WO2024004464A1 - メタノール製造方法及びメタノール製造装置 - Google Patents
メタノール製造方法及びメタノール製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024004464A1 WO2024004464A1 PCT/JP2023/019530 JP2023019530W WO2024004464A1 WO 2024004464 A1 WO2024004464 A1 WO 2024004464A1 JP 2023019530 W JP2023019530 W JP 2023019530W WO 2024004464 A1 WO2024004464 A1 WO 2024004464A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/1516—Multisteps
- C07C29/1518—Multisteps one step being the formation of initial mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen for synthesis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/152—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/02—Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols
- C07C31/04—Methanol
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00176—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles outside the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00823—Mixing elements
- B01J2208/00831—Stationary elements
- B01J2208/00849—Stationary elements outside the bed, e.g. baffles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a methanol production method and a methanol production apparatus.
- Industrial methanol production is carried out by using fossil fuel as a raw material and reacting the synthesis raw material gas, which is obtained by reforming the fossil fuel and whose main components are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, on a catalyst. .
- synthesis raw material gas which is obtained by reforming the fossil fuel and whose main components are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen
- a catalyst whose main components are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen
- BACKGROUND ART In recent years, instead of conventional processes using fossil fuels as raw materials, a technology for synthesizing methanol from carbon dioxide recovered from exhaust gas, the atmosphere, etc., and hydrogen recovered from water, etc. has been attracting attention.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a carbon dioxide reduction system that includes a transport route for separating carbon dioxide from exhaust gas and transporting the carbon dioxide, a means for heating carbon dioxide, and a reduction device.
- a methanol synthesis device is mentioned as an example of the device.
- Patent Document 2 mentions methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen and a downstream distillation process, and mentions that gas passing through a high-pressure separator in the synthesis process is partially recycled to the upstream of the synthesis process, and that the gas passing through the high-pressure separator in the synthesis process is partially recycled to the upstream of the synthesis process, and the low-pressure separation It is stated that the gas passing through the vessel is supplied to the distillation process.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a specific method for producing methanol using carbon dioxide and hydrogen as raw materials.
- the present inventors have discovered that methanol can be efficiently produced from carbon dioxide and hydrogen by a production method that includes specific steps, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- a method for producing methanol using carbon dioxide and hydrogen as raw materials comprising: a step (A) of mixing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to obtain makeup gas; Step (B) of pressurizing the make-up gas and then mixing it with recycled gas recovered from the outlet gas of the synthesis reactor to obtain a synthesis reactor supply gas; a step (C) of preheating the synthesis reactor supply gas by heat exchange using the outlet gas from the synthesis reactor as a heating source; a step (D) of synthesizing methanol by supplying the preheated synthesis reactor supply gas to the synthesis reactor and bringing it into contact with a catalyst;
- a method for producing methanol including: [2] The methanol production method according to [1] above, further comprising a step (E) of cooling the outlet gas by heat exchange using the synthesis reactor supply gas as a cooling source.
- the methanol production method according to [3] above further comprising: [5] a step (H) of recovering at least a portion of the gas phase obtained in the step (F) as a purge gas, and separating the purge gas into a first separated stream and a second separated stream; a step (I) of discharging a part of the first separated stream out of the synthesis system as a non-recovered gas, and recovering part or all of the remaining part as a recovered gas and mixing it with the make-up gas;
- a step (M) depending on the pressure of the vent gas, it is selected whether to merge the vent gas with the makeup gas or with the downstream of the carbon dioxide recovery equipment from exhaust gas, the atmosphere, etc.
- the method for producing methanol according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the content ratio of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the makeup gas is hydrogen/carbon dioxide 2.5 to 4.0 (volume ratio).
- a methanol production device for producing methanol using carbon dioxide and hydrogen as raw materials, a synthesis reactor; a first mixing means for mixing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to obtain make-up gas; a compressor that boosts the pressure of the makeup gas; a second mixing means for mixing the pressurized make-up gas with a recycle gas recovered from the outlet gas of the synthesis reactor to obtain a synthesis reactor feed gas; a first heat exchanger that preheats the synthesis reactor supply gas by heat exchange using the outlet gas from the synthesis reactor as a heating source; A methanol production apparatus, wherein the preheated synthesis reactor supply gas contacts a catalyst in the synthesis reactor to synthesize methanol.
- purge gas recovery means for recovering at least a portion of the gas phase as purge gas; Separation equipment for separating the purge gas into a first separated stream and a second separated stream; non-recovery gas discharge means for discharging a portion of the first separated stream as non-recovery gas to the outside of the synthesis system; a third mixing means for recovering part or all of the remaining part of the first separated stream as a recovery gas and mixing it with the makeup gas;
- the methanol production apparatus according to [12] or [13], further comprising a second separated stream discharge means for discharging the second separated stream to the outside of the synthesis system.
- the methanol production method of the present invention can reduce CO 2 emissions compared to conventional methods of producing methanol from fossil fuel-derived raw material gas.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a production apparatus used in the methanol production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a manufacturing apparatus used in the methanol manufacturing method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a manufacturing apparatus used in the methanol manufacturing method of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows another example of the manufacturing apparatus used for the methanol manufacturing method (multistage reaction) of this invention.
- the present embodiment a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as "the present embodiment") will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as necessary, but the present invention is limited to the following present embodiment. It's not a thing.
- the present invention can be modified in various ways without departing from the gist thereof.
- the same elements are given the same reference numerals, and overlapping explanations will be omitted.
- the positional relationships such as top, bottom, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified.
- the dimensional ratios in the drawings are not limited to the illustrated ratios.
- the methanol production method of this embodiment is as follows: A method for producing methanol using carbon dioxide and hydrogen as raw materials, the method comprising: a step (A) of mixing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to obtain makeup gas; Step (B) of pressurizing the make-up gas and then mixing it with recycled gas recovered from the outlet gas of the synthesis reactor to obtain a synthesis reactor supply gas; a step (C) of preheating the synthesis reactor supply gas by heat exchange using the outlet gas from the synthesis reactor as a heating source; a step (D) of synthesizing methanol by supplying the preheated synthesis reactor supply gas to the synthesis reactor and bringing it into contact with a catalyst; including.
- ⁇ Methanol production method> The methanol production method of this embodiment will be explained below using the methanol production apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. However, the methanol production method of this embodiment is not limited to the embodiment using the production apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- Step (A) in the methanol production method of this embodiment is a step of mixing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to obtain makeup gas 1.
- carbon dioxide and hydrogen introduced from the carbon dioxide introduction pipe 20 and the hydrogen introduction pipe 30 are mixed in the line 1.
- the content ratio of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the makeup gas can be adjusted to an appropriate ratio by controlling the flow rates of each raw material from the carbon dioxide introduction pipe and the hydrogen introduction pipe.
- the carbon dioxide and hydrogen used as raw materials are not particularly limited, but from the perspective of reducing CO2 emissions, carbon dioxide should be recovered from exhaust gas or the atmosphere, and hydrogen should be recovered from renewable energy. It is preferable to use the one obtained by using More specifically, carbon dioxide comes from thermal power generation, biomass power generation, natural gas power generation, by-products during chemical manufacturing, accompanying sewage treatment digestion gas, methane fermentation, and mineral processes. Carbon dioxide derived from the steel industry, waste incinerators, etc. can be used, and hydrogen can be used, for example, by-product hydrogen from oil refinery equipment, by-product hydrogen from chemical processes, and by-product hydrogen combined with CCS. Blue hydrogen such as hydrogen, hydrogen whose gas composition is adjusted by PSA etc., water electrolysis hydrogen, salt water electrolysis hydrogen, hydrogen obtained by other electrolytic techniques, hydrogen obtained by steam reforming, etc. can be used.
