WO2024019114A1 - 正極活物質層、電極、及び固体電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質層、電極、及び固体電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024019114A1 WO2024019114A1 PCT/JP2023/026597 JP2023026597W WO2024019114A1 WO 2024019114 A1 WO2024019114 A1 WO 2024019114A1 JP 2023026597 W JP2023026597 W JP 2023026597W WO 2024019114 A1 WO2024019114 A1 WO 2024019114A1
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- positive electrode
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material layer, an electrode, and a solid battery.
- the active material layer of the electrode of a semi-solid battery or all-solid battery is expected to contain a solid electrolyte in addition to the active material, conductive aid, and binder that constitute the electrode active material layer of a conventional secondary battery. .
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a positive electrode active material layer contains a positive electrode active material, a solid electrolyte, and an ionic liquid, and PVDF is used as a binder to suppress output reduction in an all-solid-state battery and to reduce the positive electrode potential. It is disclosed that it is possible to suppress a decrease in charge capacity due to increase in the charge capacity.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a positive electrode active material layer contains a positive electrode active material, a solid electrolyte, LiFSI and LiPF 6 as an in-liquid, and PVDF as a binder, thereby preventing corrosion of the current collector foil. It is disclosed that high charging/discharging efficiency can be achieved by suppressing the
- the positive electrode active material layer In some cases, the adhesion between the material layer and the current collector was insufficient. This is thought to be due to insufficient adhesion of the positive electrode binder used in conventional secondary batteries to the solid electrolyte. If the adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer and the current collector is poor, it becomes difficult to stably achieve various required characteristics such as high charge/discharge efficiency. Therefore, even in a positive electrode including a positive active material layer containing a solid electrolyte, there is a need for a technique for improving the adhesion between the positive active material layer and the current collector.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a positive electrode active material layer that can form a positive electrode with excellent adhesiveness between the positive electrode active material layer and a current collector, an electrode equipped with the positive electrode active material layer,
- the present invention also aims to provide a semi-solid battery or an all-solid battery including the electrode.
- the present inventors found that by incorporating a specific vinylidene fluoride copolymer as a binder in the positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte. The inventors have discovered that the above problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention.
- aspects of the present invention relate to the following positive electrode active material layer, electrode, and semi-solid battery or all-solid battery containing a positive electrode active material (A), a solid electrolyte (B), and a binder (C).
- the binder (C) is a vinylidene fluoride copolymer containing a structural unit (C-a) derived from vinylidene fluoride and a structural unit (C-b) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride.
- the structural unit (C-b) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride is selected from unsaturated dibasic acids, unsaturated dibasic acid monoesters, and compounds represented by the following formula (C-1) Contains a structural unit derived from at least one A positive electrode active material in which the structural unit (C-a) derived from vinylidene fluoride is 90.0% by mass or more when the total structural units contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer are 100.0% by mass. layer.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and X 1 is a main chain having 1 to 5 atoms. 19, and has a molecular weight of 472 or less, and contains at least one heteroatom selected from oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contains a structural unit derived from hexafluoropropylene as a structural unit different from the structural unit (C-b), When the total structural units contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer are 100.0% by mass, the structural units derived from hexafluoropropylene are 2.0% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass or less, [2 ] The positive electrode active material layer according to.
- the structural unit (Cb) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride contains the structural unit derived from an unsaturated dibasic acid monoester,
- the solid electrolyte (B) has the following formula (B-1): Li 1+x+y Al x Ti 2x Si y P 3y O 12 ...(B-1) (In formula (B-1), x and y satisfy 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.)
- the positive electrode active material (A) contains metal lithium phosphate,
- An electrode comprising a current collector and the positive electrode active material layer according to any one of [1] to [7].
- a semi-solid battery or an all-solid battery comprising the electrode according to [8].
- a positive electrode active material layer capable of forming a positive electrode with excellent adhesiveness between the positive electrode active material layer and a current collector, an electrode provided with the positive electrode active material layer, and a semisolid battery provided with the electrode Or all-solid-state batteries can be provided.
- the positive electrode active material layer contains a positive electrode active material (A), a solid electrolyte (B), and a binder (C).
- the binder (C) contained in the positive electrode active material layer is a fluorine-containing binder containing a structural unit (C-a) derived from vinylidene fluoride and a structural unit (C-b) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride. It is a vinylidene chloride copolymer.
- the structural unit (C-b) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride is selected from unsaturated dibasic acids, unsaturated dibasic acid monoesters, and compounds represented by the following formula (C-1) described below. Contains a structural unit derived from at least one of the following.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contains 90.0% by mass or more of the constituent units (C-a) derived from vinylidene fluoride, when the total constituent units contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer are 100.0% by mass. It is.
- the positive electrode active material layer contains the specific binder (C)
- an electrode with excellent adhesiveness between the positive electrode active material layer and the current collector can be formed.
- the positive electrode active material (A) is not particularly limited, and, for example, conventionally known electrode active materials for positive electrodes can be used.
- As the electrode active material for the positive electrode a lithium-based positive electrode active material containing at least lithium is preferable.
- M may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, V, Fe, and Si, and may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, and Mn. .
- such positive electrode active materials include LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiVO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li(Ni 0 .5 Mn 1.5 )O 4 , Li 2 FeSiO 4 , Li 2 MnSiO 4 and the like.
