WO2024030362A1

WO2024030362A1 - Compositions and methods for altering the color of hair

Info

Publication number: WO2024030362A1
Application number: PCT/US2023/029085
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shahid Mohammad Naseer; Aakash Jagat PAREKH; Siva MUTHUKRISHNAN; Martin Asare; Jennifer ELIE; Wonhee Allison PARK; Marc Rosenberg
Original assignee: LOreal SA
Current assignee: LOreal SA
Priority date: 2022-07-31
Filing date: 2023-07-31
Publication date: 2024-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2025-01-31

Abstract

The disclosure relates to compositions for altering the color of keratin fibers and methods of using the compositions. The compositions comprise (a) a bonding system comprising (i) at least one first bonding agent, and (ii) at least one second bonding agent; (b) at least one fatty alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid; (d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside; (e) at least one alkalizing agent; and (f) at least one solvent. The compositions can further comprise one or more oxidation dyes, couplers, oxidizing agents, or combinations thereof.

Description

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR ALTERING THE COLOR OF HAIR

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Nos. 17/878,001 , 17/877,999, and 63/393,953, filed July 31 , 2022; FR Application No. FR2209427, filed September 19, 2022; FR Application No. FR2209529, filed September 21 , 2022; and FR Application No. FR2209666, filed September 23, 2022, all of which are incorporated herein in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to compositions for altering the color of hair and methods of using the compositions for altering the color of the hair, while at the same time enhancing or maintaining fiber integrity of the hair and/or preventing damage to the hair.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Consumers often use cosmetic and care compositions to change or enhance the appearance of their hair, e.g., by changing the color, style, and/or shape of the hair, and/or by imparting various properties to hair, such as shine and conditioning. Many of the known compositions and processes for changing or enhancing the appearance of the hair involve harsh chemical treatment of the hair.

[0004] The process of altering the color of hair, for example, may involve lifting the color of the hair and/or depositing an artificial color onto the hair, which provides a different shade or color to the hair. The process of lifting the color of hair, also known as lightening, generally requires the use of compositions that comprise at least one oxidizing agent. Such oxidizing agents enter the hair shaft and react with melanin in the hair, thereby lightening the color of the hair. Additional agents, such as persulfate salts, may be added to accelerate the process.

[0005] Imparting a color change or color effect on hair can be done using permanent, demi-permanent, semi-permanent, or temporary hair coloring products. Conventional permanent hair coloring products are dye compositions comprising oxidation dye precursors, which are also known as primary intermediates or couplers. These oxidation dye precursors are colorless or weakly colored compounds which, when combined with oxidizing products, give rise to colored complexes by a process of oxidative condensation. The oxidizing products conventionally use peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agents.

[0006] On the other hand, semi-permanent or temporary hair dyeing compositions typically use pigments, liposoluble dyes, or direct dyes chosen from acidic (anionic), basic (cationic), or neutral direct dyes which are deposited onto the hair fiber to impart color to the hair. Direct dyes are nonionic or ionic dyes and colored compounds capable of producing a more or less pronounced change of the natural color of the hair, resistant to shampoo-washing several times. These dyes may or may not be used in the presence of an oxidizing agent. In contrast with oxidation dye precursors, a direct dye is a relatively voluminous molecule that does not penetrate easily into the core of the fiber.

[0007] Hair lightening or color lifting compositions and hair dyeing compositions possess an alkalinity such that these compositions have a pH value of above 7, typically 9 and above, and may generally require the presence of ammonia or an ammonia gas-generating compound, or other alkalizing agents such as monoethanolamine (MEA) in amounts sufficient to make such compositions alkaline. These alkalizing agents cause the hair shaft to swell, helps open up the cuticle, thus allowing the small oxidative dye molecules to penetrate the cuticle and cortex before the oxidation condensation process is completed. The resulting larger-sized colored complexes from the oxidative reaction are then trapped inside the hair fiber, thereby permanently altering the color of the hair.

[0008] While such compositions can effectively alter the color of hair, these chemical treatments are harsh and are known to cause damage to the hair fibers and decrease the strength of the hair, and may also negatively affect the sensorial properties, such as the smoothness, shine, and/or feel of the hair. Additionally, hair that is damaged during a bleaching and/or dyeing process may not take up color satisfactorily, resulting in unevenness or non-uniformity of color.

[0009] Thus, in order to reduce or avoid these drawbacks of products and processes for altering the color of the hair as described above, new and additional ingredients and novel combinations of ingredients that can help prevent, ameliorate, or reverse damage before, during, or after, or as a complement to, processes for altering the color of the hair are sought. Nevertheless, the choice of ingredients or combinations of ingredients could pose difficulties insofar as they cannot be detrimental to other cosmetic attributes such as ease and uniformity of application, rheology or viscosity properties of the compositions, stability of the compositions, and/or color deposit and target shade formation, and they cannot result in more disadvantages such as increased damage or a less healthy look to the hair.

[0010] As such, there is a need for new and improved products that have desired rheology properties and can be used for effectively altering the color of hair, while at the same time maintaining or improving the integrity of hair during coloring the hair and avoiding or minimizing damage to the hair. The present disclosure addresses these concerns and needs and relates to hair color-altering compositions containing bonding actives to maintain and/or enhance the integrity of chemically treated hair and/or damaged hair during processes for altering the color of hair.

SUMMARY

[0011 ] The present disclosure relates to compositions for altering the color of keratin fibers, particularly human hair, that comprise a synergistic combination of various components, including a bonding system comprising a first bonding agent and a second bonding agent. The compositions are typically in the form of a cream, but can also be a serum, a gel, a gel cream, a lotion, a liquid, or the like. The disclosure also relates to methods of using the compositions for altering the color of hair, and methods for reducing and/or preventing damage to hair during a process for altering the color of the hair.

[0012] It has surprisingly and unexpectedly been discovered that the bonding systems disclosed herein, when incorporated into hair color-altering compositions, provide integrity properties to keratin fibers subjected to color-altering processes. As such, in addition to lifting or coloring the hair, the compositions disclosed herein can protect hair from damage and/or reduce damage to the hair that would otherwise occur during such processes.

[0013] In various embodiments, the first bonding agent may be chosen from (a) alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups and/or salts thereof; (b) lactic acid and/or salts thereof; or (c) combinations of two or more thereof. The alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups (tricarboxylic acids) may, in preferred embodiments, be chosen from citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, propane-1 ,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, benzene-1 ,3,5- tricarboxylic acid, agaric acid, trimesic acid, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the first bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of citric acid and/or salts thereof. In another preferred embodiment, the first bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of lactic acid and/or salts thereof.

[0014] In various embodiments, the second bonding agent may be chosen from amino acids, amino sulfonic acids, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof. In preferred embodiments, the amino acid comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof. In further preferred embodiments, the second bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of at least one amino sulfonic acid, preferably chosen from taurine and/or salts therof. In still further preferred embodiments, the second agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of one or more agents chosen from glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof.

[0015] In particularly preferred embodiments, the compositions comprise amounts of first and second bonding agents chosen to achieve weight ratios of first bonding agent(s): second bonding agent(s) that provide the most optimal synergistic beneficial effects to the hair, as described herein. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is believed that choosing amounts and types of first bonding agent(s) and second bonding agent(s) as described herein, and in the ratios described herein, provides synergistic beneficial hair integrity, elasticity, and strength effects achieved by the hair color-altering base compositions and hair color-altering compositions described herein.

[0016] Accordingly, in some embodiments the disclosure relates to hair color-altering base compositions comprising: (a) a bonding system comprising (i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from lactic acid and/or salts thereof, and (ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from amino acids and/or salts thereof; (b) at least one fatty alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid; (d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside; (e) at least one alkalizing agent; and (f) at least one solvent. The hair color-altering base compositions may further comprise at least one color-altering agent chosen from oxidation bases, couplers, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions may further comprise at least one vegetable oil, at least one thickening agent, and/or at least one polyol. The hair color-altering base compositions do not require cationic polymers to achieve the beneficial effects described herein, and as such, may be free or essentially free of cationic polymers. The pH of the hair coloraltering base compositions is typically greater than 7, such as from about 9 to about 11 , from about 9.5 to about 10.5, or from about 10 to about 1 1 .

[0017] In preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of lactic acid and/or salts thereof in the hair color-altering base composition may range from about 0.1 % to about 5%, such as from about 0.1% to about 3.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 3.5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, or from about 0.75% to about 1 .5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair color-altering base composition; and the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) may range from about 0.1 % to about 12%, such as from about 0.1 % to about 10%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 12%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 12%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 7%, or from about 1 % to about 6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. In preferred examples of this embodiment, the at least one second bonding agent is chosen from glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. In preferred embodiments, the hair color-altering base composition comprises arginine and/or salts thereof in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, and/or the hair color-altering base composition comprises glycine and/or salts thereof in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In one preferred embodiment, the hair color-altering base composition comprises lactic acid, arginine, and glycine in a weight ratio of about 1 :3:1 .5 (lactic acid: arginine: glycine). In some particularly useful embodiments, the hair color-altering base composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% of lactic acid and from about 1 % to 7% of arginine and/or from about 1 % to 5% of glycine; wherein all amounts are by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition; and optionally wherein the base composition is free or essentially free of cationic polymers.

[0018] In further embodiments, the disclosure relates to hair color-altering base compositions comprising: (a) a bonding system comprising (i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups and/or salts thereof, (ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from glycine and/or salts thereof, and (iii) optionally, at least one third bonding agent chosen from amino sulfonic acids and/or salts thereof; (b) at least one fatty alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid; (d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside; (e) at least one alkalizing agent; and (f) at least one solvent comprising water. The pH of the hair color-altering base composition is typically greater than 7, such as from about 9 to about 1 1 , from about 9.5 to about 11 , or from about 9.5 to about 10.5. In some embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions may further include one or more hair coloring agents chosen from oxidation bases, couplers, or combinations thereof. In some further embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions may comprise at least one vegetable oil. In some embodiments, the composition may further comprise at least one thickening agent. In yet further embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions may include at least one polyol. The hair color-altering base compositions do not require cationic polymers to achieve the beneficial effects described herein, and as such, may be free or essentially free of cationic polymers.

[0019] In preferred examples of this embodiment, the weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the second bonding agent(s) in the base composition may be greater than 1 :5 and less than 1 :1 , such as from about 1 :1.1 to about 1 :4.9, from about 1 :1.5 to about 1 :4.5, or from about 1 :2 to about 1 :4, or may be about 1 :2.5. As an example of a preferred embodiment, the bonding system disclosed herein includes citric acid, glycine, and optionally taurine, where the weight ratio of citric acid to glycine is greater than 1 :5 and less than 1 :1 , such as from about 1 :1.1 to about 1 :4.9, from about 1 :1 .5 to about 1 :4.5, or from about 1 :2 to about 1 :4, or may be about 1 :2.5.

[0020] In some preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) in the hair color-altering base composition typically ranges from about 0.1% to about 0.6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition; the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) in the hair color-altering base composition may be greater than 0.1 % and less than 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition; and, if present, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) is greater than 0.1 % and less than 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0021] In yet further embodiments, the disclosure relates to hair color-altering base compositions comprising: (a) a bonding system comprising (i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from citric acid and/or salts thereof, and (ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from amino acids, amino sulfonic acids, salts thereof, or combinations thereof; (b) at least one fatty alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid; (d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside; (e) at least one alkalizing agent; and (f) at least one solvent. The hair color-altering base composition may further comprise one or more color-altering agents chosen from oxidation bases, couplers, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the hair color-altering base composition may further comprise at least one vegetable oil, at least one thickening agent, and/or at least one polyol. The hair color-altering base compositions do not require cationic polymers to achieve the beneficial effects described herein, and as such, may be free or essentially free of cationic polymers. The pH of the hair color-altering base compositions is typically greater than 7, such as from about 9 to about 1 1 , from about 9.5 to about 10.5, or from about 10 to about 1 1 .

[0022] In preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of citric acid and/or salts thereof in the hair color-altering base composition may range from about 0.1 % to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition; and the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) in the hair color-altering base composition ranges from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight, for example from about 1 % to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair base composition. In particularly preferred embodiments, the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) is equal to or greater than the total amount of the second bonding agent(s), e.g. the weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the second bonding agent(s) ranges from about 1 :1 to about 2:1 . In preferred examples of this embodiment, at least one second bonding agent is chosen from glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof. [0023] In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the hair color-altering base composition according to the present disclosure comprises (i) from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of citric acid and/or salts thereof; (ii) from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of glycine, and/or from about 0.5% to about 7%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of arginine; and (iii) optionally, from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of taurine; wherein all amounts are by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair base composition. In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the hair color-altering base composition according to the present disclosure comprises (i) from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of citric acid and/or salts thereof; (II) from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of taurine; and (iii) optionally, from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of glycine, and/or from about 0.5% to about 7%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of arginine; wherein all amounts are by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair base composition; and optionally wherein the base composition is free or essentially free of cationic polymers.

[0024] In various embodiments of the disclosure, the fatty alcohol(s) in the hair coloraltering base composition may be chosen from decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, linalool, oleyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, cis-4-t-butylcyclohexanol, and myricyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof. The total amount of fatty alcohol(s) may, in preferred embodiments, range from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, or may be present in any of the subranges within this range disclosed herein.

[0025] In various embodiments of the disclosure, the fatty acid(s) in the hair coloraltering base composition may be chosen from myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, arichidonic acid, oleic acid, isostearic acid, sebacic acid, or a combination thereof. The total amount of fatty acid(s) may, in preferred embodiments, range from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, or may be present in any of the subranges within this range disclosed herein.

[0026] In various embodiments of the disclosure, the total amount of alkyl polyglucoside(s) in the hair color-altering base composition may be chosen from arachidyl glucoside, C12-20 alkyl glucosides, caprylyl/capryl glucoside, cetearyl glucoside, coco-glucoside, lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside, sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate, or combinations of two or more thereof. The total amount of alkyl polyglucoside(s) may, in preferred embodiments, range from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, or may be present in any of the subranges within this range disclosed herein.

[0027] In various embodiments of the disclosure, the alkalizing agent(s) may be chosen from organic (e.g. alkanolamines) alkalizing agents, mineral (e.g. ammonia) alkalizing agents, or combinations of two or more thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the alkalizing agent(s) may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of alkanolamines, ammonia, or a combination of two or more thereof. The total amount of alkalizing agent(s) may, in preferred embodiments, range from about 2% to about 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, or may be present in any of the subranges within this range disclosed herein.

[0028] In various embodiments of the disclosure, the total amount of hair coloring agents, when present, preferably ranges from about 0.0001 % to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, or may be present in any of the subranges within this range disclosed herein; the total amount of vegetable oil(s), when present, preferably ranges from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, or may be present in any of the subranges within this range disclosed herein; and the total amount of thickening agent(s), when present, may range from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, or may be present in any of the subranges within this range disclosed herein. The thickening agent(s), if present, are preferably chosen from polysaccharides chosen from celluloses, starches, gums, or mixtures thereof.

[0029] In various embodiments of the disclosure, the at least one polyol, when present, may be chosen from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, pentylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1 ,3- propanediol, glycerin, polyethylene glycols, or combinations thereof. The total amount of polyol(s), when present, may preferably be at least 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, or may be present in any of the subranges within this range disclosed herein.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the disclosure relates to hair color-altering base compositions comprising (a) a bonding system comprising (i) from about 0.1 % to about 5% of lactic acid and/or salts thereof, and (ii) from about 0.1 % to 7% of arginine and/or salts thereof, and/or from about 0.1% to 5% of glycine and/or salts thereof; (b) at least one fatty alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid; (d) from about 0.05% to about 5% of at least one alkyl polyglucoside; (e) at least one alkalizing agent; (f) at least one color-altering agent chosen from oxidative dyes, couplers, or combinations thereof; (g) at least one solvent comprising water; (h) optionally, at least one vegetable oil; (i) optionally, at least one thickening agent; and (j) optionally, at least one polyol, wherein all amounts are by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, and preferably wherein the weight ratio of lactic acid:amino acid(s) (either individual or total) ranges from about 1 :5 to 5:1 , such as from about 1 :4 to 4:1 , from about 1 :3 to 3:1 , from about 1 :2 to 2:1 , or from about 1 :1 .5 to 1 .5:1 , or is about 1 :1 . The hair coloraltering base compositions do not require cationic polymers to achieve the beneficial effects described herein, and as such, may be free or essentially free of cationic polymers. The pH of the hair color-altering base compositions is typically greater than 7, such as from about 9 to about 1 1 , from about 9.5 to about 10.5, or from about 10 to about 1 1 .

[0031] In further preferred embodiments, the disclosure relates to hair color-altering base compositions comprising (a) a bonding system comprising (i) from about 0.1 % to about 5%, such as from about 0.1% to about 3.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 3.5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, or from about 0.75% to about 1 .5% of one or more first bonding agents chosen from lactic acid and/or salts thereof, and (ii) from about 0.1 % to about 12%, such as from about 0.1 % to about 10%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 12%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 12%, from about 1 % to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 7%, or from about 1% to about 6% of one or more second bonding agents chosen from glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof; (b) at least one fatty alcohol, which is preferably chosen from C8-C50 fatty alcohols or C12-C22 fatty alcohols, e.g. oleyl alcohol and/or cetearyl alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid, which is preferably chosen from C10-030 fatty acids or 012-022 fatty acids, e.g. oleic acid; (d) from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 3%, more preferably still from about 0.1 % to about 1 .5%, most preferably from about 0.1% to about 1% of at least one alkyl polyglucoside, which is preferably chosen from cetearyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, or combinations of two or more thereof; (e) at least one alkalizing agent chosen from organic alkalizing agents, mineral alkalizing agents, and combinations of two or more thereof, preferably including one or more alkanolamines (e.g. monoethanolamine), ammonia, and/or ammonium hydroxide; (f) optionally at least one hair coloring agent chosen from oxidative dyes, couplers, or combinations thereof; (g) at least one solvent comprising water; (h) optionally, at least one vegetable oil; (i) optionally, at least one thickening agent, which may for example be chosen from polysaccharides such as celluloses and/or gums (e.g. xanthan gum); and (j) optionally, at least one polyol, which may for example be chosen from C2-C32 polyols or C3-C16 polyols, e.g. 1 ,3-propanediol and/or glycerin; wherein all amounts are by weight, based on the total weight of the base composition; wherein the base composition is free or essentially free of cationic polymers; and wherein the base composition has a pH greater than 7, preferably ranging from about 9 to about 1 1 , more preferably ranging from about 10 to about 1 1. Preferably, the hair color-altering base composition comprises lactic acid, arginine, and glycine, which may further preferably be present in a weight ratio of about 1 :3:1 .5 (lactic acid: arginine:glycine).

