than one year old.
- Infants refers to children from the first year of life until they enter elementary school.
- composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is used for non-therapeutic purposes, it can be administered to healthy subjects.
- a healthy person may mean a person who does not suffer from diabetes but has a high blood sugar level, a person who does not suffer from diabetes but is concerned about postprandial hyperglycemia, and the like.
- the composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is used for non-therapeutic purposes, it can be used to increase the small intestinal absorption of VP peptide in healthy individuals and to exert the DPP-IV inhibitory effect of VP peptide in healthy individuals.
- the composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is used for non-therapeutic purposes, it allows prevention of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases in healthy individuals. Diseases that can be prevented include diabetes, postprandial hyperglycemia, kidney disease, neurological disorders, arteriosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, retinopathy, osteoporosis, cancer, and dementia.
- composition of the present invention When used for therapeutic purposes, it can be administered to an unhealthy subject.
- unhealthy people include people with diabetes.
- Diabetes-related diseases include postprandial hyperglycemia, kidney disease, neuropathy, arteriosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, retinopathy, osteoporosis, cancer, and dementia.
- compositions of the invention when used for therapeutic purposes, they may enable the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases in non-healthy individuals.
- composition for inhibiting DPP-IV activity has the effect of inhibiting DPP-IV activity as described above (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). Therefore, a composition containing a VP peptide and a tripeptide and/or tetrapeptide in which an arbitrary amino acid residue is added to the N-terminus and/or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence (a), preferably a VP peptide and a LPVP
- a composition containing one or more selected from the group consisting of a peptide, a VPN peptide, and a VPQ peptide can promote the absorption of the VP peptide in the small intestine, so that DPP-IV is more likely to be effective. It can be used as an inhibitory composition.
- DPP-IV inhibitory activity means that the DPP-IV activity in the presence of the oligopeptide of the present invention (especially VP peptide) is smaller than the activity in its absence, and the inhibition rate under the same conditions. is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 30% or more, and even more preferably 50% or more. It also means that the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of the enzyme is preferably 1000 ⁇ M or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ M or less, even more preferably 100 ⁇ M or less. In addition, DPP-IV inhibitory activity, inhibition rate, and IC50 can be confirmed by a conventional method.
- the VP peptide of the present invention can be preferably included as an active ingredient in a composition for inhibiting DPP-IV.
- the oligopeptide of the present invention may be contained in the composition in the form of a milk protein hydrolyzate, in other words, the VP peptide of the present invention, and a group consisting of the LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide.
- a milk protein hydrolyzate containing one or more selected from the following can be preferably included as an active ingredient in a composition having DPP-IV inhibitory activity.
- DPP-IV is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein with N-terminal dipeptidase activity.
- DPP-IV is present on the cells of various tissues of most mammals, including the liver, kidneys, small intestine, salivary glands, blood cells and plasma.
- DPP-IV is expected to play various roles in the body, one of which is that DPP-IV decomposes substances involved in physiological functions in the body, thereby causing various diseases and diseases. Symptoms may occur. Therefore, by inhibiting DPP-IV, the decomposition of substances involved in physiological functions in the body, which are normally degraded by DPP-IV, is suppressed and the lifespan thereof is extended. It becomes possible to prevent, improve, or treat diseases and symptoms.
- Substances involved in physiological functions that can be degraded by DPP-IV include, for example, glucagon-like peptide-1 (hereinafter referred to as "GLP-1”), which is an incretin, and glucose-dependent insulin secretion-stimulating polypeptide. Examples include peptides (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptides: hereinafter referred to as "GIP"). GLP-1 is released after meals and is involved in glucose-induced stimulation of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, inhibition of glucagon secretion, regulation of gene expression, trophic effects on beta cells, suppression of food intake, and It has multifaceted effects, including slowing gastric emptying.
- GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1
- GIP glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptides
- GIP is also released after meals and has the effect of promoting insulin secretion from the pancreas in a blood sugar concentration-dependent manner.
- Inhibition of DPP-IV suppresses the degradation of GLP-1 and GIP and increases the concentration of these incretins in the blood. It is known that as a result, insulin secretion is promoted and blood sugar levels are lowered.
- the activation condition for insulin secretion promotion by this incretin is high blood sugar levels, so in type 2 diabetes due to decreased insulin secretion, inhibiting DPP-IV is effective at reducing the level of insulin secretion that occurs with conventional insulin secretagogues. It is thought that blood sugar side effects are less likely to occur.
- DPP-IV reduces the function of vascular endothelial cells and damages vascular endothelial cells.
- This decreased function and damage to the endothelial cells of blood vessels causes vascular disorders such as vasoconstriction, arteriosclerosis, and thrombus formation due to increased tension in the blood vessels. These causes impede blood flow in organs, resulting in organ dysfunction and diabetes. complications will be induced.
- DPP-IV inhibitors improves endothelial cell function (for example, Endocrine Journal 2011, 58 (1), 69-73, J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012, 59 (3), 265-76, Diabetes Care.
- the composition of the present invention has an effect of suppressing blood sugar level rise, an effect of improving hyperglycemia, an effect of suppressing decline in vascular endothelial function, and an effect of suppressing vascular endothelial disorder, since the VP peptide contained therein has DPP-IV inhibitory activity. vasculopathy, vascular endothelial cell protection, appetite suppression, etc.
- the term "suppression of blood sugar level rise” as used herein includes a reduction in blood sugar level, but specifically means "being able to lower blood sugar level that has risen above a normal value or more than necessary.” . To determine normal blood sugar levels, refer to the diagnostic criteria of the Japan Diabetes Society (revised in 2012).
- an increase in blood sugar level may refer to an increase that occurs after a meal.
- the composition of the present invention has DPP-IV inhibitory activity, it is thought that it is possible to prevent, improve, or treat diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be ingested or administered to animals including humans and used in methods for preventing, improving, and/or treating diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV.
- prevention of diseases, symptoms, etc. refers to preventing the occurrence of diseases, symptoms, etc., delaying the occurrence, and preventing the occurrence of diseases, symptoms, etc. in applicable subjects who are not suffering from (onset of) the diseases, symptoms, etc. Including reducing risk.
- the subject to whom the oligopeptide of the present invention is administered (administrator) and the subject to whom it is ingested (ingestor) are not particularly limited as long as it is an animal, but are usually humans. Furthermore, the subject may be an adult, child, infant, newborn, or the like. Furthermore, gender is not particularly limited.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the use of the oligopeptide of the present invention in the production of a composition for inhibiting DPP-IV, or a composition for preventing, improving and/or treating diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV. It is. Another aspect of the invention is the use of the oligopeptides of the invention in inhibiting DPP-IV or preventing, ameliorating and/or treating diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV. Another aspect of the present invention is the oligopeptide of the present invention, which is used for inhibiting DPP-IV or preventing, improving, and/or treating diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of inhibiting DPP-IV or preventing, ameliorating and/or treating diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV, which comprises administering the oligopeptide of the present invention to an animal.
- the oligopeptide of the present invention shall contain at least a VP peptide.
- the present embodiment may be used for therapeutic purposes or non-therapeutic purposes.
- the composition of the present invention when used for non-therapeutic purposes, it can be administered to healthy subjects.
- a healthy person may mean a person who does not suffer from diabetes but has a high blood sugar level, a person who does not suffer from diabetes but is concerned about postprandial hyperglycemia, and the like.
- the composition of the present invention when used for non-therapeutic purposes, it can be used to exert the DPP-IV inhibitory effect of the VP peptide in healthy subjects.
- the composition of the present invention when used for non-therapeutic purposes, it allows prevention of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases in healthy individuals. Diseases that can be prevented include diabetes, postprandial hyperglycemia, kidney disease, neurological disorders, arteriosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, retinopathy, osteoporosis, cancer, and dementia.