- lithium titanate for example, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12
- lithium metal phosphate LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4
- transition metal oxides V 2 O 5 , MoO 3
- TiS 2 LiCoN, Si, SiO 2 , Li 2 SiO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4
- lithium storage intermetallic compounds e.g. Mg 2 Sn , Mg 2 Ge, Mg 2 Sb, Cu 3 Sb
- the shape of the positive electrode active material (A) is not particularly limited, it may be, for example, in the form of particles or a thin film, and may be in the form of particles from the viewpoint of ease of handling.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the particles is preferably, for example, 1 nm or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 nm or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- a coating layer containing a Li ion conductive oxide may be formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material (A) from the viewpoint of suppressing the reaction between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte.
- the Li ion conductive oxide include LiNbO 3 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , and Li 3 PO 4 .
- the lower limit of the thickness of the coat layer is preferably 0.1 nm or more, more preferably 1 nm or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the coat layer is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less.
- the content of the positive electrode active material (A) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 50% by mass or more and 98% by mass or less, and 60% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the positive electrode active material layer. It is more preferable that the amount is 70% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less.
- Solid electrolyte (B) As the solid electrolyte (B), a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, an oxide-based solid electrolyte, etc. can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use an oxide-based solid electrolyte from the viewpoint of safety and stability of the electrolyte.
- Examples of the sulfide solid electrolyte include Li 2 S-SiS 2 , LiI-Li 2 S-SiS 2 , LiI-Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 , LiI-Li 2 O-Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 , LiI-Li 2 SP 2 O 5 , LiI-Li 3 PO 4 -P 2 S 5 , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 3 PS 4 and the like.
- oxide-based solid electrolytes examples include LLTO-based compounds ((La, Li)TiO 3 ), Li 6 La 2 CaTa 2 O 12 , Li 6 La 2 ANb 2 O 12 (A: alkaline earth metal), Li 2 Nd 3 TeSbO 12 , Li 3 BO 2.5 N 0.5 , Li 9 SiAlO 8 , LAGP compound (Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO4) 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1)), Li 2 O-Al LATP-based compounds such as 2 O 3 -TiO 2 -P 2 O 5 (Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1)), Li 1+x Ti 2-x Al x Si y (PO 4 ) 3-y (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), Li 1+y Al x M 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (M is Ti, Ge, Sr, Sn, Zr, and Ca One or more elements selected from the group consisting of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1)
- LATP-based compounds are preferred from the viewpoint of having high lithium ion conductivity.
- the LATP compound the following formula (1): Li 1+x+y Al x Ti 2-x Si y P 3-y O 12 ...(1) (In formula (1), x and y satisfy 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.) It is preferable to include a material represented by:
- preferable oxide solid electrolytes other than the above LATP-based compounds include, for example, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Ta 0.25 O 12 (LLZTO). , Li 0.33 La 0.56 TiO 3 (LLTO), Li 1.6 Al 0.6 Ge 1.4 (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP), and the like.
- the content of the solid electrolyte (B) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the positive electrode active material layer. It is more preferably 3% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.
- the binder (C) is a vinylidene fluoride copolymer containing a structural unit (C-a) derived from vinylidene fluoride and a structural unit (C-b) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride.
- the structural unit (C-b) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride is selected from unsaturated dibasic acids, unsaturated dibasic acid monoesters, and compounds represented by formula (C-1) described below. Contains a structural unit derived from at least one of the following.
- the above-mentioned structural unit (Ca) derived from vinylidene fluoride is 90.0% by mass or more.
- the binder (C) is used for the purpose of improving the adhesiveness between the solid electrolyte and other members (current collector, active material, conductive aid, etc.).
- Examples of the unsaturated dibasic acid that provides the structural unit (Cb) include fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, and phthalic acid.
- Examples of the unsaturated dibasic acid monoester giving the structural unit (Cb) include monomethyl fumarate, monoethyl fumarate, monomethyl maleate, monoethyl maleate, monomethyl citraconate, monoethyl citraconate, monomethyl phthalate, Examples include monoethyl phthalate.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and X 1 has a main chain having 1 to 19 atoms. It is an atomic group having a molecular weight of 472 or less and containing at least one hetero atom selected from oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are the same as those in formula (C-1) above, and X 2 is a compound with a molecular weight of 456 or less whose main chain has 1 to 18 atoms. It is an atomic group.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably substituents with low steric hindrance, and are preferably hydrogen atoms or substituents having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group is preferred, and a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is more preferred.
- the molecular weight of the atomic group represented by X 1 is 472 or less, preferably 172 or less. Further, there is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the molecular weight of the atomic group represented by X 1 , but it is usually in the form that X is -CH 2 -, that is, the molecular weight is 14. Furthermore, in formula (C-2), the molecular weight of the atomic group represented by X 2 is 456 or less, preferably 156 or less. Further, there is no particular limitation on the lower limit of the molecular weight of the atomic group represented by X 2 , but it is usually in the form that X 2 is -CH 2 -, that is, the molecular weight is 14.
- the molecular weight of the atomic group represented by X 1 or X 2 is within the above-mentioned range.
- Examples of the compound represented by formula (C-2) include 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-carboxyethyl methacrylate, acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, methacryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, acryloyloxypropyl succinic acid, methacryloyl Examples include roxypropylsuccinic acid, acryloyloxyethylphthalic acid, and methacryloyloxyethylphthalic acid.
- the content of the structural unit (C-a) derived from vinylidene fluoride is determined by the content of the solid electrolyte and other components (current collector, active material, conductive aid, etc.). ) From the viewpoint of improving the adhesion of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer, if the total structural units contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer are 100.0% by mass, it should be 90.0% by mass or more and 95.0% by mass or more. is preferable, and more preferably 98.0% by mass or more.
