WO2024029576A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024029576A1 WO2024029576A1 PCT/JP2023/028317 JP2023028317W WO2024029576A1 WO 2024029576 A1 WO2024029576 A1 WO 2024029576A1 JP 2023028317 W JP2023028317 W JP 2023028317W WO 2024029576 A1 WO2024029576 A1 WO 2024029576A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
- C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/027—Polyimide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element.
- Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as display units for personal computers, smartphones, mobile phones, televisions, etc.
- a liquid crystal display device usually includes a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a display element substrate and a color filter substrate, a pixel electrode and a common electrode that apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, and an alignment film that controls the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer. , thin film transistors (TFTs), etc. that switch electrical signals supplied to pixel electrodes.
- driving methods for liquid crystal molecules vertical electric field methods such as TN method and VA method, and horizontal electric field methods such as IPS (In Plane Switching) driving method and FFS (Fringe Field Switching) driving method are known.
- the liquid crystal alignment film which is the most widely used industrially, is a film made of polyamic acid and/or polyimide imidized with polyamic acid formed on an electrode substrate. It is manufactured by performing a so-called rubbing process. Rubbing treatment is a simple, highly productive and industrially useful method. However, as liquid crystal display elements become more sophisticated, have higher definition, and become larger in size, scratches on the surface of the alignment film that occur during the rubbing process, dust generation, the effects of mechanical force and static electricity, and furthermore, Various problems such as non-uniformity have become clear. As an alignment treatment method that replaces rubbing treatment, a photoalignment method is known that imparts liquid crystal alignment ability by irradiating polarized radiation.
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Documents 1 to 4 As photoalignment methods, methods using photoisomerization reactions, methods using photocrosslinking reactions, methods using photolysis reactions, etc. have been proposed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Documents 1 to 4). .
- small display terminals such as high-definition tablet PCs and car navigation systems have become mainstream, and the demand for higher quality liquid crystal display elements has increased even more than ever before.
- the amount of light irradiation is a factor that affects energy costs and production speed, so it is preferable that the alignment treatment can be performed with a small amount of light irradiation.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent can be obtained using a conventional liquid crystal aligning agent containing a first polyamic acid obtained using substituted cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride as a raw material and a second polyamic acid. It has been found that the in-plane contrast of the liquid crystal alignment film produced by the present invention is not necessarily stable in a low dose region of less than 450 mJ/cm 2 . Therefore, in order to stabilize the in-plane contrast, we reviewed the raw material components of the first polyamic acid and considered a new liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide and polyamic acid. started to occur.
- the pixel electrode has an even finer structure, and the surface on which the pixel electrode is formed has a higher density of unevenness per unit area.
- a liquid crystal alignment film is usually formed by applying a liquid crystal alignment agent onto a pixel electrode, but it is more preferable that the resulting coating film has a uniform thickness from the viewpoint of improving display quality. It is further preferable that the film surface has few irregularities. It cannot be said that the compositions considered above will necessarily meet future demands for display characteristics, and there is a concern that the display quality will deteriorate.
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film with stable in-plane contrast in a low dose region of less than 450 mJ/cm 2 , the liquid crystal aligning film, and the liquid crystal aligning film.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element using a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal alignment film formed from a specific liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide and polyamic acid obtained using substituted cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride or its derivative as a raw material also has a less uneven surface.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film, the liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal aligning film.
- the present inventor conducted extensive research and found that the above problems could be solved by using a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a specific component, leading to the completion of the present invention.
- the present invention has the following aspects.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by containing the following components (A) and (B).
- A) Component Either or both of the repeating unit (a1) represented by the following formula (1) and the imidized structural unit of the repeating unit (a1), and the repeating unit represented by the following formula (2) (a2) and either one or both of the imidized structural units of the repeating unit (a2),
- the total of the repeating unit (a1) and the imidized structural unit of the repeating unit (a1) is 10 to 40 mol% of the total repeating units possessed by the polyimide (A),
- the above polyimide, wherein the total of the repeating unit (a2) and the imidized structural unit of the repeating unit (a2) is 60 to 90 mol% of the total repeating units possessed by the polyimide (A).
- B) component polyamic acid (B) having a repeating unit (b1) represented by the following formula (5)
- R and Z each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- any hydrogen atom on the benzene ring may be replaced with a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group. * represents a bond.
- X 5 is a tetravalent organic group
- Y 5 is a divalent organic group.
- Z has the same meaning as Z in the above formula (1).
- halogen atoms include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms. In either case, * represents a bond.
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group
- Fmoc represents a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film with stable in-plane contrast in a low dose region of less than 450 mJ/cm 2 , the liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display using the liquid crystal aligning film element can be provided. Furthermore, a liquid crystal alignment film formed from a specific liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide and polyamic acid obtained using substituted cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride or its derivative as a raw material also has a less uneven surface. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent from which a liquid crystal aligning film can be obtained, the liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal aligning film.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example of a horizontal electric field liquid crystal display element including a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains polyimide (A).
- Polyimide (A) has either or both of a repeating unit (a1) represented by the above formula (1) and an imidized structural unit of the repeating unit (a1). Note that the polyimide (A) may be composed of one type or two or more types of these repeating units.
- R and Z in the above formula (1) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group for R and Z in the above formula (1) is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the methylene group of the hydrocarbon group is -O-, -S-, -CO- , -COO-, -COS-, -NR 3 -, -CO-NR 3 -, -Si(R 3 ) 2 - (wherein R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms) (If there is a plurality of R 3 's, each R 3 may be the same or different.), a monovalent group A substituted with -SO 2 -, etc., such a monovalent carbonized At least one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atom of the hydrogen group or monovalent group A is a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc.), a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, a nitro
- the monovalent organic group for R and Z in the above formula (1) includes an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, Boc, or Fmoc.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a methyl group is even more preferable.
- R and Z are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the polyimide (A) of the present invention has either or both of a repeating unit (a2) represented by the above formula (2) and an imidized structural unit of the repeating unit (a2). Note that the polyimide (A) may be composed of one type or two or more types of these repeating units.
- Preferred embodiments of R and Z in the above formula (2) include the structure exemplified in the above formula (1), and more preferred embodiments are also the same as the structure exemplified in the above formula (1).
- Any hydrogen atom on the benzene ring in the above formula (2m) is a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom) or a monovalent organic group (for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms). , an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, etc.).
- a halogen atom for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom
- a monovalent organic group for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms an alkynyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms
- the total of the repeating unit (a1) and the imidized structural units of the repeating unit (a1) is 10 to 40 mol% of the total repeating units possessed by the polyimide (A), and 10 It is preferably 30 to 30 mol%, more preferably 10 to 20 mol%.
- the total of the repeating unit (a2) and the imidized structural units of the repeating unit (a2) is 60 to 90 mol% of the total repeating units possessed by the polyimide (A), and 70 More preferably 90 mol% and most preferably 80 to 90 mol%.
- the polyimide (A) further contains the following formula ( A repeating unit (ar) represented by Ar), a repeating unit (a2') represented by the following formula (2'), a repeating unit (a3) represented by the following formula (3), and imidized structures thereof It may be a polyimide having at least one selected from the group consisting of units. Note that the repeating units (ar), (a2') to (a3), and these imidized structural units may be one type or two or more types.
- Y 2 represents a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (O) (excluding the divalent organic group represented by the above formula (2m)).
- Ar each independently represents a benzene ring, a biphenyl structure, or a naphthalene ring. Any hydrogen atom on the ring of Ar may be replaced with a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- X 2' and X 3 represent a tetravalent organic group
- Y 2' represents a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (O2)
- Y3 represents a divalent organic group having a group "-N(D)-(D represents a carbamate protecting group)" in the molecule and having 6 to 30 carbon atoms excluding D.R , and Z have the same meanings as in the above formula (1).
- m is an integer of 0 to 2
- Ar 2' represents an unsubstituted or substituted benzene ring.
- m is 0, Ar 2' represents an unsubstituted benzene ring, and when m is 1 to 2, Ar 2' each independently represents an unsubstituted benzene ring or an unsubstituted benzene ring on the benzene ring.
- Any hydrogen atom may be a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group (for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, a carbon containing a fluorine atom) Represents a benzene ring substituted with a monovalent organic group of numbers 1 to 3, etc.).
- Q 2' represents a single bond or -O-. When a plurality of Ar 2' and Q 2' exist, they may be the same or different. * represents a bond.
- examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- examples of the monovalent organic group include alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, and isopropyl group; alkenyl groups having 2 to 3 carbon atoms such as vinyl group, propenyl group, and butenyl group.
- Alkynyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms such as ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group; Fluorine atom-containing group such as fluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, pentafluoropropyl group
- Examples include monovalent organic groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the divalent organic group represented by the above formula (O) is a divalent organic group represented by any of the following formulas (o-1) to (o-15). is preferred.
- m is preferably 2.
- m is more preferably 0 or 2.
- the divalent organic group represented by the above formula (O2) may be a divalent organic group represented by any of the following formulas (o2-1) to (o2-12) from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention.
- Organic groups are preferred.
- D of Y 3 in the above formula (3) represents a carbamate-based protecting group, and examples of the carbamate-based protecting group include Boc and Fmoc.
- Specific examples of Y 3 include a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (Dx).
- Q 5 is a single bond, -(CH 2 ) n - (n is 1 to 20), or any -CH 2 - of the -(CH 2 ) n - is -O- , -Si(CH 3 ) 2 -, -COO-, -OCO-, -NQ 9 -, -NQ 9 -CO-, -CO-NQ 9 -, -NQ 9 -CO-NQ 10 -, -NQ 9 It is a group substituted with -COO- or -O-COO-, and Q 9 and Q 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- Q 6 and Q 7 each independently represent a group having -H, -NHD, -N(D) 2 , -NHD, or a group having -N(D) 2 .