- the purity of carbon dioxide used as a raw material is preferably 98% or more, preferably 99% or more, and more preferably 99.9% or more.
- the purity of hydrogen used as a raw material is preferably 99% or more, preferably 99.9% or more, and more preferably 99.99% or more.
- the makeup gas 1 is pressurized and then mixed with the recycled gas 3 recovered from the outlet gas of the synthesis reactor 6 to form the synthesis reactor supply gas 4.
- a compressor 2 is used to increase the pressure of the makeup gas.
- the recycled gas 3 is a gas containing unreacted components of the synthesis reactor supply gas 4 used in the methanol synthesis reaction, and is recovered from the outlet gas 7 of the synthesis reactor 6.
- the circulation ratio which is the ratio of the molar flow rate of recycle gas 3 to the molar amount of make-up gas 1, is preferably 1.0 to 7.0, more preferably 3.0 to 7.0, and even more preferably It is 4.0 to 6.0.
- the circulation ratio can be measured by the ratio of 3 flow rates of the recycle gas and 1 flow rate of the raw material gas (make-up gas).
- Step (C) in the methanol production method of this embodiment is a step of preheating the synthesis reactor supply gas 4 by heat exchange using the outlet gas 7 from the synthesis reactor 6 as a heating source.
- a mutual heat exchanger 5 is used for heat exchange.
- Step (D) in the methanol production method of this embodiment is a step of supplying the preheated synthesis reactor supply gas 4 to the synthesis reactor 6 and bringing it into contact with a catalyst to synthesize methanol.
- the gas temperature at the inlet of the synthesis reactor is appropriately set depending on the type and amount of the catalyst, the shape of the reactor, the reaction pressure, etc., but is preferably 170 to 260 °C, more preferably 170 to 220 °C, and Preferably it is 170 to 200°C.
- the inlet gas temperature is 170°C or higher, reactivity tends to improve, and when it is 260°C or lower, equipment costs tend to be reduced.
- the gas pressure at the inlet of the synthesis reactor is preferably 4.9 to 14.7 MPaG, more preferably 5.0 to 11.0 MPaG, and even more preferably 5.0 to 10.0 MPaG.
- the inlet gas pressure is 4.9 MPaG or more, the reactivity tends to improve, and when it is 14.7 MPaG or less, the production efficiency tends to increase.
- M (H 2 mol%) / (2 x CO mol% + 3 x CO 2 mol%) is preferably from 1.3 to 5.0, more preferably from 1.5 to 4.0.
- the reaction temperature in the synthesis reactor 6 is preferably 200 to 300°C, more preferably 200 to 280°C, even more preferably 200 to 270°C, from the viewpoint of maintaining reactivity, suppressing by-products, and protecting the catalyst.
- the synthesis reactor 6 is not particularly limited, but preferably has a mechanism (heat removal mechanism) for removing heat generated in the reaction from the catalyst layer.
- a heat exchange type tubular reactor in which the shell side serves as an evaporator, an adiabatic type reactor, etc. can be used.
- FIG. 1 is an example in which a heat exchange type tubular reactor is used as the synthesis reactor
- FIG. 2 is an example in which an adiabatic type reactor is used as the synthesis reactor.
- the reaction temperature is controlled by indirect heat exchange with pressurized boiling water to obtain saturated steam.
- the boiling water is circulated through the steam drum and the shell side of the Tubular reactor to recover steam from the steam drum.
- the steam obtained in this synthesis system is preferably used as a heat source for the purification process of the methanol solution downstream of the synthesis process.
- the temperature of the pressurized boiling water is preferably 220°C to 260°C.
- an adiabatic reactor When an adiabatic reactor is used, it has one or more catalyst layers inside, and if there are two or more layers, part of the synthesis reactor supply gas 4 is branched as a cooling gas for the intermediate layer and used as a quench gas.
- the reaction temperature may be controlled by supplying the steam, and an evaporator may be installed as a heat recovery device in the reactor outlet gas 7 to recover the steam, which may similarly be used as a heat source for the purification process of the downstream methanol solution.
- the catalyst used for synthesis is preferably a methanol synthesis catalyst containing copper atoms and zinc atoms as essential components.
- a catalyst is reduced from an oxide state by a reducing gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or a mixed gas thereof, thereby activating the copper and having catalytic activity.
- the catalyst may also contain aluminum atoms and/or chromium atoms as the main third component.
- a catalyst containing copper and zinc as essential components can be prepared by a known method. Such catalysts can be prepared, for example, by methods described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-44715, Japanese Patent No. 2695663, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-35401, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-272361, and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-205089. can do.
- a preferred catalyst is a methanol synthesis catalyst that contains copper atoms and zinc atoms at an atomic ratio (copper/zinc) of 2.0 to 3.0 and also contains aluminum atoms.
- examples of such catalysts include the catalyst prepared by the method described in JP-A-8-299796 and the catalyst described in WO 2011/048976.
- Specific examples of preferred catalysts include the catalysts used in Examples and Comparative Examples of International Publication No. 2011/048976, such as Example 2 and Example 3.
- a more preferable atomic ratio (copper/zinc) of copper atoms and zinc atoms in the catalyst is in the range of 2.1 to 3.0.
- a methanol synthesis catalyst containing 3 to 20% by mass of alumina is more preferred.
- Such a catalyst can be prepared, for example, by the method described in WO 2011/048976, as described above. More specifically, for example, a process of mixing an aqueous solution containing copper, an aqueous solution containing zinc, and an alkaline aqueous solution to produce a precipitate containing copper and zinc, and a process of mixing the obtained precipitate with an alumina having a pseudo-boehmite structure. It is prepared by a manufacturing method that includes the steps of mixing with a hydrate to obtain a mixture, and molding the obtained mixture to a density of 2.0 to 3.0 g/mL.
- examples of the molding method include tabletting, extrusion molding, and rolling granulation.
- the catalyst used in this embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned catalysts and the catalysts prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method, and may be other catalysts having equivalent methanol synthesis activity.
- Step (E) in the methanol production method of this embodiment is a step of cooling the outlet gas 7 of the synthesis reactor by heat exchange using the synthesis reactor supply gas 4 as a cooling source.
- the mutual heat exchanger 5 used in step (C) is used for heat exchange.
- the outlet gas from the synthesis reactor 6 may be cooled by heat exchange using the synthesis reactor supply gas 4 as a cooling source, and then further cooled through the cooler 8.
- Step (F) in the methanol production method of this embodiment is a step of separating the outlet gas cooled in step (E) into gas and liquid to obtain a gas phase containing unreacted gas.
- Gas-liquid separation of the cooled outlet gas is performed using, for example, a high-pressure separator 9.
- At least a portion of the gas phase containing unreacted gas separated into gas and liquid by the high-pressure separator 9 in step (F) is discharged to the outside of the synthesis system through the purge gas discharge pipe 10.
- inert gases and impurities contained in the raw materials and by-products (hydrocarbons, organic gas impurities such as methyl formate) generated by the synthesis reaction are discharged out of the system as purge gas.
- the amount of inert gas in the make-up gas is smaller than in the conventional process, and the amount of inert gas discharged in the purge gas is also smaller. Therefore, it is possible to operate with less purge gas than in conventional processes.
- step (F) part or all of the remaining gas phase obtained in step (F) is recovered as recycled gas 3 and mixed with makeup gas 1 after pressurization.