- the content of the structural unit (C-b) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride is not particularly limited. Based on the structural unit, preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less, furthermore 0.2% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less. preferable.
- the above-mentioned structural units (C-a) and (C- It may contain a structural unit (Cc) derived from a monomer different from the monomer providing b).
- Other monomers include, for example, structural units derived from fluorine-containing monomers other than vinylidene fluoride; structural units derived from hydrocarbon monomers such as ethylene and propylene, and the like.
- fluorine-containing monomers include perfluorinated vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, hexafluoroethylene, fluoroalkyl vinyl ether, and perfluoromethyl vinyl ether. Includes alkyl vinyl ethers, etc. Among these, chlorotrifluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene is preferred, and hexafluoropropylene is more preferred.
- the content of the structural units derived from the other monomers is as follows, when the total structural units contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer are 100.0% by mass, The content is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and less than 10.0% by mass, and more preferably 2.0% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass or less.
- the content of the structural units (C-a) derived from vinylidene fluoride is the same as that of the solid electrolyte and the other monomers.
- the total constituent units contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer are 100.0% by mass, 90.0% by mass % or more, preferably 91.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 92.0% by mass or more.
- the content of the structural unit (Cb) derived from a monomer other than vinylidene fluoride is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less, and 0.1% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 0.2% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer as the binder (C) is 2.3 dL/g from the viewpoint of improving the adhesiveness between the solid electrolyte and other components (current collector, active material, conductive aid, etc.). It is preferably at least 2.5 dL/g, more preferably at least 2.5 dL/g.
- the content of the binder (C) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the positive electrode active material layer. is more preferable, and even more preferably 3% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.
- the method for producing the binder (C) is not particularly limited, and is usually carried out by methods such as suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and solution polymerization. From the viewpoint of ease of post-treatment, aqueous suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization are preferred, and aqueous suspension polymerization is more preferred.
- the aqueous suspension polymerization method is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a method in which monomers used for polymerization are polymerized in an aqueous medium in the presence of a suspending agent, a polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent, etc. .
- the suspending agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methylcellulose, methoxylated methylcellulose, propoxylated methylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, and the like.
- the amount of the suspending agent used is not particularly limited, and for example, it is preferably 0.005 parts by mass or more and 1.0 parts by mass or less, and 0.01 parts by mass, based on 100.0 parts by mass of all monomers used for polymerization. More preferably, it is at least 0.4 parts by mass and at most 0.4 parts by mass.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, di-n-heptafluoropropyl peroxydicarbonate, isobutyryl peroxide, di(chlorofluoro acyl) peroxide, di(perfluoroacyl) peroxide, t-butyl peroxypivalate, and the like.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is not particularly limited, and for example, it is preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, and 0.15 parts by mass, based on 100.0 parts by mass of all monomers used for polymerization. More preferably, the amount is 2 parts by mass or less.
- the chain transfer agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetone, diethyl carbonate, and the like.
- the amount of monomers used for polymerization is usually 1:1 to 1:10, preferably 1:2 to 1:5, as a mass ratio of total monomers to water.
- Polymerization conditions such as polymerization temperature and polymerization time when carrying out suspension polymerization are not particularly limited, and, for example, known polymerization conditions may be employed.
- the polymerization temperature T is appropriately selected depending on the 10-hour half-life temperature T10 of the polymerization initiator, and is usually selected within the range of T10-25°C ⁇ T ⁇ T10+25°C.
- T10 of t-butyl peroxypivalate and diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate is 54.6°C and 40.5°C, respectively (see NOF Corporation product catalog).
- the polymerization temperature T is 29.6°C ⁇ T ⁇ 79.6°C and 15.5°C ⁇ T ⁇ , respectively.
- the temperature is appropriately selected within the range of 65.5°C.
- the polymerization time is not particularly limited, and in consideration of productivity etc., it is preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- the positive electrode active material layer includes components other than the above-described positive electrode active material (A), solid electrolyte (B), and binder (C) (hereinafter also referred to as "other components"), as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. ) may also be included. All known additives can be used as other components, such as conductive aids, insulating inorganic fillers such as alumina, magnesia, and silica, and insulating materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, and polyacrylonitrile.
- Examples include organic fillers, plasticizers such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate, Li salts such as LiPF 6 , LiFSI, and LiTFSI, dispersants, flame retardants, antifoaming agents, and the like.
- plasticizers such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate
- Li salts such as LiPF 6 , LiFSI, and LiTFSI
- dispersants flame retardants, antifoaming agents, and the like.
- Examples of the conductive aid (D) include carbon black and carbon nanotubes. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the conductive aid (D) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, and 0.1% by mass or more, based on 100.0% by mass of the positive electrode active material layer. It is more preferably 10% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 8.0% by mass or less.
- Electrode means a positive electrode.
- the electrode includes a current collector and the above-described positive electrode active material layer. By including the positive electrode active material layer, the electrode has the effect of suppressing interfacial resistance between the current collector and the positive electrode active material layer.
- a current collector is a terminal for extracting electricity.
- the material of the current collector is not particularly limited, and metal foil or metal mesh of aluminum, copper, iron, stainless steel, steel, nickel, titanium, etc. can be used. Alternatively, the surface of another medium may be coated with the metal foil, metal mesh, or the like.