- Q 6 has a carbamate-based protecting group
- Q 6 and Q 7 represent a group having -NHD or a group having -N(D) 2
- the preferred carbon number of Q 6 and Q 7 excluding D is 1 to 10, and more preferably is 1 to 8.
- the monovalent organic groups of Q 9 and Q 10 above include an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom-containing monovalent organic group.
- -3 monovalent organic groups Boc or Fmoc.
- Specific examples of an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom include the above formula ( The same structure as the monovalent organic group exemplified in O) can be mentioned.
- Y 3 include divalent organic groups represented by any of the following formulas (Y3-1) to (Y3-9) from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention.
- X 2 ' and X 3 in the above formulas (2') and (3) in addition to the tetravalent organic group represented by the following formula (g), ), a tetravalent organic group derived from an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and the like. From the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention, it is more preferable that X 2' and X 3 are tetravalent organic groups represented by the following formula (g), and still more preferably, R 1 and R 4 are It is a tetravalent organic group represented by (g), which is a methyl group and R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom. It represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and at least one of R 1 to R 4 represents a group other than a hydrogen atom in the above definition.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 4 in the above formula (g) include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, and sec-butyl group. , tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group and the like.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 4 mentioned above include vinyl group, propenyl group, butenyl group, and these may be linear or branched.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 4 above include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 1-butynyl group, 2-butynyl group, 3-butynyl group, etc. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and containing a fluorine atom in R 1 to R 4 above include a fluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a pentafluoropropyl group, and the like.
- the above-mentioned aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of a carboxyl group bonded to an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring.
- an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring.
- Specific examples include a tetravalent organic group represented by any of the following formulas (Xa-1) to (Xa-2), a tetravalent organic group represented by any of the following formulas (Xr-1) to (Xr-7), Examples include tetravalent organic groups.
- x and y are each independently a single bond, ether, carbonyl, ester, alkanediyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1,4-phenylene, sulfonyl, or amide bond.
- j and k are 0 or 1 )
- the tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (Xa-1) or (Xa-2) may have a structure represented by any of the following formulas (Xa-3) to (Xa-19).
- the polyimide (A) has a repeating unit represented by the following formula (4). It may also be a polyimide further having a unit (a4).
- X 4 represents a tetravalent organic group
- Y 4 represents a divalent organic group.
- R and Z have the same meanings as R and Z in the above formula (1), respectively.
- Y 4 has a group "-N(D)-(D represents a carbamate protecting group)" in the molecule, and is a divalent organic group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms excluding D and the above formula.
- Y 4 is a 2-methyl-1,4-phenylene group, a divalent organic group represented by the above formula (2m), and a divalent organic group represented by the above formula (o). Represents a structure other than a group.
- X 4 include the tetravalent organic groups exemplified above for X 2' .
- X 4 is a tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (g) or one of the above formulas (X-1) to (X-25).
- a tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (g) is preferable, and a tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (g) is more preferable.
- divalent organic group of Y4 include the divalent organic groups exemplified in the above formula (O), as well as the diamine-derived diamine groups described below (two amino groups from the diamine). (divalent organic groups excluding).
- diamines represented by the following formulas (g-1) to (g-9) Diamine having an orienting group; diamine having a urea bond such as diamines represented by the following formulas (u-1) to (u-3) (however, the diamine does not have a carbamate-based protective group in the molecule) ; Diamines having an amide bond such as diamines represented by the following formulas (u-4) to (u-7) (However, the diamines do not have a carbamate-based
- the amino group is not bonded to a carbamate protecting group); 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4, 6-diaminoresorcinol; 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid or diamine compounds represented by the following formulas (3b-1) to (3b-4), etc.
- Diamine having a carboxyl group 4-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)aniline, 4-(2-aminoethyl)aniline, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 1-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3, 3-trimethyl-1H-inden-5-amine, 1-(4-aminophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-6-amine; methacrylic acid 2-(2, Diamines with terminal photopolymerizable groups such as 4-diaminophenoxy)ethyl and 2,4-diamino-N,N-diallylaniline; cholestanyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestenyloxy-3,5- Diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, cholestanyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, cholestenyl 3,5-diamin
- a 1 is a single bond, -CH 2 -, -C 2 H 4 -, -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, -CF 2 -, -C(CF 3 ) 2 -, -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N(CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -COO-, -OCO-, -CON( CH 3 )- or -N(CH 3 )CO-, m1 and m2 are each independently from 0 to 4, and the sum of m1 and m2 is from 1 to 4.
- m3 and m4 are each independently 1 to 5.
- a 2 represents a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- m5 is 1 to 5.
- a 3 and A 4 each independently represent a single bond, -CH 2 -, -C 2 H 4 -, -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, -CF 2 -, - C(CF 3 ) 2 -, -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N(CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -COO- , -OCO-, -CON(CH 3 )- or -N(CH 3 )-CO-, and m6 is 1-4.
- X v1 to X v4 and X p1 to X p2 each independently represent -(CH 2 ) a - (a is 1 to 15), -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON(CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 OCO-, -COO-, or -OCO-, and X v5 is Represents -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 OCO-, -COO-, or -OCO-.
- X a is a single bond, -O-, -NH-, -O-(CH 2 ) m -O- (m is 1 to 6), -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, -CO-, -(CH 2 ) m - (m is 1 to 6), -SO 2 -, -OC(CH 3 ) 2 -, -CO-(CH 2 ) m - (m is 1 to 6) ), -NH-(CH 2 ) m - (m is 1 to 6), -SO 2 -(CH 2 ) m - (m is 1 to 6), -CONH-(CH 2 ) m - (m is 1 to 6), -CONH- (CH 2 ) m -NHCO- (m is 1 to 6), -COO- (CH 2 ) m -OCO- (m is 1 to 6), -CONH-, -NH-(CH 2 ) m -NH- (m represents 1
- nitrogen atom-containing heterocycle examples include pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, indole, benzimidazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, phthalazine, triazine, carbazole, acridine,
- Examples include piperidine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneimine, and the like. Among these, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, piperidine, piperazine, quinoline, carbazole or acridine are preferred.
- the secondary amino group and tertiary amino group that the diamine having a nitrogen atom-containing structure may have are represented by the following formula (n), for example.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- “*1" represents a bond bonded to a hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group for R in the above formula (n) include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, and propyl groups; cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl; aryl groups such as phenyl and methylphenyl groups; Examples include groups.
- R is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- diamines having a nitrogen atom-containing structure include 2,6-diaminopyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, 3,6-diaminocarbazole, N-methyl-3,6 -Diaminocarbazole, N-ethyl-3,6-diaminocarbazole, N-phenyl-3,6-diaminocarbazole, 1,4-bis-(4-aminophenyl)-piperazine, 3,6-diaminoacridine, the following formula Examples include compounds represented by (Dp-1) to (Dp-8) or compounds represented by formulas (z-1) to (z-13) below.
- polyimide (A) contains repeating units other than repeating units (a1), repeating units (a2), and at least one imidized structural unit of these repeating units, repeating units (a1), repeating units (a2), and The total of these repeating units and at least one imidized structural unit is more preferably 99 mol% or less, even more preferably 95 mol% or less, of the total repeating units that polyimide (A) has. Most preferably, it is less than mol%.
- the polyimide (A) contains at least one of the repeating unit (a3) and the imidized structural unit of the repeating unit (a3), from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention, the polyimide (A) contains the repeating unit (a3). ) and the imidized structure of repeating unit (a3) in a total amount of 1 to 30 mol% of all repeating units, more preferably 1 to 25 mol%.
- Y 4 does not have a side chain structure having 4 or more carbon atoms. It is preferable to be composed of at least one of the repeating unit (a4), which is a divalent organic group, and its imidized structural unit.
- Examples of the divalent organic group having no side chain structure having 4 or more carbon atoms include the diamines listed above, 2-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethyl methacrylate, 2,4-diamino-N,N - Diallylaniline, diamine having the above steroid skeleton, diamine represented by the above formulas (V-1) to (V-6), 1-(4-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)-2- Hydroxy-2-methylpropanone, 2-(4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl)phenoxy)ethyl-3,5-diaminobenzoate, N-phenyl-3,6-diaminocarbazole, (z-4 ) and diamine-derived divalent organic groups selected from the group consisting of diamines excluding diamines represented by (z-6) and the like.
- the polyimide (A) contains at least one of the repeating unit (a4) and the imidized structural unit of the repeating unit (a4)
- the polyimide (A) contains the repeating unit (a4).
- the imidized structure of the repeating unit (a4) in a total amount of 1 to 30 mol% of all repeating units, more preferably 1 to 25 mol%.
- polyimide (A) is a tetravalent polyimide represented by the above formula (g) in which R 1 and R 4 are methyl groups and R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
- the total of repeating units having an organic group is 70 mol% or more of all repeating units having a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a derivative thereof that the polyimide (A) has. , more preferably 80 mol% or more, and most preferably 100 mol%.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains polyamic acid (B).
- the polyamic acid (B) may be composed of one type or two or more types.
- the polyamic acid (B) may contain an imidized imidide, the content of the imidide in the polyamic acid (B) is preferably less than 30 mol%, and preferably less than 10 mol%. More preferred.
- the polyamic acid (B) has a repeating unit (b1) represented by the above formula (5). Note that the number of repeating units constituting the polyamic acid (B) may be one type or two or more types.
- X 5 is a tetravalent organic group
- Y 5 is a divalent organic group
- Z has the same meaning as Z in the above formula (1).
