WO2024018714A1 - 積層材並びにその製造方法及び応用 - Google Patents
積層材並びにその製造方法及び応用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024018714A1 WO2024018714A1 PCT/JP2023/016153 JP2023016153W WO2024018714A1 WO 2024018714 A1 WO2024018714 A1 WO 2024018714A1 JP 2023016153 W JP2023016153 W JP 2023016153W WO 2024018714 A1 WO2024018714 A1 WO 2024018714A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plant
- sheet material
- base material
- sheet
- laminated
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/10—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/042—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
- B32B2262/065—Lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. jute, sisal, hemp, flax, bamboo
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to laminate materials. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a laminated material and surface modification method using plant materials.
- plant materials such as wood have been used for various purposes such as building materials and furniture components.
- high-grade wood for the surface layer of the member because it has a beautiful and luxurious appearance and is pleasant to the touch, but high-grade wood is generally expensive.
- due to the depletion of forest resources in recent years it has become difficult to obtain high-quality wood.
- wood is difficult to pressure mold and must be processed by cutting.
- Patent Document 1 Utility Model Application Publication No. 5-35208
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-50408 discloses a method of forming a wood grain pattern that brings a sense of luxury to the surface of a wooden board by pressing the surface of the wood board to form a woodgrain uneven pattern and then coloring it.
- a decorative building material is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-8-60800 (Patent Document 3), a prismatic core wood exists in the center, a plate-shaped covering wood exists around this core wood, and the core wood and the covering wood are bonded and integrated. Composite wood columns have been proposed. Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for providing high-quality wood pillars at low cost by using high-quality wood for covering wood.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that old large furniture with deteriorated wood quality is dismantled and disassembled, the solid wood surfaces of each surface are polished and painted, and then assembled to create a concrete house. A method for collecting chests of drawers made of solid wood is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a scratch repair coating method for repairing scratches on the surface of a wooden material. This method includes a putty application step, a leveling step, a curing step, a surface polishing step, a sealer application step, a sealer removal step, and a coloring step.
- Patent Document 6 describes a process of filling a filler made of a synthetic resin material into a damaged part of a wooden product, and applying an instant adhesive and a curing accelerator for instant adhesives to the surface and surroundings of the filled part.
- a method for repairing scratches on wood products is disclosed, the method comprising: applying a coating;
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2008-260238 (Patent Document 7) describes a matting step of forming a mat containing vegetable fibers, a steam treatment step of exposing the mat to steam at a temperature of 150° C. or higher, and a step of exposing the mat to steam-treated mat.
- a plant fiber molded article is disclosed that is obtained by a molding process in which the molded article is obtained by shaping under pressure.
- Patent Document 8 discloses that after a plurality of oil palm thin plates are stacked with their fiber directions crossing each other, a compressive force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the laminated oil palm thin plates is applied.
- JP 2018-64934A discloses a birch bark-derived laminate whose layers are fixed to each other by adhesive bonds generated by heat introduction.
- Pulp mold is a paper molded product made by dissolving plant fibers (mainly waste paper) in water, making them intertwined, molding them in a mold, and then drying them, and is mainly used as packaging containers.
- plant fibers mainly waste paper
- thermoformed molds in order to obtain thinner pulp molds with complex shapes, a shaping technology using thermoformed molds has been proposed, but since pulp molds are made of paper, they have water permeability and air permeability, and depending on the application. The problem is that it cannot be used.
- Patent Document 10 discloses a material in which a synthetic resin film layer is laminated on one side of a pulp molded product, and a synthetic resin film layer is laminated on the other side.
- Water-resistant pulp molded containers are disclosed that have a waterproof layer that is either laminated or coated with a waterproof paint.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a desired sense of luxury can be created for ceiling materials that can be observed with the naked eye from a distance of 1 m or more, but for furniture, fittings, etc. that can be seen from a distance of 30 cm or more, It has a strong artificial feel and is unnatural, so you may not be able to get the luxury feeling of natural wood.
- Patent Document 3 a product that is made of almost 100% wood material except for the adhesive and has an appearance similar to high-grade wood is provided, but the high-grade wood itself of a size suitable for the covering material is expensive. However, the problem remains that it is difficult to obtain.
- non-wood materials such as paint, adhesive, putty, sealer, etc. are used. Therefore, these products are not 100% plant-based and cannot be labeled as solid wood.
- synthetic adhesives derived from petroleum such as isocyanate adhesives, are used to bond pieces of wood together. Synthetic adhesives are also used when bonding wood (thinly sliced boards, etc.) to the surfaces of plastic, metal, ceramic materials, etc. Therefore, there are concerns about the problem of odor caused by the adhesive and the problem of so-called sick house syndrome caused by the chemicals contained.
- the cut pieces (sawdust) of these products also contain adhesive, there is a risk of generating toxic gas when incinerated.
- Patent Documents 7-9 propose wood materials that do not use adhesives, but sufficient adhesive strength cannot be obtained because they utilize the effects of lignin, hemicellulose, or trace components in tree bark as adhesive components. There may be no. Further, although the adhesive strength is improved by steam heating, there is a drawback that subsequent dehydration treatment and drying treatment are required, which complicates the process.
- Patent Document 10 since the technology disclosed in Patent Document 10 also uses a synthetic resin film, it is not possible to obtain a 100% bio-derived product, and most of the products are inferior in biodegradability. A technique for obtaining a 100% bio-based product by improving the air permeability and water permeability of a pulp mold has not yet been proposed.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a technique for laminating and bonding sheet materials made of 100% plant materials to various base materials without using adhesives containing synthetic resins, organic solvents, etc.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a laminate material that does not contain organic solvents and has a good appearance derived from plant materials, and a method for producing the same.
- Still another object of the present disclosure is to use a sheet material that is 100% bio-based and has excellent biodegradability to produce various base materials without using adhesives containing synthetic resins, organic solvents, etc. The purpose is to provide technology for bonding materials together.
- Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method that can modify the surface of a wood molded article without using an organic solvent or the like.
- the laminate material of the present disclosure includes a first base material and a sheet material laminated and integrated on the surface of the first base material.
- the material of the first base material is selected from the group consisting of biomass material, plastic, metal, ceramic, glass, pulp mold, and paper.
- the sheet material is formed substantially from plant-derived components.
- the infrared absorption spectrum of the sheet material shows an absorption peak in the region of 1715 to 1725 cm -1 .
- the density of the sheet material may be 0.2 g/cm 3 or more and 1.2 g/cm 3 or less.
- the plant-derived component may be one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Some or all of the hydroxyl groups possessed by cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin may be formylated.
- the sheet material may contain a divalent or higher fatty acid and/or an anhydride thereof.
- the laminated material may further include a second base material laminated and bonded to the first base material via a sheet material.
- the material of the second substrate may be selected from the group consisting of biomass material, plastic, metal, ceramic, glass, pulp mold, and paper.
- the present disclosure relates to a sheet material used for any of the above-mentioned laminate materials.
- the manufacturing method for any of the above-mentioned laminated materials includes (1) dissolving plant materials in an organic acid to obtain a plant solution, and (2) removing liquid components from the obtained plant solution to substantially dissolve the plant material. Obtaining a sheet material formed from derived components; and (3) laminating the sheet material on the surface of the first base material and heat-pressing the sheet material to form a laminate in which the sheet material and the first base material are integrated. Including obtaining materials. The manufacturing method may further include polishing the first substrate before laminating the sheet materials.
- the method for producing laminated materials includes (1) dissolving plant raw materials in an organic acid to obtain a plant solution, and (2) removing liquid components from the obtained plant solution to substantially produce the plant material. Obtaining a sheet material formed from the derived components, and (3) installing the sheet material between the first base material and the second base material and heat-pressing the first base material and the second base material. This includes laminating and bonding materials. The manufacturing method may further include polishing the first base material and the second base material before installing the sheet material.
- the plant material may be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, or a mixture thereof.
- the organic acid may be one or more selected from the group consisting of formic acid, glyoxylic acid, and pyruvic acid.
- the temperature at which the plant material is dissolved in the organic acid may be 40°C or higher and 80°C or lower.
- the temperature of thermocompression bonding may be 220° C. or lower.
- the present disclosure relates to a method for surface modification of a molded article.
- This surface modification method consists of (1) dissolving a plant material in an organic acid to obtain a plant solution, and (2) removing a liquid component from the obtained plant solution to obtain a material formed substantially from plant-derived components. and (3) laminating the sheet material on the surface of the molded product and heat-pressing the sheet material.
- the adhesive of the present disclosure includes a plant solution obtained by dissolving a plant material in an organic acid, and/or a sheet material substantially consisting of a plant-derived component obtained by removing a liquid component from this plant solution.
- the plant material may be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass or a mixture thereof.
- the sheet material may contain a divalent or higher fatty acid and/or an anhydride thereof.
- the organic acid may be one or more selected from the group consisting of formic acid, glyoxylic acid, and pyruvic acid.
- the adhesive of the present disclosure includes a vegetable solution obtained by dissolving a vegetable raw material in an organic acid.
- the plant solution contains a plant-derived component, and the plant-derived component is one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Some or all of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin may be formylated.
- various plant materials such as wood chips and wood flour can be used as raw materials for the plant solution and sheet material. Therefore, even if the base material is low-quality wood, by laminating the base material with a sheet material obtained from the wood flour produced during sawing of high-quality wood as a plant material, it is possible to create a laminated material with the desired luxury feel. Obtainable. Furthermore, this sheet material can join and integrate base materials made of various materials without using chemicals such as adhesives. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a laminate material that has the feel and aesthetic appearance derived from plant materials and has no residual organic solvent or the like. Furthermore, by laminating these sheet materials, the surface of molded products made of various materials can be modified without using chemicals such as adhesives. Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, an adhesive that does not contain an organic solvent can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is an external photograph of the laminate material of Example 85.
- FIG. 2 is an external photograph of the laminated material of Example 87.
- FIG. 3 is an external photograph of Example 41.
- FIG. 4 is an external photograph of the laminate material of Example 43.