- the bulk density of the electrode is not particularly limited, and is preferably, for example, 1.5 g/cm 3 or more and 5 g/cm 3 or less.
- the basis weight of the electrode is not particularly limited, and is preferably, for example, 20 g/m 2 or more and 1000 g/m 2 or less.
- Electrode manufacturing method As a method for manufacturing an electrode, for example, the above-mentioned positive electrode active material (A), solid electrolyte (B), binder (C), other components as necessary, and a nonaqueous solvent (S) are mixed.
- An example of an embodiment includes a step of preparing a positive electrode slurry, and a step of applying the obtained positive electrode slurry to a current collector and then drying it. That is, in the embodiment described above, the positive electrode active material layer and the electrode are also manufactured through the step of drying the positive electrode slurry.
- nonaqueous solvent examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter also referred to as "NMP"), dimethylformamide, N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N - dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylphosphoramide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, tetramethylurea, triethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, and tetrahydrofuran. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- dimethylformamide N-dimethylformamide
- N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethylsulfoxide
- N,N - dimethyl sulfoxide hexamethylphosphoramide
- dioxane tetrahydrofuran
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and for example, a doctor blade method, a reverse roll method, a comma bar method, a gravure method, an air knife method, a die coating method, a dip coating method, etc. can be applied.
- the drying temperature is, for example, preferably 80°C or more and 300°C or less, more preferably 90°C or more and 200°C or less, and even more preferably 100°C or more and 180°C or less.
- the drying time is preferably, for example, 10 seconds or more and 300 minutes or less, and more preferably 1 minute or more and 200 minutes or less. Drying may be performed multiple times at different temperatures. Pressure may be applied during drying.
- the all-solid-state battery includes the electrodes of the embodiments described above.
- conventionally known members other than the positive electrode such as a negative electrode and a separator, can be used.
- the semi-solid battery comprises the electrodes of the embodiments described above.
- conventionally known members other than the positive electrode such as a negative electrode and a separator, can be used.
- the amount of electrolyte contained in the semi-solid battery is preferably 1 to 95%, more preferably 1 to 90%, and 1 to 80%, when the volume of electrolyte contained in a conventional secondary battery is 100%. is even more preferable.
- Example 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 ⁇ Materials used> In Examples and Comparative Examples, the following A1 was used as the positive electrode active material (A).
- B1 Li 1+x+y Al x Ti 2x Si y P 3y O 12 (LATP) (manufactured by Ohara Corporation, "LICGC TM PW-01 (particle size 1 ⁇ m)”)
- Binder C1 contained 97.4% by mass of VDF, 2.3% by mass of HFP, and 0.3% by mass of MMM based on all structural units.
- the intrinsic viscosity ( ⁇ ) of the binder C1 was 3.1 dL/g.
- the amount of each monomer in the binder C1 is determined by calculating the VDF/HFP ratio by 19F-NMR and calculating the VDF/MMM ratio by the method described below, so that the total of VDF, HFP, and MMM becomes 100 mol%. It was calculated by calculating as follows.
- VDF/MMM ratio (molar ratio of the amount of structural units derived from vinylidene fluoride to the amount of structural units derived from monomethyl maleate) in the polymer is determined by the IR spectrum disclosed in WO International Publication No. 2009/084483. Calculated based on a calculation method using a calibration curve.
- binder C2 (VDF/HFP/MMM) Except that the amount of ion-exchanged water was changed to 259 parts by mass, methyl cellulose to 0.15 parts by mass, VDF to 90 parts by mass, the amount of HFP to 10 parts by mass, MMM to 0.5 parts by mass, and IPP to 0.5 parts by mass. , VDF, HFP, and MMM were polymerized to obtain binder C2 in the same manner as in the preparation example of binder C1. Binder C2 contained 92.5% by mass of VDF, 7.0% by mass of HFP, and 0.5% by mass of MMM based on all structural units. The intrinsic viscosity ( ⁇ ) of binder C2 was 2.6 dL/g.
- binder C3 (VDF/APS)
- VDF/APS acryloyloxypropylsuccinic acid
- IPP acryloyloxypropylsuccinic acid
- Binder C3 was obtained by polymerizing VDF and APS in the same manner as in the preparation example of Binder C1.
- Binder C3 contained 99.0% by mass of VDF and 1.0% by mass of APS based on all structural units.
- the intrinsic viscosity ( ⁇ ) of binder C3 was 2.5 dL/g.
- Binder C1 (Example of preparation of binder C4 (VDF/HFP/APS)) Binder C1 except that 273 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 parts by mass of methylcellulose, 92 parts by mass of VDF, 2 parts by mass of HFP, 0.5 parts by mass of APS, and 0.4 parts by mass of IPP were used. Binder C4 was obtained by polymerizing VDF, HFP and APS in the same manner as in the preparation example. Binder C4 contained 94.1% by mass of VDF, 5.4% by mass of HFP, and 0.5% by mass of APS based on all structural units. The intrinsic viscosity ( ⁇ ) of binder C4 was 2.1 dL/g.
- binder C5 (VDF/HFP/APS) 256 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 parts by mass of methyl cellulose, 90 parts by mass of VDF, 10 parts by mass of HFP, 0.5 parts by mass of APS, 1.0 parts by mass of IPP, 0.22 parts by mass of ethyl acetate.
- VDF, HFP, and APS were polymerized to obtain binder C5 in the same manner as in the preparation example of binder C1 except that parts by mass were used.