- the recycled gas 3 may be compressed by a compressor 11 or the like before being mixed with the makeup gas 1.
- the purge gas 10 is a flammable gas containing CH 4 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 , etc. as its main components, it is often subjected to combustion treatment in the same way as in conventional processes, and the carbon contained in the purge gas is emitted as CO 2 . Often.
- the methanol production method of this embodiment may further include the following steps (H) to (J).
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is an example of an apparatus used when implementing the method including steps (H) to (J) of this embodiment.
- Step (H) A step of recovering at least a portion of the gas phase obtained in step (F) as purge gas 10 and separating the purge gas into a first separated stream 16 and a second separated stream 17
- step (I)] A step of discharging a part of the first separated stream 16 to the outside of the synthesis system as a non-recovered gas 19, and recovering part or all of the remaining part as a recovered gas 18 and mixing it with the make-up gas 1
- Step (J) Discharging the second separated stream 17 out of the synthesis system
- purge gas 10 passes through separation equipment 15 and is separated into a first separated stream 16 and a second separated stream 17.
- the separation equipment 15 include equipment that removes impurities from the purge gas, such as a demister, adsorbent, scrubber, cyclone, vane, and filter, and equipment that separates H 2 from the purge gas, such as a PSA and membrane separator.
- Impurities to be removed include organic substances such as hydrocarbons and esters, inorganic substances such as chlorine, and solid substances such as iron rust.
- the first separated stream 16 becomes a purified purge gas obtained by removing impurities from the purge gas 10
- the second separated stream 17 becomes an impurity stream. Since the impurity removal device reduces the amount of impurities accumulated in the synthesis system, the amount of gas released outside the synthesis system and the amount of CO2 emissions tend to be reduced.
- the second separated stream 17 discharged from the separation equipment after cleaning becomes a mixed solution of methanol, water, impurity flow, etc., and is collected and used in the purification process.
- the methanol is recovered.
- the first separated stream 16 becomes a gas with a higher H 2 concentration than the purge gas 10
- the second separated stream 17 becomes a gas with a higher CO 2 concentration than the purge gas 10.
- the first separated stream 16 with a high concentration of H 2 may be entirely mixed with the makeup gas 1 as a recovered gas 18, or a portion may be discharged outside the synthesis system as a non-recovered gas 19, or the entire amount may be mixed with the makeup gas 1 as a recovered gas 18. It may be discharged outside the synthesis system as gas 19.
- the unrecovered gas with a high H2 concentration can be used as a clean fuel that does not emit CO2 .
- the second separated stream 17 is discharged outside the synthesis system.
- the CO 2 contained in the second separated stream 17 may be reused as a raw material, or may be treated by burying it underground using CCS or the like to reduce CO 2 emissions.
- the methanol production method of this embodiment may further include the following steps (K) and (L).
- steps (K) A step of reducing the pressure of the liquid phase obtained by gas-liquid separation of the outlet gas cooled in the step (E).
- step (E) After reducing the pressure of the liquid phase obtained by gas-liquid separation of the cooled outlet gas in step (E) using a low-pressure separator 12 or the like, flash gas generated when the pressure is reduced in the low-pressure separator 12 is sent to the scrubber 13 and brought into contact with water to recover methanol and water.
- the methanol production method of this embodiment may further include the following steps (M) and (N).
- steps (M) and (N) A step of reusing the vent gas generated from the scrubber generated in the step (L) as a raw material
- vent gas 14 generated from the scrubber in step (L) Since the main components of the vent gas 14 generated from the scrubber in step (L) are CO 2 and H 2 , it may be reused as a raw material (step (M)), or the vent gas 14 may be combined with the purge gas 10. Good (Step (N)).
- step (M) depending on the pressure level of the vent gas 14, whether the vent gas 14 is combined with the makeup gas 1 or into the downstream of carbon dioxide recovery equipment (not shown) from exhaust gas, the atmosphere, etc. , may be selected. For example, if the pressure of the vent gas 14 is higher than the pressure of the makeup gas 1 sent to the compressor 2, the vent gas 14 may be reused after joining the makeup gas 1. On the other hand, if the pressure of the vent gas 14 is lower than the pressure of the make-up gas 1 sent to the compressor 2, it merges with CO 2 downstream of the carbon dioxide recovery equipment operated at atmospheric pressure or low pressure, and the combined gas After increasing the pressure, it may be reused through the carbon dioxide introduction pipe 20.
- low pressure means, for example, less than 1.0 MPaG.
- the aqueous solution containing methanol separated by the low-pressure separator 12 may be sent to a purification process such as distillation.
- a purification process such as distillation.
- the low pressure separator 12 and the scrubber 13 are shown as separate devices in FIG. 1, the low pressure separator 12 and the scrubber 13 may be integrated.
- the methanol production apparatus of this embodiment is an apparatus for carrying out the above-described methanol production method, and includes, for example, the apparatuses shown in the schematic diagrams of FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the methanol production apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is a methanol production apparatus for producing methanol using carbon dioxide and hydrogen as raw materials, and includes: a synthesis reactor 6; a first mixing means for mixing carbon dioxide and hydrogen to obtain make-up gas (the confluence of the carbon dioxide introduction pipe 20 and the hydrogen introduction pipe 30); a compressor 2 that boosts the pressure of the makeup gas; a second mixing means (junction of line 1 and line 3) for obtaining a synthesis reactor supply gas by mixing the pressurized make-up gas with the recycled gas recovered from the outlet gas of the synthesis reactor; a first heat exchanger 5 that preheats the synthesis reactor supply gas by exchanging heat using the outlet gas from the synthesis reactor as a heating source; In the synthesis reactor 6, the preheated synthesis reactor feed gas contacts the catalyst to
- the outlet gas from the synthesis reactor 6 may be cooled by heat exchange with the synthesis reactor supply gas by the first heat exchanger 5 using the synthesis reactor supply gas as a cooling source.
- the methanol production apparatus of the present embodiment further includes a high-pressure separator 9 for obtaining a gas phase containing unreacted gas by separating the outlet gas cooled by the first heat exchanger 5 into gas and liquid. Good too.
- the methanol production apparatus of this embodiment further includes a purge gas discharge means (line 10) for discharging at least a part of the gas phase obtained in the high pressure separator 9 out of the synthesis system as a purge gas, Part or all of the gas remaining after the purge gas is discharged may be recovered as the recycled gas and mixed with the make-up gas by the second mixing means (the confluence of line 1 and line 3).
- a purge gas discharge means line 10 for discharging at least a part of the gas phase obtained in the high pressure separator 9 out of the synthesis system as a purge gas, Part or all of the gas remaining after the purge gas is discharged may be recovered as the recycled gas and mixed with the make-up gas by the second mixing means (the confluence of line 1 and line 3).
- the methanol production apparatus 101 of the present embodiment includes a purge gas recovery means (line 10) for recovering at least a portion of the gas phase obtained in the high-pressure separator 9 as a purge gas; separation equipment 15 for separating the purge gas into a first separated stream and a second separated stream; non-recovery gas discharge means (line 19) for discharging a portion of the first separated stream out of the synthesis system as non-recovery gas; a third mixing means (merging portion of line 1 and line 18) for recovering part or all of the remaining first separated flow as recovery gas and mixing it with the makeup gas; It may further include a second separated flow discharge means (line 17) for discharging the second separated flow out of the synthesis system.
- the methanol production method and production apparatus of this embodiment include a multistage reaction production method and production apparatus using a device in which a first synthesis reactor 6 and a second synthesis reactor 6' are arranged in series as shown in FIG. 102 is also included.