- FIG. 5 is an external photograph of the base material used for manufacturing the laminate materials of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph of the appearance of the base material used to manufacture the laminates shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph of the appearance of the sheet material of Production Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph of the appearance of the sheet material of Production Example 2.
- FIG. 9 is an external photograph of the sheet material of Production Example 5.
- FIG. 10 is an electron micrograph (500x magnification) showing the surface condition of the sheet material of Production Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is an electron micrograph (500x magnification) showing the surface condition of the sheet material of Production Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is an electron micrograph (500x magnification) showing the
- FIG. 11 is an electron micrograph (500x magnification) showing the surface condition of the sheet material of Production Example 4.
- FIG. 12 is an external photograph of the laminate material of Example 130.
- FIG. 13 is an external photograph of the laminated material of Example 131.
- FIG. 14 is an external photograph of the laminated material of Example 133.
- FIG. 15 is an external photograph of the laminated material of Example 137.
- FIG. 16 is an external photograph of the laminate material of Example 138.
- FIG. 17 is an external photograph showing the laminate material of Example 139.
- FIG. 18 is an external photograph of the laminate material of Example 142.
- FIG. 19 is an external photograph of the sheet material of Production Example 8.
- FIG. 20 is an external photograph of the sheet material of Production Example 9.
- FIG. 21 is an external photograph of the sheet material of Production Example 10.
- X to Y indicating a range means “more than or equal to X and less than or equal to Y.”
- all test temperatures were room temperature (20°C ⁇ 5°C), and weight % means weight percent and does not mean mass concentration.
- t (ton), which is a unit of mass, means “metric ton”.
- the laminate material of the present disclosure includes a base material and a sheet material laminated and integrated on the surface of the base material.
- the laminate material of the present disclosure preferably includes sheet materials that are laminated and integrated such that at least one main surface of the base material and the main surface of the sheet material are in contact with each other.
- the surface with the largest contact area between the base material and the sheet material is referred to as the "principal surface.”
- the number of base materials and sheet materials included in the laminated material is not particularly limited, and a plurality of base materials and sheet materials may be alternately laminated and integrated.
- the laminate material of the present disclosure has a layered structure composed of a base material and a sheet material.
- the laminated material may include a first base material and a sheet material laminated and integrated on the surface of the first base material, and the first base material and the first base material and the sheet material may be integrated.
- the second base material may also include a second base material laminated and bonded via the second base material.
- first base material a first base material
- second base material a second base material
- the laminated material is not limited to a two-layer structure or a three-layer structure.
- the laminated material may include layers other than the sheet material and the base material within the range where the effects of the present disclosure can be obtained.
- sheet material refers to a thin, flat member, and is a concept that includes so-called sheets and films.
- stacked and integrated does not mean a state in which the base material and the sheet material are simply overlapped, but a state in which the sheet material is firmly fixed to the surface of the base material. As long as the sheet material and the base material are firmly attached, the interface between the base material and the sheet material may be clear or unclear.
- “Lamination adhesion” means a state in which the first base material and the second base material are firmly adhered (ie, integrated) via a sheet material.
- this laminated material is manufactured by heat-pressing the base material and the sheet material without using any chemical substances such as adhesives.
- the sheet material is formed by removing liquid components from a plant solution obtained by dissolving plant raw materials in an organic acid. Since the organic acid is removed as a liquid component, this sheet material is formed essentially only from plant-derived components. For example, when a plant material is used as the base material, a laminate material consisting essentially of plant-derived components and plant material is obtained.
- substantially means, for example, that the content of plant-derived components in the sheet material is 90% by weight or more, preferably 95% by weight or more, and ideally 100% by weight.
- the total content of the plant material and plant-derived components in the laminated material is 90% by weight or more, preferably 95% by weight or more, and ideally 100% by weight.
- the laminated material in this case can be said to be 100% plant material.
- a laminated material made of 100% plant materials can be obtained, but the sheet material or the laminated material may contain components other than plant-derived components and plant materials as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
- the sheet material may contain known additives to impart desired functionality to the laminate. Examples of such additives include conductive agents, magnetic powders, antibacterial agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbers.
- a laminated material that can suppress the accumulation of static electricity and reduce static electricity discharge during the drying period can be obtained. Furthermore, by adding magnetic powder to the sheet material, it is possible to obtain a laminate that can be attracted and fixed with a magnet, or a laminate that can shield electromagnetic waves emitted from the sun, electronic devices, etc.
- a laminated material obtained by adding an antibacterial agent to a sheet material can be used in sanitary and toiletry fields where antibacterial properties, antiviral properties, etc. are required, and in sanitary material applications. Furthermore, the addition of an antibacterial agent has the effect of suppressing biodegradation of the laminate itself and changes in appearance due to bacterial growth.
- Laminated materials obtained by adding flame retardants to sheet materials can be used in the construction field where fire resistance and the like are required.
- Laminated materials obtained by adding antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers to sheet materials can be used in the construction field where weather resistance, light resistance, etc. are required.
- a laminate material made of 100% plant materials can be obtained, but the sheet material or the laminate material may contain divalent or higher fatty acids and/or anhydrides thereof as components other than plant-derived components and plant materials. . If you want to surface-modify the laminated material and obtain a more glossy appearance, and/or if you want to integrate the base material and sheet material under milder conditions, the sheet material may be divalent. It is preferable that the above fatty acids and/or anhydrides thereof are included. Among the organic acids mentioned above, divalent or higher fatty acids that are not completely removed as liquid components from the plant solution are preferred. Note that specific fatty acids having a valence of two or more will be explained in detail in the section of [Sheet material].
- base material base material
- first base material base material
- second base material base material
- the material of the base material is not particularly limited as long as it is firmly fixed to the sheet material.
- the materials of the first base material and the second base material may be the same or different.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure includes a plant-derived component in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are formylated. Since formylated plant-derived components such as lignin and hemicellulose exhibit hydrophobicity, they are thought to be activated by heating and exhibit strong adhesive properties even if the base material is lipophilic.
- the material of the substrate may be selected from the group consisting of biomass material, plastic, metal, ceramic, glass, pulp mold, and paper. If necessary, the surface of the base material may be corona treated.
- the type of plastic used for the base material is not particularly limited.
- polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid, PEEK (polyetheretherketone resin), polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyester, PET (polyethylene phthalate), LCP (liquid crystal polymer), etc. can be used.
- the plastic may be a foam.
- Polyethylene is preferably used.
- metal used for the base material in the present disclosure iron, stainless steel, nickel, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, tinplate, etc. can be used.
- ceramic pottery such as earthenware can be used.
- the base material is paper, pulp mold, and biomass material.
- the paper may be kraft paper, hardwood pulp (LBKP), or softwood pulp (NBKP).
- Pulp derived from coniferous trees (NBKP) is thin but durable, hard to tear, and has high strength, so it is suitable for a wide range of applications.
- it may be a pulp derived from hardwood (LBKP) or a mixture of pulp derived from softwood (NBKP).
- the pulp mold may be a thick wall with a film thickness of 5 to 10 mm, a thermoformed mold, a pulp injection mold (PIM), a pulp foaming (PF), etc. It can be selected as appropriate depending on the desired load resistance and the like. Thick walls can be suitably used from the viewpoint of obtaining a base material that is thick and has high load resistance.
- the pulp material adsorbed and laminated on the shaping mold can be dried and solidified as it is without press molding.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure can be bonded to the smooth surface adsorbed to the shaping mold. As a result, a pulp mold with a modified surface is obtained.
- PIM is a technology for molding pulp by injection molding.
- Pulp molds with complex structures such as mating structures, bosses and ribs can be obtained as base materials.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure can be placed in a mold in advance, and pulp fiber mixed with starch as a binder can be injected into a molding machine as a raw material for the base material.
- the mold repeats delicate opening and closing movements to remove moisture in the base material and dry it. Heat.
- a surface-modified pulp mold can be obtained by cooling the mold and taking out the solidified molded product.
- the base material used in the present disclosure may be a foam product obtained by mixing paper powder, industrial starch, and synthetic resin, foaming with water vapor, and extrusion molding.
- This foam product has environmental advantages over other plastic foams and has the advantage of being usable in the same way as existing plastic foam products.
- a more preferable appearance and feel can be imparted to the molded article of a desired shape.
- the biomass material may be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, or a mixture thereof.
- herbaceous biomass include sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, wheat, wheat bran, tomato, onion, and cornflower.
- a typical woody biomass is wood.
- the type of wood is not particularly limited, and may be a broad-leaved tree or a coniferous tree.
- the part of the wood is not particularly limited, and may be heartwood, sapwood, or transitional wood, and may also be a part with knots, black veins, discoloration, etc., and has a rough texture and an aesthetic appearance. It may be a part that lacks. According to the present disclosure, even if the base material is a low-grade wood with an appearance that is not normally used as an exterior material, by laminating and integrating sheet materials, the laminated material has a beautiful and luxurious appearance. It can be used as a material.
- a wooden board or laminated wood may be used as the base material as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
- wood boards are made by mixing small pieces of wood with adhesives such as urea melamine resin and modified phenolic resin and then molding them under hot pressure.
- Laminated wood is a material made by mixing small pieces of wood with adhesives such as urea melamine resin and modified phenolic resin, and then molding them under heat. It is a material that is bonded together using adhesives such as adhesives.
- a wood board or laminated wood using the adhesive of the present disclosure which will be described later, is preferably used as the base material of the present disclosure.
- the adhesive of the present disclosure includes a plant-derived component in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are formylated, such as lignocellulose. Even if a part of this formylated lignocellulose were to decompose, the products would be formic acid, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and would not have a negative impact on the natural environment. With such a base material, the cut pieces (sawdust in wood) do not contain so-called chemical adhesives, so they can be safely disposed of in a landfill or incinerated.
- a laminated material that uses a wood board or laminated wood as a base material and includes sheet materials that are laminated and integrated with this base material has excellent durability.
- the laminated material based on a wooden board or laminated wood obtained using the adhesive of the present disclosure is a 100% plant material and is a material with excellent biodegradability.
- the herbaceous biomass described above can also be used as a raw material for wooden boards and laminated wood.