[0032] In still further preferred embodiments, the disclosure relates to hair coloraltering base compositions comprising (a) a bonding system comprising (i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups and/or salts thereof, preferably chosen from citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, propane-1 ,2, 3-tricarboxylic acid, benzene-1 ,3,5- tricarboxylic acid, agaric acid, trimesic acid, salts thereof, or combinations thereof, more preferably chosen from citric acid and/or salts thereof, wherein the total amount of first bonding agent(s) ranges from about 0.1% to about 0.6%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.55%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.5%, from about 0.1% to about 0.45%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.4%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.35%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.3%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.25%, from about 0.1% to about 0.2%, from about 0.15% to about 0.4%, from about 0.15% to about 0.3%, from about 0.15% to about 0.25%, or from about 0.15% to about 0.2%, or is present in an amount of about 0.1%, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, or about 0.4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition; (ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from glycine and/or salts thereof, wherein the total amount of second bonding agent(s) present is greater than 0.1 % and less than 2%, such as from about 0.15% to about 1.95%, from about 0.2% to about 1.75%, from about 0.2% to about 1.5%, from about 0.2% to about 1.25%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 0.9%, from about 0.2% to about 0.8%, from about 0.2% to about 0.7%, from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.25% to about 1.25%, from about 0.25% to about 1%, from about 0.25% to about 0.9%, from about 0.25% to about 0.8%, from about 0.25% to about 0.7%, from about 0.25% to about 0.6%, from about 0.25% to about 0.5%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.3% to about 1 %, from about 0.3% to about 0.9%, from about 0.3% to about 0.8%, from about 0.3% to about 0.7%, from about 0.3% to about 0.6%, from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.35% to about 1 %, from about 0.35% to about 0.9%, from about 0.35% to about 0.8%, from about 0.35% to about 0.7%, from about 0.35% to about 0.6%, from about 0.35% to about 0.5%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.4% to about 1%, from about 0.4% to about 0.9%, from about 0.4% to about 0.8%, from about 0.4% to about 0.7%, from about 0.4% to about 0.6%, from about 0.4% to about 0.5%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.45% to about 1.25%, from about 0.45% to about 1%, from about 0.45% to about 0.9%, from about 0.45% to about 0.8%, from about 0.45% to about 0.7%, from about 0.45% to about 0.6%, or from about 0.45% to about 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition; and (iii) optionally at least one third bonding agent chosen from amino sulfonic acids and/or salts thereof, preferably chosen from aminomethane sulfonic acid, 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (taurine), amino propane sulfonic acid, aminobutane sulfonic acid, aminohexane sulfonic acid, aminoisopropyl sulfonic acid, aminododecyl sulfonic acid, aminobenzene sulfonic acid, aminotoulene sulfonic acid, sulfanilic acid, chlorosulfanilic acid, diamino benzene sulfonic acid, amino phenol sulfonic acid, amino propyl benzene sulfonic acid, amino hexyl benzene sulfonic acid, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof, more preferably chosen from taurine and/or salts thereof, wherein the total amount of third bonding agent(s) (if present) is greater than 0.1% and less than 2%, such as from about 0.2% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 0.9%, from about 0.2% to about 0.8%, from about 0.2% to about 0.7%, from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.25% to about 1 %, from about 0.25% to about 0.9%, from about 0.25% to about 0.8%, from about 0.25% to about 0.7%, from about 0.25% to about 0.6%, from about 0.25% to about 0.5%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.3% to about 1%, from about 0.3% to about 0.9%, from about 0.3% to about 0.8%, from about 0.3% to about 0.7%, from about 0.3% to about 0.6%, from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.35% to about 1 %, from about 0.35% to about 0.9%, from about 0.35% to about 0.8%, from about 0.35% to about 0.7%, from about 0.35% to about 0.6%, from about 0.35% to about 0.5%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.4% to about 1%, from about 0.4% to about 0.9%, from about 0.4% to about 0.8%, from about 0.4% to about 0.7%, from about 0.4% to about 0.6%, from about 0.4% to about 0.5%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.45% to about 1.25%, from about 0.45% to about 1%, from about 0.45% to about 0.9%, from about 0.45% to about 0.8%, from about 0.45% to about 0.7%, from about 0.45% to about 0.6%, or from about 0.45% to about 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition; wherein the ratio of the total amount of first bonding agent(s) to the total amount of second bonding agent(s) is greater than 1 :5 and less than 1 :1 , such as from about 1 :1 .1 to about 1 :4.9, from about 1 :1 .25 to about 1 :4.75, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :4, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3.75, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3.5, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3.25, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3; from about 1 :2.25 to about 1 :4, from about 1 :2.25 to about 1 :3.75, from about 1 :2.25 to about 1 :3.5, from about 1 :2.25 to about 1 :3.25; from about 1 :2.5 to about 1 :4, from 1 :2.5 to about 1 :3.75, from about 1 :2.5 to about 1 :3.5, or from about 1 :2.5 to about 1 :3.25; (b) at least one fatty alcohol, which is preferably chosen from C8-C50 fatty alcohols or C12-C22 fatty alcohols, e.g. oleyl alcohol and/or cetearyl alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid, which is preferably chosen from C10-C30 fatty acids or C12-C22 fatty acids, e.g. oleic acid; (d) from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 3%, more preferably still from about 0.1 % to about 1 .5%, most preferably from about 0.1 % to about 1% of at least one alkyl polyglucoside, which is preferably chosen from cetearyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, or combinations of two or more thereof; (e) at least one alkalizing agent chosen from organic alkalizing agents, mineral alkalizing agents, and combinations of two or more thereof, preferably including one or more alkanolamines (e.g. monoethanolamine), ammonia, and/or ammonium hydroxide; (f) optionally at least one hair coloring agent chosen from oxidative dyes, couplers, or combinations thereof; (g) at least one solvent comprising water; (h) optionally, at least one vegetable oil; (I) optionally, at least one thickening agent, which may for example be chosen from polysaccharides such as celluloses and/or gums (e.g. xanthan gum); and (j) optionally, at least one polyol, which may for example be chosen from C2-C32 polyols or C3-C16 polyols, e.g. 1 ,3-propanediol and/or glycerin, wherein the pH of the hair color-altering base composition is greater than 7, such as from about 9 to about 11 , from about 9.5 to about 1 1 , or from about 9.5 to about 10.5; wherein if a third bonding agent is present, the weight ratio of the second bonding agent(s) to the third bonding agent(s) optionally ranges from about 1 :3 to about 3:1 , such as from about 1 :2.5 to about 2.5:1 , from about 1 :2 to about 2:1 , from about 1 :1 .5 to about 1 .5:1 , from about 1 :1 .4 to about 1 .4:1 , from about 1 :1 .3 to about 1 .3:1 , from about 1 :1 .2 to about 1 .2:1 , from about 1 :1.1 to about 1 .1 :1 , or may be about 1 :1 ; wherein if a third bonding agent is present, the weight ratio of the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) to the total combined amount of the second and third bonding agents is optionally greater than 1 :10 but less than 1 :1 , such as ranging from 1 :1 to about 1 :8, from about 1 :1 to about 1 :6, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :10, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :8, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :6, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :10, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :8, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :6, from about 1 :4 to about 1 :10, from about 1 :4 to about 1 :8, from about 1 :4 to about 1 :6, or from about 1 :4.5 to about 1 :5.5, or is about 1 :4, about 1 :4.5, about 1 :5, about 1 :5.5, or about 1 :6; and wherein the hair color-altering base composition is optionally free or essentially free of cationic polymers.

[0033] In yet further preferred embodiments, the disclosure relates to hair coloraltering base compositions comprising (a) a bonding system comprising (i) a first bonding agent chosen from citric acid and/or salts thereof, in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 0.6%; (ii) a second bonding agent chosen from glycine and/or salts thereof, in an amount of greater than 0.1 % and less than 2%; and (iii) optionally, a third bonding agent chosen from taurine and/or salts thereof, in an amount of greater than 0.1% and less than 2%; wherein the ratio of the total amount of first bonding agent(s) to the total amount of second bonding agent(s) is greater than 1 :5 and less than 1 :1 ; (b) at least one fatty alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid; (d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside; (e) at least one alkalizing agent; (f) at least one color-altering agent chosen from oxidation dyes, couplers, or combinations thereof; (f) at least one solvent comprising water; (g) optionally, at least one vegetable oil, at least one thickening agent, and/or at least one polyol. The hair color-altering base compositions do not require cationic polymers to achieve the beneficial effects described herein, and as such, may be free or essentially free of cationic polymers. The pH of the hair coloraltering base compositions is typically greater than 7, such as from about 9 to about 11 , from about 9.5 to about 10.5, or from about 10 to about 1 1 .

[0034] In even further preferred embodiments, the disclosure relates to hair coloraltering base compositions comprising (a) a bonding system comprising (i) from about 0.1 % to about 5% of citric acid and/or salts thereof, and (ii) from about 0.1 % to about 5% of glycine, and/or from about 0.1 % to about 5% of arginine, and/or from about 0.1 % to about 5% of taurine; (b) at least one fatty alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid; (d) from about 0.05% to about 5% of at least one alkyl polyglucoside; (e) at least one alkalizing agent; (f) at least one color-altering agent chosen from oxidative dyes, couplers, or combinations thereof; (g) at least one solvent comprising water; (h) optionally, at least one vegetable oil; (i) optionally, at least one thickening agent; and (j) optionally, at least one polyol, wherein all amounts are by weight, based on the total weight of the hair color-altering base composition. The hair color-altering base compositions do not require cationic polymers to achieve the beneficial effects described herein, and as such, may be free or essentially free of cationic polymers. The pH of the hair color-altering base compositions is typically greater than 7, such as from about 9 to about 1 1 , from about 9.5 to about 10.5, or from about 10 to about 1 1 .

[0035] In still further preferred embodiments, the disclosure relates to hair coloraltering base compositions comprising (a) a bonding system comprising (i) from about 0.1 % to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 4%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 3%, more preferably still from about 0.1 % to about 2.5%, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 2.5% of one or more first bonding agents chosen from citric acid and/or salts thereof, and (ii) from about 0.1 % to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 4%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 3%, more preferably still from about 0.1 % to about 2.5%, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 2.5% of one or more second bonding agents chosen from glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof; (b) at least one fatty alcohol, which is preferably chosen from C8-C50 fatty alcohols or C12-C22 fatty alcohols, e.g. oleyl alcohol and/or cetearyl alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid, which is preferably chosen from C10-C30 fatty acids or C12-C22 fatty acids, e.g. oleic acid; (d) from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 3%, more preferably still from about 0.1 % to about 1 .5%, most preferably from about 0.1 % to about 1% of at least one alkyl polyglucoside, which is preferably chosen from cetearyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, or combinations of two or more thereof; (e) at least one alkalizing agent chosen from organic alkalizing agents, mineral alkalizing agents, and combinations of two or more thereof, preferably including one or more alkanolamines (e.g. monoethanolamine), ammonia, and/or ammonium hydroxide; (f) optionally at least one hair coloring agent chosen from oxidative dyes, couplers, or combinations thereof; (g) at least one solvent comprising water; (h) optionally, at least one vegetable oil; (I) optionally, at least one thickening agent, which may for example be chosen from polysaccharides such as celluloses and/or gums (e.g. xanthan gum); and (j) optionally, at least one polyol, which may for example be chosen from C2-C32 polyols or C3-C16 polyols, e.g. 1 ,3-propanediol and/or glycerin; wherein all amounts are by weight, based on the total weight of the base composition; wherein the first and second bonding agents are present in the base composition in a weight ratio (first bonding agent: second bonding agent) ranging from about 1 :1 to about 2:1 ; wherein the base composition is free or essentially free of cationic polymers; and wherein the base composition has a pH greater than 7, preferably ranging from about 9 to about 1 1 , more preferably ranging from about 10 to about 1 1 .

[0036] The hair color-altering base compositions disclosed herein are generally stable and can be stored at room temperature for at least 24 months. Any of the base compositions disclosed herein may be mixed, at the time or near the time of use, with a developer composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent to prepare a mixture, i.e., a hair color-altering composition, that can be applied on the hair for altering the color of the hair, while at the same time, maintaining or improving the integrity of the chemically treated hair and/or damaged hair.

[0037] The hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure are typically mixed with a developer composition comprising one or more oxidizing agents, for example hydrogen peroxide, at or near the time of use, to provide hair color-altering compositions according to the disclosure.

[0038] The disclosure thus also relates to hair color-altering compositions comprising a bonding system and/or a hair color-altering base composition as described herein. A hair color-altering composition is a mixture typically obtained at or near the time of use by mixing a hair color-altering base composition with a developer composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent. The methods thus may further comprise mixing any of the hair color-altering base compositions disclosed herein with a developer composition at or near the time of use to obtain a hair color-altering composition according to the disclosure. The hair color-altering compositions have a pH of greater than 7, such as from about 9 to about 1 1 , or from about 9.5 to about 10.5.

[0039] In yet further embodiments, the disclosure relates to methods for altering the color of hair, including lifting the color of the hair and/or providing color to the hair, while imparting strength to the hair and/or minimizing or reducing damage to the hair by using the compositions disclosed herein. The methods generally comprise applying a hair color-altering composition according to the present disclosure to the hair, and rinsing the composition from the hair after the composition is allowed to process on the hair for a desired period of time, such as from about 1 minute to about 60 minutes. The hair may optionally be pre-bleached before the application of the color-altering compositions disclosed herein.

[0040] The disclosure further relates to kits comprising a hair color-altering base composition as described herein and optionally a second composition, e.g. a developer composition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, and, together with the general description given above and the description provided herein, serve to explain features of the disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the elastic modulus of hair treated with compositions according to the disclosure, and hair treated with comparative compositions.

[0043] FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the tensile toughness of hair treated with compositions according to the disclosure, and hair treated with comparative compositions.

[0044] FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the break stress of hair treated with a composition according to the disclosure, and hair treated with a comparative composition.

[0045] FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the plateau stress of hair treated with a composition according to the disclosure, and hair treated with a comparative composition.

[0046] FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of hair treated with a composition according to the disclosure, and hair treated with a comparative composition.

[0047] FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of hair treated with a composition according to the disclosure, compared with untreated hair and hair similarly treated with a comparative composition.

[0048] FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the plateau stress of hair treated with a composition according to the disclosure, compared with untreated hair and hair similarly treated with a comparative composition.

[0049] FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the denaturation temperatures of the hair treated with compositions according to the disclosure, the hair treated with comparative compositions, and an untreated control, evaluated via Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

[0050] It is to be understood that the foregoing and following descriptions are exemplary and explanatory only and are not intended to be restrictive of any subject matter claimed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present disclosure relates to compositions for altering the color of hair, as well as kits containing the compositions and methods of using the compositions. A unique feature of the compositions and methods according to the present disclosure is a bonding system incorporated in the compositions for altering the color of the hair, where the bonding system comprises a synergistic combination of first and second bonding agents. It has been surprisingly found that the bonding system can significantly improve hair fiber integrity and/or minimize hair damage caused by chemical treatment.

I. Compositions

[0052] In various embodiments, the compositions according to the disclosure are compositions for altering the color of hair. Such hair color-altering compositions can be, in various embodiments, for demi-permanently or permanently altering the hair color. In each case, the compositions comprise a synergistic combination of (i) at least one first bonding agent; and (ii) at least one second bonding agent. The compositions may be hair color-altering base compositions that can be mixed with a developer composition at or near the time of use or may be hair color-altering compositions that are prepared by mixing a hair color-altering base composition and a developer composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent at or near the time of use.

Hair Color-Altering Base Compositions

[0053] In various embodiments, a hair color-altering base composition (referred to interchangeably as “base compositions” or “hair base compositions”) according to the present disclosure comprises: (a) a bonding system comprising (i) at least one first bonding agent, and (ii) at least one second bonding agent; (b) at least one fatty alcohol; (c) at least one fatty acid; (d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside; (e) at least one alkalizing agent; and (f) at least one solvent. In some embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions can further comprise one or more hair coloring agents chosen from oxidation bases, couplers, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions may optionally further comprise additional components, for example at least one vegetable oil, at least one thickening agent, at least one polyol, and/or at least one additive. The hair color-altering base compositions do not require cationic polymers to impart beneficial hair integrity, elasticity, and strength effects, and therefore may optionally be free or essentially free of cationic polymers. The pH of the hair color-altering base compositions is typically greater than 7.

Bonding System

[0054] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure comprise a bonding system formed with a synergistic combination of (i) at least one first bonding agent, and (ii) at least one second bonding agent. The first and second bonding agents work synergistically together to provide hair with advantageous benefits described herein when used in hair color-altering compositions and processes.

First Bonding Agent

[0055] In various embodiments, the (i) at least one first bonding agent may be chosen from (a) alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups and/or salts thereof; (b) lactic acid and/or salts thereof; or (c) mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0056] In a first preferred embodiment, the first bonding agent comprises (a) one or more alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups (tricarboxylic acids). By way of non-limiting example, alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups (tricarboxylic acids) that may be chosen include citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, propane-1 ,2, 3-tricarboxylic acid, benzene-1 ,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, agaric acid, trimesic acid, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof. In a preferred example of this embodiment, the first bonding agent comprises citric acid.

[0057] In preferred examples of this embodiment, the first bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of citric acid and/or salts thereof, present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 5%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1% to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 .5% to about 4%, or from about 1 .5% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some preferred embodiments, the total amount of citric acid and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight, such as from about 1 % to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some other preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of citric acid and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.3% to about 3.5%, such as from about 0.3% to about 3.25%, from about 0.3% to about 3%, from about 0.3% to about 2.75%, from about 0.3% to about 2.5%, from about 0.3% to about 2.25%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 3.25%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2.75%, from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2.25%, from about 0.75% to about 3.5%, from about 0.75% to about 3.25%, from about 0.75% to about 3%, from about 0.75% to about 2.75%, from about 0.75% to about 2.5%, from about 0.75% to about 2.25%, from about 1 % to about 3.5%, from about 1 % to about 3.25%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 2.75%, from about 1 % to about 2.5%, from about 1 % to about 2.25%, or from about 1 .25% to about 2.75% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In yet further preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of citric acid and/or salts thereof is about 1 %, about 1 .5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, or about 3.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0058] In still further preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of first bonding agent(s) chosen from alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups (tricarboxylic acids) in the base composition ranges from about 0.1 % to about 0.6% by weight, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 0.55%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.45%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.4%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.35%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.3%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.25%, from about 0.1% to about 0.2%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.15%, from about 0.15% to about 0.4%, from about 0.15% to about 0.35%, from about 0.15% to about 0.3%, from about 0.15% to about 0.25%, from about 0.15% to about 0.2%, from about 0.2% to about 0.4%, from about 0.2% to about 0.35%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.2% to about 0.25%, from about 0.25% to about 0.4%, from about 0.25% to about 0.35%, from about 0.25% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 0.4%, from about 0.3% to about 0.35%, or from about 0.35% to about 0.4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. For example, the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) chosen from alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups (tricarboxylic acids) may be about 0.1 %, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0059] In yet further preferred examples of this embodiment, the first bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of citric acid and/or salts thereof, where the total amount of citric acid and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.1 % to about 0.6% by weight, including all aforementioned subranges, relative to the total weight of the base composition. As a further example, the base composition may comprise citric acid and/or salts thereof in an amount of about 0.1 %, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0060] In a second preferred embodiment, the first bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of (b) lactic acid and/or salts thereof. In preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of first bonding agent(s) in the hair color-altering base compositions ranges from about 0.1 % to about 5%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1% to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 .5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1.5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 %, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1% to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 1 .5%, from about 1 .5% to about 5%, from about 1 .5% to about 4%, from about 1 .5% to about 3%, or from about 1 .5% to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some preferred examples, the total amount of lactic acid and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight, for example from about 0.75% to about 1 .5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some further preferred examples, the total amount of lactic acid and/or salts thereof is about 1 %, about 1.5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, or about 3.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

Second Bonding Agent

[0061] The at least one second bonding agent may be chosen from amino acids, amino sulfonic acids, salts thereof, and combinations of two or more thereof.

[0062] In a first preferred embodiment, the second bonding agent is chosen from amino acids, salts thereof, and combinations of two or more thereof. For example, preferred amino acids include glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof. In preferred examples of this embodiment, the second bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof.

[0063] In preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of an individual second bonding agent in the base compositions may range from about 0.1 % to about 10%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 9%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.1 % to about 7%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1% to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1% to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 9%, from about 0.2% to about 8%, from about 0.2% to about 7%, from about 0.2% to about 6%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 9%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 9%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1% to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1% to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some examples of this embodiment, the amount of each individual second bonding agent in the base composition may be about 0.5%, about 1 %, about 1 .5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, about 3.5%, about 4%, about 4.5%, about 5%, about 5.5%, about 6%, about 6.5%, about 7%, about 7.5%, about 8%, about 8.5%, about 9%, about 9.5%, or about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. [0064] In other preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) in the base composition ranges from about 0.1 % to about 12%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1% to about 1 1%, from about 0.1 % to about 10%, from about 0.1 % to about 9%, from about 0.1% to about 8%, from about 0.1 % to about 7%, from about 0.1% to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 12%, from about 0.5% to about 11 %, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 9%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 1% to about 12%, from about 1 % to about 1 1%, from about 1 % to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 9%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4.5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair color-altering base composition.

[0065] In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the hair color-altering base composition comprises glycine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 5%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 4.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1% to about 2.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 .5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4.5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3.5%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2.5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4.5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 0.75% to about 5%, from about 0.75% to about 4.5%, from about 0.75% to about 4%, from about 0.75% to about 3.5%, from about 0.75% to about 3%, from about 0.75% to about 2.5%, from about 0.75% to about 2%, from about 0.75% to about 1.5%, from about 0.75% to about 1%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4.5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3.5%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1% to about 2.5%, from about 1 % to about 2%, or from about 1 % to about 1 .5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In other preferred examples, glycine is included in the base composition in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, for example from about 0.75% to about 3.25%, such as from about 1 % to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some preferred examples, glycine and/or salts thereof are included in the base composition as described, as the only second bonding agent.