- composition of the present invention When used for therapeutic purposes, it can be administered to an unhealthy subject.
- unhealthy people include people with diabetes.
- Diabetes-related diseases include postprandial hyperglycemia, kidney disease, neuropathy, arteriosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, retinopathy, osteoporosis, cancer, and dementia.
- compositions of the invention when used for therapeutic purposes, they may enable the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases in non-healthy individuals.
- composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is used for inhibiting DPP-IV, it can be suitably used for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV as described above. is preferred. That is, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing, ameliorating, or treating diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV is also an aspect of the present invention.
- diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV include, but are not limited to, hyperglycemia, diabetes, diabetic complications, vascular endothelial disorders, and vascular disorders.
- diabetes mellitus includes type 2 diabetes, and more preferably type 2 diabetes due to decreased insulin secretion.
- diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV may be directly related to DPP-IV or may be indirectly related to DPP-IV.
- various diseases and symptoms caused by hyperglycemia, diabetes and hyperglycemic conditions can also be targeted by the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
- diseases and symptoms include, for example, diabetic microangiopathy (e.g., retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, etc.) and macrovascular complications (e.g., ischemic heart disease such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, etc.). Infarction, arteriosclerosis obliterans, gangrene, etc.).
- the administration route of the pharmaceutical composition may be either oral or parenteral, but oral is preferred.
- parenteral ingestion include transdermal administration, intravenous injection, rectal administration, and inhalation.
- the form of the pharmaceutical composition can be appropriately formulated into a desired dosage form depending on the administration method.
- oral administration it can be formulated into solid preparations such as powders, granules, tablets, and capsules; liquid preparations such as solutions, syrups, suspensions, and emulsions.
- parenteral administration it can be formulated into suppositories, ointments, injections, etc.
- formulation in addition to the oligopeptide of the present invention, components such as excipients, pH adjusters, coloring agents, and flavoring agents that are commonly used in formulation can be used.
- other medicinal ingredients such as other medicinal ingredients and ingredients that can prevent, improve and/or treat diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV that are known or will be discovered in the future.
- other peptides may be present in combination as long as they do not impede the effects of the present invention.
- formulation can be carried out by appropriately known methods depending on the dosage form.
- carriers commonly used in formulation may be added as appropriate. Such carriers include excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, stabilizers, flavoring agents, and the like.
- excipients include sugar derivatives such as lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol; starch derivatives such as corn starch, potato starch, ⁇ -starch, dextrin, and carboxymethyl starch; crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, Cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium; gum arabic; dextran; pullulan; silicate derivatives such as light silicic anhydride, synthetic aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminate metasilicate; phosphate derivatives such as calcium phosphate; carbonic acid Examples include carbonate derivatives such as calcium; sulfate derivatives such as calcium sulfate.
- binder examples include, in addition to the excipients mentioned above, gelatin; polyvinylpyrrolidone; macrogol, and the like.
- disintegrant examples include, in addition to the above excipients, chemically modified starch or cellulose derivatives such as croscarmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, and crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- lubricants include talc; stearic acid; stearic acid metal salts such as calcium stearate and magnesium stearate; colloidal silica; waxes such as vegum and gay wax; boric acid; glycol; carboxylic acids such as fumaric acid and adipic acid. ; carboxylic acid sodium salts such as sodium benzoate; sulfates such as sodium sulfate; leucine; lauryl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium lauryl sulfate; silicic acids such as silicic anhydride and silicic acid hydrate; starch derivatives, etc. It will be done.
- the stabilizer examples include paraoxybenzoic acid esters such as methylparaben and propylparaben; alcohols such as chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol; benzalkonium chloride; acetic anhydride; and sorbic acid.
- flavoring agents include sweeteners, acidulants, fragrances, and the like.
- carriers used in the case of liquid preparations for oral administration include solvents such as water.
- the timing of ingesting the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, such as before a meal, after a meal, between meals, or before going to bed, but preferably before a meal.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered to an unhealthy person and used for the above-mentioned therapeutic purposes.
- composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is to be ingested orally, it is also preferably in the form of a food or drink.
- the composition of the present invention can be ingested with an eye toward the favorable effects obtained through small intestinal absorption of the VP peptide.
- the VP peptide since the VP peptide has DPP-IV inhibitory activity, it has the effect of suppressing blood sugar level rise, improving hyperglycemia, suppressing vascular endothelial function decline, suppressing vascular endothelial disorder, suppressing vascular endothelial disorder, and suppressing vascular endothelial dysfunction. Since it exhibits a cell protective effect, an appetite suppressing effect, etc., it can be made into a composition that is used with these effects in mind.
- a particularly preferred embodiment includes a composition for suppressing postprandial blood sugar level rise.
- composition of the present invention can be in the form of a food or drink without any particular use limitation.
- it can be used as a food or drink that is used for the various functions described above, and particularly preferably as a food or drink that suppresses postprandial blood sugar level rise.
- the form and properties of the food and drink are not particularly limited as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention and can be ingested orally, and raw materials commonly used for food and drink may be used, except for containing the oligopeptide of the present invention. It can be manufactured by conventional methods.
- Foods and beverages may be in the form of liquids, pastes, gel-like solids, powders, etc., such as tablets, liquid foods (nutritive foods for tube administration), bread, macaroni, spaghetti, noodles, cake mixes, etc.
- Flour products such as fried flour and bread crumbs; instant noodles, cup noodles, retort and cooked foods, cooked canned foods, microwave foods, instant soups and stews, instant miso soup and soups, canned soups, freeze-dried foods, and other instant foods, etc.
- Agricultural processed products such as canned agricultural products, canned fruits, jams and marmalade, pickles, boiled beans, dried agricultural products, cereals (processed grain products); Canned marine products, fish hams and sausages, seafood paste products, marine delicacies , processed fish products such as boiled fish; processed livestock products such as canned livestock products and pastes, meat hams and sausages; processed milk, milk drinks, yogurt (fermented milk), lactic acid bacteria drinks, cheese, ice cream, and powdered milk Milk and dairy products such as milk, cream, and other dairy products; Oils and fats such as butter, margarine, and vegetable oil; Basic seasonings such as soy sauce, miso, sauces, tomato processed seasonings, mirin, and vinegar; Cooking Complex seasonings and foods such as mixes, curry ingredients, sauces, dressings, noodle soups, spices, and other complex seasonings; Frozen foods such as raw frozen foods, semi-cooked frozen foods, and cooked frozen foods Confectionery such as caramel, candy, chewing
- supplements nutritional compositions such as formula milk (including powdered milk, liquid milk, etc.); enteral nutritional foods; functional foods (specified health products); foods, nutritional functional foods); food additives, etc.
- formula milk including powdered milk, liquid milk, etc.
- enteral nutritional foods including powdered milk, liquid milk, etc.
- functional foods specified health products
- foods nutritional functional foods
- food additives etc.
- they can be in various dosage forms, such as powders, granules, tablets, capsules, etc., which may be enteric-coated with enteric coating. It can be formulated into solid preparations; liquid preparations such as solutions, syrups, suspensions, and emulsions; and the like. They may also be packaged in units, and preferably in the form of unit packages of powder, for example.
- ingredients, carriers, and methods for formulation of pharmaceuticals which will be described later.
- the feed can also be used as feed as one aspect of food and drink products.
- the feed include pet food, livestock feed, and fish feed.
- the form of the feed is not particularly limited, and in addition to the oligopeptide of the present invention (containing at least the VP peptide), for example, cereals such as corn, wheat, barley, rye, and milo; soybean oil meal, rapeseed oil meal, coconut oil meal, and flaxseed.