- the type of wooden board is not particularly limited.
- fiberboard obtained by molding fibrous wood chips particle board obtained by molding chip-like wood chips, oriented strand board (OSB), parallel strand lumber (PSL), oriented strand Lumbar (OSL) etc. can be selected as appropriate.
- the fiberboard may be medium density fiberboard (MDF), rigid fiberboard (hardboard), or soft fiberboard (insulation board).
- the type of laminated wood is not particularly limited either. In terms of classification by joining method, it may be any of scarf joint, finger joint, and pad joint. Bonding by finger joints with high adhesive strength is preferred. It may also be cross laminated board (CLT), veneer laminate (LVL), or plywood. Examples of tree species used as raw materials include Douglas fir, redwood, SPF (spruce, fir), Japanese cypress, Japanese toga, cedar, and larch.
- the presence of an absorption peak from 1715 to 1725 cm ⁇ 1 means that some or all of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contained as plant-derived components in this sheet material are formylated. Due to the presence of this absorption peak, the sheet material in the present disclosure is distinguished from those simply cut into a sheet from wood or those formed into a sheet by accumulating wood flour or the like.
- the infrared absorption spectrum of the sheet material shows the OH stretching vibration of cellulose and hemicellulose (around 3200 to 3600 cm -1 ), the CH stretching vibration of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (around 2840 to 3000 cm -1 ), and the skeletal vibration of the lignin benzene ring (around 2840 to 3000 cm -1). It may further have any or all of absorption peaks such as absorption peaks (near 1600 cm ⁇ 1 ), CO stretching vibrations of cellulose and hemicellulose (near 1060 cm ⁇ 1 ), etc.
- the sheet material consists essentially of plant-derived ingredients.
- the type of plant is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, wood such as coniferous trees (cedar, cypress, Japanese red pine, etc.), broad-leaved trees (eucalyptus, beech, etc.), and herbs such as rice, sugarcane, wheat, tomato, onion, Japanese sagebrush, etc. It may be of the same type. From the viewpoint that a luxurious appearance can be obtained even when the base material is low-quality wood, sheet materials made of components derived from so-called high-grade woods such as cedar and cypress are preferred.
- the plant-derived component may be one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
- the plant-derived component may include all of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and may include these in the form of lignocellulose.
- the form of lignocellulose means a form in which cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin form a higher-order structure in which they are intricately intertwined.
- cellulose which is a linear polymer, forms a crystalline structure through intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form strong microfibrils (cellulose microfibrils), and hemicelluloses such as xylan and glucomannan are added to this. It refers to a form in which lignin, which is an entangled and irregular aromatic polymer, fills the voids in the matrix of these polysaccharides.
- the total content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (or content as lignocellulose) in the sheet material is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of imparting an appearance similar to natural wood, the total content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin may be 90% by weight or more, 95% by weight or more, 98% by weight or more. It may be 100% by weight. Some or all of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin may be formylated.
- the total content of hemicellulose and lignin in the sheet material is also not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of improving adhesion to the base material and increasing pencil hardness, the total content of hemicellulose and lignin may be 5% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, and 15% by weight or more. good.
- the sheet material may contain a plant-derived fibrous substance.
- a laminated material with excellent durability can be obtained.
- the presence of this fibrous material can be confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
- the fibrous substance in the sheet material may be the aforementioned cellulose microfibrils.
- the fibrous material may be cellulose fibers that are not completely dissolved during the manufacturing process of the sheet material.
- This fibrous material may have a cellulose type I crystal structure.
- the presence of cellulose type I crystal structure can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement.
- X-ray diffraction measurement there is a method in which a sheet material portion is taken from a laminate material, freeze-dried, and the sample is measured using an X-ray diffraction measurement device (for example, "SmartLab” manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd.). Specifically, it can be measured by powder X-ray diffraction using a non-reflective silicon plate.
- a sheet material made of 100% plant material is obtained, but the sheet material may contain divalent or higher fatty acids and/or anhydrides thereof as components other than plant-derived components and plant materials. If you want to surface-modify the laminated material and obtain a glossier appearance, and/or if you want to integrate the base material and sheet material under milder conditions, you may want to add bivalent to the sheet material. It is preferable that the above fatty acids and/or anhydrides thereof are included.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure part or all of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contained as plant-derived components are formylated so that an absorption peak of 1715 to 1725 cm -1 is present. Moreover, the cellular structure of the wood has been dismantled.
- the sheet material or laminate material of the present disclosure that contains such plant-derived components and plant materials, and also contains a divalent or higher fatty acid and/or its anhydride can be obtained by simply adding a divalent or higher valent fatty acid to wood flour, wood, wood chips, etc. It is essentially different from a molded product obtained by blending fatty acids and/or their anhydrides and heat-treating the mixture.
- the ductility and adhesive strength (adhesiveness) of the sheet material are also improved.
- divalent or higher fatty acids are also referred to as polycarboxylic acids.
- "and/or” is used to include both “and” and “or.”
- divalent or higher fatty acids and/or their anhydrides include (i) divalent or higher fatty acids, (ii) divalent or higher fatty acid anhydrides, (iii) divalent or higher fatty acids and divalent or higher fatty acids. This term includes all fatty acid anhydrides, and has the same meaning as at least one selected from the group consisting of divalent or higher fatty acids and divalent or higher fatty acid anhydrides.
- divalent or higher fatty acids examples include succinic acid, adipic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, Acetone dicarboxylic acid, 3-oxoglutaric acid, 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, azelaic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, docosanedionic acid, ⁇ , ⁇ -alkanedicarboxylic acids, citric acid, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid , etc.
- polycarboxylic acids of polysaccharides are also mentioned as divalent or higher fatty acids.
- polysaccharide polycarboxylic acids include polyuronic acids such as alginic acid and pectin; polyuronic acids obtained by oxidizing the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
- the divalent or higher fatty acids and/or their anhydrides may be contained singly or in combination of two or more.
- the divalent or higher fatty acid and/or its anhydride is preferably citric acid and/or its anhydride.
- the content is 3 to 200 parts by weight based on a total of 100 parts by weight of the plant-derived components and plant materials that constitute the sheet material.
- the amount is preferably from 15 to 150 parts by weight, even more preferably from 20 to 100 parts by weight, and particularly preferably from 25 to 75 parts by weight.
- the constituent components other than the component consist essentially of plant-derived components and plant materials.
- the sheet material may contain hydroxy acids and/or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as components other than plant-derived components and plant materials.
- hydroxy acids include carboxylic acids and alcohols.
- Specific hydroxy acids include, for example, glycolic acid, lactic acid, glyceric acid, hydroxybutyric acid, citramalic acid, isocitric acid, leucinic acid, mevalonic acid, pantoic acid, ricinoleic acid, ricinelizic acid, cerebronic acid, quinic acid, and shikimic acid. , etc.
- At least one component selected from the group consisting of divalent or higher fatty acids, anhydrides of divalent or higher fatty acids, hydroxy acids, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which may be included in the sheet material, may be used as a crosslinking agent. It is thought that it has a function.
- the term "crosslinking agent” refers to an agent that crosslinks molecules of lignocellulose.
- a polyhydric alcohol and/or saccharide may be used together with the divalent or higher fatty acid and/or its anhydride.
- polyhydric alcohols and sugars include glycerin, ethylene glycol, sucrose, starch, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, dextran, pullulan, ⁇ -1,3 glucan, ⁇ -1,6 glucan, glucose, cellooligosaccharide, mannose, Examples include mannooligosaccharides, xylose, xylooligosaccharides, amino acids, peptides, and proteins.
- a laminated material made of 100% plant materials can be obtained, but the sheet material or the laminated material may contain plant-derived components and components other than plant materials (for example, additives such as conductive agents, magnetic powders, antibacterial agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbers) may be included.
- additives such as conductive agents, magnetic powders, antibacterial agents, flame retardants, antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbers
- the sheet material contains an additive, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 500 parts by weight, and preferably 3 to 100 parts by weight, based on a total of 100 parts by weight of the plant-derived components and plant materials constituting the sheet material. is more preferable, and even more preferably 5 to 75 parts by weight.
- the sheet material contains additives, it is preferable that the constituent components excluding the additives substantially consist of plant-derived components and plant materials.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure can be used for the above-mentioned laminate material.
- the density of this sheet material is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted depending on the type of raw material, melting conditions, etc.
- the density of the sheet material may be 0.2 g/cm 3 or more, 0.3 g/cm 3 or more, 0.5 g/cm 3 or more, and 0.8 g/cm 3 or more, and may be 1.2 g/cm 3 or less, 1.1 g/cm 3 or less, or 1.0 g/cm 3 or less.
- the density of the sheet material is the apparent density measured according to JIS Z 8807 "Method for measuring density and specific gravity of solids."
- the Young's modulus of this sheet material may be 0.05 GPa or more, and may be 1.0 GPa or more. . From the viewpoint of durability, the preferable Young's modulus is 4.0 GPa or less. From the viewpoint of durability, the maximum stress of the sheet material may be 0.5 MPa or more, 5.0 MPa or more, or 10 MPa or more. From the viewpoint of ease of molding, the maximum stress is preferably 80 MPa or less. From the viewpoint of ease of molding, the maximum elongation of the sheet material may be 0.5% or more, and may be 1.5% or more.
- the preferable maximum elongation is 5.0% or less.
- the Young's modulus, maximum stress, and maximum elongation of the sheet material are measured by a tensile test in accordance with the regulations of ISO527-1. Details of the measurement method and measurement conditions will be described later in Examples.
- the thickness of the sheet material is appropriately set depending on the use of the laminated material, etc., and is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the sheet material may be reduced as long as the effects of improving the appearance of the base material, making the surface hydrophobic, and increasing pencil hardness are achieved.
- the average thickness of the sheet material may be 2 mm or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or less.
- thinner sheet materials the amount of plant resources used as raw materials for sheet materials can be reduced, and it is possible to obtain laminated materials that reflect the physical properties of the base material itself (e.g., hardness and wood grain).
- a thick sheet material can be used for surface modification such as decoration.