- the outlet gas from the first synthesis reactor 6 is cooled by the heat exchanger 5, separated into gas and liquid by the separator 9, and then preheated by the heat exchanger 5' and then transferred to the first synthesis reactor again.
- the method for producing methanol using one synthesis reactor described above is the same as that described above, except that the reaction mixture is supplied to another second synthesis reactor 6'.
- a separation facility for separating the purge gas is not shown in FIG. 4, a separation facility for separating the purge gas may be provided in the multistage reaction as well, similar to the above-mentioned methanol production method.
- the catalyst used for methanol synthesis is a catalyst prepared by the method described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-44715 (Methanol Synthesis Catalyst A), and a catalyst prepared by the method described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-299796.
- the prepared catalyst methanol synthesis catalyst B
- the catalyst prepared by the method described in Example 3 of International Publication No. 2011/048976 methanol synthesis catalyst C
- the comparative example of JP 8-299796 Publication One of the catalysts (methanol synthesis catalyst D) prepared by the method described in 4.
- the pressurized make-up gas 1 joins with the recycle gas 3, it becomes the synthesis reactor supply gas 4, and the gas is supplied to the synthesis reactor by exchanging heat with the synthesis reactor outlet gas 7 flowing through the synthesis reactor 6 outlet.
- the synthesis reactor 6 a heat exchange type Tubular reactor having an inner tube made of stainless steel was used.
- the pressure of the fluid in the catalyst bed was 8.00-8.02 MPaG, and the temperature was between 200°C and 234°C. This was a very preferable temperature range for the use of the catalyst.
- the temperature of pressurized boiling water, which was a coolant was 227°C.
- the outlet gas 7 from the synthesis reactor 6 was cooled to 45° C., which is below the dew point of methanol, by the heat exchanger 5 and cooler 8 to promote condensation of methanol.
- the reactor outlet gas 7 flowing through the reactor outlet is cooled by the synthesis reactor feed gas 4 .
- the molar flow rate of the recycle gas 3 generated from the high-pressure separator 9 is controlled to be 2.7 times the molar flow rate of the make-up gas 1, resulting in a molar flow rate ratio of the purge gas 10 to the unreacted gas flow before separation of the purge gas 10. was 1.1%.
- Example 1 The synthetic carbon yield in Example 1 was 95.5%, expressed as the molar flow rate of methanol in crude methanol relative to the molar flow rate of CO2 in make-up gas 1.
- Example 1 In Comparative Example 1 as well, the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is the composition of makeup gas 1, which is a raw material. Assuming steam reformed gas obtained by steam reforming reaction of natural gas, which is widely used as a raw material for methanol synthesis, a typical composition thereof was used as the composition of makeup gas 1. The sum of the CO molar flow rate and the CO 2 molar flow rate of makeup gas 1, that is, the carbon raw material contributing to methanol production, was all the same in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. In addition, by adjusting the amount of catalyst introduced into the synthesis reactor 6, the synthetic carbon yield, that is, the methanol production were all made equal in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
- the outlet gas 7 from the synthesis reactor 6 was cooled to 45° C., which is below the dew point of methanol, by the heat exchanger 5 and cooler 8 to promote condensation of methanol.
- the reactor outlet gas 7 flowing through the reactor outlet is cooled by the synthesis reactor feed gas 4 .
- the molar flow rate of the recycle gas 3 generated from the high-pressure separator 9 is controlled to be 2.7 times the molar flow rate of the make-up gas 1, and as a result, the molar flow rate ratio of the purge gas to the unreacted gas flow before separation of the purge gas 10 is , 9.3%.
- the synthetic carbon yield in Comparative Example 1 is expressed as the molar flow rate of methanol in crude methanol relative to the sum of the molar flow rate of CO in makeup gas 1 and the molar flow rate of CO2 . .5%. At this time, the amount of catalyst was adjusted to about 1.1 times that in Example 1.
- Example 1 The difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is the composition of makeup gas 1.
- inert gas typified by CH 4 is present.
- CH 4 that does not contribute to methanol production is accumulated within the synthesis system and is discharged as purge gas.
- the amount of CO 2 emissions generated during the purge gas and vent gas combustion process was 5.5 times that of Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, as in Example 1, the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used. The difference from Example 1 is the composition of makeup gas 1, which is a raw material. Assuming a two-stage reformed gas that is widely used as a raw material for current methanol synthesis, which is obtained by subjecting natural gas to a steam reforming reaction and then subjecting it to a partial oxidation reaction, its typical composition is as follows: It was used as a composition.
- the outlet gas from the synthesis reactor 6 was cooled to 45° C., which is below the dew point of methanol, by the heat exchanger 5 and the cooler 8 to promote condensation of methanol.
- the reactor outlet gas 7 flowing through the reactor outlet is cooled by the synthesis reactor feed gas 4 .
- the molar flow rate of the recycle gas 3 generated from the high-pressure separator 9 is controlled to be 2.7 times the molar flow rate of the make-up gas 1, and as a result, the molar flow rate ratio of the purge gas to the unreacted gas flow before separation of the purge gas 10 is , 2.9%.
- the synthetic carbon yield in Comparative Example 2 is expressed as the molar flow rate of methanol in crude methanol relative to the sum of the molar flow rate of CO in make-up gas 1 and the molar flow rate of CO2, and the synthetic carbon yield is 95% as in Example 1. .5%.
- the amount of catalyst was adjusted to about 0.6 times that of Example 1.
- Example 1 The difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is the composition of makeup gas 1.
- the amount of CO 2 emissions generated during the purge gas and vent gas combustion process was 2.3 times that of Example 1.
- Table 1 shows various conditions and CO 2 emission ratios in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Example 2 was a process similar to Example 1, and was used for comparison with Examples 3 to 6.
- the pressurized make-up gas 1 joins with the recycle gas 3, it becomes the synthesis reactor supply gas 4, and the gas is supplied to the synthesis reactor by exchanging heat with the synthesis reactor outlet gas 7 flowing through the synthesis reactor 6 outlet.
- the synthesis reactor 6 a heat exchange type Tubular reactor having an inner tube made of stainless steel was used.
- the pressure of the fluid in the catalyst bed was 8.00-8.02 MPaG, and the temperature was between 200°C and 233°C.
- the outlet gas 7 from the synthesis reactor 6 was cooled to 45° C., which is below the dew point of methanol, by the heat exchanger 5 and cooler 8 to promote condensation of methanol.
- the reactor outlet gas 7 flowing through the reactor outlet is cooled by the synthesis reactor feed gas 4 .
- the molar flow rate of the recycle gas 3 generated from the high-pressure separator 9 is controlled to be 3.0 of the molar flow rate of the make-up gas 1, and as a result, the molar flow rate ratio of the purge gas to the unreacted gas flow before separation of the purge gas 10 is: It was 1.5%.
- the synthetic carbon yield in Example 2 was expressed as the molar molar flow rate in crude methanol relative to the CO2 molar flow rate in makeup gas 1, and the synthetic carbon yield was 93.8%. Furthermore, the synthetic hydrogen yield was expressed as the sum of twice the molar flow rate of methanol in crude methanol and the molar flow rate of water with respect to the molar flow rate of H2 in makeup gas 1, and was 94.3%.
- Example 3 In Example 3, the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 was used. By installing the separation equipment 15 for separating the purge gas 10 of Example 2, the synthetic carbon yield was improved compared to Example 2. In Example 3, a scrubber was installed as separation equipment. By sprinkling water with a scrubber, the methanol present in the purge gas 10 is recovered together with water into the second separated stream 17, which is sent to a purification process to become a product. The remaining gas became a second separated stream 16 and was discharged outside the system as a non-recovered gas 19.