[0066] In still further preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.1 % to about 2%, such as from about 0.2% to about 1 .75% by weight, including all subranges therebetween, relative to the total weight of the base composition. For example, in various embodiments the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.2% to about 1.5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 0.9%, from about 0.2% to about 0.8%, from about 0.2% to about 0.7%, from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, from about 0.2% to about 0.4%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.25% to about 1 %, from about 0.25% to about 0.9%, from about 0.25% to about 0.8%, from about 0.25% to about 0.7%, from about 0.25% to about 0.6%, from about 0.25% to about 0.5%, from about 0.25% to about 0.4%, from about 0.25% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.3% to about 1%, from about 0.3% to about 0.9%, from about 0.3% to about 0.8%, from about 0.3% to about 0.7%, from about 0.3% to about 0.6%, from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, from about 0.3% to about 0.4%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.35% to about 1 %, from about 0.35% to about 0.9%, from about 0.35% to about 0.8%, from about 0.35% to about 0.7%, from about 0.35% to about 0.6%, from about 0.35% to about 0.5%, from about 0.35% to about 0.4%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.4% to about 1 %, from about 0.4% to about 0.9%, from about 0.4% to about 0.8%, from about 0.4% to about 0.7%, from about 0.4% to about 0.6%, from about 0.4% to about 0.5%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.45% to about 1 %, from about 0.45% to about 0.9%, from about 0.45% to about 0.8%, from about 0.45% to about 0.7%, from about 0.45% to about 0.6%, from about 0.45% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.5% to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 0.9%, from about 0.5% to about 0.8%, from about 0.5% to about 0.7%, or from about 0.5% to about 0.6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0067] In still other preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not less than exactly 0.20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some further embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not greater than exactly 1.99%, such as not greater than exactly 1.950%, or not greater than exactly 1.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In further embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not greater than exactly 0.99%, such as not greater than exactly 0.95%, or not greater than exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not less than exactly 0.20%, and not greater than exactly 1.99%, such as not greater than exactly 1.950%, or not greater than exactly 1.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some further embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not less than exactly 0.20%, and not greater than exactly 0.99%, such as not greater than exactly 0.95%, or not greater than exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. For example, in some preferred embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.99%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.950%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.90%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1.75%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1.5%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1 %, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.9%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.8%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.7%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.6%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.5%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.4%, or from exactly 0.20% to about 0.3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In other preferred embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.99%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.950%, or from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In still further embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.2% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.99%, from about 1% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.2% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.950%, from about 1 % to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.2% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.99%, from about 1% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.9% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.9% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some preferred examples, glycine and/or salts thereof are included in the base composition as described, as the only second bonding agent. [0068] In yet further preferred examples of this embodiment, the hair color-altering base composition comprises arginine and/or salts thereof in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 7%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 6.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4.5%, from about 0.1% to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 7%, from about 0.2% to about 6.5%, from about 0.2% to about 6%, from about 0.2% to about 5.5%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4.5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3.5%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2.5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6.5%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5.5%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4.5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 %, from about 0.75% to about 7%, from about 0.75% to about 6.5%, from about 0.75% to about 6%, from about 0.75% to about 5.5%, from about 0.75% to about 5%, from about 0.75% to about 4.5%, from about 0.75% to about 4%, from about 0.75% to about 3.5%, from about 0.75% to about 3%, from about 0.75% to about 2.5%, from about 0.75% to about 2%, from about 0.75% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.75% to about 1 %, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6.5%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5.5%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4.5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1% to about 3.5%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 2.5%, from about 1 % to about 2%, or from about 1 % to about 1 .5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In other preferred examples, arginine is included in the base composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 5.5%, for example from about 0.25% to about 5.25% by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some preferred examples, arginine and/or salts thereof are included in the base composition as described, as the only second bonding agent.

[0069] In a second preferred embodiment, the second bonding agent is chosen from amino acids, amino sulfonic acids, salts thereof, and combinations of two or more thereof. For example, examples of useful amino acids include glycine, arginine, and salts thereof, and examples of useful amino sulfonic acids include aminomethane sulfonic acid, 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (taurine), amino propane sulfonic acid, aminobutane sulfonic acid, aminohexane sulfonic acid, aminoisopropyl sulfonic acid, aminododecyl sulfonic acid, aminobenzene sulfonic acid, aminotoulene sulfonic acid, sulfanilic acid, chlorosulfanilic acid, diamino benzene sulfonic acid, amino phenol sulfonic acid, amino propyl benzene sulfonic acid, amino hexyl benzene sulfonic acid, and salts thereof, and further include combinations of any two or more of the foregoing. In a preferred example of this embodiment, the base composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or mixtures of two or more thereof as second bonding agent(s). Optionally, the second bonding agent may consist essentially of or consist of glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. In at least one embodiment, the base composition comprises a second bonding agent chosen from glycine and/or arginine. In at least another embodiment, the base composition comprises taurine.

[0070] In preferred examples of this embodiment, the amount of each individual second bonding agent in the base compositions may range from about 0.1 % to about 7%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 7%, from about 0.2% to about 6%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 .5% to about 4%, from about 1.5% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the amount of each individual second bonding agent in the base compositions may be about 0.1 %, about 0.5%, about 1 %, about 1.5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, about 3.5%, about 4%, about 4.5%, about 5%, about 5.5%, about 6%, about 6.5%, or about 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0071] In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) in the base compositions may range from about 0.1 % to about 12%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 11 %, from about 0.1 % to about 10%, from about 0.1 % to about 9%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.1% to about 7%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 12%, from about 0.5% to about 1 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 9%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 %, from about 1 % to about 12%, from about 1 % to about 1 1 %, from about 1 % to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 9%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1% to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1% to about 4.5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1% to about 3%, or from about 1 % to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0072] In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the at least one second bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consist of glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof, wherein the individual and/or total amounts thereof are as described above. In some preferred examples of this embodiment, the hair base composition may comprise from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of glycine and/or salts thereof, and/or from about 0.5% to about 7%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of arginine and/or salts thereof; and optionally, from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1% to about 5%, of taurine and/or salts thereof; wherein all amounts are by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the hair base composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of taurine and/or salts thereof; and optionally, from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1% to about 5%, of glycine and/or salts thereof, and/or from about 0.5% to about 7%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of arginine and/or salts thereof; wherein all amounts are by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. Preferred Synergistic Combinations of Bonding Agents

[0073] While not intending to be limiting of the invention described herein, the following are examples of preferred synergistic combinations of first and second bonding agents that can be chosen as particularly useful bonding systems according to the disclosure.

(A) First Preferred Exemplary Bonding Systems

[0074] A first preferred bonding system comprises a combination of (i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups and/or salts thereof, and (II) at least one second bonding agent chosen from amino acids and/or salts thereof, preferably glycine and/or salts thereof. The amounts of the first bonding agent(s) and the second bonding agent(s) may be chosen such that a weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the second bonding agent(s) is greater than 1 :5 and less than 1 :1 , such as from about 1 :1 .1 to about 1 :4.9, from about 1 :1 .5 to about 1 :4.5, or from about 1 :2 to about 1 :4, or may be about 1 :2.5. The bonding system may optionally further comprise (iii) at least one third bonding agent chosen from amino sulfonic acids and/or salts thereof.

[0075] In various embodiments, the at least one first bonding agent may be chosen from alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups (tricarboxylic acid), such as citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, propane-1 ,2,3- tricarboxylic acid, benzene-1 ,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, agaric acid, trimesic acid, salts thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0076] In various exemplary embodiments, the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) in the base compositions may range from about 0.1 % to about 0.6% by weight, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1% to about 0.55%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.45%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.4%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.35%, from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.25%, from about 0.1 % to about 0.2%, from about 0.1% to about 0.15%, from about 0.15% to about 0.4%, from about 0.15% to about 0.35%, from about 0.15% to about 0.3%, from about 0.15% to about 0.25%, from about 0.15% to about 0.2%, from about 0.2% to about 0.4%, from about 0.2% to about 0.35%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.2% to about 0.25%, from about 0.25% to about 0.4%, from about 0.25% to about 0.35%, from about 0.25% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 0.4%, from about 0.3% to about 0.35%, or from about 0.35% to about 0.4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. For example, the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) may be about 0.1%, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0077] In at least one embodiment, the first bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of citric acid and/or salts thereof. For example, the base composition may comprise citric acid and/or salts thereof in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 0.4% by weight, including all aforementioned subranges, relative to the total weight of the base composition. As a further example, the base composition may comprise citric acid and/or salts thereof in an amount of about 0.1%, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, or about 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0078] In various examples of this embodiment, compositions according to the present disclosure include at least one second bonding agent chosen from glycine and/or salt(s) thereof. In some embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.1 % to about 2%, such as from about 0.2% to about 1 .75% by weight, including all subranges therebetween, relative to the total weight of the base composition. For example, in various embodiments the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.2% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 0.9%, from about 0.2% to about 0.8%, from about 0.2% to about 0.7%, from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, from about 0.2% to about 0.4%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.25% to about 1.25%, from about 0.25% to about 1%, from about 0.25% to about 0.9%, from about 0.25% to about 0.8%, from about 0.25% to about 0.7%, from about 0.25% to about 0.6%, from about 0.25% to about 0.5%, from about 0.25% to about 0.4%, from about 0.25% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.3% to about 1%, from about 0.3% to about 0.9%, from about 0.3% to about 0.8%, from about 0.3% to about 0.7%, from about 0.3% to about 0.6%, from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, from about 0.3% to about 0.4%, from about 0.35% to about 1.75%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.35% to about 1.25%, from about 0.35% to about 1%, from about 0.35% to about 0.9%, from about 0.35% to about 0.8%, from about 0.35% to about 0.7%, from about 0.35% to about 0.6%, from about 0.35% to about 0.5%, from about 0.35% to about 0.4%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.4% to about 1.5%, from about 0.4% to about 1.25%, from about 0.4% to about 1 %, from about 0.4% to about 0.9%, from about 0.4% to about 0.8%, from about 0.4% to about 0.7%, from about 0.4% to about 0.6%, from about 0.4% to about 0.5%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.45% to about 1.25%, from about 0.45% to about 1%, from about 0.45% to about 0.9%, from about 0.45% to about 0.8%, from about 0.45% to about 0.7%, from about 0.45% to about 0.6%, from about 0.45% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 0.5% to about 0.9%, from about 0.5% to about 0.8%, from about 0.5% to about 0.7%, or from about 0.5% to about 0.6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0079] In some examples of this embodiment, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not less than exactly 0.20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some further embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not greater than exactly 1.99%, such as not greater than exactly 1.950%, or not greater than exactly 1.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In further embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not greater than exactly 0.99%, such as not greater than exactly 0.95%, or not greater than exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not less than exactly 0.20%, and not greater than exactly 1.99%, such as not greater than exactly 1.950%, or not greater than exactly 1.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some further embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof is not less than exactly 0.20%, and not greater than exactly 0.99%, such as not greater than exactly 0.95%, or not greater than exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. For example, in various embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.99%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.950%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.90%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1 .75%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1 .5%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.9%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.8%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.7%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.6%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.5%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.4%, or from exactly 0.20% to about 0.3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In other embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.99%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.950%, or from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In still further embodiments, the total amount of glycine and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.2% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.99%, from about 1 % to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.2% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.950%, from about 1 % to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.2% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.99%, from about 1% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.9% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.9% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0080] In particularly preferred examples of this embodiment, the amounts of the first bonding agent(s) and the second bonding agent(s) may be chosen such that the weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the second bonding agent(s) allows the combination thereof to provide synergistic optimal fiber integrity benefit. In various embodiments of the disclosure, the first bonding agent(s) is typically included in an amount lesser than or equal to the amount of the second bonding agent(s), e.g. in a weight ratio of 1 :1 or less. For instance, in certain embodiments, the weight ratio of the amount of the first bonding agent(s) to the amount of the second bonding agent(s), especially when the second bonding agent comprises glycine and/or a salt thereof, is greater than 1 :5 but less than 1 :1 , including all subranges therebetween, such as ranging from about 1 :1 .001 to about 1 :4.999, from about 1 :1.1 to about 1 :4.9, or from about 1 :1 .25 to about 1 :4.75. In various exemplary embodiments, weight ratio of the amount of the first bonding agent(s) to the amount of the second bonding agent(s) may range from about 1 :2 to about 1 :4, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3.75, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3.5, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3.25, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3; from about 1 :2.25 to about 1 :4, from about 1 :2.25 to about 1 :3.75, from about 1 :2.25 to about 1 :3.5, from about 1 :2.25 to about 1 :3.25; from about 1 :2.5 to about 1 :4, from 1 :2.5 to about 1 :3.75, from about 1 :2.5 to about 1 :3.5, from about 1 :2.5 to about 1 :3.25. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the second bonding agent(s) is about 1 :2, about 1 :2.25, about 1 :2.5, about 1 :2.75, or about 1 :3. In at least one embodiment, the base composition comprises citric acid and glycine, where the weight ratio of citric acid to glycine is about 1 :2.5.

[0081] In some preferred examples of this embodiment, base compositions may further include at least one third bonding agent chosen from amino sulfonic acids and salts thereof. Non-limiting examples of amino sulfonic acids include aminomethane sulfonic acid, 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (taurine), aminopropane sulfonic acid, aminobutane sulfonic acid, aminohexane sulfonic acid, aminoisopropyl sulfonic acid, aminododecyl sulfonic acid, aminobenzene sulfonic acid, aminotoulene sulfonic acid, sulfanilic acid, chlorosulfanilic acid, diamino benzene sulfonic acid, amino phenol sulfonic acid, amino propyl benzene sulfonic acid, amino hexyl benzene sulfonic acid, and salts thereof. Combinations of at least two, such as at least three, at least four, etc., amino sulfonic acids and/or salts thereof are also contemplated.

[0082] If present, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) preferably ranges from about 0.1 % to about 2%, such as from about 0.2% to about 1.75% by weight, including all subranges therebetween, relative to the total weight of the base composition. For example, in various embodiments the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) ranges from about 0.2% to about 1.5%, from about 0.2% to about 1.25%, from about 0.2% to about 1%, from about 0.2% to about 0.9%, from about 0.2% to about 0.8%, from about 0.2% to about 0.7%, from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, from about 0.2% to about 0.4%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.25% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.25% to about 1.25%, from about 0.25% to about 1 %, from about 0.25% to about 0.9%, from about 0.25% to about 0.8%, from about 0.25% to about 0.7%, from about 0.25% to about 0.6%, from about 0.25% to about 0.5%, from about 0.25% to about 0.4%, from about 0.25% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.3% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.3% to about 1 %, from about 0.3% to about 0.9%, from about 0.3% to about 0.8%, from about 0.3% to about 0.7%, from about 0.3% to about 0.6%, from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, from about 0.3% to about 0.4%, from about 0.35% to about 1.75%, from about 0.35% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.35% to about 1.25%, from about 0.35% to about 1%, from about 0.35% to about 0.9%, from about 0.35% to about 0.8%, from about 0.35% to about 0.7%, from about 0.35% to about 0.6%, from about 0.35% to about 0.5%, from about 0.35% to about 0.4%, from about 0.4% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.4% to about 1.5%, from about 0.4% to about 1.25%, from about 0.4% to about 1 %, from about 0.4% to about 0.9%, from about 0.4% to about 0.8%, from about 0.4% to about 0.7%, from about 0.4% to about 0.6%, from about 0.4% to about 0.5%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.45% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.45% to about 1.25%, from about 0.45% to about 1%, from about 0.45% to about 0.9%, from about 0.45% to about 0.8%, from about 0.45% to about 0.7%, from about 0.45% to about 0.6%, from about 0.45% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .75%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .25%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 0.5% to about 0.9%, from about 0.5% to about 0.8%, from about 0.5% to about 0.7%, or from about 0.5% to about 0.6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0083] In some preferred embodiments, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s), if present, is not less than exactly 0.20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some further embodiments, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) is not greater than exactly 1.99%, such as not greater than exactly 1.950%, or not greater than exactly 1.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In further embodiments, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) is not greater than exactly 0.99%, such as not greater than exactly 0.95%, or not greater than exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) is not less than exactly 0.20%, and not greater than exactly 1.99%, such as not greater than exactly 1.950%, or not greater than exactly 1.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some further embodiments, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) is not less than exactly 0.20%, and not greater than exactly 0.99%, such as not greater than exactly 0.95%, or not greater than exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. For example, in various embodiments, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) ranges from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.99%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.950%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 1.90%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1 .75%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1 .5%, from exactly 0.20% to about 1%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.9%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.8%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.7%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.6%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.5%, from exactly 0.20% to about 0.4%, or from exactly 0.20% to about 0.3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In other embodiments, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) ranges from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.99%, from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.950%, or from exactly 0.20% to exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In still further embodiments, the total amount of the third bonding agent(s) ranges from about 0.2% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.99%, from about 1 % to exactly 1.99%, from about 0.2% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.950%, from about 1 % to exactly 1.950%, from about 0.2% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.25% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.3% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.35% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.4% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.45% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.5% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.6% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.7% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.8% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.9% to exactly 1.99%, from about 1% to exactly 1.90%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.9% to exactly 0.99%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.9% to exactly 0.950%, from about 0.2% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.25% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.3% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.35% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.4% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.45% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.5% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.6% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.7% to exactly 0.90%, from about 0.8% to exactly 0.90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0084] If at least one third bonding agent(s) is present, it may be particularly preferred to include total amounts of second bonding agent(s) and third bonding agent(s) such that the weight ratio of the second bonding agent(s) to the third bonding agent(s) allows the combination thereof to increase the synergistic optimal fiber integrity benefit of the compositions. For example, the weight ratio of the second bonding agent(s) to the third bonding agent(s) (e.g. glycine:taurine) may range from about 1 :3 to about 3:1 , such as from about 1 :2.5 to about 2.5:1 , from about 1 :2 to about 2:1 , from about 1 :1 .5 to about 1 .5:1 , from about 1 :1 .4 to about 1 .4:1 , from about 1 :1 .3 to about 1 .3:1 , from about 1 :1 .2 to about 1 .2:1 , from about 1 :1 .1 to about 1 .1 :1 , or may be about 1 :1 . In at least one embodiment, the base composition comprises glycine and taurine, where the weight ratio of glycine to taurine is about 1 :1 .

[0085] If at least one third bonding agent is present in various examples of this embodiment, it may be particularly preferred to include total amounts of first bonding agent(s), second bonding agent(s), and third bonding agent(s) such that the weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the combined second and third bonding agents allows the combination thereof to provide synergistic optimal fiber integrity benefit. In various embodiments of the disclosure, the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) is typically less than or equal to the total combined amount of the second and third bonding agents, e.g. in a weight ratio of 1 :1 or less, such as ranging from about 1 :1 to about 1 :10. For instance, in certain embodiments, the weight ratio of the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) to the total combined amount of the second and third bonding agents is greater than 1 :10 but less than 1 :1 , including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 1 :1 to about 1 :9, from about 1 :1 to about 1 :8, from about 1 :1 to about 1 :7, from about 1 :1 to about 1 :6, from about 1 :1 to about 1 :5; from about 1 :1 to about 1 :4, from about 1 :1 to about 1 :3, from about 1 :1 to about 1 :2, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :10, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :9, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :8, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :7, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :6, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :5; from about 1 :2 to about 1 :4, from about 1 :2 to about 1 :3, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :10, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :9, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :8, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :7, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :6, from about 1 :3 to about 1 :5; from about 1 :3 to about 1 :4, from about 1 :4 to about 1 :10, from about 1 :4 to about 1 :9, from about 1 :4 to about 1 :8, from about 1 :4 to about 1 :7, from about 1 :4 to about 1 :6, or from about 1 :4 to about 1 :5. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the second bonding agent(s) is about 1 :3, about 1 :3.5, about 1 :4, about 1 :4.5, about 1 :5, about 1 .5.5, about 1 :6, about 1 :6.5, or about 1 :7. In a preferred example of this embodiment, the base composition comprises citric acid, glycine, and taurine, where the weight ratio of citric acid to glycine+taurine (citric acid:[glycine+taurine]) is about 1 :5.

(B) Second Preferred Exemplary Bonding Systems

[0086] A second preferred bonding system comprises a combination of (i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from citric acid and/or salts thereof, and (ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from amino acids, amino sulfonic acids, salts thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0087] Preferred amino acids include glycine, arginine, salts thereof, and combinations thereof, and preferred amino sulfonic acids include aminomethane sulfonic acid, 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (taurine), aminopropane sulfonic acid, aminobutane sulfonic acid, aminohexane sulfonic acid, aminoisopropyl sulfonic acid, aminododecyl sulfonic acid, aminobenzene sulfonic acid, aminotoulene sulfonic acid, sulfanilic acid, chlorosulfanilic acid, diamino benzene sulfonic acid, amino phenol sulfonic acid, amino propyl benzene sulfonic acid, amino hexyl benzene sulfonic acid, and salts thereof. In some preferred examples of this embodiment, the base composition comprises at least one second bonding agent chosen from glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. Optionally, the second bonding agent may consist essentially of or consist of glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. In at least one embodiment, the base composition comprises citric acid and a second bonding agent chosen from glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof. In some preferred examples of this embodiment, the base composition comprises citric acid and a second bonding agent chosen from glycine and/or arginine, and in other preferred examples of this embodiment, the base composition comprises citric acid and taurine.