- Binder C5 contained 91.8% by mass of VDF, 7.7% by mass of HFP, and 0.5% by mass of APS based on all structural units.
- the intrinsic viscosity ( ⁇ ) of binder C5 was 2.6 dL/g.
- binder C6 (PVDF)) Same as the preparation example of binder C1 except that 231.8 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 parts by mass of methyl cellulose, 100 parts by mass of VDF, 0.7 parts by mass of IPP, and 0.7 parts by mass of ethyl acetate were used. VDF was polymerized in a similar manner to obtain binder C6. Binder C6 contained 100.0% by mass of VDF based on all structural units. The intrinsic viscosity ( ⁇ ) of binder C6 was 2.1 dL/g.
- binder C7 (VDF/HFP/MMM) 290 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water, 0.1 parts by mass of methyl cellulose, 85 parts by mass of VDF, 15 parts by mass of HFP, 0.5 parts by mass of MMM, 0.9 parts by mass of IPP, 0.3 parts by mass of ethyl acetate.
- VDF, HFP, and MMM were polymerized to obtain binder C7 in the same manner as in the preparation example of binder C1 except that the parts by mass were changed.
- Binder C7 contained 87.6% by mass of VDF, 11.9% by mass of HFP, and 0.5% by mass of MMM based on all structural units.
- the intrinsic viscosity ( ⁇ ) of binder C7 was 1.3 dL/g.
- binder C8 (VDF/HFP) Binder except that 253 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water, 0.05 parts by mass of methyl cellulose, 90 parts by mass of VDF, 10 parts by mass of HFP, 0.4 parts by mass of IPP, and 1.0 parts by mass of ethyl acetate were used. VDF and HFP were polymerized in the same manner as in the production example of C1 to obtain binder C8. Binder C8 contained 93.0% by mass of VDF and 7.0% by mass of HFP based on all structural units. Moreover, the intrinsic viscosity ( ⁇ ) of binder C8 was 1.9 dL/g.
- D1 Carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion liquid
- S1 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
- binder solution N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- each of the obtained positive electrode slurries was applied to an Al foil (thickness: 15 ⁇ m), and then dried at 120°C.
- Each of the obtained preliminary positive electrodes was pressed and further heat treated at 120° C. for 3 hours. Thereby, each positive electrode having an electrode bulk density of 2.3 g/cm 3 and a basis weight of 200 g/m 2 was obtained.
- binder C6 which is a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride
- binder C7 VDF/HFP/MMM
- the structural unit (Ca) derived from vinylidene fluoride is less than 90% by mass
- the peel strength was 67 at the maximum. It was only 4gf/mm.
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Abstract
Description
また、例えば、特許文献2には、正極活物質層に、正極活物質と、固体電解質と、イン液体としてLiFSIおよびLiPF6を含有し、バインダーとしてPVDFを含有することによって、集電箔の腐食を抑制し、高い充放電効率を実現し得ることが開示されている。
前記バインダー(C)が、フッ化ビニリデンに由来する構成単位(C-a)と、フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する構成単位(C-b)と、を含有するフッ化ビニリデン共重合体であって、
フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する前記構成単位(C-b)が、不飽和二塩基酸、不飽和二塩基酸モノエステル、および下記式(C-1)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1つに由来する構成単位を含有し、
前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が含有する全構成単位を100.0質量%とした場合、フッ化ビニリデンに由来する前記構成単位(C-a)が90.0質量%以上である、正極活物質層。
[3] 前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が、前記構成単位(C-b)とは異なる構成単位として、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンに由来する構成単位を含有し、
前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が含有する全構成単位を100.0質量%とした場合、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンに由来する前記構成単位が2.0質量%以上8.0質量%以下である、[2]に記載の正極活物質層。
[4] フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する前記構成単位(C-b)が、不飽和二塩基酸モノエステルに由来する前記構成単位を含有し、
前記不飽和二塩基酸モノエステルが、マレイン酸モノメチルである、[1]から[3]のいずれか1つに記載の正極活物質層。