- Vegetable oil cakes such as oil cake
- Rice bran such as wheat bran, wheat bran, rice bran, and defatted rice bran
- Manufactured meal cakes such as corn gluten meal and corn jam meal
- Animal products such as fish meal, skim milk powder, whey, yellow grease, and tallow Feeds
- yeasts such as torula yeast and brewer's yeast
- mineral feeds such as tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
- oils and fats simple amino acids
- composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is in the form of a food or drink (including feed), it is used for favorable effects obtained by absorption of the VP peptide into the small intestine, particularly for the improvement of diseases and symptoms caused by DPP-IV. It is possible to provide and sell food and drinks labeled with the purpose of use, prevention of brain function decline, prevention of memory decline, etc. Furthermore, the oligopeptide of the present invention (including at least the VP peptide) according to this specification can be used for producing these foods and drinks.
- Such acts of "display” include all acts to inform the consumer of the above-mentioned use, and if the expression is such that it may remind or infer the above-mentioned use, the purpose of the display, the content of the display, Regardless of the object or medium to be displayed, all of them fall under the act of "display” in the present invention. Moreover, it is preferable that the "display” be performed using expressions that allow the consumer to directly recognize the above-mentioned use. Specifically, the act of transferring, handing over, exhibiting for transfer or delivery, or importing food and drink products or products with the above-mentioned usage written on their packaging, advertisements related to products, price lists, or transaction documents. Examples include actions such as displaying or distributing information with the above-mentioned uses written thereon, or writing the above-mentioned uses on information containing these items and providing it by electromagnetic (Internet, etc.) method.
- the display content is preferably a display approved by the government (for example, a display that has been approved based on various systems established by the government and is performed in a manner based on such approval). Further, it is preferable to attach such display contents to packaging, containers, catalogs, pamphlets, promotional materials at sales sites such as POP, and other documents.
- labeling includes health foods, functional foods, enteral nutritional foods, special purpose foods, foods with health claims, foods for specified health uses, foods with nutritional function claims, foods with functional claims, quasi-drugs, etc. Display can also be mentioned.
- labeling approved by the Consumer Affairs Agency for example, labeling approved under the system related to food for specified health uses, food with nutritional function claims, or food with functional claims, or a system similar to these, etc. can be mentioned.
- labeling as a food for specified health uses labeling as a food for specified health uses with conditions, labeling that it affects the structure or function of the body, labeling to reduce disease risk, and labeling as a food for specified health uses based on scientific evidence.
- Cabinet Office Ordinance on Permission for Special Purpose Labeling as stipulated in the Health Promotion Act (Cabinet Office Ordinance No. 57 of August 31, 2009)
- Typical examples include labeling as food for specified health uses (in particular, labeling for health uses) and similar labeling as stipulated in the Act.
- Examples of such a display include, for example, a display such as "increases small intestine absorption of functional peptides". For example, ⁇ Slow the rise in blood sugar levels after meals'', ⁇ Suppress the rise in blood sugar levels after meals'', ⁇ For those who are concerned about blood sugar levels after meals'', ⁇ Reduce high blood sugar levels'', and ⁇ Reduce high blood sugar levels''.
- the food and drink products of the present invention can be administered to all subjects, including healthy and non-healthy people, but when the food or drink is labeled with a specific use or function, it is used for the non-therapeutic purposes mentioned above.
- Example 1 Evaluation of VP peptide permeability when VP peptide and one other peptide were added simultaneously
- Caco-2 monolayer Cell culture inserts for 24-well plates (manufactured by Greiner) were added at 5 ⁇ g/cm. The plate was coated with Collagen I (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) at a concentration of 2 , and after incubation for 60 minutes, was washed with PBS. On top of this, human colon cancer-derived cells (Caco-2) were seeded at 1.0 x 10 5 cells into each insert, and cultured for 21 days at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 environment to form a Caco-2 monolayer. Obtained.
- the medium used was DMEM-high glucose (10% FBS, 1% NEAA, 2% L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin).
- DMEM-high glucose 10% FBS, 1% NEAA, 2% L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin.
- Each insert was placed in a well of a 24-well plate, and the upper compartment (inner, luminal side) was filled with 150 ⁇ L of culture medium, and the lower compartment (outer, basement membrane side) was filled with 600 ⁇ L of culture medium, and the medium was added every 2 to 3 days. (See Transwell plate in Figure 1).
- VP peptide permeation test Transepithelial electrical resistance was measured using an electrical resistance measurement system (manufactured by Merck), and a Caco-2 monolayer of 750 ⁇ cm 2 or more was used for evaluation. After washing the Caco-2 monolayer with HBSS, 150 ⁇ L of each peptide solution dissolved in HBSS (pH 6.0) was added to the upper compartment (luminal side), and HBSS (pH 7.0) was added to the lower compartment (basement membrane side). 4) was added in an amount of 600 ⁇ L. After incubation for 120 minutes at 37° C. in a 5% CO 2 environment, the entire sample in the lower compartment was collected. As for the peptide, Net peptide manufactured by Genscript was used.
- VP peptide and the peptide containing VP in its sequence were added at the same time or individually (individual measurements) at a molar ratio of 1:1 or 10:1. ) was added. Further, as an example of adding an amino acid instead of another peptide, L-leucine was used, and L-leucine and VP peptide were added simultaneously or separately at a molar ratio of 1:1. In addition, in the conditions in which two types of peptides were combined in each test, the peptides were added so that the total molar concentration was 1 mM. Under the condition that each peptide was added alone, each peptide was added at the molar concentration of the peptide contained when the two types of peptides were combined (0.5 mM each in the case of a molar ratio of 1:1).
- Lucifer yellow Sigma-Aldrich
- the amount of VP peptide was measured for a sample of the lower compartment obtained using a Caco-2 monolayer with a Lucifer yellow transmittance of less than 3%, and the amount of VP peptide permeated was calculated using the following formula.
- Table 1 shows the ratio of VP peptide permeation amount under each peptide addition condition. Except for the combination of VP peptide and L-Leu, the VP peptide permeation amount ratio was 1.5 or more for both the 1:1 and 10:1 molar ratios, that is, the VP peptide and one type of peptide containing VP in the sequence When both were added at the same time, the amount of VP peptide permeated through the Caco-2 monolayer was more than 1.5 times higher than when each was added individually.
- Example 2 Evaluation of VP peptide permeability when VP peptide and three other peptides were added simultaneously
- (1) Preparation of Caco-2 monolayer As in Example 1, Caco-2 monolayer was grown in a transwell plate. was created.
- (2) VP peptide permeation test As in Example 1, the amount of VP peptide permeation when each peptide was added to a Caco-2 monolayer was measured.
- the peptides used were such that the molar ratio of the three types of peptides containing VP in their sequence (LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide) to the VP peptide was 3:1:1:1 or 10:1:1:1. , simultaneously or separately (in separate measurements).
- each test under conditions in which four types of peptides were combined, the peptides were added so that the total molar concentration was 1 mM. Under the conditions where each peptide was added alone, each peptide was added at the molar concentration of the peptide contained when the four types of peptides were combined. As in Example 1, the amount of VP peptide was measured for the sample in the lower compartment, and the amount of VP peptide permeation was calculated using the following formula.
- Results Table 2 shows the ratio of VP peptide permeation amount under each peptide addition condition.
- the VP peptide permeation amount ratio was 1.4 or more at any molar ratio, that is, the VP peptide and three types of peptides containing VP in their sequences were added at the same time.
- the amount of VP peptide permeated through the Caco-2 monolayer was more than 1.4 times higher than when each was added individually.