- Example 3 The synthetic carbon yield in Example 3 was expressed as the molar molar flow rate in crude methanol relative to the CO2 molar flow rate in makeup gas 1, and the synthetic carbon yield was 94.1%. The yield was improved by 0.3% compared to Example 2.
- Example 4 In Example 4 as well, the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 was used. By installing a PSA-H2 device downstream of the scrubber of separation equipment 15 in Example 3, the synthetic hydrogen yield was improved compared to Example 1.
- the H 2 present in the purge gas 10 passing through the PSA was separated into a first separated stream 16 with a recovery rate of 80% and a purity of 100% after recovery.
- the second separated stream 17 In the second separated stream 17, in addition to the scrubber waste water, residual gas of the purge gas 10, which had a higher carbon concentration than the purge gas 10, was present.
- H 2 is expensive, and economical benefits can be obtained by reusing it as the recovered gas 18 as a raw material for methanol synthesis. Further, it has high utility value as a clean fuel that does not generate CO 2 , and is also useful when supplied outside the system as non-recovery gas 19 .
- Example 4 the entire amount of the first separated stream 16 was recovered as the recovery gas 18, and the flow rate of H2 supplied as a raw material was reduced accordingly.
- Example 4 Compared to Examples 2 and 3, in Example 4, the amount of H 2 supplied as a raw material was reduced by about 3%.
- the synthetic hydrogen yield was expressed as the sum of the molar flow rate of methanol in crude methanol x 2 times the molar flow rate of H2 in make-up gas 1 and the molar flow rate of water, and was 98.4%. This was improved by about 4% compared to Example 2 and Example 3.
- Table 2 shows various conditions and CO 2 emission ratios in Examples 2 to 4.
- Example 5 In Example 5, the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 was used. By installing a device for removing impurities from the purge gas 10 such as a demister, an adsorbent, a scrubber, a cyclone, a vane, and a filter as the separation equipment 15 for separating the purge gas 10 of Example 2, hydrocarbons, esters, etc. present in the system can be removed. Organic substances, inorganic substances such as chlorine, and solid impurities such as iron rust can be released from the system and their accumulation within the system can be prevented.
- a device for removing impurities from the purge gas 10 such as a demister, an adsorbent, a scrubber, a cyclone, a vane, and a filter
- hydrocarbons, esters, etc. present in the system can be removed.
- Organic substances, inorganic substances such as chlorine, and solid impurities such as iron rust can be released from the system and their accumulation within the system can be prevented.
- a purge gas from which impurities were removed was present in the first separated stream 16, and part or all of it was recovered as a raw material as a recovered gas 18, and the remaining part was supplied outside the synthesis system as a non-recovered gas 19. Impurities were present in the second separated stream 17 and were discharged outside the synthesis system.
- Example 5 since impurities are removed in the separation equipment 15, even if the recovered gas 18 is combined with the makeup gas 1, no impurities are accumulated in the synthesis system. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the purge gas flow rate by 10 molar compared to Examples 1 and 2, the upper limit of the synthetic carbon yield and the synthetic hydrogen yield is not limited, and the gas discharged outside the synthesis system can be reduced. It is possible to reduce CO 2 emissions during combustion treatment.
- Example 6 In Example 6 as well, the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 was used. Since the main components of the vent gas 14 are H 2 and CO 2 , it is reused as a raw material gas. The amount of H 2 and CO 2 supplied to the raw material is correspondingly reduced, and the carbon yield and hydrogen yield are improved. Furthermore, the amount of CO 2 emitted when gas discharged outside the synthesis system is combusted is reduced.
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Abstract
Description