[5] 前記固体電解質(B)が酸化物系固体電解質である、[1]から[4]のいずれか1つに記載の正極活物質層。
[6] 前記固体電解質(B)が、下記式(B-1):
Li1+x+yAlxTi2xSiyP3yO12 ・・・(B-1)
(式(B-1)中、xおよびyは、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1を満たす。)
で表される材料を含む、[5]に記載の正極活物質層。
[7] 前記正極活物質(A)が、リン酸金属リチウムを含有し、
前記リン酸金属リチウムが、LiFePO4、LiMnPO4、LiCoPO4、およびLiNiPO4からなる群より選択される、[1]から[6]のいずれか1つに記載の正極活物質層。
[8] 集電体と、[1]から[7]のいずれか1つに記載の正極活物質層を備える電極。
[9] [8]に記載の電極を備える半固体電池または全固体電池。
正極活物質層は、正極活物質(A)と、固体電解質(B)と、バインダー(C)とを含有する。
正極活物質層に含まれるバインダー(C)は、フッ化ビニリデンに由来する構成単位(C-a)と、フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する構成単位(C-b)と、を含有するフッ化ビニリデン共重合体である。
フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する構成単位(C-b)は、不飽和二塩基酸、不飽和二塩基酸モノエステル、および後述する下記式(C-1)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1つに由来する構成単位を含有する。
正極活物質層が特定のバインダー(C)を含有することにより、正極活物質層と集電体間の接着性に優れた電極を形成することができる。
正極活物質(A)としては、特に限定されず、例えば、従来公知の正極用の電極活物質を用いることができる。正極用の電極活物質としては、少なくともリチウムを含むリチウム系正極用電極活物質が好ましい。リチウム系正極用電極活物質としては、例えば、一般式LixMyOz(Mは遷移金属元素であり、x=0.02~2.2、y=1~2、z=1.4~4である。)で表される正極活物質を挙げることができる。上記一般式において、Mは、Co、Mn、Ni、V、FeおよびSiからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種が挙げられ、Co、NiおよびMnからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であってよい。このような正極活物質としては、具体的には、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiNiO2、LiVO2、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、LiMn2O4、Li(Ni0.5Mn1.5)O4、Li2FeSiO4、Li2MnSiO4等が挙げられる。
正極活物質が粒子である場合の当該粒子の平均粒径(D50)は、例えば1nm以上100μm以下であることが好ましく、10nm以上30μm以下であることがより好ましい。
Liイオン伝導性酸化物としては、例えば、LiNbO3、Li4Ti5O12、及びLi3PO4等が挙げられる。
コート層の厚さの下限は、0.1nm以上であることが好ましく、1nm以上であることがより好ましい。コート層の厚さの上限は、100nm以下であることが好ましく、20nm以下であることがより好ましい。
固体電解質(B)としては、硫化物系固体電解質、及び酸化物系固体電解質等を用いることができる。このなかでも、電解質の安全性、安定性の観点から、酸化物系固体電解質を用いることが好ましい。
Li1+x+yAlxTi2-xSiyP3-yO12 ・・・(1)
(式(1)中、xおよびyは、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1を満たす。)
で表される材料を含むことが好ましい。
バインダー(C)は、フッ化ビニリデンに由来する構成単位(C-a)と、フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する構成単位(C-b)と、を含有するフッ化ビニリデン共重合体である。
フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する上記構成単位(C-b)は、不飽和二塩基酸、不飽和二塩基酸モノエステル、および後述する式(C-1)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1つに由来する構成単位を含有する。
フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が含有する全構成単位を100.0質量%とした場合、フッ化ビニリデンに由来する上記構成単位(C-a)が90.0質量%以上である。
バインダー(C)は、固体電解質とその他の部材(集電体、活物質、導電助剤等)の接着性を向上させることを目的として用いられる。
他のモノマーとしては、例えば、フッ化ビニリデン以外の含フッ素単量体由来の構成単位;エチレンおよびプロピレン等の炭化水素系単量体由来の構成単位等が含まれる。
含フッ素単量体の例には、フッ化ビニル、トリフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、ヘキサフルオロエチレン、フルオロアルキルビニルエーテル、およびパーフルオロメチルビニルエーテルに代表されるパーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル等が含まれる。これらの中でも、クロロトリフルオロエチレンまたはヘキサフルオロプロピレンが好ましく、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンがより好ましい。
バインダー(C)の製造方法は特に限定されず、通常は、懸濁重合、乳化重合、溶液重合等の方法で行われる。後処理の容易さ等の点から水系の懸濁重合、乳化重合が好ましく、水系の懸濁重合がより好ましい。
正極活物質層は、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、前述した正極活物質(A)と、固体電解質(B)と、バインダー(C)以外の成分(以下、「他の成分」ともいう。)を含有してもよい。他の成分としては、公知の添加剤であれば全て使用することができ、例えば、導電助剤、アルミナやマグネシアやシリカ等の絶縁性無機フィラー、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンやポリイミドやポリアクリロニトリル等の絶縁性有機フィラー、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート等の可塑剤、LiPF6、LiFSI、LiTFSI等のLi塩、分散剤、難燃剤、消泡剤等が挙げられる。
電極とは、正極電極を意味する。電極は、集電体と、前述した正極活物質層を備える。
上記正極活物質層を備えることにより、電極は、集電体と正極活物質層との界面抵抗が抑制されるという効果を奏する。
集電体は、電気を取り出すための端子である。集電体の材質としては、特に限定されるものではなく、アルミニウム、銅、鉄、ステンレス鋼、鋼、ニッケル、チタン等の金属箔あるいは金属網等を用いることができる。また、他の媒体の表面に上記金属箔あるいは金属網等を施したものであってもよい。
電極の目付量としては、特に限定されず、例えば、20g/m2以上1000g/m2以下であることが好ましい。
電極の製造方法としては、例えば、前述した正極活物質(A)と、固体電解質(B)と、バインダー(C)と、必要に応じて他の成分と、非水溶媒(S)とを混合して正極スラリーを作製する工程、得られた正極スラリーを集電体に塗布した後、乾燥させる工程を含む態様が挙げられる。すなわち、上記実施態様では、正極スラリーを乾燥させる工程を経て、正極活物質層が作製されるとともに、電極も作製される。
乾燥時間としては、例えば、10秒以上300分以下であることが好ましく、1分以上200分以下であることがより好ましい。
乾燥は、異なる温度で複数回行ってもよい。乾燥の際には、圧力を印加してもよい。
全固体電池は、前述した実施態様の電極を備える。全固体電池としては、正極以外の部材、例えば、負極、セパレータ等は従来公知のものを用いることができる。
半固体電池は、前述した実施態様の電極を備える。半固体電池としては、正極以外の部材、例えば、負極、セパレータ等は従来公知のものを用いることができる。半固体電池に含有される電解液量は、従来の二次電池に含まれる電解液の体積を100%としたとき、1~95%が好ましく、1~90%がより好ましく、1~80%がさらに好ましい。
<使用材料>
実施例および比較例において、正極活物質(A)として、下記A1を用いた。
A1:LiFePO4
B1:Li1+x+yAlx Ti2x Siy P3yO12(LATP)(オハラ社製、「LICGCTMPW-01(粒径1μm)」)
なお、使用したモノマーは、以下の通りである。
(1)フッ化ビニリデンに由来する構成単位(C-a)を与えるモノマー:
フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)
(2)フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する構成単位(C-b)を与えるモノマー:
マレイン酸モノメチル(MMM)(不飽和二塩基酸モノエステル)
アクリロイロキシプロピルコハク酸(APS)(上記式(C-2)で表される化合物)
(3)構成単位(C-c)を与えるモノマー:
ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)
各バインダー80mgを、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド20mlに溶解させ、バインダー含有溶液を準備した。そして、当該バインダー含有溶液の粘度η1を、30℃の恒温槽内でウベローデ粘度計を用いて測定した。同様に、30℃の恒温槽内でウベローデ粘度計を用いて、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドの粘度η0を測定した。そして、以下の式に基づき、固有粘度ηを求めた。
固有粘度η=(1/C)・ln(η1/η0)
容積2Lのオートクレーブに、イオン交換水240.2質量部、メチルセルロース0.2質量部、フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)97質量部、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)3質量部、マレイン酸モノメチル(MMM)0.3質量部、ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート(IPP)0.47質量部を入れ、26℃で重合した。得られた共重合体を、95℃で60分間熱処理した後、脱水、水洗し、さらに80℃で20時間乾燥して、バインダーC1を得た。バインダーC1には、全構成単位に対して、VDFが97.4質量%、HFPが2.3質量%、MMMが0.3質量%含まれていた。バインダーC1の固有粘度(η)は3.1dL/gであった。なお、バインダーC1中の各モノマーの量は、VDF/HFP比を、19F-NMRによって算出し、VDF/MMM比を後述の方法により算出した後、VDF、HFPおよびMMMの合計が100mol%になるように計算することにより求めた。重合体中のVDF/MMM比(フッ化ビニリデンに由来する構成単位の量とマレイン酸モノメチルに由来する構成単位の量とのモル比)はWO国際公開第2009/084483号に開示されたIRスペクトルと検量線を用いた算出方法に基づき算出した。
イオン交換水を259質量部、メチルセルロースを0.15質量部、VDFを90質量部、HFPの量を10質量部、MMMを0.5質量部、IPPを0.5質量部に変更した以外は、バインダーC1の作製例と同様の方法で、VDF、HFP、およびMMMを重合し、バインダーC2を得た。バインダーC2には、全構成単位に対してVDFが92.5質量%、HFPが7.0質量%、MMMが0.5質量%含まれていた。バインダーC2の固有粘度(η)は2.6dL/gであった。
イオン交換水を231.3質量部、メチルセルロースを0.05質量部、VDFを99質量部、アクリロイロキシプロピルコハク酸(APS)を1.0質量部、IPPを0.5質量部使用した以外はバインダーC1の作製例と同様の方法で、VDFおよびAPSを重合し、バインダーC3を得た。バインダーC3には、全構成単位に対してVDFが99.0質量%、APSが1.0質量%含まれていた。バインダーC3の固有粘度(η)は2.5dL/gであった。
イオン交換水を273質量部、メチルセルロースを0.05質量部、VDFを92質量部、、HFPを2質量部、APSを0.5質量部、IPPを0.4質量部使用した以外はバインダーC1の作製例と同様の方法で、VDF、HFPおよびAPSを重合し、バインダーC4を得た。バインダーC4には、全構成単位に対してVDFが94.1質量%、HFPが5.4質量%、APSが0.5質量%含まれていた。バインダーC4の固有粘度(η)は2.1dL/gであった。
イオン交換水を256量部、メチルセルロースを0.05質量部、VDFを90質量部、HFPを10質量部、APSを0.5質量部、IPPを1.0質量部、酢酸エチルを0.22質量部使用した以外はバインダーC1の作製例と同様の方法で、VDF、HFP、およびAPSを重合し、バインダーC5を得た。バインダーC5には、全構成単位に対してVDFが91.8質量%、HFPが7.7質量%、APSが0.5質量%含まれていた。バインダーC5の固有粘度(η)は2.6dL/gであった。
イオン交換水を231.8質量部、メチルセルロースを0.05質量部、VDFを100質量部、IPPを0.7質量部、酢酸エチルを0.7質量部使用した以外はバインダーC1の作製例と同様の方法で、VDFを重合し、バインダーC6を得た。バインダーC6には、全構成単位に対してVDFが100.0質量%含まれていた。バインダーC6の固有粘度(η)は2.1dL/gであった。
イオン交換水を290質量部、メチルセルロースを0.1質量部、VDFを85質量部、HFPを15質量部、MMMを0.5質量部、IPPを0.9質量部、酢酸エチルを0.3質量部に変更した以外は、バインダーC1の作製例と同様の方法で、VDF、HFP、およびMMMを重合し、バインダーC7を得た。バインダーC7には、全構成単位に対してVDFが87.6質量%、HFPが11.9質量%、MMMが0.5質量%含まれていた。バインダーC7の固有粘度(η)は1.3dL/gであった。
イオン交換水を253質量部、メチルセルロースを0.05質量部、VDFを90質量部、HFPを10質量部、IPPを0.4質量部、酢酸エチルを1.0質量部使用した以外は、バインダーC1の作製例と同様の方法で、VDFおよびHFPを重合し、バインダーC8を得た。バインダーC8には、全構成単位に対してVDFが93.0質量%、HFPが7.0質量%含まれていた。また、バインダーC8の固有粘度(η)は1.9dL/gであった。
D1:カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)分散液
S1:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)
バインダー(C)の濃度が任意の濃度となるように、各バインダー(C)を室温でN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に分散し、その後溶液温度を50℃に昇温して各バインダー(C)を溶解させた(以下、「バインダー溶液」と称す。)。正極活物質(A)、固体電解質(B)、導電助剤(D)、および上記各バインダー溶液を用い、正極活物質(A)/固体電解質(B)/導電助剤(D)/バインダー(C)=90/10/2/10(質量%)となるように各成分を混合し、各正極スラリーを得た。正極スラリーの固形分はNMPを用いて調整した。
得られた各正極スラリーをAl箔(厚さ15μm)に塗布した後、120℃で乾燥させた。得られた各予備正極電極をプレスし、120℃で3時間熱処理をさらに実施した。これにより、電極嵩密度が2.3g/cm3、目付け量が200g/m2である各正極電極を得た。
得られた各正極電極の剥離強度を、以下の方法に従い測定した。