[0088] In preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) in the base compositions may range from about 0.1 % to about 5%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1% to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.75% to about 5%, from about 0.75% to about 4%, from about 0.75% to about 3%, from about 0.75% to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 2%, from about 1 .25% to about 5%, from about 1 .25% to about 4%, from about 1 .25% to about 3%, from about 1 .25% to about 2%, from about 1 .5% to about 5%, from about 1 .5% to about 4%, from about 1 .5% to about 3%, or from about 1 .5% to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In particularly preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of citric acid and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.3% to about 3.5%, such as from about 0.3% to about 3.25%, from about 0.3% to about 3%, from about 0.3% to about 2.75%, from about 0.3% to about 2.5%, from about 0.3% to about 2.25%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 3.25%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2.75%, from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2.25%, from about 0.75% to about 3.5%, from about 0.75% to about 3.25%, from about 0.75% to about 3%, from about 0.75% to about 2.75%, from about 0.75% to about 2.5%, from about 0.75% to about 2.25%, from about 1 % to about 3.5%, from about 1 % to about 3.25%, from about 1% to about 3%, from about 1% to about 2.75%, from about 1 % to about 2.5%, from about 1 % to about 2.25%, or from about 1 .25% to about 2.75% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the total amount of citric acid and/or salts thereof is about 1 %, about 1 .5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, or about 3.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0089] In various other preferred examples of this embodiment, the amount of each individual second bonding agent in the base compositions may range from about 0.1 % to about 7%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1% to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 7%, from about 0.2% to about 6%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 1 .5% to about 4%, from about 1 .5% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the amount of each individual second bonding agent in the base compositions may be about 0.1 %, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 1 .5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, about 3.5%, about 4%, about 4.5%, about 5%, about 5.5%, about 6%, about 6.5%, or about 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0090] In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) in the base compositions may range from about 0.1 % to about 12%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 11 %, from about 0.1 % to about 10%, from about 0.1 % to about 9%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.1% to about 7%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 12%, from about 0.5% to about 1 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 9%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 %, from about 1 % to about 12%, from about 1 % to about 1 1 %, from about 1 % to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 9%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1% to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1% to about 4.5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1% to about 3%, or from about 1 % to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0091 ] In particularly preferred examples of this embodiment, the at least one second bonding agent comprises, consists essentially of, or consist of glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the bonding system comprises (i) from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1% to about 5%, of citric acid and/or salts thereof; (ii) from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of glycine and/or salts thereof, and/or from about 0.5% to about 7%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of arginine and/or salts thereof; and (iii) optionally, from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1% to about 5%, of taurine and/or salts thereof; wherein all amounts are by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In further examples of this embodiment, the bonding system comprises (i) from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1% to about 5%, of citric acid and/or salts thereof; (ii) from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of taurine and/or salts thereof; and (iii) optionally, from about 0.5% to about 5%, such as from about 1% to about 5%, of glycine and/or salts thereof, and/or from about 0.5% to about 7%, such as from about 1 % to about 5%, of arginine and/or salts thereof; wherein all amounts are by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0092] In even more preferred examples of this embodiment, the bonding system comprises from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, such as from about 1 % to about 2% of citric acid and/or salts thereof, and from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, such as from about 1 % to about 2% of glycine and/or salts thereof. In other embodiments, the bonding system comprises from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, such as from about 1 % to about 2% of citric acid and/or salts thereof, and from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, such as from about 1 % to about 2% of arginine and/or salts thereof. In still further embodiments, the bonding system comprises from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, such as from about 1% to about 2% of citric acid and/or salts thereof, and from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, such as from about 1 % to about 2% of taurine and/or salts thereof.

[0093] In particularly preferred examples of this embodiment, the amounts of the first bonding agent(s) and the second bonding agent(s) may be chosen such that the weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the second bonding agent(s) allows the combination thereof to provide synergistic optimal fiber integrity benefit. In preferred embodiments, the weight ratio of the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) to the amount of the second bonding agent(s) ranges from about 1 :1 to about 2:1 , for example is about 1 :1 , is about 1.1 :1 , is about 1 .2:1 , is about 1 .3:1 , is about 1 .4:1 , is about 1 .5:1 , is about 1 .6:1 , is about 1 .7:1 , is about 1 .8:1 , is about 1 .9:1 , or is about 2:1 , wherein all said ratios can alternatively define either low or high endpoints of a range of ratios. For example, the base composition may include equal or approximately equal amounts of citric acid and glycine, equal or approximately equal amounts of citric acid and arginine, or equal or approximately equal amounts of citric acid and taurine. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) to the amount of the second bonding agent(s) is about 2:1 .

(C) Third Preferred Exemplary Bonding Systems

[0094] A third preferred bonding system comprises a combination of (i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from lactic acid and/or salts thereof; and (ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from amino acid and/or salts thereof. In some embodiments, amino acids such as glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or combinations thereof may be chosen. In some embodiments, the second bonding agent preferably comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0095] In preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of first bonding agent(s) in the hair color-altering base compositions may range from about 0.1% to about 5%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1.5%, from about 0.2% to about 1%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 %, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 1.5%, from about 1.5% to about 5%, from about 1 .5% to about 4%, from about 1 .5% to about 3%, or from about 1 .5% to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the total amount of lactic acid and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight, for example from about 0.75% to about 1 .5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the total amount of lactic acid and/or salts thereof is about 1 %, about 1 .5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, or about 3.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0096] In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the amount of an individual second bonding agent in the base compositions may range from about 0.1 % to about 10%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 9%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.1 % to about 7%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1% to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1% to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 9%, from about 0.2% to about 8%, from about 0.2% to about 7%, from about 0.2% to about 6%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 9%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 9%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1% to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1% to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, the amount of an individual second bonding agent in the base compositions may be about 0.5%, about 1 %, about 1.5%, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 3%, about 3.5%, about 4%, about 4.5%, about 5%, about 5.5%, about 6%, about 6.5%, about 7%, about 7.5%, about 8%, about 8.5%, about 9%, about 9.5%, or about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0097] In still further preferred examples of this embodiment, the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) in the base compositions, such as arginine and/or glycine, ranges from about 0.1 % to about 12%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 11 %, from about 0.1 % to about 10%, from about 0.1% to about 9%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.1% to about 7%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 12%, from about 0.5% to about 1 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 9%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 1 % to about 12%, from about 1 % to about 11 %, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 9%, from about 1% to about 8%, from about 1% to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4.5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair color-altering base composition.

[0098] In some preferred examples of this embodiment, the hair color-altering base composition comprises glycine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 5%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 4.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1% to about 2.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 .5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4.5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3.5%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2.5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4.5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 0.75% to about 5%, from about 0.75% to about 4.5%, from about 0.75% to about 4%, from about 0.75% to about 3.5%, from about 0.75% to about 3%, from about 0.75% to about 2.5%, from about 0.75% to about 2%, from about 0.75% to about 1.5%, from about 0.75% to about 1%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4.5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3.5%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1% to about 2.5%, from about 1 % to about 2%, or from about 1 % to about 1 .5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In certain preferred embodiments, glycine is included in the base composition in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, for example from about 0.75% to about 3.25%, such as from about 1 % to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0099] In other preferred examples of this embodiment, the hair color-altering base composition comprises arginine and/or salts thereof in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 7%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1% to about 6.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 4.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 .5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 7%, from about 0.2% to about 6.5%, from about 0.2% to about 6%, from about 0.2% to about 5.5%, from about 0.2% to about 5%, from about 0.2% to about 4.5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3.5%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2.5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6.5%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5.5%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4.5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 %, from about 0.75% to about 7%, from about 0.75% to about 6.5%, from about 0.75% to about 6%, from about 0.75% to about 5.5%, from about 0.75% to about 5%, from about 0.75% to about 4.5%, from about 0.75% to about 4%, from about 0.75% to about 3.5%, from about 0.75% to about 3%, from about 0.75% to about 2.5%, from about 0.75% to about 2%, from about 0.75% to about 1.5%, from about 0.75% to about 1%, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6.5%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5.5%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1% to about 4.5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3.5%, from about 1% to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 2.5%, from about 1 % to about 2%, or from about 1 % to about 1 .5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In certain preferred embodiments, arginine is included in the base composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5.5%, for example from about 0.25% to about 5.25% by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. [0100] In one particularly preferred example of this embodiment, the base composition comprises (a)(i) lactic acid and/or salts thereof in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, and (a)(ii) arginine and/or salts thereof in an amount ranging from about 1 % to about 7% by weight, and/or glycine and/or salts thereof from about 1 % to about 5% by weight, where all amounts are by weight, based on the total weight of the base composition.

[0101] In particularly preferred examples of this embodiment, the amounts of the first bonding agent(s) and the second bonding agent(s) may be chosen such that the weight ratio of the first bonding agent(s) to the second bonding agent(s) allows the combination thereof to provide synergistic optimal fiber integrity benefit. Thus, in preferred examples of this embodiment, the base composition comprises lactic acid and/or a salt thereof, and one or more amino acids and/or a salt thereof, where the amounts of lactic acid/salts and the amino acid(s)/salts are chosen such that the amount of lactic acid/salts is less than or equal to the total amount of amino acids/salts. In further preferred examples of this embodiment, the base composition comprises lactic acid and/or a salt thereof, and one or more amino acids and/or a salt thereof, where the amounts of lactic acid/salts and the amino acid(s)/salts are chosen such that the amount of lactic acid/salts is greater than or equal to the amount of an individual amino acid/salt. In other preferred examples of this embodiment, the base composition comprises lactic acid and/or a salt thereof, and one or more amino acids and/or a salt thereof, where the amounts of lactic acid/salts and the amino acid(s)/salts are chosen such that the amount of lactic acid/salts is greater than or equal to the total amount of amino acids/salts. For example, the weight ratio of lactic acid:amino acid(s) (either individual or total) may range from about 1 :5 to 5:1 , for example from about 1 :4 to 4:1 , from about 1 :3 to 3:1 , from about 1 :2 to 2:1 , or from about 1 :1 .5 to 1 .5:1 , or may be about 1 :1. In one preferred example of this embodiment, the base composition comprises lactic acid, arginine, and glycine in a weight ratio of about 1 :3:1 .5 (lactic acid:arginine:glycine).

Fatty Alcohols

[0102] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure comprise at least one fatty alcohol. Suitable fatty alcohols include those having a fatty group with a carbon chain of 05 or greater, such as, for example, from 8 to 50 carbon atoms, 8 to 40 carbon atoms, 8 to 30 carbon atoms, 8 to 22 carbon atoms, 12 to 22 carbon atoms, or 12 to 18 carbon atoms, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some instances, the fatty group of the fatty alcohols has a carbon chain of 10 to 20 carbon atoms or 10 to 18 carbon atoms. The fatty alcohols may be chosen from polyethylene glycol ethers, such as those having a fatty alcohol group with a carbon chain of 12 to 16 or 12 to 14 carbon atoms.

[0103] In some embodiments, the fatty alcohol portion is optionally hydrogenated (for example, stearyl, lauryl, cetyl, or cetearyl alcohol); however, the fatty alcohol may contain one or more double bonds (for example, oleyl alcohol). Non-limiting examples of fatty alcohols include decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol (cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol), isostearyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, linalool, oleyl alcohol, cis-4-t-butylcyclohexanol, isotridecyl alcohol, myricyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the fatty alcohols may be chosen from myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof.

[0104] The fatty alcohol may be saturated or unsaturated. Exemplary saturated liquid fatty alcohols may be branched and optionally contain in their structure at least one aromatic or non-aromatic ring. In some instances, however, the fatty alcohols are acyclic. Non-limiting examples of liquid saturated fatty alcohols include octyldodecanol, isostearyl alcohol, and 2-hexyldecanol.

[0105] Exemplary unsaturated liquid fatty alcohol may include in their structure at least one double or triple bond. For example, the fatty alcohols may include several double bonds (such as 2 or 3 double bonds), which may be conjugated or nonconjugated. The unsaturated fatty alcohols can be linear or branched and may be acyclic or include in their structure at least one aromatic or non-aromatic ring. Liquid unsaturated fatty alcohols may include or be chosen from oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol and undecylenyl alcohol.

[0106] The fatty alcohols may be alkoxylated fatty alcohols. As used herein, “alkoxylated fatty alcohol” refers to any fatty alcohol with a carbon chain of C5 or greater, as defined above, further comprising at least one alkoxy group. For example, the at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol may have a carbon chain of C8 or greater, C10 or greater, and C12 or greater. Further, for example, the at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol may be chosen from alkoxylated polymers (including co-, ter- and homopolymers) derived from alcohols such as glycerol (e.g. polyglyceryl derived from four glycerol molecules). The at least one alkoxy group of the at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol may, for example, be derived from an alkoxylation reaction carried out with alkylene oxide. Non-limiting examples of at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol include any fatty alcohol comprising at least one polyethylene glycol ether and any fatty alcohol comprising at least one polypropylene glycol ether.

[0107] Non-limiting examples of the at least one alkoxylated fatty alcohol include ceteareth-2, ceteareth-3, ceteareth-4, ceteareth-5, ceteareth-6, ceteareth-7, ceteareth-8, ceteareth-9, ceteareth-10, ceteareth-1 1 , ceteareth-12, ceteareth-13, ceteareth-14, ceteareth-15, ceteareth-16, ceteareth-17, ceteareth-18, ceteareth-20, ceteareth-22, ceteareth-23, ceteareth-24, ceteareth-25, ceteareth-27, ceteareth-28, ceteareth-29, ceteareth-30, cetearel:h-33, ceteareth-34, ceteareth-40, ceteareth-50, ceteareth-55, ceteareth-60, ceteareth-80, ceteareth-100, laureth-1 , laureth-2, laureth- 3, laureth-4, laureth-5, laureth-6, laureth- 7, laureth-8, laureth-9, laureth-10, laureth- 11 , laureth-12, laureth-13, laureth-14, laureth-15, lauretih-16, laureth-20, laureth-23, laureth-25, laureth-30, laureth-40, deceth-3, deceth-5, oleth-5, oleth-30, steareth-2, steareth-10, steareth-20, steareth-100, cetylsteareth-12, ceteareth-5, ceteareth-5, polyglyceryl 4-lauryl ether, polyglyceryl 4-oleyl ether, polyglyceryl 2-oleyl ether, polyglyceryl 2-cetyl ether, polyglyceryl 6- cetyl ether, polyglyceryl 6-oleylcetyl ether, polyglyceryl 6-octadecyl ether, C9-C1 1 pareth-3, C9-C1 1 pareth-6, C1 1 -C15 pareth- 3, C1 1 -C15 pareth-5, C1 1 -C15 pareth-12, C11 -C15 pareth-20, C12-C15 pareth-9, C12-C15 pareth-12, and C22-C24 pareth-33.

[0108] The total amount of fatty alcohol(s) can vary, but typically ranges from about 0.5% to about 25%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.5% to about 22%, from about 0.5% to about 20%, from about 0.5% to about 18%, from about 0.5% to about 15%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 25%, from about 1 % to about 22%, from about 1 % to about 20%, from about 1 % to about 18%, from about 1 % to about 15%, from about 1 % to about 10%, from about 2% to about 25%, from about 2% to about 22%, from about 2% to about 20%, from about 2% to about 18%, from about 2% to about 15%, from about 2% to about 10%, from about 3% to about 25%, from about 3% to about 22%, from about 3% to about 20%, from about 3% to about 18%, from about 3% to about 15%, from about 3% to about 10%, from about 5% to about 25%, from about 5% to about 22%, from about 5% to about 20%, from about 5% to about 18%, from about 5% to about 15%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10% to about 22%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 18%, from about 10% to about 15%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 15% to about 22%, from about 15% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0109] In some embodiments, a hair color-altering base composition according to the disclosure comprises at least two fatty alcohols, such as cetearyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, wherein the total amount of the at least two fatty alcohols is as described above, e.g. ranges from about 1 % to about 25%, such as from about 10% to about 25% or from about 15% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

Fatty Acids

[0110] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure comprise at least one fatty acid. Suitable fatty acids that can be included in the base compositions may have about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, or from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. These fatty acids can be straight or branched chain acids and can be saturated or unsaturated. Also included are diacids, triacids, and other multiple acids which meet the carbon number requirement herein. Further included herein are salts of these fatty acids. Preferred examples of fatty acids include myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, arichidonic acid, oleic acid, isostearic acid, sebacic acid, or mixtures of two or more thereof. In more preferred embodiments, the fatty acids may comprise myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, or mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0111] The total amount of fatty acid(s) typically ranges from about 0.5% to about 15%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.5% to about 12%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 15%, from about 1 % to about 12%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1% to about 4%, from about 2% to about 15%, from about 2% to about 12%, from about 2% to about 10%, from about 2% to about 8%, from about 2% to about 6%, from about 2% to about 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair color-altering base composition.

[0112] In some embodiments, a hair color-altering base composition according to the present disclosure comprises oleic acid present in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

Alkyl Polyglucosides

[0113] The hair color-altering base compositions according to the present disclosure comprise at least one alkyl polyglucoside. Preferred alkyl polyglucosides that may be chosen include alkyl polyglucosides having the following formula (I):

Rl-O-(R₂O)n-Z(x) (I) wherein:

Ri is an alkyl group having 8-18 carbon atoms;

R₂ is an ethylene or propylene group;

Z is a saccharide group with 5-6 carbon atoms; n is an integer ranging from 0 to 10; and x is an integer ranging from 1 to 5. [0114] Preferred examples of alkyl polyglucosides include arachidyl glucoside, C12-20 alkyl glucoside, caprylyl/capryl glucoside, cetearyl glucoside, coco-glucoside, lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside, and sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate. In some particularly preferred embodiments, the alkyl polyglucoside compound is selected from the group consisting of cetearyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, and mixtures of two or more thereof. In a most preferred embodiment, the glucoside comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of cetearyl glucoside.

[0115] In various embodiments, the total amount of alkyl polyglucoside(s) in the hair color-altering base composition ranges from about 0.01 % to about 5%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1% to about 2.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1%, from about 0.2% to about 4.5%, from about 0.2% to about 4%, from about 0.2% to about 3.5%, from about 0.2% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2.5%, from about 0.2% to about 2%, from about 0.2% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.2% to about 1 %, from about 0.2% to about 0.8%, from about 0.5% to about 4.5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3.5%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1 % by weight, based on the total weight of the hair base composition. In certain embodiments, the total amount of alkyl polyglucoside(s) is about 0.1 %, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, or about 1 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In at least one embodiment, the compositions comprise from about 0.01 % to about 3%, such as from about 0.1% to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, or about 0.5% of cetearyl glucoside.

Alkalizing Agents

[0116] The hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure typically comprise at least one alkalizing agent. The alkalizing agents may be chosen from organic alkalizing agents and/or mineral alkalizing agents.

[0117] As preferred examples, organic alkalizing agents may be chosen from alkanolamines. In various embodiment, suitable alkanolamines may be chosen from mono-, di- or trialkylamines, comprising one to three identical or different C1 -C4 hydroxyalkyl radicals, ethylamines, ethyleneamines, quinoline, aniline and cyclic amines, such as pyrroline, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, imidazole, imidazolidine, imidazolidinine, morpholine, pyridine, piperidine, pyrimidine, piperazine, triazine and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, alkanolamine type that may be mentioned include but not limited to: monoethanolamine (also known as ethanolamine or MEA), diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, N- dimethylamino-ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1 -propanol, triisopropanolamine, 2- amino-2-methyl-1 ,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1 ,2-propanediol, 3-dimethylamino-1 ,2- propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1 -propanol, and tris(hydroxymethylamino)methane. In preferred embodiments, the alkalizing agent is chosen from alkanolamines, such as monoethanolamine. Optionally, the organic alkalizing agent may consist essentially of or consist of alkanolamines, or may consist essentially of or consist of monoethanolamine.

[0118] As preferred examples, mineral alkalizing agents may be chosen from ammonia, ammonium carbonates, sodium carbonates, potassium carbonates, ammonium bicarbonates, sodium bicarbonates, potassium bicarbonates, ammonium hydroxides, sodium hydroxides, potassium hydroxides, salts thereof, hydrates thereof, or mixtures thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions comprise ammonia and/or ammonium hydroxide. Optionally, the mineral alkalizing agent may consist essentially of or consist of ammonia and/or ammonium hydroxide.

[0119] In some preferred embodiments, a hair color-altering base composition disclosed herein comprises at least one organic alkalizing agent and at least one mineral alkalizing agent. In some embodiments, the at least one alkalizing agent comprises, consists essentially of or consists of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, alkanolamines, salts thereof, hydrates thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof. In at least one particularly preferred embodiment, a hair color-altering base composition disclosed herein comprises both monoethanolamine and ammonium hydroxide.

[0120] In some embodiments, alkalizing agents present in a hair color-altering base compositions may be only chosen from organic alkalizing agents, and the hair color- altering base composition is free or substantially free of mineral alkalizing agents, such as ammonia and/or ammonium hydroxide. Thus, in some embodiments, the base composition may comprise less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.4%, less than about 0.3%, less than about 0.2%, less than about 0.1 %, or less than about 0.05% of mineral alkalizing agents. In certain embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more organic alkalizing agents and are free or substantially free of ammonia and/or ammonium-based compounds.

[0121] In various embodiments, the total amount of organic alkalizing agents may range from about 0.1 % to about 10%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 9%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.1 % to about 7%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 9%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the hair color-altering base composition.

[0122] As further examples, in some embodiments, the alkalizing agents may comprise at least one organic alkalizing agent and at least one mineral alkalizing agent, wherein the at least one organic alkalizing agent is present in an amount of at least 0.1 %, such as from about 0.1 % to about 10%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.3% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair color-altering base composition; and the at least one mineral alkalizing agent is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 15%, such as from about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair color-altering base composition.

[0123] In some non-limiting embodiments where the hair color-altering base composition comprises at least one organic alkalizing agent and at least one mineral alkalizing agent, the hair color-altering base composition comprises monoethanolamine in combination with ammonia and/or ammonium hydroxide.

