WO2024085004A1 - セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024085004A1 WO2024085004A1 PCT/JP2023/036573 JP2023036573W WO2024085004A1 WO 2024085004 A1 WO2024085004 A1 WO 2024085004A1 JP 2023036573 W JP2023036573 W JP 2023036573W WO 2024085004 A1 WO2024085004 A1 WO 2024085004A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- laser
- metal
- laser beam
- metal layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0626—Energy control of the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a ceramic-metal joint in which a metal material melted by a laser beam is directly joined to the surface of a ceramic substrate.
- Ceramic-metal joints i.e. composite materials in which ceramic and metal are integrated through a joint between the two, are useful in applications such as insulated circuit boards for mounting semiconductor elements.
- Insulated circuit boards are generally manufactured by joining a copper or aluminum metal sheet member to the surface of a ceramic substrate, and then etching away unnecessary areas of the metal sheet member to form a circuit pattern. In this case, the process of forming the circuit pattern requires steps involving the formation of a resist film, etching, and removal of the resist film, resulting in increased manufacturing load and costs.
- the "molten metal bonding method” is known as a technique for directly forming a metal layer on the surface of a ceramic plate with a layout corresponding to a specified circuit pattern.
- molten metal is solidified on the surface of a ceramic plate placed in a mold, and the layout of the metal layer to be bonded to the surface of the ceramic plate can be set by the void pattern in the mold.
- the molten metal bonding method can be applied to aluminum-based metals, it is not industrially easy to apply it to copper-based metals, which have a high melting point.
- Patent Document 1 shows an example in which a copper layer of 75 ⁇ m (Example 1) or 30 ⁇ m (Example 2) was formed on the surface of a roughened aluminum oxide plate by a plasma spraying method in which copper powder was supplied into a hot gas flow produced by a plasma burner.
- Patent Document 2 shows examples (Examples 1, 6, and 7) in which a conductive film of 50 ⁇ m to 1.5 mm in thickness was formed by spraying metals such as aluminum, nickel, copper, and stainless steel onto the surface of a ceramic substrate such as aluminum nitride using a spraying method such as arc spraying, plasma spraying, and flame spraying.
- a spraying method such as arc spraying, plasma spraying, and flame spraying.
- Brazing is a method for joining ceramic plates and metal materials by surface bonding.
- a brazing material is applied to the bonding interface between the materials to be joined.
- Typical brazing materials include silver paste and Ag-Cu alloy sheets.
- a process is required prior to brazing, such as applying the brazing material paste to the bonding surfaces of the materials to be joined, or preparing a brazing material sheet of a specified shape and placing it in a specified position between the materials to be joined. If it were possible to prepare a "brazing material integrated ceramic plate" in advance, in which a specified amount of brazing material is selectively bonded to the portion of the ceramic plate that will become the bonding surface, this would help reduce the load of the brazing process. It is not easy to form a thin brazing material layer made of a small amount of silver-based metal in a specified position on a ceramic plate using a thermal spray method.
- laser metal deposition is known as a method for coating the surface of a metal substrate with a different metal. This is a technology in which a laser beam is used to melt metal powder, which is the coating material, near the surface of the metal substrate, and the molten metal is then deposited on the metal substrate.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a powder deposition device that uses multiple laser beams simultaneously.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a coating method in which a copper build-up layer is formed on the surface of a stainless steel substrate by feeding copper powder, a coating material, into a laser beam. Specifically, an example is given in which a mixed powder made of two types of pure copper with different particle sizes is used, the focused diameter of the blue laser is set to approximately 0.5 mm, the scanning speed is 4 mm/s, and the laser output is changed in the range of 20 to 80 W to form a linear build-up layer on the surface of the target object (substrate) SUS304 (paragraphs 0054 to 0057).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic-metal bonded body using a technique that enables a metal layer to be directly bonded in the form of fine wires to the surface of a ceramic base material.
- the inventors found that by using a laser beam to sufficiently heat the surface of a ceramic substrate, it is possible to realize bonding of ceramics and metals using the laser metal deposition technique.
- the substrate is a metal, as taught in Patent Document 4, by setting conditions such that the sprayed coating metal (molten material) is preferentially melted and melting of the metal substrate (object) is minimized, the molten coating metal (molten material) adheres to the surface of the metal substrate (object) and then naturally cools and solidifies, and the surface of the metal substrate (object) can be coated with a build-up layer made of a metal film without forming a molten pool (paragraph 0034 of Patent Document 4).
- molten metal adheres relatively easily to the surface of a solid dissimilar metal.
- the substrate is a ceramic, it is difficult to bond the ceramic to the solidified coating metal under laser irradiation conditions such that the coating metal simply melts directly above the ceramic substrate.
- a method for producing a ceramic-metal bonded body comprising: irradiating a surface of a ceramic substrate with a laser beam while sweeping the surface; feeding a solid metal material toward a region on the surface of the ceramic substrate where the laser beam is irradiated (hereinafter referred to as an "irradiation area"), so that the metal material being fed is also irradiated with the laser beam; heating the surface of the ceramic substrate located in the irradiation area to melt the metal material; and depositing the molten metal material on the surface of the ceramic substrate and then solidifying it.
- the solid metal material is a powder.
- a light source selected from the group consisting of a Yb-doped solid-state laser, a Nd-doped solid-state laser, a GaN semiconductor laser, a copper vapor laser, an Ar gas laser, a N2 gas laser, and an excimer laser.
- E average irradiation energy density
- Li (i integer between 1 and n, n is the total number of laser beams used): Identification code of each laser beam used
- P Li Laser output (W) of laser beam
- D Li Irradiation spot diameter (mm) perpendicular to the sweep direction of the laser beam
- Li v laser beam sweep speed (mm/s) [9]
- E average irradiation energy density
- Li (i integer between 1 and n, n is the total number of laser beams used): Identification code of each laser beam used
- P Li Laser output (W) of laser beam
- D Li Irradiation spot diameter (mm) perpendicular to the sweep direction of the laser beam
- Li v laser beam sweep speed (mm/s)
- irradiation spot means an area on the ceramic substrate surface that is irradiated by the path of one laser beam. At least one of the laser beams used must hit the metal material being fed. For a laser beam that hits the metal material being fed, the area on the ceramic substrate surface that is irradiated when it is assumed that the laser beam reaches the ceramic substrate surface without being blocked by the metal material being fed along its path is the “irradiation spot” of that laser beam.