得られた各正極電極を2.0cm×5.0cmのサイズに切り出し、各正極電極の正極活物質層側に両面テープを貼り、該正極活物質層とアクリル板とを張り合わせて4MPaで20秒間プレスをした。アクリル板上に固定された上記正極電極のAl箔を半分剥がしてチャックに挟み、JIS K6854-1に準拠して測定を行った。測定条件は、ヘッド速度10mm/min、チャック間距離10mmとし、90℃剥離にて測定した。結果を表2に示す。
一方、フッ化ビニリデンに由来する構成単位(C-a)と、フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する特定の構成単位(C-b)とを含有し、構成単位(C-a)の含有量が90質量%以上であるバインダーC1~C5を含む正極活物質層では、実施例1~5に示すように、剥離強度が最小でも107.5gf/mmを示し、接着性が大きく向上したことが分かる。
Claims (9)
- 正極活物質(A)と、固体電解質(B)と、バインダー(C)とを含有する、正極活物質層であって、
前記バインダー(C)が、フッ化ビニリデンに由来する構成単位(C-a)と、フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する構成単位(C-b)と、を含有するフッ化ビニリデン共重合体であって、
フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する前記構成単位(C-b)が、不飽和二塩基酸、不飽和二塩基酸モノエステル、および下記式(C-1)で表される化合物から選択される少なくとも1つに由来する構成単位を含有し、
前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が含有する全構成単位を100.0質量%とした場合、フッ化ビニリデンに由来する前記構成単位(C-a)が90.0質量%以上である、正極活物質層。
(式(C-1)において、R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、塩素原子または炭素数1~5のアルキル基であり、X1は、主鎖が原子数1~19で構成される分子量472以下の原子団であり、かつ酸素原子および窒素原子から選ばれる少なくとも一つのヘテロ原子を含む。) - 前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の固有粘度が2.3dL/g以上である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質層。
- 前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が、前記構成単位(C-b)とは異なる構成単位として、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンに由来する構成単位を含有し、
前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体が含有する全構成単位を100.0質量%とした場合、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンに由来する前記構成単位が2.0質量%以上8.0質量%以下である、請求項2に記載の正極活物質層。 - フッ化ビニリデン以外のモノマーに由来する前記構成単位(C-b)が、不飽和二塩基酸モノエステルに由来する前記構成単位を含有し、
前記不飽和二塩基酸モノエステルが、マレイン酸モノメチルである、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質層。 - 前記固体電解質(B)が酸化物系固体電解質である、請求項1または2に記載の正極活物質層。
- 前記固体電解質(B)が、下記式(B-1):
Li1+x+yAlxTi2xSiyP3yO12 ・・・(B-1)
(式(B-1)中、xおよびyは、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1を満たす。)
で表される材料を含む、請求項5に記載の正極活物質層。 - 前記正極活物質(A)が、リン酸金属リチウムを含有し、
前記リン酸金属リチウムが、LiFePO4、LiMnPO4、LiCoPO4、およびLiNiPO4からなる群より選択される、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質層。 - 集電体と、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質層を備える電極。
- 請求項8に記載の電極を備える半固体電池または全固体電池。
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| JP2003317722A (ja) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-07 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | 非水系二次電池電極用バインダー組成物、電極合剤組成物、電極および二次電池 |
| JP2007194202A (ja) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-08-02 | Sony Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| WO2009084483A1 (ja) | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-09 | Kureha Corporation | 接着性フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂シート |
| WO2020059806A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池 |
| JP2020113444A (ja) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池用の正極活物質層 |
| JP2020126807A (ja) | 2019-02-06 | 2020-08-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池用正極活物質層 |
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| JP2003317722A (ja) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-07 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | 非水系二次電池電極用バインダー組成物、電極合剤組成物、電極および二次電池 |
| JP2007194202A (ja) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-08-02 | Sony Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| WO2009084483A1 (ja) | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-09 | Kureha Corporation | 接着性フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂シート |
| WO2020059806A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池 |
| JP2020113444A (ja) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池用の正極活物質層 |
| JP2020126807A (ja) | 2019-02-06 | 2020-08-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池用正極活物質層 |
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