[0124] When both organic alkalizing agents and mineral alkalizing agents are present, the total amount of the alkalizing agents may range from about 1 % to about 20%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 1.5% to about 18%, from about 2% to about 16%, from about 2.5% to about 15%, or from about 3% to about 14%, or from about 4% to about 13% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, for example from about 1% to about 18%, from about 1% to about 16%, from about 1 % to about 15%, from about 1 % to about 14%, from about 1 % to about 13%, from about 1 % to about 12%, from about 1 .5% to about 20%, from about 1 .5% to about 16%, from about 1 .5% to about 15%, from about 1 .5% to about 14%, from about 1.5% to about 13%, from about 1.5% to about 12%, from about 2% to about 20%, from about 2% to about 18%, from about 2% to about 15%, from about 2% to about 14%, from about 2% to about 13%, from about 2% to about 12%, from about 2.5% to about 20%, from about 2.5% to about 18%, from about 2.5% to about 16%, from about 2.5% to about 14%, from about 2.5% to about 13%, from about 2.5% to about 12%, from about 3% to about 20%, from about 3% to about 18%, from about 3% to about 16%, from about 3% to about 15%, from about 3% to about 13%, from about 3% to about 12%, from about 4% to about 20%, from about 4% to about 18%, from about 4% to about 16%, from about 4% to about 15%, from about 4% to about 14%, or from about 4% to about 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

Solvents

[0125] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure comprise one or more cosmetically acceptable solvents. The solvent may comprise water, nonaqueous solvents, or mixtures thereof.

[0126] In some embodiments, the solvent comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of water. The total amount of water in the compositions may vary depending on the type of composition and the desired consistency, viscosity, etc.

[0127] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises one or more nonaqueous solvents, other than or in addition to water. For example, C1 -C4 alcohols, organic solvents, fatty alcohols, fatty ethers, fatty esters, polyols other than those described above, glycols, vegetable oils, mineral oils, liposomes, laminar lipid materials, or any a mixture thereof. Non-limiting examples of solvents which may be used include alkane polyols such as 1 ,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-butene-1 ,4-diol, 2- ethyl-1 ,3-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, caprylyl glycol, 1 ,2-hexanediol, 1 ,2- pentanediol, and 4-methyl-1 ,2-pentanediol; alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, propanol, and isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol); glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-t- butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 1 -methyl-1 -methoxybutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, and dipropylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether; 2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1 ,3-dimethyl-2- imidazolidinone, formamide, acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbitol, sorbitan, acetine, diacetine, triacetine, sulfolane, or mixtures thereof. At least in some embodiments, the compositions contain water and at least one, for example two or more, additional solvents chosen from caprylyl glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, or mixtures thereof.

[0128] The solvent may be present in the base composition in an amount ranging from about 20% to about 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair base composition, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. For example, in some embodiments, the total amount of solvent may be about 20% to about 85%, about 25% to about 85%, about 30% to about 85%, about 40% to about 85%, about 45% to 85%, or about 50% to 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0129] In certain embodiments, the solvent is primarily comprised of water, such as from about 20% to about 85%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 75%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 40%; from about 25% to about 90%%, about 25% to about 85%, about 25% to about 80%, about 25% to about 75%, about 25% to about 70%, about 25% to about 60%, about 25% to about 50%, about 25% to about 40%; from about 30% to about 90%%, about 30% to about 85%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 75%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 50%; from about 35% to about 90%%, about 35% to about 85%, about 35% to about 80%, about 35% to about 75%, about 35% to about 70%, about 35% to about 60%, about 35% to about 50%; from 40% to about 90%%, about 40% to about 85%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 75%, about 40% to about 70%, or about 40% to about 60% by weight of water, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

Vegetable Oils

[0130] In various embodiments, hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure optionally further comprise one or more vegetable oils. As used herein, the term “vegetable oils” refers to oils derived from a plant, for example, oils from seeds or fruits.

[0131] In some embodiments, suitable vegetable oils are chosen from hydrocarbonbased oils of plant origin and/or vegetable origin. Non-limiting examples of plant based or vegetable based oils include acai oil, almond oil, aloe vera oil, andiroba oil, annatto oil, avocado oil, babassu oil, borage oil, brazil nut oil, buriti oil, camelina oil, coffee oil, copaiba oil, emu oil, passion fruit oil, almond oil, castor oil, coconut oil, grapeseed oil, jojoba oil, macadamia nut oil, rose hip oil, ajwain oil, angelic root oil, anise oil, aragan oil, asafetida, balsam oil, basil oil, bay oil, bergamot oil, black pepper essential oil, buchu oil, birch oil, camphor, cannabis oil, caraway oil, cardamom seed oil, carrot seed oil, chamomile oil, calamus root oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, clary sage, clove leaf oil, coffee, coriander, costmary oil, cranberry seed oil, cubeb, cumin oil, cypress, cypriol, curry leaf, davana oil, dill oil, elecampane, eucalyptus oil, fennel seed oil, fenugreek oil, fir, frankincense oil, galangal, geranium oil, ginger oil, goldenrod, grapefruit oil, grapeseed oil, henna oil, helichrysum, horseradish oil, hyssop, Idaho tansy, jasmine oil, juniper berry oil, lavender oil, lemon oil, lemongrass, marjoram, melaleuca, lemon balm oil, mountain savory, mugwort oil, mustard oil, myrrh oil, myrtle, neem tree oil, neroli, nutmeg, orange oil, oregano oil, orris oil, palo santo, parsley oil, patchouli oil, perilla oil, pennyroyal oil, peppermint oil, petitgrain, pine oil, plum oil, ravensara, red cedar, roman chamomile, rose oil, rosehip oil, rosemary oil, rosewood oil, sandalwood oil, sassafras oil, savory oil, schisandra oil, spikenard, spruce, star anise oil, tangerine, tarragon oil, tea tree oil, thyme oil, tsuga oil, turmeric, valerian, vetiver oil, western red cedar, Wintergreen, yarrow oil, ylang-ylang, and zedoary oil. [0132] In some cases, the vegetable oils may be glyceride triesters, which are generally triesters of fatty acids and of glycerol, the fatty acids of which can have varied chain lengths from C4 to C24, it being possible for these chains to be saturated or unsaturated and linear or branched; these oils are in particular wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, grape seed oil, sesame oil, corn oil, apricot oil, castor oil, shea oil, avocado oil, olive oil, soybean oil, sweet almond oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, jojoba oil, alfalfa oil, poppy oil, pumpkin seed oil, marrow oil, blackcurrant oil, evening primrose oil, millet oil, barley oil, quinoa oil, rye oil, safflower oil, candlenut oil, passionflower oil, and musk rose oil.

[0133] In some instances, the vegetable oils may be essential oils. For example, the vegetable oil comprises may be chosen from sunflower oil, sesame oil, peppermint oil, macadamia nut oil, tea tree oil, evening primrose oil, sage oil, rosemary oil, coriander oil, thyme oil, pimento berries oil, rose oil, anise oil, balsam oil, bergamot oil, rosewood oil, cedar oil, chamomile oil, sage oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, cypress oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, sea fennel oil, frankincense oil, geranium oil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil, jasmine oil, juniper oil, lavender oil, lemon oil, lemongrass oil, lime oil, mandarin oil, marjoram oil, myrrh oil, neroli oil, orange oil, patchouli oil, pepper oil, black pepper oil, petitgrain oil, pine oil, rose otto oil, rosemary oil, sandalwood oil, spearmint oil, spikenard oil, vetiver oil, Wintergreen oil, ylang, or a mixture thereof.

[0134] In some embodiments, a hair color-altering base composition according to the present disclosure includes at least one oil chosen from saturated or unsaturated plant oils having less than 16 carbon atoms, for example, coconut oil, ricinus communis (castor) seed oil, butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter, palmitic acid, jojoba oil, or a mixture thereof.

[0135] The total amount of vegetable oils, if they are present, typically ranges from about 0.5% to about 10%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.5% to about 9%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 7%, from about 0.5% to about 6%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 9%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the base composition. In certain embodiments, the total amount of vegetable oil(s) is about 3%, about 4%, about 4.5%, about 5%, about 5.5%, about 6%, or about 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition. In an embodiment, a hair color-altering base composition disclosed herein comprises butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 10%, for example about 2% to about 8%, about 2% to about 6%, about 3% to about 5%, or about 4% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

[0136] In some embodiments, hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure may include synthetic oils and/or oils other than vegetable oils described above. When present, the total amount of synthetic oils and/or oils other than vegetable oils, may be about 5% or less, about 4% or less, about 3% or less, about 2% or less, about 1 % or less, or about 0.5% or less by weight, based on the total weight of the base composition. In some embodiments, a hair color-altering base composition according to the present disclosure is free of or essentially free of synthetic oils and/or oils other than vegetable oils. In some embodiments, hair coloraltering base compositions do not include oils other than vegetable oils.

Hair Coloring Agents

[0137] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the present disclosure may optionally comprise one or more hair coloring agents (hair colorants). The one or more hair coloring agents are generally chosen from oxidation dyes, i.e . , oxidation bases or oxidative dye precursors, optionally combined with one or more couplers.

[0138] In various embodiments, suitable oxidation dyes bases may be chosen from para-phenylenediamines, bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, para-aminophenols, ortho- aminophenols and heterocyclic bases, the addition salts thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0139] Among the para-phenylenediamines that may be mentioned, for example, are para-phenylenediamine, para-toluenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3- dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl- para-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-para- phenylenediamine, N,N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dipropyl-para- phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N,N-diethyl-3-methylaniline, N,N-bis(P-hydroxyethyl)- para-phenylenediamine, 4-N,N-bis(P-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline, 4-N,N- bis(P-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline, 2-p-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-methoxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine, 2- isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, N-(P-hydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2- hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para- phenylenediamine, N-ethyl-N-(P-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(P,y- dihydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(4'-aminophenyl)-para- phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-p-hydroxyethyloxy-para- phenylenediamine, 2-p-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, N-(P- methoxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 4-aminophenylpyrrolidine, 2-thienyl-para- phenylenediamine, 2-p-hydroxyethylamino-5-aminotoluene and 3-hydroxy-1 -(4'- aminophenyl)pyrrolidine, and the addition salts thereof with an acid.

[0140] Among the para-phenylenediamines mentioned above, paraphenylenediamine, para-toluenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-p- hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-p-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3- dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-bis(P-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine and 2-p-acetylaminoethyloxy-para- phenylenediamine, and the addition salts thereof with an acid, are particularly useful. [0141] Among the bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines that may be mentioned, for example, are N,N'-bis(P-hydroxyethyl)-N,N'-bis(4'-aminophenyl)-1 ,3-diaminopropanol, N,N'- bis(P-hydroxyethyl)-N,N'-bis(4'-aminophenyl)ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(4- aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(P-hydroxyethyl)-N,N'-bis(4- aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(4- methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(ethyl)-N,N'-bis(4'-amino-3'- methylphenyl)ethylenediamine and 1 ,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane, and the addition salts thereof.

[0142] Among the para-aminophenols that may be mentioned, for example, are paraaminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-3-fluorophenol, 4-amino-3- chlorophenol, 4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2- hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2- aminomethylphenol, 4-amino-2-(P-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenol and 4-amino-2- fluorophenol, and the addition salts thereof with an acid. [0143] Among the ortho-aminophenols that may be mentioned, for example, are 2- aminophenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol, 2-amino-6-methylphenol and 5-acetamido-2- aminophenol, and the addition salts thereof. Among the meta-aminophenols, 3- aminophenol and salts thereof, may be mentioned.

[0144] Among the heterocyclic bases that may be mentioned, for example, are pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives and pyrazole derivatives.

[0145] Among the pyridine derivatives that may be mentioned are the compounds described, for example, in patents GB 1 026 978 and GB 1 153 196, for instance 2,5- diaminopyridine, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine and 3,4- diaminopyridine, and the addition salts thereof.

[0146] Other pyridine oxidation bases can include the 3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5- a]pyridine oxidation bases or the addition salts thereof described, for example, in patent application FR 2 801 308. Examples that may be mentioned include pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, 2-acetylaminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, 2- morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, 3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridine-2- carboxylic acid, 2-methoxypyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, (3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5- a]pyrid-7-yl)methanol, 2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-5-yl)ethanol, 2-(3- aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-7-yl)ethanol, (3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-2-yl)methanol, 3,6-diaminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridine, 3,4-diaminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridine, pyrazolo[1 ,5- a]pyridine-3,7-diamine, 7-morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, pyrazolo[1 ,5- a]pyridine-3,5-diamine, 5-morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, 2-[(3- aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-5-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol, 2-[(3- aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid-7-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol, 3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5- a]pyridi n-5-ol , 3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-4-ol, 3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]py ridin-6-ol , 3-aminopyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrid in-7-ol , 2-n-hydroxyethoxy-3-amino-pyrazolo[1 ,5- a]pyridine; 2-(4-dimethylpyperazinium-1 -yl)-3-amino-pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridine; and the addition salts thereof.

[0147] In certain embodiments, oxidation bases can be selected from 3- aminopyrazolo-[1 ,5-a]-pyridines, optionally substituted on carbon atom 2 by:

(a) one (di)(Ci-C6)(alkyl)amino group wherein said alkyl group can be substituted by at least one hydroxy, amino, imidazolium group; (b) one heterocycloalkyl group containing from 5 to 7 members chain, and from 1 to 3 heteroatomes, potentially cationic, potentially substituted by one or more (C1 -C6)alky I , such as di(C 1 -C4)alkylpiperazinium; or

(c) one (C1 -Cs)alkoxy potentially substituted by one or more hydroxy groups such as a-hydroxyalkoxy, and the addition salts thereof.

[0148] Among the pyrimidine derivatives that may be mentioned are the compounds described, for example, in the patents DE 2359399; JP 88-169571 ; JP 05-63124; EP 0770375, or patent application WO 96/15765, such as 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2,4- dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine and their addition salts and their tautomeric forms, when a tautomeric equilibrium exists.

[0149] Among the pyrazole derivatives that may be mentioned are the compounds described in the patents DE 3843892, DE 4133957 and patent applications WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970, FR-A-2 733 749 and DE 195 43 988, such as 4,5-diamino- 1 -methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1 -(p-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole, 3,4-diaminopyrazole, 4,5- diamino-1 -(4'-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1 ,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino- 3-methyl-1 -phenylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1 -methyl-3-phenylpyrazole, 4-amino-1 ,3- dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole, 1 -benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino- 3- ferf-buty I- 1 -methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1 -tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino- 1 -([3-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1 -ethyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5- diamino-1 -ethyl-3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1 -ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl- pyrazole, 4, 5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1 -methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3- hydroxymethyl-1 -isopropylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1 -isopropylpyrazole, 4- amino-5-(2'-aminoethyl)amino-1 ,3-dimethylpyrazole, 3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 1 - methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 3,5-diamino-1 -methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole, 3,5- diamino-4-(|3-hydroxyethyl)amino-1 -methylpyrazole, and the addition salts thereof. 4,5-Diamino-1 -(P-methoxyethyl)pyrazole may also be used. A 4,5-diaminopyrazole may be used, for example 4,5-diamino-1 -(P-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole and/or a salt thereof.

[0150] Pyrazole derivatives that may also be mentioned include diamino-N,N- dihydropyrazolopyrazolones and especially those described in patent application FR- A-2 886 136, such as the following compounds and the addition salts thereof: 2,3- diamino-6,7-dihydro-1 H,5H-pyrazolo[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one, 2-amino-3-ethylamino-6,7- dihydro-1 H,5H-pyrazolo[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one, 2-amino-3-isopropylamino-6,7-dihydro- 1 H,5H-pyrazolo[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one, 2-amino-3-(pyrrolidin-1 -yl)-6 ,7-dihydro- 1 H,5H- pyrazolo[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one, 4,5-diamino-1 ,2-dimethyl-1 ,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one, 4,5-diamino-1 ,2-d iethyl-1 ,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one, 4,5-diamino-1 ,2-di-(2- hydroxyethyl)-1 ,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one, 2-amino-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-6,7- dihydro-1 H,5H-pyrazolo[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one, 2-amino-3-dimethylamino-6,7-dihydro- 1 H,5H-pyrazolo[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one, 2,3-diamino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1 H,6H- pyridazino[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one, 4-amino-1 ,2-d iethy l-5-(pyrrolidin- 1 -yl)-1 ,2- dihydropyrazol-3-one, 4-amino-5-(3-dimethylaminopyrrolidin-1 -yl)-1 ,2-diethy I- 1 ,2- dihydropyrazol-3-one, 2,3-diamino-6-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-1 H,5H-pyrazolo[1 ,2- a]pyrazol-1 -one.

[0151] 2,3-Diamino-6,7-dihydro-1 H,5H-pyrazolo[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one and/or a salt thereof can be chosen.

[0152] 4,5-Diamino-1 -(P-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole and/or 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydro- 1 H,5H-pyrazolo[1 ,2-a]pyrazol-1 -one and/or a salt thereof can be used as heterocyclic bases.

[0153] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure may optionally comprise one or more couplers advantageously chosen from those conventionally used in dyeing or coloring of keratinous substrates. Among these couplers, mention may be made especially of meta-phenylenediamines, metaaminophenols, meta-diphenols, naphthalene-based couplers and heterocyclic couplers, and also the addition salts thereof.

[0154] Mention may be made, for example, of 2-methyl-5-aminophenol, 5-N-(B- hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylphenol, 3-aminophenol, 5-amino-6-chloro-o-cresol (3- amino-2-chloro-6-methylphenol), 1 ,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1 ,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl- benzene, 4-chloro-1 ,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2,4-diamino-1 -(B-hydroxyethyloxy)- benzene, 2-amino-4-(B-hydroxyethylamino)-1 -methoxybenzene, 1 ,3-diamino- benzene, 1 ,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, 3-ureidoaniline, 3-ureido-1 -dimethylaminobenzene, sesamol, 1 -B-hydroxyethylamino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, a- naphthol, 2-methyl-1 -naphthol, 6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy-N- methylindole, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 6-hydroxybenzomorpholine, 3,5-diamino- 2,6-dimethoxypyridi ne, 1 -N-(B-hydroxyethyl)amino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, 2,6- bis(B-hydroxyethylamino)toluene, 6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine, 1 -H-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 1 -phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 2,6-dimethyl- pyrazolo[1 ,5-b]-1 ,2,4-triazole, 2,6-dimethyl[3,2-c]-1 ,2,4-triazole and 6-methyl- pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]benzimidazole, the addition salts thereof with an acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0155] In general, the addition salts of the oxidation bases and couplers that may be used in the context of the invention are especially selected from the addition salts with an acid such as the hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, citrates, succinates, tartrates, lactates, tosylates, benzenesulfonates, phosphates and acetates.

[0156] In some embodiments, the base compositions disclosed herein include at least one oxidation base chosen from toluene-2,5-diamine, acid salts thereof, or solvates thereof. In some embodiments, the base compositions may include at least one coupler chosen 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol, and derivatives thereof, addition salts thereof, solvates thereof, or solvates of salts thereof; meta-aminophenol (1 - hydroxy-3-aminobenzene) and derivatives thereof, addition salts thereof, solvates thereof, or solvates of salts thereof; or mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0157] The oxidation base(s), when present, may individually or collectively be present in an amount ranging from about 0.0001 % to about 10% by weight, including all subranges therebetween, such as such as from about 0.0001 % to about 8%, from about 0.0001 % to about 6%, from about 0.0001 % to about 4%, from about 0.0001 % to about 2%, from about 0.001 % to about 10%, from about 0.001% to about 8%, from about 0.001% to about 6%, from about 0.001 % to about 4%, from about 0.001 % to about 2% by weight, from about 0.003% to about 10%, from about 0.003% to about 8%, from about 0.003% to about 6%, from about 0.003% to about 4%, from about 0.003% to about 2%, from about 0.005% to about 10%, from about 0.005% to about 8%, from about 0.005% to about 6%, from about 0.005% to about 4%, from about 0.005% to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, including subranges and ranges there between.

[0158] The coupler(s), when present, may individually or collectively be present in an amount ranging from about 0.0001 % to about 10% by weight, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about such as from about 0.0001 % to about 8%, from about 0.0001 % to about 6%, from about 0.0001% to about 4%, from about 0.0001% to about 2%, from about 0.001% to about 10%, from about 0.001% to about 8%, from about 0.001% to about 6%, from about 0.001% to about 4%, from about 0.001% to about 2% by weight, from about 0.003% to about 10%, from about 0.003% to about 8%, from about 0.003% to about 6%, from about 0.003% to about 4%, from about 0.003% to about 2%, from about 0.005% to about 10%, from about 0.005% to about 8%, from about 0.005% to about 6%, from about 0.005% to about 4%, from about 0.005% to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition, including subranges and ranges there between.

Thickening Agents

[0159] In some embodiments, hair color-altering base compositions described herein may further include at least one thickening agent. “Thickening agents” as used here may be referred to as “thickeners” or “viscosity modifying agents.” Thickening agents are typically included to increase the viscosity of the compositions. Nonetheless, in some instances, certain thickening agents provide additional advantageous benefits to the base compositions.