化石燃料を原料とした従来プロセスに代わって、近年、排気ガスや大気等から回収した二酸化炭素と、水等から回収した水素とからメタノールを合成する技術が注目されている。二酸化炭素と水素を原料としたメタノール合成プロセスでは、化石燃料の改質工程が存在せずCO2を排出しないことに加えて、合成原料ガスにN2やCH4などの不活性ガスがほぼ含まれていないため、合成循環系からの不活性ガス排出量が少なく、排出ガスを処理する際に発生するCO2等を抑制することができる。
特許文献1には、排気ガスから二酸化炭素を分離して二酸化炭素を輸送する輸送経路と、二酸化炭素を加熱する手段と、還元装置とを備えた二酸化炭素還元システムが開示されており、この還元装置の一例としてメタノール合成装置を挙げられている。
特許文献2には、二酸化炭素と水素からのメタノール合成および下流の蒸留プロセスについて言及しており、合成プロセスの高圧分離器通過ガスを合成プロセス上流に部分的に再循環されることや、低圧分離器通過ガスが蒸留プロセスに供給されること等が記載されている。
上記事情に鑑み、本発明は、二酸化炭素と水素とを原料としてメタノールを製造する具体的な方法について提供することを目的とする。
二酸化炭素と水素を原料としてメタノールを製造する方法であって、
二酸化炭素と水素とを混合してメイクアップガスを得る工程(A)と、
前記メイクアップガスを昇圧した後、合成反応器の出口ガスから回収されたリサイクルガスと混合して合成反応器供給ガスを得る工程(B)と、
前記合成反応器供給ガスを、前記合成反応器からの出口ガスを加熱源として熱交換することにより予熱する工程(C)と、
前記予熱後の合成反応器供給ガスを合成反応器へ供給し、触媒と接触させることでメタノールを合成する工程(D)と、
を含む、メタノール製造方法。
[2]
前記出口ガスを、前記合成反応器供給ガスを冷却源として熱交換することにより冷却する工程(E)をさらに含む、上記[1]記載のメタノール製造方法。
[3]
前記工程(E)において冷却された出口ガスを気液分離することで未反応ガスを含む気相を得る工程(F)をさらに含む、上記[2]記載のメタノール製造方法。
[4]
前記工程(F)において得られた気相の少なくとも一部をパージガスとして合成系外へ排出し、残りの一部または全部を前記リサイクルガスとして回収して前記メイクアップガスと混合する工程(G)をさらに含む、上記[3]記載のメタノール製造方法。
[5]
前記工程(F)において得られた気相の少なくとも一部をパージガスとして回収し、前記パージガスを第1分離流と第2分離流とに分離する工程(H)と、
前記第1分離流の一部を非回収ガスとして合成系外へ排出し、残りの一部または全部を回収ガスとして回収して前記メイクアップガスと混合する工程(I)と、
前記第2分離流を合成系外へ排出する工程(J)と、をさらに含む、上記[3]記載のメタノール製造方法。
[6]
前記工程(E)において冷却された出口ガスを気液分離することで得られた液相を落圧する工程(K)と、
前記工程(K)における落圧時に発生したフラッシュガスをスクラバーに送る工程(L)と、
をさらに含む、上記[2]又は[3]に記載のメタノール製造方法。
[7]
前記工程(L)において発生したスクラバーから発生したベントガスを原料として再利用する工程(M)をさらに含む、上記[6]に記載のメタノール製造方法。
[8]
前記工程(M)において、ベントガスの圧力の高低によって、ベントガスをメイクアップガスと合流させるか、排気ガスや大気等からの二酸化炭素回収設備後流に合流させるか、を選択する、上記[7]に記載のメタノール製造方法。
[9]
前記工程(L)において発生したスクラバーから発生したベントガスを前記パージガスに合流させる工程(N)をさらに含む、上記[6]に記載のメタノール製造方法。
[10]
前記メイクアップガス中の二酸化炭素と水素の含有割合が、水素/二酸化炭素=2.5~4.0(体積比)である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載のメタノール製造方法。
[11]
前記メイクアップガスのモル量流に対する前記リサイクルガスのモル流量の比である循環比が1.0~7.0である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載のメタノール製造方法。
[12]
二酸化炭素と水素を原料としてメタノールを製造するためのメタノール製造装置であって、
合成反応器と、
二酸化炭素と水素とを混合してメイクアップガスを得る第1混合手段と、
前記メイクアップガスを昇圧する圧縮機と、
前記昇圧されたメイクアップガスを、前記合成反応器の出口ガスから回収されたリサイクルガスと混合して合成反応器供給ガスを得る第2混合手段と、
前記合成反応器供給ガスを、前記合成反応器からの出口ガスを加熱源として熱交換することにより予熱する第1熱交換器と、を備え、
前記合成反応器内で前記予熱後の合成反応器供給ガスが触媒と接触してメタノールが合成される、メタノール製造装置。
[13]
前記第1熱交換器により、前記出口ガスを、前記合成反応器供給ガスを冷却源として熱交換することにより冷却する、上記[12]記載のメタノール製造装置。
[14]
前記冷却された出口ガスを気液分離することで未反応ガスを含む気相を得るための高圧分離器をさらに備える、上記[12]又は[13]に記載のメタノール製造装置。
[15]
前記気相の少なくとも一部をパージガスとして合成系外へ排出するためのパージガス排出手段をさらに備え、
前記気相のパージガス排出後の残りの一部または全部が前記リサイクルガスとして回収されて前記メイクアップガスと前記第2混合手段により混合される、上記[12]又は[13]に記載のメタノール製造装置。
[16]
前記気相の少なくとも一部をパージガスとして回収するためのパージガス回収手段と、
前記パージガスを第1分離流と第2分離流とに分離するための分離設備と、
前記第1分離流の一部を非回収ガスとして合成系外へ排出するための非回収ガス排出手段と、
前記第1分離流の残りの一部または全部を回収ガスとして回収して前記メイクアップガスと混合するための第3混合手段と、
前記第2分離流を合成系外へ排出するための第2分離流排出手段と、をさらに備える、上記[12]又は[13]に記載のメタノール製造装置。
二酸化炭素と水素を原料としてメタノールを製造する方法であって、
二酸化炭素と水素とを混合してメイクアップガスを得る工程(A)と、
前記メイクアップガスを昇圧した後、合成反応器の出口ガスから回収されたリサイクルガスと混合して合成反応器供給ガスを得る工程(B)と、
前記合成反応器供給ガスを、前記合成反応器からの出口ガスを加熱源として熱交換することにより予熱する工程(C)と、
前記予熱後の合成反応器供給ガスを合成反応器へ供給し、触媒と接触させることでメタノールを合成する工程(D)と、
を含む。
以下、本実施形態のメタノール製造方法を、図1~3のメタノール製造装置を用いて説明する。ただし、本実施形態のメタノール製造方法は、図1~3の製造装置を用いた実施態様に限定されることはない。
本実施形態のメタノール製造方法における工程(A)は、二酸化炭素と水素とを混合してメイクアップガス1を得る工程である。本工程においては、二酸化炭素導入管20と、水素導入管30とから導入された二酸化炭素および水素が、ライン1内で混合される。
メイクアップガス中の二酸化炭素と水素の含有割合は、二酸化炭素導入管と、水素導入管からの、各原料の流量を制御することで適切な割合に調整することができる。
原料として用いる水素の純度は製造効率の観点から、99%以上であることが好ましく、99.9%以上であることが好ましく、99.99%以上であることがより好ましい。
本実施形態のメタノール製造方法における工程(B)は、前記メイクアップガス1を昇圧した後、合成反応器6の出口ガスから回収されたリサイクルガス3と混合して、合成反応器供給ガス4を得る工程である。メイクアップガスの昇圧には、例えば、圧縮機2が用いられる。
上記循環比は、リサイクルガス3流量と原料ガス(メイクアップガス)1流量の比率により測定することができる。
本実施形態のメタノール製造方法における工程(C)は、前記合成反応器供給ガス4を、前記合成反応器6からの出口ガス7を加熱源として熱交換することにより予熱する工程である。熱交換には、例えば、相互熱交換器5が用いられる。
本実施形態のメタノール製造方法における工程(D)は、前記予熱後の合成反応器供給ガス4を合成反応器6へ供給し、触媒と接触させることでメタノールを合成する工程である。
M=(H2モル%)/(2×COモル%+3×CO2モル%)
が、1.3~5.0であることが好ましく、1.5~4.0であることがより好ましい。Mの値が1.3以上であると、副生成物が減少する傾向にあり、5.0以下であると、製造効率が上昇する傾向にある。
好ましい触媒の具体例としては、国際公開第2011/048976号の実施例及び比較例、例えば、実施例2及び実施例3に用いられた触媒が挙げられる。また、触媒における銅原子及び亜鉛原子のより好ましい原子比(銅/亜鉛)は、2.1~3.0の範囲である。それに加えて、アルミナを3~20質量%含むメタノール合成触媒がさらに好ましい。かかる触媒は、上述のとおり、例えば、国際公開第2011/048976号に記載の方法により調製することができる。より具体的には、例えば、銅を含む水溶液と亜鉛を含む水溶液とアルカリ水溶液とを混合して銅及び亜鉛を含む沈殿物を生成する工程と、得られた沈殿物と擬ベーマイト構造を有するアルミナ水和物とを混合して混合物を得る工程と、得られた混合物を密度が2.0~3.0g/mLになるように成型する工程とを有する製造方法によって調製される。ここで、成型方法としては、例えば、錠剤化、押出成形及び転動造粒が挙げられる。ただし、本実施形態に用いる触媒は上記の触媒及び上記の調製方法で調製された触媒に限定されるものではなく、同等のメタノール合成活性を有する他の触媒であってもよい。