- Irradiation area means an area consisting of positions on the ceramic substrate surface that belong to one of the irradiation spots. When only one laser beam is used, the "irradiation area” and the “irradiation spot” necessarily coincide.
- each "irradiation spot" coincides with or is smaller than the range of the "irradiation area”, but when all the irradiation spots by each laser beam coincide, the "irradiation area” and each "irradiation spot” coincide.
- Main component means a component that is contained in a substance in a mass percentage ratio of 50% or more.
- a solid metal material whose main component is Cu means a solid metal material whose Cu content is 50% or more by mass.
- a ceramic base material whose main component is AlN means a ceramic base material whose AlN content is 50% or more by mass.
- metal materials whose main component is Cu are called “copper-based” and those whose main component is Ag are called “silver-based.”
- a ceramic-metal bonded body in which a metal layer is formed directly on the surface of a ceramic base material by the laser metal deposition method.
- the metal layer can be formed into a thin line shape, for example, with a width of 0.5 mm or less, so the present invention can be used as a method for directly forming a copper-based metal circuit pattern on an insulating substrate for mounting semiconductor elements. It can also be used as a manufacturing method for a "brazing material integrated ceramic plate" in which a silver-based brazing material is selectively bonded to a predetermined position.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of a laser metal deposition apparatus that can be used in the present invention.
- 4 is an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer obtained in Example 1, measured in the width direction by a laser microscope.
- 4 is an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer obtained in Example 2, measured in the width direction by a laser microscope.
- 1 is an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer obtained in Example 3, measured in the width direction by a laser microscope.
- 1 is an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer obtained in Example 4, measured in the width direction by a laser microscope.
- 1 is an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer obtained in Example 5, measured in the width direction by a laser microscope. Photographs illustrating the appearance of the ceramic plate after the metal layer production test of each example was performed.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a laser metal deposition apparatus that can be used in the present invention.
- a typical configuration of a two-beam irradiation type is shown here as an example, but it is also possible to adopt an apparatus that irradiates only one beam or three or more beams.
- the processing head 10 is a unit that has a means for spraying metal powder, which is a coating material, in a predetermined direction and a means for irradiating a laser beam in a predetermined direction, and is capable of moving horizontally above the ceramic substrate 1 while maintaining a predetermined distance from the surface of the ceramic substrate 1.
- the metal powder which is a coating material, is guided from a powder supply device 20 to the processing head 10 by a powder supply pipe 21, and is discharged from a powder supply nozzle 22 attached to the processing head 10 toward the surface of the ceramic substrate 1.
- the flying metal powder discharged from the powder supply nozzle 22 is indicated by the reference symbol 200 in the figure.
- the laser light generated by the laser generators 30a and 30b is guided to the processing head 10 by optical fibers 31a and 31b, respectively, and laser beams 300a and 300b are emitted in a predetermined direction from a lens (not shown) built into the processing head 10.
- the metal powder is ejected and the laser beam is emitted while the processing head 10 is moved in the direction of the arrow.
- the laser beams 300a, 300b are irradiated onto the metal powder 200 in flight, heating the solid metal powder 200, and are also irradiated onto the surface of the ceramic substrate 1, heating the irradiation area 310, which is the region on the surface of the ceramic substrate 1 that is irradiated with the laser beams.
- Most of the particles of the metal powder 200 melt during flight, but some particles may melt when they reach the irradiation area 310.
- the solid metal material that is the coating material is melted during feeding while being irradiated with the laser beam, or when it reaches the surface of the ceramic substrate. Note that the particle size of the metal powder 200 in the figure is exaggerated.
- the obtained molten metal is deposited on the surface of the ceramic substrate 1 while remaining in a molten state because the irradiation area 310 is sufficiently heated.
- it is important that the molten metal does not immediately solidify and fly off when it reaches the ceramic substrate 1, but remains in a molten state on the surface of the ceramic substrate 1 for a short time.
- the surface of the ceramic substrate 1 remains wet with the molten metal.
- the molten metal deposited on the ceramic substrate 1 solidifies after the irradiation area 310, which is swept along with the movement of the processing head 10, leaves, and a metal layer 2 is formed linearly in the area on the surface of the ceramic substrate 1 where the irradiation area 310 passed.
- This metal layer 2 is firmly bonded to the ceramic substrate 1 during the solidification process.
- a "ceramic-metal bonded body" is constructed in which the metal layer 2 is bonded to the surface of the ceramic substrate 1. If the irradiation area 310 is swept across the ceramic substrate 1 in a direction perpendicular to the sweep, a planar metal layer 2 can also be formed.
- the space between the processing head 10 and the ceramic substrate 1 where the molten metal is generated, and the surface of the ceramic substrate 1 including the irradiation area 310 are preferably shielded with an inert gas such as Ar to prevent oxidation of the metal.
- an inert gas such as Ar
- the gas shielding mechanism is not shown in FIG. 1, for example, a mechanism can be adopted in which a sleeve surrounding each laser beam and the powder feed nozzle 22 is provided at the bottom of the processing head 10 so that the bottom end does not come into contact with the ceramic substrate 1, a shielding gas is supplied from the processing head 10 into the sleeve, and the shielding gas discharged from the bottom end of the sleeve is sprayed onto the surface region including the irradiation area 310 of the ceramic substrate 1.
- irradiation area 310 is formed by a common irradiation spot created by two laser beams 300a, 300b, but other irradiation methods may be used, for example, by adjusting the focus of some of the multiple laser beams to aim at a position where the powder in flight is likely to melt, and adjusting the focus of the other laser beams so that the surface of ceramic substrate 1 is heated most efficiently.