[0160] In some embodiments, thickening agents are water-soluble, and increase the viscosity of water or form an aqueous gel when ingredients according to the present disclosure are dispersed/dissolved in water to formulate the base compositions. The aqueous solution may be heated and cooled, or neutralized, for forming the gel, if necessary. The thickener may be dispersed/dissolved in an aqueous solvent that is soluble in water, e.g., ethyl alcohol when it is dispersed/dissolved in water.

[0161] As non-limiting examples, thickening agents may be chosen from xanthan gum, guar gum, biosaccharide gum, cellulose, acacia seneca gum, sclerotium gum, agarose, pectin, gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, or mixtures thereof. Additionally, the at least one thickening agent may include polymeric thickening agents chosen from ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer, sodium polyacrylate, acrylates copolymers, polyacrylamide, carbomer, acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, or mixtures thereof. In some cases, the composition may optionally include ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate and/or sodium polyacrylate. Suitable thickening agents may be found, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 1 1 ,337,906, which is incorporated herein by reference. [0162] According to some embodiments, non-limiting examples of thickening agents may include polyacrylate crosspolymers or crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, cationic acrylate copolymers, anionic acrylic or carboxylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, polysaccharides such as cellulose derivatives, gums, polyquaterniums, vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers/copolymers, C8-C24 hydroxyl substituted aliphatic acid, C8-C24 conjugated aliphatic acid, sugar fatty esters, polyglyceryl esters, or mixtures thereof.

[0163] Exemplary advantageous thickening agents that may be mentioned include: (1 ) carboxylic acid or carboxylate based homopolymers or co-polymers, which can be linear or crosslinked; (2) celluloses; (3) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and co-polymers; (4) sucrose esters; (5) polyglyceryl esters; (6) gums; and mixtures of two or more thereof.

(1 ) Carboxylic acid or carboxylate based homopolymers or co-polymers, which can be linear or crosslinked:

[0164] These polymers contain one or more monomers derived from acrylic acid, substituted acrylic acids, and salts and esters of these acrylic acids (acrylates) and the substituted acrylic acids. Commercially available polymers include those sold under the trade names CARBOPOL, ACRYSOL, POLYGEL, SOKALAN, CARBOPOL ULTREZ, and POLYGEL. Examples of commercially available carboxylic acid polymers include the carbomers, which are homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerytritol. The carbomers are available as the CARBOPOL 900 series from B.F. Goodrich (e.g., CARBOPOL 954). In addition, other suitable carboxylic acid polymeric agents include ULTREZ 10 (B.F. Goodrich) and copolymers of C10-30 alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or one of their short chain (i.e., C1 -4 alcohol) esters, wherein the crosslinking agent is an allyl ether of sucrose or pentaerytritol. These copolymers are known as acrylates/C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymers and are commercially available as CARBOPOL 1342, CARBOPOL 1382, PEMULEN TR-1 , and PEMULEN TR-2, from B.F. Goodrich.

[0165] Other suitable carboxylic acid or carboxylate polymeric agents include copolymers of acrylic acid and alkyl C5-C10 acrylate, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride, and polyacrylate crosspolymer-6. Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6 is available in the raw material known as SEPIMAX ZEN from Seppic.

[0166] Another suitable carboxylic acid or carboxylate polymeric agent includes acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride/acrylates copolymer, a cationic acrylates copolymer (or a quaternary ammonium compound), available as a raw maerial known under the tradename of SIMULQUAT HC 305 from Seppic.

[0167] In certain embodiments, the carboxylic acid or carboxylate polymer thickening agents useful herein are those selected from carbomers, acrylates/C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymers, polyacrylate crosspolymer-6, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride/acrylates copolymer, or mixtures thereof.

(2) Celluloses:

[0168] Preferred examples of celluloses include cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, or mixtures thereof. In some instances, the cellulose is selected from water-soluble cellulose derivatives (for example, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, cellulose sulfate sodium salt). Furthermore, in some instance, the cellulose is optionally hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC).

(3) Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and co-polymers:

[0169] Preferred examples include Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)/vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA copolymer), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/eicosene copolymer, PVP/hexadecene copolymer, etc. Commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidone includes LUVISKOL K30, K85, K90 available from BASF. Commercially available copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylacetate include LUVISKOL VA37, VA64 available from BASF; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, methacrylamide, and vinylimidazole (INCI: VP/Methacrylamide/Vinyl Imidazole Copolymer) is commercially available as LUVISET from BASF. In some instances, PVP and PVP/VA copolymer may be chosen.

(4) Sucrose esters: [0170] Preferred examples include sucrose palmitate, sucrose cocoate, sucrose monooctanoate, sucrose monodecanoate, sucrose mono- or dilaurate, sucrose monomyristate, sucrose mono- or dipalmitate, sucrose mono- and distearate, sucrose mono-, di- or trioleate, sucrose mono- or dilinoleate, sucrose pentaoleate, sucrose hexaoleate, sucrose heptaoleate or sucrose octooleate, and mixed esters, such as sucrose palmitate/stearate, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

(5) Polyglyceryl esters:

[0171] Preferred polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (polygylceryl esters) include those of the following formula (II):

OR²

R 1-(OCH₂- ICH-CH₂O)_n-R³

wherein n ranges from 2 to 20, from 2 to 10, or from 2 to 5, or is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, and R¹, R², and R³ each may independently be chosen from fatty acid moieties or hydrogen, provided that at least one of R¹, R², and R³ is a fatty acid moiety. For instance, R¹, R², and R³ may be saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, and have a length of C1 -C40, C1 -C30, C1 -C25, or C1 -C20, C1 -C16, or 01 -010. Additionally, non-limiting examples of nonionic polyglycerol esters of fatty acids include polyglyceryl-4 caprylate/caprate, polyglyceryl-10 capryl ate/caprate, polyglyceryl-4 caprate, polyglyceryl-10 caprate, polyglyceryl-4 laurate, polyglyceryl-5 laurate, polyglyceryl-6 laurate, polyglyceryl-10 laurate, polyglyceryl-10 cocoate, polyglyceryl-10 myristate, polyglyceryl-10 oleate, polyglyceryl-10 stearate, and mixtures thereof.

(6) Gums:

[0172] Preferred examples of gums include gum arabic, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, guar gum, gellan gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, Seneca gum, sclerotium gum, gellan gum, etc.

[0173] In various embodiments, the total amount of thickening agents in the hair color-altering base compositions, when present, may range from about 0.01 % to about 10% by weight, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.01 % to about 9%, from about 0.01 % to about 8%, from about 0.01 % to about 6%, from about 0.01 % to about 4%, from about 0.01 % to about 3%, from about 0.01 % to about 2.5%, from about 0.01% to about 2%, from about 0.01% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.01% to about 1 %, from about 0.05% to about 10%, from about 0.05% to about 8%, from about 0.05% to about 6%, from about 0.05% to about 4%, from about 0.05% to about 3%, from about 0.05% to about 2.5%, from about 0.05% to about 2%, from about 0.05% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.05% to about 1 %, from about 0.1 % to about 10%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.1 % to about 6%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2.5%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 .5%, or from about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight, based on the total weight of the base composition. For example, compositions according to the disclosure may comprise a total amount of thickening agent(s) ranging from about 0.1 % to about 0.9%, about 0.2% to about 0.8%, about 0.3% to about 0.7%, or about 0.4% to about 0.6% by weight, based on the total weight of the base composition.

Polyols

[0174] In some embodiments, hair color-altering base compositions according to the present disclosure may further comprise one or more polyols. In certain preferred embodiments, the base compositions disclosed herein comprise at least two polyols. As used herein, the term “polyol” refers to an organic molecule comprising at least two free hydroxyl groups. The polyols may be liquid at ambient temperature (25°C). Suitable polyols that may be included in the compositions disclosed herein may be glycols or compounds with numerous hydroxyl groups. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises at least on polyol having from 2-32 carbon atoms, i.e., C2-C32 polyols, such as from 3 to 16 carbon atoms, or from 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0175] Preferred examples of polyol(s), when present, include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, 1 ,3-propanediol, diglycerin, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, or mixtures of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the compositions include propylene glycol. In some further cases, the compositions include one or both of propylene glycol and butylene glycol. Additionally, in some embodiments, the composition comprises propylene glycol, and optionally at least one polyol other than propylene glycol.

[0176] Non-limiting examples of polyols that may, optionally, be included in the compositions according to the present disclosure include and/or may be chosen from alkanediols such as glycerin, 1 ,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2- butene-1 ,4-diol, 2-ethyl- 1 ,3-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, caprylyl glycol, 1 ,2- hexanediol, 1 ,2-pentanediol, and 4-methyl-1 ,2-pentanediol; glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, 1 -methyl-1 -methoxybutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, sorbitol, sorbitan, triacetin, and/or a mixture thereof.

[0177] In some embodiments, the at least one polyol that is optionally included is chosen from glycols or glycol ethers such as, e.g., monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or ethers thereof such as, e.g., monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol as well as alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, e.g., monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof. In particularly preferred embodiments, a composition according to the present disclosure may include at least one polyol chosen from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, pentylene glycol, 1 ,3-propanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1 ,4- butanediol, 1 ,5-pentanediol, hexane-1 ,6-diol, glycerin, diglycerin, caprylyl glycol, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

[0178] If present, the total amount of the polyol(s) may vary but typically ranges from about 0.1 % to about 15%, including all subranges therebetween, such as from about 0.1 % to about 15%, from about 0.1 % to about 12%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.1 % to about 8%, from about 0.1 % to about 5%, from about 0.1 % to about 4%, from about 0.1 % to about 3%, from about 0.1 % to about 2%, from about 0.1% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.5% to about 15%, from about 0.5% to about 12%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 0.5% to about 5%, from about 0.5% to about 4%, from about 0.5% to about 3%, from about 0.5% to about 2%, from about 0.5% to about 1 .5%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 15%, from about 1 % to about 12%, from about 1 % to about 10%, from about 1 % to about 9%, from about 1 % to about 8%, from about 1 % to about 7%, from about 1 % to about 6%, from about 1 % to about 5%, from about 1 % to about 4%, from about 1 % to about 3%, from about 1 % to about 2%, from about 1.5% to about 15%, from about 1.5% to about 12%, from about 1.5% to about 10%, from about 1 .5% to about 9%, from about 1 .5% to about 8%, from about 1 .5% to about 7%, from about 1 .5% to about 6%, from about 1 .5% to about 5%, from about 1 .5% to about 4%, from about 1 .5% to about 3%, or from about 1 .5% to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair base composition. For example, the total amount of polyol(s) may range from about 1 % to about 9%, such as from about 1 .5% to about 8.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair base composition.

Additional Components

[0179] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure may optionally comprise one or more additional components suitable for use in cosmetic compositions, and in particular suitable for altering the color of hair. pH Adjusters

[0180] The hair color-altering base compositions may include one or more pH adjusters to increase or decrease the overall pH of the compositions. For example, one or more acids may be included to decrease the pH of the compositions. Examples of suitable acids for decreasing the pH of the compositions may include one or more acids, such as citric acid, acetic acid, and the like. The compositions may include one or more bases, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like, to increase the pH of the compositions to arrive at a desired pH value. Additional or alternative acids and bases that are suitable for adjusting the pH of the compositions are readily known to one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0181] The amount of the pH adjuster in the hair color-altering base compositions may be based on the desired pH of the final compositions and/or product. For example, the total amount of the pH adjuster may range from about 0.0001 % to about 15%, based on the total weight of the hair base composition. In some instances, the total amount of pH adjusters ranges from about 0.005% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5 % by weight, including ranges and sub-ranges therebetween, based on the total weight of the base composition. For instance, in one embodiment, the pH adjuster is about 0.1 M of sodium hydrate (NaOH).

Preservatives

[0182] One or more preservatives may be included in the hair color-altering compositions described herein for treating hair. Suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, glycerin containing compounds (e.g., glycerin or ethylhexylglycerin or phenoxyethanol), benzyl alcohol, parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, etc.), sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, chlorhexidine digluconate, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), potassium sorbate, and/or grapefruit seed extract, or a mixture thereof. Other preservatives are known in the cosmetics industries and include salicylic acid, DMDM Hydantoin, Formaldahyde, Chlorphenesin, Triclosan, Imidazolidinyl Urea, Diazolidinyl Urea, Sorbic Acid, Methylisothiazolinone, Sodium Dehydroacetate, Dehydroacetic Acid, Quaternium-15, Stearalkonium Chloride, Zinc Pyrithione, Sodium Metabisulfite, 2- Bromo-2-Nitropropane, Chlorhexidine Digluconate, Polyaminopropyl biguanide, Benzalkonium Chloride, Sodium Sulfite, Sodium Salicylate, Citric Acid, Neem Oil, Essential Oils (various), Lactic Acid, Vitamin E (tocopherol), or mixtures thereof. In some cases, the hair color-altering base compositions may include one or more preservatives selected from the group consisting of sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, chlorhexidine digluconate, chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, salicylic acid, phenoxyethanol, methyl paraben, or mixtures thereof.

[0183] The total amount of preservative(s), when present, may vary. In some cases, the total amount of preservatives ranges from about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 4%, about 0.15% to about 1 %, or about 1% to about 3%, by weight, relative to the total weight of the base composition.

Auxiliary Components

[0184] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure may optionally comprise any auxiliary component suitable for use in such compositions. Such components may include, but are not limited to, dyes/pigments other than the dyes described above, for example, pearl pigments, mica, and titanium dioxide, rheology modifying agents such as acrylic polymers, surfactants, polymers, film forming agents or polymers, humectants and moisturizing agents, fatty substances other than the fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and oils described above, emulsifying agents other than fatty substances, fillers, structuring agents, propellants, shine agents, conditioning agents, antioxidants or reducing agents, penetrants, sequestrants, fragrances, buffers, dispersants, plant extracts, opacifiers, vitamins, conditioning agents, for instance volatile or non-volatile, modified or unmodified silicones, ceramides, preserving agents, opacifiers, sunscreen agents, and antistatic agents. As such, optional auxiliary components will be chosen so as to minimize any detrimental effect to the advantages of the hair color bases and compositions described herein.

[0185] Optional auxiliary components may be present in an amount ranging up to about 15%, such as from about 0.001 % to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5%, or from about 0.1 % to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hair coloraltering base composition.

[0186] In various embodiments, hair color-altering base compositions according to the present disclosure have a pH of greater than 7, such as a pH ranging from about 7.5 to about 13, from about 8 to about 13, from about 8.5 to about 13, from about 9 to about 13, from about 9.5 to about 13, from about 10 to about 13, from about 8 to about 12, from about 8 to about 1 1 , from about 8 to about 10.5, from about 9 to about 13, from about 9 to about 12, from about 9 to about 11 , from about 10 to about 11 , or from about 10 to about 10.5, including all ranges and subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the pH of the base composition is about 10.5.

[0187] The hair color-altering base compositions do not require cationic polymers to impart beneficial hair integrity, elasticity, and strength effects, and therefore may optionally be free or essentially free of cationic polymers.

[0188] Optionally, the compositions may comprise up to about 100% biodegradable, sustainable, and/or environmentally-friendly raw materials, such as up to about 99%, up to about 98%, up to about 97%, up to about 96%, or up to about 95%.

[0189] Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure are typically in the form of a cream, paste, or lotion, but may also be in the form of a serum, a gel, a gel cream, or the like. In some embodiments, the hair color-altering base compositions may be a rinse-off hair dye product, that can be used to lift hair color or provide desired color to the hair after being mixed with a developer composition comprising an oxidizing agent. Hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure are generally stable and can be stored at room temperature for at least 24 months.

[0190] Hair color-altering base compositions disclosed herein can be mixed with a developer composition (also referred to as an oxidizing composition or developer) that comprises an oxidizing agent, resulting in mixtures, i.e., hair color-altering compositions, that are suitable for applying onto the hair for altering the color of the hair, including lifting the color of hair and/or providing color to the hair, and at the same time, providing benefits such as maintaining and/or enhancing the strength of the hair, and reducing damage to hair due to chemical treatment during altering the color of the hair.

Developer Compositions

[0191] Developer compositions can be mixed with hair color-altering base compositions according to the disclosure to prepare a composition for altering the color of the hair. Typically, a developer composition comprises at least one oxidizing agent and a cosmetically suitable carrier. Developer compositions that can be used to prepare a hair color-altering composition according to the disclosure are not limited, and can include, for example, any commercial developer composition as long as it includes at least one oxidizing agent.

[0192] In various embodiments, a suitable oxidizing agent may be chosen, for example, from peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide and urea peroxide; persalts, such as persulfates, perborates, percarbonates, peroxygenated salts, etc., alkali metal bromates, alkali metal ferricyanides, alkali metal carbonates, or a mixture thereof. An oxidizing agent may also be chosen from one or more oxidation-reduction enzymes, such as laccases, peroxidases, and 2-electron oxidoreductases (such as uricase), optionally in the presence of their respective donor or cofactor.

[0193] In some embodiments, suitable oxidizing agents may be chosen from persulfates and/or monopersulfates such as, for example, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, as well as mixtures thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, the oxidizing agents useful according to the present disclosure are chosen from hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0194] In certain embodiments, hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent. In certain situations, hydrogen peroxide may be present in an aqueous developer whose titer may range from 1 to 40 volumes, such as from 5 to 40 volumes, from 5 to 30 volumes, or from 5 to 20 volumes. In certain embodiments, the oxidizing component is a 10V, 20V, 30V, or 40V hydrogen peroxide developer composition.

[0195] The oxidizing agent may, in various embodiments, be present in the developer composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 50% by weight, such as from about 0.1 % to about 30% by weight, from about 0.1 % to about 20% by weight, about 1 % to about 20%, about 1% to about 15%, about 1 % to about 12%, about 3% to about 20%, about 3% to about 15%, about 3% to about 12%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 12%, about 7% to about 20%, about 7% to about 15%, about 7% to about 12%, about 9% to about 20%, about 9% to about 15%, or about 9% to about 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the developer composition.

[0196] The developer composition may contain at least one solvent, chosen from, for example water, organic solvents, or mixtures thereof. Suitable organic solvents for use in the developer composition, alone or in mixture with water, include but are not limited to ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, propanol, benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, glycols and glycol ethers, such as propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl, monoethyl or monobutyl ether, propylene glycol and its ethers, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol alkyl ethers, such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propane diol, glycerin, hydrocarbons such as straight chain hydrocarbons, mineral oil, polybutene, hydrogenated polyisobutene, hydrogenated polydecene, polydecene, squalane, petrolatum, isoparaffins, or mixtures thereof.

[0197] The organic solvents for use in the developer compositions can be volatile or non-volatile compounds. The organic solvent may, for example, be present in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 70% by weight, such as from about 2% to about 60% by weight, such as from about 5 to about 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the developer composition.

[0198] The developer compositions are typically aqueous, but may also be in the form of a powder, gel, liquid, foam, lotion, cream, mousse, or emulsion. For instance, in certain embodiments the developer composition is aqueous and is in the form of a liquid, cream, or emulsion. In alternative embodiments, the developer composition may be anhydrous or substantially anhydrous. The term “substantially anhydrous” means that the developer composition is either completely free of water or contains no appreciable amount of water, for example, no more than 5% by weight, or no more than 2% by weight, or no more than 1 % by weight, based on the weight of the developer composition. It should be noted that this refers for example to bound water, such as the water of crystallization of the salts or traces of water absorbed by the raw materials used in the preparation of the compositions according to embodiments of the disclosure. When the developer composition is substantially anhydrous, the developer composition may comprise at least one solvent chosen from organic solvents described above.

[0199] The developer compositions may optionally include other components typically used in developer compositions, such as, for example, rheology-modifying agents, chelants, fatty substances, ceramides, pH adjusting agents, preservatives, fragrances, surfactants, etc.

[0200] The pH of the developer composition is typically below 7. In some embodiments, the pH of the developer composition may be below 4.

Hair Color-Altering Compositions

[0201] In preferred embodiments, the disclosure also provides hair color-altering compositions which comprise the components described above for hair base compositions and at least one oxidizing agent. Thus, the preferred hair color-altering compositions comprise any of the bonding systems as described herein, as well as additional components described for base compositions described herein.

[0202] The hair color-altering compositions are typically prepared by mixing a hair color-altering base composition with a developer composition, for example at or near the time of use. According to various embodiments, a hair color-altering base composition disclosed herein can be mixed with a developer composition in a weight ratio of hair color-altering base composition to developer that ranges from about 1 :5 to about 5:1 , such as from about 1 :4 to about 4:1 , about 1 :3 to about 3:1 , or about 1 :2 to about 2:1 , or is, for example, about 5:1 , about 4:1 , about 3:1 , about 2:1 , about 1 .5:1 , about 1 :1 , about 1 :1 .5, about 1 :2, about 1 :3, about 1 :4, or about 1 :5. As such, it will be understood that the amounts of components provided above for hair base compositions can be present in the hair color-altering compositions in amounts provided for the hair base compositions, reduced by the volume of the developer composition with which the base composition is mixed. For example, if the hair base composition includes a bonding system comprising 4% citric acid and 4% glycine, and the hair base is mixed with a developer composition at a ratio of 1 :1 , assuming the developer does not contain any citric acid or glycine it is contemplated that the final hair color-altering composition would comprise 2% citric acid and 2% glycine. However, it should be understood that weight ratios provided for various components (e.g. first and second bonding agents) for the hair base compositions are intended to be the same in the hair color-altering compositions.