- the tetravalent organic group in X 5 above is a tetravalent organic group derived from an acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a tetravalent organic group derived from an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or Examples include tetravalent organic groups derived from aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.
- the alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an alicyclic structure. However, none of these four carboxy groups is bonded to an aromatic ring. Further, it is not necessary to be composed only of an alicyclic structure, and a part thereof may have a chain hydrocarbon structure or an aromatic ring structure.
- Acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups bonded to a chain hydrocarbon structure. However, it is not necessary to consist only of a chain hydrocarbon structure, and a part thereof may have an alicyclic structure or an aromatic ring structure.
- the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is not particularly limited as long as it is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an aromatic ring.
- the acyclic aliphatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride includes a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure, and a cyclohexane ring structure.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydride having at least one partial structure selected from the group consisting of a ring structure is preferred.
- the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a benzene ring from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention.
- X 5 is a tetravalent organic group having at least one partial structure selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure, and a cyclohexane ring structure. More preferred. More preferable specific examples of X 5 include the tetravalent organic groups exemplified for X 4 above.
- X 5 is a tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (g), a tetravalent organic group represented by any of the above formulas (X-1) to (X-25), and a tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (X-25).
- Tetravalent organic groups represented by Xa-1) to (Xa-2) or tetravalent organic groups represented by the above formulas (Xr-1) to (Xr-7) (these collectively refer to specific (Also referred to as a tetravalent organic group.)
- the polyamic acid (B) contains repeating units in which X 5 is the above-mentioned specific tetravalent organic group in an amount of 5 mol% of the total repeating units contained in the polyamic acid (B).
- the content is preferably 10 mol% or more, and more preferably 10 mol% or more.
- Examples of the divalent organic group for Y 5 above include the divalent organic groups exemplified for Y 4 above.
- Y 5 is a diamine having the above urea bond, a diamine having the above amide bond, a diamine having the above nitrogen atom-containing structure, 2,4-diamino Phenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, diamine having the above carboxy group, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4 Divalent organic groups derived from '-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, p-phenylenediamine, or m-phenylenediamine (these are collectively
- the polyamic acid (B) has two or more types of repeating units represented by the above formula (5), and is a diamine having the above urea bond, a diamine having the above amide bond, or the above nitrogen atom. It is more preferable to include a repeating unit having Y 5 which is a divalent organic group derived from a diamine having a containing structure and a repeating unit having Y 5 which is a divalent organic group derived from another diamine.
- Polyamic acid (B) contains repeating units in which Y 5 is the above-mentioned specific divalent organic group in an amount of 1 mol% or more of all repeating units contained in polyamic acid (B), from the viewpoint of reducing afterimages derived from residual DC. It is preferably contained, more preferably 5 mol% or more, even more preferably 10 mol% or more, particularly preferably 20 mol% or more.
- the content ratio of polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B) is preferably 10/90 to 90/10, and 20 /80 to 90/10 is more preferable, and 20/80 to 80/20 is even more preferable.
- ⁇ Method for producing polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B)> Polyamic acid ester, polyamic acid, polyimide which is an imidized product of these, or polyamic acid (B) which is a precursor of polyimide (A) in the present invention is, for example, as described in WO2013/157586. It can be synthesized by known methods.
- tetracarboxylic acid derivative component condensation polymerization
- tetracarboxylic acid derivative component examples include tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a derivative thereof (tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic acid diester, or tetracarboxylic acid diester dihalide).
- a part of the polyimide (A) contains an amic acid structure
- a polymer having an amic acid structure can be obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the produced polymer.
- the diamine component and tetracarboxylic acid derivative component for obtaining the polyimide precursor of polyimide (A) are the above-described formula (1), formula (2), formula (Ar), and formula (2), respectively, which polyimide (A) has. '), formula (3), and formula (4), are selected and used so as to obtain the structure of the repeating unit.
- the diamine component has a structure of -N(Z)-Y 1 -N(Z)- (Y 1 is 2 -Methyl-1,4-phenylene group.
- Z is the same as above.
- Carboxylic acid derivatives are used.
- polyimide (A) having repeating units represented by formula (2), formula (ar), formula (2'), formula (3), and formula (4) that polyimide (A) has
- the diamine component and tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used in are selected according to the diamine and tetracarboxylic acid derivative used in obtaining the polyimide precursor having the repeating unit represented by the above formula (1), respectively. and used.
- the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component for obtaining the polyamic acid (B) are selected so as to obtain the repeating unit structure represented by the above formula (5) that the polyamic acid (B) has. used. That is, as the diamine component, a diamine having the structure -N(Z)-Y 5 -N(Z)- (the definitions of Y 5 and Z are the same as above) is used, and the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component As the compound, a tetracarboxylic acid derivative having the structure of X 5 (the definition of X 5 is the same as above) is used.
- the above-mentioned solvent when reacting the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N , N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
- the polymer has high solvent solubility, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, or the following formulas [D-1] to [D-3] may be used.
- the solvents shown can be used.
- D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- solvents may be used alone or in combination. Furthermore, even a solvent that does not dissolve the polymer may be mixed with the above solvent and used as long as the produced polymer does not precipitate.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass. It is also possible to carry out the reaction at a high concentration in the initial stage and then add a solvent.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component is 0.8 to 1.2. It is preferable. As in normal polycondensation reactions, the closer this molar ratio is to 1.0, the larger the molecular weights of the produced polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B) become.
- Polyamic acid esters can be produced by, for example, [I] a method of reacting the polyamic acid obtained by the above method with an esterifying agent, [II] a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine, [III] a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine, and [III] a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine. It can be obtained by a known method such as a method of reacting a diester dihalide with a diamine.
- Methods for obtaining polyimide include thermal imidization, in which a solution containing a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester obtained in the above reaction is directly heated, or catalytic imidization, in which a catalyst is added to the solution.
- the polyimide (A) some or all of the repeating units of the polyimide precursor are ring-closed.
- the imidization rate of polyimide (A) is more preferably 30% or more, still more preferably 50% or more, and most preferably 60% or more. Moreover, the imidization rate of polyimide (A) is more preferably 95% or less, and even more preferably 90% or less.
- ⁇ Polymer solution viscosity/molecular weight> From the viewpoint of workability, the polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B) of the present invention have a solution viscosity of, for example, 10 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s when made into a solution with a concentration of 10 to 15% by mass. It is preferred, but not particularly limited.
- the solution viscosity (mPa ⁇ s) of the above polymer is determined by the concentration of 10 to 15% by mass prepared using a good solvent for the polymer (for example, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc.). This is a value measured at 25° C. using an E-type rotational viscometer for the combined solution.
- a good solvent for the polymer for example, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in terms of polystyrene is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably 2,000. ⁇ 300,000. Further, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) expressed as the ratio of Mw to the number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of polystyrene measured by GPC is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less. By having a molecular weight within this range, good alignment and stability of the liquid crystal display element can be ensured.
- ⁇ Terminal sealing agent> When synthesizing the polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B) of the present invention, an appropriate end-capping agent is used together with the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic acid derivative component and diamine component to form an end-capped polymer. Good too.
- the terminal-capped polymer has the effects of improving the film hardness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by coating and improving the adhesion characteristics between the sealant and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- terminals of the polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B) in the present invention include amino groups, carboxy groups, acid anhydride groups, and derivatives thereof.
- Amino groups, carboxy groups, acid anhydride groups, and isocyanate groups can be obtained by ordinary condensation reactions or by capping the terminals using the following terminal capping agents. The same can be obtained using a blocking agent.
- terminal capping agent examples include acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, nadic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, 3- (3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-3,4-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 4-ethynyl phthalic anhydride, etc.
- dicarbonate diester compounds such as di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and diallyl dicarbonate
- chlorocarbonyl compounds such as acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, and nicotinic acid chloride
- aniline 2-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol
- 4-aminosalicylic acid 5-aminosalicylic acid, 6-aminosalicylic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, cyclohexylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine , n-heptylamine, n-octylamine, etc.
- having unsaturated bonds such as ethyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, naphthyl isocyanate, 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate, and 2-methacryloyloxye
- the proportion of the terminal capping agent used is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mole, more preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mole, based on the total of 100 parts by mole of the diamine component used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B).
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain other polymers in addition to polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B).
- polymers include polyimides other than polyimide (A), polyimide precursors other than polyamic acid (B), polysiloxanes, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyorganosiloxanes, cellulose derivatives, polyacetals, Polystyrene derivatives, poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymers, poly(isobutylene-maleic anhydride) copolymers, poly(vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymers, poly(styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivatives , a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylate, and the like.
- poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymers include SMA1000, 2000, 3000 (manufactured by Cray Valley), GSM301 (manufactured by Gifu Cerac Manufacturing Co., Ltd.), and poly(isobutylene-maleic anhydride) copolymers include Specific examples of poly(vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymers include Isoban-600 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), and specific examples of poly(vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymers include Gantrez AN-139 (methyl vinyl ether anhydride). maleic acid resin (manufactured by Ashland).
- the other polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of other polymers is preferably 90 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 90 parts by mass, and further 20 to 80 parts by mass with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of the polymers contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. preferable.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent is used to produce a liquid crystal alignment film, and takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film. Also in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, it is preferable that it is a coating liquid containing the above-described polymer component and an organic solvent. At that time, the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be changed as appropriate depending on the thickness of the coating film to be formed. From the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, the content is preferably 1% by mass or more, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, the content is preferably 10% by mass or less. Particularly preferred polymer concentrations are 2 to 8% by weight.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as it can uniformly dissolve the polymer component.
