WO2024038068A1 - Materialien für organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen - Google Patents
Materialien für organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen Download PDFInfo
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- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- H10K85/622—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing four rings, e.g. pyrene
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- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to diazadibenzofuran or diazadibenzothiophene derivatives and electronic devices containing these compounds, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing these compounds as matrix materials, optionally in combination with a further matrix material and suitable phosphorescent emitters, suitable mixtures and formulations.
- Phosphorescent organometallic complexes are often used in organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs). In general, there is still room for improvement with OLEDs, for example in terms of efficiency, operating voltage and service life.
- OLEDs organic electroluminescent devices
- the properties of phosphorescent OLEDs are not only determined by the triplet emitters used.
- the other materials used, such as matrix materials, are of particular importance here. Improvements in these materials can therefore also lead to significant improvements in the OLED properties.
- carbazole derivatives dibenzofuran derivatives, indenocarbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, benzofurocarbazole derivatives and benzothienocarbazole derivatives, among others, are used as matrix materials for phosphorescent emitters.
- WO19017731 A1 and WO19098765 A1 special diazadibenzofuran or diazadibenzothiophene derivatives are described, suitable for use in organic electronic devices.
- the object of the present invention is to provide Compounds that are particularly suitable for use as a matrix material in a phosphorescent OLED.
- Emitter concentration i.e. H. Emitter concentrations in the order of 3 to 20%, in particular from 3 to 15%, since the device lifespan is particularly limited here.
- electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to the following formulas (1a) and (1b) have improvements over the prior art, particularly when using the compounds as matrix material for phosphorescent dopants.
- a first subject of the present invention is a compound according to formula (1a) or formula (1b), Formula (1b), whereby the following applies to the symbols and indices used:
- V is independently O or S on each occurrence;
- Li is a linker selected from L-1 to L26, which can be partially or completely deuterated, or a combination of the linkers L-1 to L-26, where the linkers L-1 to L-26 can be partially or completely deuterated,
- Vi is O or S; the dashed lines indicate the connection to Rx and the remainder of formula (1a) or formula (1b);
- R 1 is independently H, D, or non-deuterated or partially or completely deuterated phenyl, 1,4-biphenyl, 1-3-biphenyl or 1,2-biphenyl;
- Ar are, in each case identical or different, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R;
- Ar2 are, identically or differently, an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 9 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R;
- R is selected the same or differently from the group consisting of D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, where one or more non- adjacent CH2 groups can be replaced by O or S and one or more H atoms can be replaced by D, F, or CN;
- R# occurs, it is D, F or non-deuterated or partially or fully deuterated phenyl, 1,4-biphenyl, 1-3-biphenyl or 1,2-biphenyl;
- [L] is an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 9 to 40 ring atoms, which may be unsubstituted or partially or completely substituted with D;
- b, b1 are each independently 0 or 1.
- b2 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the condition for compounds of formula (1a) if Li is a linker L-3 or L-8 that is not deuterated, then Li-Rx is only in the Positions 6, 7 or 9 bound to the rest of formula (1a).
- a further subject of the invention is a mixture containing at least one compound according to formula (1a) or according to formula (1b) as described above or preferably described later and at least one further compound selected from the group of matrix materials, phosphorescent emitters fluorescent emitters and/or the emitters that show TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence).
- the invention further provides a formulation containing at least one compound according to formula (1a) or according to formula (1b) as described above or preferably described later, or a mixture as described above, and at least one solvent.
- a further subject of the invention is an organic electronic, preferably electroluminescent, device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one organic layer, containing at least one compound according to formula (1a) or according to formula (1b) as described above or preferably described later.
- a further subject of the invention is a method for producing an organic electronic, preferably electroluminescent, device, as described above or preferably described below, characterized in that the organic layer is applied by vapor deposition.
- D or “D atom” refers to deuterium.
- An aryl group in the context of this invention contains 6 to 40 ring atoms, preferably C atoms.
- a heteroaryl group in the context of this invention contains 5 to 40 ring atoms, the ring atoms comprising C atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of C atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aryl group or heteroaryl group is either a simple aromatic cycle, i.e.
- phenyl derived from benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example derived from pyridine, pyrimidine or thiophene , or a fused aryl or heteroaryl group, for example derived from naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline or isoquinoline.
- An aryl group with 6 to 18 carbon atoms is therefore preferably phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or triphenylenyl, whereby the attachment of the aryl group as a substituent is not restricted.
- the aryl or heteroaryl group in the context of this invention can carry one or more radicals, the suitable radical being described below. If no such radical is described, the aryl group or heteroaryl group is not substituted.
- An aromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms in the ring system.
- the aromatic ring system also includes aryl groups, as previously described.
- An aromatic ring system with 6 to 18 carbon atoms is preferably selected from phenyl, fully deuterated phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl and triphenylenyl.
- a heteroaromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 5 to 40 ring atoms and at least one heteroatom.
- a preferred heteroaromatic ring system has 9 to 40 ring atoms and at least one heteroatom.
- the heteroaromatic ring system also includes heteroaryl groups as previously described.
- the heteroatoms in the heteroaromatic ring system are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system is understood to mean a system which does not necessarily only contain aryl or heteroaryl groups, but in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups are also replaced by a non-aromatic unit (preferably less than 10% of those other than H atoms), such as B. a C or O atom or a carbonyl group, can be interrupted.
- a non-aromatic unit preferably less than 10% of those other than H atoms
- a C or O atom or a carbonyl group can be interrupted.
- systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-dialkylfluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, diaryl ether, stilbene, etc.
- aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems in the sense of this invention, and also systems in which two or more aryl groups are interrupted, for example by a linear or cyclic alkyl group or by a silyl group.
- systems in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are bonded directly to one another such as. B. biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl or bipyridine, also included in the definition of the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can be linked via any position on the aromatic or heteroaromatic is understood to mean, for example, groups that are derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, benzophenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, Perylene, fluoranthene, benzfluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-lndenofluorene, cis- or trans-monobenzoindenofluorene, cis- or trans-dibenzoindenofluorene ,
- Ar and An each time they occur, the same or different, mean an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R, where the radical R or the substituents R has/have a meaning as before or described below.