- Fermented milk Milk or skim milk is mixed with VP peptide, LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, VPQ peptide, as well as sucralose (manufactured by San-Eigen FF Co., Ltd.) and rare monosaccharide (product name: Rare Sugar Sweet (Matsuya Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- C Carbohydrate 5.0% by mass or more, and
- D Calcium 0.15%.
- a milk preparation is prepared so that it contains at least % by mass. A uniform mixture of the milk preparation, lactic acid bacteria, and bifidobacteria is fermented.
- composition containing VP peptide, LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide is obtained.
- the fermented milk contains (E) 0.0001% by mass or more of VP peptide, (F) 0.00001% by mass or more of LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide in total, and (G) 0.005 to 0.02 mass% of sucralose. %, (H) 0.05-0.1% by weight of D-psicose and D-allose, and (I) 1-4% by weight of lactulose.
- the daily intake of VP peptide, LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide should be 1 ⁇ g or more of VP peptide/kg body weight/day, and a total of 0.1 ⁇ g or more of LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide/kg body weight/day. , Continuously ingest the fermented milk of this technology every day. This increases the absorption of the VP peptide, which is a functional peptide, and the effect of the VP peptide, for example, can be expected to suppress blood sugar rise.
- Powders containing VP peptide, LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide are mixed to obtain a powder containing VP peptide, LPVP peptide, VPN peptide, and VPQ peptide.
- the powder can be used as a supplement or can be mixed with water to make a drink. Further, the powder can be made into a capsule by filling it into a capsule container or coating it in a capsule. Moreover, the powder can be made into tablet confectionery by compression molding.
- the powder enhances the absorption of VP peptide, which is a functional peptide, and can be expected to have an effect of suppressing blood sugar rise, for example, as an effect of VP peptide.
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Abstract
Description
かかる状況に鑑みて、本発明は、生理機能性を有するペプチドの小腸吸収性を高める技術を提供することを課題とする。
(a)Val-Pro
本態様において、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及びテトラペプチドは、すなわち以下のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドが挙げられる。なお、Xaaは独立して1個の任意のアミノ酸残基である。
Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro、Xaa-Val-Pro-Xaa、Val-Pro-Xaa-Xaa、Xaa-Val-Pro、Val-Pro-Xaa
本態様において、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及びテトラペプチドは、以下の(b)または(c)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上であることが好ましい。なお、Xaaは独立して1個の任意のアミノ酸残基である。
(b)Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro
(c)Val-Pro-Xaa
本態様において、前記(b)又は(c)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上のペプチドが、以下の(d)~(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上を含むことが好ましい。
(d)Leu-Pro-Val-Pro
(e)Val-Pro-Asn
(f)Val-Pro-Gln
本態様において、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの含有量に対する、前記(d)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、(e)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、又は(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの含有量のモル比率は、1:10~30:1であることが好ましい。
本態様において、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの含有量に対する、前記(d)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、(e)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、及び(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの総含有量のモル比率は、1:10~10:1であることが好ましい。
本態様における組成物は、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドを、前記組成物中の0.0001質量%以上含むことが好ましい。
本態様において、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、(d)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、(e)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、及び(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種が乳由来であることが好ましい。
本態様の組成物は、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの小腸吸収を促進させるためのものであることが好ましい。
本態様の組成物は、発酵乳とすることが好ましい。
また、本態様の組成物は、単位包装粉末形態とすることが好ましい。
(a) Val-Pro
本態様において、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及びテトラペプチドは、以下の(b)または(c)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上であることが好ましい。なお、Xaaは独立して1個の任意のアミノ酸残基である。
(b)Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro
(c)Val-Pro-Xaa
本態様において、前記(b)または(c)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上のペプチドが、以下の(d)~(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上を含むことが好ましい。
(d)Leu-Pro-Val-Pro
(e)Val-Pro-Asn
(f)Val-Pro-Gln
Val-Proからなるジペプチドの小腸への吸収が促進されることにより、該ペプチドの有する生理機能性、例えばDPP-IV阻害活性を発揮させやすくすることが期待される。
本発明の第一の態様は、以下の(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド及び、前記(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及びテトラペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上と、を含有する組成物である(以降、「本発明の組成物」ともいう)。