- a method is shown in which metal powder is sprayed from powder delivery nozzle 22 as a method of delivering the solid metal coating material, but it is also possible to employ a method of delivering, for example, a wire instead of powder.
- the raw solid metal material used as the coating material can be one mainly composed of elements such as Cu, Ag, Ti, Ni, Al, Fe, Au, and Pt.
- a method for directly bonding metals mainly composed of these elements in the form of thin wires to a ceramic substrate has not been established so far.
- copper-based metals are widely used as circuit metals for insulating circuit boards, and silver-based metals are widely used as brazing materials, so that when applying to such applications, it is sufficient to use one mainly composed of Cu or Ag. More specifically, it is preferable to use pure copper with a Cu content of 99.9 mass % or more as the copper-based metal for the circuits.
- the silver-based metal for the brazing material is preferably an Ag-Cu-based near-eutectic composition. More preferably, it contains 0.5 to 5 mass% Ti as an active metal.
- a brazing material made of an Ag-Cu-Ti alloy with 23 to 33 mass% Cu, 0.5 to 5 mass% Ti, and the remainder Ag can be used.
- various Ag brazing materials specified in JIS Z3261:1998 can be used.
- powder with a cumulative 50% particle diameter D50 in the volume-based particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction/scattering method of, for example, 5 to 100 ⁇ m can be used, and powder in the range of 10 to 30 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- a mixed powder in which two or more types of metal powders are mixed in a specified ratio may also be used.
- Ceramic substrates can be made of various materials, such as those mainly composed of aluminum nitride (AlN), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
- AlN aluminum nitride
- Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- a ceramic plate with a thickness of, for example, about 0.25 to 1.0 mm can be used.
- laser In the present invention, solid metal materials of various metals including copper and silver are melted by the energy of a laser beam.
- a metal material containing Cu it is effective to use a laser with a wavelength of 600 nm or less.
- a representative laser with a wavelength of 600 nm or less is a blue laser with a wavelength of about 450 nm.
- the energy of the laser beam applied to the irradiation area on the ceramic substrate surface is sufficient if it is strong enough to realize the deposition of the molten metal, but more specifically, when the coating metal is mainly composed of Cu and the ceramic substrate is mainly composed of AlN, it is effective to use one or more laser beams to set the average irradiation energy density E expressed by the following formula (1) to 80 to 160 J/mm 2. Also, when the coating metal is mainly composed of Ag and the ceramic substrate is mainly composed of AlN or Si 3 N 4 , it is effective to use one or more laser beams to set the average irradiation energy density E expressed by the following formula (1) to 25 to 160 J/mm 2 .
- the trajectory through which the center point of the irradiation spot passes on the ceramic substrate surface is called the "sweep axis"
- the above E is called the "average irradiation energy density E". Since the laser beam hits the coating metal being fed on the way to the irradiation spot on the ceramic substrate surface, a part of the laser output P L1 is consumed for heating and melting the coating metal.
- the average irradiation energy density E can be considered as a value obtained by converting the laser output P L1 distributed between the portion irradiated to the coating metal and the portion directly irradiated to the ceramic substrate surface into the average energy irradiated per unit area of the irradiation spot passing region on the ceramic substrate surface in one second.
- the average irradiation energy density E can be considered as the sum of the individual average irradiation energy densities E imparted to the irradiation area by the irradiation spots of each laser beam, as expressed by the above formula (2).
- the coating metal is mainly composed of Cu and the ceramic substrate is mainly composed of AlN, it is preferable to use a single or multiple laser beams to set the average irradiation energy density E of the above formula (1) to 80 J/mm 2 or more, and more preferably to set it to 90 J/mm 2 or more.
- the coating metal is mainly composed of Ag (for example, Ag-Cu-based brazing material such as Ag-Cu-Ti alloy)
- the ceramic substrate is mainly composed of AlN or Si 3 N 4
- the ceramic substrate is mainly composed of AlN, it is more preferable to set it to 50 J/mm 2 or more, and even more preferable to set it to 60 J/mm 2 or more.
- the average irradiation energy density E is large, the ceramic substrate is easily damaged.
- the average irradiation energy density E is preferably set in the range of 160 J/mm 2 or less, and more preferably set in the range of 120 J/mm 2 or less.
- the amount of metal material fed per unit time needs to be adjusted according to the irradiation conditions of the laser beam so that the fed metal material is sufficiently melted.
- an aluminum nitride (AlN) plate (manufactured by TD Power Materials Co., Ltd.) measuring 30 mm square and 1 mm thick, and a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) plate (manufactured by Maruwa Co., Ltd.) measuring 30 mm square and 1 mm thick were prepared.
- copper powder manufactured by Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd.
- an Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder manufactured by High Purity Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.
- a composition of Ag: 70.92 mass%, Cu: 27.58 mass%, Ti: 1.50 mass% were prepared.
- the aluminum nitride plate or silicon nitride plate (hereinafter, these may be simply referred to as “ceramic plate”) was fixed on a horizontal board with one surface facing vertically upward, and the processing head (10 in FIG. 1) of the laser metal deposition device was moved horizontally (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1) at a constant speed to melt the copper powder or Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder (hereinafter, these may be simply referred to as "metal powder”) as follows. Blue lasers were generated by two laser generators (30a, 30b in FIG. 1) of the laser metal deposition device, and two laser beams were irradiated from the processing head toward the surface of the ceramic plate (1 in FIG. 1), while the metal powder contained in the powder supply device (20 in FIG.
- the two laser beams were irradiated so that the respective irradiation spots formed on the ceramic plate surface were aligned. That is, the irradiation area formed by the two laser beams (reference numeral 310 in FIG. 1) was the same size as each irradiation spot. In addition, the irradiation spots of each laser beam were circular.
- the metal powder which is the coating material, was discharged and fed in the direction toward the irradiation area, and at least one of the two laser beams was struck on the metal powder being fed, so that almost all of the metal powder being fed was melted by the time it reached the irradiation area.