- the average thickness of the sheet material in the present disclosure is an average value measured multiple times using known means.
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the sheet material may be 180°C or higher, 190°C or higher, or 200°C or higher. Although the upper limit is not particularly limited, a preferable glass transition temperature Tg is 280° C. or lower.
- the glass transition temperature of the sheet material is measured by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement. Details of the measurement method and measurement conditions will be described later in Examples.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure is preferably homogeneous with few color patterns.
- a laminated material in which such a sheet material is laminated for example, on a base material of wood
- the grain of the base material of the wood is transmitted through the sheet material, and the appearance similar to that of the base material can be maintained.
- the bonded parts of the laminated wood are covered and hidden by the sheet material, so that a good appearance can be obtained.
- a sheet made by simply slicing wood into thin slices may have some wood grain left behind, and if this is adhered to the wood base material with an adhesive, the wood grain of the sheet and the wood grain of the base material will mix, resulting in a poor appearance. There are cases.
- the method for producing a laminated material of the present disclosure includes (1) dissolving a plant material in an organic acid to obtain a plant solution (dissolving step); (2) removing a liquid component from the obtained plant solution to substantially (3) obtaining a sheet material formed from plant-derived components (sheet forming step); and (3) laminating the sheet material on the surface of the first base material and heat-pressing the sheet material to the first base material. (Lamination step 1).
- the laminated material of the present disclosure is obtained by (1) dissolving a plant material in an organic acid to obtain a plant solution (dissolution step), (2) removing a liquid component from the obtained plant solution, and thereby obtaining substantially plant-derived material. Obtaining a sheet material formed from the components (sheet forming step); and (3) installing the sheet material between the first base material and the second base material and heat-pressing the first base material. and laminating and adhering a second base material (laminating step 2).
- a sheet material obtained by removing a liquid component containing an organic acid from a plant solution in which a plant material is dissolved in an organic acid is prepared so that the surface of the sheet material is in contact with the surface of the base material described above.
- a laminate is manufactured. Since the organic acid used to dissolve the plant material is removed as a liquid component, a sheet material consisting essentially only of plant-derived components is obtained. Therefore, the sheet material of the present disclosure is a 100% plant material that does not contain residual chemicals such as organic solvents that cause sick building syndrome. Further, the sheet material and the base material are integrated by heat and pressure bonding without using an adhesive or the like.
- this manufacturing method when wood is selected as the material of the base material, according to this manufacturing method, a laminate material that is 100% plant material and has no residual chemicals derived from adhesives can be obtained.
- This manufacturing method uses fewer chemicals in each step, and in particular does not require the use of highly volatile organic solvents. This manufacturing method has excellent safety during operation.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure can be laminated and integrated to produce an excellent product. It is possible to give a unique appearance. Furthermore, since wood flour, chips, etc. can be used as plant raw materials for sheet materials, for example, by effectively utilizing wood flour, etc. generated during sawing of high-grade wood, it is possible to create laminated materials with a luxurious appearance. can be obtained. Furthermore, biomass resources such as building waste, thinned wood, unused crops, and agricultural waste can be effectively used as plant materials for sheet materials.
- a plant material is dissolved in an organic acid to obtain a plant solution.
- the plant material is not particularly limited and may be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, or a mixture thereof.
- the woody biomass may be coniferous trees (cedar, cypress, red pine, etc.) or broad-leaved trees (eucalyptus, beech, etc.). Two or more types may be used in combination. From the viewpoint of effective use of decreasing forest resources, woody biomass that was previously discarded can be suitably used. For example, wood flour generated during sawing, small pieces (chips) that cannot be used as scraps, etc. may be used as the plant material. From the viewpoint of imparting a luxurious appearance to the laminated material, so-called high-grade woods such as cedar and cypress are preferred. According to the method of the present disclosure, wood flour, chips, etc. generated during sawing of high-grade wood can be effectively used as plant raw materials.
- Woody biomass may be natural wood or a lumber product cut from natural wood.
- shape of the woody biomass There is no particular limitation on the shape of the woody biomass, and for example, the shape of a plate, chip, powder, etc. can be appropriately selected and used.
- herbaceous biomass examples include sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, wheat, wheat bran, tomato, onion, and cornstarch. Two or more types may be used in combination.
- Woody biomass or herbaceous biomass may be pulverized and used as necessary.
- the maximum diameter in plan view may be 50 mm or less, 40 mm or less, or 30 mm or less.
- the size of the plant material is preferably 0.1 mm or more in maximum diameter in plan view. If desired, the plant material may be ground to the aforementioned size prior to mixing with the organic acid.
- a typical organic acid is a carboxylic acid. It may be an aliphatic carboxylic acid or an aromatic carboxylic acid. From the viewpoint of excellent solubility of plant materials, ⁇ -keto acids and carboxylic acids having a formyl group are preferred, and organic acids selected from the group consisting of formic acid, glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid are particularly preferred.
- Formic acid which can be produced from wood gas (mixed gas of carbon dioxide and hydrogen), is particularly preferred.
- dissolution means a state in which the shape of the plant material added to the organic acid cannot be visually recognized. Even when a fibrous substance derived from lignocellulose in the plant material is observed by microscopic observation or the like, if the shape of the plant material itself has disappeared, it is defined as “dissolved.”
- a liquid in such a "dissolved” state is defined as a “solution”
- a solution containing plant-derived components is referred to as a "plant solution”.
- plant solution a solution containing plant-derived components
- the amount of organic acid to be mixed with the plant material is appropriately selected depending on the type and shape of the plant material, the type of organic acid, etc. From the viewpoint of improving dissolution efficiency, the amount of organic acid may be 4 parts by weight or more, and may be 9 parts by weight or more with respect to 1 part by weight of the plant material. From the viewpoint of improving production efficiency, the amount of organic acid may be 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, and 50 parts by weight or less based on 1 part by weight of the plant material. As long as the effects of the present disclosure are obtained, the organic acid may be added to the cellulose-containing raw material as it is, or may be added to the cellulose-containing raw material as a solution at a desired concentration.
- the dissolution conditions are not particularly limited and are appropriately selected depending on the type and shape of the plant raw material, the type of organic acid, etc.
- the dissolution temperature may be 20°C or higher, 30°C or higher, or 40°C or higher.
- the melting temperature may be 100°C or less, 90°C or less, or 80°C or less.
- the dissolution time can be appropriately set depending on the dissolution temperature.
- stirring treatment may be performed after the plant material is added to the organic acid, or stirring treatment accompanied by pulverization may be performed.
- stirring treatment accompanied by pulverization By carrying out a stirring treatment accompanied by pulverization in an organic acid, it is possible to dissolve the plant material under milder conditions.
- devices for stirring treatment accompanied by pulverization include bead mills, colloid mills, disc refiners, conical refiners, and the like.
- pressure treatment or depressurization treatment may be performed using a pressure adjustment means before mixing the plant material and the organic acid and/or after mixing the plant material and the organic acid.
- the pressure fluctuations applied to the plant material by the pressure adjustment means relax the strong higher-order structure of cellulose, particularly lignocellulose, in the plant material, thereby improving its solubility in organic acids.
- pressurization treatment or depressurization treatment melting at a relatively low temperature becomes possible, and the energy required for heating and/or heat retention during melting is reduced.
- the pressure adjustment means used for the pressure treatment or the pressure reduction treatment is not particularly limited.
- the pressure may be adjusted to the above-mentioned pressure range by known means such as an aspirator, ejector, compressor, or mechanical pump.
- the solid content concentration of the plant solution obtained by dissolving the plant material in an organic acid is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easy removal of liquid components, the solid content concentration of the plant solution is 0.5 (w/ v)% or more, may be 1.0 (w/v)% or more, may be 1.5 (w/v)% or more, and may be 2.0 (w/v)% or more. It's good to be there. From the viewpoint of ease of production, the solid content concentration of the plant solution may be 20 (w/v)% or less, 15 (w/v)% or less, and 10 (w/v)% or less. It's good to be there.
- the plant solution may further contain known additives such as pigments as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
- Sheet forming step In this step, liquid components are removed from the plant solution and solid components are recovered. By forming this solid content into a sheet shape, the sheet material of the present disclosure substantially made of plant-derived components can be obtained.
- the method for obtaining the sheet material by removing the liquid component from the plant solution is not particularly limited.
- the liquid component may be removed to obtain the sheet material of the present disclosure by casting a plant solution in a container of a desired size and shape and drying it, and the solid content after drying may be formed into a sheet. Then, the sheet material of the present disclosure may be obtained.
- the plant solution may be concentrated using a known concentration method such as evaporation concentration or vacuum concentration before drying.
- water or an alkali may be added to the plant solution as a precipitant.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure may be obtained by forming the solid content precipitated by the addition of water or an alkali into a sheet and drying it. In the method using a precipitant, a part of the components contained in the plant material may be lost, so the casting method is preferable.
- This sheet material is made by regenerating dissolved plant raw materials as a solid content, and is formed substantially only from plant-derived components.
- Plant-derived components mainly include cellulose.
- the plant-derived component may include lignin and hemicellulose along with cellulose.
- the plant-derived component includes one or more selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Some or all of the hydroxyl groups possessed by cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin may be formylated.
- the plant-derived components may further include tannins, catechins, polyphenols such as flavonoids, terpenes, and the like.
- organic acid-derived components, alkali-derived components, etc. may be further removed by washing the sheet material or solid content obtained by removing liquid components from the plant solution. Distilled water can be used for washing.
- the thickness of the sheet material obtained is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted by, for example, the solid content concentration of the plant solution.
- the average thickness of the sheet material may be 10 ⁇ m or more, 100 ⁇ m or more, or 200 ⁇ m or more.
- the average thickness of the sheet material may be 2000 ⁇ m or less, 1000 ⁇ m or less, 800 ⁇ m or less, or 600 ⁇ m or less. Note that the "average thickness” described herein is the average thickness of the sheet material before being heat-pressed to the base material, and is the average value of the measured values measured multiple times using known means.
- This process is a process of obtaining a laminated material from the above-mentioned sheet material and base material. Specifically, the laminated sheet material is bonded to the base material under heat and pressure. More specifically, it is a process of obtaining a laminated material in which the sheet material and the first base material are integrated by laminating the sheets so that the surface of the sheet material is in contact with the surface of the first base material and heat-pressing them.
- a sheet material may be installed between the first base material and the second base material, and both surfaces of the sheet material are in contact with the surface of the first base material and the surface of the second base material, respectively. This may be a step of laminating and adhering the first base material and the second base material by heat-pressing.
- the second base material is further integrated with the first base material. It may be a step of laminating and adhering the first base material and the second base material via the sheet material by laminating the first base material and the second base material on the surface of the sheet material and heat-pressing them.
- a laminate material in which a base material and a sheet material are integrated can be obtained without using an adhesive or the like.
- the material of the base material is selected from the group consisting of wood, plastic, metal, ceramic, pulp mold, and paper.
- the types of base materials described above may be appropriately selected and used.
- the material of the first base material and the material of the second base material may be the same or different.
- the base material is preferably wood, pulp mold, and paper, more preferably wood, and even more preferably lumber made from natural wood, but organic solvents, adhesives, etc. Wooden boards, laminated wood, plywood, etc. can also be used as long as there are none left. It is more preferable to use wood boards, laminated wood, plywood, etc. that can be obtained using the adhesive of the present disclosure described below.
- thermocompression bonding may be 60°C or higher, 80°C or higher, 100°C or higher, or 150°C. It may be more than that. From the viewpoint of avoiding discoloration and deformation of the sheet material and the base material, the temperature of the thermocompression bonding may be 220°C or lower, 200°C or lower, or 190°C or lower.
- the temperature of the thermocompression bonding may be 20°C or higher, preferably 30°C or higher, and more preferably 70°C or higher.
- the temperature of the thermocompression bonding may be 220°C or lower, preferably 130°C or lower, and more preferably 110°C or lower. In this way, a sheet material containing a divalent or more fatty acid and/or its anhydride can be bonded to a base material under milder conditions than a sheet material that does not contain a divalent or more fatty acid and/or its anhydride. Can be integrated.
- the pressure of the thermocompression bonding may be 1 MPa or more, and may be 3 MPa or more. From the viewpoint of avoiding deformation of the sheet material and the base material, the pressure of thermocompression bonding may be 15 MPa or less, preferably 10 MPa or less.
- the time for heat compression bonding is appropriately selected depending on the temperature and pressure.
- the pressure during thermocompression bonding means the pressure applied to the sheet material on the base material. By dividing the load applied to the heat press machine (unit: N) by the area of contact between the base material and the sheet material (unit: m 2 ), the pressure during heat compression bonding (unit: Pa) is determined. .
- the surface of the base material may be polished using known polishing means before laminating the sheet materials.
- this manufacturing method may include polishing the surface of the base material before laminating the sheet materials.
- the manufacturing method may further include polishing the first base material before laminating the sheet materials, polishing the first base material and the second base material before installing the sheet materials, It may further include.
- the polishing means for example, various grades of abrasive paper can be used.
- the timing for incorporating the divalent or higher fatty acid and/or its anhydride is as follows: [i] Obtaining a plant solution by dissolving the plant material in an organic acid (1) A method of mixing a divalent or higher fatty acid and/or its anhydride with the plant material and the organic acid during the dissolution step, [ii] Obtaining a plant solution by dissolving the plant raw material in an organic acid After performing the (1) dissolution step and before the above-mentioned (2) sheet forming step, divalent or higher fatty acids and/or or a method of mixing the anhydride thereof; [iii] A method of producing a sheet material that does not contain a divalent or higher fatty acid and/or its anhydride by the above-mentioned (2) sheet forming step, and then mixing a divalent or higher fatty acid and/or its anhydride; It may be either.
- the timing is such that the sheet material contains divalent or higher fatty acids and/or their anhydrides. This is similar to the case where it is contained in
- the technology of the present disclosure can be applied to surface modification of molded products made of various materials.
- This surface modification method consists of (1) dissolving plant materials in an organic acid to obtain a plant solution (dissolution step), and (2) removing liquid components from the obtained plant solution to ensure that the plant material is substantially derived from plants.
- the method includes obtaining a sheet material formed from the components (sheet forming step), and (3) laminating this sheet material on the surface of a molded article and heat-pressing it (surface modification step). According to this surface modification method, effects such as imparting a desired appearance to a molded article and improving durability by making the surface hydrophobic or increasing hardness can be obtained.
- the sheet material is integrated with the molded product by heat-pressing.
- the material of the molded product is not particularly limited as long as it can be heat-compressed with the sheet material of the present disclosure, but the materials described above for the base material are preferably used.
- the molded article is made of a material selected from the group consisting of wood, plastic, metal, ceramic, pulp mold, and paper.
- the molded product may be composed of a single member or a combination of a plurality of members. The materials of these constituent members may be the same or different. It is preferable that the material of the component forming the surface of the molded product is selected from the group consisting of wood, plastic, metal, ceramic, pulp mold, and paper.
- wooden molded product means a molded product mainly made of wood.
- the constituent members of the wooden molded product may be sawn timber products cut from natural wood or solid wood, or may be plywood or laminated wood made of a plurality of sawn timber products. If the appearance of a wooden molded product that has such structural members on its surface is impaired due to damage or deterioration over time, the above-mentioned sheet material can be laminated on the surface and heat-pressed to repair it. A good appearance can be reproduced.
- the details of the dissolution step and sheet forming step are as described above.
- the base material in the above-described lamination step can be replaced with a molded product and used.
- the surface modification step does not require the use of an adhesive or the like. Even when this surface modification method is applied to fittings, furniture, etc., the occurrence of sick building syndrome caused by residual chemicals such as adhesives can be avoided.
- the sheet material of the present disclosure can be applied as an adhesive for joining members made of various materials.
- the above-mentioned vegetable solution can also be applied to bonding various members. That is, the adhesive of the present disclosure includes a plant solution obtained by dissolving a plant material in an organic acid, and/or a sheet material substantially consisting of a plant-derived component obtained by removing a liquid component from this plant solution. including. From another perspective, the present disclosure provides a plant solution obtained by dissolving a plant material in an organic acid, and/or a sheet material substantially consisting of plant-derived components obtained by removing a liquid component from this plant solution.
- This plant solution and sheet material contain plant-derived components in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are formylated. This formylated plant-derived component is thought to act as an adhesive.
- the adhesive of the present disclosure includes a plant solution obtained by dissolving a plant material in an organic acid, and the plant solution contains a plant-derived component, and the plant-derived component is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
- the adhesive preferably has one or more hydroxyl groups, and some or all of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are formylated.
- the plant raw materials and organic acids described above for the plant solution and sheet material are preferably used.
- Preferred plant materials are woody biomass, herbaceous biomass or mixtures thereof.
- Preferred organic acids are one or more selected from the group consisting of formic acid, glyoxylic acid, and pyruvic acid.
- the preferred bonding method using this adhesive is thermal bonding.
- a wet method or a dry method may be used.
- a vegetable solution obtained by dissolving a vegetable raw material in an organic acid can be used as an adhesive for manufacturing wood boards.
- the wood board may be a fiberboard (fibrous board) made by turning wood into fibers and then molded, or a particle board made by crushing wood into chips and then molding it.
- the fiberboard include hardboard, insulation board, MDF (medium density fiberboard), and the like.
- Particleboard and fiberboard can be obtained by adding the above-mentioned plant solution to small pieces or fibers of various types of wood, mixing the mixture, and then pressing the mixture under high humidity and high pressure. These are 100% plant-based wooden boards that do not contain chemicals such as organic solvents.
- each preferable requirement of the adhesive is the same as each preferable requirement regarding the sheet material of the present disclosure described above. Therefore, in this item, description of each preferable requirement of the adhesive is omitted.
- the adhesive may be used because the base material and the sheet material can be integrated under milder conditions.
- the sheet material contains a divalent or higher fatty acid and/or an anhydride thereof.
- the ductility and adhesive strength (adhesiveness) of the sheet material are also improved.
- Preferred content range and timing of inclusion of divalent or higher fatty acids and/or their anhydrides in sheet materials containing divalent or higher fatty acids and/or their anhydrides The preferred temperature range for thermocompression when applied as an adhesive is as described above. Therefore, the description of the range is omitted here.
- wood is defibrated with an organic acid (for example, formic acid) to prepare a pulp solution.
- This pulp liquid contains, as an adhesive, a vegetable solution obtained by dissolving a vegetable raw material in an organic acid.
- a sizing agent to this pulp liquid as necessary to impart water resistance and strength, the fibers are dispersed in the liquid and cast onto a wire mesh, and formed into a mat while being dehydrated. .
- the obtained wet mat is compressed and dehydrated using prepress, and then dried under heat and pressure to obtain a fiberboard.
- the organic acid for example, formic acid
- a plant solution obtained by dissolving a plant material in the organic acid can coexist as an adhesive component.
- the organic acid may be added at least before hot pressing.
- the organic acid may be added during defibration of the wood, or may be added immediately before the wood is air-fed into a dryer.
- Particleboard is classified into single-layer, three-layer, and multi-layer depending on its composition.
- the three layers are composed of fine pieces on both surface layers (front and back layers) and relatively coarse pieces on the inner layer (core layer).
- a multilayer is one in which fine pieces to coarse pieces are continuously formed from the surface to the center layer.
- the surface layer and core layer are glued using wood pieces of different sizes, and then the surface layer, core layer, and surface layer are laminated in this order to form a three-layer mat.
- a three-layer board is obtained by compressing this three-layered mat at high temperature and high pressure, and using formylized plant-derived ingredients to bond and integrate each wood piece.
- OSB oriented strand board
- baseworks building structures
- surface properties are not taken into account.
- the technology of the present disclosure is a method for adhering wood pieces, which includes adding an organic acid to finely divided wood and heating it, and a method for manufacturing a wood board.
- the present disclosure is a method of bonding biomass pieces and a method of manufacturing a biomass product, which includes adding an organic acid to a finely divided biomass material and heating it.
- Manufacture of sheet materials 200 mg of eucalyptus chips, which are plant materials, were placed in a vial with a capacity of 50 ml. 20 ml of formic acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) with a concentration of 80% by weight was added to this vial, and the vial was subjected to reduced pressure treatment. Thereafter, the pressure was returned to atmospheric pressure, the temperature was raised to 50°C, and stirring was started. After continuing stirring under normal pressure for 7 days, it was visually confirmed that the eucalyptus wood powder had disappeared, and a uniform plant solution (also referred to as a wood solution) was obtained.
- a uniform plant solution also referred to as a wood solution
- the contact angle in this disclosure is a dynamic contact angle that measures the change in contact angle immediately after dropping a droplet. Measuring dynamic contact angles requires specification of time. A contact angle meter (manufactured by Nick Corporation) was used to measure the contact angle. The average value of three measurements in contact angle measurement mode with a maximum measurement time of 1200 seconds (0-1 seconds and 1-1200 seconds) was determined. The maximum contact angles for 0-1 seconds after addition of distilled water are shown in Table 1 below.
- a test piece for a tensile test was prepared by punching out a sheet material into a dumbbell shape (No. 7 dumbbell).
- a tensile tester (trade name "Universal Tensile Tester (Tensilon) RTG-B10" manufactured by A&D Co., Ltd.) was used.
- a tensile test (tensile speed: 2 mm/min, distance between grips: 20 mm, distance between gauge lines: 12 mm) was conducted in accordance with the provisions of ISO527-1, and Young's modulus (unit: MPa) and maximum stress (unit: MPa) and maximum elongation (unit: %) were measured (temperature 23°C, humidity 50%). The average of each of the five measurements is shown in Table 1 below.
- Glass-transition temperature The glass transition temperature of the sheet material was measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device (trade name "RSA G2" manufactured by TA instruments). The measurements were conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature range of -30 to 300°C, a temperature increase rate of 5°C/min, an applied strain of 0.05%, and a frequency of 10Hz. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below as Tg.
- Example 1 As a base material, scraps of red pine (4 cm x 5 cm) were prepared. The surface of this base material was polished using polishing paper #80-120, polishing paper #100-120, and polishing paper #120-240 in this order. The sheet material of Production Example 2 (2.5 cm x 3.5 cm) was laminated on the polished surface and pressed at 200°C for 10 minutes (11 MPa) using a heat press machine to form the laminated material of Example 1. Obtained. Visual inspection confirmed that the sheet material after heat-press bonding was integrated with the base material and could not be peeled off.
- Example 2-4 a laminate material of Example 2-4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the sheet materials of Production Examples 3, 5, and 6 were used, respectively. It was confirmed that in each of the laminated materials, the sheet material and the base material were integrated by heat compression bonding.
- Example 5-120 The material of the base material was as shown in Table 2 below, and the sheet materials of Production Examples 2, 3, 5, and 6 were used for each base material to produce the laminate material of Example 5-120.
- the sizes of the base material and sheet material and the heat-press bonding conditions are as described above in Example 1.
- the obtained laminate material was visually observed to confirm that the sheet material and the base material were integrated.
- Exterior photographs of the laminates of Examples 85, 87, 41 and 43 are shown in FIGS. 1-4, respectively.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph of the appearance of the base material (beech scraps) used in Examples 85 and 87
- FIG. 6 is a photograph of the exterior of the base material (cedar scraps) used in Examples 41 and 43.
- Example 121 As a base material, beech scraps (4 cm x 5 cm) were prepared. The surface of this base material was polished using polishing paper #80-120, polishing paper #100-120, and polishing paper #120-240 in this order. A laminated material was obtained by laminating the sheet material (2.5 cm x 3.5 cm) of Production Example 2 on the polished surface and pressurizing (11.2 MPa) at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes using a heat press machine. . When this laminate was subjected to a scratch test, the pencil hardness was 6H or higher.
- Example 122-129 Laminated materials of Examples 122-129 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 121, except that the base material and sheet material were changed to those shown in Table 3 below. The pencil hardness measured by scratch test is shown in Table 3 below.
- Example 130 A corrugated board was prepared as a base material. The surface of this base material was polished using abrasive paper #1000. The sheet material of Production Example 2 (2.5 cm x 3.5 cm) was laminated on the polished surface, and the laminated material of Example 130 was obtained by pressing (1 t) at 180 ° C. for 20 minutes using a heat press machine. . The obtained laminate material was visually observed to confirm that the sheet material and the base material were integrated. An external photograph of the laminate material of Example 130 is shown in FIG.
- Example 131-138 Laminated materials of Examples 131 to 138 were obtained in the same manner as Example 130, except that the types of base material and sheet material, and the hot press conditions were changed to those shown in Table 4 below. In any of the laminated materials, it was visually confirmed that the sheet material and the base material were integrated. Exterior photographs of the laminates of Examples 131, 133, 137 and 138 are shown in FIGS. 13-16, respectively.
- Example 139 As the first base material and the second base material, boards (veneer, size: 3 cm x 3 cm) made by slicing cypress into a thickness of 0.7 mm were prepared.
- the sheet material of Production Example 7 (thickness: 30 ⁇ m, size: 2 cm x 2 cm) was placed between the first base material and the second base material, and pressurized for 4 minutes at 200°C using a heat press machine (1 t ), a laminate material of Example 139 was obtained. It was confirmed by visual inspection that the sheet material after heat and pressure bonding was integrated with each base material. It was also confirmed that the first base material and the second base material were firmly adhered to each other via the sheet material and could not be separated. An external photograph of the laminate material of Example 139 is shown in FIG.
- Example 140-141 Laminated materials of Examples 140-141 were obtained in the same manner as Example 142, except that the load during hot pressing was changed to 400 kg. Visual inspection confirmed that the sheet material after heat and pressure bonding was integrated with the base material, and that the first base material and the second base material were firmly adhered via the sheet material and could not be separated. . Furthermore, it was confirmed that deformation (reduction in thickness) due to hot press bonding could be suppressed by changing the load during hot pressing from 1000 kg to 400 kg.
- Example 142 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 139, except that cedar wood pieces (thickness: 1.0 cm, size: 4 cm x 5 cm) were prepared as the first base material, and the heat press conditions were changed to those shown in Table 5 below. A laminated material was obtained. Visually confirm that the sheet material after heat and pressure bonding is integrated with each base material, and that the first base material and second base material are firmly adhered via the sheet material and cannot be separated. did. A photograph of the side view of the laminate of Example 142 is shown in FIG.
- Example 143 As a base material, beech scraps (4 cm x 5 cm) were prepared. The surface of this base material was polished using polishing paper #80-120, polishing paper #100-120, and polishing paper #120-240 in this order. The sheet material of Production Example 8 (2.5 cm x 3.5 cm) was laminated on the polished surface, and the laminated material of Example 143 was obtained by applying pressure (5 MPa) at 90° C. for 15 minutes using a heat press machine. Obtained.
- Example 144 A laminate of Example 144 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 143, except that cedar scraps (4 cm x 5 cm) were used as the base material instead of beech scraps.
- Example 145 A laminate material of Example 145 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 143, except that the sheet material of Production Example 9 was used as the sheet material in place of the sheet material of Production Example 8.
- Example 146 A laminate material of Example 146 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 144, except that the sheet material of Production Example 9 was used as the sheet material in place of the sheet material of Production Example 8.
- Example 147 A laminate material of Example 147 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 143, except that the sheet material of Production Example 10 was used as the sheet material in place of the sheet material of Production Example 8.
- Example 148 A laminate material of Example 148 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 144, except that the sheet material of Production Example 10 was used as the sheet material in place of the sheet material of Production Example 8.
- the laminate materials of Examples 143 to 148 it was confirmed by visual observation that the sheet material after heat and pressure bonding was integrated with the base material and could not be peeled off.
- the laminate materials of Examples 143 to 148 were surface-modified, similar to the laminate materials in which a sheet material that did not contain citric acid and a base material were integrated, and the appearance of the sheet material side was more glossy. It became something emotional. Therefore, it has excellent effects as a laminated material.
- a sheet material containing a divalent or more fatty acid and/or its anhydride can be bonded to a base material under milder conditions than a sheet material that does not contain a divalent or more fatty acid and/or its anhydride.
- the laminate material in which the sheet material containing divalent or higher fatty acids and/or its anhydride and the base material are integrated has been surface-modified and has a better appearance on the sheet material side. It becomes shiny. Therefore, a sheet material containing a divalent or higher fatty acid and/or its anhydride is a very useful sheet material for producing a more glossy laminate under mild conditions.
- the present disclosure it is possible to obtain a laminate in which base materials and sheet materials made of various materials are integrated without using chemicals such as organic solvents and adhesives.
- the technology of the present disclosure can be applied to surface modification of molded products made of various materials, improvement of the appearance of low-quality wood, and repair of aged wood molded products. Furthermore, the technology of the present disclosure can be applied as an adhesive for joining members made of various materials. From the above evaluation results, the superiority of the present disclosure is clear.
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Abstract
Description
本開示の積層材は、基材と、この基材の表面に積層して一体化されたシート材とを含む。例えば、本開示の積層材は、基材の少なくとも一方の表面の主面と、シート材の表面の主面とが接するように積層され、一体化されたシート材を含むことが好ましい。本開示において、基剤とシート材とが接触する面積が最も大きい面を「主面」と称する。積層材に含まれる基材及びシート材の数は、特に限定されず、複数の基材及びシート材が交互に積層されて一体化されていてもよい。換言すれば、本開示の積層材は、基材及びシート材から構成された層構造を有している。例えば、積層材が、第一基材と、この第一基材の表面に積層して一体化されたシート材とを含んでもよく、第一基材と、この第一基材とシート材を介して積層接着された第二基材とを含んでもよい。
以下、「基材」に関する記載は、「第一基材」及び「第二基材」に関するものとして読み替えることができる。
シート材は、赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて1715~1725cm-1の領域にピークトップを有する吸収ピークを示す。波数1715~1725cm-1における吸収は、C=O伸縮振動に起因して生じる。具体的には、アルデヒド基(ホルミル基)のC=O伸縮振動に起因する吸収ピークである。本開示において、1715~1725cm-1の吸収ピークの存在は、このシート材が植物由来成分として含むセルロース、ヘミセルロース及びリグニンの水酸基の一部又は全部がホルミル化されていることを意味する。この吸収ピークの存在によって、本開示におけるシート材は、木材から単にシート状に切り出したものや、木粉等を集積してシート状に形成したものとは区別される。
本開示の積層材の製造方法は、(1)植物原料を有機酸に溶解して植物溶液を得ること(溶解工程)、(2)得られた植物溶液から液体成分を除去して、実質的に植物由来成分から形成されたシート材を得ること(シート形成工程)、及び、(3)第一基材の表面に、シート材を積層して加熱圧着することにより、シート材と第一基材とが一体化した積層材を得ること(積層工程1)、を含む。
本工程では、先ず、植物原料を有機酸に溶解して植物溶液を得る。植物原料としては特に限定はなく、木質系バイオマスであってよく、草本系バイオマスであってよく、それらの混合物であってよい。
本工程では、植物溶液から液体成分を除去して、固形分を回収する。この固形分をシート形状とすることで、実質的に植物由来成分から形成された本開示のシート材が得られる。
本工程は、前述したシート材と基材とから積層材を得る工程である。詳細には、基材にシート材を積層した状態で加熱圧着する。より具体的には、第一基材の表面に、シート材の表面が接するように積層して加熱圧着することにより、シート材と第一基材とが一体化した積層材を得る工程であってよく、第一基材と第二基材との間にシート材を設置して、シート材の両表面が、それぞれ、第一基材の表面及び第二基材の表面に接した状態で加熱圧着することにより、第一基材及び第二基材を積層接着する工程であってよい。また、第一基材の表面に、シート材を積層して加熱圧着することにより、シート材と第一基材とを一体化させた後、さらに第二基材を、第一基材と一体化したシート材の表面に積層して加熱圧着することにより、第一基材と第二基材とをシート材を介して積層接着する工程であってもよい。本開示のシート材によれば、接着剤等を用いることなく、基材とシート材とが一体化した積層材を得ることができる。
〔i〕 植物原料を有機酸に溶解して植物溶液を得る(1)溶解工程の際に、植物原料及び有機酸とともに、二価以上の脂肪酸及び/又はその無水物を混合する方法、
〔ii〕 植物原料を有機酸に溶解して植物溶液を得る(1)溶解工程を行った後であって、かつ、前述の(2)シート形成工程の前に、二価以上の脂肪酸及び/又はその無水物を混合する方法、
〔iii〕 前述の(2)シート形成工程により、二価以上の脂肪酸及び/又はその無水物を含まないシート材を作製した後、二価以上の脂肪酸及び/又はその無水物を混合する方法、
のいずれであってもよい。なお、前記〔iii〕の場合、二価以上の脂肪酸及び/又はその無水物を含まないシート材に対して、二価以上の脂肪酸及び/又はその無水物を塗布する方法や、含浸する方法などが挙げられる。
本開示の技術は、種々の材質からなる成形品の表面改質に適用することができる。この表面改質方法は、(1)植物原料を有機酸に溶解して植物溶液を得ること(溶解工程)、(2)得られた植物溶液から液体成分を除去して、実質的に植物由来成分から形成されたシート材を得ること(シート形成工程)、及び、(3)このシート材を成形品の表面に積層して加熱圧着すること(表面改質工程)を含む。この表面改質方法によれば、成形品に所望の外観を付与する、表面の疎水化又は硬度増加により耐久性を向上させるといった効果が得られる。さらには、経時変化等により外観の劣化した木質成形品を補修して、その外観を改善する方法にも適用することができる。表面改質後の耐久性の観点から、加熱圧着によりシート材が成形品と一体化されることが好ましい。
前述した通り、種々の材質からなる基材同士が、本開示のシート材を介して接合される。換言すれば、本開示のシート材は、種々の材質からなる部材同士を接合するための接着剤として適用することができる。さらには、前述した植物溶液も、各種部材の接着に適用することができる。即ち、本開示の接着剤は、植物原料を有機酸に溶解して得られる植物溶液、及び/又は、この植物溶液から液体成分を除去することにより得られる実質的に植物由来成分からなるシート材を含む。他の観点から、本開示は、植物原料を有機酸に溶解して得られる植物溶液、及び/又は、この植物溶液から液体成分を除去することにより得られる実質的に植物由来成分からなるシート材を被接着物に添加して加熱することを含む、接着方法である。この植物溶液及びシート材は、一部又は全部の水酸基がホルミル化された植物由来成分を含む。このホルミル化された植物由来成分が、接着剤として作用すると考えられる。
[製造例1]
容量50mlのバイアルに植物原料であるユーカリチップ200mgを投入した。このバイアルに、濃度80重量%のギ酸(ナカライテスク社製)20mlを添加して、減圧処理をおこなった。その後、大気圧に戻し、温度50℃に昇温して、撹拌を開始した。常圧下で7日間撹拌を継続した後、目視にて、ユーカリ木粉が消失したことを確認して、均一な植物溶液(木質溶液とも称する)を得た。この木質溶液の全量をセロファン上に流延した後、室温下、蓋付きの培養皿に一晩静置して液状成分を除去することにより、平均膜厚16μmのシート材を得た。このシート材の外観が、図7に示されている。走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察したシート材の表面状態が、図10に示されている(倍率500倍)。このシート材のフーリエ変換赤外分光分析(FTIR分析)をおこなったところ、赤外吸収スペクトルの1715~1725cm-1の領域にホルミル基に由来する赤外吸収ピークを示すことを確認した。
植物原料の種類及び溶解条件を下表1に示すものに変更した以外は製造例1と同様にして、製造例2-6のシート材を得た。これらのシート材のフーリエ変換赤外分光分析(FTIR分析)をおこなったところ、全て、赤外吸収スペクトルの1715~1725cm-1の領域にホルミル基に由来する赤外吸収ピークを示すことを確認した。製造例2及び5のシート材の外観が、それぞれ、図8及び9に示されている。図11は、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察した製造例4のシート材の表面状態(倍率500倍)である。
植物原料の種類及び溶解条件を製造例5と同じとし、植物溶液をセロファン上に流延したときの液厚みを変更することにより、平均膜厚が30μmである製造例7のシート材を得た。
まず、製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして、均一な植物溶液(木質溶液とも称する)を得た。次に、この木質溶液に対して、150mgのクエン酸(ナカライテスク社製、品番08899-75)を添加し、クエン酸含有木質溶液を得た。次に、前記クエン酸含有木質溶液の全量をセロファン上に流延した後、室温下、蓋付きの培養皿に一晩静置して液状成分を除去することにより、平均膜厚50μmのシート材を得た。このシート材の外観が、図19に示されている。このシート材のフーリエ変換赤外分光分析(FTIR分析)をおこなったところ、赤外吸収スペクトルの1715~1725cm-1の領域にホルミル基に由来する赤外吸収ピークを示すことを確認した。
まず、製造例4に記載の方法と同様にして、均一な植物溶液(木質溶液とも称する)を得た。次に、この木質溶液に対して、150mgのクエン酸(ナカライテスク社製、品番8899-75)を添加し、クエン酸含有木質溶液を得た。次に、前記クエン酸含有木質溶液の全量をセロファン上に流延した後、室温下、蓋付きの培養皿に一晩静置して液状成分を除去することにより、平均膜厚50μmのシート材を得た。このシート材の外観が、図20に示されている。このシート材のフーリエ変換赤外分光分析(FTIR分析)をおこなったところ、赤外吸収スペクトルの1715~1725cm-1の領域にホルミル基に由来する赤外吸収ピークを示すことを確認した。
ユーカリチップ200mgに代えて、タケチップ200mgを投入した以外は、製造例8と同様の方法により、平均膜厚50μmのシート材を得た。このシート材の外観が、図21に示されている。このシート材のフーリエ変換赤外分光分析(FTIR分析)をおこなったところ、赤外吸収スペクトルの1715~1725cm-1の領域にホルミル基に由来する赤外吸収ピークを示すことを確認した。
製造例1-7のシート材の物性を、以下の方法にて評価した。評価結果が、下表1に示されている。
JIS Z 8807「固体の密度及び比重の測定方法」に準じてシート材の見掛け密度(g/cm3)を測定した。各5回の測定値の平均が、下表1に示されている。
本開示における接触角は、液滴を滴下した直後からの接触角の変化を測定する動的接触角である。動的接触角の測定には、時間の特定が必要である。接触角測定には、接触角計(Nick corporation製)を使用した。接触角測定モード、最大測定時間1200秒(0-1秒及び1-1200秒)で3回測定した平均値を求めた。蒸留水滴下後、0-1秒間の最大接触角が下表1に示されている。
シート材をダンベル形状(7号ダンベル)に打ち抜いて、引張試験用の試験片を作成した。引張試験には、引張試験機(エー・アンド・デイ社製の商品名「万能引張試験機(テンシロン)RTG-B10」)を使用した。ISO527-1の規定に準拠して引張試験(引張速度:2mm/min、つかみ具間距離:20mm、標線間距離:12mm)をおこなって、ヤング率(単位:MPa)、最大応力(単位:MPa)及び最大伸度(単位:%)を測定した(温度23℃、湿度50%)。各5回の測定値の平均が、下表1に示されている。
動的粘弾性測定装置(TA instruments社製の商品名「RSA G2」)を使用して、シート材のガラス転移温度を測定した。測定は、窒素雰囲気下、温度範囲-30~300℃、昇温速度5℃/分、印加歪0.05%、周波数10Hzでおこなった。測定結果がTgとして、下表1に示されている。
[実施例1]
基材として、アカマツの端材(4cm×5cm)を準備した。この基材の表面を、研磨紙#80-120、研磨紙#100-120及び研磨紙#120-240を順に用いて研磨した。研磨した面に製造例2のシート材(2.5cm×3.5cm)を積層し、熱プレス機を用いて200℃で10分間加圧(11MPa)することにより、実施例1の積層材を得た。目視により、加熱圧着後のシート材が基材と一体化されており、剥離できないことを確認した。
実施例2-4において、それぞれ、製造例3、5及び6のシート材を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2-4の積層材を得た。いずれの積層材も、加熱圧着によりシート材と基材とが一体化していることを確認した。
基材の材質を下表2に示すものとし、各基材について製造例2、3、5及び6のシート材を用いることにより、実施例5-120の積層材を製造した。基材及びシート材のサイズ及び加熱圧着条件は、実施例1で前述した通りである。得られた積層材を目視にて観察して、シート材と基材とが一体化していることを確認した。実施例85、87、41及び43の積層材の外観写真が、それぞれ、図1-4に示されている。図5は、実施例85及び87に用いた基材(ブナ端材)の外観写真であり、図6は、実施例41及び43に用いた基材(スギ端材)の外観写真である。
JIS K5600-5-4「引っかき硬度(鉛筆法)」に準拠して、積層材の鉛筆硬度を測定した。詳細には、三菱鉛筆ハイユニ(硬度:6H、5H、4H、3H、2H、H、F、HB、B、2B、3B、4B、5B及び6B)を用意し、積層材のシート材が付着した面に対して45度の角度で鉛筆を設置し、一定の荷重下で引っかきをおこなった。シート材が破損することなく、鉛筆で黒線を描くことができた場合を「合格」とし、シート材が破れたりめくれあがったりして破損した場合を「不合格」とした。なお、鉛筆がめり込んで凹状に変形してもシート材が破損しなかった場合は「合格」とした。合格した硬度のうち最も硬いものを鉛筆硬度とした。硬度6Hで合格したものは「6H以上硬度」とし、硬度6Bで不合格のものは「6B以上軟度」と表記した。
基材として、ブナの端材(4cm×5cm)を準備した。この基材の表面を、研磨紙#80-120、研磨紙#100-120及び研磨紙#120-240を順に用いて研磨した。研磨した面に製造例2のシート材(2.5cm×3.5cm)を積層し、熱プレス機を用いて200℃で10分間加圧(11.2MPa)することにより、積層材を得た。この積層材の引っかき試験をおこなったところ、鉛筆硬度は6H以上硬度であった。
基材及びシート材を下表3に示されるものに変更した以外は実施例121と同様にして、実施例122-129の積層材を得た。引っかき試験で測定した鉛筆硬度が、下表3に示されている。
製造例2、3、5及び6のシート材を、熱プレスすることなくそのまま引っかき試験に供して鉛筆硬度を測定した。測定結果が表3に示されている。
基材として、段ボール板を準備した。この基材の表面を、研磨紙#1000を用いて研磨した。研磨した面に製造例2のシート材(2.5cmx3.5cm)を積層し、熱プレス機を用いて180℃で20分間加圧(1t)することにより、実施例130の積層材を得た。得られた積層材を目視にて観察して、シート材と基材とが一体化していることを確認した。実施例130の積層材の外観写真が、図12に示されている。
基材及びシート材の種類、並びに、熱プレス条件を下表4に示されるものに変更した以外は実施例130と同様にして、実施例131-138の積層材を得た。いずれの積層材でも、シート材と基材とが一体化していることを目視にて確認した。実施例131、133、137及び138の積層材の外観写真が、それぞれ、図13-16に示されている。
第一基材及び第二基材として、ヒノキを厚さ0.7mmにスライスした板(突板、サイズ:3cm×3cm)を準備した。第一基材及び第二基材の間に、製造例7のシート材(厚み:30μm、サイズ:2cm×2cm)を設置して、熱プレス機を用いて200℃で4分間加圧(1t)することにより、実施例139の積層材を得た。目視により、加熱圧着後のシート材が各基材と一体化されていることを確認した。また第一基材と第二基材とがシート材を介して強固に接着ており、剥離できないことを確認した。実施例139の積層材の外観写真が、図17に示されている。
熱プレス時の荷重を400kgに変更した以外は、実施例142と同様にして、実施例140-141の積層材を得た。目視により、加熱圧着後のシート材が基材と一体化されていること、及び、第一基材と第二基材とがシート材を介して強固に接着ており、剥離できないことを確認した。また、熱プレス時の荷重を1000kgから400kgに変更することで、加熱圧着による変形(厚みの低下)が抑制できることを確認した。
第一基材としてスギ木片(厚み:1.0cm、サイズ:4cmx5cm)を準備し、熱プレス条件を下表5に示すものに変更した以外は、実施例139と同様にして、実施例142の積層材を得た。目視により、加熱圧着後のシート材が各基材と一体化されていること、及び、第一基材と第二基材とがシート材を介して強固に接着ており、剥離できないことを確認した。実施例142の積層材の側面の外観写真が、図18に示されている。
基材として、ブナの端材(4cm×5cm)を準備した。この基材の表面を、研磨紙#80-120、研磨紙#100-120及び研磨紙#120-240を順に用いて研磨した。研磨した面に製造例8のシート材(2.5cm×3.5cm)を積層し、熱プレス機を用いて90℃で15分間加圧(5MPa)することにより、実施例143の積層材を得た。
基材として、ブナの端材に代えてスギの端材(4cm×5cm)を使用した以外は、実施例143と同様の方法により、実施例144の積層材を得た。
シート材として、製造例8のシート材に代えて製造例9のシート材を使用した以外は、実施例143と同様の方法により、実施例145の積層材を得た。
シート材として、製造例8のシート材に代えて製造例9のシート材を使用した以外は、実施例144と同様の方法により、実施例146の積層材を得た。
シート材として、製造例8のシート材に代えて製造例10のシート材を使用した以外は、実施例143と同様の方法により、実施例147の積層材を得た。
シート材として、製造例8のシート材に代えて製造例10のシート材を使用した以外は、実施例144と同様の方法により、実施例148の積層材を得た。
Claims (21)
- 第一基材と、この第一基材の表面に積層して一体化されたシート材と、を含んでおり、
上記第一基材の材質が、バイオマス素材、プラスチック、金属、セラミック、ガラス、パルプモールド及び紙からなる群から選択され、
上記シート材が、実質的に植物由来成分から形成されており、
上記シート材の赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて1715~1725cm-1の領域に吸収ピークを示す、積層材。 - 上記シート材の密度が0.2g/cm3以上1.2g/cm3以下である、請求項1に記載の積層材。
- 上記植物由来成分が、セルロース、ヘミセルロース及びリグニンからなる群から選択される1又は2以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の積層材。
- 上記セルロース、ヘミセルロース及びリグニンが有する水酸基の一部又は全部がホルミル化されている、請求項3に記載の積層材。
- 上記シート材が、二価以上の脂肪酸及び/又はその無水物を含む、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の積層材。
- 上記シート材を介して上記第一基材に積層接着された第二基材をさらに含み、
上記第二基材の材質が、バイオマス素材、プラスチック、金属、セラミック、ガラス、パルプモールド及び紙からなる群から選択される、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の積層材。 - 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の積層材に用いられるシート材。
- 植物原料を有機酸に溶解して植物溶液を得ること、
上記植物溶液から液体成分を除去して、実質的に植物由来成分から形成されたシート材を得ること、
及び
上記第一基材の表面に、上記シート材を積層して加熱圧着することにより、上記シート材と上記第一基材とが一体化した積層材を得ること、
を含む、請求項1に記載の積層材の製造方法。 - 上記シート材を積層する前に上記第一基材を研磨すること、をさらに含む、請求項8に記載の積層材の製造方法。
- 植物原料を有機酸に溶解して植物溶液を得ること、
上記植物溶液から液体成分を除去して、実質的に植物由来成分から形成されたシート材を得ること、
及び
上記第一基材と上記第二基材との間に上記シート材を設置して加熱圧着することにより、上記第一基材及び第二基材を積層接着すること、
を含む、請求項6に記載の積層材の製造方法。 - 上記シート材を設置する前に上記第一基材及び第二基材を研磨すること、をさらに含む、請求項10に記載の積層材の製造方法。
- 上記植物原料が、木質系バイオマス、草本系バイオマス又はそれらの混合物である、請求項8から11のいずれかに記載の積層材の製造方法。
- 上記有機酸が、ギ酸、グリオキシル酸及びピルビン酸からなる群から選択される1又は2以上である、請求項8から12のいずれかに記載の積層材の製造方法。
- 上記植物原料を上記有機酸に溶解する温度が20℃以上80℃以下である、請求項8から13のいずれかに記載の積層材の製造方法。
- 上記加熱圧着の温度が220℃以下である、請求項8から14のいずれかに記載の積層材の製造方法。
- 植物原料を有機酸に溶解して植物溶液を得ること、
上記植物溶液から液体成分を除去して、実質的に植物由来成分から形成されたシート材を得ること、
及び
上記シート材を成形品の表面に積層して加熱圧着すること、
を含む、成形品の表面改質方法。 - 植物原料を有機酸に溶解して得られる植物溶液、及び/又は、この植物溶液から液体成分を除去することにより得られる実質的に植物由来成分からなるシート材を含む、接着剤。
- 上記植物原料が、木質系バイオマス、草本系バイオマス又はそれらの混合物である、請求項17に記載の接着剤。
- 上記シート材が、二価以上の脂肪酸及び/又はその無水物を含む、請求項17又は18に記載の接着剤。
- 上記有機酸が、ギ酸、グリオキシル酸及びピルビン酸からなる群から選択される1又は2以上である、請求項17から19のいずれかに記載の接着剤。
- 植物原料を有機酸に溶解して得られる植物溶液を含み、上記植物溶液が植物由来成分を含み、この植物由来成分がセルロース、ヘミセルロース及びリグニンからなる群から選択される1又は2以上であり、上記セルロース、ヘミセルロース及びリグニンの一部又は全部の水酸基がホルミル化されている、接着剤。
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| CN119585094A (zh) | 2025-03-07 |
| EP4559649A1 (en) | 2025-05-28 |
| WO2024018519A1 (ja) | 2024-01-25 |
| JPWO2024018714A1 (ja) | 2024-01-25 |
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