(a)Val-Pro
(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドを、以降「VPペプチド」とも記す。
また、(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、並びに(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及びテトラペプチドを総括して、以降「本発明のオリゴペプチド」とも記す。
前記テトラペプチドとしては、Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro、Xaa-Val-Pro-Xaa及びVal-Pro-Xaa-Xaaが包含され、(b)Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro(Xaaは独立して1個の任意のアミノ酸残基であり、好ましくは非極性アミノ酸残基であり、より好ましくはLeu又はProである)からなるペプチドであることが好ましく、以下の(d)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドであることがより好ましい。
(d)Leu-Pro-Val-Pro
(d)のアミノ酸配列(配列番号1)からなるペプチドを、以降「LPVPペプチド」とも記す。
(e)Val-Pro-Asn
(f)Val-Pro-Gln
(e)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドを、以降「VPNペプチド」とも記す。
(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドを、以降「VPQペプチド」とも記す。
以下に(1)及び(2)の方法について具体的に説明する。
本発明のオリゴペプチドは、(a)のアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質やペプチドをタンパク質加水分解酵素や、酸・アルカリ等により加水分解し、得られた加水分解物から本発明のオリゴペプチドを分離精製して得ることができる。
原料となるタンパク質やペプチドは、少なくとも(a)のアミノ酸配列を含むものであれば特に制限されないが、(a)~(f)に記載のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を含むものが好ましい。
原料となるタンパク質やペプチドを含むものとしては、例えば、乳、大豆、卵、小麦、大麦、米、じゃが芋、さつま芋、えんどう豆、トウモロコシ、畜肉、魚肉、魚介などに由来するタンパク質などが挙げられ、これらのうち乳タンパク質であるカゼインが特に好ましい。すなわち、本発明のオリゴペプチドは、乳から取得されたもの(乳由来)であることが好ましく、カゼインから取得されたもの(カゼイン由来)であることがより好ましい。
また、本発明のオリゴペプチドは、必ずしも単一のタンパク質由来である必要はなく、異なるタンパク質由来であってもよい。
カゼインタンパク質は、本発明のオリゴペプチドを一次構造中に含むタンパク質であって、適宜加水分解酵素で消化したときに本発明のオリゴペプチドが生成可能なものである。
まず、酵素で加水分解する前に、原料タンパク質を水又は温湯に分散し、溶解してタンパク質水溶液を調製する。当該タンパク質を可溶化させるために、適宜pH調整を行ってもよい。当該タンパク質水溶液の濃度は、特に限定されないが、通常、タンパク質濃度として2質量%以上、さらに好ましくは5~30質量%程度の濃度範囲に設定するのが好適である。
さらに、前記タンパク質水溶液を、ナトリウム型又はカリウム型陽イオン交換樹脂(好適には強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂)を用いたイオン交換法、電気透析法、限界ろ過膜法、ルーズ逆浸透膜法等で脱塩し、適宜pH調整やカルシウム濃度調整を行うのが好適である。脱塩の際には、カラム式やバッチ式の何れを採用してもよい。また、タンパク質水溶液を、脱塩前等に適宜、加熱殺菌を行ってもよい。
酵素処理には、植物由来、動物由来、微生物由来等のタンパク質分解酵素を使用でき、これらから1種又は2種以上組み合わせて使用できる。当該タンパク質分解酵素としては、エンドプロテアーゼが好適である。
前記エンドプロテア-ゼとしては、例えば、セリンプロテアーゼ、メタロプロテアーゼ、システインプロテアーゼ、アスパラギン酸プロテアーゼが挙げられ、これらを1種又は2種以上選択して用いることができる。このうち、セリンプロテアーゼ及び/又はメタロプロテアーゼを用いるのが好適である。
また、プロテアーゼは、アルカリ性プロテアーゼ、中性プロテアーゼ及び酸性プロテアーゼに分類される。このうち中性プロテアーゼを用いるのが好適である。
前記タンパク質分解酵素による加水分解条件を適宜調整することにより、所望のペプチドを得ることができる。
前記タンパク質分解酵素の反応保持時間は、酵素反応の分解率をモニターしながら、好ましい分解率に達するまで反応を続ければよく例えば0.5~24時間で行うことが可能であり、好ましくは1~15時間、より好ましくは3~10時間である。特に、原料に前記カゼインタンパク質を用いた場合の分解率は10~40%であることが好ましく、25~35%であることがより好ましい。
分解率(%)=(ホルモール態窒素量/全窒素量)×100
加熱処理の方式としては、バッチ方式、連続方式のいずれの方式も可能であり、連続方式として、プレート熱交換方式、インフュージョン方式、インジェクション方式等の方式を用いることができる。
なお、前記の加熱失活処理は、加水分解物の殺菌処理として併用することも可能であり、常法による加熱処理方法等を用いることができる。
加水分解終了後、必要に応じて分解液のpHを、好ましくは6~8、より好ましくは7.0±0.5、さらに好ましくは7.0±0.3とするのが好適である。
また、前記タンパク質水溶液を、熱処理にて加水分解してもよい。このタンパク質水溶液は、pH未調整でもよく、またpH調整(具体的には、酸性(pH5以下)、中性(pH6~8)、アルカリ性(pH8以上))してもよい。熱処理は、4~100℃程度で、上記酸アルカリ処理のような条件にて行えばよい。
また、さらに、得られたタンパク質加水分解物に対して、適宜公知の分離精製を行ってもよい。例えば、得られたタンパク質加水分解物に対して分子量分画を行い、本発明に係る本発明のオリゴペプチドの分子量に該当する分画を含むタンパク質分解物を得ることができる。
分子量分画として、例えば、限外ろ過、ゲルろ過等の方法が採用でき、これにより不要な分子量のペプチドや遊離アミノ酸の除去率を高めることができる。
限外ろ過の場合には、所望の限外ろ過膜を使用すればよく、ゲルろ過の場合には、所望のサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーに用いるゲルろ過剤を使用すればよい。
さらに、脱塩や不純物を除去したり、純度を高めたりするために、公知の分離精製方法例えば、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、吸着クロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、分配クロマトグラフィー等の各種クロマトグラフィー、溶媒沈殿、塩析、2種の液相間での分配等の方法を用いてもよい。
このようにして得られた本発明のオリゴペプチドは、ペプチド溶液のまま使用することもでき、また、必要に応じて、該溶液を公知の方法により、濃縮した濃縮液として使用することもできる。また、該濃縮液を公知の方法により乾燥し、粉末にして使用することもできる。
本発明のオリゴペプチドは、化学合成又は生合成によっても製造することができる。
ペプチドの化学合成は、オリゴペプチドの合成に通常用いられている液相法または固相法によって行うことができる。合成されたペプチドは必要に応じて脱保護され、未反応試薬や副生物等を除去して、本発明のオリゴペプチドを単離することが可能である。このようなペプチドの合成は、市販のペプチド合成装置を用いて行うことができる。
ペプチドの生合成は、宿主生物にペプチド発現ベクターを導入して生成・分泌させるといった常法により行うことができる。
本発明の組成物における(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及びテトラペプチドの総含有量は、組成物全体に対して好ましくは0.00001質量%以上であり、より好ましくは0.00006質量%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.00015質量%以上であり、また、上限は特に限定されないが好ましくは5質量%以下であり、より好ましくは3質量%以下であり、さらに好ましくは1質量%以下である。
本発明の組成物におけるLPVPペプチドの含有量は、組成物全体に対して好ましくは0.000003質量%以上であり、より好ましくは0.000015質量%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.00005質量%以上であり、また、上限は特に限定されないが好ましくは5質量%以下であり、より好ましくは3質量%以下であり、さらに好ましくは1質量%以下である。
本発明の組成物におけるVPNペプチドの含有量は、組成物全体に対して好ましくは0.000003質量%以上であり、より好ましくは0.000015質量%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.00005質量%以上であり、また、上限は特に限定されないが好ましくは5質量%以下であり、より好ましくは3質量%以下であり、さらに好ましくは1質量%以下である。
本発明の組成物におけるVPQペプチドの含有量は、組成物全体に対して好ましくは0.000003質量%以上であり、より好ましくは0.000015質量%以上であり、さらに好ましくは0.00005質量%以上であり、また、上限は特に限定されないが好ましくは5質量%以下であり、より好ましくは3質量%以下であり、さらに好ましくは1質量%以下である。