- a sleeve surrounding each laser beam and the powder feed nozzle was provided so that its bottom end was about 5 mm from the surface of the ceramic plate, and Ar gas was constantly supplied from the processing head into the sleeve as a shielding gas during laser beam irradiation, and the Ar gas discharged from the bottom end of the sleeve was sprayed onto the surface area including the irradiation area of the ceramic plate.
- the formation of the metal layer was evaluated according to the following criteria, with a rating of ⁇ being judged as passing.
- ⁇ A linear metal layer was bonded to the surface of the ceramic plate.
- ⁇ Linear metal solidification was formed on the surface of the ceramic plate, but did not result in bonding with the ceramic plate.
- ⁇ The molten metal was scattered on the surface of the ceramic plate, and no linear metal solidification was formed.
- the aluminum nitride plate was used as the ceramic plate.
- a blue laser with a wavelength of 450 nm was used for both beams 1 and 2, and the laser output was 40 W and the irradiation spot diameter was 0.26 mm.
- the copper powder was fed at a feed rate of 10 mg/s, and the sweep speed of the irradiation spot was 5.0 mm/s.
- the flow rate of the shielding gas was 10 L/min.
- the average irradiation energy density E calculated by the above formula (1-2) was 61.5 J/ mm2 . Under these conditions, the molten metal did not adhere to the ceramic plate, and linear metal solidification was not formed (evaluated as x).
- Comparative Example 2 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1, except that the laser output for both Beams 1 and 2 was 45 W. The average irradiation energy density E was 69.2 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal did not adhere to the ceramic plate, and linear metal solidification was not formed (evaluated as x).
- Example 1 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1, except that the laser output for both Beams 1 and 2 was 55 W. The average irradiation energy density E was 84.6 J/ mm2 . Under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- Figure 2 shows an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope.
- Example 2 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1, except that the laser output for both Beams 1 and 2 was 60 W. The average irradiation energy density E was 92.3 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- Figure 3 shows an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope.
- the line width roughly corresponds to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 180 ⁇ m.
- the shear strength was examined by the following method.
- Method of measuring shear strength The ceramic-metal bonded body was cut into an evaluation sample with a width of 10 mm perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the linear metal layer of the ceramic-metal bonded body.
- the evaluation sample was attached to a shear tester (model: SPST2000N) manufactured by Adwells Co., Ltd., and the shear strength was measured by applying an external force to the linear metal layer in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the linear metal layer and parallel to the ceramic surface with a shear tool at a feed rate of 0.25 mm/sec.
- the shear strength was 26.6 MPa.
- Example 3 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1, except that the laser output for both Beams 1 and 2 was 65 W. The average irradiation energy density E was 100.0 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal could be sufficiently adhered to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ). When the shear strength of the ceramic-metal bonded body in which the linear metal layer was bonded under the same conditions as in this example was examined by the above-mentioned method, the shear strength was 38.1 MPa.
- Figure 4 shows an example of the height profile of the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope.
- the line width roughly corresponds to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 206 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1, except that the laser output for both Beams 1 and 2 was 70 W. The average irradiation energy density E was 107.7 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- Figure 5 shows an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope.
- the line width roughly corresponds to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 215 ⁇ m.
- Example 5 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1, except that the laser output for both Beams 1 and 2 was 75 W. The average irradiation energy density E was 115.4 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- Figure 6 shows an example of a height profile of the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope.
- the line width roughly corresponds to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 206 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 The silicon nitride plate was used as the ceramic plate.
- a blue laser with a wavelength of 450 nm was used for both beams 1 and 2, and the laser output was 20 W and the irradiation spot diameter was 0.26 mm.
- the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder was fed at a feed rate of 10 mg/s, and the sweep speed of the irradiation spot was 5.0 mm/s.
- the flow rate of the shielding gas was 10 L/min.
- the average irradiation energy density E calculated by the above formula (1-2) was 30.8 J/ mm2 . Under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 94 ⁇ m.
- Example 7 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Example 6, except that the laser output for both beams 1 and 2 was 25 W. The average irradiation energy density E was 38.5 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ). Regarding the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 117 ⁇ m.
- Example 8 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Example 6, except that the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder was fed at a feed rate of 5 mg/s. The average irradiation energy density E was 30.8 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ). Regarding the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 83 ⁇ m.
- Example 9 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Example 6, except that the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder was fed at a feed rate of 12.5 mg/s. The average irradiation energy density E was 30.8 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ). Regarding the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 110 ⁇ m.
- Example 10 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Example 6, except that the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder was fed at a feed rate of 15 mg/s. The average irradiation energy density E was 30.8 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ). Regarding the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 107 ⁇ m.
- Example 11 Except for the laser output of both beams 1 and 2 being 40 W and the supply rate of the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder being 15 mg/s, the formation of a metal layer was attempted under the same conditions as in Example 6.
- the average irradiation energy density E was 61.5 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal could be sufficiently adhered to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- the shear strength of the ceramic-metal bonded body in which the linear metal layer was bonded under the same conditions as in this example was examined in the same manner as in Example 2, the shear strength was 92.0 MPa or more.
- the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 167 ⁇ m.
- Example 12 A metal layer was formed under the same conditions as in Example 6, except that the laser output for both beams 1 and 2 was set to 35 W and the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder was fed at a feed rate of 12.5 mg/s. The average irradiation energy density E was 53.8 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal could be sufficiently adhered to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ). When the shear strength of the ceramic-metal bonded body in which the linear metal layer was bonded under the same conditions as in this example was examined in the same manner as in Example 2, the shear strength was 42.2 MPa or more.
- the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 165 ⁇ m.
- Example 13 The aluminum nitride plate was used as the ceramic plate.
- a blue laser with a wavelength of 450 nm was used for both beams 1 and 2, and the laser output was 45 W and the irradiation spot diameter was 0.26 mm.
- the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder was fed at a feed rate of 5 mg/s, and the sweep speed of the irradiation spot was 5.0 mm/s.
- the flow rate of the shielding gas was 10 L/min.