- Specific examples include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethyllactamide, N,N-dimethylpropionamide, tetramethylurea, N,N-diethylformamide, N-methyl -2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 3-methoxy-N , N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, N-(n-propyl)-2-pyrrolidone, N-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide or ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferred.
- the content of the good solvent is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 80% by mass of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. .
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is a mixture of the above solvents and a solvent (also referred to as a poor solvent) that improves the coating properties and surface smoothness of the coating film when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a solvent also referred to as a poor solvent
- the content of the poor solvent is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, and particularly preferably 20 to 70% by mass of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the type and content of the poor solvent are appropriately selected depending on the liquid crystal aligning agent coating device, coating conditions, coating environment, and the like.
- poor solvents examples include diisobutyl carbinol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, and ethylene.
- Glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, or diisobutyl ketone are preferred.
- Preferred solvent combinations of good and poor solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent (hereinafter also referred to as additive components).
- additive components include adhesion aids for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate and the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealant, and compounds for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film (hereinafter referred to as ), compounds for promoting imidization, dielectrics and conductive substances for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film, and the like.
- the above-mentioned crosslinkable compounds include oxiranyl groups, oxetanyl groups, protected isocyanate groups, protected isothiocyanate groups, groups containing an oxazoline ring structure, groups containing Meldrum's acid structure, and cyclocarbonate groups.
- a compound having at least one type of group hereinafter also referred to as a crosslinkable group
- a crosslinkable group selected from the group consisting of the group represented by the following formula (d)
- a compound represented by the following formula (e) At least one type of compound selected from the group is mentioned. It is more preferable that the above-mentioned crosslinkable group and the group "-CH 2 -OR" in the following formula (e) have two or more in the molecule.
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or "*-CH 2 -OH".
- A represents an (m+n)-valent organic group having an aromatic ring
- R and R' each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- m is 1 to 6
- n is 0 to 4.
- Any hydrogen atom in the aromatic ring may be a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, It may be replaced with a fluoroalkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- * represents a bond.
- compounds having oxiranyl groups include compounds described in [0037] of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-338880 and compounds having a triazine ring in the skeleton described in WO2017/170483, etc.
- Examples include compounds having an oxiranyl group.
- N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-m-xylene diamine 1,3-bis(N,N-diglycidylaminomethyl)cyclohexane
- N,N,N',N'-tetra Nitrogen atoms of glycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-p-phenylenediamine, compounds represented by the following formulas (r-1) to (r-3), etc. It may be a compound containing.
- compounds having an oxetanyl group include compounds having two or more oxetanyl groups described in [0170] to [0175] of WO2011/132751.
- compounds having a protected isocyanate group include compounds having two or more protected isocyanate groups described in [0046] to [0047] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-224978, and [0119 of WO2015/141598]. ] to [0120], and compounds having three or more protected isocyanate groups may be mentioned, and compounds represented by the following formulas (bi-1) to (bi-3) may be mentioned.
- Specific examples of compounds having a protected isothiocyanate group include compounds having two or more protected isothiocyanate groups described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-200798.
- Specific examples of compounds having a group containing an oxazoline ring structure include compounds containing two or more oxazoline ring structures described in [0115] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-286597.
- Specific examples of compounds having a group containing a Meldrum's acid structure include compounds having two or more Meldrum's acid structures described in WO2012/091088.
- Examples of compounds having a cyclocarbonate group include compounds described in WO2011/155577.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms for R 2 and R 3 in the group represented by the above formula (d) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and an isopropyl group.
- the (m+n)-valent organic group having an aromatic ring in A of the above formula (e) is an (m+n)-valent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples include (m+n)-valent organic groups to which are bonded directly or via a linking group, and (m+n)-valent groups having an aromatic heterocycle.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include benzene and naphthalene.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocycle include aromatic heterocycles typified by a pyridine ring among the structures exemplified as the nitrogen atom-containing heterocycles.
- the above linking group includes an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, -NR- (R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the above alkylene group, and a divalent group. Or a trivalent cyclohexane ring, etc. can be mentioned.
- any hydrogen atom of the above alkylene group may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, or an organic group such as a trifluoromethyl group.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms for R and R' in the above formula (e) include the alkyl groups exemplified for R 1 to R 4 in the above formula (g).
- crosslinkable compounds examples include those disclosed on pages 53 [0105] to 55 [0116] of WO2015/060357.
- two or more types of crosslinkable compounds may be used in combination.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the content of the crosslinkable compound is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, so that the effects of the present invention can be improved. From the viewpoint of obtaining a suitable amount, the amount is more preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass.
- adhesion aids include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N -(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N -Phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl
- silane coupling agent When using a silane coupling agent, from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention, it is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, and More preferably, the amount is .1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the compound for promoting imidization includes a basic moiety (e.g., primary amino group, aliphatic heterocycle (e.g., pyrrolidine skeleton), aromatic heterocycle (e.g., imidazole ring, indole ring), or guanidino group, etc.) (however, the above-mentioned crosslinkable compounds and adhesion aids are excluded), or compounds in which the above-mentioned basic moieties are generated during firing are preferred. More preferred are compounds in which the basic moiety is generated during firing, and specific examples include compounds represented by the following formulas (B-1) to (B-17).
- the content of the compound for promoting imidization is more preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. .
- the solid content concentration (the ratio of the total mass of components other than the solvent of the liquid crystal aligning agent to the total mass of the liquid crystal aligning agent) in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is appropriately selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility, etc. , preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by weight.
- the particularly preferable solid content concentration range varies depending on the method used when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate.
- examples of the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate include a roll coater method, a spin coat method, a printing method, an inkjet method, and the like.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 4 to 10% by mass.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 1.5 to 4.5% by mass.
- the printing method it is particularly preferable that the solid content concentration is in the range of 3 to 9% by mass, and thereby the solution viscosity is in the range of 12 to 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solid content concentration is in the range of 1 to 5% by mass, and thereby the solution viscosity is in the range of 3 to 15 mPa ⁇ s.
- the temperature when preparing the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 10 to 50°C, more preferably 20 to 30°C.
- the liquid crystal aligning film of the present invention is obtained from the above liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be used as a horizontal alignment type or vertical alignment type (VA type) liquid crystal alignment film, but is especially suitable for horizontal alignment type liquid crystal display elements such as IPS drive type or FFS drive type. It is a liquid crystal alignment film. Moreover, it is preferably used for a liquid crystal alignment film for a photoalignment treatment method. In addition, it can be effectively applied to various technical applications, such as liquid crystal alignment films other than those mentioned above (liquid crystal alignment films for retardation films, liquid crystal alignment films for scanning antennas and liquid crystal array antennas, or transmission scattering type liquid crystals).
- liquid crystal alignment film for light control elements or other uses, such as protective films (e.g. protective films for color filters), spacer films, interlayer insulation films, antireflection films, wiring coating films, and antistatic films. It can also be applied to motor insulating films (gate insulating films for flexible displays), etc.
- protective films e.g. protective films for color filters
- spacer films interlayer insulation films
- antireflection films wiring coating films
- antistatic films antistatic films. It can also be applied to motor insulating films (gate insulating films for flexible displays), etc.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be produced, for example, by a method including the following steps (1) to (3), preferably steps (1) to (4).
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied to one surface of the substrate provided with the patterned transparent conductive film by an appropriate coating method such as a roll coater method, a spin coat method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or the like.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and in addition to glass substrates and silicon nitride substrates, plastic substrates such as acrylic substrates and polycarbonate substrates can also be used.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can also be used for the electrodes.
- Step (2) is a step of baking the liquid crystal alignment agent applied onto the substrate to form a film. After applying the liquid crystal aligning agent onto the substrate, the solvent is evaporated or the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester is thermally imidized using a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, or an IR (infrared ray) oven.
- a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, or an IR (infrared ray) oven.
- the drying and baking steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be performed at any temperature and time, and may be performed multiple times.
- the firing temperature can be, for example, 40 to 180°C. From the viewpoint of shortening the process, it may be carried out at a temperature of 40 to 150°C.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 10 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes.
- a step of firing at a temperature range of, for example, 150 to 300°C, preferably 150 to 250°C can be performed after the above baking step.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, but may be 5 to 40 minutes, preferably 5 to 30 minutes.
- Step (3) is a step in which the film obtained in step (2) is subjected to an alignment treatment, if necessary. That is, in a horizontal alignment type liquid crystal display element such as an IPS drive method or an FFS drive method, the coating film is subjected to an alignment ability imparting treatment. On the other hand, in a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element such as VA mode or PSA mode, the formed coating film can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film as it is, but the coating film may be subjected to alignment ability imparting treatment.
- Examples of the alignment treatment method for the liquid crystal alignment film include a rubbing treatment method and a photo-alignment treatment method, with the photo-alignment treatment method being more suitable.
- the photo-alignment treatment method the surface of the film-like material is irradiated with radiation (more preferably radiation polarized in a certain direction), and optionally, preferably, a heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C.
- Examples include a method of imparting liquid crystal orientation (also referred to as liquid crystal orientation ability).
- the radiation ultraviolet rays or visible light having a wavelength of 100 to 800 nm can be used. Among these, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of preferably 100 to 400 nm, more preferably 200 to 400 nm.
- the irradiation amount of the radiation is more preferably 100 to 450 mJ/cm 2 , even more preferably 100 to 400 mJ/cm 2 , and particularly preferably 100 to 350 mJ/cm 2 .
- the substrate having the film-like material may be irradiated while being heated at 50 to 250° C. in order to improve liquid crystal alignment.
- the liquid crystal alignment film produced in this way can stably align liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the above method may be further subjected to a contact treatment process using a solvent.
- the solvent used in the above-mentioned contact treatment is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the decomposed product generated from the film-like material by irradiation with radiation.