本実施形態のメタノール製造方法における工程(E)は、前記合成反応器の出口ガス7を、前記合成反応器供給ガス4を冷却源として熱交換することにより冷却する工程である。熱交換には、例えば、工程(C)で用いた相互熱交換器5が用いられる。
本実施形態のメタノール製造方法における工程(F)は、前記工程(E)において冷却された出口ガスを気液分離することで未反応ガスを含む気相を得る工程である。冷却された出口ガスの気液分離は、例えば、高圧分離器9を用いて行われる。
本実施形態のメタノール製造方法における工程(G)は、前記工程(F)において得られた気相の少なくとも一部をパージガス10として合成系外へ排出し、残りの一部を前記リサイクルガス3として回収して前記メイクアップガス1と混合する工程である。
[工程(H)]
工程(F)において得られた気相の少なくとも一部をパージガス10として回収し、前記パージガスを第1分離流16と第2分離流17とに分離する工程
[工程(I)]
前記第1分離流16の一部を非回収ガス19として合成系外へ排出し、残りの一部または全部を回収ガス18として回収して前記メイクアップガス1と混合する工程
[工程(J)]
前記第2分離流17を合成系外へ排出する工程
[工程(K)]
前記工程(E)において冷却された出口ガスを気液分離することで得られた液相を落圧する工程
前記工程(K)における落圧時に発生したフラッシュガスをスクラバーに送る工程
[工程(M)]
前記工程(L)において発生したスクラバーから発生したベントガスを原料として再利用する工程
前記工程(L)において発生したスクラバーから発生したベントガスを前記パージガスに合流させる工程
例えば、ベントガス14の圧力が圧縮機2に送られるメイクアップガス1の圧力よりも高い場合は、ベントガス14がメイクアップガス1に合流した上で再利用されてもよい。一方、ベントガス14の圧力が圧縮機2に送られるメイクアップガス1の圧力よりも低い場合は、大気圧もしくは低圧で運転されている二酸化炭素回収設備後流のCO2と合流し、合流したガスを昇圧した後、二酸化炭素導入管20を通じて再利用されてもよい。ここで、低圧とは、例えば、1.0MpaG未満のことをいう。
本実施形態のメタノール製造装置は、上述したメタノール製造方法を実施するための装置であり、例えば、図1~3の模式図で示す装置が挙げられる。
本実施形態のメタノール製造装置100は、二酸化炭素と水素を原料としてメタノールを製造するためのメタノール製造装置であって、
合成反応器6と、
二酸化炭素と水素とを混合してメイクアップガスを得る第1混合手段(二酸化炭素導入管20と水素導入管30の合流部)と、
前記メイクアップガスを昇圧する圧縮機2と、
前記昇圧されたメイクアップガスを、前記合成反応器の出口ガスから回収されたリサイクルガスと混合して合成反応器供給ガスを得る第2混合手段(ライン1とライン3の合流部)と、
前記合成反応器供給ガスを、前記合成反応器からの出口ガスを加熱源として熱交換することにより予熱する第1熱交換器5と、を備え、
前記合成反応器6内で前記予熱後の合成反応器供給ガスが触媒と接触してメタノールが合成される。
前記気相のパージガス排出後の残りの一部または全部が前記リサイクルガスとして回収されて前記メイクアップガスと前記第2混合手段(ライン1とライン3との合流部)により混合されてもよい。
前記パージガスを第1分離流と第2分離流とに分離するための分離設備15と、
前記第1分離流の一部を非回収ガスとして合成系外へ排出するための非回収ガス排出手段(ライン19)と、
前記第1分離流の残りの一部または全部を回収ガスとして回収して前記メイクアップガスと混合するための第3混合手段(ライン1とライン18との合流部)と、
前記第2分離流を合成系外へ排出するための第2分離流排出手段(ライン17)と、をさらに備えていてもよい。
本実施形態のメタノール製造方法および製造装置には、図4に示すような第1合成反応器6と第2合成反応器6’を直列に並べた装置を用いた多段反応による製造方法および製造装置102も包含される。多段反応は、第1合成反応器6からの出口ガスが熱交換機5により冷却され、分離器9で気液分離されたあと、熱交換器5’で予熱されて再度、第1合成反応器とは別の第2合成反応器6’へ供給される点以外は、上述した1つの合成反応器を用いたメタノール製造方法と同様である。なお、図4にはパージガスを分離するための分離設備は示されていないが、上述したメタノール製造方法と同様に、多段反応においてもパージガスを分離するための分離設備を設けてもよい。
メタノール合成に用いる触媒は、特公昭51-44715号広報の実施例1に記載の方法によって調製された触媒(メタノール合成触媒A)、特開平8-299796号広報の実施例1に記載の方法によって調製された触媒(メタノール合成触媒B)、国際公開第2011/048976号の実施例3に記載の方法によって調製された触媒(メタノール合成触媒C)、又は、特開平8-299796号広報の比較例4に記載の方法によって調製された触媒(メタノール合成触媒D)のいずれかとした。
実施例1では図1に示す製造装置を用いた。各条件は以下のとおりとした。原料ガスとしてCO2とH2を利用し、CO2とH2の流量を調節することでメイクアップガス1組成をH2/CO2=3.0に調整し、反応器入口圧力8.0MPaG、循環比2.7の条件でメタノール合成を行った。合成反応器6にはメタノール合成触媒Bを用いた。主圧縮機2によりメイクアップガス1を8.07MPaGまで昇圧した。昇圧したメイクアップガス1はリサイクルガス3と合流後、合成反応器供給ガス4となり、合成反応器6出口を流通する合成反応器出口ガス7と熱交換させることで合成反応器に供給されるガスが200℃になるように予熱した。合成反応器6はステンレス鋼からなる内管を有する熱交換型Tubular反応器を用いた。触媒層における流体の圧力は8.00~8.02MPaG、温度は200℃~234℃の間であった。触媒使用温度として非常に好ましい温度範囲であった。このとき、冷却材である加圧沸騰水の温度は227℃であった。
比較例1においても実施例1と同様に図1に示す製造装置を用いた。実施例1との相違点は原料であるメイクアップガス1の組成である。メタノール合成の原料として広く用いられている、天然ガスを水蒸気改質反応して得られる水蒸気改質ガスを想定し、その代表的な組成をメイクアップガス1の組成として用いた。メイクアップガス1のCOモル流量とCO2モル流量の和、すなわちメタノール生成に寄与する炭素原料は、実施例1と比較例1と比較例2で全て等しくした。また合成反応器6に導入する触媒量を調整することで、合成反応器の入口圧力、循環比、加圧沸騰水温度の主要運転条件を揃えた上で、合成炭素収率、すなわちメタノール生産量を実施例1と比較例1と比較例2で全て等しくした。
比較例2においても実施例1と同様に図1に示す製造装置を用いた。実施例1との相違点は原料であるメイクアップガス1の組成である。現在のメタノール合成の原料として広く用いられている、天然ガスを水蒸気改質反応したのちに部分酸化反応させて得られる二段改質ガスを想定し、その代表的な組成をメイクアップガス1の組成として用いた。
実施例2は実施例1と同様のプロセスであり、実施例3~6の比較対象とした。実施例2では図1に示す製造装置を用いた。各条件は以下のとおりとした。原料ガスとしてCO2とH2を利用し、CO2とH2の流量を調節することでメイクアップガス1組成をH2/CO2=3.0に調整し、実施例1と同じメイクアップガス1の組成、流量とした。反応器入口圧力8.0MPaG、循環比3.0の条件でメタノール合成を行った。合成反応器6にはメタノール合成触媒Bを用い、触媒活性は実施例1の0.8倍とした。主圧縮機2により8.07MPaGまで昇圧した。昇圧したメイクアップガス1はリサイクルガス3と合流後、合成反応器供給ガス4となり、合成反応器6出口を流通する合成反応器出口ガス7と熱交換させることで合成反応器に供給されるガスが200℃になるように予熱した。合成反応器6はステンレス鋼からなる内管を有する熱交換型Tubular反応器を用いた。触媒層における流体の圧力は8.00~8.02MPaG、温度は200℃~233℃の間であった。冷却材である加圧沸騰水の温度は227℃であった。
実施例3は図3に示す製造装置を用いた。実施例2のパージガス10を分離する分離設備15を設置することで、実施例2よりも合成炭素収率を改善した。実施例3では、分離設備としてスクラバーを設置した。スクラバーで散水することで、パージガス10中に存在していたメタノールが水とともに第2分離流17に回収され、精製工程に送られて製品となる。残りのガスは第2分離流16となり、非回収ガス19として系外に排出した。
実施例4においても図3に示す製造装置を用いた。実施例3の分離設備15のスクラバー後流にPSA-H2装置を設置することで、実施例1よりも合成水素収率を改善した。PSAを通過するパージガス10中に存在するH2が、回収率80%、回収後純度100%の状態で分離され、第1分離流16となった。第2分離流17には、スクラバー排水の他、パージガス10より炭素濃度が高濃度となったパージガス10の残ガスが存在した。
実施例5においては図3に示す製造装置を用いた。実施例2のパージガス10を分離する分離設備15としてデミスター、吸着剤、スクラバー、サイクロン、ベーン、フィルターなどパージガス10から不純物を除去する装置を設置することで、系内に存在する炭化水素やエステル等の有機物や塩素などの無機物や鉄錆などの固形物不純物を系外に放出し、系内の蓄積を防ぐことができる。第1分離流16には不純物が除去されたパージガスが存在し、一部または全量を回収ガス18として原料に回収し、残りの一部を非回収ガス19として合成系外に供給した。第2分離流17には不純物が存在し、合成系外に排出した。
実施例6においても図3に示す製造装置を用いた。ベントガス14の主成分はH2とCO2であるため、原料ガスとして再利用する。その分、原料に供給するH2とCO2が削減され、炭素収率や水素収率が改善される。また、合成系外に排出されるガスを燃焼処理した際のCO2排出量が削減される。