- Ar2 and Ars each time they occur, the same or different, mean an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 9 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R, where the radical R or the substituents R are Has/have meaning as described above or below.
- Ar2 and Ars is described below.
- Ars stands for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R 7 , where the radical R 7 or the substituents R 7 has/have a meaning, as described before or below.
- R 7 the radical or the substituents R 7 has/have a meaning, as described before or below.
- a preferred meaning of Ars is described below.
- a cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group is understood to mean a monocyclic, a bicyclic or a polycyclic group.
- a straight-chain, branched or cyclic C- to C-alkyl group includes, for example, the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t- Butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neo-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, s-hexyl, t-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, neo-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, n-heptyl, 2-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 4-heptyl, cycloh
- the formulation that two or more radicals can form a ring system together means the formation of an aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, and it is intended within the scope of the present Description can be understood, among other things, that the two residues are linked to one another by a chemical bond with the formal elimination of two hydrogen atoms. This is illustrated by the following diagram:
- R 1 is preferably H or D.
- Rx is preferably the formula (1-2).
- Rx is preferably bound in position 6 or 9, particularly preferably in position 9, of diazadibenzofuran or diazadibenzothiophene.
- Compounds of formula (1a) are a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Rx is preferably bound in position 5, 6 or 7, particularly preferably in position 5 or 6, very particularly preferably in position 5, of diazadibenzofuran or diazadibenzothiophene.
- V is preferably O.
- Li is preferably selected from the group of linkers L-14 to L-26, which are partially or completely can be deuterated.
- Vi is preferably O.
- linkers from the group L-1 to L-13 are the linkers L-1 to L-7, which can be partially or completely deuterated.
- the linker L-2 which can be partially or completely deuterated, is particularly preferred.
- linkers from the group L-14 to L-26 are the linkers L-15, L-16, L-18, L-19, L-23 and L-26, which can be partially or completely deuterated.
- the linker L-16, which can be partially or completely deuterated, is particularly preferred.
- Li is preferably selected from the preferred group of linkers, as described above.
- Li is preferably selected from the preferred group of linkers, as described above, which are partially or completely deuterated.
- Li is preferably selected from the combination of the linkers L-1 to L-26, where the linkers L -1 to L-26 can be partially or completely deuterated.
- Preferred combinations of the linkers L-1 to L-26 are the combinations of the linkers L-2 or L-3, which can be partially or completely deuterated, with the linkers L-14, L-15, L-16, L-17, L-18, L-22, L-23, L-25 or L-26, which can be partially or completely deuterated and in which V1 has a previously specified or preferably specified meaning.
- the order of the combination is not restricted and two of the dashed lines together form the link between the linkers and the two remaining dashed lines indicate the connection to Rx and the rest of the formula (1a) or the formula (1b).
- Particularly preferred linker combinations for Li are: can be completely deuterated.
- Li is preferably selected from the preferred combination of linkers, as described above.
- Li is preferably selected from the preferred combination of linkers, as described above, which are partially or completely deuterated.
- R # is preferably D, F or non-deuterated or partially or completely deuterated phenyl, particularly preferably D or F , particularly preferred for D.
- b2 is preferably 3 and R # is D.
- b2 is preferably 0 or 1 if R# has a previously mentioned or preferably mentioned meaning.
- O, S or N-aryl means, the dashed lines mean the connection to Ar2 or Ars and to the rest of the formulas (1a) or (1b) and where the abbreviation “aryl” means an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 30 ring atoms , which can be substituted with one or more radicals R.
- aryl means an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 30 ring atoms , which can be substituted with one or more radicals R.
- “Aryl” is preferably phenyl, 1,3-biphenyl, 1-4-biphenyl, dibenzofuranyl or dibenzothiophenyl, where these radicals can be unsubstituted or partially or completely substituted with D.
- V2 is preferred O or N-aryl. V2 O is particularly preferred.
- b is preferably 0.
- b1 is preferably 0.
- Ar and An are preferably different from one another.
- Ar and An are each independently preferred from the following groups Ar-
- Aro is, identically or differently, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more radicals R; one or more R' can also be directly connected to one another with a carbon atom of Aro.
- the dashed line indicates the binding site to the remainder of formulas (1-2), (1-3), (1-4) and (1-5).
- Ar or An are particularly preferably each independently Ar-1, Ar-2, Ar-6, Ar-11 and Ar-17, where R' has a meaning given above or preferably given below.
- R 'in substituents of the formulas Ar-1 to Ar-17, as described above, is each independently preferably selected from the group H, D, CN, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each with one or more Rests R can be substituted.
- R' in substituents of the formulas Ar-1 to Ar-17, as described above, is particularly preferably selected from the group H or D.
- Aro in substituents of the formulas Ar-13 to Ar-16, as described above, is preferably phenyl, 1,2-biphenyl, 1,3-biphenyl or 1,4-biphenyl, which can optionally be partially or completely deuterated.
- Ar2 and Ars each independently mean an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 9 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R.
- Ar2 and Ars are preferably different from one another.
- Ar2 and Ars are each independently selected from the groups Ar-1 to Ar-17, as previously described or preferably described, where the dashed line indicates the binding site on [L] or the rest of formulas (1a) and (1b). .
- Ar2 and Ars each independently of one another particularly preferably mean phenyl, 1,2-biphenyl, 1,3-biphenyl, 1-4 -Biphenyl, triphenylenyl, fluoranthenyl, dibenzofuranyl, indenocarbazol-N-yl, N-aryl-indolocarbazol-N-yl, carbazol-N-yl or aryl-N-carbazolyl, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R, where Aryl has a previously stated meaning and R has a previously or subsequently stated meaning. If the substituent Ar2 or Ars, as described above, is substituted with one or more radicals R, then R is preferably each independently selected from the group D, F or CN, particularly preferably as D.
- Ar2 and Ars each, independently of one another, very particularly preferably mean phenyl, 1-4-biphenyl, carbazol-N-yl or dibenzofuranyl, the can be partially or completely deuterated.
- the dibenzofuranyl can be attached in any position.
- these compounds are partially or completely deuterated, particularly preferably completely deuterated.
- Examples of suitable host materials of the formulas (1a) and (1b), as described above or preferably described, are the structures in Table 1 mentioned below.
- Particularly suitable compounds of the formulas (1a) and (1b), as described above or preferably described, are the compounds E1 to E36 of Table 2.
- the compounds according to the invention can be carried out according to synthesis steps known to those skilled in the art, such as. B. Bromination, Suzuki coupling, Ullmann coupling, Hartwig coupling
- Suitable compounds with a diazadibenzofuran or diazadibenzothiophene group can often be obtained commercially, the starting compounds set out in the examples being obtainable by known processes, so reference is made here.
- the compounds are shown with a small number of substituents to simplify the structures. This does not exclude the presence of any other substituents in the processes.
- the methods shown for synthesizing the compounds according to the invention are to be understood as examples. The person skilled in the art can develop alternative synthetic routes within the scope of his general specialist knowledge.
- the compounds of formula (1a) or formula (1b) can be obtained in high purity, preferably more than 99% (determined by 1 H-NMR and/or HPLC).
- formulations of the compounds according to the invention or mixtures of compounds according to the invention with other functional materials are used , necessary.
- these formulations can be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. It may be preferred to use mixtures of two or more solvents for this purpose.
- Suitable and preferred solvents are, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrol, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, in particular 3-phenoxytoluene, (-) -Fenchone, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 3,4 -Dimethylanisole, 3,5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, a-terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, decalin
- the compounds according to the invention of formulas (1a) and (1b), as described above or preferably described, are suitable for use in an organic electroluminescent device, in particular as a matrix material. If the compound according to the invention is used as a matrix material or, synonymously, host material in an emitting layer, it is preferably used in combination with another compound.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a mixture containing at least one compound of the formulas (1a) or (1b) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas (1a) and (1b) or a compound of Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E36 and at least one further compound selected from the group of matrix materials, phosphorescent emitters, fluorescent emitters and/or emitters that exhibit TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence). Suitable matrix materials and emitters that can be used in this mixture according to the invention are described below.
- a further subject of the present invention is also a formulation containing at least one compound according to the invention, as described above, or a mixture according to the invention, as described above, and at least one solvent.
- the solvent can be a solvent mentioned above or a mixture of these solvents.
- a further subject of the present invention is an organic electronic device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one organic layer, containing at least one compound of the formulas (1a) or (1b) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas (1a) and (1 b) or a compound from Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E36.
- the organic electronic device can be selected, for example, from organic integrated circuits (OlCs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), organic electroluminescent devices, organic solar cells (OSCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors.
- OlCs organic integrated circuits
- OFETs organic field effect transistors
- OTFTs organic thin film transistors
- O electroluminescent devices organic solar cells (OSCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors.
- the organic electronic device is an organic electroluminescent device.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is, for example, an organic light-emitting transistor ( ⁇ LET), an organic field quench device (OFQD), an organic light-emitting electrochemical cell (OLEC), an organic laser diode (O laser) or an organic light emitting diode (OLED).
- ⁇ LET organic light-emitting transistor
- OFQD organic field quench device
- OLED organic light-emitting electrochemical cell
- O laser diode O laser diode
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is in particular an organic light-emitting diode or an organic light-emitting electrochemical cell.
- the device according to the invention is particularly preferably an OLED.
- the organic layer of the device according to the invention preferably contains, in addition to a light-emitting layer (EML), a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), an electron injection layer (EIL), an exciton blocking layer, an electron blocking layer and/or charge-generation layers.
- EML light-emitting layer
- HIL hole injection layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- HBL hole blocking layer
- ETL electron transport layer
- EIL electron injection layer
- EIL electron injection layer
- exciton blocking layer an electron blocking layer and/or charge-generation layers.
- the device according to the invention can also contain several layers of this group, preferably selected from EML, HIL, HTL, ETL, EIL and HBL.
- interlayers can be introduced between two emitting layers, which, for example, have an exciton-blocking function.
- emission layers these preferably have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, so that overall white emission results, i.e. H.
- Various emitting compounds that can fluoresce or phosphorescent are used in the emitting layers.
- An emitting layer can also contain several fluorescent and/or phosphorescent compounds. Systems with three emitting layers are particularly preferred, with the three layers showing blue, green and orange or red emission. Alternatively to the combination as described above, an emitting layer can also show yellow emission. Such combinations are known to those skilled in the art.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention can also be a tandem electroluminescence device, in particular for white-emitting OLEDs.
- the device can also contain inorganic materials or layers that are made up entirely of inorganic materials.
- the compound according to the invention of formulas (1a) or (1b), as described above or preferably described, can be used in different layers, depending on the exact structure.
- Preferred is an organic electroluminescence device containing a compound according to formula (1a) or formula (1b) or the preferred embodiments set out above in an emitting layer as a matrix material for fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters or for emitters that have TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence). show, especially for phosphorescent emitters.
- the compound according to the invention can also be used in an electron transport layer and/or in a hole transport layer and/or in an exciton blocking layer and/or in a hole blocking layer.
- the compound according to the invention is particularly preferably used as a matrix material in a light-emitting layer or as an electron transport or hole-blocking material in an electron transport or hole-blocking layer.
- a further subject of the present invention is an organic electronic device as described above, wherein the organic layer contains at least one light-emitting layer which contains at least one compound of the formulas (1a) or (1b) or the at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas (1a ) and (1b) or a compound from Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E36.
- a further matrix material is selected for the device according to the invention in the light-emitting layer, which is mixed with compounds of the formulas (1a) or (1b), as previously described or preferably described, or with the compounds of Table 1 or the compounds E1 up to E36 is used.
- a further subject of the present invention is therefore an organic electronic device, as described above, wherein the organic layer contains at least one light-emitting layer which contains at least one compound of the formulas (1a) or (1b) or the at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas ( 1a) and (1b) or a compound from Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E36 and another matrix material.
- Suitable matrix materials that can be used in combination with the compounds according to the invention are aromatic ketones, aromatic Phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, biscarbazoles, indolocarbazole derivatives, indenocarbazole derivatives, azacarbazole derivatives, bipolar matrix materials, azaboroles or boron esters, triazine derivatives, zinc complexes, diazasilol or tetraazasilol derivatives, diazaphosphole derivatives, bridged carbazole derivatives, triphenyl ene derivatives or dibenzofuran derivatives .
- a further phosphorescent emitter which emits at a shorter wavelength than the actual emitter, can be present as a co-host in the mixture or a compound that does not participate or does not participate to a significant extent in the charge transport, such as a wide band-gap compound.
- Wide-band-gap material is understood here to mean a material in the sense of the disclosure of US 7,294,849, which is characterized by a band gap of at least 3.5 eV, where band gap is understood to be the distance between HOMO and LUMO energy of a material.
- Particularly suitable matrix materials which are advantageously combined with compounds of the formula (1a) or the formula (1b), as described above or preferably described, in a mixed matrix system, can consist of the compounds of the formulas (6), (7) , (8), (9), (10) or (11) can be selected as described below.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore an organic electronic device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one organic layer, containing at least one light-emitting layer, wherein the at least one light-emitting layer contains at least one compound of the formula (1a) or the formula (1b) as matrix material 1, as described above or as preferred, and contains at least one compound of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) or (11) as matrix material 2,
- a 1 is C(R 7 ) 2 , NR 7 , O or S;
- L is a bond, O, S, C(R 7 )2 or NR 7 ;
- A is independently a group of formula (3) or
- X2 is the same or different on each occurrence as CH, CR 6 or N, where maximum
- U 1 , U 2 When U 1 , U 2 occurs, they are a bond, O, S, C(R 7 )2 or NR 7 ;
- R 6 is the same or different in each occurrence as D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Two R 6 radicals can also form an aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring system with each other;
- Ars the same or different in each occurrence, independently represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R 7 ;
- R 8 is the same or different H, D, F or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic organic radical, in particular a hydrocarbon radical, with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms can also be replaced by F ;
- q, q1, q2 each independently mean 0 or 1 on each occurrence;
- s is the same or different on each occurrence as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- t is the same or different at each occurrence as 0, 1, 2, or 3;
- u is the same or different 0, 1 or 2 in each occurrence;
- u1 , u2 each independently mean 0 or
- s is preferably 0 or 1 if the radical R 6 is different from D, or particularly preferably 0.
- t is preferably 0 or 1 if the radical R 6 is different from D, or particularly preferably 0.
- u is preferably 0 or 1 if the radical R 6 is different from D, or particularly preferably 0.
- the sum of the indices s, t and u in compounds of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (10) or (11) is preferably at most 6, particularly preferably at most 4 and particularly preferably at most 2. This applies preferably , if R 6 is different from D.
- c, c1, c2 each independently mean 0 or 1 at each occurrence, the sum of the indices meaning 1 at each occurrence c+c1+c2.
- c2 preferably has the meaning 1.
- L is preferably a single bond or C(R 7 )2, where R 7 has a meaning mentioned above, particularly preferably L is a single bond.
- U or U are preferably a single bond when they occur, or C(R)2, where R 7 has a meaning mentioned above; U 1 or U 2 are particularly preferably a single bond when they occur.
- R 6 is the same or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, where the alkyl group can each be substituted with one or more R 7 radicals, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60 ring atoms, preferably with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more R 7 radicals.
- R 6 is the same or different on each occurrence selected from the group consisting of D or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 30 ring atoms, which may be substituted with one or more R 7 radicals.
- Ars in compounds of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (10) or (11) is preferably selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta -, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorenyl, which has the 1-,
- 3- or 4-position can be linked, dibenzothiophene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or
- 4-position can be linked, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, Pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phenanthrene or triphenylene, each of which can be substituted with one or more R 7 radicals.
- Ars is preferably not substituted.
- a 1 in formula (7) or (8) or (11) represents NR 7
- the substituent R 7 which is bonded to the nitrogen atom, preferably represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which also can be substituted by one or more radicals R 8 .
- this substituent R 7 represents, identically or differently in each occurrence, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, in particular with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms.
- R 7 Preferred embodiments for R 7 are phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and quaterphenyl, which are preferably unsubstituted, as well as radicals derived from triazine, pyrimidine and quinazoline, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 8 .
- the substituents R 7 bonded to this carbon atom preferably represent, identically or differently, a linear alkyl group on each occurrence 1 to 10 carbon atoms or for a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms or for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which can also be substituted by one or more radicals R 8 .
- R 7 represents a methyl group or a phenyl group.
- the radicals R 7 can also form a ring system with each other, which leads to a spiro system.
- these compounds are partially or completely deuterated, particularly preferably completely deuterated.
- the further matrix material is a deuterated compound
- the further matrix material is a mixture of deuterated compounds with the same basic chemical structure, which differ only in the degree of deuteration.
- this is a mixture of deuterated compounds of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) or (11), as described above, the degree of deuteration of these compounds being at least 50% to 90%, preferably 70% to 100%.
- the information is in mol%.
- the corresponding interpretation methods are known to the specialist and, for example, in KR2016041014, WO2017/122982, KR1978651 and WO2018/110887 or in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 2021, 94 (2), 600-605 or Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2017 , 6(8), 1063-1071.
- a suitable method for deuterating a compound by replacing one or more H atoms with D atoms is to treat the compound to be deuterated in the presence of a platinum catalyst or palladium catalyst and a deuterium source.
- deuterium source means any compound that contains one or more D atoms and can release them under appropriate conditions.
- the platinum catalyst is preferably dry platinum on carbon, preferably 5% dry platinum on carbon.
- the palladium catalyst is preferably dry palladium on carbon, preferably 5% dry palladium on carbon.
- a suitable deuterium source is D2O, benzene-d6, chloroform-d, acetonitrile-d3, acetone-d6, acetic acid-d4, methanol-d4 or toluene-d8.
- a preferred source of deuterium is D2O or a combination of D2O and a fully deuterated organic solvent.
- a particularly preferred source of deuterium is the combination of D2O with a fully deuterated organic solvent, with the fully deuterated solvent not being limited here.
- Particularly suitable fully deuterated solvents are benzene-d6 and toluene-d8.
- a particularly preferred source of deuterium is a combination of D2O and toluene-d8.
- the reaction is preferably carried out with heating, more preferably with heating at temperatures between 100°C and 200°C. Furthermore, the reaction is preferably carried out under pressure.
- suitable further matrix materials for a combination with compounds of formula (1a) or formula (1b), as described above or preferably described are the compounds described in WO2019/229011, Table 3, pages 137 to 203, which are also partly or can be completely deuterated.
- Suitable further matrix materials for a combination with compounds of formula (1a) or formula (1b), as described above or preferably described are the compounds described in WO2011/088877, table page 30, compounds 1 to 166, which also can be partially or completely deuterated.
- Examples of suitable further matrix materials for a combination with compounds of formula (1a) or formula (1b), as described above or preferably described, are the compounds described in WO2011/128017, table page 23, compounds 1 to 151, which also can be partially or completely deuterated.
- compounds of the formula (6) in which at least one Ars group represents a heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms are particularly suitable , which can be substituted with one or more radicals R 7 or compounds of the formula (9) or (10).
- compounds of the formula (9) or (10) are particularly preferably suitable.
- compounds of the formula (10) are particularly preferably suitable.
- Particularly suitable compounds of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) or (11), which are selected according to the invention and preferably in combination with at least one compound of the formula (1a) or the formula ( 1b) used in the electroluminescent device according to the invention are the compounds in Table 4.
- the above-mentioned host materials of the formulas (1a) and (1b) and their preferred described embodiments or the compounds of Table 1 and the compounds E1 to E36 can be used in the device according to the invention with the aforementioned matrix materials/host materials, the matrix materials/host materials of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) or (11) as well as their preferred described embodiments of Table 3 or the compounds H1 to H27 are combined.
- a further subject of the invention is a mixture containing at least one compound according to formula (1a) or formula (1b), where the following applies to the symbols and indices used:
- V is independently O or S on each occurrence
- Li is a linker selected from L-1 to L26, which can be partially or completely deuterated, or a combination of the linkers L-1 to L-26, where the linkers L-1 to L-26 can be partially or completely deuterated,
- Vi is O or S; the dashed lines indicate the connection to Rx and the remainder of formula (1a) or formula (1b);
- R 1 is independently H, D, or non-deuterated or partially or completely deuterated phenyl, 1,4-biphenyl, 1-3-biphenyl or 1,2-biphenyl;
- Ar are, in each case identical or different, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R;
- Ar2 are, identically or differently, an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 9 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted with one or more radicals R;
- R is selected the same or differently from the group consisting of D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, where one or more non- adjacent CH2 groups can be replaced by O or S and one or more H atoms can be replaced by D, F, or CN;
- R# when encountered is D, or non-deuterated or partially or fully deuterated phenyl, 1,4-biphenyl, 1-3-biphenyl or 1,2-biphenyl;
- [L] is an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system with 9 to 40 ring atoms, which may be unsubstituted or partially or completely substituted with D;
- b, b1 are each independently 0 or 1.
- b2 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the condition for compounds of formula (1a) if Li is a linker L-3 or L-8 that is not deuterated, then Li-Rx is only in the Positions 6, 7 or 9 bound to the rest of formula (1a), and at least one further compound selected from the group of matrix materials, phosphorescent emitters, fluorescent emitters and/or emitters containing TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence) show.
- TADF thermalally activated delayed fluorescence
- Very particularly preferred mixtures of the compounds of the formulas (1a) and (1b) with the host materials of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) or (11) for the device according to the invention are obtained by Combination of compounds E1 to E36 with compounds H1 to H27 as shown in Table 5 below.
- the first mixture M1 for example, is a combination of the compound E1 with H1.
- the concentration of the host material of the formula (1a) or the formula (1b), as described above or preferably described, in the mixture according to the invention or in the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention is usually in the range from 5% by weight to 90% by weight. %, preferably in the range from 10% by weight to 85% by weight, more preferably in the range from 20% by weight to 85% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 30% by weight to 80% by weight. -%, most preferably in the range from 20% by weight to 60% by weight and most preferably in the range from 30% by weight to 50% by weight, based on the entire mixture or based on the entire composition the light-emitting layer.
- the concentration of the host material of one of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) or (11), as described above or described as preferred, in the mixture according to the invention or in the light-emitting layer of the invention Device is usually in the range of 10% by weight to 95% by weight, preferably in the range of 15% by weight to 90% by weight, more preferably in the range of 15% by weight to 80% by weight , even more preferably in the range of 20% by weight to 70% by weight, most preferably in the range of 40% by weight to 80% by weight and most preferably in the range of 50% by weight to 70% by weight % by weight, based on the entire mixture or based on the entire composition of the light-emitting layer.
- the present invention also relates to a mixture which, in addition to the above-mentioned host materials of formula (1a) or formula (1b), hereinafter referred to as host material 1, and the host material of one of the formulas (6), (7), (8), ( 9), (10) or (11), in the future called host material 2, as previously described or preferably described, in particular mixtures M1 to M972, contains at least one phosphorescent emitter.
- the present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescent device as described above or preferably described, wherein the light-emitting layer in addition to the above-mentioned host materials of formulas (1a) or (1b) and one of formulas (6), (7), (8) , (9), (10) or (11), as previously described or preferably described, in particular the material combinations M1 to M972, contains at least one phosphorescent emitter.
- phosphorescent emitters typically includes compounds in which the light emission occurs through a spin-forbidden transition from an excited state with a higher spin multiplicity, i.e. a spin state > 1, for example through a transition from a triplet state or a state with a yet higher spin quantum number, for example a quintet state.
- a transition from a triplet state is preferably understood here.
- Particularly suitable phosphorescent emitters are compounds which, when stimulated appropriately, emit light, preferably in the visible range, and also contain at least one atom with an atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80, especially a metal with this atomic number.
- Compounds which contain copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium are preferably used as phosphorescence emitters, in particular compounds which contain iridium or platinum.
- all luminescent compounds containing the above-mentioned metals are considered phosphorescent emitters.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters according to the present invention correspond to the formula (Illa), Formula (Illa), where the symbols and indices for this formula (Illa) have the meaning: n+m is 3, n is 1 or 2, m is 2 or 1,
- X is the same or different every time it occurs N or CR
- R is the same or different H, D, F, CN or a branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a partially or completely deuterated branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group with 4 up to 7 carbon atoms, which can be partially or completely substituted with deuterium or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60 ring atoms, which can be partially or completely substituted with deuterium.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore an organic electroluminescent device, as described above or preferably described, characterized in that the light-emitting layer contains, in addition to the host materials 1 and 2, at least one phosphorescent emitter which corresponds to the formula (Illa), as described above.
- n is preferably 1 and m is preferably 2.
- one X is preferably selected from N and the other
- At least one R is preferably different from H.
- Emitters of the formula (Illa) are preferably two R different from H and have one of the meanings otherwise given previously for the emitters of the formula (Illa).
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters according to the present invention correspond to the formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V), where the symbols and indices for these formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V) have the meaning:
- Ri is H or D
- R2 is H, D, F, CN or a branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a partially or fully deuterated branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group with 4 up to 10 carbon atoms, which can be partially or completely substituted with deuterium.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters according to the present invention correspond to the formulas (VI), (VII) or (VIII), where the symbols and indices for these formulas (VI), (VII) and (VIII) have the meaning:
- Ri is H or D
- R2 is H, D, F, CN or a branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a partially or fully deuterated branched or linear alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group with 4 up to 10 carbon atoms, which can be partially or completely substituted with deuterium.
- Preferred examples of phosphorescent emitters are described in WO2019/007867 on pages 120 to 126 in Table 5 and on pages 127 to 129 in Table 6. The emitters are included in the description by this reference.
- each mixture is preferably selected from the sum of mixtures M1 to M972 with a compound of the formula (Illa) or a compound of the formulas (I) to (VIII) or a compound from table 6 combined.
- the light-emitting layer in the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention containing at least one phosphorescent emitter is preferably an infrared-emitting, yellow, orange, red, green, blue or ultraviolet-emitting layer, particularly preferably a yellow or green emitting layer and most preferably a green one emitting layer.
- a yellow-emitting layer is understood to mean a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 540 to 570 nm.
- An orange-emitting layer is understood to mean a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 570 to 600 nm.
- a red-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 600 to 750 nm.
- a green-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 490 to 540 nm.
- a blue-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 440 to 490 nm.
- the photoluminescence maximum of the layer is determined by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum of the layer with a layer thickness of 50 nm at room temperature, the layer containing the inventive combination of the host materials of formulas (1a) or (1b) and one of the formulas (6), (7) , (8), (9), (10) or (11) and the corresponding emitter.
- the photoluminescence spectrum of the layer is recorded, for example, with a commercially available photoluminescence spectrometer.
- the photoluminescence spectrum of the selected emitter is usually measured in an oxygen-free solution, 10 molar, with the measurement taking place at room temperature and Any solvent is suitable in which the selected emitter dissolves in the stated concentration. Particularly suitable solvents are usually toluene or 2-methyl-THF, but also dichloromethane. Measurements are made using a commercially available photoluminescence spectrometer.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore yellow emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VIII) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy T-
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore green emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VIII) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy T 1 is preferably ⁇ 2.5 eV to ⁇ 2.3 eV.
- Particularly preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore green emitters, preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VIII) or from Table 6, as described above, whose triplet energy T-
- Green emitters preferably of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VIII) or from Table 6, as described above, are very particularly preferably selected for the mixture according to the invention or the emitting layer according to the invention.
- Fluorescent emitters can also be contained in the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention or in the mixture according to the invention.
- Preferred fluorescent emitting compounds are selected from the class of arylamines, preferably at least one of the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems of the arylamine being a fused ring system, particularly preferably with at least 14 ring atoms.
- Preferred examples of this are aromatic anthracene amines, aromatic anthracene diamines, aromatic pyrene amines, aromatic pyrene diamines, aromatic chrysene amines or aromatic chrysene diamines.
- An aromatic anthracenamine is understood to mean a compound in which a diarylamino group is bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9-position.
- An aromatic anthracene diamine is a compound understood in which two diarylamino groups are bonded directly to an anthracene group, preferably in the 9,10 position.
- Aromatic pyrenamines, pyrenediamines, chrysenamines and chrysenediamines are defined analogously, with the diarylamino groups on the pyrene preferably being bound in the 1-position or in the 1,6-position.
- emitting compounds are indenofluorenamines or diamines, benzoindenofluorenamines or diamines, and dibenzoindenofluorenamines or diamines, as well as indenofluorene derivatives with fused aryl groups. Pyrene-arylamines are also preferred. Also preferred are benzoindenofluorene amines, benzofluorene amines, extended benzoindenofluorenes, phenoxazines, and fluorene derivatives linked to furan units or to thiophene units.
- the light-emitting device or the mixture according to the invention can also contain materials that exhibit TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence).
- the at least one light-emitting layer of the organic electroluminescent device can comprise, in addition to the host materials 1 and 2, as previously described or described as preferred, further host materials or matrix materials, so-called mixed matrix systems.
- the mixed matrix systems preferably comprise three or four different matrix materials, particularly preferably three different matrix materials (that is, a further matrix component in addition to the host materials 1 and 2, as described above).
- Particularly suitable matrix materials which can be used in combination as a matrix component of a mixed matrix system, are selected from wide-band gap materials, bipolar host materials, electron transport materials (ETM) and hole transport materials (HTM).
- the mixed matrix system is preferably optimized for an emitter of the formula (Illa), the formulas (I) to (VIII) or from Table 6.
- the mixture does not contain any other components, that is, functional materials, in addition to the components of the host material of formula (1a) or formula (1b) and the host material 2, as described above.
- these are material mixtures that are used as such to produce the light-emitting layer.
- These mixtures are also referred to as premix systems, which are used as the only material source when vapor deposition of the host materials for the light-emitting layer and which have a constant mixing ratio during vapor deposition. This makes it quick and easy to evaporate a layer evenly Achieve distribution of components without the need for precise control of a large number of material sources.
- the mixture contains, in addition to the components of the host material of formula (1a) or formula (1b) and the host material 2, as described above, a phosphorescent emitter, as described above.
- this mixture can also be used as the sole source of material, as described above.
- the components or components of the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention can thus be processed by vapor deposition or from solution.
- the material combination of the host materials 1 and 2, as previously described or preferably described, optionally with the phosphorescent emitter, as previously described or preferably described, are provided for this purpose in a formulation which contains at least one solvent. Suitable formulations have been described previously.
- the light-emitting layer in the device according to the invention according to the preferred embodiments and the emitting compound preferably contains between 99.9 and 1% by volume, more preferably between 99 and 10% by volume, particularly preferably between 98 and 60% by volume, very particularly preferably between 97 and 80% by volume of matrix material from at least one compound of the formula (1a) or the formula (1b) and at least one compound of one of the formulas (6), (7), (8), (9) , (10) or (11) according to the preferred embodiments, based on the entire composition of emitter and matrix material.
- the light-emitting layer in the device according to the invention preferably contains between 0.1 and 99% by volume, more preferably between 1 and 90% by volume, particularly preferably between 2 and 40% by volume, very particularly preferably between 3 and 20 Vol. % of the emitter based on the entire composition of the light-emitting layer consisting of the emitter and matrix material. If the compounds are processed from solution, the corresponding amounts in% by weight are preferably used instead of the amounts in % by volume given above.
- the present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescent
- HIL hole injection layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- the sequence of layers in the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention is preferably the following:
- This sequence of layers is a preferred sequence.
- Aluminum complexes for example Alq3, zirconium complexes, for example Zrq4, benzimidazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, aromatic ketones, lactams, boranes, diazaphosphole derivatives and phosphine oxide derivatives are particularly suitable.
- Metals with a low work function metal alloys or multilayer structures made of various metals, such as alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, main group metals or lanthanoids (e.g. Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, Etc.). Alloys made of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and silver, for example an alloy of magnesium and silver, are also suitable.
- other metals can also be used that have a relatively high work function, such as. B. Ag or Al, in which case combinations of metals such as Ca/Ag, Mg/Ag or Ba/Ag are generally used. It may also be preferred to have a thin intermediate layer of a material with a high thickness between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor
- Dielectric constant to be introduced For example, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal fluorides, but also the corresponding oxides or carbonates come into question (e.g.
- LiF, Ü2O, BaF2, MgO, NaF, CsF, CS2CO3, etc. Lithium quinolinate (LiQ) can also be used for this purpose.
- the thickness of this layer is preferably between 0.5 and 5 nm.
- Materials with a high work function are preferred as anodes.
- the anode preferably has a work function greater than 4.5 eV vs. vacuum.
- metals with a high redox potential are suitable for this, such as Ag, Pt or Au.
- metal/metal oxide electrodes e.g. Al/Ni/NiO x , Al/PtO x
- At least one of the electrodes must be transparent or partially transparent to enable either the irradiation of the organic material (organic solar cell) or the extraction of light (OLED, O-LASER).
- Preferred anode materials here are conductive mixed metal oxides. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) or indium-zinc oxide (IZO) are particularly preferred. Conductive, doped organic materials, in particular conductive doped polymers, are also preferred.
- the anode can also consist of several layers, for example an inner layer made of ITO and an outer layer made of a metal oxide, preferably tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide or vanadium oxide.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is structured accordingly (depending on the application), contacted and finally sealed during production, since the service life of the devices according to the invention is shortened in the presence of water and/or air.
- the production of the device according to the invention is not restricted here. It is possible for one or more organic layers, including the light-emitting layer, to be coated using a sublimation process.
- the materials are vapor-deposited in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10'5 mbar, preferably less than 10'6 mbar. However, it is also possible for the initial pressure to be even lower, for example less than 10'7 mbar.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention is preferably characterized in that one or more layers are coated using the OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) process or with the aid of carrier gas sublimation.
- the materials are applied at a pressure between 10'5 mbar and 1 bar.
- OVJP Organic Vapor Jet Printing
- the materials are applied directly through a nozzle and structured in this way (e.g. M. S. Arnold et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 053301).
- the organic electroluminescence device according to the invention is preferably characterized in that one or more organic layers containing the Composition according to the invention from solution, such as. B. by spin coating, or with any printing process, such as. B. screen printing, flexographic printing, nozzle printing or offset printing, but particularly preferably LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing) or ink-jet printing.
- LITI Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing
- Processing from solution has the advantage that, for example, the light-emitting layer can be applied very easily and cost-effectively. This technique is particularly suitable for mass production of organic electroluminescent devices.
- hybrid processes are possible in which, for example, one or more layers are applied from solution and one or more further layers are vapor-deposited.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention, as described above or preferably described, characterized in that the organic layer, preferably the light-emitting layer, the hole injection layer and / or hole transport layer, by vapor deposition, in particular with a Sublimation process and / or with an OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) process and / or with the help of a carrier gas sublimation, or from solution, in particular by spin coating or with a printing process.
- vapor deposition in particular with a Sublimation process and / or with an OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) process and / or with the help of a carrier gas sublimation, or from solution, in particular by spin coating or with a printing process.
- OVPD Organic Vapor Phase Deposition
- the organic layer according to the invention preferably the light-emitting layer
- the materials used can each be placed in one material source and finally evaporated from the different material sources (“co-evaporation”).
- the various materials can be premixed (“premixed”, premix systems) and the mixture can be placed in a single material source from which it is finally evaporated (“premix evaporation”). This allows the light-emitting layer to be evaporated easily and quickly with a uniform distribution of the components without the need for precise control of a large number of material sources.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing the device according to the invention, characterized in that the light-emitting layer of the organic layer is applied by vapor deposition, wherein the at least one compound of formula (1a) or formula (1b) together with the other materials , which form the light-emitting layer, are deposited from the gas phase one after the other or simultaneously from at least two material sources.
- the light emitting layer is applied via vapor deposition, where the components of the composition are premixed and evaporated from a single source of material.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing the device according to the invention, characterized in that the light-emitting layer of the organic layer is applied by vapor deposition, wherein the at least one compound of formula (1a) or formula (1b) together with at least one further matrix material as a premix, successively or simultaneously with the light-emitting materials, selected from the group of phosphorescent emitters, fluorescent emitters and / or emitters that show TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence), are deposited from the gas phase.
- the at least one compound of formula (1a) or formula (1b) together with at least one further matrix material as a premix successively or simultaneously with the light-emitting materials, selected from the group of phosphorescent emitters, fluorescent emitters and / or emitters that show TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence)
- the electronic devices according to the invention are characterized by one or more of the following surprising advantages over the prior art:
- Electronic devices in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to formula (1a) or formula (1b) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, in particular as matrix material, have a very good service life. In particular, these connections cause a small roll-off, ie a small drop in the power efficiency of the device at high luminances.
- Electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, containing compounds according to formula (1a) or formula (1b) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below as matrix materials have excellent efficiency.
- compounds according to the invention according to formula (1a) or formula (1b) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below bring about a low operating voltage when used in electronic devices.
- the compounds according to the invention according to formula (1a) or formula (1b) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below show a very high stability and service life.
- the formation of optical loss channels can be avoided in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices.
- these devices are characterized by a high PL and therefore high EL efficiency of emitters and an excellent energy transfer from the matrices to dopants.
- Compounds according to formula (1a) or formula (1b) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below have excellent glass film formation. Compounds according to formula (1a) or formula (1b) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below form very good films from solutions.
- the compounds according to formula (1a) or formula (1b) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below have a triplet level Ti, which can be, for example, in the range of 2.50 eV - 2.90 eV.
- the Gaussian16 program package (Rev. B.01) is used in all quantum chemical calculations.
- the neutral singlet ground state is optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level.
- HOMO and LUMO values are determined at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level for the ground state energy optimized with B3LYP/6-31G(d).
- TD-DFT singlet and triplet excitations (vertical excitations) are then calculated using the same method (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) and the optimized ground state geometry.
- the default SCF and gradient convergence settings are used.
- HOMO as the last orbital occupied by two electrons (Alpha occ. eigenvalues) and LUMO as the first unoccupied orbital (Alpha virt. eigenvalues) in Hartree units, where HEh and LEh represent the HOMO energy in Hartree units. Units or the LUMO energy in Hartree units. From this, the HOMO and LUMO value in electron volts, calibrated using cyclic voltammetry measurements, is determined as follows:
- the triplet level T1 of a material is defined as the relative excitation energy (in eV) of the lowest energy triplet state resulting from the quantum chemical energy calculation.
- the singlet level S1 of a material is defined as the relative excitation energy (in eV) of the second lowest energy singlet state resulting from the quantum chemical energy calculation.
- SO The lowest energetic singlet state
- the method described herein is independent of the software package used and always produces the same results. Examples of commonly used programs for this purpose are “Gaussian09” (Gaussian Inc.) and Q-Chem 4.1 (Q-Chem, Inc.). In this case, the “Gaussian16 (Rev. B.01)” program package is used to calculate the energies.
- reaction mixture is heated at 60 ° for 2 hours.
- the mixture is then cooled to room temperature, then filtered and then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and recrystallized from heptane.
- brominated compounds are produced analogously: e) 9-Bromo-2,4-diphenylbenzofuro[3,2-cf]pyrimidine Under argon, 107g (316 mmol) of (3-amino-4-chloro-2-benzofuranyl)phenyl methanone and 104g (1015 mmol) of benzonitrile are placed in 1000 ml of o-xylene and mixed with 56 g (677 mmol) of sodium-2- methyl propane-2-olate added. The mixture is stirred at 140°C for 5 hours. 30 ml of water is drained from the water separator and then some acetone is added and the mixture is stirred for another hour.
- the yield is 64 g (160 mmol), corresponding to 48% of theory.
- Examples B1 to B40 show data from OLEDs according to the invention. Glass plates coated with structured ITO (indium tin oxide) with a thickness of 50 nm are used as the substrate for the OLEDs in Table 7.
- structured ITO indium tin oxide
- the emission layer always consists of at least one matrix material (also host material or host material) and an emitting dopant (dopant, emitter), which is mixed into the matrix material or materials by co-evaporation in a certain volume fraction.
- a specification like SdT1:H2:TEG1 (33%:60%:7%) 30nm means that the material SdT1 in a volume proportion of 33% as host material 1, the compound H2 as host material 2 in a proportion of 60% and TEG1 present in a proportion of 7% in a 30nm thick layer.
- the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials.
- the OLEDs are characterized as standard.
- the electroluminescence spectra and current-voltage-luminance characteristics are measured, from which the EQE is calculated.
- the calculation is carried out assuming a Lambertian radiation characteristic.
- the electroluminescence spectra are determined at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 and the CIE 1931 x and y color coordinates are calculated from this.
- the information U1000 in Table 8 denotes the voltage that is required for a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 .
- EQE1000 refers to the external quantum efficiency at an operating luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 .
- the lifespan LT is defined as the time after which the luminance drops from a starting luminance LO (in cd/m 2 ) to a certain proportion L1 (in cd/m 2 ) when operating with a constant current density jo in mA/cm 2 .
- the compounds or material combinations according to the invention can be used in the emission layer in phosphorescent green OLEDs.
- Examples V1 to V11 are comparative examples according to the prior art, examples B1 to B40 show data from OLEDs according to the invention. The examples according to the invention show a clear advantage in the lifespan of the device.
- Table 7 Structure of the OLEDs Table 8:
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
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| KR1020257008966A KR20250051088A (ko) | 2022-08-19 | 2023-08-16 | 유기 전계발광 디바이스용 재료 |
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- 2023-08-16 CN CN202380059281.5A patent/CN119630671A/zh active Pending
- 2023-08-16 EP EP23757264.9A patent/EP4573099A1/de active Pending
- 2023-08-16 KR KR1020257008966A patent/KR20250051088A/ko active Pending
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| EP4573099A1 (de) | 2025-06-25 |
| KR20250051088A (ko) | 2025-04-16 |
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