- Specific examples include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, 3- Examples include methyl methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, and cyclohexyl acetate.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention may be produced by performing the following process (4) after the above process (3). It is more preferable that step (4) is performed on either the film that has been subjected to the orientation treatment in step (3) or the treated film that has been subjected to the contact treatment with the above solvent.
- Step (4) Step of performing heat treatment> The coating film irradiated with the above radiation may be subjected to heat treatment.
- the temperature of such heat treatment is preferably 50 to 300°C, more preferably 120 to 250°C.
- the time for each heat treatment is preferably 1 to 30 minutes.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention includes the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention, and is manufactured as described below. Two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment films obtained as described above are formed are prepared, and a liquid crystal is placed between the two substrates that are placed facing each other. Specifically, the following two methods can be mentioned.
- the first method first, two substrates are placed facing each other with a gap (cell gap) in between so that the respective liquid crystal alignment films face each other.
- the peripheral parts of the two substrates are bonded together using a sealant, and a liquid crystal composition is filled through the injection hole into the cell gap defined by the substrate surface and the sealant, and then brought into contact with the film surface. , sealing the injection hole.
- the second method is a technique called ODF (One Drop Fill) method.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- an ultraviolet light-curable sealant is applied to a predetermined location on one of the two substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film has been formed, and a liquid crystal composition is further applied to several predetermined locations on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film. drip.
- the other substrate is bonded together so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the liquid crystal composition is spread over the entire surface of the substrate and brought into contact with the film surface.
- the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant.
- the two substrates are placed facing each other such that the rubbing directions of each coating film are at a predetermined angle, for example, perpendicular or antiparallel to each other.
- an epoxy resin containing a hardening agent and aluminum oxide spheres as spacers can be used.
- liquid crystals include nematic liquid crystals and smectic liquid crystals, and among them, nematic liquid crystals are preferred.
- the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and various liquid crystal compositions containing at least one type of liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal molecule) and having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy can be used.
- a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy is also referred to as a positive type liquid crystal
- a liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy is also referred to as a negative type liquid crystal.
- liquid crystal compositions examples include liquid crystal compositions exhibiting a nematic phase, liquid crystal compositions exhibiting a smectic phase, and liquid crystal compositions exhibiting a cholesteric phase. Among these, liquid crystal compositions exhibiting a nematic phase are preferred.
- the liquid crystal composition may include a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a fluorine atom-containing group (for example, a trifluoromethyl group), a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an isothiocyanate group, a heterocycle, a cycloalkane, It may contain a liquid crystal compound having a cycloalkene, a steroid skeleton, a benzene ring, or a naphthalene ring, and a compound having two or more rigid sites (mesogen skeletons) that exhibit liquid crystallinity within the molecule (for example, two rigid biphenyl structure, or a bimesogenic compound in which a terphenyl structure is linked with an alkyl group).
- a fluorine atom for example, a trifluoromethyl group
- a cyano group for example, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group,
- Additives may be further added to the liquid crystal composition from the viewpoint of improving liquid crystal orientation.
- additives include photopolymerizable monomers such as compounds having polymerizable groups; optically active compounds (e.g. S-811 manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd.); antioxidants; ultraviolet absorbers; dyes; Examples include antifoaming agents; polymerization initiators; and polymerization inhibitors.
- positive liquid crystals examples include ZLI-2293, ZLI-4792, MLC-2003, MLC-2041, MLC-3019, and MLC-7081 manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd.
- Examples of the negative liquid crystal include MLC-6608, MLC-6609, MLC-6610, and MLC-7026-100 manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd.
- liquid crystal containing a compound having a polymerizable group MLC-3023 manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd. can be mentioned.
- a liquid crystal display element can be obtained by bonding a polarizing plate to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell, if necessary.
- the polarizing plate bonded to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell is a polarizing plate in which a polarizing film called "H film” made by stretching and aligning polyvinyl alcohol and absorbing iodine is sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films, or the H film itself.
- a polarizing plate consisting of:
- the IPS substrate which is a comb-teeth electrode substrate used in the IPS method (mode), includes a base material, a plurality of linear electrodes formed on the base material and arranged in a comb-teeth shape, and a linear electrode substrate formed on the base material. and a liquid crystal alignment film formed to cover the electrodes.
- the FFS substrate which is a comb-shaped electrode substrate used in the FFS method (mode), consists of a base material, a surface electrode formed on the base material, an insulating film formed on the surface electrode, and a surface electrode formed on the insulating film.
- the liquid crystal alignment film has a plurality of linear electrodes arranged in a comb-teeth pattern, and a liquid crystal alignment film formed on an insulating film so as to cover the linear electrodes.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an IPS mode horizontal electric field liquid crystal display element equipped with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention.
- a liquid crystal 3 is sandwiched between a comb-teeth electrode substrate 2 having a liquid crystal alignment film 2c and a counter substrate 4 having a liquid crystal alignment film 4a.
- the comb-teeth electrode substrate 2 includes a base material 2a, a plurality of linear electrodes 2b formed on the base material 2a and arranged in a comb-teeth shape, and a plurality of linear electrodes 2b formed on the base material 2a so as to cover the linear electrodes 2b. It has a liquid crystal alignment film 2c.
- the counter substrate 4 has a base material 4b and a liquid crystal alignment film 4a formed on the base material 4b.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 2c is the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 4c is also the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an FFS mode horizontal electric field liquid crystal display element equipped with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention.
- a liquid crystal 3 is sandwiched between a comb-teeth electrode substrate 2 having a liquid crystal alignment film 2h and a counter substrate 4 having a liquid crystal alignment film 4a.
- the comb-teeth electrode substrate 2 is formed on a base material 2d, a surface electrode 2e formed on the base material 2d, an insulating film 2f formed on the surface electrode 2e, and an insulating film 2f, and has a comb-like shape. It has a plurality of arranged linear electrodes 2g and a liquid crystal alignment film 2h formed on an insulating film 2f so as to cover the linear electrodes 2g.
- the counter substrate 4 has a base material 4b and a liquid crystal alignment film 4a formed on the base material 4b.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 2h is the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 4a is also the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- AD-1 to AD-4 Compounds represented by the following formulas (AD-1) to (AD-4), respectively
- GPC device GPC-101 (manufactured by Showa Denko), column: GPC KD-803, GPC KD-805 (manufactured by Showa Denko) in series, column temperature: 50°C, eluent: N,N-dimethylformamide (added)
- lithium bromide monohydrate LiBr H 2 O
- phosphoric acid/anhydrous crystal o-phosphoric acid
- tetrahydrofuran (THF) 10 mL/L
- flow rate 1.0 mL/min Standard sample for creating a calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight: approx. 900,000, approx.
- the imidization rate is determined by determining a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidization as a reference proton, and by calculating the peak integrated value of this proton and the NH group of amic acid that appears around 9.5 to 10.0 ppm. It was determined by the following formula using the proton peak integrated value.
- x indicates the integrated value of the proton peak derived from the NH group of amic acid
- y indicates the integrated peak value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is the integrated value of the proton peak derived from the NH group of amic acid
- ⁇ is the integrated value of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidization rate is 0%).
- the ratio of the number of reference protons to one proton of the NH group is shown.
- Imidization rate (%) (1- ⁇ x/y) ⁇ 100 [Synthesis of polymer] ⁇ Synthesis example 1> DA-1 (0.541 g, 4.43 mmol), DA-2 (4.69 g, 19.2 mmol), DA-3 (2.35 g, By adding 5.91 mmol), CA-1 (6.09 g, 27.2 mmol) and NMP (100 g) and stirring at 40°C for 3 hours, a solution of polyamic acid with a solid content concentration of 12% by mass (viscosity: 189 mPa ⁇ s) was obtained. This polyamic acid had Mn of 11,012 and Mw of 38,921.
- the resulting polyamic acid solution (40.0 g) was weighed into a 100 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen inlet tube, NMP was added to the solid content at a concentration of 9% by mass, and acetic anhydride was added. (3.18 g) and pyridine (0.820 g) were added, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then reacted at 55° C. for 2 hours. This reaction solution was poured into methanol (286 g), and the resulting precipitate was filtered off. This precipitate was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 80°C to obtain polyimide powder. The imidization rate of this polyimide powder was 70%, Mn was 12,324, and Mw was 40,131.
- NMP was added to the obtained polyimide powder so that the solid content concentration was 15% by mass, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain a solution of polyimide (SPI-A1) (viscosity: 294 mPa s). Ta.
- SPI-A1 viscosity: 294 mPa s.
- Ta This polyimide had Mn of 12,821 and Mw of 40,182.
- This polyamic acid had Mn of 10,101 and Mw of 38,321.
- DA-2 (6.13 g, 25.1 mmol), DA-8 (1.05 g, 4.43 mmol), CA-1 (6.06 g, 27.0 mmol) and NMP (97.1 g) were added and stirred at 40° C. for 3 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (viscosity: 200 mPa ⁇ s) with a solid content concentration of 12% by mass.
- This polyamic acid had Mn of 12,901 and Mw of 38,592.
- the resulting polyamic acid solution (40.0 g) was weighed into a 100 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen inlet tube, NMP was added to the solid content at a concentration of 9% by mass, and acetic anhydride was added. (3.28 g) and pyridine (0.850 g) were added, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then reacted at 55° C. for 3 hours. This reaction solution was poured into methanol (287 g), and the resulting precipitate was filtered off. This precipitate was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 80°C to obtain polyimide powder. The imidization rate of this polyimide powder was 70%, Mn was 13,910, and Mw was 40,101.
- polyimide powder (40.0 g) so that the solid content concentration was 12% by mass, and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 20 hours to dissolve.
- Polyimide solution (SPI-R1) (viscosity: 140 mPa ⁇ s) was obtained. This polyimide had Mn of 14,578 and Mw of 40,282.
- the solid content ratio (mass ratio) of the polymer (SPI-A1) and the polymer (PAA-B1) is 50:50
- the mass ratio of the polymer solid content to each solvent is 6:49:20:25
- the blending ratio of AD-1 is 10 parts by mass
- the blending ratio of AD-2 is 1 part by mass
- the blending ratio of AD-3 is 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent (V-1) having a blending ratio of 10 parts by mass and a blending ratio of AD-4 of 3 parts by mass was obtained.
- Example 2 Comparative Examples 1-2> The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the types and amounts of the polymers, solvents, and additives used were changed as shown in Table 2, resulting in liquid crystal aligning agent (V-2), ( RV-1) to (RV-2) were prepared.
- the numerical value in parentheses for each polymer represents the amount (parts by mass) of each polymer based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer.
- a substrate with electrodes was prepared.
- the substrate used was a glass substrate having a rectangular shape of 30 mm x 50 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm.
- an ITO electrode with a solid pattern was formed as a first layer, constituting a common electrode.
- a SiN (silicon nitride) film was formed as a second layer on the first layer of the common electrode by a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method.
- the second layer SiN film has a thickness of 300 nm and functions as an interlayer insulating film.
- a comb-shaped pixel electrode formed by patterning an ITO film as a third layer is arranged on the second layer of SiN film, and two pixels, a first pixel and a second pixel, are formed. The size of each pixel is 10 mm in height and 5 mm in width.
- This substrate with electrodes had a structure in which the first layer common electrode and the third layer pixel electrode were insulated by the second layer SiN film.
- the third layer pixel electrode has a comb-shaped shape in which the central part is bent at an internal angle of 160°, and a plurality of electrode lines each having a width of 3 ⁇ m are arranged parallel to each other at intervals of 6 ⁇ m.
- the pixel was formed by a plurality of electrode lines, and had a first region and a second region separated by a line connecting the bent portions.
- the liquid crystal alignment agents (V-1) to (V-2) and (RV-1) to (RV-2) obtained in Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 above were each used with a pore size of 1.
- the above substrate with electrodes (hereinafter referred to as the electrode substrate) and a glass substrate having a columnar spacer with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which an ITO film is formed on the back surface (hereinafter referred to as the counter substrate) It was applied using a spin coating method. After drying on a hot plate at 80°C for 2 minutes, baking was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 230°C for 20 minutes to form a coating film with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the substrate on which the coating was formed was immersed in ethyl lactate for 5 minutes at room temperature, and then in pure water for 1 minute. I let it happen. Thereafter, the above substrate was baked for 20 minutes in a hot air circulation oven at 230° C. to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays is shown in Table 3 below.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the electrode substrate is subjected to alignment treatment so that the direction that equally divides the internal angle of the pixel bend and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal are perpendicular to each other, and the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the counter substrate is The liquid crystal alignment film is subjected to alignment treatment so that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the electrode substrate and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the counter substrate match when producing the liquid crystal cell.
- the above two substrates are made into a set, and a sealant (XN-1500T manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) is printed on the substrate using a dispenser, and the other substrate is placed so that the alignment direction of each liquid crystal alignment film is 0°. Then I stuck them together so they were facing each other.
- the bonded substrates were pressure-bonded and heated in a hot air circulation oven at 150° C. for 60 minutes to harden the sealant, thereby producing an empty cell.
- a negative liquid crystal MLC-7026-100 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain an FFS drive liquid crystal cell. Thereafter, the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 120° C. for 1 hour and left at 23° C. overnight before being used for evaluation. [Evaluation of in-plane contrast uniformity] The variation in twist angle of the liquid crystal cell was evaluated using AxoStep manufactured by AXOMETRICS.
- the liquid crystal cell prepared above was placed on a measurement stage, and the distribution of circular retardance within the pixel plane was measured with no voltage applied to calculate 3 ⁇ , which is three times the standard deviation ⁇ . It can be said that the smaller the value of 3 ⁇ , the better the in-plane uniformity. As evaluation criteria, when the 3 ⁇ value was less than 1.80, it was rated " ⁇ ", and when it was 1.80 or more, it was rated "x". The results are shown in Table 3.
- the substrate on which the coating was formed was immersed in ethyl lactate for 5 minutes at room temperature, and then in pure water for 1 minute. I let it happen. Thereafter, the above substrate was baked for 20 minutes in a hot air circulation oven at 230° C. to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays is shown in Table 3 below.
- the film surface of this coating film was observed with an atomic force microscope (AFM, L-trace probe microscope manufactured by SII Technology), and the center line average roughness (Ra) of the film surface was measured, and the flatness of the film surface was measured. was evaluated. It can be said that the smaller the value of the center line average roughness (Ra), the better.
- the liquid crystal alignment films obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agents (V-1) to (V-2) containing polyimide (A) and polyamic acid (B) having specific configurations are Compared to liquid crystal alignment films obtained from liquid crystal alignment agents (RV-1) to (RV-2) that do not contain A), the in-plane contrast is stable when the amount of ultraviolet irradiation is less than 450 mJ/cm 2 , and It was shown that the film surface had excellent flatness.
- liquid crystal aligning film with stable in-plane contrast in a low dose region of less than 450 mJ/cm 2 can be obtained. Furthermore, a liquid crystal alignment film formed from a specific liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide and polyamic acid obtained using substituted cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride or its derivative as a raw material also has a less uneven surface. A liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained. Therefore, it can be expected to be used in liquid crystal display elements that require high display quality, especially liquid crystal display elements using an IPS drive method or an FFS drive method. These elements are also useful in liquid crystal displays for display purposes, dimming windows for controlling transmission and blocking of light, optical shutters, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
近年では、高精細なタブレットPCやカーナビゲーションといった小型の表示端末が主体となり、液晶表示素子に対する高品質化の要求は従来よりも増してさらに高まっている。加えて、光配向法により配向処理を行う場合、光の照射量はエネルギーコストや生産スピードに影響を与える因子となるので、少ない光照射量で配向処理できることが好ましい。
そこで面内のコントラストが安定するように、第一のポリアミック酸の原料成分を見直して、新たにポリイミドとポリアミック酸とを含む液晶配向剤を検討したところ、今度は液晶配向膜表面で微細な凹凸が発生するようになった。
一方、最近の液晶表示素子は、液晶表示素子の画素数が増えて画素サイズが小さくなるにつれ、画素電極はさらに微細な構造となり、画素電極の形成面は、単位面積当たりの凹凸密度がより高くなる傾向にある。液晶配向膜は、通常、液晶配向剤を画素電極上に塗布することで形成されるが、得られる塗布膜の膜厚は均一であることが表示品位を高める観点でより好ましく、液晶配向膜の膜表面は凹凸が少ないことがさらに好ましい。上記検討した組成では将来求められる表示特性の要求に必ずしも応えられるとは言えず、表示品位の低下を招くことが懸念される。
また、置換されたシクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体を原料に用いて得られるポリイミドとポリアミック酸とを含む、特定の液晶配向剤から形成される液晶配向膜においても、表面の凹凸が少ない液晶配向膜を得ることのできる液晶配向剤、該液晶配向膜、及び該液晶配向膜を用いた液晶表示素子を提供することを目的とする。
(A)成分:下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位(a1)及び前記繰り返し単位(a1)のイミド化構造単位のいずれか一方又は両方、並びに下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位(a2)及び前記繰り返し単位(a2)のイミド化構造単位のいずれか一方又は両方、とを有するポリイミド(A)であって、
繰り返し単位(a1)及び前記繰り返し単位(a1)のイミド化構造単位の合計が、ポリイミド(A)が有する全繰り返し単位の10~40モル%であり、
繰り返し単位(a2)及び前記繰り返し単位(a2)のイミド化構造単位の合計が、ポリイミド(A)が有する全繰り返し単位の60~90モル%である、上記ポリイミド。
(B)成分:下記式(5)で表される繰り返し単位(b1)を有するポリアミック酸(B)
なお、本明細書全体を通して、以下の用語及び略号の意味は、それぞれ、以下のとおりである。ハロゲン原子は、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子などである。
*は、いずれも場合も、結合手を表す。また、Bocは、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基を表し、Fmocは、9-フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル基を表す。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、ポリイミド(A)を含有する。
ポリイミド(A)は、上記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位(a1)、及び該繰り返し単位(a1)のイミド化構造単位のいずれか一方または両方を有する。尚、ポリイミド(A)はこれらの繰り返し単位の1種類又は2種類以上で構成されてもよい。
本発明のポリイミド(A)は、上記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位(a2)、及び該繰り返し単位(a2)のイミド化構造単位のいずれか一方または両方を有する。尚、ポリイミド(A)はこれらの繰り返し単位の1種類又は2種類以上で構成されてもよい。
上記式(2)におけるR及びZの好ましい態様は、上記式(1)で例示した構造が挙げられ、より好ましい態様も上記式(1)で例示した構造と同様である。
上記式(2m)におけるベンゼン環上の任意の水素原子は、ハロゲン原子(例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)若しくは1価の有機基(例えば、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数2~3のアルケニル基、炭素数2~3のアルキニル基、フッ素原子を含有する炭素数1~3の1価の有機基等)で置き換えられてもよい。
繰り返し単位(a1)及び繰り返し単位(a1)のイミド化構造単位の合計は、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、ポリイミド(A)が有する全繰り返し単位の10~40モル%であり、10~30モル%が好ましく、10~20モル%がより好ましい。
繰り返し単位(a2)及び繰り返し単位(a2)のイミド化構造単位の合計は、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、ポリイミド(A)が有する全繰り返し単位の60~90モル%であり、70~90モル%がより好ましく、80~90モル%がより最も好ましい。
上記ポリイミド(A)は、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、上記繰り返し単位(a1)、上記繰り返し単位(a2)、及びこれらのイミド化構造単位の少なくとも一つとともに、更に、下記式(Ar)で表される繰り返し単位(ar)、下記式(2’)で表される繰り返し単位(a2’)、下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位(a3)、及びこれらのイミド化構造単位よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つを有するポリイミドであってもよい。尚、繰り返し単位(ar)、(a2’)~(a3)、及びこれらのイミド化構造単位は、1種類又は2種類以上でもよい。
ポリイミド(A)は、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、R1及びR4がメチル基であり、R2及びR3が水素原子である上記式(g)で表される4価の有機基を有する繰り返し単位の合計が、ポリイミド(A)が有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体に由来する4価の有機基を有する全繰り返し単位の、70モル%以上であることがより好ましく、80モル%以上であることがさらに好ましく、100モル%であることが最も好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、ポリアミック酸(B)を含有する。尚、ポリアミック酸(B)は1種類又は2種類以上で構成されてもよい。
尚、ポリアミック酸(B)はイミド化されたイミド化物を含んでも良いが、ポリアミック酸(B)におけるイミド化物の含有割合は30モル%未満であることが好ましく、10モル%未満であることがより好ましい。
なお、ポリアミック酸(B)を構成する繰り返し単位は1種類又は2種類以上でもよい。
残留DC由来の残像が少ない観点において、ポリイミド(A)とポリアミック酸(B)の含有割合(ポリイミド(A)/ポリアミック酸(B)の質量比)は10/90~90/10が好ましく、20/80~90/10がより好ましく、20/80~80/20が更に好ましい。
<ポリイミド(A)及びポリアミック酸(B)の製造方法>
本発明におけるポリイミド(A)の前駆体である、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリアミック酸、及びこれらのイミド化物であるポリイミド、又は、ポリアミック酸(B)は、例えば、WO2013/157586号公報に記載されるような既知の方法で合成できる。
<重合体の溶液粘度・分子量>
本発明のポリイミド(A)、及びポリアミック酸(B)は、これを濃度10~15質量%の溶液としたときに、例えば、10~1000mPa・sの溶液粘度を持つものが作業性の観点から好ましいが、特に限定されない。なお、上記重合体の溶液粘度(mPa・s)は、当該重合体の良溶媒(例えば、γ-ブチロラクトン、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン等)を用いて調製した濃度10~15質量%の重合体溶液につき、E型回転粘度計を用いて25℃において測定した値である。
<末端封止剤>
本発明におけるポリイミド(A)、及びポリアミック酸(B)を合成するに際して、上記の如きテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分、及びジアミン成分とともに、適当な末端封止剤を用いて末端封止型の重合体としてもよい。末端封止型の重合体は、塗膜によって得られる液晶配向膜の膜硬度の向上や、シール剤と液晶配向膜の密着特性の向上という効果を有する。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、ポリイミド(A)、及びポリアミック酸(B)を含有する。本発明の液晶配向剤は、ポリイミド(A)、及びポリアミック酸(B)に加えて、その他の重合体を含有していてもよい。その他の重合体の具体例を挙げると、ポリイミド(A)以外のポリイミド、ポリアミック酸(B)以外のポリイミド前駆体、ポリシロキサン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリウレタン、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体、ポリ(イソブチレン-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体、ポリ(ビニルエーテル-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートからなる群から選ばれる重合体等が挙げられる。
ポリ(スチレン-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体の具体例としては、SMA1000、2000、3000(Cray Valley社製)、GSM301(岐阜セラツク製造所社製)等が挙げられ、ポリ(イソブチレン-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体の具体例としては、イソバン-600(クラレ社製)が挙げられ、ポリ(ビニルエーテル-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体の具体例としては、Gantrez AN-139(メチルビニルエーテル無水マレイン酸樹脂、アシュランド社製)が挙げられる。その他の重合体は、一種を単独で使用してもよく、また二種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。その他の重合体の含有割合は、液晶配向剤中に含まれる重合体の合計100質量部に対して、90質量部以下が好ましく、10~90質量部がより好ましく、20~80質量部が更に好ましい。
上記式(d)で表される基のR2、R3の炭素数1~3のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤における固形分濃度(液晶配向剤の溶媒以外の成分の合計質量が液晶配向剤の全質量に占める割合)は、粘性、揮発性等を考慮して適宜に選択されるが、好ましくは1~10質量%の範囲である。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる。本発明の液晶配向膜は、水平配向型若しくは垂直配向型(VA型)の液晶配向膜に用いることができるが、中でもIPS駆動方式又はFFS駆動方式等の水平配向型の液晶表示素子に好適な液晶配向膜である。また、光配向処理法用の液晶配向膜により好ましく用いられる。その他、種々の技術用途に有効に適用することができ、例えば上記用途以外の液晶配向膜(位相差フィルム用の液晶配向膜、走査アンテナや液晶アレイアンテナ用の液晶配向膜又は透過散乱型の液晶調光素子用の液晶配向膜)、或いは、その他の用途、例えば、保護膜(例:カラーフィルタ用の保護膜)、スペーサー膜、層間絶縁膜、反射防止膜、配線被覆膜、帯電防止フィルム、電動機絶縁膜(フレキシブルディスプレイのゲート絶縁膜)等にも適用できる。
<工程(1):液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程>
パターニングされた透明導電膜が設けられている基板の一面に、本発明の液晶配向剤を、例えば、ロールコーター法、スピンコート法、印刷法、インクジェット法等の適宜の塗布方法により塗布する。ここで基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板とともに、アクリル基板、ポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。また、IPS駆動方式又はFFS駆動方式の液晶表示素子を製造する場合には、櫛歯型にパターニングされた透明導電膜又は金属膜からなる電極が設けられている基板と、電極が設けられていない対向基板とを用いる。
<工程(2):塗布した液晶配向剤を焼成する工程>
工程(2)は、基板上に塗布した液晶配向剤を焼成し、膜を形成する工程である。液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布した後は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブン又はIR(赤外線)型オーブン等の加熱手段により、溶媒を蒸発させたり、ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルの熱イミド化を行ったりすることができる。本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥、焼成工程は、任意の温度と時間を選択することができ、複数回行ってもよい。焼成温度としては、例えば40~180℃で行うことができる。プロセスを短縮する観点で、40~150℃で行ってもよい。焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、1~10分、好ましくは1~5分が挙げられる。ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルの熱イミド化を行う場合には、上記焼成工程の後、例えば150~300℃、好ましくは150~250℃の温度範囲で焼成する工程を行うことができる。焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、5~40分、好ましくは、5~30分の焼成時間が挙げられる。
<工程(3):工程(2)で得られた膜に配向処理する工程>
工程(3)は、必要に応じて工程(2)で得られた膜に配向処理する工程である。即ち、IPS駆動方式又はFFS駆動方式等の水平配向型の液晶表示素子では、該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を行う。一方、VA方式又はPSAモード等の垂直配向型の液晶表示素子では、形成した塗膜をそのまま液晶配向膜として使用することができるが、該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を施してもよい。液晶配向膜の配向処理方法としては、ラビング処理法、光配向処理法が挙げられ、光配向処理法がより好適である。光配向処理法としては、上記膜状物の表面に、放射線(より好ましくは一定方向に偏向された放射線)を照射し、場合により、好ましくは、150~250℃の温度で加熱処理を行い、液晶配向性(液晶配向能ともいう)を付与する方法が挙げられる。放射線としては、100~800nmの波長を有する紫外線又は可視光線を用いることができる。なかでも、好ましくは100~400nm、より好ましくは、200~400nmの波長を有する紫外線である。
また、放射線を照射する場合、液晶配向性を改善するために、上記膜状物を有する基板を、50~250℃で加熱しながら照射してもよい。このようにして作製した上記液晶配向膜は、液晶分子を一定の方向に安定して配向させることができる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記工程(3)の後に、以下の工程(4)の処理を行って作製しても良い。工程(4)は、工程(3)で配向処理された膜、又は上記溶媒による接触処理を行った処理膜のいずれかに施すことがより好ましい。
<工程(4):加熱処理を行う工程>
上記の放射線を照射した塗膜に対して加熱処理を行ってもよい。かかる加熱処理の温度は、50~300℃が好ましく、120~250℃がより好ましい。加熱処理の時間としては、それぞれ1~30分とすることが好ましい。
<液晶表示素子>
本発明の液晶表示素子は、本発明の液晶配向膜を具備するもので、下記するようにして製造される。上記のようにして得られる液晶配向膜が形成された基板を2枚準備し、対向配置した2枚の基板間に液晶を配置する。具体的には以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。
(有機溶媒)
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
(テトラカルボン酸二無水物)
CA-1~CA-3:それぞれ、下記式(CA-1)~(CA-3)で表される化合物
DA-1~DA-9:それぞれ、下記式(DA-1)~(DA-9)で表される化合物
AD-1~AD-4:それぞれ、下記式(AD-1)~(AD-4)で表される化合物
E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)を用いて、温度25℃で測定した。
<分子量の測定>
下記の常温GPC(ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキサイド換算値としてMn及びMwを算出した。
検量線作成用標準サンプル:TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量;約900,000、約150,000、約100,000及び約30,000)(東ソー社製)及びポリエチレングリコール(分子量;約12,000、約4,000及び約1,000)(ポリマーラボラトリー社製)。
<イミド化率の測定>
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド([D6]-DMSO、0.05%テトラメチルシラン(TMS)混合品)1.0mLを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をフーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)「AVANCE III」(BRUKER社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。
[重合体の合成]
<合成例1>
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-1(0.541g、4.43mmol)、DA-2(4.69g、19.2mmol)、DA-3(2.35g、5.91mmol)、CA-1(6.09g、27.2mmol)及びNMP(100g)を加えて、40℃で3時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸の溶液(粘度:189mPa・s)を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは11,012、Mwは38,921であった。
<合成例2>
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-4(1.28g、11.8mmol)、DA-5(5.29g、17.7mmol)、CA-2(5.44g、27.8mmol)及びNMP(88.1g)を加えて、室温で3時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-B1)の溶液(粘度:130mPa・s)を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは10,101、Mwは38,321であった。
<合成例3>
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-6(2.35g、11.8mmol)、DA-5(5.29g、17.7mmol)、CA-2(1.74g、8.86mmol)及びNMP(84.4g)を加えて、窒素を送りながら室温で1時間撹拌した。その後、15℃に冷却した後、CA-3(5.65g、19.2mmol)及びNMP(25.8g)を加えて、50℃で20時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-B2)の溶液(粘度:412mPa・s)を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは13,102、Mwは43,244であった。
<合成例4>
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-6(4.71g、23.6mmol)、DA-7(0.899g、5.91mmol)、CA-3(8.17g、27.8mmol)及びNMP(101g)を加えて、70℃で15時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-B3)の溶液(粘度:389mPa・s)を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは13,183、Mwは42,917であった。
<合成例5>
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-2(6.13g、25.1mmol)、DA-8(1.05g、4.43mmol)、CA-1(6.06g、27.0mmol)及びNMP(97.1g)を加えて、40℃で3時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸の溶液(粘度:200mPa・s)を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは12,901、Mwは38,592であった。
<合成例6>
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-3(2.35g、5.90mmol)、DA-2(2.16g、8.86mmol)、DA-9(2.84g、8.86mmol)、DA-4(0.639g、5.91mmol)、CA-1(6.22g、27.8mmol)及びNMP(104g)を加えて、40℃で20時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-R1)の溶液(粘度:389mPa・s)を得た。このポリアミック酸のMnは14,391、Mwは40,282であった。
<実施例1>
上記重合体(SPI-A1)の溶液及び重合体(PAA-B1)の溶液を用い、NMP、GBL及びBCSにより希釈し、さらにAD-1~AD-4を加えて、室温で20時間撹拌することで、重合体(SPI-A1)と重合体(PAA-B1)の固形分比率(質量比)が50:50であり、重合体固形分と各溶媒の質量比(重合体固形分:NMP:GBL:BCS)が6:49:20:25であり、重合体100質量部に対してAD-1の配合割合が10質量部、AD-2の配合割合が1質量部、AD-3の配合割合が10質量部、AD-4の配合割合が3質量部となる液晶配向剤(V-1)を得た。
<実施例2、比較例1~2>
表2に示すように使用する重合体、溶媒、及び添加剤の種類及び量を変更した点を除いては、実施例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(V-2)、(RV-1)~(RV-2)を調製した。
[FFS駆動液晶セルの作製]
FFSモード液晶表示素子の構成を備えた液晶セルを作製した。
[コントラストの面内均一性の評価]
AXOMETRICS社製AxoStepを用いて液晶セルのツイスト角のばらつきの評価を行った。上記で作製した液晶セルを測定ステージに設置し、電圧無印加の状態で、画素面内のCircular Retardanceの分布を測定して標準偏差σの3倍である3σを算出した。面内均一性は、この3σの値が小さいほど良好であると言える。評価基準として、上記3σ値が、1.80未満の場合を「○」、1.80以上の場合を「×」とした。結果を表3に示す。
上記実施例1~2及び比較例1~2で得られた液晶配向剤(V-1)~(V-2)及び(RV-1)をそれぞれ孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、30mm×40mmの長方形で、厚みが1.1mmのガラス基板に、スピンコート法にて塗布した。80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面に、254nmバンドパスフィルターと偏光子を介した偏光紫外線を所定量照射した後、被膜が形成された基板を乳酸エチル中に室温で5分間浸漬させ、次いで純水に1分間浸漬させた。その後、上記基板を230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。偏光紫外線の照射量は下記表3に示す。この塗膜の膜表面を原子間力顕微鏡(AFM、エスアイアイ・テクノロジー社製 L-traceプローブ顕微鏡)で観察し、膜表面の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)を測定し、膜表面の平坦性を評価した。中心線平均粗さ(Ra)は、値が小さいほど良好であると言える。
Claims (15)
- 下記の(A)成分と(B)成分とを含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(A)成分:下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位(a1)及び前記繰り返し単位(a1)のイミド化構造単位のいずれか一方又は両方、並びに下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位(a2)及び前記繰り返し単位(a2)のイミド化構造単位のいずれか一方又は両方、とを有するポリイミド(A)であって、
繰り返し単位(a1)及び前記繰り返し単位(a1)のイミド化構造単位の合計が、ポリイミド(A)が有する全繰り返し単位の10~40モル%であり、
繰り返し単位(a2)及び前記繰り返し単位(a2)のイミド化構造単位の合計が、ポリイミド(A)が有する全繰り返し単位の60~90モル%である、前記ポリイミド。
(B)成分:下記式(5)で表される繰り返し単位(b1)を有するポリアミック酸(B)
(R及びZはそれぞれ独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。)
(式(2)中、R、及びZは、前記式(1)の場合と同義である。Y2は下記式(2m)で表される2価の有機基を表す。)
(式(2m)中、前記ベンゼン環上の任意の水素原子は、ハロゲン原子又は1価の有機基で置き換えられてもよい。*は結合手を表す。)
(式(5)中、X5は4価の有機基であり、Y5は、2価の有機基である。Zは、それぞれ上記式(1)におけるZと同義である。) - 前記ポリイミド(A)が、更に下記式(Ar)で表される繰り返し単位(ar)、下記式(2’)で表される繰り返し単位(a2’)、下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位(a3)、及びこれらのイミド化構造単位よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つを有する、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
(前記式(Ar)中、R、及びZは、上記式(1)における場合と同義である。Y2は下記式(O)で表される2価の有機基(但し、前記式(2m)で表される2価の有機基を除く。)を表す。)
前記式(O)中、Arは、それぞれ独立して、ベンゼン環、ビフェニル構造、又はナフタレン環を表す。Arの環上の任意の水素原子は、ハロゲン原子又は1価の有機基で置き換えられてもよい。Q2は-(CH2)n-(nは2~18である。)、又はかかる-(CH2)n-の一部を-O-、-C(=O)-又は-O-C(=O)-のいずれかで置き換えた基を表す。*は結合手を表す。
(式(2’)、(3)中、X2’、X3は4価の有機基を表し、Y2’は下記式(O2)で表される2価の有機基を表し、Y3は基「-N(D)-(Dはカルバメート系保護基を表す。)」を分子内に有し、Dを除く炭素数が6~30の2価の有機基を表す。R、Zは、上記式(1)の場合と同義である。)
(式(O2)中、mは0~2の整数であり、Ar2’は、非置換又は置換のベンゼン環を表す。但し、mが0の場合、Ar2’は非置換のベンゼン環を表し、mが1又は2の場合、Ar2’は、それぞれ独立して、非置換のベンゼン環、又は該ベンゼン環上の任意の水素原子がハロゲン原子若しくは1価の有機基で置き換えられたベンゼン環のいずれかを表す。Q2’は単結合又は-O-を表す。Ar2’、Q2’が複数存在する場合、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。*は結合手を表す。) - 前記X5が、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する4価の有機基、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する4価の有機基、又は芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する4価の有機基である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記X5が、ベンゼン環、シクロブタン環構造、シクロペンタン環構造及びシクロヘキサン環構造よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の部分構造を有する4価の有機基である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記Y5が、ウレア結合を有するジアミン、アミド結合を有するジアミン、窒素原子含有構造を有するジアミン、2,4-ジアミノフェノール、3,5-ジアミノフェノール、3,5-ジアミノベンジルアルコール、2,4-ジアミノベンジルアルコール、4,6-ジアミノレゾルシノール、カルボキシ基を有するジアミン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、p-フェニレンジアミン、又はm-フェニレンジアミン由来の2価の有機基である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記液晶配向剤が更に架橋性化合物を含有し、該架橋性化合物が、オキシラニル基、オキセタニル基、保護イソシアネート基、保護イソチオシアネート基、オキサゾリン環構造を含む基、メルドラム酸構造を含む基、シクロカーボネート基、及び下記式(d)で表される基よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を有する化合物、並びに下記式(e)で表される化合物、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
(式(d)中、R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、又は「*-CH2-OH」である。
式(e)中、Aは、芳香環を有する(m+n)価の有機基を表し、R、R’は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表し、mは1~6であり、nは0~4である。上記芳香環の任意の水素原子は、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~10のフルオロアルキル基、炭素数2~10のフルオロアルケニル基、又は炭素数1~10のフルオロアルコキシ基で置き換えられてもよい。*は結合手を表す。) - 光配向処理法用の液晶配向膜に用いられる、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項8に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 下記の工程(1)~(3)を含む、液晶表示素子用の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
工程(1):請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程
工程(2):塗布した液晶配向剤を焼成する工程
工程(3):工程(2)で得られた膜に、必要に応じて、配向処理する工程 - 前記配向処理が光配向処理である、請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 前記光配向処理における放射線の照射量が100~450mJ/cm2である、請求項11に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 溶媒を用いて接触処理する工程を更に含む、請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 工程(3)の後に、加熱処理を行う工程(4)を更に含む、請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 前記液晶表示素子が、IPS駆動方式又はFFS駆動方式の液晶表示素子である請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
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| WO2020158819A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-06 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
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