[0203] In various embodiments, the hair color-altering compositions according to the present disclosure may be free or essentially free of cationic polymers, as it has been discovered that the benefits achieved by including cationic polymers in hair coloraltering compositions can be achieved by the synergistic combination of components disclosed herein, without the negative effects typically seen from cationic polymers.

[0204] In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein are free or essentially free of ammonia, salts thereof, and/or hydrates thereof, although in some other embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise ammonia, salts thereof, and/or hydrates thereof.

[0205] The pH of the hair color-altering composition resulting from mixing the hair color-altering base composition and the developer composition is typically greater than 7, which can be adjusted to the desired value using acidifying/alkalizing agents that are well known in the art, such as those described above. In certain embodiments, the pH of the hair color-altering composition ranges from about 7 to about 12, such as from about 8 to about 12, from about 9 to about 12, from about 7 to about 1 1 , from about 8 to about 11 , or from about 9 to about 1 1. In some embodiments, the hair color-altering composition has a pH that ranges from about 10 to about 1 1 .

[0206] It is to be understood that the bonding systems and components described herein for providing advantageous hair fiber strength and/or minimizing or reducing damage to hair during a process for altering the color of hair may be provided as various separate compositions intended to be combined at or near the time of use. By way of example only, a hair color base may be provided as described herein but may include only a first bonding agent as described herein, where the hair color base is intended to be mixed with a developer composition comprising a second bonding agent as described herein, at or near the time of use. As yet another example, a hair color base may be provided as described herein but may include only a first bonding agent as described herein, where the hair color base is intended to be mixed with a commercially-available developer composition and also with a third composition comprising a second bonding agent as described herein, at or near the time of use. Thus, various permutations for providing a hair color-altering composition having the components demonstrated herein to provide the advantageous effects described can be prepared, and are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure.

II. Kits

[0207] The present disclosure also relates to kits comprising the base compositions and/or developer compositions described herein. The kits in various embodiments may comprise at least one container suitable for containing and/or dispensing the base compositions and/or developer compositions described herein. In some other embodiments, a kit may comprise a first container containing a hair color-altering base composition according to the disclosure, a second container comprising a developer comprising at least one oxidizing agent described above, and optionally, an additional separate container comprising a cosmetic composition, for example, a shampoo, a conditioner, a hair mask, a hair styling composition, or a hair treatment composition other than a developer or a base described above. The hair color-altering base composition and the developer composition contained in separate containers may be mixed prior to the application onto hair.

III. Methods

[0208] Compositions described herein can effectively alter the color of hair, while at the same time surprisingly provide or maintain fiber strength and/or minimize or reduce damage to the hair caused by chemical treatment. Therefore, another aspect of the disclosure relates to methods of using any of the compositions disclosed herein for altering the color of the hair, including lifting the color of hair and/or providing a desired color to the hair, while at the same time maintaining and/or improving fiber integrity of the hair and/or minimizing or reducing damage to the hair caused by chemical treatment.

[0209] In various embodiments, the methods disclosed herein typically comprise applying to hair an amount of a hair color-altering composition disclosed herein effective to alter the color of the hair. The hair color-altering composition is generally obtained at the time or near the time of use by mixing a hair color-altering base composition disclosed herein and a developer composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent. In some embodiments, the methods may further include mixing a hair color-altering base composition disclosed herein and a developer composition described herein at the time or near the time of use.

[0210] In various embodiments, before application of the hair color-altering compositions disclosed herein, the hair may be bleached, shampooed, and/or rinsed. In some embodiments, before application of the hair color-altering composition to the hair, the hair may be first cleansed with a commercially available shampoo or be rinsed with water. The hair may be further conditioned and/or rinsed after shampooing and before application of the compositions disclosed herein. After the hair is shampooed, conditioned, and/or rinsed, the hair color-altering composition is then applied to the washed or rinsed hair when the hair is wet, damp, or moist. In some other embodiments, before applying the hair color-altering composition to the hair, the hair can optionally be moistened, damped, or wetted by water spray or using a wet towel, or by applying other treatment compositions that make the hair moist, damp, or wet. In some embodiments, after the application of the compositions disclosed to the hair, the hair may be further rinsed, shampooed, and/or conditioned one or more times.

[0211] As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to any amount sufficient to provide a desired lifting or coloring effect. For example, in some embodiments, from about 0.1 grams to about 50 grams of a hair color-altering composition may be applied to the hair, depending on the specific product formulation, hair length, hair volume, and hair color. In some embodiments, about 0.1 grams (g) of the composition per gram of hair is applied to the hair. In some embodiments, about 0.5 grams (g) of the composition per gram of hair is applied to the hair. The composition applied to the hair may be distributed through the hair as desired, e.g. substantially evenly or uniformly massaged throughout the hair by combing through with fingers or a means such as a comb or the like.

[0212] After the hair color-altering composition is applied on to the hair, the composition may be allowed to remain on the hair for a period of time sufficient to impart the benefits provided by the composition (“leave-in period"), such as lifting effect or providing desired color or tone to the hair. For example, the hair color composition may be left on the hair for up to one hour, such as from about 1 minute to about 60 minutes, from about 1 minutes to about 45 minutes, from about 1 minute to about 30 minutes, from about 1 minute to about 20 minutes, from about 1 minute to about 15 minutes, from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes, from about 3 minutes to about 45 minutes, from about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, or from about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes, and then rinsed off from the hair. One skilled in the art will, by considering various factors such as the starting color of the hair and the desired color to obtained, be able to determine an appropriate amount of time to leave the hair color-altering composition or mixture on the hair in order to achieve the desired alternation in hair color. If desired, the treated hair may be further shampooed and/or conditioned after the coloring mixtures are rinsed off the hair.

[0213] In some embodiments, a method disclosed herein is for permanently coloring or dyeing hair while improving the strength and fiber integrity of the hair. In this case, the hair color-altering base and/or hair color-altering composition may include one or more hair coloring agents such as oxidation dyes optionally combined with one or more couplers. In other embodiments, a method disclosed herein is for lifting the color of hair while improving the strength and fiber integrity of the hair, without also depositing color onto the hair. In this case, the hair color-altering base and/or hair color-altering composition may not include any hair coloring agents, or at least not in an amount sufficient to deposit color onto the hair.

[0214] Having described the many embodiments of the present invention in detail, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure defined in the appended claims. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that all examples in the present disclosure, while illustrating many embodiments of the disclosure, are provided as non-limiting examples and are, therefore, not to be taken as limiting the various aspects so illustrated. It is to be understood that all definitions herein are provided for the present disclosure only.

[0215] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and “including” (or “comprise,” “have,” and “include”) are used in their open, non-limiting sense. The phrase “consisting essentially of” limits the scope of a claim to the specified materials or steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the compositions.

[0216] In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. The singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “at least one” are understood to encompass the plural as well as the singular unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, “a polyol” is expressly intended to mean “at least one polyol,” encompassing both embodiments including a single polyol as well as embodiments including more than one polyol. The expression “one or more” means “at least one” and thus includes individual components as well as mixtures/combinations.

[0217] Likewise, the term “a salt thereof” also relates to “salts thereof.” Thus, where the disclosure refers to “an element selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, a salt thereof, or mixtures thereof,” it indicates that that one or more of A, B, C, D, and F may be included, one or more of a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of

D, a salt of E, and a salt of F may be included, or a mixture of any two of A, B, C, D,

E, F, a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E, and a salt of F may be included.

[0218] The term “and/or” should be understood to include both the conjunctive and the disjunctive. For example, “lactic acid and/or salts thereof” means “lactic acid and salts thereof” as well as “lactic acid or salts thereof,” and expressly covers instances of either.

[0219] As used herein, the phrases “and mixtures thereof,” “and a mixture thereof,” “and combinations thereof,” “and a combination thereof,” “or mixtures thereof,” “or a mixture thereof,” “or combinations thereof,” “or a combination thereof,” and the like are used interchangeably to denote that the listing of components immediately preceding the phrase, such as “A, B, C, D, or mixtures thereof” signify that the component(s) may be chosen from A, from B, from C, from D, from A+B, from A+B+C, from A+D, from A+C+D, etc., without limitation on the variations thereof. Thus, the components may be used individually or in any combination of two or more thereof. As such, the phrase “and mixtures thereof,” etc., should be read as “mixtures of two or more thereof.”

[0220] For purposes of the present disclosure, it should be noted that to provide a more concise description, some of the quantitative expressions given herein are not qualified with the term “about.” It is understood that whether the term “about” is used explicitly or not, every quantity given herein is meant to refer to the actual given value, and it is also meant to refer to the approximation to such given value that would reasonably be inferred based on the ordinary skill in the art, including approximations due to the experimental and/or measurement conditions for such given value.

[0221] All ranges and amounts given herein are intended to include sub-ranges and amounts using any disclosed point as an end point, and all endpoints are intended to be included unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, a range of “1% to 10%, such as 2% to 8%, such as 3% to 5%,” is intended to encompass ranges of “1 % to 8%,” “1 % to 5%,” “2% to 10%,” and so on. All numbers, amounts, ranges, etc., are intended to be modified by the term “about,” whether or not expressly stated, unless expressly stated otherwise. Similarly, a range given of “about 1% to 10%” is intended to have the term “about” modifying both the 1 % and the 10% endpoints. The term “about” is used herein to indicate a difference of up to +/- 10% from the stated number, such as +/- 9%, +/- 8%, +/- 7%, +/- 6%, +/- 5%, +/- 4%, +/- 3%, +/- 2%, or +/- 1 %. Likewise, all endpoints of ranges are understood to be individually disclosed, such that, for example, a range of 1 :2 to 2:1 is understood to disclose a ratio of both 1 :2 and 2:1 .

[0222] As used herein, if a component is described as being present “in an amount up to” a certain amount, it is intended that such component is, in fact, present in the composition, i.e. is present in an amount greater than 0%.

[0223] All amounts given herein are relative to the amount of active material, unless otherwise indicated.

[0224] All percentages, parts and ratios of components provided herein are based upon the total weight of the composition in which they are included, unless otherwise indicated.

[0225] The term “altering the color” or “color-altering” as used herein refers to lifting or lightening the color of hair, as well as dyeing or coloring hair or depositing color onto the hair. In certain instances, it refers to lifting or lightening the color of hair and depositing color onto the hair in the same process.

[0226] As used herein, the terms “applying a composition onto keratin fibers” and “applying a composition onto hair” and variations of these phrases are intended to mean contacting the keratin fibers including hair, with at least one of the compositions of the disclosure, in any manner. It may also mean contacting the keratin fibers in an effective amount of the composition.

[0227] As used herein, “cosmetic composition” encompasses many types of compositions for application to keratin materials such as skin or hair, for example, hair lotions, hair creams, hair gel creams, hair conditioners, hair masques (masks), etc., which can be used either as leave-on or rinse-off treatments or products.

[0228] As used herein, the term “organic” means a material that is produced substantially without or essentially without the use of synthetic materials.

[0229] As used herein, the term “salts” may include salts having a counter-ion such as an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium counterion. This list of counterions, however, is non-limiting. Salts also include a dissociated form of a compound, e.g. in an aqueous solution.

[0230] Bonding agents should be understood to include salts of such agents, whether or not specifically stated. For example, a “first bonding agent chosen from lactic acid” should be understood to include salts of lactic acid unless expressly stated otherwise. Likewise, a “second bonding agent chosen from glycine” should be understood to include salts of glycine unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0231] As used herein, the term “stable” refers to that the composition does not exhibit phase separation and/or crystallization for a period of time, for example, for at least 1 day (24 hours), one week, one month, one year, or two years.

[0232] As used herein, the terms “substantially free” or “essentially free” mean the specific material may be present in small amounts that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the compositions according to the disclosure. For instance, there may be less than 2% by weight of a specific material added to a composition, based on the total weight of the compositions (provided that an amount of less than 2% by weight does not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the compositions according to the disclosure. Similarly, the compositions may include less than 2%, less than 1.5%, less than 1 %, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, less than 0.05%, or less than 0.01 %, or none of the specified material. Furthermore, all components that are positively set forth in the instant disclosure may be negatively excluded from the claims, e.g., a claimed composition may be “free,” “essentially free” (or “substantially free”) of one or more components that are positively set forth in the instant disclosure. The terms “free,” “substantially free,” and “essentially free” as used herein may also mean that the specific material is not added to the composition but may still be present in a raw material that is included in the composition. For example, a composition according to the disclosure may not include an added wax but may include a pigment that is coated with a wax and still be considered “free,” “substantially free,” or “essentially free” of waxes.

[0233] As used herein, the term “surfactants,” as well as any specifically identified surfactants, includes salts of the surfactants even if not explicitly stated.

[0234] As used herein, the term “synthetic” means a material that is not of natural origin. The term “natural” and “naturally-sourced” means a material of natural origin, such as derived from plants, which also cannot be subsequently chemically or physically modified. “Plant-based” means that the material came from a plant.

[0235] As used herein, the term “treat” (and its grammatical variations) refers to the application of the compositions of the present disclosure onto the surface of keratin materials, such as hair.

[0236] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not expressly recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is no way intended that any particular order be inferred. EXAMPLES

[0237] The following examples are intended to be non-limiting and explanatory in nature only. In the Examples, amounts are expressed in percentage by weight (wt%) of active materials, unless otherwise defined, relative to the total weight of the composition.

Example 1 - Hair Color-Altering Base Compositions

[0238] The hair color-altering base compositions shown in Tables 1A-1 E were prepared.

[0239] Exemplary base compositions 1 A-1 H according to the disclosure and comparative compositions C1 -C4 were prepared by mixing the components according to the formulations set forth in Tables 1 A and 1 B.

TABLE 1A

TABLE 1 B

[0240] Exemplary base compositions 11-1 R according to the disclosure and comparative composition C5 were prepared by mixing the components according to the formulations set forth in Table 1 C. TABLE 1C

[0241] Comparative composition C6 was prepared by mixing the components according to the formulation set forth in Table 1 D. TABLE 1 D

[0242] Exemplary base compositions 1 S-1X according to the disclosure and comparative composition 07 were prepared by mixing the components according to the formulations set forth in Table 1 E. TABLE 1 E

[0243] The pH of each of compositions 1 A-1 X and C1 -C7 was in the range of about 10-11. All compositions were in the form of a cream and were stable for at least 48 hours after being prepared.

Example 2 - Developer Compositions

[0244] Exemplary cream 20V (D1 ) or 10V (D2) developer compositions set forth in Table 2 were prepared. The developer compositions had a pH at 25°C of about 2.2 (± 0.2). TABLE 2

Example 3 - Evaluation of Integrity of Treated Hair

[0245] The studies described herein evaluate the integrity of hair treated with hair color-altering compositions comprising bonding systems according to various embodiments of the disclosure by evaluating break stress, plateau stress, tensile toughness, and/or elastic modulus of the treated hair. Break stress represents the force/area needed to break the hair fiber. The elastic modulus represents a measure of the hair’s spring-like structure (elasticity). Elastic modulus provides fiber deformation information, so fibers with higher elastic modulus are more elastic (less brittle) and resistant to deformation. As used herein, “tensile toughness” refers to a property indicative of the hair fiber’s resistance to fracture when a crack or other stressconcentrating defect is present. To be tough, a hair fiber must be both strong and ductile. Tensile toughness is usually measured in units of Joule per cubic meter (J-m-3) in the International System of Units (SI) system. The higher the toughness, the more resistant to breakage.

Example 3A - Compositions 1 A-1 F

[0246] Fiber integrity of hair treated with base compositions 1 A-1 F, which comprise bonding systems according to embodiments of the disclosure, was evaluated by measuring the elastic modulus and tensile toughness of the hair in comparison with hair treated with comparative compositions C1 -C4.

[0247] Experiments were performed on swatches of natural hair (50 fibers per swatch) with approximate lengths of about 12 cm. At or near the time of application, inventive compositions 1 A-1 F and comparative composition C1 -C4 were respectively mixed with developer D1 in a mix ratio of about 1 :1 , resulting in corresponding mixtures, i.e., hair color-altering compositions of 1 A+D, 1 B+D, 1 C+D, 1 D+D, 1 E+D, 1 F+D, C1 +D, C2+D, C3+D, and C4+D.

[0248] Equal amounts of each of the above mixtures were applied to a separate hair swatches that were pre-washed with shampoo five times and air dried. The mixtures processed on the hair for about 35 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, the hair was rinsed under running water for about 30 seconds and blow dried for about 30 seconds.

[0249] Hair swatches treated as above and an untreated hair swatch used as control were allowed to equilibrate for 24 hours at 45% relative humidity and room temperature, and subsequently subjected to tensile testing using a Miniature Tensile Tester (MTT680 from Dia-Stron Ltd) when the hair swatches were in the dry state at a traction speed of about 10 mm/min when the hair swatches were in the dry state. Elastic modulus and toughness of the hair were measured. Obtained measurements were statistically analyzed using a two-sample t-test assuming equal variances, where the statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.

[0250] The results of the elastic modulus analysis of the above treated hair swatches are shown in FIG. 1 . As can be seen in FIG. 1 , the hair treated with mixtures C2+D, C3+D, or C4+D, which include lactic acid, arginine, or glycine alone, did not have significant difference in elastic modulus compared to the hair treated with mixture C1 +D, where no bonding agent is included. In contrast, the hair treated with mixtures 1 A+D, 1 B+D, 1 C+D, 1 D+D, 1 E+D, or 1 F+D, which include the combination of lactic acid and arginine and/or glycine, had significantly higher elastic modulus than the hair treated with mixture C1 +D. The results thus demonstrate that the inventive compositions, which include a synergistic combination of lactic acid and one or more amino acids such as arginine and/or glycine, significantly improved the fiber’s resistance to deformation.

[0251] The results of the tensile toughness of the above treated hair swatches are shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the hair treated with mixtures C2+D, C3+D, or C4+D did not have significant difference in toughness compared to the hair treated with mixture C1 +D. In contrast, the hair treated with mixtures 1 A+D, 1 B+D, 1 C+D, 1 D+D, 1 E+D, or 1 F+D had significantly higher toughness than the hair treated with mixture C1 +D. These results demonstrate that the inventive compositions, which include a synergistic combination of lactic acid and one or more amino acids such as arginine and/or glycine, significantly improved the fiber’s resistance to breakage.

Example 3B - Compositions 1 1-1 R

[0252] Fiber integrity of hair treated with base compositions 1 H-1 R, which comprise bonding systems according to embodiments of the disclosure, were evaluated in comparison with hair treated with comparative compositions C5-C6.

[0253] Two different studies were performed on swatches of natural virgin hair (50 fibers per swatch) with approximate lengths of about 12 cm. At or near the time of application, about 4.5 grams of each of the inventive compositions 1 1-1 R and comparative compositions C5-C6 were mixed with about 4.5 grams of developer composition D1 in a mix ratio of about 1 :1 at 27°C for about 35 minutes to obtain mixtures, i.e., hair color-altering compositions of 1 1+D, 1 J+D, 1 K+D, 1 L+D, 1 M+D, 1 N+D, 10+D, 1 P+D, 1 Q+D, 1 R+D, C5+D, and C6+D.

[0254] In a first study, equal amounts of each of the mixtures (about 9 grams of mixture per 3 grams of hair) were applied to separate hair swatches that were prewashed with a shampoo five times and air dried before the application of the mixture. The mixtures were allowed to process on the hair swatches for about 35 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, the hair was rinsed under running water for about 30 seconds and blow dried for about 30 seconds.

[0255] In a second study, equal amounts of each of the mixtures (about 9 grams of mixture per 3 grams of hair) were applied to separate hair swatches that were prewashed with a shampoo five times and air dried before the application of the mixture. The mixtures were allowed to process on the hair swatches for about 35 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, the mixtures were rinsed from the hair swatches and the swatches were washed with shampoo once. After shampooing the hair was rinsed for about 30 seconds and blow dried for about 30 seconds. [0256] Hair swatches treated as above and an untreated hair swatch used as a control were allowed to equilibrate for 24 hours at 45% relative humidity and room temperature, and subsequently subjected to tensile testing using a Miniature Tensile Tester (MTT680 from Dia-Stron Ltd.) when the hair swatches were in the dry state at a traction speed of about 10 mm/min. Break stress, plateau stress, tensile toughness, and/or elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of the treated hair were measured. Obtained measurements were statistically analyzed using a two-sample t-test assuming equal variances, where the statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Elastic modulus and toughness results were similar to those obtained in Example 3A.

[0257] The results of these studies, which are considered to be statistically significant, showed that compositions including (i) citric acid and/or a salt thereof, and (ii) at least one amino acid and/or an amino sulfonic acid, such as glycine, arginine, and/or taurine, surprisingly and significantly enhanced the break stress, plateau stress, tensile toughness, and/or elastic modulus of the treated hair, compared to comparative compositions. Hair treated with each of hair color-altering compositions of 1 l+D, 1 J+D, 1 K+D, 1 L+D, 1 M+D, 1 N+D, 10+D, 1 P+D, 1 Q+D, and 1 R+D demonstrated statistically significant improvement in break stress, elastic modulus, and tensile toughness compared to hair treated with comparative compositions C5+D and C6+D.