- the average irradiation energy density E calculated by the above formula (1-2) was 69.2 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 74 ⁇ m.
- Example 14 An attempt was made to form a metal layer under the same conditions as in Example 13, except that the laser output for both beams 1 and 2 was 55 W. The average irradiation energy density E was 84.6 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ). Regarding the linear metal layer bonded to the ceramic plate obtained in this example, the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 60 ⁇ m.
- Example 15 A metal layer was formed under the same conditions as in Example 13, except that the laser output for both beams 1 and 2 was set to 50 W and the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder was fed at a feed rate of 10 mg/s. The average irradiation energy density E was 76.9 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 64 ⁇ m.
- Example 16 A metal layer was formed under the same conditions as in Example 13, except that the laser output for both beams 1 and 2 was set to 55 W and the Ag-Cu-Ti alloy powder was fed at a feed rate of 7.5 mg/s. The average irradiation energy density E was 84.6 J/ mm2 . Even under these conditions, the molten metal was able to sufficiently adhere to the ceramic plate, and the linear metal layer was bonded to the ceramic plate (evaluated as ⁇ ).
- the height profile measured in the width direction of the linear metal layer using a laser microscope showed that the line width roughly corresponded to the diameter of the irradiation area of the laser beam, and the thickness (top height) of the metal layer was approximately 73 ⁇ m.
- FIG 7 shows photographs of the appearance of the ceramic plates after conducting the metal layer production tests for each example.
- the ceramic plate on the left shows the results of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, and Example 1, while the ceramic plate on the right shows the results of Examples 2, 3, 4, and 5.
- the numbers (watts) written on the plates are the total laser output (W) of Beams 1 and 2.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、セラミックス基材の表面に、金属の層を細線形状で直接接合することが可能な技術によってセラミックス-金属接合体を提供することを目的とする。
[2]前記固体金属材料が粉体である、上記[1]に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
[3]前記固体金属材料がCu、Ag、Ti、Ni、Al、Fe、Au、Ptのいずれかを主成分とするものである、上記[1]または[2]に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
[4]前記固体金属材料がCuまたはAgを主成分とするものである、上記[1]または[2]に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
[5]単数または複数のレーザービームを使用し、送給中の前記金属材料に照射されるレーザービームのうち少なくとも1つを波長600nm以下のものとする、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
[6]単数または複数のレーザービームを使用し、送給中の前記金属材料に照射されるレーザービームのうち少なくとも1つが、Ybドープ固体レーザー、Ndドープ固体レーザー、GaN半導体レーザー、銅蒸気レーザー、Arガスレーザー、N2ガスレーザー、エキシマレーザーのいずれかを光源とするものである、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
[7]前記固体金属材料がCuを主成分とするものであり、前記セラミックス基材がAlNを主成分とするものである、上記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
[8]単数または複数のレーザービームを使用し、下記(1)式で表される平均照射エネルギー密度Eが80~160J/mm2となるようにレーザービームをセラミックス基材表面に照射する、上記[7]に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
E=(PL1/DL1+PL2/DL2+・・・+PLn/DLn)/v …(1)
ここで、
E:平均照射エネルギー密度E(J/mm2)
符号Li(i=1以上n以下の整数、nは使用するレーザービームの総数):使用する個々のレーザービームの識別符号
PLi:レーザービームLiのレーザー出力(W)
DLi:レーザービームLiの掃引方向に対して直角方向の照射スポット径(mm)
v:レーザービームの掃引速度(mm/s)
[9]前記固体金属材料がAgを主成分とするものであり、前記セラミックス基材がAlNまたはSi3N4を主成分とするものである、上記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
[10]単数または複数のレーザービームを使用し、下記(1)式で表される平均照射エネルギー密度Eが25~160J/mm2となるようにレーザービームをセラミックス基材表面に照射する、上記[9]に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
E=(PL1/DL1+PL2/DL2+・・・+PLn/DLn)/v …(1)
ここで、
E:平均照射エネルギー密度E(J/mm2)
符号Li(i=1以上n以下の整数、nは使用するレーザービームの総数):使用する個々のレーザービームの識別符号
PLi:レーザービームLiのレーザー出力(W)
DLi:レーザービームLiの掃引方向に対して直角方向の照射スポット径(mm)
v:レーザービームの掃引速度(mm/s)
被覆材として使用する原料の固体金属材料としては、Cu、Ag、Ti、Ni、Al、Fe、Au、Ptなどの元素を主成分とするものが使用できる。これらの元素を主成分とする金属を細線形状でセラミックス基板上に直接接合する手法は、これまで確立されていなかった。特に銅系の金属は絶縁回路基板の回路用金属として広く使用され、また銀系の金属はろう材として広く使用されていることから、そのような用途に適用する場合はCuまたはAgを主成分とするものを使用すればよい。
より具体的には、回路用の銅系の金属としては、Cu含有量が99.9質量%以上の純銅を適用することが好ましい。
ろう材用の銀系の金属としては、Ag-Cu系の共晶近傍組成のものが好ましい。活性金属としてTiを0.5~5質量%含むものがより好ましい。例えば、Cu:23~33質量%、Ti:0.5~5質量%、残部がAgであるAg-Cu-Ti合金のろう材を挙げることができる。その他、JIS Z3261:1998に規定される各種Agろうを適用することができる。
セラミックス基材としては種々の材質のものが適用対象となる。例えば、窒化アルミニウム(AlN)を主成分とするもの、窒化ケイ素(Si3N4)を主成分とするもの、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)を主成分とするものなどが挙げられる。絶縁回路基板を構築する場合は、厚さが例えば0.25~1.0mm程度のセラミックス板を使用すればよい。
本発明ではレーザービームのエネルギーによって銅系、銀系をはじめとする各種金属の固体金属材料を溶融させる。Cuを含有する金属材料を適用する場合、波長600nm以下のレーザーを使用することが効果的である。複数のレーザービームを使用する場合は、そのうちの少なくとも1つを波長600nm以下のレーザーとすることが望ましい。波長600nm以下の代表的なレーザーとして、波長が450nm付近である青色レーザーを挙げることができる。