Claims (16)
- 二酸化炭素と水素を原料としてメタノールを製造する方法であって、
二酸化炭素と水素とを混合してメイクアップガスを得る工程(A)と、
前記メイクアップガスを昇圧した後、合成反応器の出口ガスから回収されたリサイクルガスと混合して合成反応器供給ガスを得る工程(B)と、
前記合成反応器供給ガスを、前記合成反応器からの出口ガスを加熱源として熱交換することにより予熱する工程(C)と、
前記予熱後の合成反応器供給ガスを合成反応器へ供給し、触媒と接触させることでメタノールを合成する工程(D)と、
を含む、メタノール製造方法。 - 前記出口ガスを、前記合成反応器供給ガスを冷却源として熱交換することにより冷却する工程(E)をさらに含む、請求項1記載のメタノール製造方法。
- 前記工程(E)において冷却された出口ガスを気液分離することで未反応ガスを含む気相を得る工程(F)をさらに含む、請求項2記載のメタノール製造方法。
- 前記工程(F)において得られた気相の少なくとも一部をパージガスとして合成系外へ排出し、残りの一部または全部を前記リサイクルガスとして回収して前記メイクアップガスと混合する工程(G)をさらに含む、請求項3記載のメタノール製造方法。
- 前記工程(F)において得られた気相の少なくとも一部をパージガスとして回収し、前記パージガスを第1分離流と第2分離流とに分離する工程(H)と、
前記第1分離流の一部を非回収ガスとして合成系外へ排出し、残りの一部または全部を回収ガスとして回収して前記メイクアップガスと混合する工程(I)と、
前記第2分離流を合成系外へ排出する工程(J)と、をさらに含む、請求項3記載のメタノール製造方法。 - 前記工程(E)において冷却された出口ガスを気液分離することで得られた液相を落圧する工程(K)と、
前記工程(K)における落圧時に発生したフラッシュガスをスクラバーに送る工程(L)と、
をさらに含む、請求項2又は3に記載のメタノール製造方法。 - 前記工程(L)において発生したスクラバーから発生したベントガスを原料として再利用する工程(M)をさらに含む、請求項6に記載のメタノール製造方法。
- 前記工程(M)において、ベントガスの圧力の高低によって、ベントガスをメイクアップガスと合流させるか、排気ガスや大気等からの二酸化炭素回収設備後流に合流させるか、を選択する、請求項7に記載のメタノール製造方法。
- 前記工程(L)において発生したスクラバーから発生したベントガスを前記パージガスに合流させる工程(N)をさらに含む、請求項6に記載のメタノール製造方法。
- 前記メイクアップガス中の二酸化炭素と水素の含有割合が、水素/二酸化炭素=2.5~4.0(体積比)である、請求項1又は2に記載のメタノール製造方法。
- 前記メイクアップガスのモル量流に対する前記リサイクルガスのモル流量の比である循環比が1.0~7.0である、請求項1又は2に記載のメタノール製造方法。
- 二酸化炭素と水素を原料としてメタノールを製造するためのメタノール製造装置であって、
合成反応器と、
二酸化炭素と水素とを混合してメイクアップガスを得る第1混合手段と、
前記メイクアップガスを昇圧する圧縮機と、
前記昇圧されたメイクアップガスを、前記合成反応器の出口ガスから回収されたリサイクルガスと混合して合成反応器供給ガスを得る第2混合手段と、
前記合成反応器供給ガスを、前記合成反応器からの出口ガスを加熱源として熱交換することにより予熱する第1熱交換器と、を備え、
前記合成反応器内で前記予熱後の合成反応器供給ガスが触媒と接触してメタノールが合成される、メタノール製造装置。 - 前記第1熱交換器により、前記出口ガスを、前記合成反応器供給ガスを冷却源として熱交換することにより冷却する、請求項12記載のメタノール製造装置。
- 前記冷却された出口ガスを気液分離することで未反応ガスを含む気相を得るための高圧分離器をさらに備える、請求項12又は13に記載のメタノール製造装置。
- 前記気相の少なくとも一部をパージガスとして合成系外へ排出するためのパージガス排出手段をさらに備え、
前記気相のパージガス排出後の残りの一部または全部が前記リサイクルガスとして回収されて前記メイクアップガスと前記第2混合手段により混合される、請求項12又は13に記載のメタノール製造装置。 - 前記気相の少なくとも一部をパージガスとして回収するためのパージガス回収手段と、
前記パージガスを第1分離流と第2分離流とに分離するための分離設備と、
前記第1分離流の一部を非回収ガスとして合成系外へ排出するための非回収ガス排出手段と、
前記第1分離流の残りの一部または全部を回収ガスとして回収して前記メイクアップガスと混合するための第3混合手段と、
前記第2分離流を合成系外へ排出するための第2分離流排出手段と、をさらに備える、請求項12又は13に記載のメタノール製造装置。
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| JP2020063193A (ja) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-23 | 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 | メタノールの製造方法 |
| WO2021186658A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | メタノール製造システム及びメタノール製造方法 |
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| GB201600475D0 (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-02-24 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Methanol process |
| JP2019527691A (ja) | 2016-07-26 | 2019-10-03 | ティッセンクルップ インダストリアル ソリューションズ アクツィエンゲゼルシャフトThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG | メタノールを製造するための方法およびシステム |
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| JP2695663B2 (ja) | 1989-08-07 | 1998-01-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | メタノール合成用触媒の製造方法 |
| JPH0680595A (ja) * | 1991-08-22 | 1994-03-22 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | メタノール製造装置 |
| JPH0635401A (ja) | 1992-07-16 | 1994-02-10 | Nec Home Electron Ltd | 地図表示装置 |
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| WO2017175760A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-07 | 2017-10-12 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | メタノール製造方法及びメタノール製造装置 |
| WO2019163968A1 (ja) | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-29 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 二酸化炭素還元システム、及び二酸化炭素還元方法 |
| JP2020063193A (ja) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-23 | 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 | メタノールの製造方法 |
| WO2021186658A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | メタノール製造システム及びメタノール製造方法 |
Also Published As
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| MX2024014749A (es) | 2025-01-09 |
| CN119095812A (zh) | 2024-12-06 |
| AU2023298259A1 (en) | 2024-09-12 |
| EP4549423A1 (en) | 2025-05-07 |
| US20250346548A1 (en) | 2025-11-13 |
| EP4549423A4 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
| JPWO2024004464A1 (ja) | 2024-01-04 |
| CA3246222A1 (en) | 2025-06-13 |
| TW202408979A (zh) | 2024-03-01 |
| CL2024003818A1 (es) | 2025-05-09 |
| KR20250026759A (ko) | 2025-02-25 |
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