本発明の組成物におけるVPペプチドの含有量に対する、Val-Pro-Xaaペプチドの含有量のモル比率(a):(c)は、1:10~30:1であることが好ましく、1:5~20:1であることがより好ましく、1:1~10:1であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の組成物におけるVPペプチドの含有量に対する、LPVPペプチドの含有量のモル比率(a):(d)は、1:10~30:1であることが好ましく、1:5~20:1であることがより好ましく、1:1~10:1であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の組成物におけるVPペプチドの含有量に対する、VPNペプチドの含有量のモル比率(a):(e)は、1:10~30:1であることが好ましく、1:5~20:1であることがより好ましく、1:1~10:1であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の組成物におけるVPペプチドの含有量に対する、VPQペプチドの含有量のモル比率(a):(f)は、1:10~30:1であることが好ましく、1:5~20:1であることがより好ましく、1:1~10:1であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の組成物におけるVPペプチドの含有量に対する、Xaa-Xaa-Val-Proペプチド、及びVal-Pro-Xaaペプチドの総含有量のモル比率は、特に限定されないが、1:10~10:1であることが好ましく、1:5~5:1であることがより好ましく、1:1~10:3であることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の組成物におけるVPペプチドの含有量に対する、LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、及びVPQペプチドの総含有量のモル比率は、特に限定されないが、1:10~10:1であることが好ましく、1:5~5:1であることがより好ましく、1:1~10:3であることがさらに好ましい。
(i)試料粉末を、1.0mg/mLとなるように、0.2%ギ酸水溶液に希釈溶解し、10分間超音波破砕したのち、0.22μm口径のPVDFフィルター(Millipore社製)でろ過して粉末溶液を調製し、下記測定条件によるLC/MS分析を実施する。一方、測定対象のペプチドの化学合成標準ペプチド(ペプチド研究所社製)の溶解液を濃度別に数点調製し、下記測定条件によるLC/MS分析を実施し、検量線を作成する。
前記粉末溶液の分析におけるピークのうち、標準ペプチドと分子量及びリテンションタイムが一致するものを、標準ペプチドと同一の配列として同定する。標準ペプチドのピーク面積と資料粉末のピーク面積を対比することにより、前記粉末溶液中に対象ペプチドの含有量を求める。
対象ペプチド含有量(mg/カゼイン加水分解物1g)=〔得られたカゼイン加水分解物中の対象ペプチド測定値(mg)〕/〔得られたカゼイン加水分解物の質量(g)〕
〔得られたカゼイン加水分解物中の対象ペプチド測定値(mg)〕は、下記「LC/MS」による、試料中の対象ペプチドの測定値である。
質量分析計:TSQ Quantum Discovery MAX(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)。
高速液体クロマトグラフ:Prominence (島津製作所社製)、カラム:XBridge BEH300 C18 φ2.1 mm×250 mm,3.5 μm(Waters社製)。
移動相A:0.1重量% ギ酸-水溶液
移動相B:0.1重量% ギ酸-アセトニトリル溶液
タイムプログラム:2%B(0.0分)-10%B(7.0分)-30%B(14分)-80%B(17分)-80%B(19.5分)-2%B(20.0分)-STOP(30.0分)。
試料注入量:10μL、カラム温度:40℃、液体流量:200μL/min
分析モード:PRM測定
Product Mass:m/z
「VPペプチド」=116.10(Parent m/z = 215.14)
「安定同位体VPペプチド」=116.10(Parent m/z = 221.21)
本発明の組成物の摂取(投与)量は、本発明に係る本発明のオリゴペプチド1種類ずつの摂取量として、例えば、成人において1μg/日~10mg/日の範囲が好ましく、5μg/日~5mg/日の範囲がさらに好ましい。
なお、摂取(投与)の量や期間にかかわらず、本発明の組成物は1日1回又は複数回に分けて投与することができる。
(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及びテトラペプチド、好ましくはLPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、又はVPQペプチドは、VPペプチドの小腸吸収を促進させることができる。
そのため、本発明の組成物は、VPペプチドの小腸吸収促進用途として好ましく適用できる。すなわち、(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及びテトラペプチド、好ましくはLPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、又はVPQペプチドは、VPペプチドの小腸吸収促進用組成物の有効成分となり得る。
また、本発明の第二の態様として、VPペプチドの小腸吸収促進用組成物が提供される。
本発明の別の側面は、VPペプチドの小腸吸収促進における、本発明のオリゴペプチドの使用である。
本発明の別の側面は、VPペプチドの小腸吸収促進のために用いられる、本発明のオリゴペプチドである。
本発明の別の側面は、本発明のオリゴペプチドを動物に投与することを含む、VPペプチドの小腸吸収を促進する方法である。
「非治療目的」とは、医療行為を含まない行為、すなわち、治療による人体への処置行為を含まない概念である。例えば、健康増進、美容行為等が挙げられる。
「改善」とは、疾患、症状または状態の好転;疾患、症状または状態の悪化防止、遅延;疾患または症状の進行の逆転、防止または遅延をいう。
「予防」とは、適用対象における疾患若しくは症状の発症の防止や遅延、または適用対象の疾患若しくは症状の危険性の低下をいう。
本発明の組成物の投与対象は、VPペプチドの小腸吸収促進効果が得られる限り、特に制限されないが、例えば、哺乳動物が挙げられる。哺乳動物としては、ヒトやイヌ、ネコ等が挙げられる。哺乳動物としては、特に、ヒトが挙げられる。本発明の組成物は、例えば、VPペプチドの小腸吸収促進効果を希望するいずれのヒトに投与されてもよい。ヒトは、例えば、乳児、幼児、小児、大人、中高年、高齢者等のいずれの年代の者であってもよい。「乳児」とは、生後1年未満の子供をいう。「幼児」とは、生後1年から小学校就学までの子供をいう。
本発明の組成物が非治療目的で使用される場合は、健常者における糖尿病および糖尿病に関連する疾患の予防が可能になる。予防の対象となる疾患としては、糖尿病、食後高血糖、腎臓病、神経障害、動脈硬化、脳卒中、心筋梗塞、網膜症、骨粗しょう症、がん、認知症等が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物が治療目的で使用される場合は、非健常者における糖尿病および糖尿病に関連する疾患の治療が可能になり得る。
本発明におけるVPペプチドは、前述した通りDPP-IV活性を阻害する作用を有する(非特許文献1及び2)。
そのため、VPペプチドと(a)のアミノ酸配列のN末端及び/又はC末端に任意のアミノ酸残基が付加されたトリペプチド及び/又はテトラペプチドとを含有する組成物、好ましくはVPペプチドと、LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、及びVPQペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上とを含有する組成物は、VPペプチドの小腸吸収を促進させることができるため、より効果が発揮されやすいDPP-IV阻害用組成物として用いることができる。
なお、DPP-IV阻害活性、阻害率、IC50は、定法により確認することができる。
DPP-IVは生体内での様々な役割が果たすことが想定されており、その1つとしてDPP-IVが、生体内の生理機能に関与している物質を分解することで、種々の疾患や症状が生じる場合がある。このため、DPP-IVを阻害すると、通常DPP-IVによって分解される生体内の生理機能に関与している物質の分解が抑制されその寿命が延びることを利用して、DPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状の予防、改善又は治療が可能となる。
DPP-IVが分解しうる生理機能に関与する物質として、例えば、インクレチンであるグルカゴン様ペプチド1(Glucagon-like peptide-1:以下、「GLP-1」という)及びグルコース依存性インスリン分泌刺激ポリペプチド(Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide:以下、「GIP」という)が挙げられる。
GLP-1は、食後に放出されるものであり、インスリンの生合成及び分泌に対するグルコース誘導性の刺激、グルカゴン分泌抑制、遺伝子発現の調整、β細胞に対する栄養性の効果、食物摂取の抑制、及び胃内容排出の緩徐化をはじめとする、多面的な作用を有する。GIPもまた、食後に放出され、血糖濃度依存的に膵臓からのインスリン分泌を促進する作用を有する。
DPP-IVを阻害すると、GLP-1及びGIPの分解が抑制され、血中のこれらインクレチン濃度が上昇する。その結果、インスリン分泌が促進され、血糖値を低下させることが知られている。このインクレチンによるインスリン分泌促進の作動条件は血糖値が高いことであるため、2型糖尿病の中でもインスリン分泌低下による糖尿病において、DPP-IVを阻害することは、従前のインスリン分泌促進剤で生じる低血糖の副作用が生じにくいと考えられる。
近年、DPP-IV阻害薬を投与することで内皮細胞の機能が改善することが多数報告されている(例えば、Endocrine Journal 2011, 58 (1), 69-73、J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012, 59(3), 265-76、Diabetes Care. 2011, 34(9), 2072-7、Cardiovascular Diabetology 2011, 10(85)等)。かかる内皮細胞機能改善効果は、単に血糖値を下げることによる改善の他に、インクレチンによる血管の保護作用を介していると考えられている。高血糖により内皮細胞の機能が低下し、血管のしなやかさが失われると、血圧が上昇し、上昇した血圧がさらに血管を傷めるという悪循環が、心臓・腎臓・脳といった臓器への悪影響となって現れる。そのため、DPP-IV阻害剤は循環器系の治療においても、重要な役割を果たすものと考えられている。
なお、本明細書における「血糖値上昇抑制」とは、血糖値低下を含む意味であるが、特に「正常値以上又は必要以上に上昇した血糖値を下げることができること」を意味するものである。血糖値の正常値の判断は、日本糖尿病学会の診断基準(2012年改訂)を参考にすればよい。なお、血糖値上昇は、食後に生じる上昇を指すものであってよい。
さらに、本発明の組成物は、DPP-IV阻害活性を有することにより、DPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状の予防、改善又は治療が可能と考えられる。よって、本発明の組成物は、ヒトを含む動物に摂取又は投与して、DPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状等の予防、改善及び/又は治療を図るための方法に使用することができる。
ここで、疾患や症状等の予防とは、疾患や症状等を罹患(発症)していない適用対象において、疾患又は症状等の発生を防止すること、該発生を遅延させること、及び該発生の危険性を低下させることを含む。
本発明の別の側面は、DPP-IV阻害、又はDPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状の予防、改善及び/若しくは治療における、本発明のオリゴペプチドの使用である。
本発明の別の側面は、DPP-IV阻害、又はDPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状の予防、改善及び/若しくは治療のために用いられる、本発明のオリゴペプチドである。
本発明の別の側面は、本発明のオリゴペプチドを動物に投与することを含む、DPP-IVを阻害する、又はDPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状を予防、改善及び/若しくは治療する方法である。
なお、これらの側面において、本発明のオリゴペプチドは少なくともVPペプチドを含むものとする。
本発明の組成物が非治療目的で使用される場合は、健常者を対象に投与されうる。健常者とは、糖尿病に罹患していないが血糖値が高めである者、糖尿病に罹患していないが食後高血糖が気になる者等を意味してよい。本発明の組成物が非治療目的で使用される場合は、VPペプチドが有するDPP-IV阻害効果を健常者で発揮させるために使用され得る。
本発明の組成物が非治療目的で使用される場合は、健常者における糖尿病および糖尿病に関連する疾患の予防が可能になる。予防の対象となる疾患としては、糖尿病、食後高血糖、腎臓病、神経障害、動脈硬化、脳卒中、心筋梗塞、網膜症、骨粗しょう症、がん、認知症等が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物が治療目的で使用される場合は、非健常者における糖尿病および糖尿病に関連する疾患の治療が可能になり得る。
本発明の組成物をDPP-IV阻害用途に供する場合は、前述の通りDPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状の予防、改善又は治療に好適に用いることができるため、医薬組成物に含有させる態様が好ましい。すなわち、DPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状の予防、改善又は治療のための医薬組成物も本発明の一態様である。
DPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状として、例えば、高血糖症、糖尿病、糖尿病合併症、血管内皮障害、血管障害等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。糖尿病としては、好ましくは2型糖尿病が挙げられ、より好ましくはインスリン分泌低下による2型糖尿病が挙げられる。なお、DPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状には、DPP-IVが直接的に関与するものの他、DPP-IVが間接的に関与するものであってよい。
さらに、高血糖症、糖尿病及び高血糖状態によって引き起こされる種々の疾患や症状も、本発明の医薬組成物の対象となり得る。かかる疾患や症状としては、例えば、糖尿病性の細小血管症(例えば、網膜症、腎症、神経障害等)及び大血管合併症(例えば、狭心症・心筋梗塞等の虚血性心疾患、脳梗塞、閉塞性動脈硬化、壊疽等)等が挙げられる。
医薬組成物の形態としては、投与方法に応じて、適宜所望の剤形に製剤化することができる。例えば、経口投与の場合、散剤、顆粒剤、錠剤、カプセル剤等の固形製剤;溶液剤、シロップ剤、懸濁剤、乳剤等の液剤等に製剤化することができる。また、非経口投与の場合、座剤、軟膏剤、注射剤等に製剤化することができる。
製剤化に際しては、本発明のオリゴペプチドの他に、通常製剤化に用いられている賦形剤、pH調整剤、着色剤、矯味剤等の成分を用いることができる。また、他の薬効成分や、公知の又は将来的に見出されるDPP-IVに起因する疾患や症状を予防、改善及び/又は治療し得る成分等の他の医薬を併用することも可能である。
また、本発明の効果を妨げない限りにおいて、他のペプチドが併存してもかまわない。
加えて、製剤化は剤形に応じて適宜公知の方法により実施できる。製剤化に際しては、適宜、通常製剤化に用いる担体を配合して製剤化してもよい。かかる担体としては、賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、安定剤、矯味矯臭剤等が挙げられる。
なお、経口投与用の液剤の場合に使用する担体としては、水等の溶剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物を経口摂取される態様とする場合は、飲食品の形態とすることもまた好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、特に用途を限定せずに飲食品の形態とすることができる。また、前述した種々の作用に係る用途に供される飲食品とすることもでき、特に好ましくは食後血糖値上昇抑制用の飲食品とすることができる。
サプリメントや食品添加物等の形態とする場合は、種々の剤型とすることができ、例えば腸溶性コーティング等により腸溶処理されてもよい、散剤(粉末)、顆粒剤、錠剤、カプセル剤等の固形製剤;溶液剤、シロップ剤、懸濁剤、乳剤等の液剤;等に製剤化することができる。またそれらを単位包装してもよく、例えば単位包装粉末形態とすることが好ましい。製剤化に際しては、後述する医薬品の製剤化に係る成分、担体、及び方法の説明に準ずることができる。
飼料の形態としては特に制限されず、本発明のオリゴペプチド(少なくともVPペプチドを含む)の他に例えば、トウモロコシ、小麦、大麦、ライ麦、マイロ等の穀類;大豆油粕、ナタネ油粕、ヤシ油粕、アマニ油粕等の植物性油粕類;フスマ、麦糠、米糠、脱脂米糠等の糠類;コーングルテンミール、コーンジャムミール等の製造粕類;魚粉、脱脂粉乳、ホエイ、イエローグリース、タロー等の動物性飼料類;トルラ酵母、ビール酵母等の酵母類;第三リン酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム等の鉱物質飼料;油脂類;単体アミノ酸;糖類等を含有するものであってよい。
また、「表示」は、需要者が上記用途を直接的に認識できるような表現により行われることが好ましい。具体的には、飲食品に係る商品又は商品の包装に前記用途を記載したものを譲渡し、引き渡し、譲渡若しくは引き渡しのために展示し、輸入する行為、商品に関する広告、価格表若しくは取引書類に上記用途を記載して展示し、若しくは頒布し、又はこれらを内容とする情報に上記用途を記載して電磁気的(インターネット等)方法により提供する行為等が挙げられる。
また、例えば「食後の血糖値上昇を緩やかにする」、「食後の血糖値上昇を抑える」、「食後の血糖値が気になる方へ」、「高めの血糖値を下げる」、「高めの血糖値が気になる方へ」、「高めの空腹時血糖値を下げる」、「高めの空腹時血糖値が気になる方へ」、「高めのHbA1c(糖化ヘモグロビン)値を下げる」、「高めのHbA1c(糖化ヘモグロビン)値が気になる方へ」、「高血糖の改善のために」、「血管内皮細胞をまもる」、「食欲を抑えたいときに」等と表示することが挙げられる。
対象サンプル中のペプチド含有量を、下記の方法にて測定した。
(1)サンプル調整
サンプル溶液に一定量(終濃度0.5μg/mL)の「安定同位体VPペプチド」(分子量220.20)を添加し、下記測定条件によりLC/MS分析を実施した。一方、測定対象のジペプチド「VPペプチド」(分子量214.13)の化学合成標準ペプチド(Gen Script社製)の溶解液を濃度別に数点調製し、サンプル溶液と同様に一定量(終濃度0.5μg/mL)の「安定同位体VPペプチド」を添加し、下記測定条件によるLC/MS分析を実施し、検量線を作成した。
前記サンプル溶液の分析におけるピークのうち、Product Mass及びリテンションタイムが標準ペプチドと一致するものを、標準ペプチドと同一の配列を有するペプチドのピークとして同定した。標準ペプチドのピーク面積比(「VPペプチド」/「安定同位体VPペプチド」)とサンプル溶液のピーク面積比(「VPペプチド」/「安定同位体VPペプチド」)を対比することにより、前記粉末溶液中に対象ペプチドの含有量(VPペプチド濃度μM)を求めた。
質量分析計:Q Exactive Focus(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)。
高速液体クロマトグラフ:UltiMate3000(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)、カラム:XBridge BEH300 C18 φ2.1 mm×250 mm,3.5 μm(Waters社製)。
移動相A:0.1重量% ギ酸-水溶液
移動相B:0.1重量% ギ酸-アセトニトリル溶液
タイムプログラム:2%B(0.0分)-10%B(7.0分)-30%B(14分)-80%B(17分)-80%B(19.5分)-2%B(20.0分)-STOP(30.0分)。
試料注入量:10μL、カラム温度:40℃、液体流量:200μL/min
分析モード:PRM測定。
Product Mass:m/z
「VPペプチド」=116.10(Parent m/z = 215.14)
「安定同位体VPペプチド」=116.10(Parent m/z = 221.21)
(1)Caco-2単層の作製
24ウェルプレート用細胞培養インサート(Greiner社製)を5μg/cm2になるようにコラーゲンI(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)でコートし、60分間インキュベート後、PBSで洗浄した。その上にヒト結腸がん由来細胞(Caco-2)を各インサートに1.0×105cellsずつ播種し、37℃、5%CO2環境下で21日間培養してCaco-2単層を得た。培地はDMEM-高グルコース(10%FBS、1%NEAA、2% L-グルタミン、100U/mLペニシリン、100μg/mL ストレプトマイシン)を使用した。各インサートは24ウェルプレートのウェル内に設置し、上部コンパートメント(内側、管腔側)は150μL、下部コンパートメント(外側、基底膜側)は600μLの培地を満たして培養し、2~3日毎に培地交換をした(図1のトランスウェルプレートを参照)。
電気抵抗値測定システム(Merck社製)を用いて経上皮電気抵抗(TER)を測定し、750Ω・cm2以上のCaco-2単層を評価に使用した。Caco-2単層をHBSSで洗浄後、上部コンパートメント(管腔側)にはHBSS(pH6.0)で溶解した各ペプチド溶液を150μL添加し、下部コンパートメント(基底膜側)にはHBSS(pH7.4)を600μL添加した。37℃、5%CO2環境下で120分間インキュベート後、下部コンパートメントのサンプルを全量回収した。
ペプチドについては、Genscript社製のNetペプチドを使用した。VPペプチドと、配列中にVPを含むペプチド(LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、又はVPQペプチド)一種の添加モル比が1:1又は10:1になるように、同時又はそれぞれ単独に(個別の測定で)に添加した。また、他のペプチドに代えてアミノ酸を添加する例としてL-ロイシンを用い、それとVPペプチドの添加モル比が1:1となるように同時もしくは個別に添加した。
なお、それぞれの試験において2種類のペプチドを組み合わせた条件では、合計モル濃度が1mMになるようにペプチドを添加した。単独に添加した条件では、2種類のペプチドを組み合わせた際に含まれる当該ペプチドのモル濃度(モル比1:1の場合は0.5mMずつ)で、各ペプチドを添加した。
Lucifer yellow透過率が3%未満のCaco-2単層を用いて得られた下部コンパートメントのサンプルについて、VPペプチド量を測定し、下記の式を用いてVPペプチド透過量を算出した。
各ペプチド添加条件におけるVPペプチド透過量比を表1に示す。VPペプチドとL-Leuの組み合わせを除き、モル比1:1、10:1ともにVPペプチド透過量比が1.5以上になった、つまり、VPペプチドと配列にVPを含む一種類のペプチドとを同時に添加した場合では、それぞれ個別に添加した場合と比較してCaco-2単層のVPペプチド透過量が1.5倍以上多くなった。
(1)Caco-2単層の作製
実施例1と同様に、トランスウェルプレートでCaco―2単層を作製した。
(2)VPペプチド透過試験
実施例1と同様に各ペプチドをCaco-2単層に添加した場合のVPペプチド透過量を測定した。
用いたペプチドはVPペプチドに対する、配列中にVPを含むペプチド三種(LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、及びVPQペプチド)の添加モル比が3:1:1:1又は10:1:1:1になるように、同時又はそれぞれ単独に(個別の測定で)に添加した。なお、それぞれの試験において、4種類のペプチドを組み合わせた条件では、合計モル濃度が1mMになるようにペプチドを添加した。単独に添加した条件では、4種類のペプチドを組み合わせた際に含まれる当該ペプチドのモル濃度で、各ペプチドを添加した。
実施例1と同様に下部コンパートメントのサンプルについてVPペプチド量を測定し、下記の式を用いてVPペプチド透過量を算出した。
各ペプチド添加条件におけるVPペプチド透過量比を表2に示す。VPペプチドと3種類のペプチドとの組み合わせにおいて、いずれのモル比でもVPペプチド透過量比が1.4以上になった、つまり、VPペプチドと配列にVPを含む3種類のペプチドとを同時に添加した場合では、それぞれ個別に添加した場合と比較してCaco-2単層のVPペプチド透過量が1.4倍以上多くなった。
牛乳又は脱脂乳に、VPペプチド、LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、VPQペプチド、並びにスクラロース(三栄源エフエフ社製)及び希少単糖(商品名:レアシュガースウィート(松谷化学工業社製))を配合し、(A)乳タンパク質 3.5質量%以上、(B)乳脂肪 3.5質量%以下、(C)炭水化物 5.0質量%以上、及び(D)カルシウム 0.15質量%以上を含むように調乳液を調製する。
当該調乳液と乳酸菌及びビフィズス菌を均一に混合した混合物を発酵させる。これにより、VPペプチド、LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、VPQペプチドを含む組成物(発酵乳)を得る。当該発酵乳には、(E)VPペプチド0.0001質量%以上、(F)LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、VPQペプチドを合計0.00001質量%以上、(G)スクラロース0.005~0.02質量%、(H)D-プシコース及びD-アロース0.05~0.1質量%、及び(I)ラクチュロース1~4質量%が含まれる。
VPペプチド、LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、VPQペプチドの1日摂取量がそれぞれVPペプチド1μg以上/kg体重/日、LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、VPQペプチド合計0.1μg以上/kg体重/日になるように、本技術の発酵乳を毎日継続して摂取する。これにより、機能性ペプチドであるVPペプチドの吸収を高め、VPペプチドの効果として例えば血糖上昇抑制効果が期待できる。
表3に示す各成分(粉末)を混合して、VPペプチド、LPVPペプチド、VPNペプチド、VPQペプチドを含む粉末を得る。当該粉末は、サプリメントとして使用することができ、また水と混合することで飲料とすることができる。また、当該粉末は、カブセル容器に充填又はカプセル皮膜することで、カプセル剤とすることができる。また、当該粉末は、圧縮成形することで、錠菓とすることができる。当該粉末により、機能性ペプチドであるVPペプチドの吸収を高め、VPペプチドの効果として例えば血糖上昇抑制効果が期待できる。
Claims (11)
- 以下の(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド及び、
(b)または(c)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上と、を含有する組成物(ただしXaaは独立して1個の任意のアミノ酸残基を表す)。
(a)Val-Pro
(b)Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro
(c)Val-Pro-Xaa - 前記(b)または(c)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上のペプチドが、以下の(d)~(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
(d)Leu-Pro-Val-Pro
(e)Val-Pro-Asn
(f)Val-Pro-Gln - 前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの含有量に対する、
前記(d)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、(e)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、又は(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの含有量のモル比率が1:10~30:1である、請求項2に記載の組成物。 - 前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの含有量に対する、
前記(d)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、(e)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、及び(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの総含有量のモル比率が1:10~10:1である、請求項2に記載の組成物。 - 前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドを、前記組成物中の0.0001質量%以上含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、(d)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、(e)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド、及び(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種が乳由来である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの小腸吸収を促進させるための、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 発酵乳である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 単位包装粉末形態である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 以下の(b)または(c)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上を含有する、(a)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの小腸吸収促進用組成物(ただしXaaは独立して1個の任意のアミノ酸残基を表す)。
(a)Val-Pro
(b)Xaa-Xaa-Val-Pro
(c)Val-Pro-Xaa - 前記(b)または(c)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上のペプチドが、以下の(d)~(f)のアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上を含む、請求項10に記載の組成物。
(d)Leu-Pro-Val-Pro
(e)Val-Pro-Asn
(f)Val-Pro-Gln
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