本発明では、セラミックスと金属を接合するために、溶融金属をセラミックス表面に被着させること、すなわちセラミックス表面が溶融金属で濡れた状態を作ることが重要である。セラミックスは高融点の無機化合物を主体とする物質であり、これは金属とは異質の物質であることから、短い時間であっても、セラミックス基材の表面が溶融金属と濡れた状態を経なければ、セラミックス基材と凝固後の金属との接合を実現することは難しい。溶射法であれば、セラミックス基材の表面に吹き付けられる溶融金属の量が多く、またプラズマ等によりセラミックス基材に付与される熱量も多いことから、セラミックスと溶融金属の濡れは確保しやすい。これに対し、レーザーのエネルギーで幅が例えば0.5mm以下といった細線形状の金属層を形成するに足る少量の金属を溶融させる場合には、溶融金属はセラミックス基材表面に到達した時点で直ちに凝固しやすいという問題がある。そこで検討の結果、レーザービームをセラミックス基材の表面に意図的に照射して、その照射エリアを十分に加熱することで、溶融金属をセラミックス表面に被着させることが可能となり、セラミックス基材と細線形状の金属層との接合を実現できることが確認された。
E=(PL1/DL1+PL2/DL2+・・・+PLn/DLn)/v …(1)
ここで、
E:平均照射エネルギー密度E(J/mm2)
符号Li(i=1以上n以下の整数、nは使用するレーザービームの総数):使用する個々のレーザービームの識別符号
PLi:レーザービームLiのレーザー出力(W)
DLi:レーザービームLiの掃引方向に対して直角方向の照射スポット径(mm)
v:レーザービームの掃引速度(mm/s)
E=PL1/(DL1×v)+PL2/(DL2×v)+・・・+PLn/(DLn×v) ………(2)
ここで、レーザービームを1本だけ使用する場合を例に挙げると、上記(2)式は下記(2-1)式として表される。
E=PL1/(DL1×v) …(2-1)
分子のPL1は、レーザー出力(W)であり、これは1秒あたりのエネルギー(単位;[J/s])に相当する。分母のDL1×vは、1秒あたりのビーム掃引面積(単位;[mm]・[mm/s]=[mm2/s])を表す項である。セラミックス基材表面上で照射スポットの中心点が通過した軌跡を「掃引軸」と呼ぶとき、照射スポットが1秒間に通過した領域の中でも、掃引軸に近い位置ほど照射スポットが通過する時間が長くなるので付与されるエネルギーは高くなる。したがって、上記(2-1)式で表されるE(単位;[J/s]/[mm2/s]=[J/mm2])は、単位面積あたりに1秒間で照射される平均的なエネルギーを表す指標であると考えることができる。そこで本発明では上記Eを「平均照射エネルギー密度E」と呼んでいる。レーザービームはセラミックス基材表面の照射スポットに届く途中で送給中の被覆材金属にも当たるので、レーザー出力PL1の一部は被覆材金属の加熱・溶融に消費される。上記の平均照射エネルギー密度Eは、被覆材金属への照射分とセラミックス基材表面への直接的照射分とに分配されるレーザー出力PL1を、セラミックス基材表面上の照射スポット通過領域の単位面積あたりに1秒間で照射される平均エネルギーに換算した値であると捉えることができる。
E=(PL1/DL1+PL2/DL2)/v …(1-2)
E:平均照射エネルギー密度(J/mm2)
PL1、PL2:それぞれビーム1、2のレーザー出力(W)
DL1、DL2:それぞれビーム1、2の照射スポット径(mm)
v:レーザービームの掃引速度(mm/s)
○:セラミックス板表面に線状の金属層が接合された。
△:セラミックス板表面で線状の金属凝固物が形成されたが、セラミックス板との接合には至らなかった。
×:セラミックス板表面で溶融金属が飛び散り、線状の金属凝固物が形成されなかった。
セラミックス板として前記窒化アルミニウム板を使用した。ビーム1、2ともに波長450nmの青色レーザーを使用し、いずれもレーザー出力を40W、照射スポット径を0.26mmとした。上記の銅粉を供給速度10mg/sで送給し、照射スポットの掃引速度を5.0mm/sとした。シールドガスの流量は10L/minである。上記(1-2)式により算出される平均照射エネルギー密度Eは61.5J/mm2である。
この条件では溶融金属がセラミックス板に被着せず、線状の金属凝固物が形成されなかった(×評価)。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を45Wとしたことを除き、比較例1と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは69.2J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属がセラミックス板に被着せず、線状の金属凝固物が形成されなかった(×評価)。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を50Wとしたことを除き、比較例1と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは76.9J/mm2である。
この条件では溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができなかったと考えられ、線状の金属凝固物は形成されたが、セラミックス板との接合には至らなかった(△評価)。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を55Wとしたことを除き、比較例1と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは84.6J/mm2である。
この条件では溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を60Wとしたことを除き、比較例1と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは92.3J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
(シェア強度の測定方法)
セラミックス-金属接合体の線状金属層の長さ方向に対して垂直に、セラミックス-金属接合体を幅10mmで切断して評価サンプルとした。株式会社アドウェルズ製シェアテスター(型式:SPST2000N)に評価サンプルを取り付け、シェアツールにより送り速度0.25mm/秒にて線状金属層の長さ方向に対して直角方向かつセラミックス表面に平行方向の外力を線状金属層に負荷する方法でシェア強度を測定した。
その結果、シェア強度は26.6MPaであった。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を65Wとしたことを除き、比較例1と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは100.0J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。本例と同条件で線状金属層を接合させたセラミックス-金属接合体について、上記の方法でシェア強度を調べたところ、シェア強度は38.1MPaであった。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を70Wとしたことを除き、比較例1と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは107.7J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を75Wとしたことを除き、比較例1と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは115.4J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
セラミックス板として前記窒化ケイ素板を使用した。ビーム1、2ともに波長450nmの青色レーザーを使用し、いずれもレーザー出力を20W、照射スポット径を0.26mmとした。上記のAg-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度10mg/sで送給し、照射スポットの掃引速度を5.0mm/sとした。シールドガスの流量は10L/minである。上記(1-2)式により算出される平均照射エネルギー密度Eは30.8J/mm2である。
この条件で溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約94μmであった。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を25Wとしたことを除き、実施例6と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは38.5J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約117μmであった。
Ag-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度5mg/sで送給としたことを除き、実施例6と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは30.8J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約83μmであった。
Ag-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度12.5mg/sで送給としたことを除き、実施例6と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは30.8J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約110μmであった。
Ag-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度15mg/sで送給としたことを除き、実施例6と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは30.8J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約107μmであった。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を40Wとし、Ag-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度15mg/sで送給としたことを除き、実施例6と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは61.5J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。本例と同条件で線状金属層を接合させたセラミックス-金属接合体について、実施例2と同様の方法でシェア強度を調べたところ、シェア強度は92.0MPa以上であった。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約167μmであった。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を35Wとし、Ag-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度12.5mg/sで送給としたことを除き、実施例6と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは53.8J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。本例と同条件で線状金属層を接合させたセラミックス-金属接合体について、実施例2と同様の方法でシェア強度を調べたところ、シェア強度は42.2MPa以上であった。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約165μmであった。
