WO2024095927A1 - 感光性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いた硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法及びポリイミド膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
感光性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いた硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法及びポリイミド膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
- C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/037—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
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- H10W20/01—
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- H10W20/48—
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a photosensitive resin composition, a method for producing a cured relief pattern using the same, and a method for producing a polyimide film.
- polyimide resins polybenzoxazole resins, phenolic resins, and the like, which combine excellent heat resistance and electrical and mechanical properties, have been used as insulating materials for electronic components, and passivation films, surface protective films, and interlayer insulating films for semiconductor devices.
- these resins those provided in the form of a photosensitive resin composition can easily form a heat-resistant relief pattern film by applying the composition, exposing it to light, developing it, and subjecting it to a thermal imidization treatment by curing it.
- Such photosensitive resin compositions have the characteristic of enabling a significant reduction in process times compared to conventional non-photosensitive materials.
- Copper is often used for the wiring of semiconductor devices, but in packaging structures with a large surface area, stress caused by differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of different materials can cause peeling between the copper and the interlayer insulating material, resulting in a deterioration in electrical properties, which is a particular problem. For this reason, materials used as interlayer insulating films are required to have high adhesion to copper.
- voids due to migration (hereinafter also referred to as “copper voids” in this disclosure) sometimes occurred at the interface between the rewired copper layer and the resin layer after the test.
- copper voids occur at the interface between the copper layer and the resin layer, the adhesion between the two is reduced.
- migration of copper into the resin layer (hereinafter also referred to as “copper migration” in this disclosure) can cause short circuits between the wiring, particularly in semiconductor devices with fine wiring, and the performance as an insulating film cannot be fully demonstrated. Therefore, a polyimide film that has little copper migration in a reliability test (b-HAST: Biased Hughly Accelerated Stress Test) under high temperature and high humidity and does not short circuit for a long time is desired.
- One of the objectives of the present disclosure is to provide a photosensitive resin composition that provides high copper adhesion, suppresses the occurrence of copper voids at the interface between the copper layer and the resin layer after a high temperature storage test, and exhibits little copper migration in a b-HAST test. Suppressing copper migration in a b-HAST test leads to the formation of a polyimide film that is less prone to short circuits over long periods of time.
- Another objective is to provide a method for forming a cured relief pattern using the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure, and a method for producing a polyimide film.
- the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group and the aryl group may or may not be independently substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, and an amino group.
- R2 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R3 is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- a photosensitive resin composition comprising a compound represented by the formula: [3] Ingredients below: (A) a polyimide precursor and/or a polyimide resin, (B) a tetrazole compound; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a solvent, The photosensitive resin composition according to the above (B), wherein the tetrazole compound has a polar surface area (tPSA) of 81 to 200.
- tPSA polar surface area
- the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group and the aryl group may or may not be independently substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, and an amino group.
- the (B) tetrazole compound comprises a compound represented by the following formula: [7] 7.
- [8] 8 The photosensitive resin composition according to item 7, wherein the content of the component (E) is 20 to 80 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the component (A).
- the photosensitive resin composition contains the polyimide precursor, and the polyimide precursor is represented by the following general formula (4):
- X1 is a tetravalent organic group
- Y1 is a divalent organic group
- n1 is an integer from 2 to 150
- R11 and R12 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the photosensitive resin composition contains the polyimide resin, and the polyimide resin is represented by the following general formula (4'): In formula (4'), X1 is a tetravalent organic group, Y1 is a divalent organic group, and n is an integer from 1 to 150. 9.
- at least one of R 11 and R 12 is represented by the following general formula (5):
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m 1 represents an integer of 2 to 10.
- Item 10 The photosensitive resin composition according to item 9, having a structural unit represented by the following formula: [11] Item 11.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to item 9 or 10 wherein X 1 in the general formula (4') is at least one selected from the structures represented by the following general formulas (6) to (14), or Y 1 in the general formula (4') is at least one selected from the structures represented by the following general formulas (15) to (23). [12] 12. The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of items 1 to 11, further comprising (F) a thermal crosslinking agent. [13] 13. The photosensitive resin composition according to any one of items 1 to 12, further comprising (K) an adhesive assistant.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of items 1 to 13, [15] The following steps: (1) A step of applying the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of items 1 to 14 onto a substrate to form a photosensitive resin layer on the substrate; (2) a step of exposing the photosensitive resin layer to light; (3) developing the exposed photosensitive resin layer to form a relief pattern; (4) A method for producing a cured relief pattern, comprising the step of heat-treating the relief pattern to form a cured relief pattern. [16] Item 16. The method for producing a cured relief pattern according to Item 15, wherein the heat treatment in step (4) is a heat treatment at 350° C. or lower. [17] Item 15. A cured film comprising a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of items 1 to 14. [18] Item 15. A method for producing a polyimide film, comprising curing the photosensitive resin composition according to any one of items 1 to 14.
- a photosensitive resin composition that has high copper adhesion, suppresses the occurrence of copper voids at the interface between the copper layer and the resin layer after a high-temperature storage test, and exhibits little copper migration in a b-HAST test. It is also possible to provide a method for producing a cured relief pattern using the photosensitive resin composition, and a method for producing a polyimide film.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure contains (A) a polyimide precursor and/or a polyimide resin, (B) a tetrazole compound, (C) a photopolymerization initiator, and (D) a solvent.
- Polyimide precursor is a resin component contained in the photosensitive resin composition, and is converted to polyimide by applying a heat cyclization treatment.
- Polyimide precursor is not limited in structure as long as it is a resin that can be used in the photosensitive resin composition, but it is preferable that it is not alkali-soluble. Since the polyimide precursor is not alkali-soluble, high chemical resistance can be obtained.
- the polyimide precursor is represented by the following general formula (4):
- X1 is a tetravalent organic group
- Y1 is a divalent organic group
- n1 is an integer from 2 to 150
- R11 and R12 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 11 and R 12 is represented by the following general formula (5):
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m 1 represents an integer of 2 to 10.
- the ratio of R 11 and R 12 in general formula (4) being hydrogen atoms is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and even more preferably 1% or less, based on the total number of moles of R 11 and R 12.
- the ratio of R 11 and R 12 in general formula (4) being monovalent organic groups represented by the above general formula (5) is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more, based on the total number of moles of R 11 and R 12. It is preferable that the ratio of hydrogen atoms and the ratio of organic groups of general formula (5) are in the above ranges from the viewpoint of photosensitive properties and storage stability.
- n1 is not limited as long as it is an integer from 2 to 150. From the viewpoint of the photosensitive properties and mechanical properties of the photosensitive resin composition, an integer from 3 to 100 is preferable, and an integer from 5 to 70 is more preferable.
- the tetravalent organic group represented by X1 is preferably an organic group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive properties, and more preferably an aromatic group in which the -COOR11 group and the -COOR12 group are at the ortho position relative to the -CONH- group, or an alicyclic aliphatic group.
- tetravalent organic group represented by X1 include organic groups having 6 to 40 carbon atoms containing an aromatic ring, such as the following general formula (24): ⁇ wherein R6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a C1-C10 monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a C1-C10 monovalent fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group, l is an integer selected from 0 to 2, m is an integer selected from 0 to 3, and n is an integer selected from 0 to 4. ⁇ , but is not limited thereto.
- the structure of X 1 may be one type or a combination of two or more types.
- the X 1 group having the structure represented by the above formula (24) is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive properties.
- the divalent organic group represented by Y1 is preferably an aromatic group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive properties, and is, for example, a group represented by the following formula (25): ⁇ wherein R6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a C1-C10 monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a C1-C10 monovalent fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group, and n is an integer selected from 0 to 4. ⁇ , but is not limited thereto.
- the structure of Y1 may be one type or a combination of two or more types.
- the Y1 group having the structure represented by the above formula (25) is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive properties.
- the monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms for L 1 , L 2 and L 3 in the above general formula (5) is, for example, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group.
- L 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- L 2 and L 3 are preferably hydrogen atoms from the viewpoint of photosensitive properties.
- m1 is an integer of 2 to 10, preferably an integer of 2 to 4, from the viewpoint of photosensitive properties.
- the polyimide precursor (A) is represented by the following general formula (26): ⁇ wherein R 11 , R 12 and n 1 are as defined above. ⁇ It is preferable that the polyimide precursor has a structural unit represented by the following formula:
- R 11 and R 12 are more preferably a monovalent organic group represented by the above general formula (5).
- the polyimide precursor (A) contains a polyimide precursor represented by general formula (6), the chemical resistance is particularly improved.
- the polyimide precursor (A) is represented by the following general formula (27): ⁇ wherein R 11 , R 12 and n 1 are as defined above. ⁇ From the viewpoint of thermal properties, it is preferable that the polyimide precursor has a structural unit represented by the following formula:
- R 11 and R 12 are more preferably a monovalent organic group represented by formula (5) above.
- the polyimide precursor (A) tends to have particularly high resolution when it contains both the structural unit represented by the general formula (26) and the structural unit represented by the general formula (27).
- the polyimide precursor (A) may contain a copolymer of the structural unit represented by the general formula (26) and the structural unit represented by the general formula (27), or may be a mixture of the polyimide precursor represented by the general formula (26) and the polyimide precursor represented by the general formula (27).
- the polyimide precursor (A) is represented by the following general formula (28): ⁇ wherein R 11 , R 12 and n 1 are as defined above. ⁇ It is preferable that the polyimide precursor has a structural unit represented by the following formula:
- the polyimide precursor (A) is represented by the following general formula (29): ⁇ wherein R 11 , R 12 and n 1 are as defined above. ⁇ It is preferable that the polyimide precursor (A) contains a polyimide precursor represented by general formula (29), and thereby the chemical resistance is particularly increased.
- the polyimide precursor (A) is preferably contained in an amount of 10% by mass to 70% by mass, more preferably 20% by mass to 65% by mass, based on the total mass of the photosensitive resin composition including the solvent.
- polyimide precursor is obtained by first reacting the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing the tetravalent organic group X1 with an alcohol having a photopolymerizable unsaturated double bond and, optionally, an alcohol having no unsaturated double bond to prepare a partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid (hereinafter, also referred to as an acid/ester body), and then subjecting the partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid and the above-mentioned diamine containing the divalent organic group Y1 to amide polycondensation.
- a partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid hereinafter, also referred to as an acid/ester body
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides containing a tetravalent organic group X1 that are suitably used for preparing a polyimide precursor include tetracarboxylic dianhydrides represented by the above general formula (24), as well as, for example, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, biphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), diphenylsulfone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenylmethane-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis(3,4-phthalic anhydride)propane, and 2,2-bis(3,4-phthalic an
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), and biphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- PMDA pyromellitic dianhydride
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride
- BPDA biphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- Examples of alcohols having a photopolymerizable unsaturated double bond that are preferably used to prepare a polyimide precursor include 2-acryloyloxyethyl alcohol, 1-acryloyloxy-3-propyl alcohol, 2-acrylamidoethyl alcohol, methylol vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-t-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-cyanopropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl ...
- Examples of the cyclohexyloxypropyl acrylate include 2-methacryloyloxyethyl alcohol, 1-methacryloyloxy-3-propyl alcohol, 2-methacrylamidoethyl alcohol, methylol vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-t-butoxypropyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxy-3-cyclohexyloxypropyl methacrylate.
- the above-mentioned photopolymerizable alcohols having an unsaturated double bond can also be mixed with alcohols not having an unsaturated double bond, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 1-nonanol, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and benzyl alcohol.
- alcohols not having an unsaturated double bond such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n
- a non-photosensitive polyimide precursor prepared only from alcohols not having an unsaturated double bond may be used by mixing with a photosensitive polyimide precursor.
- the amount of the non-photosensitive polyimide precursor is preferably 200 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the photosensitive polyimide precursor.
- the acid/ester (typically a solution in a solvent described below) is mixed with an appropriate dehydration condensation agent, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 1,1-carbonyldioxy-di-1,2,3-benzotriazole, or N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate, under ice cooling to convert the acid/ester into a polyacid anhydride, and then a diamine containing a divalent organic group Y1 dissolved or dispersed in a separate solvent is added dropwise to the mixture to carry out amide polycondensation, thereby obtaining the desired polyimide precursor.
- an appropriate dehydration condensation agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 1,1-carbonyldioxy-di-1,2,3-benzotriazole, or
- the acid moiety of the acid/ester is converted into an acid chloride using thionyl chloride or the like, and then the mixture is reacted with a diamine compound in the presence of a base such as pyridine to obtain the desired polyimide precursor.
- Diamines containing a divalent organic group Y1 include diamines having a structure represented by the above general formula (21), as well as, for example, p-phenylenediamine (1,4-phenylenediamine (pPD)), m-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,4'-diaminobipheny
- diamine examples include, but are not limited to, 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (m-TB), and 1,4-phenylenediamine (pPD). These diamines may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ODA 4,4'-oxydianiline
- m-TB 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine
- pPD 1,4-phenylenediamine
- the water-absorbing by-product of the dehydrating condensation agent coexisting in the reaction solution is filtered off as necessary, and then a poor solvent such as water, aliphatic lower alcohol, or a mixture thereof is added to the resulting polymer component to precipitate the polymer component.
- the polymer is purified by repeating redissolution and reprecipitation operations, and is vacuum dried to isolate the desired polyimide precursor.
- the polymer solution may be passed through a column packed with anion and/or cation exchange resin swollen with an appropriate organic solvent to remove ionic impurities.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor (A) is preferably 8,000 to 150,000, more preferably 9,000 to 50,000, when measured by gel permeation chromatography using a weight average molecular weight converted into polystyrene.
- the weight average molecular weight is 8,000 or more, the mechanical properties are good, and when it is 150,000 or less, the dispersibility in the developer is good, and the resolution performance of the relief pattern is good. Tetrahydrofuran and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are recommended as the developing solvent for gel permeation chromatography.