Example 3C - Compositions 1 S-1 X

[0258] Fiber integrity of pre-bleached hair treated with base compositions 1 S-1 X, which comprise bonding systems according to embodiments of the disclosure, were evaluated using tensile testing in comparison with hair treated with comparative composition C7.

[0259] Caucasian hair tresses with tone level of HT 4-5 were used in the testing. Each tress had 50 individual fibers and was about 2.7 grams with a length of about 8 inches. The hair tresses were bleached once with a standard bleaching composition for about 50 minutes at 33°C. After bleaching, the hair tresses were rinsed and washed with a standard shampoo once and blow-dried using a hair dryer for 2 minutes. At or near the time of application, compositions 1 S, 1 T, 1 U, 1 V, 1 W, 1 X, and C7 were respectively mixed with 10V developer composition D2 in a mix ratio of 1 :1 to prepare hair color-altering compositions 1 S+D, 1T+D, 1 LJ+D, 1 V+D, 1 W+D, 1X+D, and C7+D. Each obtained mixture was respectively applied to a separate pre-bleached hair tress in a bath ratio of 10:1 , allowed to process for about 20 minutes, and then rinsed from the hair. The application process was repeated up to seven times. Each tress was shampooed, and blow dried for about 2 minutes, or until fully dry, between applications and after the final application. The procedure was performed at a temperature of about 27°C on a plate in open air condition (without the use of foils). Each mixture was tested in duplicate on separate bleached hair tresses. As a baseline control, two separate bleached tresses were shampooed seven times and blow dried for about 2 minutes between shampoos and after the final shampoo, without application of any hair color-altering compositions.

[0260] After the first application, the fourth application, and/or the seventh application of the mixtures, the hair tresses were subjected to break stress testing to evaluate the integrity of the hair using a Miniature Tensile Tester (MTT-US1.3) at a traction speed of about 10mm/min when the hair tresses were in the wet state after equilibration at room temperature and 80% relative humidity. The measured results of the hair break stress after the fourth application were statistically analyzed using R software version 3.0.2, where the statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. The statistical results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

* Cl: confidence interval estimate CV: coefficient of variation

[0261 ] As shown in Table 3, the process of altering the color of the pre-bleached hair using compositions with no bonding agents (C7+D) resulted in hair that had a significantly decreased break stress value, indicating that the hair was less strong and more damaged compared to the hair not treated with a color-altering composition (baseline control). In contrast, the hair treated with mixtures 1 S+D, 1 T+D, 1 U+D, 1 V+D, 1 W+D, and 1X+D, which include exemplary bonding systems according to the disclosure, surprisingly demonstrated statistically significant improvement in break stress value compared to the hair treated with the mixture of C7+D (p < 0.05). This result demonstrates that hair treated with compositions according to the disclosure had greater fiber integrity and strength, and less damage, even after being subjected to a chemical hair color altering process, compared to hair subjected to the same process but without the beneficial bonding agents according to the disclosure.

Example 3D - Composition 1 G

[0262] Fiber integrity of hair treated with inventive composition 1 G, which comprises a bonding system including lactic acid, arginine, and glycerin in a weight ratio of about 1 :3:1 .5 (lactic acid:arginine:glycine) incorporated in a hair color altering composition, was evaluated by tensile testing in comparison hair treated with comparative composition C1 , where no bonding agent is included.

[0263] Experiments were performed on natural virgin hair swatches with a length of about 12 cm and 50 fibers per swatch. At or near the time of application, inventive composition 1 G and comparative composition C1 were respectively mixed with developer D1 in a mix ratio of about 1 :1 to obtain mixtures (hair color-altering compositions) 1 G+D and C1 +D.

[0264] In a first study, same amount of each of the above mixtures 1 G+D and C1 +D was applied to a separate hair swatch that was pre-washed with a shampoo five times and air dried before the application of the mixtures. The bath ratio of the mixture 1 G+D and C1 +D respectively applied to the hair was about 9 grams of each mixture per 3 grams of hair. Each mixture applied on the hair was allowed to process on the hair for about 35 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, the hair was rinsed under flowing water for about 30 seconds and blow dried for about 30 seconds. [0265] In a second study, the same amount of each of the above mixtures 1 G+D and C1 +D were applied to separate hair swatches that were pre-washed with a shampoo five times and air dried before the application of the mixtures. The bath ratio of the mixture 1 G+D and C1 +D respectively applied to the hair was about 9 grams of each mixture per 3 grams of hair. Each mixture applied on the hair was allowed to process on the hair for about 35 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, the mixtures were rinsed off and the hair swatches were washed with the shampoo once. After shampooing, the treated hair swatches were rinsed, and blow dried for about 30 seconds.

[0266] Hair swatches treated as above and an untreated hair swatch used as control were allowed to equilibrate for 24 hours at 45% relative humidity and room temperature, and subsequently subjected to tensile testing using a Miniature Tensile Tester (MTT680 from Dia-Stron Ltd) when the hair swatches were in the dry state at a traction speed of about 10mm/min. Break stress, plateau stress, tensile toughness, and/or elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of the treated hair were measured. Obtained measurements were statistically analyzed using a two-sample t-test assuming equal variances, where the statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.

[0267] The results of the break stress, plateau stress, and elastic modulus of the hair treated in the first testing are shown in FIGS. 3-5. FIG. 3 illustrates the break stress of the treated hair, FIG. 4 illustrates the plateau stress of the treated hair, and FIG. 5 illustrates the elastic modulus of the treated hair. As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the hair treated with mixture 1 G+D had statistically and significantly higher break stress, plateau stress, and elastic modulus (p < 0.05), indicating that the hair treated with mixture 1 G+D was not brittle and could withstand higher stresses, compared to the hair treated with mixture C1 +D.

[0268] The results of elastic modulus and plateau stress of the hair treated in the second testing are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, compared to the untreated hair, the hair treated with comparative mixture C1 +D had decreased elastic modulus and plateau stress, indicating that the hair treated with mixture C1 +D was damaged and had impaired integrity due to the chemical treatment for altering the color of the hair. In contrast, the hair treated with mixture 1 G+D did not show decrease in elastic modulus compared to the untreated hair and had a significantly improved plateau stress compared to the untreated hair and the hair treated with mixture C1 +D.

[0269] The above results demonstrated that the bonding system in composition 1 G, which comprises lactic acid, arginine, and glycine in with a weight ratio of lactic acid to arginine and to glycine of about 1 :3:1 .5, significantly improved the fiber integrity of the hair. The benefit provided by composition 1G was also surprisingly found to be lasting. The integrity was maintained even after the treated hair was further shampooed at least once.

Example 4 - Differential Scanning Calorimetry Measurement of Treated Hair

[0270] The ability of compositions 1 1-1 R to maintain or improve the integrity of hair, or to minimize damage to the hair, during a process of coloring the hair was evaluated in comparison with comparative compositions C5 and 06, and untreated control hair using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The objective of using this technique was to evaluate the intensity of bonding benefit of actives to hair.

[0271] DSC measures the energy transferred to or from a sample undergoing a physical or chemical change. It is useful for investigating the structural characteristics of hair fibers. Keratin undergoes detectable transformations at various temperatures. Changes in these transformation temperatures can be used to estimate how a particular hair-treatment may impact hair fibers. In this study, DSC was used to measure denaturation temperature (Td). Denaturation temperature (Td) has been used as a representation of the thermal stability of hair fibers, which is influenced, at least in part, by the cross-link density of the matrix (intermediate filament associated proteins, I FAP). Denaturation temperature (Td) and its relationship in determining the thermal stability of hair fibers is established in the literature. Generally, the denaturation temperature of hair (a-keratin proteins) is higher if the hair strength/integrity is high and vice-versa.

[0272] Experiments were performed on natural level 4 (NL4) hair swatches with a length of about 12 cm and 50 fibers per swatch. Before application, the hair swatches were shampooed five times and air dried. At or near the time of use, each of compositions 1 1-1 R and C5-C6 were mixed with developer D1 in a mix ratio of about 1 :1 , resulting in corresponding mixtures, i.e. , hair color-altering compositions of 1 l+D, 1 J+D, 1 K+D, 1 L+D, 1 M+D, 1 N+D, 1 O+D, 1 P+D, 1 Q+D, 1 R+D, C5+D, and C6+D. [0273] Equal amounts of each of the mixtures were applied to separate NL4 hair swatches that were pre-washed with a shampoo five times and air dried. The mixture was allowed to remain on the hair for about 35 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, the hair was rinsed under running water for about 30 seconds and blow dried for about 30 seconds.

[0274] To prepare hair samples for DSC measurement, hair was cut from the middle portion of each swatch and chopped into particles with finer size (<0.5mm). The hair particles (hair samples) were weighed to about 7mg to 8mg and put into a DSC pan chamber. About 50pL of deionized water (DI water) was added into the pan and the hair particles were soaked in the water. For each composition, four pans were prepared (i.e. n=4). The hair samples were equilibrated at room temperature and left overnight. About 24 hours after treating the hair, the samples were analyzed using a DSC 2500 Discovery series instrument starting from 40°C and ramping by 10°C/min to 180°C.

[0275] The results of the denaturation temperature of the treated and control hair are illustrated in the graph in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 8, compared to the untreated hair, the hair treated with the mixture of C6+D, which contains hexadimethrine chloride and cationic polymer polyquaternium-22, had a denaturation temperature similar to that of the untreated hair. The hair treated with C6+D was noticeably greasy and lank. The hair treated with the mixture C5+D, which does not include any bonding agent disclosed herein or any cationic polymer, had a decreased denaturation temperature, indicating that the hair was damaged or weakened due to the chemical treatment for altering the color of the hair.

[0276] In contrast, the hair swatches treated with mixtures of developer D1 and compositions 1 A-1 J all had statistically significant improved denaturation temperatures (more than 0.5°C), compared to the untreated hair and the hair treated with mixtures C5+D and C6+D. In addition, the hair treated with mixtures of developer D1 and compositions 1 1-1 R was not greasy or lank, and had noticeable improvement in sensoriality and naturality compared to the hair treated with mixture C6+D.

[0277] These results demonstrate that compositions for altering the color of hair disclosed herein, which comprise a bonding system comprising (i) citric acid and/or a salt thereof, and (ii) at least one amino acid and/or an amino sulfonic acid, such as glycine, arginine, and/or taurine, surprisingly enhanced the strength and integrity of the hair during a process for altering the color of the hair. In addition, the compositions according to the present disclosure do not require cationic polymers, and thus can provide better sensoriality and naturality properties to the hair, compared to hair treated with a composition containing cationic polymers.

[0278] Although example formulations 1 1-1 R are clear base compositions, these hair color base compositions can incorporate one or more dyes (e.g. oxidation dyes, couplers, direct dyes, or combinations of two or more thereof), pigments, etc. According to the above results, it is expected that such formulated coloring compositions would not cause damage to the hair, and instead, would enhance the integrity of the hair colored by these compositions.

Example 5 - Evaluation of Hair Treated with Compositions 1 A and 1 H

[0279] Fiber integrity of hair treated with inventive compositions 1 A and 1 H was evaluated by tensile testing (MTT testing) in comparison hair treated with comparative composition C1 , where no bonding agent is included, in the same ways described in Example 3D for testing composition 1 G. Compositions 1 A and 1 H include lactic acid and arginine in different amounts, where the amount of lactic acid was less than the amount of arginine.

[0280] Obtained results showed that hair respectively treated with mixtures 1A+D and 1 H+D had surprisingly significantly higher elastic modulus, plateau stress, and break stress compared to the hair treated with C1 +D, indicating that compositions 1A and 1 H improve fiber integrity of the treated hair. Unexpectedly, the beneficial effects lasted after the treated hair was shampooed at least once.

[0281] The results of the studies in Examples 3-5 demonstrate the surprising and unexpected synergistic benefits provided by bonding systems disclosed herein, even when hair is subjected to harsh chemical treatments that would be expected to decrease the hair elasticity and strength.

[0282] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the compositions and methods according to the disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the disclosure cover such modifications and variations and their equivalents.

Claims

1 . A hair color-altering base composition comprising:

(a) a bonding system comprising:

(i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from lactic acid and/or salts thereof; and

(ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from amino acids and/or salts thereof;

(b) at least one fatty alcohol;

(c) at least one fatty acid;

(d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside;

(e) at least one alkalizing agent; and

(f) water; wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1 :5 to about 5:1 .

2. The hair color-altering base composition of claim 1 , wherein the total amount of lactic acid and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.1 % to about 5%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 4%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 3%, most preferably from about 1 % to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

3. The hair color-altering base composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) ranges from about 0.1 % to about 10%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 9%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 8%, most preferably from about 1% to about 7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

4. The hair color-altering base composition of any one of claims 1 -3, wherein the second bonding agent is chosen from glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof.

5. The hair color-altering base composition of any one of claims 1 -4, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1 :4 to about 4:1 , preferably from about 1 :3 to about 3:1 , more preferably from about 1 :2 to about 2:1 , most preferably from about 1 :1 .5 to about 1 .5:1 .

6. The hair color-altering base composition of any one of claims 1 -5, wherein the composition comprises: from about 0.5% to about 5% of lactic acid; from about 1% to about 7% of arginine; and from about 1% to about 5% of glycine; wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1 :3 to about 3:1 , and wherein all amounts are by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

7. A hair color-altering base composition comprising:

(a) a bonding system comprising:

(i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from citric acid and/or salts thereof; and

(ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from amino acids, amino sulfonic acids, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof;

(b) at least one fatty alcohol;

(c) at least one fatty acid;

(d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside;

(e) at least one alkalizing agent; and

(f) water; wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1 :1 to about 2:1 .

8. The hair color-altering base composition of claim 7, wherein the total amount of citric acid and/or salts thereof ranges from about 0.1 % to about 5%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 4%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 3%, most preferably from about 1 .5% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

9. The hair color-altering base composition of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the total amount of the second bonding agent(s) ranges from about 0.1 % to about 12%, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 8%, most preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

10. The hair color-altering base composition of any one of claims 7-9, wherein the second bonding agent is chosen from glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof.

11 . The hair color-altering base composition of any one of claims 7-10, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1.2:1 to about 2:1 , preferably from about 1 .4:1 to about 2:1 , more preferably from about 1 .6:1 to about 2:1 , most preferably from about 1 .8:1 to about 2:1 .

12. A hair color-altering base composition comprising:

(a) a bonding system comprising:

(i) at least one first bonding agent chosen from alpha-hydroxy acids comprising at least three hydrogen donor carboxyl groups and/or salts thereof;

(ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from glycine and/or salts thereof; and

(ill) optionally, at least one third bonding agent chosen from amino sulfonic acids and/or salts thereof;

(b) at least one fatty alcohol;

(c) at least one fatty acid;

(d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside;

(e) at least one alkalizing agent; and (f) water; wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) is greater than 1 :5 and less than 1 :1 .

13. The hair color-altering base composition of claim 12, wherein the total amount of the first bonding agent(s) ranges from about 0.1 % to about 0.6%, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 0.4%, most preferably from about 0.1 % to about 0.3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

14. The hair color-altering base composition of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the total amount of glycine and salts thereof ranges from about 0.1% to about 2%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 2%, more preferably from not less than 0.2% to not more than 1.99%, most preferably from not less than 0.2% to not more than 0.99%by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

15. The hair color-altering base composition of any one of claims 12-14, wherein the at least one first bonding agent is chosen from citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, propane-1 ,2, 3-tricarboxylic acid, benzene-1 ,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, agaric acid, trimesic acid, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof, preferably citric acid and/or salts thereof.

16. The hair color-altering base composition of any one of claims 12-15, comprising a third bonding agent chosen from taurine and/or salts thereof.

17. The hair color-altering base composition of any one of claims 12-16, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about from about 1 :1.1 to about 1 :4.9, preferably from about 1 :1 .5 to about 1 :4.5, more preferably from about 1 :2 to about 1 :4.

18. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, further comprising from about 0.0001% to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one hair coloring agent chosen from oxidative dyes, couplers, or combinations of two or more thereof.

19. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, wherein: the at least one fatty alcohol is chosen from decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, linalool, oleyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, cis-4-t-butylcyclohexanol, myricyl alcohol, or mixtures of two or more thereof; and the total amount of fatty alcohol(s) ranges from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

20. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, wherein: the at least one fatty acid is chosen from myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, arichidonic acid, oleic acid, isostearic acid, sebacic acid, or mixtures of two or more thereof; and the total amount of fatty acid(s) ranges from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

21. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, further comprising at least one vegetable oil, wherein the total amount of vegetable oil(s) ranges from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

22. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, wherein the total amount of alkyl polyglucoside(s) ranges from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

23. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, wherein: the at least one alkalizing agent is chosen from ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, alkanolamines, salts thereof, or mixtures thereof; and the total amount of alkalizing agent(s) ranges from about 2% to about 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

24. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, further comprising at least one thickening agent, wherein the total amount of thickening agent(s) ranges from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

25. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, further comprising at least one polyol, wherein the total amount of polyol(s) is at least 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

26. The hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition is free or essentially free of cationic polymers.

27. A composition for altering the color of hair comprising a hair color-altering base composition of any preceding claim and at least one oxidizing agent.

28. A process for making a hair color-altering composition comprising mixing a hair color-altering base composition of one of claims 1 -26 with a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent.

29. A composition for altering the color of hair comprising:

(a) a bonding system comprising:

(ii) at least one second bonding agent chosen from amino acids and/or salts thereof; (b) at least one fatty alcohol;

(c) at least one fatty acid;

(d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside;

(e) at least one alkalizing agent;

(f) water; and

(g) at least one oxidizing agent, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1 :5 to about 5:1 .

30. The composition for altering the color of hair of claim 29, wherein the second bonding agent is chosen from glycine, arginine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof.

31 . The composition for altering the color of hair of claim 29 or claim 30, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1 :4 to about 4:1 , preferably from about 1 :3 to about 3:1 , more preferably from about 1 :2 to about 2:1 , most preferably from about 1 :1 .5 to about 1.5:1.

32. A composition for altering the color of hair comprising:

(a) a bonding system comprising:

(b) at least one fatty alcohol;

(c) at least one fatty acid;

(d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside;

(e) at least one alkalizing agent;

(f) water; and

(g) at least one oxidizing agent, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1 :1 to about 2:1

33. The composition for altering the color of hair of claim 32, wherein the second bonding agent is chosen from glycine, arginine, taurine, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof.

34. The composition for altering the color of hair of claim 32 or claim 33, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about 1.2:1 to about 2:1 , preferably from about 1.4:1 to about 2:1 , more preferably from about 1 .6:1 to about 2:1 , most preferably from about 1 .8:1 to about 2:1 .

35. A composition for altering the color of hair comprising:

(a) a bonding system comprising:

(b) at least one fatty alcohol;

(c) at least one fatty acid;

(d) at least one alkyl polyglucoside;

(e) at least one alkalizing agent;

(f) water; and

(g) at least one oxidizing agent, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) is greater than 1 :5 and less than 1 :1 .

36. The composition for altering the color of hair of claim 35, wherein the at least one first bonding agent is chosen from citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, propane- 1 ,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, benzene-1 ,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, agaric acid, trimesic acid, salts thereof, or combinations of two or more thereof, preferably citric acid and/or salts thereof. 7. The composition for altering the color of hair of claim 35 or claim 36, comprising a third bonding agent chosen from taurine and/or salts thereof.

38. The composition for altering the color of hair of any one of claims 35-37, wherein the weight ratio of the total amount of (a)(i) to the total amount of (a)(ii) ranges from about from about 1 :1.1 to about 1 :4.9, preferably from about 1 :1 .5 to about 1 :4.5, more preferably from about 1 :2 to about 1 :4.

39. The composition for altering the color of hair of any of claims 29-38, wherein the composition is free or essentially free of cationic polymers.

40. The composition for altering the color of hair of any of claims 29-39, further comprising from about 0.0001% to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one hair coloring agent chosen from oxidative dyes, couplers, or combinations of two or more thereof.

41 . The composition for altering the color of hair of any of claims 29-40, wherein the at least one fatty alcohol is chosen from decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, linalool, oleyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, cis-4-t-butylcyclohexanol, myricyl alcohol, or mixtures of two or more thereof.

42. The composition for altering the color of hair of any of claims 29-41 , wherein the at least one fatty acid is chosen from myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, arichidonic acid, oleic acid, isostearic acid, sebacic acid, or mixtures of two or more thereof.

43. The composition for altering the color of hair of any of claims 29-42, further comprising at least one additional component chosen from vegetable oils, thickening agents, polyols, or combinations of two or more thereof.

44. A process for altering the color of hair comprising applying to the hair a composition for altering the color of hair of any of claims 29-43.

45. A process for reducing and/or preventing damage to hair during a process for altering the color of the hair comprising applying to the hair a composition for altering the color of hair of any of claims 29-43.