セラミックス板として前記窒化アルミニウム板を使用した。ビーム1、2ともに波長450nmの青色レーザーを使用し、いずれもレーザー出力を45W、照射スポット径を0.26mmとした。上記のAg-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度5mg/sで送給し、照射スポットの掃引速度を5.0mm/sとした。シールドガスの流量は10L/minである。上記(1-2)式により算出される平均照射エネルギー密度Eは69.2J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約74μmであった。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を55Wとしたことを除き、実施例13と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは84.6J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約60μmであった。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を50Wとし、Ag-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度10mg/sで送給としたことを除き、実施例13と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは76.9J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約64μmであった。
ビーム1、2ともにレーザー出力を55Wとし、Ag-Cu-Ti合金粉を供給速度7.5mg/sで送給としたことを除き、実施例13と同様の条件で金属層の形成を試みた。平均照射エネルギー密度Eは84.6J/mm2である。
この条件でも溶融金属をセラミックス板に十分に被着させることができ、線状金属層がセラミックス板に接合されていた(○評価)。
本例で得られた、セラミックス板上に接合されている線状金属層について、レーザー顕微鏡により線状金属層の幅方向に測定した高さプロファイルによれば、線幅はレーザービームの照射エリア径に概ね対応しており、金属層の厚さ(頂部高さ)は約73μmであった。
2 金属層
10 プロセシング・ヘッド
20 粉体供給装置
21 粉体供給管
22 粉体送給ノズル
30a、30b レーザー発生装置
31a、31b 光ファイバー
200 金属粉体
300a、300b レーザービーム
310 照射エリア
Claims (10)
- レーザービームをセラミックス基材表面に掃引させながら照射するとともに、前記セラミックス基材の表面上のレーザービームが照射される領域(以下「照射エリア」という。)に向けて固体金属材料を送給して、送給中の前記金属材料にもレーザービームが照射される状態とし、前記照射エリアに位置するセラミックス基材表面を加熱しながら前記金属材料を溶融させ、溶融した金属材料をセラミックス基材表面に被着させたのち凝固させる、セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
- 前記固体金属材料が粉体である、請求項1に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
- 前記固体金属材料がCu、Ag、Ti、Ni、Al、Fe、Au、Ptのいずれかを主成分とするものである、請求項1に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
- 前記固体金属材料がCuまたはAgを主成分とするものである、請求項1に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
- 単数または複数のレーザービームを使用し、送給中の前記金属材料に照射されるレーザービームのうち少なくとも1つを波長600nm以下のものとする、請求項1に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
- 単数または複数のレーザービームを使用し、送給中の前記金属材料に照射されるレーザービームのうち少なくとも1つが、Ybドープ固体レーザー、Ndドープ固体レーザー、GaN半導体レーザー、銅蒸気レーザー、Arガスレーザー、N2ガスレーザー、エキシマレーザーのいずれかを光源とするものである、請求項1に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
- 前記固体金属材料がCuを主成分とするものであり、前記セラミックス基材がAlNを主成分とするものである、請求項1に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
- 単数または複数のレーザービームを使用し、下記(1)式で表される平均照射エネルギー密度Eが80~160J/mm2となるようにレーザービームをセラミックス基材表面に照射する、請求項7に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
E=(PL1/DL1+PL2/DL2+・・・+PLn/DLn)/v …(1)
ここで、
E:平均照射エネルギー密度E(J/mm2)
符号Li(i=1以上n以下の整数、nは使用するレーザービームの総数):使用する個々のレーザービームの識別符号
PLi:レーザービームLiのレーザー出力(W)
DLi:レーザービームLiの掃引方向に対して直角方向の照射スポット径(mm)
v:レーザービームの掃引速度(mm/s) - 前記固体金属材料がAgを主成分とするものであり、前記セラミックス基材がAlNまたはSi3N4を主成分とするものである、請求項1に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
- 単数または複数のレーザービームを使用し、下記(1)式で表される平均照射エネルギー密度Eが25~160J/mm2となるようにレーザービームをセラミックス基材表面に照射する、請求項9に記載のセラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法。
E=(PL1/DL1+PL2/DL2+・・・+PLn/DLn)/v …(1)
ここで、
E:平均照射エネルギー密度E(J/mm2)
符号Li(i=1以上n以下の整数、nは使用するレーザービームの総数):使用する個々のレーザービームの識別符号
PLi:レーザービームLiのレーザー出力(W)
DLi:レーザービームLiの掃引方向に対して直角方向の照射スポット径(mm)
v:レーザービームの掃引速度(mm/s)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020257001165A KR20250022193A (ko) | 2022-10-20 | 2023-10-06 | 세라믹-금속 접합체의 제조 방법 |
| CN202380053998.9A CN119654211A (zh) | 2022-10-20 | 2023-10-06 | 陶瓷-金属接合体的制造方法 |
| DE112023002699.8T DE112023002699T5 (de) | 2022-10-20 | 2023-10-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines keramik-metall-verbundobjekts |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022168200A JP2024060734A (ja) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法 |
| JP2022-168200 | 2022-10-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024085004A1 true WO2024085004A1 (ja) | 2024-04-25 |
Family
ID=90737446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2023/036573 Ceased WO2024085004A1 (ja) | 2022-10-20 | 2023-10-06 | セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2024060734A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20250022193A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN119654211A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112023002699T5 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2024085004A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025249310A1 (ja) * | 2024-05-29 | 2025-12-04 | Dowaホールディングス株式会社 | セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法および接合体 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0192381A (ja) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-11 | Inoue Japax Res Inc | マイクロ溶着 |