- the weight average molecular weight is determined from a calibration curve created using standard monodisperse polystyrene. It is recommended that the standard monodisperse polystyrene be selected from Showa Denko's organic solvent-based standard sample STANDARD SM-105.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure may contain (A) a polyimide resin in addition to or instead of the (A) polyimide precursor.
- Polyimide resin does not generate resin-derived detached components, so it is possible to suppress the cure shrinkage of the photosensitive resin composition. Therefore, compared to polyimide precursors, it is possible to obtain a photosensitive resin composition that has a higher cure residual film rate and improved flatness after curing.
- the polyimide resin may have a polymerizable group in the side chain, but from the viewpoint of the elongation and storage stability of the cured film, it is preferable that the polyimide resin does not have a polymerizable group in the side chain. It is preferable that the polyimide resin does not substantially contain a polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester structure. In this disclosure, “substantially does not contain” means, for example, that the imidization rate of the polyimide resin is 90% or more, preferably 95% or more.
- the imidization rate of a polyimide resin can be measured by a known method, but in the present disclosure, it is calculated by the following method. First, the infrared absorption spectrum of the polyimide resin is measured to confirm the presence of absorption peaks of the imide structure (near 1780 cm -1 and 1377 cm -1 ). Next, the polyimide resin is heat-treated at 350°C for 1 hour, the infrared absorption spectrum after the heat treatment is measured, and the imidization rate of the polyimide resin is calculated by comparing the peak intensity near 1377 cm -1 with the peak intensity before the heat treatment.
- the polyimide resin (A) contains a structure represented by general formula (4'), which is also a structure suitable for a solvent-developable photosensitive resin composition.
- formula (4') X1 is a tetravalent organic group, Y1 is a divalent organic group, and n is an integer from 1 to 150.
- X1 is a tetravalent organic group, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a structure derived from a known tetracarboxylic dianhydride. From the viewpoints of high copper adhesion of the cured film, suppression of copper voids after a high-temperature storage test, suppression of copper migration in a b-HAST test, excellent elongation and chemical resistance, and solubility in a solvent described below, it is preferable that X1 has at least one structure represented by the following formulas (6) to (14).
- X 1 preferably has at least one or more structures represented by formulas (6) to (13) from the viewpoints of suppressing copper voids after a high-temperature storage test of a cured film obtained from the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure, suppressing copper migration in a b-HAST test, elongation, and chemical resistance. Furthermore, in terms of the heat resistance of a cured film obtained from the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure, it is even more preferable that X 1 has at least one or more structures represented by formulas (6) to (8) and (10) to (13). In addition, since the coating film uniformity and the elongation of the cured film of the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure are particularly excellent, it is particularly preferable that X 1 has at least one or more structures represented by formulas (6) and (11) to (13).
- Y 1 in formula (4') is a divalent organic group, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a structure derived from a known diamine. From the viewpoints of high copper adhesion of the cured film, suppression of copper voids after a high temperature storage test, suppression of copper migration in a b-HAST test, excellent elongation, chemical resistance, and solubility in a solvent, it is preferable that Y 1 has at least one structure represented by the following formulas (15) to (23).
- Y 1 preferably has at least one or more structures represented by formulas (15) to (21) from the viewpoints of suppression of copper voids after high-temperature storage test of the cured film obtained from the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure, suppression of copper migration in the b-HAST test, elongation and chemical resistance.
- Y 1 more preferably has at least one or more structures represented by formulas (15) to (20) from the viewpoint of mechanical properties of the cured film obtained from the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure.
- Y 1 is particularly preferably has at least one or more structures represented by formulas (17) to (20) since the coating film uniformity and the elongation of the cured film of the negative photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure are particularly excellent. The reason why the structures represented by formulas (17) to (20) have excellent solubility in solvents is because these structures have a pendant phenyl structure.
- n is an integer from 2 to 150, preferably an integer from 3 to 100, and more preferably an integer from 5 to 70. It is preferable that n is an integer that satisfies the weight average molecular weight of the polyimide resin (A) described below.
- an end of the polyimide resin (A), preferably an end of the main chain of the polyimide resin (A), has at least one structure selected from the group consisting of an acid anhydride group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and the following general formulae (30) to (32):
- ⁇ In formula (30) R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 3 is an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a heteroatom, and k is an integer of 1 to 2.
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and * indicates a bonding site with an end of the polyimide resin (A). ⁇
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Also, * represents a bonding site with an end of the polyimide resin (A).
- R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and j represents an integer of 2 to 10.
- * represents a bonding site with an end of the polyimide resin (A).
- the acid anhydride group is derived from the raw material tetracarboxylic acid anhydride
- the carboxyl group is a ring-opened version of the acid anhydride group
- the amino group is derived from the raw material diamine.
- More specific examples of the (A) polyimide resin having a terminal structure represented by general formula (30) include structures represented by the following formulas (33) to (36). (In the formula, * indicates the bonding site with the end of the polyimide resin (A).)
- More specific examples of the structure represented by the general formula (31) include structures represented by the following formulae (37) and (38). (In the formula, * indicates the bonding site with the end of the polyimide resin (A).)
- More specific examples of the structure represented by the general formula (32) include structures represented by the following formulae (39) to (42). (In the formula, * indicates the bonding site with the end of the polyimide resin (A).)
- X 1 in general formula (4') is any of the structures represented by general formulas (6) to (14) and Y 1 is any of the structures represented by general formulas (15) to (23).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the (A) polyimide resin is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range in which it can be dissolved in a solvent. From the viewpoint of the film properties of the cured film and copper adhesion, the weight average molecular weight of the (A) polyimide resin is preferably 5,000 or more and 100,000 or less. From the viewpoint of mechanical properties, the lower limit of the weight average molecular weight of the (A) polyimide resin is more preferably 6,000 or more, and even more preferably 8,000 or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent and flatness during coating, the upper limit of the weight average molecular weight of the (A) polyimide resin is more preferably 50,000 or less, and particularly preferably 30,000 or less.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the polyimide resin (A) is preferably 1.0 or more and 2.0 or less. From the viewpoint of production efficiency, the lower limit of the molecular weight distribution of the polyimide resin (A) is more preferably 1.15 or more, and even more preferably 1.25 or more. From the viewpoint of resolution, the upper limit of the molecular weight distribution of the polyimide resin (A) is more preferably 1.8 or less, and even more preferably 1.6 or less.
- the (A) polyimide resin is preferably contained in an amount of 10% by mass to 70% by mass, and more preferably 20% by mass to 65% by mass, based on the total mass of the photosensitive resin composition including the solvent.
- A Method for preparing polyimide resin
- Polyimide resin is obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a diamine to obtain a polyamic acid, and then subjecting the polyamic acid to dehydration ring closure to imidization.
- the method for dehydrating and ring-closing polyamic acid is not limited, but examples include the thermal imidization method in which polyamic acid is heated at high temperatures to dehydrate and ring-close, and the chemical imidization method in which acetic anhydride and a tertiary amine, which are dehydrating and reducing agents, are added to dehydrate and ring-close polyamic acid.
- the temperature in the thermal imidization method is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of promoting the ring-closing reaction, the lower limit is preferably 150°C or higher, and more preferably 160°C or higher. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of suppressing side reactions, the upper limit is preferably 200°C or lower, and more preferably 180°C.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is not particularly limited, but specific examples include pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA), 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), 3,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride, 4,4'-biphthalic dianhydride (BPDA), 3,4'-biphthalic dianhydride, 4,4'-(4,4'-isopropylidenediphenoxy)diphthalic anhydride (BPADA), 9,9-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydride (B PAF), norbornane-2-spiro- ⁇ -cyclopentanone- ⁇ '-spiro-2"-norbornane-5,5",6,6"-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CpODA), bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCD), 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane
- preferred tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCD), 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA), and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic dianhydride (6FDA).
- BCD bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- CBDA 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- 6FDA 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic dianhydride
- Diamines are not particularly limited, but specific examples include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (DADPE), 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (APB), 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (TPE-Q), 2-phenoxybenzene-1,4-diamine (PND), 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), 6-(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl-3-amine (PDPE), 3,3'-diphenyl
- diamines include phenyl-4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl (APBP-DP), 2,2-bis[3-phenyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane (DAOPPA), 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB
- the (A) polyimide resin is a polyimide resin obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a diamine to obtain a polyamic acid, which is then subjected to dehydration ring closure to be imidized.
- the acid anhydride groups, carboxyl groups, and amino groups at the terminals of the (A) polyimide resin may be reacted with a specific compound to give the terminals a structure represented by the above general formulas (30) to (32).
- the polyimide resin (A) whose terminal has a structure represented by general formula (30) can be obtained, for example, by reacting the amino group at the polyimide terminal with an isocyanate compound.
- isocyanate compounds include 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate (2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate: MOI), 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate, 1,1-(bisacryloyloxymethyl)ethyl isocyanate, and 2-(2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy)ethyl isocyanate.
- the polyimide resin (A) whose terminal has a structure represented by general formula (31) can be obtained, for example, by reacting the amino group at the polyimide terminal with a chloride compound.
- the chloride compound include acryloyl chloride and methacryloyl chloride.
- the polyimide resin (A) whose terminals have a structure represented by general formula (32) can be obtained, for example, by reacting the acid anhydride groups and carboxyl groups at the polyimide terminals with an alcohol-based compound.
- alcohol-based compounds include 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate: HEMA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 4-hydroxyethyl acrylate.
- the acid anhydride groups and carboxyl groups of the dehydrated ring-closed polyimide can be reacted with the alcohol-based compound using a condensing agent such as N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or an esterification catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- a condensing agent such as N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or an esterification catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- reaction solvent In the production of polyimide resin, a reaction solvent may be used to efficiently carry out the reaction in a homogeneous system. There are no particular limitations on the reaction solvent, so long as it can uniformly dissolve or suspend the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diamine, and compound having a polymerizable functional group at the end.
- reaction solvents include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetoacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N,N-dimethylacetamide.
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- dimethyl sulfoxide N,N-dimethylacetoacetamide
- 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
- 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
- N,N-dimethylformamide N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- an azeotropic solvent may be used to promote the imidization reaction.
- the azeotropic solvent include toluene, ethyl acetate, N-dicyclohexylpyrrolidone, orthodichlorobenzene, xylene, and benzene.
- the polyimide resin (A) may be purified by a method described in Patent Document 2 (JP Patent Publication 2012-194520 A) or the like.
- purification methods include a method in which the polyimide resin (A) solution is dropped into water and reprecipitation is performed to remove unreacted materials, a method in which the condensing agent that is insoluble in the reaction solvent is removed by filtration, and a method in which the catalyst is removed by an ion exchange resin.
- the polyimide resin (A) may be dried by a known method and isolated in a powder state.
- the (B) tetrazole compound has a pKa of 1.3 to 4.1, is represented by the formula (1) or (2) described below, or has a polar surface area (tPSA) of 81 or more and 200 or less, and has one or a combination of a plurality of these characteristics.
- tPSA polar surface area
- the tetrazole compound (B) has an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 1.3 or more and 4.1 or less. From the viewpoint of adhesion to copper and copper migration, the pKa is preferably 2.0 or more and 3.6 or less.
- pKa acid dissociation constant
- the reason why the above effect is achieved by using such a tetrazole compound (B) is not clear and is not limited to theory, but the inventors believe it as follows. That is, it is considered that the tetrazole compound exerts its effect by coordinating with the copper of the base material, and in this case, it is presumed that if the pKa of the tetrazole compound is 4.1 or less, the interaction with the resin is strengthened and copper adhesion is improved.
- the pKa of the tetrazole compound is 1.3 or more, the interaction is not too strong and copper migration can be suppressed. Therefore, it is presumed that the tetrazole compound has a moderate acidity, and therefore it is possible to achieve both adhesion to copper and copper migration.
- the pKa a value calculated by Advanced Chemistry Software V11.02 (1994-2018 ACD/Labs) was used.
- Examples of (B) tetrazole compounds having an acid dissociation constant (pKa) of 1.3 or more and 4.1 or less include, but are not limited to, 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid, 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, ethyl 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate, methyl 1H-tetrazole-5-acetate, 1H-tetrazole-5-propionic acid, 2-[4-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]acetic acid, 2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)butanedioic acid, 2,2-bis(2-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl)propanedioic acid, and 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid.
- pKa acid dissociation constant
- 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, and 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid are preferred, and 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid is even more preferred.
- these compounds When these compounds are added to the resin composition, they may be in the form of a hydrate.
- the tetrazole compound (B) is represented by the following formula (1) or (2).
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group and the aryl group may or may not be independently substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, and an amino group.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 3 is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group, aryl group, and alkylene group may or may not be independently substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, and an amino group.
- the tetrazole compound contains a compound represented by the above formula (1) or (2), and thus excellent copper adhesion, copper migration suppression effect, and copper void suppression effect can be obtained.
- the reason is unclear and not bound by theory, but it is believed that the unshared electron pair associated with the nitrogen atom in the tetrazole acts on copper and is unevenly distributed at the copper interface, and the constituent atoms of the carboxylic acid and ester can form hydrogen bonds with the polyimide precursor, so that the resin interacts with copper to improve the copper adhesion.
- the uneven distribution of the tetrazole compound at the copper interface strongly suppresses the oxidation reaction at the copper interface, thereby suppressing copper migration and copper voids.
- R 3 in general formula (2) has 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- the molecule has a higher boiling point than the compound of general formula (1), so it is less likely to volatilize during pre-baking when coating the substrate, and can remain in the film, and furthermore, it is more likely to move in the film and be unevenly distributed at the interface, so that it is more effective in copper adhesion and copper void suppression.
- the tetrazole compound (B) contains a compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group and the aryl group may or may not be independently substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, and an amino group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms of R 1 , R 2 and R 4 in the general formulas (1) to (3) may be branched or linear.
- the alkyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group.
- the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms of R 1 , R 2 and R 4 in the general formulas (1) to (3) may be, for example, a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms of R 3 in the general formula (3) may be branched or linear.
- the alkylene group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as a methylene group, an ethylene group and a propylene group.
- the hydrogen atoms of these organic groups may be independently substituted or unsubstituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group and an amino group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the organic group does not include the number of carbon atoms of the alkoxysilyl group when the alkoxysilyl group is present.
- halogen atoms include chlorine atoms, fluorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms.
- alkoxysilyl groups include trialkoxysilyl groups, dialkoxysilyl groups, and monoalkoxysilyl groups, and specific examples include trimethoxysilyl groups, triethoxysilyl groups, dimethoxysilyl groups, and methoxysilyl groups.
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom is more preferable in terms of copper adhesion, copper voids, and copper migration.
- tetrazole compounds (B) represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) include, but are not limited to, 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid, ⁇ , ⁇ -difluoro-2H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, ⁇ -hydroxy-2H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, ⁇ -amino-2H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, methyl 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate, ethyl 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate, 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, methyl 1H-tetrazole-5-acetate, ethyl 1H-tetrazole-5-acetate, and propyl 1H-tetrazole-5-acetate.
- 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate, 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, and ethyl 1H-tetrazole-5-acetate are preferred, and 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid is more preferred.
- these compounds when added to the resin composition, they may be in the form of a hydrate.
- the tetrazole compound (B) has a topological polar surface area (tPSA) of 81 to 200.
- the topological polar surface area (tPSA) is the area of the polarized portion of the surface of a molecule, and is an index mainly used in medicinal chemistry to evaluate the cell membrane permeability of drugs.
- the tetrazole compound has a moderate polarity of 81 to 200, and as described in the pKa section, the interaction with the resin when coordinated to copper is moderate, and both copper adhesion and copper migration suppression can be achieved.
- the tPSA is 200 or less, the molecular weight is small, so the dispersibility of the tetrazole compound in the photosensitive resin composition is good, and it is believed that the copper adhesion and copper migration suppression effects are exerted.
- tPSA was calculated using software called "RDKit.”
- RDKit is an open source Python library used in the field of cheminformatics. Details of “RDKit” are described, for example, in “G. Landrum, RDKit: Open-Source Cheminformatics (http://www.rdkit.org.).” The following program was used in the calculation of tPSA in this disclosure. Python 3.8.8 RDkit 2023.03.3
- Examples of (B) tetrazole compounds having a tPSA of 81 or more and 200 or less include, but are not limited to, 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid, 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, 1H-tetrazole-5-propionic acid, 2-[4-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]acetic acid, 2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)butanedioic acid, 2,2-bis(2-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl)propanedioic acid, 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid, and 1H-tetrazole-5-butanoic acid.
- 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid, and 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid are preferred, and 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid is more preferred.
- these compounds When these compounds are added to the resin composition, they may be in the form of a hydrate.
- the amount of the tetrazole compound (B) is preferably 0.001 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor or polyimide resin (A).
- the amount is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more to achieve sufficient effects in terms of copper adhesion and copper migration inhibition, and is preferably 10 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, in terms of copper adhesion, copper migration inhibition, and solubility in the composition.
- the reason is unclear and is not limited by theory, but it is presumed that the copper adhesion is good because a weak layer is unlikely to occur between the copper layer and the resin layer, and the ionic components in the resin layer do not increase more than necessary, resulting in good copper migration.
- the (C) photopolymerization initiator will be described.
- the photopolymerization initiator is preferably a photoradical polymerization initiator, and examples of the photopolymerization initiator include benzophenone, o-benzoyl methyl benzoate, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenyl ketone, dibenzyl ketone, fluorenone and other benzophenone derivatives, 2,2'-diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and other acetophenone derivatives, thioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, diethylthioxanthone and other thioxanthone derivatives, benzyl derivatives, benzil, benzil dimethyl ketal, benzyl- ⁇ -methoxyethyl acetal and other
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator (C) is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor or polyimide resin (A).
- the amount is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more from the viewpoint of photosensitivity or patterning property, and 20 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of the physical properties of the photosensitive resin layer after curing of the photosensitive resin composition.
- (D) Solvent The (D) solvent will be explained.
- the solvent include amides, sulfoxides, ureas, ketones, esters, lactones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, and alcohols.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl oxalate, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, butyl lactate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, benzyl alcohol, phenyl glycol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, morpholine, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dichloro
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzyl alcohol, phenyl glycol, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are preferred.
- those that completely dissolve the polyimide precursor are particularly preferred, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, etc.
- ⁇ -butyrolactone and 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide are preferred from the viewpoint of in-plane uniformity when the photosensitive resin composition is applied onto a substrate.
- the solvent may be one type, or two or more types may be mixed together, but from the viewpoint of appropriately adjusting the stability of the resin composition, it is preferable to use two or more types.
- two or more types of solvents are used, from the viewpoint of in-plane uniformity, it is preferable that 50% by weight or more of the solvent is either ⁇ -butyrolactone or 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and it is even more preferable that it is ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- the amount of the solvent used is preferably 100 to 1,000 parts by mass, more preferably 120 to 700 parts by mass, and even more preferably 125 to 500 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of (A) the polyimide precursor or polyimide resin.
- the photosensitive resin composition may further contain (E) a radical polymerizable compound.
- (E) a radical polymerizable compound When (E) a radical polymerizable compound is used, crosslinking of the photosensitive resin composition proceeds, and the moisture permeability of the cured film is reduced, thereby obtaining a copper migration suppression effect.
- the photosensitive resin composition preferably contains 5 parts by mass or more and 150 parts by mass or less of the radical polymerizable compound per 100 parts by mass of (A) polyimide precursor or polyimide resin. In order to obtain good chemical resistance, the photosensitive resin composition preferably contains 5 parts by mass or more of the radical polymerizable compound, more preferably contains 10 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably contains 20 parts by mass or more.
- the upper limit value which can be arbitrarily combined with the above lower limit value, is preferably 150 parts by mass or less, more preferably 100 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 80 parts by mass or less, from the viewpoint of patterning properties.
- the radical polymerizable compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that undergoes a radical polymerization reaction with a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator.
- a (meth)acrylic compound is preferable, and examples of the radical polymerizable compound include those represented by the following general formula (43): ⁇ In formula (43), X 11 is an organic group, L 11 , L 12 and L 13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n 11 is an integer of 1 to 10. ⁇
- the radical polymerizable compound is particularly, but not limited to, mono- or di-acrylates and methacrylates of ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, such as diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate; mono- or di-acrylates and methacrylates of propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol; mono-, di- or tri-acrylates and methacrylates of glycerol; cyclohexane diacrylate and dimethacrylate; diacrylates and dimethacrylates of 1,4-butanediol; and diacrylates and dimethacrylates of 1,6-hexanediol.
- radical polymerizable compound when it has one radical polymerizable group, it is referred to as monofunctional, and when it has two or more radical polymerizable groups, it is referred to as x-functional group according to the number x of radical polymerizable groups, but bifunctional or more may be collectively referred to as polyfunctional.
- the radical polymerizable compound may be monofunctional or bifunctional or more. From the viewpoint of chemical resistance, the radical polymerizable compound is preferably trifunctional or more, more preferably tetrafunctional or more, and even more preferably hexafunctional or more. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of breaking elongation, it is preferable that the radical polymerizable compound is ten-functional or less.
- the molecular weight of the radically polymerizable compound is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 200 or more, and even more preferably 300 or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 1000 or less, and even more preferably 800 or less.
- At least one of the radical polymerizable compounds is a radical polymerizable compound having at least one hydroxyl group or urea group.
- the radical polymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group in the molecule may be represented by the following general formula (46):
- Examples of the structure include those represented by the following formula (46): ⁇ In formula (46), X 11 is an organic group, and L 11 , L 12 and L 13 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. n 11 is an integer from 1 to 10, and n 12 is an integer from 1 to 10. ⁇ .
- L 11 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- L 12 and L 13 are hydrogen atoms, from the viewpoint of radical reactivity.
- hydroxyl group examples include, but are not limited to, compounds represented by the formula: embedded image Having a hydroxyl group in the molecular structure provides particularly good chemical resistance.
- the number of hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure is preferably one or more, more preferably two or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 6 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
- the radical polymerizable compound having a urea group in the molecule is represented by the following general formula (48):
- X 20 , X 21 , X 22 , and X 23 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent organic group having a group represented by the following general formula (49), or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a heteroatom, and at least one of X 20 , X 21 , X 22 , and X 23 is a monovalent organic group having a group represented by the following general formula (49).
- L 11 , L 12 and L 13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. ⁇ In the above formula (49), it is preferable that L 11 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and L 12 and L 13 represent hydrogen atoms from the viewpoint of radical reactivity.
- Heteroatoms include oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, phosphorus atoms, and sulfur atoms.
- X 20 , X 21 , X 22 , and X 23 are monovalent organic groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may contain a heteroatom, it is more preferable that they contain an oxygen atom from the viewpoint of developability.
- the number of carbon atoms is not limited as long as it is 1 to 20, but from the viewpoint of heat resistance, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 3 to 10.
- X 20 , X 21 , X 22 , and X 23 may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, but from the viewpoint of chemical resistance, it is preferable that they do not have a cyclic structure.
- the radical polymerizable compound preferably has at least one hydroxyl group and at least one urea group in the molecule.
- the radical polymerizable compound having at least one hydroxyl group and at least one urea group in the molecule is, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (50):
- X 30 , X 31 , X 32 , and X 33 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent organic group having a group represented by the following general formula (51), or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may contain a heteroatom
- at least one of X 30 , X 31 , X 32 , and X 33 is a monovalent organic group having a group represented by the following general formula (51), and at least one is a hydroxyl group.
- L 11 , L 12 and L 13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. ⁇ In the above formula (51), it is preferable that L 11 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and L 12 and L 13 represent a hydrogen atom from the viewpoint of radical reactivity.
- X 30 , X 31 , X 32 , and X 33 are monovalent organic groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may contain a heteroatom, it is more preferable that they contain an oxygen atom from the viewpoint of developability.
- the number of carbon atoms is not limited as long as it is 1 to 20, but from the viewpoint of heat resistance, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 3 to 10.
- X 30 , X 31 , X 32 , and X 33 in formula (51) may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, but from the viewpoint of chemical resistance, it is preferable that they do not have a cyclic structure.
- X 30 , X 31 , X 32 , and X 33 are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, the degree of freedom of the bond angle of the urea group is lost, making it difficult to form a strong hydrogen bond.
- X 30 , X 31 , X 32 and X 33 each have 2 or less hydrogen atoms. Examples of the compound are those represented by the following formula:
- the method for producing a radically polymerizable compound having a urea group is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound having a radically polymerizable group with an amine-containing compound.
- the amine-containing compound contains a functional group such as a hydroxyl group that can react with isocyanate
- a part of the isocyanate compound may contain a compound that has reacted with the functional group such as a hydroxyl group.
- One type of radical polymerizable compound may be used alone, but it is preferable to use two or more types in combination. Using two or more types in combination improves chemical resistance and in-plane uniformity. The reason why in-plane uniformity improves is only speculative, but it is thought that when a large amount of only one type of radical polymerizable compound is added, microphase separation occurs with the polyimide precursor component in the varnish. For the above reasons, when a radical polymerizable compound is used alone, it is preferable that the amount is 60 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 40 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of polyimide precursor.
- the number of types is six or less, and more preferably four or less.
- At least one of the multiple radical polymerizable compounds has a different number of functional groups.
- three or more radical polymerizable compounds it is sufficient that at least one of them has a different number of functional groups, but it is preferable that all of the radical polymerizable compounds have different numbers of functional groups.
- multiple radical polymerizable compounds it is preferable to include at least one monofunctional radical polymerizable compound from the viewpoint of breaking elongation.
- radical polymerizable compounds When two or more kinds of radical polymerizable compounds are used in combination, it is preferable to use at least one nitrogen atom-containing radical polymerizable compound and one non-nitrogen atom-containing radical polymerizable compound.
- the nitrogen atom-containing radical polymerizable compound is preferably a urea group-containing radical polymerizable compound. Nitrogen atom-containing radical polymerizable compounds are capable of forming strong hydrogen bonds and therefore have excellent chemical resistance, but when multiple nitrogen atom-containing radical polymerizable compounds are added, a complex hydrogen bond network is formed, resulting in insufficient solubility.
- the photosensitive resin composition may further contain components other than the above components (A) to (E).
- the components other than the components (A) to (E) include, but are not limited to, (F) a thermal crosslinking agent, (G) a heterocyclic compound, (H) a thermal base generator, (I) a hindered phenol compound, (J) an organic titanium compound, (K) an adhesion aid, (L) a sensitizer, (M) a polymerization inhibitor, etc.
- the photosensitive resin composition may optionally contain a thermal crosslinking agent.
- the thermal crosslinking agent means a compound that undergoes an addition reaction or a condensation polymerization reaction due to heat. These reactions occur in combinations of (A) polyimide resin and (F) thermal crosslinking agent, (F) thermal crosslinking agents with each other, and (F) thermal crosslinking agent and other components described below, and the reaction temperature is preferably 150°C or higher.
- thermal crosslinking agents examples include alkoxymethyl compounds, epoxy compounds, oxetane compounds, bismaleimide compounds, allyl compounds, and blocked isocyanate compounds. From the viewpoint of suppressing cure shrinkage, it is preferable that the (F) thermal crosslinking agent contains a nitrogen atom.
- alkoxymethyl compounds include, but are not limited to, compounds of the formula:
- alkoxymethyl compounds include alkylated urea resin (product name: MX290, manufactured by Nikalac) and 1,3,4,6-tetrakis(methoxymethyl)glycoluril (product name: MX270, manufactured by Nikalac).
- epoxy compounds include 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether, epoxy compounds containing bisphenol A groups, and hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether.
- Epolite 4000 product name, manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Epolite 4000 can be suitably used.
- Oxetane compounds include 1,4-bis ⁇ [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl)methoxy]methyl ⁇ benzene, bis[1-ethyl(3-oxetanyl)]methyl ether, 4,4'-bis[(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl)methyl]biphenyl, 4,4'-bis(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethoxy)biphenyl, ethylene glycol bis(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl)ether, diethylene glycol bis(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl)ether, bis( 3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl) diphenoate, trimethylolpropane tris(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl) ether, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl)
- Bismaleimide compounds include 1,2-bis(maleimide)ethane, 1,3-bis(maleimide)propane, 1,4-bis(maleimide)butane, 1,5-bis(maleimide)pentane, 1,6-bis(maleimide)hexane, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-bis(maleimide)hexane, N,N'-1,3-phenylenebis(maleimide), 4-methyl-N,N'-1,3-phenylenebis(maleimide), N,N'-1,4-phenylenebis(maleimide), 3-methyl-N,N'-1,4-phenylenebis(maleimide), 4,4'-bis(maleimide)diphenylmethane, 3,3'-diethyl-5,5'-dimethyl-4,4'-bis(maleimide)diphenylmethane, and 2,2-bis[4-(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]propane.
- Allyl compounds include allyl alcohol, allyl anisole, allyl benzoate ester, allyl cinnamate ester, N-allyloxyphthalimide, allylphenol, allyl phenyl sulfone, allyl urea, diallyl phthalate, diallyl isophthalate, diallyl terephthalate, diallyl maleate, diallyl isocyanurate, triallylamine, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, triallylamine, triallyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, triallyl trimellitate, triallyl phosphate, triallyl phosphite, and triallyl citrate.
- blocked isocyanate compounds include hexamethylene diisocyanate-based blocked isocyanates (e.g., Asahi Kasei Corp., product names: Duranate SBN-70D, SBB-70P, SBF-70E, TPA-B80E, 17B-60P, MF-B60B, E402-B80B, MF-K60B, and WM44-L70G; Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., product name: Takenate B-882N; Baxenden, product names: 7960, 7961, 7982, 7991, and 7992, etc.); tolylene diisocyanate-based blocked isocyanates (e.g., Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., product name: Takenate B-830, etc.); 4,4'- Examples of such blocked isocyanates include diphenylmethane diisocyanate-based blocked isocyanates (e.g., Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., product name: Taken
- Thermal crosslinking agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
- the content of the thermal crosslinking agent (F) in the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure is preferably 0.2 parts by mass to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor or polyimide resin (A).
- the lower limit of the thermal crosslinking agent is more preferably 1 part by mass or more, and even more preferably 5 parts by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the thermal crosslinking agent is more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 20 parts by mass or less.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure may contain a heterocyclic compound for improving copper adhesion, developability, copper migration suppression ability, etc.
- the heterocyclic compound include imidazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, tetrazole derivatives other than (B), and purine derivatives.
- purine derivatives include purine, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, theobromine, caffeine, uric acid, isoguanine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 9-methyladenine, 2-hydroxyadenine, 2-methyladenine, 1-methyladenine, N-methyladenine, N,N-dimethyladenine, 2-fluoroadenine, 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenine, guanine oxime, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenine, 8-
- heterocyclic compounds include aminoadenine, 6-amino-8-phenyl-9H-purine, 1-ethyladenine, 6-ethylaminopurine, 1-benzyladenine, N-methylguanine, 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine, N-(3-chlorophenyl)guanine, N-(3-ethylphenyl)guanine,
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of (A) polyimide precursor or polyimide resin, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass from the viewpoint of copper adhesion.
- the blending amount is 0.1 part by mass or more, discoloration of copper is suppressed when the photosensitive resin composition is formed on copper, while when the blending amount is 10 parts by mass or less, excellent copper adhesion is achieved.
- the photosensitive resin composition may contain a base generator.
- the base generator is a compound that generates a base when heated. By containing the thermal base generator, it is possible to further promote imidization of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the thermal base generator is not particularly limited in type, but examples include amine compounds protected by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, or the thermal base generators disclosed in WO 2017/038598. However, the thermal base generator is not limited to these, and other known thermal base generators can also be used.
- Amine compounds protected by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group include, for example, ethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 1-amino-2-butanol, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 4-amino-2-methyl-1-butanol, valinol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, 2-amino-1,3-propanol, phenylalanine, tyramine, norephedrine, 2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-aminocyclohexanol, 4-aminocyclohexanol, 4-aminocyclohexaneethanol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)cyclohexanol, N
- the amount of the thermal base generator is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor or polyimide resin.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more from the viewpoint of the imidization promotion effect, and 20 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of the physical properties of the photosensitive resin layer after curing of the photosensitive resin composition.
- the photosensitive resin composition may optionally contain a hindered phenol compound.
- the hindered phenol compound include, but are not limited to, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,5-di-t-butyl-hydroquinone, octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, isooctyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), triethylene glycol-bis[3-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 1,6
- examples of the hindered phenol compound include 1,3,5-tris(3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-isopropylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(4-s-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris[4-(1-ethylpropyl)-3-hydroxy 1,3,5-tris[4-triethylmethyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)
- 1,3,5-tris(4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione is particularly preferred.
- the amount of the hindered phenol compound is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of (A) polyimide precursor or polyimide resin, and more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass from the viewpoint of photosensitivity characteristics.
- the amount is 0.1 part by mass or more, for example, when the photosensitive resin composition is formed on copper or a copper alloy, discoloration and corrosion of the copper or copper alloy is prevented, while when the amount is 20 parts by mass or less, excellent photosensitivity is achieved.
- the photosensitive resin composition may contain an organotitanium compound.
- an organotitanium compound By containing an organotitanium compound, a photosensitive resin layer having excellent chemical resistance can be formed even when cured at a low temperature.
- Usable organotitanium compounds include those in which an organic chemical is bonded to a titanium atom via a covalent or ionic bond.
- Titanium chelate compounds include titanium bis(triethanolamine) diisopropoxide, titanium di(n-butoxide) bis(2,4-pentanedionate, titanium diisopropoxide bis(2,4-pentanedionate), titanium diisopropoxide bis(tetramethylheptanedionate), titanium diisopropoxide bis(ethylacetoacetate), and the like.
- Tetraalkoxytitanium compounds For example, titanium tetra(n-butoxide), titanium tetraethoxide, titanium tetra(2-ethylhexoxide), titanium tetraisobutoxide, titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium tetramethoxide, titanium tetramethoxypropoxide, titanium tetramethylphenoxide, titanium tetra(n-nonyloxide), titanium tetra(n-propoxide), titanium tetrastearyloxide, titanium tetrakis[bis ⁇ 2,2-(allyloxymethyl)butoxide ⁇ ], etc.
- Titanocene compounds For example, pentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium trimethoxide, bis( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl)bis(2,6-difluorophenyl)titanium, bis( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl)bis(2,6-difluoro-3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)titanium, etc.
- Monoalkoxytitanium compounds For example, titanium tris(dioctylphosphate) isopropoxide, titanium tris(dodecylbenzenesulfonate) isopropoxide, etc.
- Titanium oxide compounds For example, titanium oxide bis(pentanedionate), titanium oxide bis(tetramethylheptanedionate), phthalocyanine titanium oxide, etc.
- Titanium tetraacetylacetonate compounds For example, titanium tetraacetylacetonate.
- Titanate coupling agents For example, isopropyl tridodecylbenzenesulfonyl titanate, etc.
- the organic titanium compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of I) titanium chelate compounds, II) tetraalkoxytitanium compounds, and III) titanocene compounds, from the viewpoint of exhibiting better chemical resistance.
- titanium diisopropoxide bis(ethylacetoacetate), titanium tetra(n-butoxide), and bis( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl)bis(2,6-difluoro-3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)titanium are preferred.
- the amount is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of (A) the polyimide precursor or polyimide.
- the amount is 0.05 parts by mass or more, good heat resistance and chemical resistance are exhibited, while when the amount is 10 parts by mass or less, excellent storage stability is achieved.
- the photosensitive resin composition may optionally contain an adhesion aid.
- adhesion aid include ⁇ -aminopropyldimethoxysilane, N-( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, dimethoxymethyl-3-piperidinopropylsilane, diethoxy-3-glycidoxypropylmethylsilane, N-(3-diethoxymethylsilylpropyl)succinimide, N-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]phthalamic acid, benzophenyldimethoxysilane, N-( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropy
- the photosensitive resin composition contains an adhesive aid
- the amount of the adhesive aid is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of (A) the polyimide precursor.
- Silane coupling agents include, but are not limited to, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.: product name KBM803, manufactured by Chisso Corporation: product name Sila-Ace S810), N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.: product name KBM573), 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (manufactured by Azmax Corporation: product name SIM6475.0), 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.: product name SIM6475.0), and the like.
- silane coupling agents include, but are not limited to, N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)urea (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.: product name LS3610, manufactured by Azmax Corporation: product name SIU9055.0), N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)urea (manufactured by Azmax Corporation: product name SIU9058.0), N-(3-diethoxymethoxysilylpropyl)urea, N-(3-ethoxy dimethoxysilylpropyl)urea, N-(3-tripropoxysilylpropyl)urea, N-(3-diethoxypropoxysilylpropyl)urea, N-(3-ethoxydipropoxysilylpropyl)urea, N-(3-dimethoxypropoxysilylpropyl)urea, N-(3-methoxydipropoxysilylpropylpropyl
- silane coupling agents include 2-(trimethoxysilylethyl)pyridine (manufactured by Azmax Corporation: product name SIT8396.0), 2-(triethoxysilylethyl)pyridine, 2-(dimethoxysilylmethylethyl)pyridine, 2-(diethoxysilylmethylethyl)pyridine, (3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-t-butylcarbamate, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-i-propoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, tetra-i-butoxysilane, and tetra-t-butoxysilane.
- 2-(trimethoxysilylethyl)pyridine manufactured by Azmax Corporation: product name SIT8396.0
- silane tetrakis(methoxyethoxysilane), tetrakis(methoxy-n-propoxysilane), tetrakis(ethoxyethoxysilane), tetrakis(methoxyethoxyethoxysilane), bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane, bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane, bis(triethoxysilyl)methane, bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene, bis(triethoxysilyl)octane, bis(triethoxysilyl)octadiene, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, di-t-butoxydiacetoxysilane silane, di-i-butoxyaluminoxytrie
- silane coupling agents listed above may be used alone or in combination.
- silane coupling agents listed above from the viewpoint of storage stability, phenylsilanetriol, trimethoxyphenylsilane, trimethoxy(p-tolyl)silane, diphenylsilanediol, dimethoxydiphenylsilane, diethoxydiphenylsilane, dimethoxydi-p-tolylsilane, triphenylsilanol, and the following formula:
- a silane coupling agent having a structure represented by the following formula is preferred.
- the amount is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of (A) the polyimide precursor or polyimide resin.
- the photosensitive resin composition may optionally contain a sensitizer to improve photosensitivity.
- a sensitizer include Michler's ketone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 2,5-bis(4'-diethylaminobenzal)cyclopentane, 2,6-bis(4'-diethylaminobenzal)cyclohexanone, 2,6-bis(4'-diethylaminobenzal)-4-methylcyclohexanone, 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)chalcone, 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)chalcone, p-dimethylaminocinnamylideneindan ...
- Methylaminobenzylidene indanone 2-(p-dimethylaminophenylbiphenylene)-benzothiazole, 2-(p-dimethylaminophenylvinylene)benzothiazole, 2-(p-dimethylaminophenylvinylene)isonaphthothiazole, 1,3-bis(4'-dimethylaminobenzal)acetone, 1,3-bis(4'-diethylaminobenzal)acetone, 3,3'-carbonyl-bis(7-diethylaminocoumarin), 3-acetyl-7-dimethylaminocoumarin, 3-ethoxycarbonyl-7-dimethylaminocoumarin, 3-benzyloxycarbonyl-7-dimethylaminocoumarin, 3-methoxycarbonyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin, 3-ethoxycarbonyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin, N-phenyl-N'-ethyl
- the amount of the sensitizer is preferably 0.1 to 25 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of (A) the polyimide precursor or polyimide resin.
- the photosensitive resin composition may optionally contain a polymerization inhibitor in order to improve the stability of the viscosity and photosensitivity of the photosensitive resin composition, particularly when stored in a state of a solution containing a solvent.
- polymerization inhibitor examples include hydroquinone, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, p-tert-butylcatechol, phenothiazine, N-phenylnaphthylamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, glycol ether diaminetetraacetic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, 5-nitroso-8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-nitroso-2-naphthol, 2-nitroso-1-naphthol, 2-nitroso-5-(N-ethyl-N-sulfopropylamino)phenol, N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt, and N-nitroso-N(1-naphthyl)hydroxylamine ammonium salt.
- the method for producing a cured relief pattern of the present disclosure includes the following steps: (1) applying the above-mentioned photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure onto a substrate to form a photosensitive resin layer on the substrate, (2) exposing the resin layer to light, (3) developing the exposed resin layer to form a relief pattern, and (4) heat-treating the relief pattern to form a cured relief pattern.
- Resin layer forming step the photosensitive resin composition is applied onto the substrate, and then dried as necessary to form a photosensitive resin layer.
- a method that has been conventionally used for applying a photosensitive resin composition such as a method of applying with a spin coater, a bar coater, a blade coater, a curtain coater, a screen printer, etc., or a method of spraying with a spray coater, etc., can be used.
- the resin layer formed above is exposed to an ultraviolet light source or the like through a photomask or reticle having a pattern, or directly, using an exposure device such as a contact aligner, mirror projection, or stepper.
- the unexposed portion of the exposed photosensitive resin layer is developed and removed.
- a developing method for developing the exposed (irradiated) photosensitive resin layer any method can be selected from conventionally known photoresist developing methods, such as a rotary spray method, a paddle method, and an immersion method accompanied by ultrasonic treatment.
- post-development baking may be performed at any combination of temperature and time, if necessary, for the purpose of adjusting the shape of the relief pattern, etc.
- the developer used for development is preferably, for example, a good solvent for the photosensitive resin composition, or a combination of the good solvent and a poor solvent.
- good solvents for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, etc. are preferred.
- poor solvents for example, toluene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, water, etc. are preferred.
- the ratio of the poor solvent to the good solvent depending on the solubility of the polymer in the photosensitive resin composition.
- two or more types of each solvent for example, several types, can be used in combination.
- the relief pattern obtained by the above development is heated to disperse the photosensitive component and imidize the polyimide precursor (A) to convert it into a cured relief pattern (cured film) made of polyimide.
- various methods can be selected, such as a method using a hot plate, a method using an oven, and a method using a temperature-elevating oven in which a temperature program can be set.
- the heat treatment can be performed, for example, under conditions of 160°C to 350°C for 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 350°C or less, more preferably 230°C or less, even more preferably 200°C or less, and even more preferably 180°C or less. In order to further suppress copper migration, the temperature is preferably 200°C or more, more preferably 230°C or more.
- air may be used, or an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon may be used.
- the polyimide film (cured film) of the present disclosure can be produced by curing the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure also provides a cured film formed from the cured product of the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure.
- the photosensitive resin composition containing the polyimide resin (A) of the present disclosure can produce a polyimide film based on the above-mentioned method for producing a cured relief pattern.
- the photosensitive resin composition containing the polyimide precursor (A) of the present disclosure can be imidized to form a polyimide cured product having an imidization rate of 80 to 100%, thereby producing a polyimide film.
- the polyimide film can be produced based on the above-mentioned method for producing a cured relief pattern.
- the structure of the polyimide contained in the cured relief pattern formed from the polyimide precursor composition is represented by the following general formula.
- the preferred X 1 and Y 1 in the general formulas (4) and (4') are also preferred in the polyimide having the structure represented by the above general formula.
- the number m of repeating units is not particularly limited, but may be an integer of 2 to 150.
- the semiconductor device preferably has a cured relief pattern obtained by the above-mentioned method for producing a cured relief pattern.
- the semiconductor device preferably has a substrate which is a semiconductor element, and a cured relief pattern of polyimide formed on the substrate by the above-mentioned method for producing a cured relief pattern.
- the semiconductor device can be manufactured using a semiconductor element as the substrate, and using the method for producing a cured relief pattern of the present disclosure as a part of the manufacturing process.
- the semiconductor device can be manufactured by a method for producing a semiconductor device including forming the cured relief pattern formed by the method for producing a cured relief pattern of the present disclosure as a surface protective film, an interlayer insulating film, an insulating film for rewiring, a protective film for a flip chip device, or a protective film for a semiconductor device having a bump structure.
- the display device is a display device including a display element and a cured film provided on the upper part of the display element, and the cured film is preferably the above-mentioned cured relief pattern.
- the cured relief pattern may be laminated in direct contact with the display element, or may be laminated with another layer sandwiched therebetween.
- the cured film may be a surface protective film, an insulating film, and a planarizing film for a TFT liquid crystal display element and a color filter element, a protrusion for an MVA type liquid crystal display device, and a partition wall for a cathode of an organic EL element.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure is preferably a photosensitive resin composition for forming an insulating member or an interlayer insulating film.
- the photosensitive resin composition can also be used to form a surface protective film, an interlayer insulating film, an insulating film for rewiring, a protective film for a flip chip device, or a protective film for a semiconductor device having a bump structure.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present disclosure is also useful for applications such as an interlayer insulating film for a multilayer circuit, a cover coat for a flexible copper-clad board, a solder resist film, and a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Weight Average Molecular Weight The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of each resin was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene equivalent) under the following conditions.
- Standard monodisperse polystyrene Showa Denko STANDARD SM-105
- Mobile phase 0.1 mol/L LiBr/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) Flow rate: 1 mL/min.
- This coating film was irradiated with i-rays at an energy of 650 mJ/cm2 using a test pattern mask by Prisma GHI (manufactured by Ultratech Co., Ltd.).
- this coating film was spray-developed with a coater developer (D-Spin 60A type, manufactured by SOKUDO Co., Ltd.) using cyclopentanone as a developer for a time period equal to 1.4 times the time required for the unexposed areas to completely dissolve and disappear, and then rotationally spray-rinsed with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate for 10 seconds to obtain a relief pattern on Cu.
- a coater developer D-Spin 60A type, manufactured by SOKUDO Co., Ltd.
- the wafer with the relief pattern formed on Cu was heated in a temperature-programmable curing furnace (VF-2000, manufactured by Koyo Lindberg) in a nitrogen atmosphere at 230°C for 2 hours to obtain a cured relief pattern made of resin approximately 6 to 9 ⁇ m thick on Cu.
- VF-2000 temperature-programmable curing furnace
- the wafer with the cured relief pattern formed on Cu was heated in air at 150° C. for 168 hours using a temperature-ramp programmable curing furnace (VF-2000, manufactured by Koyo Lindberg). Then, using a plasma surface treatment device (EXAM, manufactured by Shinko Seiki Co., Ltd.), the resin layer on Cu was entirely removed by plasma etching, and the area where the resin was originally present was observed under the following conditions to evaluate copper voids.
- the plasma etching conditions were as follows: Output: 133W Gas type and flow rate: O2 : 40 mL/min + CF4: 1 mL/min Gas pressure: 50 Pa Mode: Hard mode Etching time: 4200 seconds
- VF-2000 type manufactured by Koyo Lindberg Co., Ltd.
- the heat-treated film was evaluated for adhesion between the copper substrate and the cured resin coating film according to the cross-cut method of JIS K 5600-5-6, based on the following criteria: If the film was rated B or higher, it could be suitably used as a cured relief pattern for semiconductors.
- TEG wafer was prepared on a silicon wafer with a comb-shaped Cu wiring having a line/space of 10 ⁇ m/10 ⁇ m and a height of 5 ⁇ m.
- the TEG wafer was immersed in a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution for 1 minute, washed with running ion-exchanged water, and dried with an air gun. Then, oxygen plasma was performed for 20 seconds at 40 mL/min, 133 W, and 50 Pa using low-pressure plasma (EXAM, manufactured by Shinko Seiki Co., Ltd.).
- the photosensitive resin composition was spin-coated using a coater developer (D-Spin 60A type, manufactured by SOKUDO Co., Ltd.) so that the film thickness was 10 ⁇ m, and pre-baked on a hot plate at 110 ° C. for 180 seconds to form a coating film on the TEG wafer.
- a coater developer D-Spin 60A type, manufactured by SOKUDO Co., Ltd.
- 800 mJ/cm2 was exposed using a parallel light mask aligner (PLA-501FA type, manufactured by Canon Inc.).
- PPA-501FA type manufactured by Canon Inc.
- the coating was subjected to rotary spray development at 23°C using cyclopentanone as a developer for 1.4 times the time required for the unexposed portion to completely dissolve and disappear, followed by rotary spray rinsing with propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate for 10 seconds. After that, the coating was heated for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperatures listed in Tables 2 to 4 using a temperature-elevation programmable curing furnace (VF-2000, Koyo Lindberg Co., Ltd.) to obtain a cured relief pattern.
- VF-2000 temperature-elevation programmable curing furnace
- a b-HAST test was performed at an applied voltage of 50 V in an environment of 130° C. and 85% RH.
- the insulation resistance value between the copper wirings was measured at 30-minute intervals, and when it reached 1 ⁇ 104 ⁇ or less, it was deemed that insulation breakdown had occurred.
- the time from the start of the test to insulation breakdown was calculated, and evaluation was performed based on the following criteria. If the evaluation was D or higher, the pattern can be suitably used as a cured relief pattern for semiconductors.
- A 250 hours or more until dielectric breakdown B: 200 hours or more but less than 250 hours until dielectric breakdown C: 150 hours or more but less than 200 hours until dielectric breakdown D: 100 hours or more but less than 150 hours until dielectric breakdown E: Less than 100 hours until dielectric breakdown
- polyimide precursor A1 The molecular weight of polyimide precursor A1 was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene equivalent) to find that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 24,000.
- Production Example 2 (A) Synthesis of Polyimide Precursor A2 Except for using 147.1 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) instead of 124.0 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) and 29.4 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), a reaction was carried out in the same manner as in the above Production Example 1 to obtain a polymer (polyimide precursor A2). The molecular weight of polyimide precursor A2 was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene equivalent) to find that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 24,000.
- BPDA 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride
- BPDA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic
- Production Example 3 (A) Synthesis of Polyimide Precursor A3 Except for using 155.1 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) instead of 124.0 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) and 29.4 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), a reaction was carried out in the same manner as in the above Production Example 1 to obtain a polymer (polyimide precursor A3).
- the molecular weight of polyimide precursor A3 was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene equivalent) to find that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 21,000.
- Production Example 5 (A) Synthesis of polyimide precursor A5 A reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that 155.1 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) was used instead of 124.0 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) and 29.4 g of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), and 49.2 g of 1,4-phenylenediamine (pPD) was used instead of 93.0 g of 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), to obtain a polymer (polyimide precursor A5).
- the molecular weight of polyimide precursor A5 was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene equivalent) to find that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 21,000.
- Production Example 6 (A) Synthesis of Polyimide Precursor A6
- a polymer (Polyimide Precursor A6) was obtained by carrying out a reaction in the same manner as in the above Production Example 1, except that 62 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) and 88.3 g of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) were used instead of 155.1 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) in Production Example 4.
- the molecular weight of Polyimide Precursor A6 was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene equivalent) and found to have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 28,000.
- Production Example 7 (A) Synthesis of polyimide resin A7 A Dean-Stark extractor was attached, and 200 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter NMP) and 33.1 g (0.012 mol) of 6-(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl-3-amine (PDPE) were added and dissolved in a nitrogen-substituted three-neck flask, to which 24.8 g (0.1 mol) of bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCD) and 50.0 g of toluene were added and heated to 180 ° C.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- PDPE 6-(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl-3-amine
- Production Example 9 (A) Synthesis of Polyimide Resin A9 Polyimide resin A9 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 7, except that NMP in Production Example 7 was changed to GBL, PDPE was changed to 30.1 g (0.088 mol) of 9,9'-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), and BCD was changed to 19.6 g (0.1 mol) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic anhydride (CBDA). The weight average molecular weight of polyimide resin A9 was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene equivalent) to find that Mw was 29,000.
- polyimide resin A10 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (hereinafter MOI) was added at room temperature and reacted at room temperature for 12 hours.
- MOI 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate
- the resulting reaction liquid was dropped into 2,000 g of ion-exchanged water to precipitate the polymer, which was then filtered and vacuum-dried at 40°C to obtain a powdered polymer (polyimide resin A10).
- Example 1 A photosensitive resin composition was prepared using the polyimide precursor A1 by the following method, and the prepared composition was evaluated.
- Polyimide precursor A1 100 g of the polyimide precursor described in Production Example 1,
- Tetrazole compound B1 3 g of 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid (manufactured by Advanced ChemBlocks),
- C Photopolymerization initiator C1: 3 g of TR-PBG-3057 (manufactured by TRONLY),
- E Radical polymerizable compound E1: 10 g of NK Ester A-9300 (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Solvent D1 80 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone (hereinafter referred to as GBL, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) and Solvent D2: 20 g of dimethyl sulfoxide (hereinafter referred to as DMSO, manufactured by Toray Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.) were
- the composition was evaluated according to the above-mentioned method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Photosensitive resin compositions were prepared by adjusting the compounding ratios as shown in Tables 1 to 4 except for the solvent, and dissolving the other components in the solvent and adjusting the viscosity in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, copper adhesion and copper void evaluation or b-HAST test were performed to evaluate the copper adhesion and copper migration performance. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.
- the compounds listed in Tables 1 to 4 are as follows.
- Polyimide precursor or its comparative polymer A1 Polyimide precursor A2 described in Production Example 1: Polyimide precursor A3 described in Production Example 2: Polyimide precursor A4 described in Production Example 3: Polyimide precursor A5 described in Production Example 4: Polyimide precursor A6 described in Production Example 5: Polyimide precursor A7 described in Production Example 6: Polyimide resin A8 described in Production Example 7: Polyimide resin A9 described in Production Example 8: Polyimide resin A10 described in Production Example 9: Polyimide resin A1' described in Production Example 10: ZCR-1797H (acid-modified epoxy acrylate having a biphenyl skeleton, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
- Tetrazole compound B1 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylic acid (manufactured by Advanced ChemBlocks)
- B2 Ethyl 1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- B3 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- B4 1H-tetrazole-5-ethyl acetate (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- B5 2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)butanedioic acid (Enamine Building Blocks)
- B6 2,2-bis(2-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl)propanedioic acid (manufactured by Chemieliva Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
- B7 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- B8
- C1 Photopolymerization initiator
- C2 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2-(O-benzoyl)oxime (product name KZ-941, Changzhou Strong Electronic New Materials Co., Ltd.)
- C3 Ethanone, 1-[9-ethyl-6-(2-methylbenzoyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl]-, 1-(O-acetyloxime) (product name: Irgacure OXE02, manufactured by BASF)
- E Radical polymerization initiator
- E1 Tris-(2-acryloxyethyl)isocyanurate (product name: NK Ester A-9300, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- E2 Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (product name: NK Ester 4G, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- E3 Methoxynonaethylene glycol monomethacrylate (product name: PME-400, manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- E4 Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (product name: A-TMMT, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- E5 Dipentaerythritol polyacrylate (product name: A-DPH, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- F Thermal crosslinking agent
- F1 Alkylated urea resin (product name: Nikalac MX-290, manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- F2 1,3,4,6-tetrakis(methoxymethyl)glycoluril (product name: Nikalac MX-270, manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- G Heterocyclic compound
- G1 Benzotriazole (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- G2 5-carboxybenzotriazole (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- G3 8-azaadenine (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Organotitanium compound J1 diisopropoxytitanium bis(ethyl acetate) (product name: ORGATIXX TC-750, manufactured by Matsumoto Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Adhesion aid K1 N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (product name: KBM573, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- K2 (3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-t-butylcarbamate (Gelest)
- K3 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- K4 4,4-carbonylbis(2-(((3-triethoxysilyl)propyl)amino)carbonyl)benzoic acid (produced in-house)
- K5 2-(3-triethoxysilylpropylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (produced in-house)
- the photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 3, 8, and 11 to 14 received an A for copper adhesion and an A for copper void suppression.
- the photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 4 and 9 received an A for copper void suppression, but a B for copper adhesion.
- the photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 1 to 2, 5 to 7, and 10 all received a B for copper adhesion and copper void suppression.
- both copper adhesion and copper void suppression received a C
- in Comparative Examples 3 to 6 copper void suppression and copper adhesion received a D.
- Comparative Examples 7 to 13 which do not satisfy the requirements of the present disclosure, are unable to improve both copper adhesion and copper migration performance (b-HAST test results).
- Examples 15 to 51 show excellent performance in both adhesion and copper migration performance.
- Comparisons of Comparative Examples 7 to 11 and Comparative Example 13 with Example 16, and comparisons of Comparative Example 12 with Example 47 show that the use of the (B) tetrazole compound in the present disclosure improves copper adhesion and copper migration performance.
- Comparative Examples 7 to 10 contain a tetrazole compound, but do not have the structure of general formula (1) or (2), and the pKa and tPSA do not satisfy the preferred ranges of the present disclosure, so sufficient effects are not obtained.
- Comparative Examples 11 to 13 contain a heterocyclic compound whose pKa and/or tPSA satisfy the preferred ranges of the present disclosure, but the heterocyclic compound is not a tetrazole compound, so sufficient effects are not obtained.
- Examples 16 to 20 have compositions with different contents of (B) tetrazole compound, but Examples 16, 18, and 19, which have a content in the range of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, have better copper adhesion and copper migration performance.
- Example 16 with Example 23, or Example 18 with Examples 24 to 28 it can be seen that the copper migration property is improved by increasing the cure temperature, but the copper adhesion is better at 230°C or less, and even better at 200°C or less.
- Comparing Example 31 with Example 30 it can be seen that the inclusion of (E) a radical polymerizable compound improves copper migration.
- Example 34 comparing Example 34 with Example 33, it can be seen that the inclusion of (F) a thermal crosslinking agent improves copper migration.
- Example 38 Comparing Example 38 with Example 16, it can be seen that the inclusion of (G) an adhesive assistant improves copper adhesion. Furthermore, when comparing Example 33 and Example 32, it can be seen that Example 32, in which the content of (E) the radical polymerizable compound is in the range of 20 to 80 parts by mass, has better copper migration.
- the photosensitive resin composition according to the present disclosure can be suitably used in the field of photosensitive materials that are useful for manufacturing electrical and electronic materials such as semiconductor devices and multilayer wiring boards. More specifically, it can be used, for example, in forming relief patterns of insulating materials for electronic components, as well as passivation films, buffer coat films, and interlayer insulating films in semiconductor devices.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
以下の成分:
(A)ポリイミド前駆体及び/又はポリイミド樹脂と、
(B)テトラゾール化合物と、
(C)光重合開始剤と、
(D)溶剤と
を含む、感光性樹脂組成物であって、
上記(B)テトラゾール化合物のpKaが1.3~4.1である、感光性樹脂組成物。
[2]
以下の成分:
(A)ポリイミド前駆体及び/又はポリイミド樹脂と、
(B)テトラゾール化合物と、
(C)光重合開始剤と、
(D)溶剤と
を含む、感光性樹脂組成物であって、
上記(B)テトラゾール化合物が、下記一般式(1):
又は下記一般式(2):
で表される化合物を含む、感光性樹脂組成物。
[3]
以下の成分:
(A)ポリイミド前駆体及び/又はポリイミド樹脂と、
(B)テトラゾール化合物と、
(C)光重合開始剤と、
(D)溶剤と
を含む、感光性樹脂組成物であって、
上記(B)テトラゾール化合物の極性表面積(tPSA)が81~200である、感光性樹脂組成物。
[4]
上記(A)成分100質量部に対する上記(B)成分の含有量が0.01~10質量部である、項目1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[5]
上記(B)テトラゾール化合物が、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物を含む、項目1~4のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[6]
上記(B)テトラゾール化合物が、下記式で表される化合物を含む、項目1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
(E)ラジカル重合性化合物を更に含む、項目1~6のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[8]
上記(A)成分100質量部に対する上記(E)成分の含有量が20~80質量部である、項目7に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[9]
上記感光性樹脂組成物が上記ポリイミド前駆体を含み、上記ポリイミド前駆体が、下記一般式(4):
で表される、かつ/又は
上記感光性樹脂組成物が上記ポリイミド樹脂を含み、上記ポリイミド樹脂が、下記一般式(4’):
で表される構造単位を有する、項目1~8のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[10]
上記一般式(4)において、R11及びR12の少なくとも一方が、下記一般式(5):
で表される構造単位を有する、項目9に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[11]
上記一般式(4’)のX1が、下記一般式(6)~(14)で表される構造から選択される少なくとも一つであり、又は、上記一般式(4’)のY1が、下記一般式(15)~(23)で表される構造から選択される少なくとも一つである、項目9又は10に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
(F)熱架橋剤を更に含む、項目1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[13]
(K)接着助剤を更に含む、項目1~12のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[14]
上記感光性樹脂組成物は、表面保護膜、層間絶縁膜、再配線用絶縁膜、フリップチップ装置用保護膜、又はバンプ構造を有する半導体装置の保護膜を形成するための感光性樹脂組成物である、項目1~13のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
[15]
以下の工程:
(1)項目1~14のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を基板上に塗布して、感光性樹脂層を上記基板上に形成する工程と、
(2)上記感光性樹脂層を露光する工程と、
(3)上記露光後の感光性樹脂層を現像して、レリーフパターンを形成する工程と、
(4)上記レリーフパターンを加熱処理して、硬化レリーフパターンを形成する工程と
を含む、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法。
[16]
上記工程(4)の加熱処理は、350℃以下の加熱処理である、項目15に記載の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法。
[17]
項目1~14のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物の硬化物を含む、硬化膜。
[18]
項目1~14のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化することを含む、ポリイミド膜の製造方法。
本開示の感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)ポリイミド前駆体および/又はポリイミド樹脂と、(B)テトラゾール化合物と、(C)光重合開始剤と、(D)溶剤とを含む。
(A)ポリイミド前駆体は、感光性樹脂組成物に含まれる樹脂成分であり、加熱環化処理を施すことによってポリイミドに変換される。(A)ポリイミド前駆体は、感光性樹脂組成物に使用することのできる樹脂であればその構造は制限されないが、アルカリ可溶性でないことが好ましい。ポリイミド前駆体がアルカリ可溶性でないことで、高い耐薬品性を得ることができる。
で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体であることが好ましい。
で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体であることが熱物性の観点から好ましい。
で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体であることが好ましい。
で表される構造単位を有するポリイミド前駆体であることが好ましい。(A)ポリイミド前駆体が、一般式(29)で表されるポリイミド前駆体を含むことで、特に耐薬品性が高くなる。
(A)ポリイミド前駆体は、まず前述の四価の有機基X1を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、光重合性の不飽和二重結合を有するアルコール類、及び任意に不飽和二重結合を有さないアルコール類とを反応させて、部分的にエステル化したテトラカルボン酸(以下、アシッド/エステル体ともいう)を調製する。その後、部分的にエステル化したテトラカルボン酸と、前述の二価の有機基Y1を含むジアミン類とをアミド重縮合させることにより得られる。
(A)ポリイミド前駆体を調製するために好適に用いられる、四価の有機基X1を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、上記一般式(24)に示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物をはじめ、例えば、ピロメリット酸二無水物(PMDA)、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)、ベンゾフェノン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビフェニル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)、ジフェニルスルホン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジフェニルメタン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2-ビス(3,4-無水フタル酸)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,4-無水フタル酸)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン等を挙げることができる。が、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの中でも、テトラカルボン酸二無水物として、好ましくは、ピロメリット酸二無水物(PMDA)、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)、及びビフェニル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)を挙げることができる。これらは単独で用いることができるのは勿論のこと2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上記アシッド/エステル体(典型的には後述する溶剤中の溶液)に、氷冷下、適当な脱水縮合剤、例えば、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1-エトキシカルボニル-2-エトキシ-1,2-ジヒドロキノリン、1,1-カルボニルジオキシ-ジ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、N,N’-ジスクシンイミジルカーボネート等を投入混合してアシッド/エステル体をポリ酸無水物とした後、これに、二価の有機基Y1を含むジアミン類を別途溶媒に溶解又は分散させたものを滴下投入し、アミド重縮合させることにより、目的のポリイミド前駆体を得ることができる。代替的には、上記アシッド/エステル体を、塩化チオニル等を用いてアシッド部分を酸クロライド化した後に、ピリジン等の塩基存在下に、ジアミン化合物と反応させることにより、目的のポリイミド前駆体を得ることができる。
本開示の感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)ポリイミド前駆体と共に、又はこれに変えて、(A)ポリイミド樹脂を含んでもよい。
(A)ポリイミド樹脂は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンを反応させて得られるポリアミド酸を、脱水閉環してイミド化することで得られる。
(B)テトラゾール化合物は、pKaが1.3~4.1であるか、後述する式(1)若しくは(2)で表されるか、又は極性表面積(tPSA)が81以上200以下であり、これらの一つ又は複数の特徴の組み合わせを有する。このような(B)テトラゾール化合物を含むことによって、銅密着性と銅マイグレーション抑制効果が得られる。なお、銅ボイドは銅マイグレーションが進行した結果生じているものと推測されるため、銅マイグレーションを抑制することは銅ボイドの抑制にも効果を発揮する。
Python 3.8.8
RDkit 2023.03.3
(C)光重合開始剤について説明する。光重合開始剤としては、光ラジカル重合開始剤であることが好ましく、ベンゾフェノン、o-ベンゾイル安息香酸メチル、4-ベンゾイル-4’-メチルジフェニルケトン、ジベンジルケトン、フルオレノン等のベンゾフェノン誘導体、2,2’-ジエトキシアセトフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロピオフェノン、1-ヒドロキシシクロヘキシルフェニルケトン等のアセトフェノン誘導体、チオキサントン、2-メチルチオキサントン、2-イソプロピルチオキサントン、ジエチルチオキサントン等のチオキサントン誘導体、ベンジル、ベンジルジメチルケタール、ベンジル-β-メトキシエチルアセタール等のベンジル誘導体、ベンゾイン、ベンゾインメチルエーテル等のベンゾイン誘導体、1-フェニル-1,2-ブタンジオン-2-(o-メトキシカルボニル)オキシム、1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(o-メトキシカルボニル)オキシム、1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(o-エトキシカルボニル)オキシム、1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(o-ベンゾイル)オキシム、1,3-ジフェニルプロパントリオン-2-(o-エトキシカルボニル)オキシム、1-フェニル-3-エトキシプロパントリオン-2-(o-ベンゾイル)オキシム等のオキシム類、N-フェニルグリシン等のN-アリールグリシン類、ベンゾイルパークロライド等の過酸化物類、芳香族ビイミダゾール類、チタノセン類、α-(n-オクタンスルフォニルオキシイミノ)-4-メトキシベンジルシアニド等の光酸発生剤類等が好ましく挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。上記の光重合開始剤の中では、特に光感度の点で、オキシム類がより好ましい。
(D)溶剤について説明する。溶剤としては、アミド類、スルホキシド類、ウレア類、ケトン類、エステル類、ラクトン類、エーテル類、ハロゲン化炭化水素類、炭化水素類、アルコール類等が挙げられ、例えば、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチル尿素、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、シュウ酸ジエチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸ブチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ベンジルアルコール、フェニルグリコール、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、モルフォリン、ジクロロメタン、1,2-ジクロロエタン、1,4-ジクロロブタン、クロロベンゼン、o-ジクロロベンゼン、アニソール、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン等を使用することができる。中でも、樹脂の溶解性、樹脂組成物の安定性、及び基板への接着性の観点から、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチル尿素、酢酸ブチル、乳酸エチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ベンジルアルコール、フェニルグリコール、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド及びテトラヒドロフルフリルアルコールが好ましい。
感光性樹脂組成物は(E)ラジカル重合性化合物を更に含有してもよい。(E)ラジカル重合性化合物を使用すると、感光性樹脂組成物の架橋が進み、硬化膜の透湿性が低下することで銅マイグレーション抑制効果が得られる。感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)ポリイミド前駆体又はポリイミド樹脂100質量部に対し、ラジカル重合性化合物を5質量部以上150質量部以下含むことが好ましい。良好な耐薬品性を得るためには、感光性樹脂組成物は、ラジカル重合性化合物を5質量部以上含むことが好ましく、10質量部以上含むことがより好ましく、20質量部以上含むことがさらに好ましい。ラジカル重合性化合物を多く含み過ぎると、銅密着性が低下することがある。しかしながら、本開示の感光性樹脂組成物は、上記特定のテトラゾール化合物を含有することにより、ラジカル重合性化合物を比較的多く含有しても高い銅密着性が得られることが分かった。上記下限値と任意に組み合わせることのできる上限値は、パターニング特性の観点から150質量部以下であることが好ましく、100質量部以下であることがより好ましく、80質量部以下であることがさらに好ましい。
で表される化合物が挙げられるが、上記に限定されるものではない。
ポリイミド膜の銅密着性や銅マイグレーションを抑制させるために、感光性樹脂組成物は、熱架橋剤を任意に含むことができる。
本開示の感光性樹脂組成物は、(B)テトラゾール化合物の他にも銅密着性や、現像性、銅マイグレーション抑制能の向上等のために複素環化合物を含有していてもよい。複素環化合物としては、例えばイミダゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、(B)以外のテトラゾール誘導体及びプリン誘導体等が挙げられる。
感光性樹脂組成物は、塩基発生剤を含有していてもよい。塩基発生剤とは、加熱することで塩基を発生する化合物をいう。熱塩基発生剤を含有することで、感光性樹脂組成物のイミド化をさらに促進することができる。
銅表面上の変色を抑制するために、感光性樹脂組成物は、ヒンダードフェノール化合物を任意に含んでもよい。ヒンダードフェノール化合物としては、限定されるものではないが、例えば、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,5-ジ-t-ブチル-ハイドロキノン、オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネ-ト、イソオクチル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、4、4’-メチレンビス(2、6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-チオ-ビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ブチリデン-ビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、トリエチレングリコール-ビス[3-(3-t-ブチル-5-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、1,6-ヘキサンジオール-ビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、2,2-チオ-ジエチレンビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、N,N’-ヘキサメチレンビス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-ヒドロシンナマミド)、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、ペンタエリスリチル-テトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、トリス-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)-イソシアヌレイト、1,3,5-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)ベンゼン等が挙げられる。
感光性樹脂組成物は、有機チタン化合物を含有してもよい。有機チタン化合物を含有することにより、低温で硬化した場合であっても耐薬品性に優れる感光性樹脂層を形成できる。
I)チタンキレート化合物:中でも、感光性樹脂組成物の保存安定性及び良好なパターンが得られることから、アルコキシ基を2個以上有するチタンキレートがより好ましい。具体的な例は、チタニウムビス(トリエタノールアミン)ジイソプロポキサイド、チタニウムジ(n-ブトキサイド)ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(エチルアセトアセテート)等である。
感光性樹脂組成物を用いて形成される膜と基材との接着性向上のために、感光性樹脂組成物は、接着助剤を任意に含んでもよい。接着助剤としては、例えば、γ-アミノプロピルジメトキシシラン、N-(β-アミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルジメトキシメチルシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ジメトキシメチル-3-ピペリジノプロピルシラン、ジエトキシ-3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルシラン、N-(3-ジエトキシメチルシリルプロピル)スクシンイミド、N-[3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピル]フタルアミド酸、ベンゾフェノン-3,3’-ビス(N-[3-トリエトキシシリル]プロピルアミド)-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、ベンゼン-1,4-ビス(N-[3-トリエトキシシリル]プロピルアミド)-2,5-ジカルボン酸、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピルスクシニックアンハイドライド、N-フェニルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-(トリアルコキシシリル)プロピルスクシン酸無水物等のシランカップリング剤、及びアルミニウムトリス(エチルアセトアセテート)、アルミニウムトリス(アセチルアセトネート)、エチルアセトアセテートアルミニウムジイソプロピレート等のアルミニウム系接着助剤等が挙げられる。
感光性樹脂組成物は、光感度を向上させるために、増感剤を任意に含んでもよい。該増感剤としては、例えば、ミヒラーズケトン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン、2,5-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロペンタン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロヘキサノン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)-4-メチルシクロヘキサノン、4,4’-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)カルコン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)カルコン、p-ジメチルアミノシンナミリデンインダノン、p-ジメチルアミノベンジリデンインダノン、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビフェニレン)-ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)イソナフトチアゾール、1,3-ビス(4’-ジメチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、1,3-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、3,3’-カルボニル-ビス(7-ジエチルアミノクマリン)、3-アセチル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-ベンジロキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-メトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、N-フェニル-N’-エチルエタノールアミン、N-フェニルジエタノールアミン、N-p-トリルジエタノールアミン、N-フェニルエタノールアミン、4-モルホリノベンゾフェノン、ジメチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、ジエチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、2-メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、1-フェニル-5-メルカプトテトラゾール、2-メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズオキサゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ナフト(1,2-d)チアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノベンゾイル)スチレン、2,2’-(フェニルイミノ)ジエタノール等が挙げられる。これらは単独で又は例えば2~5種類の組合せで用いることができる。
感光性樹脂組成物は、特に溶剤を含む溶液の状態での保存時の感光性樹脂組成物の粘度及び光感度の安定性を向上させるために、重合禁止剤を任意に含んでもよい。重合禁止剤としては、ヒドロキノン、N-ニトロソジフェニルアミン、p-tert-ブチルカテコール、フェノチアジン、N-フェニルナフチルアミン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン四酢酸、グリコールエーテルジアミン四酢酸、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-メチルフェノール、5-ニトロソ-8-ヒドロキシキノリン、1-ニトロソ-2-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-1-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-5-(N-エチル-N-スルホプロピルアミノ)フェノール、N-ニトロソ-N-フェニルヒドロキシルアミンアンモニウム塩、N-ニトロソ-N(1-ナフチル)ヒドロキシルアミンアンモニウム塩等が用いられる。
本開示の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法は、以下の工程:(1)上述した本開示の感光性樹脂組成物を基板上に塗布して、感光性樹脂層を上記基板上に形成する工程と、(2)上記樹脂層を露光する工程と、(3)露光後の上記樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターンを形成する工程と、(4)上記レリーフパターンを加熱処理して、硬化レリーフパターンを形成する工程とを含む。
本工程では、感光性樹脂組成物を基材上に塗布し、必要に応じてその後乾燥させて感光性樹脂層を形成する。塗布方法としては、従来から感光性樹脂組成物の塗布に用いられていた方法、例えば、スピンコーター、バーコーター、ブレードコーター、カーテンコーター、スクリーン印刷機等で塗布する方法、スプレーコーターで噴霧塗布する方法等を用いることができる。
本工程では、上記で形成した樹脂層を、コンタクトアライナー、ミラープロジェクション、ステッパー等の露光装置を用いて、パターンを有するフォトマスク又はレチクルを介して又は直接に、紫外線光源等により露光する。
本工程では、露光後の感光性樹脂層のうち未露光部を現像除去する。露光(照射)後の感光性樹脂層を現像する現像方法としては、従来知られているフォトレジストの現像方法、例えば、回転スプレー法、パドル法、超音波処理を伴う浸漬法等の中から任意の方法を選択して使用することができる。また、現像の後、レリーフパターンの形状を調整する等の目的で、必要に応じて、任意の温度及び時間の組合せによる現像後ベークを施してもよい。
本工程では、上記現像により得られたレリーフパターンを加熱処理して感光成分を希散させるとともに、(A)ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させることによって、ポリイミドから成る硬化レリーフパターン(硬化膜)に変換する。加熱処理の方法としては、例えば、ホットプレートによるもの、オーブンを用いるもの、温度プログラムを設定できる昇温式オーブンを用いるもの等種々の方法を選ぶことができる。加熱処理は、例えば、160℃~350℃で30分~5時間の条件で行うことができる。加熱処理の温度は、銅密着性をより向上させるには、好ましくは350℃以下、より好ましくは230℃以下、更に好ましくは200℃以下、より更に好ましくは180℃以下である。また、銅マイグレーションをより抑制するには、温度は、好ましくは200℃以上、より好ましくは230℃以上である。加熱硬化時の雰囲気気体としては空気を用いてもよく、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガスを用いることもできる。
本開示のポリイミド膜(硬化膜)は、本開示の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化することにより製造することができ、本開示は、本開示の感光性樹脂組成物の硬化物から形成される硬化膜も提供する。例えば、本開示の(A)ポリイミド樹脂を含有する感光性樹脂組成物は、前述の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法に基づいてポリイミド膜を製造できる。また、例えば、本開示の(A)ポリイミド前駆体を含有する感光性樹脂組成物をイミド化して、イミド化率80~100%のポリイミド硬化物を形成することにより、ポリイミド膜を製造してもよい。この場合も、前述の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法に基づいてポリイミド膜を製造できる。上記ポリイミド前駆体組成物から形成される硬化レリーフパターンに含まれるポリイミドの構造は、下記一般式で表される。
半導体装置は、上述した硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法により得られる硬化レリーフパターンを有することが好ましい。半導体装置は、半導体素子である基材と、上述した硬化レリーフパターン製造方法により該基材上に形成されたポリイミドの硬化レリーフパターンとを有することが好ましい。半導体装置は、基材として半導体素子を用い、本開示の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法を工程の一部として製造することができる。より詳細に、半導体装置は、本開示の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法で形成される硬化レリーフパターンを、表面保護膜、層間絶縁膜、再配線用絶縁膜、フリップチップ装置用保護膜、又はバンプ構造を有する半導体装置の保護膜等として形成することを含む、半導体装置の製造方法により製造することができる。
表示体装置は、表示体素子と該表示体素子の上部に設けられた硬化膜とを備える表示体装置であって、該硬化膜は上述の硬化レリーフパターンであることが好ましい。ここで、当該硬化レリーフパターンは、当該表示体素子に直接接して積層されていてもよく、別の層を間に挟んで積層されていてもよい。例えば、該硬化膜として、TFT液晶表示素子及びカラーフィルター素子の表面保護膜、絶縁膜、及び平坦化膜、MVA型液晶表示装置用の突起、並びに有機EL素子陰極用の隔壁を挙げることができる。
(1)重量平均分子量
各樹脂の重量平均分子量(Mw)をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法(標準ポリスチレン換算)を用いて以下の条件下で測定した。
ポンプ:JASCO PU-980
検出器:JASCO RI-930
カラムオーブン:JASCO CO-965 40℃
カラム:昭和電工(株)製Shodex KD-806M 直列に2本、又は
昭和電工(株)製Shodex 805M/806M直列
標準単分散ポリスチレン:昭和電工(株)製Shodex STANDARD SM-105
移動相:0.1mol/L LiBr/N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)
流速:1mL/min.
6インチシリコンウエハ(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上に、スパッタ装置(L-440S-FHL型、キヤノンアネルバ社製)を用いて200nm厚のチタン(Ti)、400nm厚の銅(Cu)をこの順にスパッタした。続いて、このウエハ上に、後述の方法により調製した感光性樹脂組成物をコーターデベロッパー(D-Spin60A型、SOKUDO社製)を用いて回転塗布し、110℃で180秒間ホットプレートにてプリベークを行い、約10μm厚の塗膜を形成した。この塗膜に、テストパターン付マスクを用いて、プリズマGHI(ウルトラテック社製)によりi線で650mJ/cm2のエネルギーを照射した。次いで、この塗膜を、現像液としてシクロペンタノンを用いて、未露光部が完全に溶解消失するまでの時間に1.4を乗じた時間に亘って、コーターデベロッパー(D-Spin60A型、SOKUDO社製)でスプレー現像し、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートで10秒間回転スプレーリンスすることにより、Cu上のレリーフパターンを得た。
出力:133W
ガス種・流量:O2:40mL/分 + CF4:1mL/分
ガス圧:50Pa
モード:ハードモード
エッチング時間:4200秒
<観察条件>
・加速電圧:20kV
・SE検出器:混合、BSE-L(L.A. 5)
・プローブ電流:High
・Working Distance:8mm
・Tilt:0°
・観察倍率:1000倍
6インチシリコンウェハー(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上に、スパッタ装置(L-440S-FHL型、キヤノンアネルバ社製)を用いて200nm厚のチタン(Ti)、400nm厚の銅(Cu)をこの順にスパッタした。続いて、このウェハー上に、硬化後の膜厚が約9μmとなるように感光性樹脂組成物を回転塗布乾燥した後、平行光マスクアライナー(PLA-501FA型、キヤノン社製)により800mJ/cm2を全面に露光した。昇温プログラム式キュア炉(VF-2000型、光洋リンドバーグ社製)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下にて、表1~4に記載の通りの温度で2時間加熱して硬化レリーフパターン(熱硬化したポリイミドの塗膜)を得た。加熱処理後の膜にJIS K 5600-5-6規格のクロスカット法に準じて、銅基板/硬化樹脂塗膜間の接着特性を以下の基準に基づき、評価した。評価B以上であれば、半導体向けの硬化レリーフパターンとして好適に用いることが出来る。
A:基板に接着している硬化樹脂塗膜の格子数が100
B:基板に接着している硬化樹脂塗膜の格子数が80以上~100未満
C:基板に接着している硬化樹脂塗膜の格子数が40以上~80未満
D:基板に接着している硬化樹脂塗膜の格子数が40未満
シリコンウエハ上に、ライン/スペース=10μm/10μm、高さ5μmのくしば型のCu配線を形成したTEGウエハを用意した。そのTEGウエハを、1%酢酸水溶液に1分間浸漬した後、イオン交換水で流水洗浄しエアーガンで乾燥した。そして、低圧プラズマ(神港精機社製、EXAM)により40mL/分、133W、50Paにて20秒間酸素プラズマを行った。その後、膜厚が10μmとなるように感光性樹脂組成物をコーターデベロッパー(D-Spin60A型、SOKUDO社製)を用いて回転塗布し、110℃で180秒間ホットプレートにてプリベークを行い、TEGウエハ上に塗膜を形成した。そして、平行光マスクアライナー(PLA-501FA型、キヤノン社製)により800mJ/cm2を露光した。この時、b-HAST試験時の導通を取るためCu電極部分は光が照射されないようマスクした状態で露光し、次の現像で未露光部は除去した。露光後、30分以上経過した後、コーターデベロッパー(D-Spin60A型、SOKUDO社製)にて、23℃で現像液としてシクロペンタノンを用いて、未露光部が完全に溶解消失するまでの時間の1.4倍の時間にて回転スプレー現像を施し、引き続きプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートで10秒間回転スプレーリンスした。その後、昇温プログラム式キュア炉(VF-2000型、光洋リンドバーグ社製)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、表2~4に記載の温度で2時間加熱して硬化レリーフパターンを得た。
A:絶縁破壊まで250時間以上
B:絶縁破壊まで200時間以上~250時間未満
C:絶縁破壊まで150時間以上~200時間未満
D:絶縁破壊まで100時間以上~150時間未満
E:絶縁破壊まで100時間未満
製造例1:(A)ポリイミド前駆体A1の合成
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)124.0g、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)29.4gを2L容量のセパラブルフラスコに入れ、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)131.2gとγ-ブチロラクトン(以下GBL)400mLを入れて室温下で攪拌し、攪拌しながらピリジン81.5gを加えて反応混合物を得た。反応による発熱の終了後に反応混合物を室温まで放冷し、16時間放置した。
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)124.0g及び3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)29.4gに代えて、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)147.1gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(ポリイミド前駆体A2)を得た。ポリイミド前駆体A2の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は24,000であった。
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)124.0g及び3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)29.4gに代えて、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(ポリイミド前駆体A3)を得た。ポリイミド前駆体A3の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は21,000であった。
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)124.0及び3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)29.4gに代えて、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gを用い、4,4’-オキシジアニリン(ODA)93.0gに代えて、2,2’-ジメチルビフェニル-4,4’-ジアミン(m-TB)98.6gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(A4)を得た。ポリマー(A4)の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は21,000であった。
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)124.0及び3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)29.4gに代えて、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gを用い、4,4’-オキシジアニリン(ODA)93.0gに代えて、1,4―フェニレンジアミン(pPD)49.2gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(ポリイミド前駆体A5)を得た。ポリイミド前駆体A5の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は21,000であった。
製造例4の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gに代えて、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)62gおよびピロメリット酸二無水物(PMDA)88.3gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、ポリマー(ポリイミド前駆体A6)を得た。ポリイミド前駆体A6の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は28,000であった。
ディーンスターク抽出装置を取り付け、窒素置換した三口フラスコにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(以下NMP)200gと6-(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル-3-アミン(PDPE)33.1g(0.012mol)を加え溶解させ、これに対してビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト-7-エン-2,3,5,6-テトラカルボン酸二無水物(BCD)24.8g(0.1mol)及びトルエン50.0gを加えて180℃に加熱した。ディーンスターク抽出装置に理論量の水と添加したトルエンが抽出されたことを確認した後、加熱を止め室温まで冷却した。得られた反応液を2000gのイオン交換水に滴下してポリマーを沈殿させ、濾別した後、40℃で真空乾燥して粉末状のポリマー(ポリイミド樹脂A7)を得た。ポリイミド樹脂A7の重量平均分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、Mw=14,300であった。
製造例7のNMPをGBLに変更し、PDPEの添加量を23.0g(0.083mol)に変更、BCDを4,4’-(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物(6FDA)44.4g(0.1mol)に変更した以外は製造例7と同様にして、ポリイミド樹脂A8を得た。ポリイミド樹脂A8の重量平均分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、Mw=14,000であった。
製造例7のNMPをGBLに変更し、PDPEを9,9’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)フルオレン(BAFL)30.1g(0.088mol)に変更し、BCDを1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸無水物(CBDA)19.6g(0.1mol)に変更した以外は製造例7と同様にして、ポリイミド樹脂A9を得た。ポリイミド樹脂A9の重量平均分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、Mw=29,000であった。
ディーンスターク抽出装置を取り付け、窒素置換した三口フラスコにGBL200gとPDPE33.1g(0.12mol)を加え溶解させ、これに対してBCD24.8g(0.1mol)及びトルエン50.0gを加えて180℃に加熱した。ディーンスターク抽出装置に理論量の水と添加したトルエンが抽出されたことを確認した後、加熱を止め室温まで冷却した。
ポリイミド前駆体A1を用いて以下の方法で感光性樹脂組成物を調製し、調製した組成物の評価を行った。(A)ポリイミド前駆体A1:製造例1に記載のポリイミド前駆体100g、(B)テトラゾール化合物B1:1H-テトラゾール-5-カルボン酸(Advanced ChemBlocks社製)3g、(C)光重合開始剤C1:TR-PBG-3057(TRONLY社製)3g、(E)ラジカル重合性化合物E1:NKエステル A-9300(新中村化学工業社製)10gを、(D)溶剤D1:γ-ブチロラクトン(以下ではGBLと表記、三菱ケミカル社製)80gと、溶剤D2:ジメチルスルホキシド(以下ではDMSOと表記、東レ・ファインケミカル社製)20gとの混合溶媒に溶解した。得られた溶液の粘度を、必要量のGBL:DMSO=80:20(質量比)の溶液を加えることによって約40ポイズに調整し、感光性樹脂組成物とした。該組成物を、前述の方法に従って評価した。結果を表1に示す。
溶剤以外は表1~4に示すとおりの配合比で調整し、それ以外は、実施例1と同様に溶剤に溶解し粘度を調整することで感光性樹脂組成物を調製した。そして、銅密着性と銅ボイド評価又はb-HAST試験とを行い、銅密着性と銅マイグレーション性能を評価した。その結果を表1~4に示す。表1~4に記載されている化合物はそれぞれ以下のとおりである。
A1:製造例1に記載のポリイミド前駆体
A2:製造例2に記載のポリイミド前駆体
A3:製造例3に記載のポリイミド前駆体
A4:製造例4に記載のポリイミド前駆体
A5:製造例5に記載のポリイミド前駆体
A6:製造例6に記載のポリイミド前駆体
A7:製造例7に記載のポリイミド樹脂
A8:製造例8に記載のポリイミド樹脂
A9:製造例9に記載のポリイミド樹脂
A10:製造例10に記載のポリイミド樹脂
A1’:ZCR-1797H(ビフェニル骨格を有するエポキシアクリレートの酸変性物、日本化薬社製)
B1:1H-テトラゾール-5-カルボン酸(Advanced ChemBlocks社製)
B2:1H-テトラゾール-5-カルボン酸エチル(東京化成工業社製)
B3:1H-テトラゾール-5-酢酸(東京化成工業社製)
B4:1H-テトラゾール-5-酢酸エチル(東京化成工業社製)
B5:2-(2H―テトラゾール-5―イル)ブタン二酸 (Enamine Building Blocks社製)
B6:2,2-ビス(2-2H-テトラゾール-5―イル)エチル)プロパン二酸 (Chemieliva pharmaceutical社製)
B7:4-(1H-テトラゾール-5-イル)安息香酸(東京化成工業社製)
B8:1H-テトラゾール-5-プロピオン酸(Enamine Building Blocks社製)
B1’:5-アミノ-1H-テトラゾール(東京化成工業社製)
B2’:5-フェニルテトラゾール(東京化成工業社製)
B3’:1-メチルテトラゾール(東京化成工業社製)
C1:TR-PBG3057(常州強力電子新材料社製)
C2:1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-(O-ベンゾイル)オキシム (製品名 KZ-941、常州強力電子新材料社製)
C3:エタノン,1-[9-エチル-6-(2-メチルベンゾイル)-9H-カルバゾール-3-イル]-,1-(O-アセチルオキシム) (製品名Irgacure OXE02、BASF社製)
D1:GBL(三菱ケミカル社製)
D2:DMSO(東レ・ファインケミカル社製)
E1:トリス-(2-アクリロキシエチル)イソシアヌレート (製品名 NKエステル A-9300 新中村化学工業社製)
E2:テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(商品名:NKエステル 4G、新中村化学工業社製)
E3:メトキシノナエチレングリコールモノメタクリレート(製品名 PME-400 日油株式会社製)
E4:ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート (製品名 A-TMMT 新中村化学工業社製)
E5:ジペンタエリスリトールポリアクリレート(製品名 A-DPH 新中村化学工業社製)
F1:アルキル化尿素樹脂(製品名 ニカラック MX-290 株式会社三和ケミカル社製)
F2:1,3,4,6-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)グリコールウリル(製品名 ニカラック MX-270 株式会社三和ケミカル社製)
G1:ベンゾトリアゾール(東京化成工業社製)
G2:5-カルボキシベンゾトリアゾール(東京化成工業社製)
G3:8-アザアデニン(東京化成工業社製)
J1:ジイソプロポキシチタンビス(エチルアセテート)(製品名 オルガチックス TC-750 マツモトファインケミカル社製)
K1:N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン(製品名 KBM573 信越化学工業社製)
K2:(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)-t-ブチルカルバメート(Gelest社製)
K3:2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン(東京化成工業社製)
K4:4,4-カルボニルビス(2-(((3-トリエトキシシリル)プロピル)アミノ)カルボニル)安息香酸(自社製)
K5:2-(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルカルバモイル)安息香酸(自社製)
L1:2,2’-(フェニルイミノ)ジエタノール(関東化学社製)
Claims (18)
- 以下の成分:
(A)ポリイミド前駆体及び/又はポリイミド樹脂と、
(B)テトラゾール化合物と、
(C)光重合開始剤と、
(D)溶剤と
を含む、感光性樹脂組成物であって、
前記(B)テトラゾール化合物のpKaが1.3~4.1である、感光性樹脂組成物。 - 以下の成分:
(A)ポリイミド前駆体及び/又はポリイミド樹脂と、
(B)テトラゾール化合物と、
(C)光重合開始剤と、
(D)溶剤と
を含む、感光性樹脂組成物であって、
前記(B)テトラゾール化合物が、下記一般式(1):
{式(1)中、R1は、水素原子、又は炭素数1~10のアルキル基及び炭素数6~10のアリール基からなる群から選択される1価の有機基である。前記アルキル基及び前記アリール基の水素原子は、それぞれ独立に、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシシリル基、及びアミノ基からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの置換基により置換されていても、置換されていなくてもよい。}
又は下記一般式(2):
{式(2)中、R2は、水素原子、又は炭素数1~10のアルキル基及び炭素数6~10のアリール基からなる群から選択される1価の有機基である。R3は炭素数1~10のアルキレン基である。前記アルキル基、前記アリール基及び前記アルキレン基の水素原子は、それぞれ独立に、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシシリル基、及びアミノ基からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの置換基により置換されていても、置換されていなくてもよい。}
で表される化合物を含む、感光性樹脂組成物。 - 以下の成分:
(A)ポリイミド前駆体及び/又はポリイミド樹脂と、
(B)テトラゾール化合物と、
(C)光重合開始剤と、
(D)溶剤と
を含む、感光性樹脂組成物であって、
前記(B)テトラゾール化合物の極性表面積(tPSA)が81~200である、感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記(A)成分100質量部に対する前記(B)成分の含有量が0.01~10質量部である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記(B)テトラゾール化合物が、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
{式(3)中、R4は、水素原子、又は炭素数1~10のアルキル基及び炭素数6~10のアリール基からなる群から選択される1価の有機基である。前記アルキル基及び前記アリール基の水素原子は、それぞれ独立に、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アルコキシシリル基、及びアミノ基からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの置換基により置換されていても、置換されていなくてもよい。} - 前記(B)テトラゾール化合物が、下記式で表される化合物を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- (E)ラジカル重合性化合物を更に含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記(A)成分100質量部に対する前記(E)成分の含有量が20~80質量部である、請求項7に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記感光性樹脂組成物が前記ポリイミド前駆体を含み、前記ポリイミド前駆体が、下記一般式(4):
{式(4)中、X1は四価の有機基であり、Y1は二価の有機基であり、n1は2~150の整数であり、そしてR11及びR12はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は一価の有機基である。}
で表される、かつ/又は
前記感光性樹脂組成物が前記ポリイミド樹脂を含み、前記ポリイミド樹脂が、下記一般式(4’):
{式(4’)中、X1は四価の有機基であり、Y1は二価の有機基であり、nは1~150の整数である。}
で表される構造単位を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。 - 上記一般式(4)において、R11及びR12の少なくとも一方が、下記一般式(5):
{式(5)中、L1、L2及びL3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、または炭素数1~3の一価の有機基であり、そしてm1は、2~10の整数である。}
で表される構造単位を有する、請求項9に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記一般式(4’)のX1が、下記一般式(6)~(14)で表される構造から選択される少なくとも一つであり、又は、前記一般式(4’)のY1が、下記一般式(15)~(23)で表される構造から選択される少なくとも一つである、請求項9に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- (F)熱架橋剤を更に含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- (K)接着助剤を更に含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記感光性樹脂組成物は、表面保護膜、層間絶縁膜、再配線用絶縁膜、フリップチップ装置用保護膜、又はバンプ構造を有する半導体装置の保護膜を形成するための感光性樹脂組成物である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物。
- 以下の工程:
(1)請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を基板上に塗布して、感光性樹脂層を前記基板上に形成する工程と、
(2)前記感光性樹脂層を露光する工程と、
(3)前記露光後の感光性樹脂層を現像して、レリーフパターンを形成する工程と、
(4)前記レリーフパターンを加熱処理して、硬化レリーフパターンを形成する工程と
を含む、硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法。 - 前記工程(4)の加熱処理は、350℃以下の加熱処理である、請求項15に記載の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物の硬化物を含む、硬化膜。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を硬化することを含む、ポリイミド膜の製造方法。
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