| JPH05335725A (ja) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-17 | Kusuo Sato | レーザ光線照射による電気回路形成方法 |
| JPH0970676A (ja) * | 1995-09-07 | 1997-03-18 | Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Ltd | クラッド材及びその製造方法 |
| JP2001205478A (ja) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-07-31 | Asahi Tec Corp | 多元共晶組織を有する金属 |
| JP2006038999A (ja) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | レーザ照射を用いた導電性回路形成方法と導電性回路 |
| JP2022095671A (ja) * | 2014-08-27 | 2022-06-28 | ヌブル インク | 可視ラマンレーザーを用いた材料加工のための用途、方法、及びシステム |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4210900A1 (de) | 1992-04-02 | 1993-10-14 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines haftfesten Verbundes zwischen Kupferschichten und Keramik |
| JP4140593B2 (ja) | 2004-09-21 | 2008-08-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | メタライズ基板 |
| ES2927973T3 (es) | 2016-03-31 | 2022-11-14 | Muratani Machine Inc | Aparato de mecanizado por láser y procedimiento de mecanizado por láser |
| JP7504363B2 (ja) | 2020-06-30 | 2024-06-24 | 大阪富士工業株式会社 | コーティング方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-10-20 JP JP2022168200A patent/JP2024060734A/ja active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-10-06 DE DE112023002699.8T patent/DE112023002699T5/de active Pending
- 2023-10-06 KR KR1020257001165A patent/KR20250022193A/ko active Pending
- 2023-10-06 WO PCT/JP2023/036573 patent/WO2024085004A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-06 CN CN202380053998.9A patent/CN119654211A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0192381A (ja) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-11 | Inoue Japax Res Inc | マイクロ溶着 |
| JPH05335725A (ja) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-17 | Kusuo Sato | レーザ光線照射による電気回路形成方法 |
| JPH0970676A (ja) * | 1995-09-07 | 1997-03-18 | Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Ltd | クラッド材及びその製造方法 |
| JP2001205478A (ja) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-07-31 | Asahi Tec Corp | 多元共晶組織を有する金属 |
| JP2006038999A (ja) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | レーザ照射を用いた導電性回路形成方法と導電性回路 |
| JP2022095671A (ja) * | 2014-08-27 | 2022-06-28 | ヌブル インク | 可視ラマンレーザーを用いた材料加工のための用途、方法、及びシステム |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025249310A1 (ja) * | 2024-05-29 | 2025-12-04 | Dowaホールディングス株式会社 | セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法および接合体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024060734A (ja) | 2024-05-07 |
| KR20250022193A (ko) | 2025-02-14 |
| CN119654211A (zh) | 2025-03-18 |
| DE112023002699T5 (de) | 2025-04-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7170028B1 (en) | Continuous metal matrix composite consolidation | |
| KR102267761B1 (ko) | 그레이딩된 중간층을 갖는 스퍼터링 타깃 조립체 및 제조 방법 | |
| JP5611593B2 (ja) | アモルファス金属の製品を製造する方法 | |
| TWI292355B (ja) | ||
| EP0875331B1 (en) | Method of bonding an electronic part to a substrate. | |
| US7476422B2 (en) | Copper circuit formed by kinetic spray | |
| US20180229332A1 (en) | Foil-based additive manufacturing system and method | |
| KR20170008768A (ko) | 레이저 유도 순방향 전송에 의한 3d 구조의 인쇄 | |
| DE19740205A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Beschichtung mittels Plasmaspritzens | |
| CN104704931B (zh) | 电气部件和制造电气部件的方法和系统 | |
| JPS62250162A (ja) | 貴金属被覆方法 | |
| WO2024085004A1 (ja) | セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法 | |
| Brandt et al. | Laser cladding with a pulsed Nd: YAG laser and optical fibers | |
| US20170246698A1 (en) | Method of selective laser brazing | |
| Volpp et al. | Powder particle attachment mechanisms onto liquid material | |
| JP2021186867A (ja) | 電気・電子機器用部品 | |
| CN101218040A (zh) | 采用激光器对浆料涂层进行选择性区域熔合 | |
| JP2024124718A (ja) | セラミックス-金属接合体およびその製造方法 | |
| WO2025249310A1 (ja) | セラミックス-金属接合体の製造方法および接合体 | |
| JP2021074773A (ja) | 付加製造による結合した鋼およびチタン | |
| JP2023529317A (ja) | 高分解能ソルダリング | |
| CN111545755A (zh) | 一种紫外激光3d打印铜和铜合金的方法及其装置 | |
| JP2025534056A (ja) | 塗布装置でもっての、セラミックまたは鉱物の基板上での、金属材料の堆積のための方法 | |
| JPS62253778A (ja) | 銅系部材の貴金属被覆方法 | |
| JP7442238B1 (ja) | ろう材及びろう付用部材、並びにそれらの製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23879649 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20257001165 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020257001165 Country of ref document: KR |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202380053998.9 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020257001165 Country of ref document: KR |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 112023002699 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 202380053998.9 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 112023002699 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 23879649 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |