WO2024080872A1 - Strained bicyclononenes - Google Patents
Strained bicyclononenes Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024080872A1 WO2024080872A1 PCT/NL2023/050532 NL2023050532W WO2024080872A1 WO 2024080872 A1 WO2024080872 A1 WO 2024080872A1 NL 2023050532 W NL2023050532 W NL 2023050532W WO 2024080872 A1 WO2024080872 A1 WO 2024080872A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C62/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C62/30—Unsaturated compounds
- C07C62/32—Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/74—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C69/757—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with hetero atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/94—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom spiro-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems, e.g. griseofulvins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D313/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings of more than six members having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D313/02—Seven-membered rings
- C07D313/06—Seven-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/26—Acyclic or carbocyclic radicals, substituted by hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
- C07C2602/36—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having more than two atoms in common
- C07C2602/46—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having more than two atoms in common the bicyclo ring system containing nine carbon atoms
Definitions
- Background between dienophiles and dienes are widely used, as these are bioorthogonal and typically very fast. Additionally, a payload can be released from the dienophile, diene, or both upon the reaction between these two compounds. Meanwhile, several other functional moieties can be linked to the dienophile and/or diene as well. These properties render the dienophile-diene reactions interesting for various applications, including those where a drug needs to be released at a specific target site in a subject.
- the disclosure relates to a compound, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or an enantiomer thereof, wherein the compound comprises an (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety, wherein at least one allylic carbon of said moiety is in the R-configuration and is substituted with R 48 ;
- R 48 is selected from the group consisting of -OH, -O-acetyl, -O-C 1-4 alkyl, halogen, active carbonate, and a releasable group; the carbon atom at position 1 of said moiety is in the R-configuration; the carbon atom at position 8 of said moiety is in the S-configuration; and preferably the carbon atom at position 9 of said moiety is substituted.
- the disclosure relates to a composition
- a composition comprising: (a) a compound according to the disclosure, or the salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof; and (b) the enantiomer of said compound, or the salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof; and preferably said composition is a racemic mixture of (a) and (b).
- the disclosure pertains to a combination of (A1) a compound according to the disclosure, or the salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or enantiomer thereof; or (A2) a composition according to the disclosure: with (B) a diene or a salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof; preferably the diene is a tetrazine.
- the disclosure relates to a compound according to the disclosure, or the salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or enantiomer thereof; the composition according to the disclosure; or the combination according to the disclosure; for use as a medicament.
- the disclosure pertains to a compound according to the disclosure, or the salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or enantiomer thereof; the composition according to the disclosure; or the combination according to the disclosure; for use in the treatment of a disease in a subject, preferably the subject is a human, preferably the disease is cancer.
- the disclosure relates to a non-therapeutic method for reacting: (ia) a compound according to the disclosure, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or an enantiomer thereof; or (iia) a composition according to the disclosure; with a diene or a salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof, wherein said method comprises the step of contacting (ia) or (iia) with said diene or salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof, preferably said contacting is in vitro; and preferably said diene is a tetrazine.
- the disclosure relates to an intermediate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or an enantiomer thereof; selected from the group consisting of Formulae (INT15-1), (INT15-2), (INT15-3), (INT13-1), (INT13-2), (INT13-3), (INTAX13-4), and (INTEQ13-4): 2 a halogen; IN 2 is -O-C 1-4 C1-4 alkyl, or acetyl; preferably IN 1 is iodine; preferably IN 2 is -O-CH 3 ; preferably IN 3 is hydrogen; and preferably IN 4 is acetyl.
- Formulae (INT15-1), (INT15-2), (INT15-3), (INT13-1), (INT13-2), (INT13-3), (INTAX13-4), and (INTEQ13-4): 2 a halogen; IN 2 is -O-C 1-4 C1-4 alkyl, or acetyl; preferably IN 1 is iodine; preferably IN 2 is
- the disclosure pertains to a method for synthesizing (i) a compound according to the disclosure, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or an enantiomer thereof; or (ii) a composition according to the disclosure; wherein said method comprises the step of subjecting a compound Z or a salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or an enantiomer thereof, to photoisomerization, wherein compound Z comprises a (Z)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety, wherein at least one allylic carbon of said moiety is in the R-configuration and is substituted with R 48 ; R 48 is selected from the group consisting of - OH, -O-acetyl, -O-C1-4 alkyl, halogen, active carbonate, and a releasable group; the carbon atom at position 1 of said moiety is in the R-configuration; the carbon atom at position 8 of said moiety is in the S-
- Figure 1 depicts the results of the kinetc measurements between a compound of the disclosure and a tetrazine as described in Example 4.2.
- Figure 1A shows the reaction yields vs. time
- Figure 1B depicts the pseudo-first-order rate constants vs. the concentration of the compound of the disclosure.
- Figure 2 depicts the % release of N-methylbenzylamine from compound 1.8 according to the disclosure upon reaction with a tetrazine, versus time, as described in Example 4.3.
- Figure 3 relates to the results of Example 4.4.
- Figure 3A depicts the In-111/I-125 cpm ratio in the samples obtained from mice plotted vs time.
- Figure 3B shows a linear fitting of the data of Figure 3A, which allowed the calculation of the in vivo half-life of compound of the disclosure 1.8 labeled with iodine-125.
- Figure 4 shows the amino acid sequence of one monomer of diabody AVP0458.
- AVP0458 consists of two monomers, wherein each of the two monomers has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the claimed subject-matter in a broad sense, is based on the judicious insight that the compounds of the disclosure can be readily synthesized in only a few steps, are stable in various conditions, including in physiological environments, react fast in bioorthogonal reactions, and, if required, provide high release yields of a payload connected to an allylic carbon.
- a compound according to claim 1 may be referred to as a dienophile or as “a compound according to the disclosure” or similar phrasing.
- the (E)- bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety thereof may be referred to as the Trigger or T R .
- T R trans- cyclooctene
- compounds of the disclosure may also be referred to herein as TCO.
- an Activator as referred to herein is a compound that can react with the double bond of the (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety of the compound of the disclosure.
- an Activator is a diene.
- Compounds The compounds of the disclosure comprise an (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety. For the sake of clarity, below two examples of such a moiety are drawn wherein the carbon atoms are numbered. These numbers correspond to the positions as mentioned in claim 1.
- the carbon at position 9 is substituted, more preferably with a group according to RG1 or RG5, more preferably according to RG1.
- the carbon at position 9 is substituted with a group R 49 as defined herein.
- at least one allylic carbon of the (E)- bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety is in the R-configuration and is substituted with R48.
- R 48 is selected from the group consisting of -OH, -O-acetyl, -O-C 1-4 alkyl, halogen, active carbonate, and a releasable group.
- R48 is preferably selected from the group consisting of -OH, -O-acetyl, -O-C 1-4 alkyl, halogen, and an active carbonate. Active carbonates are well-known to the skilled person.
- the active carbonate is selected from the group consisting of -OC(O)O-N-succinimidyl, -OC(O)O- pentafluorophenyl, -OC(O)O-tetrafluorophenyl, -OC(O)O-4-nitrophenyl, and -OC(O)Cl. More preferably, the active carbonate is -OC(O)O-N-succinimidyl, or -OC(O)O- pentafluorophenyl; most preferably the active carbonate is -OC(O)O-N-succinimidyl.
- R48 is a releasable group.
- the releasable group comprises a payload, which is connected to the (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety in such a way that release occurs upon reaction of the compound of the disclosure with a diene.
- R 48 is in the axial position. Typically, faster reaction rates are observed in bioorthogonal reactions when the compounds of the disclosure have a group R 48 in the axial position.
- the ones containing “AX” are preferred over those containing “EQ”, .e.g. Formula (II-AX15) is preferred over Formula (II- EQ15).
- group R48 can be present on either allylic position (viz. positions 2 and 5 as indicated above), it is preferred that said group be present at the 5 position.
- the inventors believe that these molecules are more stable, e.g. in physiological conditions, than the compounds having R48 at the 2 position.
- the ones containing “15” are preferred over those containing “13”, .e.g. Formula (II-AX15) is preferred over Formula (II-AX13).
- each of Y 1 and Y 2 are independently selected from O, and S; preferably Y 1 and Y 2 are O.
- C A is Construct A, which is the payload.
- C A is an organic molecule or an inorganic molecule. Further preferred embodiments of C A are defined below.
- j is 0 or 1; preferably j is 0; and i is 0 or 1; preferably i is 1.
- -(S P ) j - C A is connected to the remainder of the compound via O or S, that is part of -(S P ) j -C A .
- S P is a spacer, of which preferred embodiments are defined below.
- S P is a self-immolative linker, which is herein also referred to as L C .
- L C self-immolative linkers
- Such self-immolative linkers are well-known in the art, and preferred embodiments of self-immolative linkers are defined below.
- the spacer in the releasable group is a self- immolative linker, upon reaction of a compound of the disclosure with a diene, initially a construct -L C -C A is released. Thereafter, the self-immolative linker self-immolates and releases the payload C A .
- the compound of the disclosure has a structure according to any one of Formulae (Ia) and (Ib): ; wherein each of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is independently least one of X 1 and X 4 is -CHR 48 ; preferably one of X 1 and X 4 is -CHR48; R49 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-CH3, - C(O)NH2, active esters, and –(S P )D-C B ; S P is a spacer; D is 0 or 1, preferably D is 1; and C B is a construct B, which is an organic molecule or an inorganic molecule.
- R 49 disclosure is an intermediate product that may be further adapted, for example to attach a masking moiety or a targeting agent to the compound of the disclosure
- R49 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)OH, -C(O)O-CH3, - C(O)NH 2 , and active esters. Active esters are well-known to the skilled person.
- the active ester is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)O-N-succinimidyl, -C(O)O-pentafluorophenyl, - C(O)O-tetrafluorophenyl, -C(O)O-4-nitrophenyl, and -C(O)Cl. More preferably, for R 49 the active ester is -C(O)O-N-succinimidyl, or -C(O)O-pentafluorophenyl; most preferably for R 49 the active ester is -C(O)O-N-succinimidyl.
- R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- This moiety can be used to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound of the disclosure, further aid in masking the activity of the payload (e.g. if the payload is a drug), and/or target the compound of the disclosure to a certain site, for example in vivo.
- R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B , wherein C B is a polymer, preferably polyethylene glycol. In this embodiment, it is especially preferred that D is 0.
- R49 modulates the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound of the disclosure, and/or aids in the masking of the payload.
- R49 is –(S P )D-C B , wherein C B is a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody or a diabody, more preferably CC49 or AVP0458.
- C B is a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody or a diabody, more preferably CC49 or AVP0458.
- R 49 targets the compound of the disclosure.
- D is 1, it is preferred that S P is a polymer, preferably polyethylene glycol. For ease of synthesis, however, D may also be 0 in said embodiment. Further preferred embodiments of S P and C B are defined below.
- the group -C(O)OH can be advantageously used as R49 to increase the aqueous solubility of compounds of the disclosure, although suitable groups –(S P ) D -C B can also be selected for R 49 in this respect, e.g. if S P and/or C B is a polyethylene glycol or if C B is an amino acid such as glycine.
- the compound of the disclosure has a structure according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (II-EQ13), and (II-AX13): R 49 R 49 R 49 , , , and (II-AX13) are shown in Formulae (en-II-EQ15), (en-II-AX15), (en-II-EQ13), and (en-II- AX13), respectively: R 49 R 49 R 49 R 49 ; ; ; and .
- the compound of the disclosure has a structure according to any one of Formulae (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (III-EQ13), and (III-AX13): R 49 R 49
- the enantiomers of the compounds of Formulae (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (III-EQ13), and (III-AX13) are shown in Formulae (en-III-EQ15), (en-III-AX15), (en-III-EQ13), and (en- II-AX13), respectively: R 49 R 49 R 49 R 49 .
- the stereochemistry of the carbon at position 9, viz. the carbon substituted with R49 in the Formulae depicting compounds of the disclosure is not relevant.
- the compound according to the disclosure has a structure according to any one of Formulae (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (IV-EQ13EX), and (IV-AX13EX): R 49 R 49 R 49 R 49 .
- each R 47 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, (hetero)(cyclo)alkyl, (hetero)(cyclo)alkenyl, (hetero)(cyclo)alkynyl, (hetero)aryl, –(S P )D-C B , and combinations thereof; wherein the (hetero)(cyclo)alkyl, (hetero)(cyclo)alkenyl, (hetero)(cyclo)alkynyl, and (hetero)aryl groups are optionally substituted, preferably with a group according to RG1.
- R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH
- R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester
- R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester
- R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (Ia) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (Ia) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (Ia) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (Ia) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (Ib) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (Ib) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (Ib) and R 48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (Ib) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-EQ15) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is - COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-EQ15) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-EQ15) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-EQ15) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-AX15) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-AX15) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-AX15) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-AX15) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-EQ13) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-EQ13) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-EQ13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-EQ13) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-AX13) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-AX13) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-AX13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (II-AX13) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III- EQ15) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-EQ15) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-EQ15) and R 48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-EQ15) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-AX15) and R 48 is - OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-AX15) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-AX15) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III- AX15) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-EQ13) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-EQ13) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-EQ13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-EQ13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III- AX13) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-AX13) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-AX13) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (III-AX13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ15EN) and R 48 is - OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ15EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ15EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX15EN) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX15EN) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX15EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV- AX15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ13EN) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ13EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ13EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX13EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX13EN) and R48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ15EX) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ15EX) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV- EQ15EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV- AX15EX) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX15EX) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX15EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ13EX) and R48 is - OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ13EX) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ13EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-EQ13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX13EX) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX13EX) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV-AX13EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (IV- AX13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ15EN) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ15EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ15EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ15EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX15EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX15EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX15EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ13EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ13EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX13EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX13EN) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX13EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ15EX) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is - COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ15EX) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX15EX) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX15EX) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX15EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ13EX) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ13EX) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-EQ13EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX13EX) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX13EX) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX13EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (V-AX13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-Ia) and R48 is -OH and R49 is - COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-Ia) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-Ia) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-Ia) and R48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-Ib) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-Ib) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-Ib) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-Ib) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-EQ15) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-EQ15) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-EQ15) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-EQ15) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-AX15) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-AX15) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-AX15) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-AX15) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-EQ13) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-EQ13) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-EQ13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-EQ13) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-AX13) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-AX13) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-AX13) and R48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-II-AX13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-EQ15) and R48 is -OH and R49 is - COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-EQ15) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-EQ15) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III- EQ15) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-AX15) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-AX15) and R48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-AX15) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-AX15) and R48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-EQ13) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-EQ13) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-EQ13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-EQ13) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-AX13) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-AX13) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III- AX13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-III-AX13) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV- EQ15EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ15EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV- AX15EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX15EN) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX15EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV- EQ13EN) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ13EN) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ13EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV- AX13EN) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX13EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX13EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX13EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV- EQ15EX) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ15EX) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ15EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is – (S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV- AX15EX) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX15EX) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX15EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is –(S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV- EQ13EX) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ13EX) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-EQ13EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV- AX13EX) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX13EX) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-IV-AX13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is –(S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V- EQ15EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ15EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ15EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V- AX15EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX15EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX15EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V- EQ13EN) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ13EN) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ13EN) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V- AX13EN) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX13EN) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX13EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX13EN) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is – (S P )D-C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V- EQ15EX) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ15EX) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ15EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V- AX15EX) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX15EX) and R 48 is an active carbonate and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX15EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V- EQ13EX) and R48 is -OH and R49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ13EX) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-EQ13EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P ) D -C B .
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V- AX13EX) and R 48 is -OH and R 49 is -COOH.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX13EX) and R48 is an active carbonate and R49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX13EX) and R 48 is a releasable group and R 49 is an active ester.
- the compound of the disclosure is according to Formula (en-V-AX13EX) and R48 is a releasable group and R49 is – (S P )D-C B .
- Construct A (C A ) C A herein is a payload.
- C A is preferably an organic molecule or an inorganic molecule. More preferably, Construct A is according to RG3 or RG4.
- C A is selected from the group consisting of a drug, a nucleic acid, a peptide, a protein, a carbohydrate, an aptamer, a hormone, a toxin, a steroid, a cytokine, a lipid, a small organic molecule, a polymer, LNA, PNA, an amino acid, a peptoid, a chelating moiety, a molecule comprising a radionuclide, a fluorescent dye, a phosphorescent dye, a resin, a bead, an organic particle, a gel, an organic surface, an organometallic compound, a cell, an inorganic surface, an inorganic particle, an allotrope of carbon, an inorganic drug, a radionuclide, and combinations thereof.
- C A is a drug
- C A is a protein, a toxin, a chelating moiety, monomethyl auristatin E, or doxorubicin; wherein preferably the chelating moiety comprises a radionuclide.
- Further preferred embodiments of the categories from which Construct A can be chosen i.e. drugs, nucleic acids, petpides, etc. are further defined below and also apply to Construct A.
- Construct B (C B )
- the dienes and dienophiles as disclosed herein, especially Trigger moieties also contain one or more, preferably at most two, and most preferably one, construct B (C B ) as defined herein.
- C B may be attached to the remainder of the dienophile or diene via a spacer S P as defined herein.
- each C B is independently an organic molecule or an inorganic molecule.
- C B may have one or more functions, and may have multiple functions at the same time.
- C B may act as a masking moiety, a targeting agent, and/or a pharmacokinetics- modulating moiety (e.g. a half-life extension moiety).
- C B can for example be used to optimize the aqueous solubility of the dienophile, and/or the diene, for example if C B is an amino acid, in particular glycine.
- each C B is independently selected from the group consisting of organic molecules, and inorganic molecules. More preferably, Construct B is according to RG3 or RG4.
- C B is preferably selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid, a peptide, a protein, a carbohydrate, an aptamer, a hormone, a toxin, a steroid, a cytokine, a lipid, a small organic molecule as defined herein, a polymer, LNA, PNA, an amino acid, a peptoid, a chelating moiety, a molecule comprising a radionuclide, a fluorescent dye, a phosphorescent dye, a drug, a resin, a bead, an organic particle, a gel, an organic surface, an organometallic compound, a cell, an inorganic surface, an inorganic particle, an allotrope of carbon, an inorganic drug, a radionuclide, and combinations thereof.
- C B is a peptide, protein or a polymer, and most preferably C B is an antibody or polyethylene glycol.
- C B is part of the dienophile, C B preferably comprises a polymer, and more preferably C B comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- C B is a PEG moiety coupled to a targeting agent as defined herein, preferably an antibody, optionally via a spacer S P as defined herein.
- C B comprises or is a PEG moiety of at most 40,000 Da, more preferably at most 30,000 Da, even more preferably at most 25,000 Da, more preferably still at most 20,000 Da, even more preferably at most 15,000 Da, yet more preferably at most 10,000 Da, even more preferably at most 5,000 Da, more preferably at most 2,500 Da, more preferably still at most 1,000 Da, most preferably at most 500 Da.
- C B comprises or is a PEG moiety having of from 1 to 114 repeating units, more preferably of from 2 to 57 repeating units, even more preferably of from 3 to 30 repeating units, and most preferably of from 4 to 20 repeating units.
- C B comprises or is a PEG moiety having at most 24 repeating units, more preferably at most 2 repeating units.
- the PEG moiety of C B can be linear or branched.
- C B is a polymer, and more preferably C B is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- C B is a polymer, preferably PEG, linked, optionally via a spacer S P as defined herein, to a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody.
- a Targeting Agent preferably an antibody.
- it is preferred that the polymer is closest to the (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety or the tetrazine moiety, i.e. that the polymer acts as a linker between said moiety and the Targeting Agent.
- C B is a small molecule, a carbohydrate, biotin, peptide, peptoid, lipid, protein, oligonucleotide, DNA, RNA, PNA, LNA, aptamer, hormone, toxin, steroid, cytokine, antibody, antibody fragment (e.g. Fab2, Fab, scFV, diabody, triabodies, VHH), and antibody (fragment) fusions (e.g. bi-specific and trispecific mAb fragments).
- C B is a drug or an imaging probe such as a fluorscent dye.
- Construct B can also be a radical according to RG1f or a moiety comprising RG1f, as defined herein, wherein RG1f can be used to bind to a further Construct B.
- Construct B can be RG1f being a maleimide or photocrosslinker that is bound to the remainder of the dienophile (of which the (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety may be referred to as the Trigger or T R ) via a Spacer S P .
- the maleimide or photocrosslinker can be used to further conjugate the T R to another Construct-B such as a protein.
- C B is a biomolecule-binding moiety.
- each C B is independently a radical according to RG5 as defined herein.
- each C B is independently a masking moiety as defined herein.
- each C B is independently a targeting agent as defined herein.
- the masking moiety may also act as a targeting agent and vice versa, so that C B can also have multiple functions.
- at most three C B are comprised in the dienophile, more preferably at most two, most preferably at most one C B is comprised in the dienophile.
- C B is bound to the remainder of the molecule via a residue of RG1f as defined herein, wherein preferably said residue of RG1f equals or is comprised in a Spacer.
- residue of RG1f means the conjugation reaction product of RG1f with another chemical group so as to form a conjugate between C B with the Trigger, L C or S P .
- compositions also pertains to compositions comprising: (a) a compound according to the disclosure, or the salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof; and (b) the enantiomer of said compound, or the salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof.
- the molar ratio of (a) over (b) is in a range of from 1:4 to 4:1, more preferably in a range of from 1:3 to 3:1, even more preferably in a range of from 1:2 to 2:1, more preferably still in a range of from 1:1.5 to 1.5:1.
- said composition is a racemic mixture of (a) and (b), i.e. the molar ratio of (a) over (b) is about 1:1.
- (a) is a compound of Formula (Ia) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en- Ia).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (Ib) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-Ib).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (II-EQ15) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-II- EQ15).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (II-AX15) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-II-AX15).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (II-EQ13) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-II-EQ13).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (II-AX13) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-II-AX13).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (III- EQ15) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-III-EQ15).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (III-AX15) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-III-AX15).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (III-EQ13) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-III-EQ13).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (III-AX13) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en- III-AX13).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV-EQ15EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV-EQ15EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV-AX15EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV-AX15EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV- AX15EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV-AX15EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV-AX15EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV-AX15EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV-EQ13EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV- EQ13EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV-AX13EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV-AX13EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV-EQ15EX) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV-EQ15EX).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV- AX15EX) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV-AX15EX).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV-EQ13EX) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV-EQ13EX).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (IV-AX13EX) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-IV- AX13EX).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V-EQ15EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-EQ15EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V-AX15EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-AX15EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V- AX15EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-AX15EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V-AX15EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-AX15EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V-EQ13EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-EQ13EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V-AX13EN) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-AX13EN).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V-EQ15EX) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-EQ15EX).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V- AX15EX) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-AX15EX).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (V-EQ13EX) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-EQ13EX).
- (a) is a compound of Formula (AX13EX) and (b) is a compound of Formula (en-V-AX13EX).
- Intermediates also pertains to intermediates, or salts, solvates, hydrates, and/or enantiomers thereof. These intermediates are advantageous, since they result in a short synthetic route towards the compounds of the disclosure.
- the intermediates are selected from the group consisting of Formulae (INT15-1), (INT15-2), (INT15-3), (INT13-1), (INT13-2), (INT13-3), (INTAX13-4), and (INTEQ-4): 2 ; iodine.
- Formulae (INT15-3) and (INT13-3) IN 2 is -O-C1-4 alkyl or -OH; preferably -O-CH3.
- IN 3 is hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, or acetyl; preferably hydrogen.
- In Formula (INT13-3) IN 4 is hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, or acetyl; preferably acetyl.
- Enantiomers of the intermediates of Formulae (INT13-3EN) and (INT13-3EX) are depicted below in Formulae (en-INT13-3EN) and (en-INT13-3EX), respectively: 2 2 (en-INT13-3EN) ; and (en-INT13-3EX) .
- Combinations The disclosure also pertains to a combination of (A1) a compound according to the disclosure, or the salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or enantiomer thereof; or (A2) a composition according to the disclosure: with (B) a diene or a salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof.
- the diene is a tetrazine.
- the disclosure also relates to a combination of (A1) or (A2) with an Activator, or a salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof.
- Components (A1), (A2), and (B) may be kept separately.
- the combination of the disclosure is a kit.
- one or more compounds of the disclosure and one or more dienes are provided in separate containers.
- Dienes It will be understood that all dienes herein can be provided as a salt, hydrate, and/or solvate.
- the Activator comprises a diene, preferably a tetrazine, more preferably a 1,2,4,5- tetrazine.
- the diene typically reacts with a dienophile.
- the Activator is a tetrazine, more preferably a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine.
- Synthesis routes to tetrazines in general are readily available to the skilled person, based on standard knowledge in the art. References to tetrazine synthesis routes include for example Lions et al, J. Org. Chem., 1965, 30, 318-319; Horwitz et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1958, 80, 3155-3159; Hapiot et al, New J. Chem., 2004, 28, 387-392, Kaim et al, Z.
- the diene is a tetrazine satisfying Formula (4) or a salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof: ; wherein each moiety Q 1 and Q 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, organic molecules, and inorganic molecules; and preferably at least one of moieties Q1 and Q2 is not hydrogen.
- each moiety Q1 and Q2 is independently selected from RG1, RG3, RG4, and RG5.
- the tetrazine is symmetrical, i.e. Q2 equals Q1. This is advantageous, as it typically simplifies the synthesis of the tetrazine.
- Q 1 and Q 2 are selected from the group of hydrogen, (cyclo)alkyl, (cyclo)alkenyl, (cyclo)alkynyl, hetero(cyclo)alkyl, hetero(cyclo)alkenyl, hetero(cyclo)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, linear or cyclic vinyl ethers, and combinations thereof; and Q 1 and Q 2 not being hydrogen are optionally substituted, preferably with one or more moieties according to RG1 not being hydrogen.
- each individual Q1 and Q2 group comprises at most 4 substituents, more preferably at most 3 substituents, even more preferably at most 2 substituents, and most preferably at most 1 substituent.
- aryl is phenyl.
- the diene is a multimeric compound, comprising a plurality of tetrazines. These multimeric compounds can be peptide, peptoid, protein, oligonucleotide, oligosaccharide, polymersome, biomolecules, polymers, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, particles, nanoparticles, microparticles, polymer particles, or other polymeric constructs. If the diene is a multimeric compound, it is preferred that it comprises a tetrazine coupled, optionally via a spacer, to a polymer, more preferably hyaluronic acid.
- the Q1 and Q2 are optionally bound to a moiety according to RG3 or RG4, preferably RG3, more preferably a polymer or a protein.
- the Q 1 and Q 2 not being hydrogen are not substituted.
- Q1 and Q2 are independently selected from the group consisting of 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, and 4-pyridyl;
- Q 1 is selected from the group consisting of 2,6-pyrimidyl, 2,5-pyrimidyl, 3,5-pyrmidyl, and 2,4-pyrimidyl; and Q2 is (hetero)alkyl; or
- Q 1 is phenyl and Q 2 is hydrogen;
- Q 1 is phenyl and Q 2 is phenyl;
- Q1 is phenyl and Q2 is C1-C8 (hetero)alkyl;
- Q1 and Q2 are C1-C8 (hetero)alkyl;
- Q 1 and Q 2 are C 3 -C 8 (cyclo)alkenyl;
- Q1 and Q2 are vinyl ether, preferably cyclic vinyl ether; and in (a)-(h) all Q1 and
- Q1 in Formula (4) is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, vinyl ether, and C3-C5 heteroaryl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5.
- preferred heteroaryls are 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2,6- pyrimidyl, 3,5-pyrimidyl, 2,5-pyrimidyl, 2,4-pyrimidyl, 2,4 imidazyl, 2,5 imidazyl, 2,3- pyrazyl, 3,4-pyrazyl, oxazol, isoxazol, thiazol, oxazoline, 2-pyrryl, 3-pyrryl, 2-thiophene, and 3-thiophene.
- heteroaryl is 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4- pyridyl, 2,6-pyrimidyl, 2,5-pyrimidyl, 3,5-pyrmidyl, or 2,4-pyrimidyl.
- Particularly preferred dienes are those of Formula (4) wherein Q1 and Q2 are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, (hetero)alkyl, and linear or cyclic vinyl ether, and wherein at least one of Q 1 and Q 2 is attached to a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody.
- These dienes can be advantageously used to prelocalize the diene prior to administrating a compound of the disclosure, preferably a Prodrug according to the disclosure.
- Q 1 in Formula (4) is C 3 -C 5 heteroaryl or vinyl ether, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5, and Q2 is C3-C5 heteroaryl or vinyl ether, and is optionally further substituted with one or more moieties RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5.
- heteroaryls are 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2,6-pyrimidyl, 3,5-pyrimidyl, 2,5-pyrimidyl, 2,4-pyrimidyl, 2,4 imidazyl, 2,5 imidazyl, 2,3-pyrazyl, 3,4-pyrazyl, oxazol, isoxazol, thiazol, oxazoline, 2- pyrryl, 3-pyrryl, 2-thiophene, and 3-thiophene.
- Q1 in Formula (4) is C3-C5 heteroaryl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5, and Q 2 is H.
- Q 1 in Formula (4) is a phenyl ring, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5, and Q2 is -H.
- Q 1 in Formula (4) is a phenyl ring, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5, and Q2 is a phenyl ring, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5.
- Q 1 in Formula (4) is a phenyl ring, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5, and Q2 is selected from the group consisting of C6 aryl, and C3-5 heteroaryl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5.
- Q1 in Formula (4) is C1-C12 (hetero)alkyl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5, and Q 2 selected from the group consisting of C 6 aryl, and C 3-5 heteroaryl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5.
- Q1 in Formula (4) is C1-C12 (hetero)alkyl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5, and Q 2 in Formula (4) is C 1 -C 12 (hetero)alkyl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5.
- Q1 in Formula (4) is C 3 -C 12 (hetero)alkenyl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5, and Q2 in Formula (4) is C1-C12 (hetero)alkenyl, and is optionally further substituted with at least one moiety RG5, preferably not more than two, more preferably not more than one moiety RG5.
- the tetrazine satisfies Formula (4x): R 4x
- each R is independently according to RG1, pr P B 4x eferably –(S )i-C .
- the C B in R 4x is a Targeting Agent as defined herein.
- the C B in R 4x is a protein or a peptide, more preferably an antibody, or an antibody fragment, wherein preferably the antibody fragment is a diabody, nanobody, of minibody.
- the C B in R4x is the antibody CC49 or the diabody AVP0458.
- the S P in R 4x is coupled to the vinyl ether ring via a moiety -C 1-3 (hetero)alkylene-O-, more preferably -CH2-O-.
- the S P in R4x comprises a polymer, more preferably polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- the S P in R 4x comprises or is a moiety -C 1-3 (hetero)alkylene-(R 4x1 -CH 2 - (CH 2 -O-CH 2 ) p1 -CH 2 ) p2 -R 4x2 .
- p1 is an integer of from 1 to 24, preferably of from 5 to 15, more preferably of from 8 to 10, and p2 is 0 or 1.
- the S P in R4x comprises or is a moiety -CH 2 -(R 4x1 -CH 2 -(CH 2 -O-CH 2 ) p1 -CH 2 ) p2 -R 4x2 .
- R 4x1 is according to RG2a, RG2b, or RG2c, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-NH-, -NH-C(O)O-, -OC(S)-, -C(S)O-, -OC(S)-NH-, -NH-C(S)O-, -NHC(O)-, -C(O)NH-, -NHC(S)-, -C(S)NH-, -NHC(O)O-, -O-C(O)NH-, - NHC(S)O-, -O-C(S)NH-, -NHC(O)NH-, and -NHC(S)NH-.
- R 4x1 is -OC(O)-NH-.
- R4x2 is -C(O)-, -C(S)-, -OC(O)-, -OC(S)-, -OC(O)-NH-, OC(S)-NH-, -NH-, -NHC(O)-, -NHC(S)-, NHC(O)NH-, -NHC(S)NH-, -OC(O)-NH-C 1-3 (hetero)alkylene-, or -NH-C(O)-C 1-3 (hetero)alkylene-, -OC(O)-NH-C1-3 (hetero)alkylene-R4x3, or -NH-C(O)-C1-3 (hetero)alkylene- R 4x3 .
- R 4x2 is coupled to the C B , optionally via another spacer.
- the C 1-3 (hetero)alkylene is a C 1 (hetero)alkylene.
- R 4x2 is -OC(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -OC(O)-NH-C1-3 (hetero)alkylene-R4x3, or -NH-C(O)-C1-3 (hetero)alkylene-R4x3.
- R 4x3 is according to RG2a, RG2b, or RG2c, preferably RG2b.
- R 4x3 is , wherein the wiggly line indicates a bond to the C1-3 (hetero)alkylene and the dashed line a bond to the C B .
- Tetrazines of Formula (4x) are particularly advantageous, as they have excellent stability and reactivity, also in physiological conditions. As such, tetrazines according to Formula (4x) are particularly useful in embodiments wherein the tetrazine of Formula (4x) is administered to the subject prior to administering the dienophile as described herein. Then, the tetrazine of Formula (4x), which comprises a Targeting Agent, can first accumulate at the target site, after which the dienophile can be administered to said subject.
- the dienophile then does not necessarily comprise a Targeting Agent, but is simply only unmasked at the target site after reaction with the tetrazine of Formula (4x) that is accumulated at said target site.
- the tetrazine according to Formula (4x) is a tetrazine according to Formula (4x1): R 4x
- the tetrazine according to Formula (4x) is a tetrazine according to Formula (4x2): R 4x .
- the tetrazine is in accordance with any one of the Formulae (6)- (13): N R R N R R N R R consisting of hydrogen and moieties according to RG5 as defined herein.
- At least two, more preferably at least three, most preferably all, moieties selected from the group consisting of Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 are hydrogen.
- at least one of these has a molecular weight in a range of from 100 Da to 3000 Da.
- at least one of these has a molecular weight in a range of from 100 Da to 2000 Da.
- At least one of these has a molecular weight in a range of from 100 Da to 1500 Da, even more preferably in a range of from 150 Da to 1500 Da. Even more preferably still, at least one of these has a molecular weight in a range of from 150 Da to 1000 Da, most preferably in a range of from 200 Da to 1000 Da.
- the Activator when the Activator is meant to stay in circulation, for example when the Activator is a Clearing Agent or a Cleaving Agent, it is preferred that for all compounds disclosed herein comprising a group Q, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 or -(CH 2 ) y -((R 1 ) p -R 2 ) n - (R 1 ) p -R 3 , one or more of these groups has a molecular weight of more than 3000 Da.
- the diene is a tetrazine satisfying Formula (14): Y a (14), and salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof, wherein Y a is selected from the group consisting of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Y 6 , Y 7 , and Y 8 :
- Y b is according to RG1, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8, hydrogen, X47, and –(S P )i–C B ; wherein i is 0 or 1.
- each Q1 and Q5 are independently selected from the group consisting of X45, hydrogen, X 47 and –(S P ) i –C B ; each Q 2 and Q 4 , are independently selected from the group consisting of X 46, hydrogen, X 47 , and –(S P ) i –C B ; each Q 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X47, and –(S P )i–C B .
- the compound of Formula (14) comprises at least one X 45 or X 46 group.
- Each X 45 is independently selected from the group consisting of N(X 50 ) 2 , C(X51)2N(X50)2, NX50C(O)X51, NX50C(S)X51, OH, SH, C(O)OH, C(S)OH, C(O)SH, C(S)SH, NX50C(O)OX51, NX50C(S)OX51, NX50C(O)SX51, NX50C(O)SX51, NX50C(O)N(X51)2, NX 50 C(S)N(X 51 ) 2 , NX 50 SO 2 X 51, NX 50 SO 3 X 51, NX 50 OX 51 , SO 3 H, and PO 3 H 2 .
- Each X 46 is independently selected from the group consisting of N(X 50 ) 2 , C(X51)2N(X50)2, NX50C(O)X51, NX50C(S)X51,, OH, SH, C(O)OH, C(S)OH, C(O)SH, C(S)SH, NX 50 C(O)OX 51, NX 50 C(S)OX 51, NX 50 C(O)SX 51, NX 50 C(O)SX 51, NX 50 C(O)N(X 51 ) 2 , NX 50 C(S)N(X 51 ) 2 , NX 50 SO 2 X 51, NX 50 SO 3 X 51, NX 50 OX 51 , SO 3 H, and PO 3 H 2 .
- Each X50 and X51 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X48, and –(S P )i–C B .
- X50 is hydrogen.
- Each X49 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C8 (hetero)alkyl, C2-C8 (hetero)alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, C6-C12 aryl, C2-C12 heteroaryl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 8 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 12 (hetero)alkyl(hetero)aryl, C 3 -C 12 (hetero)arylalkyl, C 4 - C12 (hetero)alkylcycloalkyl, C4-C12 cycloalkylalkyl, C5-C12 cycloalkyl(hetero)aryl and C5-C12 (hetero)arylcycloalkyl, wherein X49 not being hydrogen is optionally substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of -Cl, -F, -Br, -I, -OH,
- At most two, more preferably at most one of Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4, and Q 5 are C B ; wherein the compound according to Formula (14) preferably comprises for each individual Ya and Y b at most four C B , more preferably at most two C B , most preferably at most one C B ; wherein the compound according to Formula (14) preferably comprises at least one C B ; wherein preferably for each individual Ya and Yb at most three, more preferably at most two of Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 are not hydrogen; wherein preferably for each individual Ya and Yb at most two of Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4, and Q 5 are X 45 or X 46 , wherein preferably for each individual Y a and Yb one of Q1, Q2, Q4, and Q5 is X45 or X46, wherein preferably both Ya and Yb comprise at least one X45 or X46,wherein preferably both Ya and Yb comprise one
- Y a is selected from Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 or Y 5 and Y b is hydrogen, X 47 or –(S P ) i – C B .
- Y a is selected from Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 or Y 5 and Y b is hydrogen.
- the compound according to Formula (14) does not comprise –(S P )i–C B .
- X45 or X46 is N(X50)2, then one X50 is hydrogen and one X50 is X48 or –(S P ) i –C B .
- Formula (14) does not comprise X 46 .
- both Q 1 in Formula (14) are X45.
- both Q2 in Formula (14) are X46.
- both Q5 in Formula (14) are X45.
- both Q4 in Formula (14) are X46.
- each X 45 is independently selected from the group consisting of N(X 50 ) 2 , NX50C(O)X51, NX50C(S)X51, OH, SH, NX50C(O)OX51, NX50C(S)OX51, NX50C(O)SX51, NX50C(O)N(X51)2, NX50C(S)N(X51)2, NX50SO2X51, NX50SO3X51, and NX 50 OX 51 .
- each X 45 is independently selected from the group consisting of N(X 50 ) 2 , NX 50 C(O)X 51 , NX 50 C(S)X 51 , OH and SH.
- X 45 is selected from the group consisting of NHX 50 , C(X51)2NH2, CHX51NH2, CH2N(X50)2, CH2NHX50, NHC(O)X51, NHC(S)X51, OH, and SH.
- X 45 is NHX 50 .
- X 45 is C(X 51 ) 2 NH 2 .
- X 45 is CHX 51 NH 2 .
- X 45 is CH 2 N(X 50 ) 2 . In some embodiments, X45 is CH2NHX50. In some embodiments, X45 is NH2. In some embodiments, X45 is CH2NH2. In some embodiments, X45 is NHC(O)X51. In some embodiments, X45 is NHC(S)X 51 . In some embodiments, X 45 is OH. In some embodiments, X 45 is SH. Preferably, X46 is independently selected from the group consisting of N(X50)2, NX50C(O)X51, NX50C(O)OX51, and NX50C(O)N(X51)2.
- X46 is selected from the group consisting of N(X 50 ) 2 , and NX 50 C(O)X 51, . Most preferably, X 46 is selected from the group consisting of NHX 50 and NHC(O)X 51 . In some embodiments, X 46 is NHX 50 . In some embodiments, X46 is NH2. In some embodiments, X46 is NHC(O)X51.
- each X 47 is independently selected from the group consisting of F, -OH, - NH 2 , -SO 3 - , -NO 2 , -CF 3 , -SH, C 1 -C 6 (hetero)alkyl, C 6 aryl, C 4 -C 5 heteroaryl, C 5 -C 8 (hetero)alkyl(hetero)aryl, C5-C8 (hetero)arylalkyl, C4-C8 (hetero)alkylcycloalkyl, and C4-C8 cycloalkylalkyl .
- each X47 is independently selected from the group consisting of F, -SO 3 - , -NO 2 , -CF 3 , C 1 -C 6 (hetero)alkyl, C 6 aryl, C 4 -C 5 heteroaryl, C 5 -C 8 (hetero)alkyl(hetero)aryl, C5-C8 (hetero)arylalkyl, C4-C8 (hetero)alkylcycloalkyl, and C4-C8 cycloalkylalkyl .
- the X47 substituents do not contain heteroatoms.
- X47 is not substituted.
- X 47 does not contain heteroatoms.
- each X 48 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C4 (hetero)alkyl, C2-C4 (hetero)alkenyl, and C4-6 (hetero)aryl.
- X 48 is C 1 -C 4 (hetero)alkyl.
- the X 48 substituents do not contain heteroatoms.
- X48 is not substituted.
- X48 does not contain heteroatoms.
- X 49 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 8 (hetero)alkyl, C2-C8 (hetero)alkenyl, C2-C8 (hetero)alkynyl, C6-C12 aryl, C2-C12 heteroaryl, C3-C8 (hetero)cycloalkyl, C5-C8 (hetero)cycloalkenyl, C3-C12 (hetero)alkyl(hetero)aryl, C3-C12 (hetero)arylalkyl, C 4 -C 12 (hetero)alkylcycloalkyl, C 4 -C 12 cycloalkylalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl(hetero)aryl and C 5 -C 12 (hetero)arylcycloalkyl, wherein X 49 not being hydrogen is optionally substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of -Cl, -
- X 49 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 (hetero)alkyl, C 2 -C 4 (hetero)alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 (hetero)alkynyl, C 6 -C 8 aryl, C 2 -C 8 heteroaryl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 (hetero)alkyl(hetero)aryl, C3-C10 (hetero)arylalkyl, C4-C8 (hetero)alkylcycloalkyl, C4-C8 cycloalkylalkyl, C5-C10 cycloalkyl(hetero)aryl and C5-C10 (hetero)arylcycloalkyl, wherein the X 49 not being hydrogen are optionally substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of -Cl, -F,
- X49 substituents do not contain heteroatoms.
- X49 is not substituted.
- X 49 does not contain heteroatoms.
- each X 50 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X48, and –(S P )i–C B .
- X50 is X48.
- X50 is –(S P )i–C B .
- X50 is H.
- each X 51 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X48, and –(S P )i–C B .
- X51 is X48.
- X51 is –(S P )i–C B .
- X51 is H.
- Q 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X 47 , and –(S P ) i –C B .
- Q 1 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q1 in Formula (14) is X47.
- Q1 in Formula (14) is –(S P )i–C B , and preferably Q2, Q3, Q 4 , Q 5 , Q 6 , Q 7 , Q 8 , Q 9 , and Q 10 are X 45 , X 46 , or hydrogen.
- Q 2 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X 47 , and –(S P )i–C B .
- Q2 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q2 is in Formula (14) X47.
- Q2 in Formula (14) is –(S P )i–C B , and preferably Q1, Q3, Q 4 , Q 5 , Q 6 , Q 7 , Q 8 , Q 9 , and Q 10 are X 45 , X 46 , or hydrogen.
- Q3 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X47, and –(S P )i–C B .
- Q3 in Formula (14) is hydrogen. In some embodiments, Q 3 in Formula (14) is X 47 .
- Q 3 in Formula (14) is –(S P ) i –C B , and preferably Q 1 , Q 2 , Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, and Q10 are X45, X46, or hydrogen.
- Q4 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X47, and –(S P ) i –C B .
- Q 4 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q 4 in Formula (14) is X 47 .
- Q 4 in Formula (14) is –(S P ) i –C B , and preferably Q 1 , Q 2 , Q3, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10 are X45, X46, or hydrogen.
- Q 5 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X 47 , and –(S P ) i –C B .
- Q 5 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q5 in Formula (14) is X47.
- Q5 is –(S P )i–C B , and preferably Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10 are X45, X46, or hydrogen.
- Q 6 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X 47 , and –(S P )i–C B .
- Q6 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q6 in Formula (14) is X47.
- Q6 in Formula (14) is –(S P )i–C B , and preferably Q1, Q2, Q 3 , Q 4 , Q 5 , Q 7 , Q 8 , Q 9 and Q 10 are X 45 , X 46 , or hydrogen.
- Q 7 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X 47 , and –(S P )i–C B .
- Q7 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q 7 in Formula (14) is X 47 .
- Q 7 in Formula (14) is –(S P ) i –C B , and preferably Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , Q 5 , Q 6 , Q 8 , Q 9 and Q 10 are X 45 , X 46 , or hydrogen.
- Q8 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X47, and –(S P )i–C B .
- Q8 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q 8 in Formula (14) is X 47 .
- Q 8 in Formula (14) is –(S P ) i –C B , and preferably Q 1 , Q 2 , Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q9 and Q10 are X45, X46, or hydrogen.
- Q9 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X47, and –(S P ) i –C B .
- Q 9 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q 9 in Formula (14) is X 47 .
- Q 9 in Formula (14) is –(S P ) i –C B , and preferably Q 1 , Q 2 , Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 and Q10 are X45, X46, or hydrogen.
- Q 10 in Formula (14) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, X 47 , and –(S P ) i –C B .
- Q 10 in Formula (14) is hydrogen.
- Q10 in Formula (14) is X47.
- Q10 in Formula (14) is –(S P )i–C B , and preferably Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 and Q9 are X45, X46, or hydrogen.
- Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 are hydrogen and Q 1 is as defined for R 4x .
- Dienes for payload release Also dienes can be provided from which a payload is released upon reaction with a compound of the disclosure. Such dienes are described in, inter alia, WO 2018/004338 and Wang et al., Organic Letters 2022, volume 25, pages 5293-5297; both references are incorporated herein by reference.
- dienes for payload release have a structure according to Formula (15): (15) In Formula (15), Y T is as defined for Y b in relation to Formula (14). In Formula (15), X T is (i) -A T -(B T ) b -(X C -C(O)) e -(S P ) j -C A or (ii) -C(R 50 ) 2 -(S P ) j -C A ; wherein C A is Construct A, which is a payload; j is 0 or 1; wherein b is 0 or 1; wherein e is 0 or 1; when X T is (i), -(S P ) j -C A is connected to the remainder of X T via O, S, secondary N, or a tertiary N, that is part of -(S P ) j -C A ; when X T is (ii), -(S P ) j -C A
- Construct A is preferably as defined herein, and more preferably C A is an organic molecule or an inorganic molecule; and even more preferably C A is a drug, protein, peptide, a chelating moiety, or toxin; wherein preferably the chelating moiety chelates a radionuclide.
- S P is a spacer, preferably as defined herein, and most preferably S P is a self-immolative linker, preferably as defined herein.
- X C is O, S, or NR 6 .
- each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R50 is individually selected from RG1 as defined herein.
- At least one X50 is hydrogen, more preferably at least one X50 is hydrogen and the other X50 is hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl, and most preferably both X50 are hydrogen.
- optionally one or more of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R50 and S P is bound to a Construct B C B , and/or S P -C B ; wherein S P is a spacer.
- One such method is a method for synthesizing (i) a compound according to the disclosure, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or an enantiomer thereof; or (ii) a composition according to the disclosure; wherein said method comprises the step (PI), wherein step (PI) requires subjecting a compound Z or a salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or an enantiomer thereof, to photoisomerization, wherein compound Z comprises a (Z)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety, wherein at least one allylic carbon of said moiety is in the R-configuration and is substituted with R48; R48 is selected from the group consisting of -OH, -O-acetyl, -O-C1-4 alkyl, halogen, active carbonate, and a releasable group; the carbon atom at position 1 of said moiety is in the R-configuration; the carbon atom at position 8 of said moiety is in the S
- the carbon atom at position 9 of said moiety is substituted, more preferably with a group R49 as defined herein.
- compound Z is an intermediate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, and/or an enantiomer thereof; wherein the intermediate is according to Formula (INT15-3) or (INT13-3) as defined herein. Due to the photoisomerization, compounds of the disclosure are formed, wherein R48 may be in the axial or equatorial position (denoted by either “AX” or ”EQ” in Formulae of the disclosure). If desired, these axial and equatorial isomers can be readily separated as shown in the Examples.
- step (SEP) This separation step is herein referred to as step (SEP), which preferably comprises applying chromatography, more preferably applying silica column chromatography and/or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- step (SEP) preferably comprises applying chromatography, more preferably applying silica column chromatography and/or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- step (15a) refers to a step of contacting 1,5-cyclooctadiene with a catalyst, preferably Rh 2 (OAc) 4 , ethyl diazoacetate, and an organic solvent, preferably dichloromethane.
- Step (15a) is preferably carried out at ambient temperatures, such as in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (15a) is subjected to purification, preferably by chromatography, more preferably by silica column chromatography.
- Step (15a) affords a mixture of the endo and exo isomers of compound 1.1: .
- step (15b) refers to a step of hydrolyzing the ester in the mixture of the endo and exo isomers of compound 1.1.
- step (15b) the mixture of compounds is dissolved in a solvent, preferably methanol, and contacted with an aqueous solution of a strong base, preferably NaOH or KOH.
- Step (15b) is preferably carried out at ambient temperature, such as in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- the solvent is removed by evaporation, and the residue is preferably subjected to extraction.
- Step (15b) yields a mixture of endo and exo isomers of compound 1.2: .
- step (15c) refers to a step of subjecting the mixture of endo and exo isomers of compound 1.2 to halolactonization, preferably iodolactonization.
- step (15c) the mixture of endo and exo isomers of compound 1.2 is contacted with an organic solvent, preferably dichloromethane, water, and a weak base, preferably hydrogencarbonate, and at least one halogen.
- the at least one halogen is HA 2 and HA-, wherein HA is a halogen, more preferably the at least one halogen is I 2 and a iodide salt, preferably KI.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (15c) is subjected to extraction.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (15c) is subjected to purification, preferably by chromatography, more preferably by silica column chromatography.
- Step (15c) is preferably carried out at ambient temperatures, preferably in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- Step (15c) affords intermediate (INT15-1) as defined herein.
- the disclosure relates to a method of synthesizing intermediate (INT15-2), wherein said method comprises step (15d).
- step (15d) refers to a step of subjecting the intermediate (INT15-1) to an elimination reaction.
- step (15d) intermediate (INT15-1) is contacted with an organic solvent, preferably toluene, and a strong base, preferably 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU) or 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN).
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene
- DBN 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene
- step (15d) is preferably carried out at a temperature in a range of from 30°C to 90°C, preferably in a range of from 40°C to 80°C, more preferably in a range of from 45° to 65°C.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (15d) is subjected to extraction.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (15d) is subjected to purification, preferably by chromatography, more preferably by silica column chromatography.
- Step (15d) yields intermediate (INT15-2).
- the disclosure relates to a method of synthesizing intermediate (INT15-3), wherein said method comprises step (15e).
- step (15e) refers to a step of subjecting the intermediate (INT15-2) to ester formation or hydrolysis.
- the intermediate (INT15-2) is preferably contacted with water (for a hydrolysis reaction) or an alcohol (for ester formation), preferably methanol, and a strong base, preferably KOH and/or NaOH for a hydrolysis reaction, and preferably KOH, NaOH, and/or NaOCH3 for ester formation.
- the reaction of step (15e) is preferably carried out at a temperature in a range of from 30°C to 90°C, preferably in a range of from 40°C to 80°C, more preferably in a range of from 45° to 65°C.
- Step (15e) affords intermediate (INT15-3), wherein preferably IN 2 is -O-CH3, and preferably IN 3 is hydrogen, which can be obtained in an ester formation reaction using methanol.
- 1,3-derivatives refers to compounds of the disclosure of which the Formula contains “13”, such as Formula (IV-EQ13EN).
- step (13a) refers to a step of contacting 1,3-cyclooctadiene with a catalyst, preferably Rh 2 (OAc) 4 , ethyl diazoacetate, and an organic solvent, preferably dichloromethane.
- a catalyst preferably Rh 2 (OAc) 4
- ethyl diazoacetate ethyl diazoacetate
- organic solvent preferably dichloromethane
- Step (13a) is preferably carried out at ambient temperatures, such as in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (13a) is subjected to purification, preferably by chromatography, more preferably by silica column chromatography.
- Step (13a) affords a mixture of compounds 1.11: a step of hydrolyzing the ester in the mixture of compounds 1.11.
- the mixture of compounds is dissolved in a solvent, preferably methanol, and contacted with an aqueous solution of a strong base, preferably NaOH or KOH.
- Step (13b) is preferably carried out at ambient temperatures, such as in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- the solvent is removed by evaporation, and the residue is preferably subjected to extraction.
- Step (13b) yields a mixture of diastereoisomers of compound 1.12: .
- the disclosure relates to a method of synthesizing intermediate (INT13-1), wherein said method comprises step (13c).
- step (13c) refers to a step of subjecting the mixture of diastereoisomers of compound 1.12 to halolactonization, preferably iodolactonization.
- the mixture of diastereoisomers of compound 1.12 is contacted with an organic solvent, preferably dichloromethane, water, and a weak base, preferably hydrogencarbonate, and at least one halogen.
- the at least one halogen is HA2 and HA-, wherein HA is a halogen, more preferably the at least one halogen is I2 and a iodide salt, preferably KI.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (13c) is subjected to extraction.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (13c) is subjected to purification, preferably by chromatography, more preferably by silica column chromatography.
- Step (13c) is preferably carried out at ambient temperatures, preferably in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- Step (13c) affords intermediate (INT13-1) as defined herein.
- the disclosure relates to a method of synthesizing intermediate (INT13-2), wherein said method comprises step (13d).
- step (13d) refers to a step of subjecting the intermediate (INT13-1) to an elimination reaction.
- intermediate (INT13-1) is contacted with an organic solvent, preferably toluene, and a strong base, preferably 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU) or 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN).
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene
- DBN 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene
- the reaction of step (13d) is preferably carried out at a temperature in a range of from 30°C to 90°C, preferably in a range of from 40°C to 80°C, more preferably in a range of from 45° to 65°C.
- step (13d) the reaction mixture obtained in step (13d) is subjected to extraction.
- the reaction mixture obtained in step (13d) is subjected to purification, preferably by chromatography, more preferably by silica column chromatography.
- Step (13d) yields intermediate (INT13-2).
- the disclosure relates to a method of synthesizing intermediate (INT13-3), wherein said method comprises step (13e).
- step (13e) refers to a step of subjecting the intermediate (INT13-2) to ester formation or hydrolysis (step (13eA)) and acetylation (step (13eB)).
- step (13eA) the intermediate (INT13-2) is preferably contacted with water (for hydrolysis) or an alcohol (for ester formation), preferably methanol, and a strong base, preferably KOH and/or NaOH for a hydrolysis reaction, and preferably KOH, NaOH, and/or NaOCH3 for ester formation.
- the reaction of step (13eA) is preferably carried out at a temperature in a range of from 30°C to 90°C, preferably in a range of from 40°C to 80°C, more preferably in a range of from 45° to 65°C.
- step (13eA) is preferably subjected to evaporation to remove the solvent, and the residue is redissolved in an organic solvent, preferably dimethylformamide (DMF), to form a second solution.
- organic solvent preferably dimethylformamide (DMF)
- step (13eB) said second solution is preferably contacted with iodomethane, a base, preferably pyridine and/or 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), an organic solvent, preferably toluene, and an acetylating agent, preferably acetic anhydride.
- DMF dimethylformamide
- step (13eB) the contacting is at a temperature in a range of from -20° to 10°C, preferably in a range of from -5°C to 5°, most preferably of about 0°C, after which the reaction mixture is allowed to reach ambient temperature, preferably in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, more preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, most preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- the reaction mixture of step (13eB) is quenched, and preferably extracted, and preferably subjected to purification, preferably by applying chromatography, more preferably by applying silica column chromatography.
- Step (13e) affords intermediate (INT13-3), wherein preferably IN 2 is -O-CH 3 , and preferably IN 4 is acetyl, which can be obtained with an ester formation in step (13eA) using methanol, and the acetylation of step (13eB).
- Synthesis of conjugates The disclosure also relates to a method of synthesizing a compound of the disclosure wherein R 48 is a releasable group, wherein said method comprises step (CP), wherein step (CP) requires coupling S P or -(S P )j-C A as defined herein to a compound of the disclosure wherein R48 is selected from the group consisting of -OH, halogen, and active carbonate.
- a group S P is coupled in said method, said step is followed by a step of coupling C A as defined herein to said group S P .
- Coupling strategies are well-known in the art and readily available to the skilled person.
- said method comprises the step of contacting -(S P ) j -C A with a compound of the disclosure wherein R48 is an active carbonate, preferably wherein R48 is -OC(O)O-N-succinimidyl, and preferably j is 0.
- the group -(S P )j-C A will contain at least one atom selected from the group consisting of O, S, secondary N, and tertiary N; said group - (S P )j-C A will be coupled via said at least one atom to the -O-C(O)O- group, since N- succinimidyl is a good leaving group.
- R 48 is a releasable group can be formed.
- R 48 is an active carbonate
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-1) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15c) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-1) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-1) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15a) as defined herein, followed by the step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-2) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15d) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-2) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15c) as defined herein, followed by step (15d) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-2) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15b) as defined herein, followed by the step (15c) as defined herein, followed by step (15d) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-2) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15a) as defined herein, followed by step (15b) as defined herein, followed by the step (15c) as defined herein, followed by step (15d) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT15-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15a) as defined herein, followed by step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-1) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13c) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-1) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-1) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13a) as defined herein, followed by the step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-2) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13d) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-2) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13c) as defined herein, followed by step (13d) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-2) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13b) as defined herein, followed by the step (13c) as defined herein, followed by step (13d) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-2) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13a) as defined herein, followed by step (13b) as defined herein, followed by the step (13c) as defined herein, followed by step (13d) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing an intermediate of Formula (INT13-3) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13a) as defined herein, followed by step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound of the disclosure comprises step (PI) as defined herein followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- step (PI) as defined herein followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound of the disclosure may comprise (i) step (PI) as defined herein; (ii) steps (PI) and (SEP) as defined herein; (iii) steps (PI) and (CP) as defined herein; or (iv) steps (PI), (SEP), and (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV- EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III- EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V- EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II- AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV- AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV- EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V- EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15a) as defined herein, followed by step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III- EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V- EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II- EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III- EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V- EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V- EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV- AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV- EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15a) as defined herein, followed by step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III- EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V- EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II- AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV- AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV- EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V- EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV- EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V- EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II- AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV- AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II- AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV- AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ15), (II-AX15), (III-EQ15), (III-AX15), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV- AX15EN), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV-AX15EX), (V-EQ15EN), (V-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EX), and (V-AX15EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (15a) as defined herein, followed by step (15b) as defined herein, followed by step (15c) as defined herein, followed by the step (15d) as defined herein, followed by step (15e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV- EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III- EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V- EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II- AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV- AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV- EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V- EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13a) as defined herein, followed by step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III- EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V- EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II- EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III- EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V- EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V- EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV- AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV- EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13a) as defined herein, followed by step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III- EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V- EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II- AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV- AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV- EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V- EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV- EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V- EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II- AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV- AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II- AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV-AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV- AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- the method for synthesizing a compound according to any one of Formulae (II-EQ13), (II-AX13), (III-EQ13), (III-AX13), (IV-EQ13EN), (IV- AX13EN), (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (V-EQ13EX), and (V-AX13EX) or the enantiomer thereof comprises the step (13a) as defined herein, followed by step (13b) as defined herein, followed by step (13c) as defined herein, followed by the step (13d) as defined herein, followed by step (13e) as defined herein, followed by step (PI) as defined herein, followed by step (SEP) as defined herein, followed by step (CP) as defined herein.
- step (17a) an intermediate of Formula (INT13-2) or an enantiomer thereof is subjected to photoisomerization, yielding compounds 1.17a and 1.17b as disclosed herein in Example 1.14 or enantiomers thereof.
- Said compound 1.17a is herein also referred to as an intermediate of Formula (INTAX13-4), and said compound 1.17b is herein also referred to as an intermediate of Formula (INTEQ13-4).
- step (17b-1) refers to a step of subjecting compound 1.17a to hydrolysis.
- step (17b-1) the compound 1.17a is preferably contacted with a solvent, preferably methanol, and a strong base, preferably KOH and/or NaOH.
- the reaction of step (17b-1) is carried out at a temperature in a range of from 20°C to 70°, preferably in a range of from 25°C to 60°C, and most preferably of from 30°C to 50°C.
- a solvent preferably ethyl acetate.
- the solvent is preferably removed, preferably by evaporation, resulting in a residue.
- the residue is preferably contacted with a solvent, preferably acetonitrile, resulting in a mixture from which compound 1.18a or another salt thereof is isolated, preferably via filtration.
- Step (17b-1) affords compound 1.18a or another salt thereof.
- step (17c-1) refers to a step of subjecting compound 1.18a to ester formation.
- compound 1.18a is contacted with a solvent, preferably an alcohol, more preferably methanol, and a methoxide salt, preferably sodium methoxide.
- a solvent preferably an alcohol, more preferably methanol
- methoxide salt preferably sodium methoxide.
- the resulting solution is preferably mixed at a temperature in a range of from 20°C to 80°, preferably in a range of from 30°C to 70°C, and most preferably of from 40°C to 60°C.
- step (17c-1) affords compound 1.19a.
- the disclosure also pertains to a method for synthesizing a compound of the disclosure having a structure of Formula (III-AX13) or (V-AX13EN) or the enantiomers thereof, wherein said method comprises step (17d-1).
- step (17d-1) refers to a step of subjecting compound 1.19a or the enantiomer thereof to activation.
- step (17d-1) compound 1.19a or the enantiomer thereof is contacted with a solvent, preferably dimethylsulfoxide, and an activating agent, preferably a carbonate, more preferably di-(N- succinimide)-carbonate.
- a solvent preferably dimethylsulfoxide
- an activating agent preferably a carbonate, more preferably di-(N- succinimide)-carbonate.
- the reaction in step (17d-1) is carried out at ambient temperature, preferably in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- Step(17d-1) affords a compound of the disclosure having a structure of Formula (III-AX13) or (V-AX13EN) or the enantiomers thereof, wherein in said compounds R48 is an active carbonate, preferably -OC(O)-O-N- succinimidyl, and R 49 is an active ester, preferably -C(O)-O-N-succinimidyl.
- the disclosure also relates to a method for synthesizing compound 1.18b or another salt thereof as disclosed herein in Example 1.16, wherein said method comprises step (17b-2).
- step (17b-2) refers to a step of subjecting compound 1.17b to hydrolysis.
- step (17b-2) the compound 1.17b is preferably contacted with a solvent, preferably methanol, and a strong base, preferably KOH and/or NaOH.
- a solvent preferably methanol, and a strong base, preferably KOH and/or NaOH.
- the reaction of step (17b-2) is carried out at a temperature in a range of from 20°C to 70°, preferably in a range of from 25°C to 60°C, and most preferably of from 30°C to 50°C.
- a solvent preferably ethyl acetate.
- the solvent is preferably removed, preferably by evaporation, resulting in a residue.
- Step (17b-2) affords compound 1.18b or another salt thereof.
- the disclosure also relates to a method for synthesizing compound 1.19b: O O the enantiomer thereof, wherein said method comprises step (17c-2).
- step (17c-2) refers to a step of subjecting compound 1.18b and/or the enantiomer thereof to ester formation.
- step (17c-2) compound 1.18b and/or the enantiomer thereof is contacted with a solvent, preferably an alcohol, more preferably methanol, and a methoxide salt, preferably sodium methoxide.
- the resulting solution is preferably mixed at a temperature in a range of from 20°C to 80°, preferably in a range of from 30°C to 70°C, and most preferably of from 40°C to 60°C.
- the reaction is preferably neutralized, preferably by contacting the reaction mixture with an acidic ion-exchange resin. Thereafter, the resulting mixture is preferably purified, preferably by filtration. Step (17c-2) affords compound 1.19b and/or the enantiomer thereof.
- step (17d-2) refers to a step of subjecting compound 1.19b or the enantiomer thereof to activation.
- step (17d-2) compound 1.19b or the enantiomer thereof is contacted with a solvent, preferably dimethylsulfoxide, and an activating agent, preferably a carbonate, more preferably di-(N- succinimide)-carbonate.
- the reaction in step (17d-2) is carried out at ambient temperature, preferably in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- Step(17d-1) affords a compound of the disclosure having a structure of Formula (III-EQ13) or (V-EQ13EN) or the enantiomers thereof, wherein in said compounds R48 is an active carbonate, preferably -OC(O)-O-N- succinimidyl, and R 49 is an active ester, preferably -C(O)-O-N-succinimidyl.
- step (EX) refers to a step of contacting a compound of Formula (IV-EQ13EN), (IV- AX13EN), (V-EQ13EN), (V-AX13EN), (IV-EQ15EN), (IV-AX15EN), (V-EQ15EN), (V- AX15EN), or an enantiomer thereof, with a strong base, preferably tert-butoxide, and an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent is typically selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, ether, and combinations thereof.
- a preferred combination is tetrahydryofuran and ethanol.
- the ethanol is dry ethanol.
- the ether is wet ether.
- the organic solvent in step (EX) is tetrahydrofuran or ethanol
- the reaction in step (EX) is carried out at ambient temperature, preferably in a range of from 10°C to 50°C, preferably in a range of from 12°C to 40°C, more preferably in a range of from 15° to 30°C.
- the solvent is removed, preferably by evaporation, yielding a residue.
- the residue is purified, preferably using chromatography, more preferably using silica column chromatography.
- step (EX) yields a compound of Formula (IV-EQ13EX), (IV-AX13EX), (V-EQ13EX), (V-AX13EX), (IV-EQ15EX), (IV- AX15EX), (V-EQ15EX), (V-AX15EX), or an enantiomer thereof.
- Medical use The disclosure further pertains to a compound, composition, or combination, of the disclosure for use as a medicament.
- the use as a medicament means that the dienophile or the combination is used in the treatment of a subject.
- said subject is a human being.
- the disclosure also pertains to the dienophile of the disclosure or the combination according to the disclosure for use in the treatment of a disease in a subject.
- any disease for which drugs are available can be treated using a compound of the disclosure.
- the disease is preferably selected from the group consisting of cancer, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, infection, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases.
- the disease is cancer.
- the subject is preferably a human.
- the disclosure also relates to a method of treating a disease in a subject, wherein said method comprises administering to said subject a compound of the disclosure, a composition of the disclosure, or a combination of the disclosure.
- the disclosure also relates to a use of of a compound of the disclosure, a composition of the disclosure, or a combination of the disclosure, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease.
- the Prodrug i.e. a compound of the disclosure wherein C A is a drug
- the Activator preferably connected to a Targeting Agent
- the Activator is administered first, and it will take a certain time period before the Activator has reached the Primary Target.
- the time period may differ from one application to the other and may be minutes, days or weeks.
- the Prodrug is administered, which will find and react with the Activator.
- the Activator will thus activate the Prodrug and/or afford Drug release at the Primary Target.
- the time interval between the administration of the Activator and the Prodrug is between 10 minutes and 4 weeks.
- the time interval between the administration of the Activator and the Prodrug is between 1 hour and 2 weeks, preferably between 1 and 168 hours, more preferably between 1 and 120 hours, even more preferably between 1 and 96 hours, most preferably between 3 and 72 hours.
- the compounds, compositions, and combinations of the disclosure can be administered via different routes including but not limited to intravenous or subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal, local injection, oral administration, rectal administration and inhalation.
- Formulations suitable for these different types of administrations are known to the skilled person.
- Prodrugs or Activators according to the disclosure can be administered together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a suitable pharmaceutical carrier as used herein relates to a carrier suitable for medical or veterinary purposes, not being toxic or otherwise unacceptable.
- Such carriers are well known in the art and include for example saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
- the formulation should suit the mode of administration. It will be understood that the chemical entities administered, viz.
- a Clearing Agent is an agent, compound, or moiety that is administered to a subject for the purpose of binding to, or complexing with, an administered agent (in this case the Activator) of which excess is to be removed from circulation.
- the Clearing Agent is capable of being directed to removal from circulation.
- the Clearing Agent for removing circulating Activator preferably comprises a dienophile moiety, e.g. as discussed herein, capable of reacting to the diene moiety of the Prodrug.
- the Prodrug is administered first, followed by the Activator, wherein the time interval between the administration of the two components ranges from 1 minute to 12 weeks, preferably 1 minute to 2 weeks, preferably from 10 minutes to 3 days.
- the Prodrug and Activator are administered at the same time, either as two separate administrations or as a co-administration.
- the compound of the disclosure can include a masking moiety that optionally also provides additional advantageous properties.
- the compound of the disclosure can contain a masking moiety that simultaneously extends the serum half-life and/or targets the compound of the disclosure to a desired site.
- this element is removed chemically, by administration of an activator compound, at the desired body location (e.g., in the tumor microenvironment), restoring pharmacokinetic properties to the payload molecule (e.g., IL12) substantially similar to the naturally occurring payload molecule.
- the compound of the disclosures may be targeted to a desired cell or tissue in an active or passive way. As described herein active targeting is typically accomplished through the action of a targeting agent, e.g.
- the compound of the disclosure is designed to passively target the tumor by means of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect.
- EPR Enhanced Permeability and Retention
- the targeting agent may be attached to the the (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety of the compound of the disclosure via a chemically cleavable or non-cleavable linker. If attached by a non-cleavable linker, the targeting domain may further aid in retaining the compound of the disclosure at the target site, for example a tumor, and may be considered a retention domain.
- the targeting domain does not necessarily need to be directly linked to the payload, and may be linked via another element of the compound of the disclosure.
- the disclosure provides a compound of the disclosure comprising a masking moiety, e.g. a polyethylene glycol (PEG) masking domain, preferably as R 49 .
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the masking moiety is conjugated to the the (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety of the compound of the disclosure, through a linker, and can be separated from the payload by cleavage of the construct due to reaction of the Trigger with a separately provided activator.
- the Prodrug of the disclosure is designed to be targeted to the site of desired drug activity, for example the tumor microenvironment, while the presence of the compound of the disclosure at non-desired locations (e.g. non-tumor tissue, or blood circulation), is decreasing over time.
- Administering the activator separated in time from the compound of the disclosure offers selective drug activity concentrated at the desired locations, while avoiding off-target activity and reducing overall toxicity of drug therapy.
- the compound of the disclosure is provided before the activator.
- the activator is provided only once the compound of the disclosure is present at the desired location and at the desired local concentration, while at the same time the compound of the disclosure has been cleared from circulation and non-target tissues to a desired reduced level as compared to the initial level occurring directly after the administration.
- the activator is administered to the subject before the compound of the disclosure is administered to said subject.
- the activator may typically be prelocalized at the target site, for example the tumor microenvironment. Such prelocalization can be achieved by injecting a construct comprising one or more activator moieties at or in the vicinity of the target site.
- Such construct can comprise a biomolecule or a polymer, such as hyaluronic acid, to which the one or more activator moieties are covalently linked.
- the construct typically has a size that enables it to remain at or in the vicinity of the target site, and it is not cleared efficiently.
- Prelocalization of the activator can also be achieved by conjugation of the activator to a targeting agent such as a small molecule, peptide, aptamer, protein, antibody, or antibody fragment, binding a target expressed on the target location (for example a tumor-specific antigen).
- This targeting agent will provide the activator with active tissue targeting.
- a compound of the disclosure of the disclosure may next be injected only once the targeted activator is present at the desired location and at the desired local concentration.
- the compound of the disclosure is preferably administered when the activator has been cleared from circulation and non-target tissues to a desired reduced level as compared to the initial level directly after administration of the activator.
- the prelocalized activator will activate the attenuated Prodrug of the disclosure, thereby restoring complete or nearly complete activity of the drug moiety present in the Prodrug of the disclosure.
- the activator is targeted to the target tissue in a passive way, as described herein for the compound of the disclosure, for example by comprising one or more activator moieties in a construct that targets the tumor by means of the EPR effect (e.g. diene-containing nanoparticles, diene polymer conjugates).
- both the compound of the disclosure and the activator are targeted to the target tissue by either passive or active targeting as described herein.
- the compound of the disclosure can further include a targeting agent such as a small molecule, peptide, antibody, or antibody fragment, binding a target expressed on the target location (for example a tumor-specific antigen).
- This targeting agent will provide the compound of the disclosure with active tissue targeting.
- the activator is provided separately only once the distribution of the compound of the disclosure throughout the body is favourable.
- the activator is conjugated to a targeting agent, comprising a small molecule, (oligo)nucleotide, aptamer, carbohydrate, protein, peptide, peptoid, antibody, or antibody fragment, binding a target expressed on the target location (for example a tumor-specific antigen).
- a targeting agent comprising a small molecule, (oligo)nucleotide, aptamer, carbohydrate, protein, peptide, peptoid, antibody, or antibody fragment, binding a target expressed on the target location (for example a tumor-specific antigen).
- the diene, preferably a tetrazine, and the targeting agent may be joined directly, or through a non-cleavable linker.
- the half-life extension element of the compound of the disclosure can be, for example, human serum albumin, an antigen-binding polypeptide or small molecule that binds human serum albumin, an immunoglobulin Fc, or a water-soluble polypeptide such as polysarcosine, or an optionally branched or multi-armed polyethylene glycol (PEG), all previously employed in the art to extend serum half-life.
- the masking moiety can also function as a serum half-life extension element (e.g. polyethylene glycol).
- the compound of the disclosure comprises a separate serum half-life extension element.
- the masking agent also functions as the targeting agent.
- compositions described herein preferably comprise one or more targeting agents that bind to one or more target antigens or one or more regions on a single target antigen. It is contemplated herein that a compound of the disclosure is cleaved, for example, after the compound of the disclosure has bound to a target antigen present in a disease-specific microenvironment. At least one target antigen is involved in and/or associated with a disease, disorder or condition.
- target antigens include those associated with a proliferative disease, a tumorous disease, an inflammatory disease, an immunological disorder, an autoimmune disease, an infectious disease, a viral disease, an allergic reaction, a parasitic reaction, a graft-versus-host disease or a host-versus-graft disease.
- the target antigen is a cell surface molecule such as a protein, lipid or polysaccharide.
- the target antigen is present on a tumor cell, virally infected cell, bacterially infected cell, damaged red blood cell, arterial plaque cell, or fibrotic tissue cell.
- Cell surface target antigens typically are expressed on the surface of a diseased cell or tissue, for example a tumor or a cancer cell, or an immune cell.
- target antigens for tumors include but are not limited to Trophoblast glycoprotein (5T4), Tumor- associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop2), CGS-2, EpCAM, EGFR, HER-2, HER-3, c- Met, FOLR1, TAG72, and CEA.
- the target antigen is a molecule such as a protein, lipid or polysaccharide present in the direct vicinity of the diseased cell, e.g. the tumor microenvironment. Typically these molecules are found in the extracellular matrix, and not anymore directly connected to a cell.
- target antigens for tumors include but are not limited to Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPa), Tenacin C, Tenacin W, Fibronectin EDB (EDB-FN), and fibronectin EIIIB domain.
- the targeting polypeptides independently comprise a scFv, a VH domain, a VL domain, a non-Ig domain, or a ligand that specifically binds to the target antigen.
- the targeting polypeptide serves as a retention domain and is attached to the drug via a non-cleavable linker.
- This disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions that comprise a compound of the disclosure or a composition according to the disclosure.
- the pharmaceutical composition contains one or more physiologically acceptable carriers and/or excipients.
- the disclosure also relates to therapeutic methods that include administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure, and/or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and administering (either before, after or simultaneously with the administration of the compound of the disclosure) an effective amount of the activator molecule.
- the subject has, or is at risk of developing, a proliferative disease, a tumorous disease, an inflammatory disease, an immunological disorder, an autoimmune disease, an infectious disease, a viral disease, an allergic reaction, a parasitic reaction, a graft-versus-host disease or a host-versus-graft disease.
- the disclosure further relates to methods for treating a tumor or cancer that include administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure, and administering (either before, after or simultaneously with the administration of the compound of the disclosure) an effective amount of the activator molecule.
- the method for treating a tumor or cancer can include administering an effective amount of the compound of the disclosure and activator intravenously.
- the method for treating a tumor or cancer can include administering an effective amount of the compound of the disclosure intravenously, while the activator is administered orally.
- the method for treating a tumor or cancer can include administering an effective amount of the compound of the disclosure intravenously, while the activator is administered by intratumoral injection.
- the method can further include combinatorial administration of an additional therapeutic agent (e.g. a chemotherapeutic agent, or an immune checkpoint inhibitor).
- an additional therapeutic agent e.g. a chemotherapeutic agent, or an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
- Method for imaging and/or for off-target deactivation of radiotherapeutics The disclosure also pertains to a non-therapeutic method for imaging a compound according to the disclosure, in a subject, preferably a human, said non-therapeutic method comprising the steps of (a) administering the compound according to the disclosure to the subject; (b) imaging the compound according to the disclosure, present in the subject; wherein the compound according to the disclosure comprises a label, typically as Construct B, wherein the label is selected from the group consisting of radionuclides, fluorescent dyes, and phosphorescent dyes.
- the method of administering is as defined herein.
- the disclosure also pertains to a non-therapeutic method for imaging a compound according to the disclosure, in a subject, preferably a human, said non-therapeutic method comprising the steps of (a) prelocalizing an Activator as defined herein, in the subject; (b) administering the compound according to the disclosure to the subject; (c) imaging the compound according to the disclosure, present in the subject; wherein the compound according to the disclosure comprises a label, typically as Construct B, wherein the label is selected from the group consisting of radionuclides, fluorescent dyes, and phosphorescent dyes.
- step (a) is carried out by administering an Activator comprising a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody, preferably as C B , or by administering, preferably by injection, a multimeric Activator, preferably a polymer, more preferably hyaluronic acid, coupled to one or more dienes as defined herein.
- a multimeric Activator preferably a polymer, more preferably hyaluronic acid, coupled to one or more dienes as defined herein.
- the prelocalization can be at any preferred site within the subject, preferably a tumour, kidney, liver, or other organs.
- the method of administering is as defined herein.
- the disclosure also pertains to a non-therapeutic method for imaging an Activator as defined herein, in a subject, preferably a human, said non-therapeutic method comprising the steps of (a) prelocalizing a compound according to the disclosure, in the subject; (b) administering the Activator to the subject; (c) imaging the Activator, present in the subject; wherein the Activator comprises a label, typically as Construct B, wherein the label is selected from the group consisting of radionuclides, fluorescent dyes, and phosphorescent dyes.
- step (a) is carried out by administering a compound of the disclosure comprising a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody, preferably as C B , or by administering, preferably by injection, a multimeric compound of the disclosure, preferably a polymer, more preferably hyaluronic acid, coupled to one or more compounds of the disclosure.
- a Targeting Agent preferably an antibody, preferably as C B
- a multimeric compound of the disclosure preferably a polymer, more preferably hyaluronic acid, coupled to one or more compounds of the disclosure.
- the prelocalization can be at any preferred site within the subject, preferably a tumour, kidney, liver, or other organs.
- the method of administering is as defined herein.
- the disclosure also relates to a non-therapeutic method for imaging a compound according to the disclosure in a subject, preferably a human, said non-therapeutic method comprising the steps of (a) administering a compound according to the disclosure, to the subject; (b) administering an Activator as defined herein, to said subject; and (c) imaging the compound according to the disclosure present in the subject; wherein the compound according to the disclosure comprises a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody, and a radionuclide, preferably a chelating moiety comprising a radionuclide; and wherein the Activator is preferably a Cleaving Agent as defined in WO2020/256545.
- a Targeting Agent preferably an antibody
- a radionuclide preferably a chelating moiety comprising a radionuclide
- the Activator is preferably a Cleaving Agent as defined in WO2020/256545.
- the Targeting Agent is C A or part of C A
- the radionuclide is C B or part of C B
- the Targeting Agent is C B or part of C B
- the radionuclide is C A or part of C A
- the method of administering is as defined herein.
- the disclosure also relates to a non-therapeutic method for imaging an Activator as defined herein, in a subject, preferably a human, said non-therapeutic method comprising the steps of (a) administering an Activator as defined herein, to said subject; (b) administering a compound according to the disclosure, to the subject; and (c) imaging the Activator present in the subject; wherein the Activator comprises a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody, and a radionuclide, preferably a chelating moiety comprising a radionuclide; and wherein the Activator is preferably a diene according to Formula (15) as defined herein.
- a Targeting Agent preferably an antibody
- a radionuclide preferably a chelating moiety comprising a radionuclide
- the Activator is preferably a diene according to Formula (15) as defined herein.
- the Targeting Agent is C A or part of C A
- the radionuclide is C B or part of C B
- the Targeting Agent is C B or part of C B
- the radionuclide is C A or part of C A
- the compound according to the disclosure acts as a Cleaving Agent.
- the method of administering is as defined herein.
- the disclosure also relates to a non-therapeutic method for off-target deactivation of a radiotherapeutic in a subject, preferably a human, said non-therapeutic method comprising the steps of (a) administering a compound according to the disclosure, to the subject; and (b) administering an Activator as defined herein, to said subject; wherein the compound according to the disclosure comprises a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody, and a radionuclide, preferably a chelating moiety comprising a radionuclide; and wherein the Activator is preferably a Cleaving Agent as defined in WO2020/256545.
- a Targeting Agent preferably an antibody
- a radionuclide preferably a chelating moiety comprising a radionuclide
- the Activator is preferably a Cleaving Agent as defined in WO2020/256545.
- the Targeting Agent is C A or part of C A
- the radionuclide is C B or part of C B
- the Targeting Agent is C B or part of C B
- the radionuclide is C A or part of C A
- the method of administering is as defined herein.
- the disclosure also relates to a non-therapeutic method for off-target deactivation of a radiotherapeutic in a subject, preferably a human, said non-therapeutic method comprising the steps of (a) administering an Activator as defined herein, to said subject; and (b) administering a compound according to the disclosure, to the subject; wherein the Activator comprises a Targeting Agent, preferably an antibody, and a radionuclide, preferably a chelating moiety comprising a radionuclide; and wherein the Activator is preferably a diene according to Formula (15) as defined herein.
- the Targeting Agent is C A or part of C A
- the radionuclide is C B or part of C B
- the Targeting Agent is C B or part of C B
- the radionuclide is C A or part of C A
- the compound according to the disclosure acts as a Cleaving Agent.
- the method of administering is as defined herein.
- Use of the compounds of the disclosure The disclosure further pertains to the use of a compound of the disclosure in a bioorthogonal reaction, wherein preferably said use is in vitro and/or non-therapeutic.
- the bioorthogonal reaction is with a diene, preferably as defined herein.
- Such uses may include releasing payloads in vitro, imaging in a subject, and synthesis.
- Spacers S P person is aware, the specific structure of a spacer used in either a dienophile or diene as described herein does not typically influence whether the payload is released. However, in some cases specific spacers are preferred.
- the spacer between e.g. the allylic carbon of the (E)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene moiety and the payload is preferably a self-immolative linker.
- a linker which is typically referred to as L C herein, ensures that upon release of the end of the linker connected to said allylic carbon, a further rearrangement or reaction takes place, after which the payload is decoupled from the linker L C .
- L C linker
- first spacers in general are discussed, and thereafter the more specific self-immolative linkers.
- a spacer S P as used herein is a moiety according to RG2, more preferably any one of the preferred and/or specific embodiments thereof.
- a spacer S P consists of one or multiple Spacer Units S U arranged linearly and/or branched and may be connected to one or more C B moieties and/or one or more L C or T R moieties.
- a Spacer unit does not necessarily connect two entities together, it may also be bound to only one component, e.g. the T R or L C .
- the Spacer may comprise a Spacer Unit linking C B to T R and in addition may comprise another Spacer Unit that is only bound to the Spacer and serves to modulate the properties of the conjugate (Example F below; with reference to Formula 5a and 5b: e ⁇ 1).
- the Spacer may also consist of two different types of S U constructs, e.g. a PEG linked to a peptide, or a PEG linked to an alkylene moiety (Example E below; with reference to Formula 5a and 5b: e ⁇ 1).
- Example B depicts a S U that is branched by using a multivalent branched S U .
- Example C depicts a S U that is branched by using a linear S U polymer, such as a peptide, whose side chain residues serve as conjugation groups.
- the Spacer may be bound to the Activator in similar designs such as depicted in above examples A- F.
- Each individual spacer unit S U may be independently selected from the group of radicals according to RG2.
- the Spacer Units include but are not limited to amino acids, nucleosides, nucleotides, and biopolymer fragments, such as oligo- or polypeptides, oligo- or polypeptoids, or oligo- or polylactides, or oligo- or poly-carbohydrates, varying from 2 to 200, particularly 2 to 113, preferably 2 to 50, more preferably 2 to 24 and more preferably 2 to 12 repeating units.
- Preferred biopolymer S U are peptides.
- each S U comprises at most 50 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 25 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 10 carbon atoms.
- the S U is independently selected from the group consisting of (CH 2 ) r , (C 3 -C 8 carbocyclo), O-(CH 2 ) r , arylene, (CH 2 ) r -arylene, arylene-(CH 2 ) r , (CH 2 ) r -(C 3 -C 8 carbocyclo), (C 3 -C 8 carbocyclo)-(CH 2 ) r , (C 3 -C 8 heterocyclo), (CH 2 ) r -(C 3 -C 8 heterocyclo), (C3-C8 heterocyclo)-(CH2)r, -(CH2)rC(O)NR’(CH2)r, (CH2CH2O)r, (CH 2 CH 2 O) r CH 2 ,(CH 2 ) r C(O)NR’(CH 2 CH 2 O) r , (CH 2 ) r C(O)NR’(CH 2 CH 2 O) r CH 2, (CH 2
- each R’ is independently selected from the group consisting of radicals according to RG1.
- R’ is hydrogen.
- Other examples of Spacer Units S U are linear or branched polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polypropylene glycol (PPG) chains varying from 2 to 200, particularly 2 to 113, preferably 2 to 50, more preferably 2 to 24 and more preferably 2 to 12 repeating units. It is preferred that when polyalkylene glycols such as PEG and PPG polymers are only bound via one end of the polymer chain, that the other end is terminated with -OCH3, -OCH 2 CH 3 , OCH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H.
- polymeric Spacer Units are polymers and copolymers such as poly-(2-oxazoline), poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (HPMA), polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA), polyglutamic acid (PG), dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethyl-formal (PHF).
- polymers and copolymers such as poly-(2-oxazoline), poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (HPMA), polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA), polyglutamic acid (PG), dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethyl-formal (PHF).
- Other exemplary polymers are polysaccharides, glycopolysaccharides, glycolipids, polyglycoside, polyacetals, polyketals, polyamides, polyether
- Examples of naturally occurring polysaccharides that can be used as S U are cellulose, amylose, dextran, dextrin, levan, fucoidan, carraginan, inulin, pectin, amylopectin, glycogen, lixenan, agarose, hyaluronan, chondroitinsulfate, dermatansulfate, keratansulfate, alginic acid and heparin.
- the polymeric S U comprises a copolymer of a polyacetal/polyketal and a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyvinyl polymers, polyesters, polyorthoesters, polyamides, oligopeptides, polypeptides and derivatives thereof.
- Preferred polymeric S U are PEG, HPMA, PLA, PLGA, PVP, PHF, dextran, oligopeptides, and polypeptides.
- polymers used in a S U have a molecular weight ranging from 2 to 200 kDa, from 2 to 100 kDa, from 2 to 80 kDa, from 2 to 60 kDa, from 2 to 40 kDa, from 2 to 20 kDa, from 3 to 15 kDa, from 5 to 10 kDa, from 500 dalton to 5 kDa.
- dendrimers such as poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers, PAMAM dendrimers, and glycol-based dendrimers.
- the S U of the disclosure expressly include but are not limited to conjugates prepared with commercially available cross-linker reagents such as BMPEO, BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVS, LC-SMCC, MBS, MPBH, SBAP, SIA, SIAB, SMCC, SMPB, SMPH, sulfo-EMCS, sulfo-GMBS, sulfo- KMUS, sulfo-MBS, sulfo-SIAB, sulfo-SMCC, sulfo-SMPB, and SVSB, DTME, BMB, BMDB, BMH, BMOE, BM(PEO)3 and BM(PEO)4.
- a branching Spacer may use a S U based on one or several natural or non-natural amino acids, amino alcohol, aminoaldehyde, or polyamine residues or combinations thereof that collectively provide the required functionality for branching.
- serine has three functional groups, i.e. acid, amino and hydroxyl groups and may be viewed as a combined amino acid an aminoalcohol residue for purpose of acting as a branching S U .
- Other exemplary amino acids are lysine and tyrosine.
- the Spacer consists of one Spacer Unit, therefore in those cases S P equals S U .
- the Spacer consists of two, three or four Spacer Units.
- S P has a molecular weight ranging from 2 to 200 kDa, from 2 to 100 kDa, from 2 to 80 kDa, from 2 to 60 kDa, from 2 to 40 kDa, from 2 to 20 kDa, from 3 to 15 kDa, from 5 to 10 kDa, or from 500 dalton to 5 kDa.
- the S P has a mass of no more than 5000 daltons, no more than 4000 daltons, no more than 3000 daltons, no more than 2000 daltons, no more than 1000 daltons, no more than 800 daltons, no more than 500 daltons, no more than 300 daltons, no more than 200 daltons.
- the S P has a mass from 100 daltons, from 200 daltons, from 300 daltons to 5000 daltons. In some aspects of the S P has a mass from 30, 50, or 100 daltons to 1000 daltons, from about 30, 50, or 100 daltons to 500 daltons.
- S P comprises a moiety RG2a, RG2b, RG2c, or a residue of RG1f, as described herein.
- said RG2a, RG2b, RG2c, or a residue of RG1f connects the S P to C B , L C , or T R .
- Self-immolative linkers L C L C is an optional self-immolative linker, which may consist of multiple units arranged linearly and/or branched.
- the possible L C structures, their use, position and ways of attachment of linkers L C , C A and the T R are known to the skilled person, see for example [Papot et al., Anticancer Agents Med. Chem., 2008, 8, 618-637].
- preferred but non-limiting examples of self-immolative linkers L C are benzyl-derivatives, such as those drawn below. There are two main self-immolation mechanisms: electron cascade elimination and cyclization-mediated elimination.
- the preferred example below on the left functions by means of the cascade mechanism, wherein the bond between the allylic carbon of the Trigger and the -O- or -S- attached to said carbon is cleaved, and an electron pair of Y C1 , for example an electron pair of NR 6 , shifts into the benzyl moiety resulting in an electron cascade and the formation of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, CO 2 and the liberated payload.
- the preferred example in the middle functions by means of the cyclization mechanism, wherein cleavage of the bond to the NR 6 on the side of the Trigger leads to nucleophilic attack of the amine on the carbonyl, forming a 5-ring 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one and liberating the payload.
- This linker will degrade not only into CO 2 and one unit of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (when Y C1 is O), but also into one 1,3- dimethylimidazolidin-2-one unit. a - or - on cyclooctene, and the double dashed line indicates a bond to C A .
- L C By substituting the benzyl groups of aforementioned self-immolative linkers L C , it is possible to tune the rate of release of the payload, caused by either steric and/or electronic effects on the cyclization and/or cascade release. Synthetic procedures to prepare such substituted benzyl-derivatives are known to the skilled person (see for example [Greenwald et al, J. Med.
- Self-immolative linkers that undergo cyclization include but are not limited to substituted and unsubstituted aminobutyric acid amide, appropriately substituted bicyclo[2.2.1] and bicyclo[2.2.2] ring system, 2-aminophenylpropionic acid amides, and trimethyl lock-based linkers, see e.g. [Chem. Biol.1995, 2, 223], [J. Am. Chem. Soc.1972, 94, 5815], [J. Org.
- the L C has a mass of no more than 1000 daltons, no more than 500 daltons, no more than 400 daltons, no more than 300 daltons, or from 10, 50 or 100 to 1000 daltons, from 10, 50, 100 to 400 daltons, from 10, 50, 100 to 300 daltons, from 10, 50, 100 to 200 daltons, e.g., 10-1000 daltons, such as 50-500 daltons, such as 100 to 400 daltons.
- one L C may be connected to another L C that is bound to C A , wherein upon reaction of the Activator with the Trigger T R , L C -L C -C A is released from the T R , leading to self-immolative release of both L C moietes and the payload.
- the L C linking the T R to the other L C then does not release the payload but an L C that is bound via Y C1 and further links to C A .
- this principle also holds for further linkers L C linked to L C , e.g. L C -L C -L C -L C -C A .
- the releasable group contains a self-immolative linker
- the releasable group is according to any one of Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV as shown below.
- bonds to Construct A and an atom (typically oxygen) on the allylic position of the trans-cyclooctene ring are shown for reasons of clarity, but said Construct A and said atom are part of the releasable group.
- both R 8 and R 9 are hydrogen.
- the releasable group according to Group II is , may also indicate a bond to -S- on the allylic position of the trans- cyclooctene, wherein m is an integer between 0 and 2, preferably m is 0, wherein e is 0 or 1.
- R 8 and R 9 are hydrogen.
- R 7 is methyl or isopropyl.
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 comprised in said Group I, and II are -(S P ) i -C B .
- Y C1 is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, and -NR 6 -, preferably -NR 6 -.
- Y C2 is selected from the group consisting of O and S, preferably O.
- Releasable groups according to Group III are , may a - on of the trans- cyclooctene.
- Releasable groups according to Group IV are , - cyclooctene.
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 are according to RG1 or any preferred embodiment thereof.
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 used in this Section are not substituted. Most preferably, R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 used in this Section are hydrogen.
- the only relevant components of the device are A and B.
- the compounds disclosed in this description and in the claims may comprise one or more asymmetric centres, and different diastereomers and/or enantiomers may exist of the compounds.
- the description of any diene in this description and in the claims is meant to include all diastereomers, and mixtures thereof, unless stated otherwise.
- the description of any compound in this description and in the claims is meant to include both the individual enantiomers, as well as any mixture, racemic or otherwise, of the enantiomers, unless stated otherwise.
- the compounds disclosed in this description and in the claims may further exist as exo and endo diastereoisomers.
- the description of any compound in the description and in the claims is meant to include both the individual exo and the individual endo diastereoisomers of a compound, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the structure of a compound is depicted as a specific endo or exo diastereomer, it is to be understood that the disclosure of the present application is not limited to that specific endo or exo diastereomer, unless stated otherwise.
- the compounds of the disclosure and/or groups thereof may be protonated or deprotonated. It will be understood that it is possible that a compound may bear multiple charges which may be of opposite sign.
- the amine in a compound containing an amine and a carboxylic acid, the amine may be protonated while simultaneously the carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
- groups or substituents are indicated with reference to letters such as “A”, “B”, “X”, “Y”, and various (numbered) “R” groups.
- the number of repeating units may be referred to with a letter, e.g. n in -(CH 2 ) n -.
- the definitions of these letters are to be read with reference to each formula, i.e. in different formulae these letters, each independently, can have different meanings unless indicated otherwise.
- alkyl In several chemical formulae and texts below reference is made to “alkyl”, “heteroalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, “alkylene”, “alkenylene”, “alkynylene”, “arylene”, “cycloalkyl”, “cycloalkenyl”, “cycloakynyl”, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms that these groups have, excluding the carbon atoms comprised in any optional substituents as defined below, can be indicated by a designation preceding such terms (e.g. “C 1 -C 8 alkyl” means that said alkyl may have from 1 to 8 carbon atoms).
- a butyl group substituted with a -OCH3 group is designated as a C4 alkyl, because the carbon atom in the substituent is not included in the carbon count.
- Unsubstituted alkyl groups have the general formula C n H 2n+1 and may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl groups are substituted by one or more substituents further specified in this document. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-propyl, t-butyl, 1-hexyl, 1-dodecyl, etc.
- a cycloalkyl group is a cyclic alkyl group.
- Unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups comprise at least three carbon atoms and have the general formula CnH2n-1.
- the cycloalkyl groups are substituted by one or more substituents further specified in this document.
- Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
- An alkenyl group comprises one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and may be linear or branched.
- Unsubstituted alkenyl groups comprising one C-C double bond have the general formula C n H 2n-1 .
- Unsubstituted alkenyl groups comprising two C-C double bonds have the general formula C n H 2n-3 .
- An alkenyl group may comprise a terminal carbon-carbon double bond and/or an internal carbon-carbon double bond.
- a terminal alkenyl group is an alkenyl group wherein a carbon-carbon double bond is located at a terminal position of a carbon chain.
- An alkenyl group may also comprise two or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Examples of an alkenyl group include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, t-butenyl, 1,3- butadienyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, etc. Unless stated otherwise, an alkenyl group may optionally be substituted with one or more, independently selected, substituents as defined below.
- a cycloalkenyl group is a cyclic alkenyl group.
- An unsubstituted cycloalkenyl group comprising one double bond has the general formula CnH2n-3.
- a cycloalkenyl group is substituted by one or more substituents further specified in this document.
- An example of a cycloalkenyl group is cyclopentenyl.
- An alkynyl group comprises one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds, and may be linear or branched. Unsubstituted alkynyl groups comprising one C-C triple bond have the general formula C n H 2n-3 .
- An alkynyl group may comprise a terminal carbon-carbon triple bond and/or an internal carbon-carbon triple bond.
- a terminal alkynyl group is an alkynyl group wherein a carbon-carbon triple bond is located at a terminal position of a carbon chain.
- An alkynyl group may also comprise two or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. Unless stated otherwise, an alkynyl group may optionally be substituted with one or more, independently selected, substituents as defined below. Examples of an alkynyl group include ethynyl, propynyl, isopropynyl, t-butynyl, etc.
- a cycloalkynyl group is a cyclic alkynyl group. An unsubstituted cycloalkynyl group comprising one triple bond has the general formula CnH2n-5.
- a cycloalkynyl group is substituted by one or more substituents further specified in this document.
- An example of a cycloalkynyl group is cyclooctynyl.
- An aryl group refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system that comprises six to twenty-four carbon atoms, more preferably six to twelve carbon atoms, and may include monocyclic and polycyclic structures. When the aryl group is a polycyclic structure, it is preferably a bicyclic structure.
- the aryl group may be substituted by one or more substituents further specified in this document. Examples of aryl groups are phenyl and naphthyl. Preferably, an aryl groups is phenyl.
- Arylalkyl groups and alkylaryl groups comprise at least seven carbon atoms and may include monocyclic and bicyclic structures.
- the arylalkyl groups and alkylaryl may be substituted by one or more substituents further specified in this document.
- An arylalkyl group is for example benzyl.
- An alkylaryl group is for example 4-tert-butylphenyl.
- heteroaryl groups comprise five to sixteen carbon atoms and contain between one to five heteroatoms.
- Heteroaryl groups comprise at least two carbon atoms (i.e. at least C 2 ) and one or more heteroatoms N, O, P or S.
- a heteroaryl group may have a monocyclic or a bicyclic structure.
- heteroaryl group may be substituted by one or more substituents further specified in this document.
- suitable heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, triazolyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, purinyl, benzoxazolyl, thienyl, phospholyl and oxazolyl.
- Heteroarylalkyl groups and alkylheteroaryl groups comprise at least three carbon atoms (i.e. at least C 3 ) and may include monocyclic and bicyclic structures.
- the heteroaryl groups may be substituted by one or more substituents further specified in this document.
- an aryl group is denoted as a (hetero)aryl group, the notation is meant to include an aryl group and a heteroaryl group.
- an alkyl(hetero)aryl group is meant to include an alkylaryl group and an alkylheteroaryl group
- (hetero)arylalkyl is meant to include an arylalkyl group and a heteroarylalkyl group.
- a C2-C24 (hetero)aryl group is thus to be interpreted as including a C 2 -C 24 heteroaryl group and a C 6 -C 24 aryl group.
- a C 3 - C24 alkyl(hetero)aryl group is meant to include a C7-C24 alkylaryl group and a C3-C24 alkylheteroaryl group
- a C3-C24 (hetero)arylalkyl is meant to include a C7-C24 arylalkyl group and a C 3 -C 24 heteroarylalkyl group.
- (hetero) when (hetero) is placed before a group, it refers to both the variant of the group without the prefix hetero- as well as the group with the prefix hetero-.
- the prefix hetero- denotes that the group contains one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, S, P, and Si.
- the one or more heteroatoms is selected from the group consisting of O, N, S, and P. It will be understood that for any compound containing a heteroatom, the N, S, and P atoms are optionally oxidized and the N atoms are optionally quaternized. Preferably, up to two heteroatoms are consecutive, such as in for example -CH2-NH-OCH3 and -CH2-O-Si(CH3)3. More preferably, however, the heteroatoms are not directly bound to one another.
- a C1-C4 heteroalkyl contains at most 2 heteroatoms.
- the prefix hetero- is used for combinations of groups, the prefix hetero- only refers to the one group before it is directly placed.
- heteroarylalkyl denotes the combination of a heteroaryl group and an alkyl group, not the combination of a heteroaryl and a heteroalkyl group.
- the prefix cyclo- denotes that groups are cyclic. It will be understood that when the prefix cyclo- is used for combinations of groups, the prefix cyclo- only refers to the one group before it is directly placed.
- cycloalkylalkenylene denotes the combination of a cycloalkylene group (see the definition of the suffix -ene below) and an alkenylene group, not the combination of a cycloalkylene and a cycloalkenylene group.
- (cyclo) when (cyclo) is placed before a group, it refers to both the variant of the group without the prefix cyclo- as well as the group with the prefix cyclo-.
- the suffix -ene denotes divalent groups, i.e. that the group is linked to at least two other moieties.
- An example of an alkylene is propylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -), which is linked to another moiety at both termini. It is understood that if a group with the suffix -ene is substituted at one position with -H, then this group is identical to a group without the suffix.
- an alkylene attached to an -H is identical to an alkyl group. I.e.
- groups when combinations of groups are listed with the suffix -ene, it refers to a divalent group, i.e. that the group is linked to at least two other moieties, wherein each group of the combination contains one linkage to one of these two moieties.
- alkylarylene is understood as a combination of an arylene group and an alkylene group.
- an alkylarylene group is -phenyl-CH 2 -
- an example of an arylalkylene group is -CH 2 -phenyl-.
- a hetero group may contain a heteroatom at non-terminal positions or at one or more terminal positions.
- “terminal” refers to the terminal position within the group, and not necessarily to the terminal position of the entire compound.
- C2 heteroalkylene may refer to -NH-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-NH-CH2-, and -CH2-CH2- NH-.
- C2 heteroalkyl may refer to -NH-CH2-CH3, -CH2-NH-CH3, and -CH2- CH 2 -NH 2 .
- cyclic compounds i.e. aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, etc.
- cyclic compounds are understood to be monocyclic, polycyclic or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms for cyclic compounds not only refers to the number of carbon atoms in one ring, but that the carbon atoms may be comprised in multiple rings. These rings may be fused to the main ring or substituted onto the main ring.
- C 10 aryl optionally containing heteroatoms may refer to inter alia a naphthyl group (fused rings) or to e.g. a bipyridyl group (substituted rings, both containing an N atom).
- any group disclosed herein that is not cyclic is understood to be linear or branched.
- (hetero)alkyl groups, (hetero)alkenyl groups, (hetero)alkynyl groups, (hetero)alkylene groups, (hetero)alkenylene groups, (hetero)alkynylene groups, and the like are linear or branched, unless stated otherwise.
- the general term "sugar” is herein used to indicate a monosaccharide, for example glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man) and fucose (Fuc).
- sugar derivative is herein used to indicate a derivative of a monosaccharide sugar, i.e. a monosaccharide sugar comprising substituents and/or functional groups.
- sugar derivative include amino sugars and sugar acids, e.g.
- glucosamine (GlcNH2), galactosamine (GalNH2) N- acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), sialic acid (Sia) which is also referred to as N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc), and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (ldoA).
- a sugar may be without further substitution, and then it is understood to be a monosaccharide.
- a sugar may be further substituted with at one or more of its hydroxyl groups, and then it is understood to be a disaccharide or an oligosaccharide.
- a disaccharide contains two monosaccharide moieties linked together.
- An oligosaccharide chain may be linear or branched, and may contain from 3 to 10 monosaccharide moieties.
- amino acid is used herein in its normal scientific meaning. In particular, amino acids in relation to the disclosure comprise both natural and unnatural amino acids.
- amino acids as used herein are selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, azidolysine, beta-alanine (bAla), 4-aminomethyl phenylalanine (Amf), 4- guanidine phenylalanine (Gnf), 4-aminomethyl-N-isopropyl phenylalanine (Iaf), 3-pyridyl alanine (Pya), 4-piperidyl alanine (Ppa), 4-aminomethyl cyclohexyl alanine (Ama), 4- aminocyclohexyl alanine (Aca), ornithine (
- an amino acid as referred to herein is a natural amino acid.
- the term "protein” is herein used in its normal scientific meaning.
- polypeptides comprising about 10 or more amino acids are considered proteins.
- a protein may comprise natural, but also unnatural amino acids.
- the term “protein” herein is understood to comprise antibodies and antibody fragments.
- the term “peptide” is herein used in its normal scientific meaning.
- peptides are considered to comprise a number of amino acids in a range of from 2 to 9.
- eptoid is herein used in its normal scientific meaning.
- An antibody is a protein generated by the immune system that is capable of recognizing and binding to a specific antigen.
- immunoglobulins from any of the classes or subclasses may be selected, e.g. IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE.
- the immunoglobulin is of the class IgG including but not limited to IgG subclasses (IgG1, 2, 3 and 4) or class IgM which is able to specifically bind to a specific epitope on an antigen.
- Antibodies can be intact immunoglobulins derived from natural sources or from recombinant sources and can be immunoreactive portions of intact immunoglobulins.
- Antibodies may exist in a variety of forms including, for example, polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, camelized single domain antibodies, recombinant antibodies, anti- idiotype antibodies, multispecific antibodies, antibody fragments, such as, Fv, VHH, Fab, F(ab) 2 , Fab', Fab'-SH, F(ab') 2 , single chain variable fragment antibodies (scFv), tandem/bis- scFv, Fc, pFc', scFv-Fc, disulfide Fv (dsFv), bispecific antibodies (bc-scFv) such as BiTE antibodies, trispecific antibody derivatives such as tribodies, camelid antibodies, minibodies, nanobodies, resurfaced antibodies, humanized antibodies, fully human antibodies, single domain antibodies (sdAb, also known as Nanobody TM ), chimeric antibodies, chimeric antibodies comprising at least one human constant region, dual-affinity antibodies such as dual-affinity retargeting proteins (
- Antibody fragment refers to at least a portion of the variable region of the immunoglobulin that binds to its target, i.e. the antigen-binding region.
- antibody mimetics as Drug D D or Targeting Agent T T , such as but not limited to Affimers, Anticalins, Avimers, Alphabodies, Affibodies, DARPins, and multimers and derivatives thereof; reference is made to [Trends in Biotechnology 2015, 33, 2, 65], the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- antibody is meant to encompass all of the antibody variations, fragments, derivatives, fusions, analogs and mimetics outlined in this paragraph, unless specified otherwise.
- Preferred antibodies in relation to the disclosure are CC49 and AVP0458.
- AVP0458 The amino acid sequence of one monomer of AVP0458 is depicted in Figure 4 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- AVP0458 consists of two monomers, wherein each of the two monomers has an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1.
- a spacer is herein defined as a moiety that connects two or more elements of a compound.
- the terms “spacer” and “linker” are used herein interchangeably.
- a spacer is herein denoted as S P , and the more specific self-immolative linkers as L C .
- each individual S P is linked at all ends to the remainder of the structure” this refers to the fact that the spacer S P connects multiple moieties within a structure, and therefore the spacer has multiple ends by defintion.
- the spacer S P may be linked to each individual moiety via different or identical moieties that may be each individually selected. Typically, these linking moieties are to be seen to be part of spacer S P itself. In case the spacer S P links two moieties within a structure, “all ends” should be interpreted as “both ends”.
- an organic molecule is defined as a molecule comprising a C-H bond.
- Organic compound and organic molecule are used synonymously.
- an inorganic molecule is defined as any molecule not being an organic molecule, i.e. not comprising a C-H bond.
- a “small molecule” is preferably a small organic molecule.
- a small molecule has a molecular weight of at most 2 kDa, more preferably at most 1 kDa, more preferably at most 750 Da, more preferably at most 500 Da, and most preferably at most 300 Da.
- a small molecule has a molecular weight of at least 15 Da, more preferably at least 50 Da, more preferably at least 75 Da, and most preferably at least 100 Da.
- “particle” is preferably defined as a microparticle or a nanoparticle.
- a “primary target” as used in the present disclosure can be any molecule, which is present in an organism, tissue or cell.
- a “primary target” relates to a target for a targeting agent for therapy, imaging, theranostics, diagnostics, or in vitro studies.
- the term “salt thereof” means a compound formed when an acidic proton, typically a proton of an acid, is replaced by a cation, such as a metal cation or an organic cation and the like.
- the term “salt thereof” also means a compound formed when an amine is protonated. Where applicable, the salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, although this is not required for salts that are not intended for administration to a patient.
- a salt of a compound the compound may be protonated by an inorganic or organic acid to form a cation, with the conjugate base of the inorganic or organic acid as the anionic component of the salt.
- pharmaceutically accepted salt means a salt that is acceptable for administration to a patient, such as a mammal (salts with counter-ions having acceptable mammalian safety for a given dosage regime). Such salts may be derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic bases and from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acids.
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound, which salts are derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter ions known in the art and include, for example, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, etc., and when the molecule contains a basic functionality, salts of organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, formate, tartrate, besylate, mesylate, acetate, maleate, oxalate, etc.
- the unified atomic mass unit or Dalton is herein abbreviated to Da.
- Dalton is a regular unit for molecular weight and that 1 Da is equivalent to 1 g/mol (grams per mole). It will be understood that herein, the terms “moiety” and “group” are used interchangeably when referring to a part of a molecule. It will be understood that when a heteroatom is denoted as -X(R’) 2 -, wherein X is the heteroatom and R’ is a certain moiety, then this denotes that two moieties R’ are attached to the heteroatom.
- R-groups, Formula numbers, single letters describing an integer, and the like) in a Section are identical to those of a different Section or another part of the disclosure, it will be understood that said symbols are as defined within the same Section. For example, if Section 2 and Section 3 both describe an R1-group with different definitions, R1 in Section 2 should be interpreted as defined in Section 2. Regardless of these possible identical symbols, it will be understood that the different embodiments between sections may be combined, and the symbols may be redefined (e.g. renumbered) if necessary.
- S P is a spacer as defined herein
- C B is Construct B as defined herein
- i is an integer in a range of from 0 to 4, preferably i is 0 or 1.
- “combinations thereof” in particular refers to (hetero)alkylcycloalkyl, (hetero)alkylcycloalkenyl, (hetero)alkylcycloalkynyl, (hetero)cycloalkylalkyl, (hetero)cycloalkenylalkyl, (hetero)cycloalkynylalkyl, (hetero)alkenylcycloalkyl, (hetero)alkenylcycloalkenyl, (hetero)alkenylcycloalkynyl, (hetero)cycloalkylalkenyl, (hetero)cycloalkenylalkenyl, (hetero)cycloalkynylalkenyl, (hetero)cycl
- RG1 also refers to e.g. an alkyl group substituted with one or more -Cl and/or -OH groups.
- RG1 also comprises radicals such as -NH-CH2-COOH (a glycine residue), which is a combination of a heteroalkyl and -COOH.
- the radical is a conjugation moiety, which is a chemical group that can be used for binding, conjugation or coupling of a Construct, such as Construct-B, or a Spacer, or another molecule or construct of interest.
- a Construct such as Construct-B, or a Spacer
- RG1 is a moiety that allows conjugation to a protein comprising natural and/or non-natural amino acids. Moieties suitable for conjugation are known to the skilled person. Conjugation strategies are for example found in [O. Boutureira, G.J.L.
- RG1 is a conjugation moiety, it is preferably selected from the group RG1f consisting of N-maleimidyl, halogenated N-alkylamido, sulfonyloxy N-alkylamido, vinyl sulfone, (activated) carboxylic acids, benzenesulfonyl halides, ester, carbonate, sulfonyl halide, thiol or derivatives thereof, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 7-18 cycloalkynyl, C 5-18 heterocycloalkynyl, bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-yl], C 3-12 cycloalkenyl, azido, phosphine, nitrile oxide, nitrone, nitrile imine, isonitrile, diazo, ketone, (O-alky
- RG1f is N-maleimidyl.
- RG1f is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amine, halogens, vinyl pyridine, disulfide, pyridyl disulfide, sulfonyloxy, mercaptoacetamide, anhydride, sulfonylated hydroxyacetamido, sulfonyl chlorides, thiosemicarbazone, hydrazine carboxylate, and arylhydrazide.
- RG1f is a group that can be connected to another group by means of an enzyme, for example sortase or Tubulin tyrosine ligase.
- Radical Group 2 connecting groups For Radical Group 2 (RG2), the radical is selected from the group consisting of (hetero)alkylene, (hetero)alkenylene, (hetero)alkynylene, (hetero)cycloalkylene, (hetero)cycloalkenylene, (hetero)cycloalkynylene, (hetero)arylene, RG2a, and combinations thereof.
- the radicals from RG2 are optionally attached to one or more radicals according to RG1.
- RG2 “combinations thereof” in particular refers to alkyl(hetero)arylene, (hetero)arylalkylene, (hetero)arylalkenylene, (hetero)arylalkynylene, alkenyl(hetero)arylene, and alkynyl(hetero)arylene.
- the radical is selected from the group consisting of C1-C24 (hetero)alkylene, C 2 -C 24 (hetero)alkenylene, C 2 -C 24 (hetero)alkynylene, C 3 -C 24 cycloalkylene, C 2 -C 24 heterocycloalkylene, C 5 -C 24 cycloalkenylene, C 3 -C 24 heterocycloalkenylene, C 7 -C 24 cycloalkynylene, C5-C24 (hetero)cycloalkynylene, C6-C24 arylene, C2-C24 heteroarylene, RG2a, and combinations thereof.
- the radical is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 12 (hetero)alkylene, C2-C12 (hetero)alkenylene, C2-C12 (hetero)alkynylene, C3-C12 cycloalkylene, C2-C12 heterocycloalkylene, C5-C12 cycloalkenylene, C3-C12 heterocycloalkenylene, C7-C12 cycloalkynylene, C 5 -C 12 (hetero)cycloalkynylene, C 6 -C 12 arylene, C 2 -C 12 heteroarylene, RG2a, and combinations thereof.
- the radical is selected from the group consisting of C1- C 8 (hetero)alkylene, C 2 -C 8 (hetero)alkenylene, C 2 -C 8 (hetero)alkynylene, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkylene, C 2 -C 8 heterocycloalkylene, C 5 -C 8 cycloalkenylene, C 3 -C 8 heterocycloalkenylene, C7-C8 cycloalkynylene, C5-C8 (hetero)cycloalkynylene, C6-C8 arylene, C 2 -C 8 heteroarylene, RG2a, and combinations thereof.
- the radical is selected from the group consisting of C 1 - C6 (hetero)alkylene, C2-C6 (hetero)alkenylene, C2-C6 (hetero)alkynylene, C3-C6 cycloalkylene, C2-C6 heterocycloalkylene, C5-C7 cycloalkenylene, C3-C5 heterocycloalkenylene, C 8 cycloalkynylene, C 6 -C 7 (hetero)cycloalkynylene, phenylene, C 3 -C 5 heteroarylene, RG2a, and combinations thereof.
- the radical is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 3 (hetero)alkylene, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylene, C 2 -C 5 heterocycloalkylene, phenylene, C 4 -C 5 heteroarylene, RG2a, and combinations thereof.
- RG2 the radical is RG2b or RG2c, most preferably RG2b.
- RG2b is selected from the group consisting of Therein, R' is a radical according to RG1, preferably R’ is hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl.
- R' is a radical according to RG1, preferably R’ is hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl.
- the dashed and wiggly lines denote bonds to the other parts of the molecule.
- RG2c is selected from the group consisting of The dashed and wiggly lines denote bonds to the other parts of the molecule.
- Radical Group 3 organic molecule For Radical Group 3 (RG3) the radical is an organic molecule selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid, a peptide, a protein, a carbohydrate, an aptamer, a hormone, a toxin, a steroid, a cytokine, a lipid, a small organic molecule as defined herein, a polymer, LNA, PNA, an amino acid, a peptoid, a chelating moiety, a molecule comprising a radionuclide, a fluorescent dye, a phosphorescent dye, a drug, a resin, a bead, an organic particle, a gel, an organic surface, an organometallic compound, a cell, and combinations thereof.
- RG3 organic molecule For Radical Group 3 (RG3) the radical is an organic molecule selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid, a peptide, a protein, a carbohydrate, an aptamer
- the radical is a a nucleic acid, a peptide, a protein, a carbohydrate, a lipid, a polymer, an amino acid, a chelating moiety, a drug, or a gel.
- a nucleic acid is preferably selected from the group consisting of an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide, DNA, and RNA.
- a protein is preferably an antibody or a diabody. A preferred antibody is CC49, and a preferred diabody is AVP0458.
- a carbohydrate is preferably selected from the group consisting of a monosaccharide, an oligosaccharide, and a polysaccharide.
- a polymer is typically selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneglycol (PEG), poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (HPMA), polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA), polyglutamic acid (PG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethyl-formal (PHF), copolymers of a polyacetal/polyketal and a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyvinyl polymers, polyesters, polyorthoesters, polyamides, oligopeptides, polypeptides and derivatives thereof, oligopeptides, polypeptides, glycopolysaccharides, and polysaccharides such as dextran and h
- a polymer as used herein is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- a resin is preferably a polystyrene resin or an agarose resin.
- an organic particle is preferably a liposome or a polymersome.
- a chelating moiety is preferably selected from the group consisting of DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), DOTA (1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecane- N,N',N",N"-tetraacetic acid), NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N"-triacetic acid), TETA (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N',N",N'-tetraacetic acid), OTTA (N1-(p- isothiocyanatobenzyl)-diethylenetriamine-N1,N2,N3,N3-tetraacetic acid), deferoxamine or DFA (N'-[5-[[4-[[5-(acetylhydroxyamino)pentyl]amino]-1,4- dioxobutyl]hydroxyamino]pentyl]-N-(5
- a chelating moiety is selected from the group consisting of wherein the wiggly line denotes a bond to the remaining part of the molecule, optionally bound via -C(O)NH-, wherein the chelator moieties according to said group optionally chelate a metal, wherein the metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of 44 Sc, 62 Cu, 64 Cu, 66 Ga, 67 Ga, 67 Cu, 68 Ga, 86 Y, 89 Zr, 90 Y, 99m Tc, 111 In, 166 Ho, 177 Lu, 186 Re, 188 Re, 211 Bi, 212 Bi, 212 Pb, 213 Bi, 214 Bi, and 225 Ac.
- Radical Group 4 inorganic molecule For Radical Group 4 (RG4), the radical is an inorganic molecule selected from the group consisting of an inorganic surface, an inorganic particle, an allotrope of carbon, an inorganic drug, a radionuclide, and combinations thereof.
- an inorganic surface is preferably selected from the group consisting of chips, wafers, metal such as gold, and silica-based surfaces such as glass.
- an inorganic particle is preferably selected from the group consisting of beads, silica-based particles, polymer-based materials, and iron oxide particles.
- a bead is a magnetic bead or a gold bead.
- an allotrope of carbon is preferably selected from the group consisting of fullerenes such as Buckminsterfullerene; graphite, graphene, diamond, Lonsdaleite, Q- carbon, linearn acetylenic carbon, amorphous carbon, and carbon nanotubes.
- an inorganic drug is preferably cisplatin.
- Radical group 5 further terminal groups
- the radical is: a bond to the remaining part of the dienophile or diene.
- each R10 is independently selected from RG2, preferably from RG2a.
- each R 11 is independently selected from RG2, preferably not being RG2a, RG2b, or RG2c.
- R12 is selected from RG1 or RG3, preferably RG3, more preferably a protein, polymer, or chelating moiety.
- z is an integer in a range of from 0 to 12, preferably from 0 to 10, more preferably from 0 to 8, even more preferably from 1 to 6, most preferably from 2 to 4.
- z is 0.
- each z is independently selected.
- h is 0 or 1.
- each h, z, and n is independently selected.
- each n belonging to RG5 is an integer independently selected from a range of from 0 to 24, preferably from 1 to 12, more preferably from 1 to 6, even more preferably from 1 to 3.
- n is 1.
- n is an integer in the range from 12 to 24.
- z is 0, and n is 1.
- z is 1, and n is 1.
- the moiety RG5 has a molecular weight in a range of from 100 Da to 3000 Da, preferably, in a range of from 100 Da to 2000 Da, more preferably, in a range of from 100 Da to 1500 Da, even more preferably in a range of from 150 Da to 1500 Da.
- the moiety RG5 has a molecular weight in a range of from 150 Da to 1000 Da, most preferably in a range of from 200 Da to 1000 Da.
- RG5 is selected from the group RG5a consisting of: , It is understood that when n is more than 1, -((R10)h-R11)n-(R10)h-R12 may be preceded by a group -(R 10 ) h -R 11 - so as to form a group -(R 10 ) h -R 11 -((R 10 ) h -R 11 ) n -(R 10 ) h -R 12 .
- Targeting Agents T T A Targeting Agent, T T , binds to a Primary Target.
- the Targeting Agent T T can comprise compounds including but not limited to antibodies, antibody derivatives, antibody fragments, antibody (fragment) fusions (e.g. bi-specific and tri-specific mAb fragments or derivatives), proteins, peptides, e.g.
- octreotide and derivatives VIP, MSH, LHRH, chemotactic peptides, cell penetrating peptide, membrane translocation moiety, bombesin, elastin, peptide mimetics, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, oligosacharides, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides, aptamers, viruses, whole cells, phage, drugs, polymers, liposomes, chemotherapeutic agents, receptor agonists and antagonists, cytokines, hormones, steroids, toxins.
- organic compounds envisaged within the context of the present disclosure are, or are derived from, dyes, compounds targeting CAIX and PSMA, estrogens, e.g. estradiol, androgens, progestins, corticosteroids, methotrexate, folic acid, and cholesterol.
- Targeting Agents of protein nature include insulin, transferrin, fibrinogen-gamma fragment, thrombospondin, claudin, apolipoprotein E, Affibody molecules such as for example ABY-025, Ankyrin repeat proteins, ankyrin-like repeat proteins, interferons, e.g.
- alpha, beta, and gamma interferon, interleukins, lymphokines, colony stimulating factors and protein growth factor such as tumor growth factor, e.g. alpha, beta tumor growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), uPAR targeting protein, apolipoprotein, LDL, annexin V, endostatin, and angiostatin.
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
- uPAR targeting protein e.g. alpha, beta tumor growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), uPAR targeting protein, apolipoprotein, LDL, annexin V, endostatin, and angiostatin.
- peptides as targeting agents include LHRH receptor targeting peptides, EC-1 peptide, RGD peptides, HER2-targeting peptides, PSMA targeting peptides, somatostatin-targeting peptides, bombesin.
- Other examples of targeting agents include lipocalins,
- antibodies are used as the T T .
- immunoglobulins derived from IgG antibodies are particularly well-suited for use in this disclosure, immunoglobulins from any of the classes or subclasses may be selected, e.g. IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE.
- the immunoglobulin is of the class IgG including but not limited to IgG subclasses (IgG1, 2, 3 and 4) or class IgM which is able to specifically bind to a specific epitope on an antigen.
- Antibodies can be intact immunoglobulins derived from natural sources or from recombinant sources and can be immunoreactive portions of intact immunoglobulins.
- Antibodies may exist in a variety of forms including, for example, polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, camelized single domain antibodies, recombinant antibodies, anti-idiotype antibodies, multispecific antibodies, antibody fragments, such as, Fv, VHH, Fab, F(ab)2, Fab', Fab'-SH, F(ab')2, single chain variable fragment antibodies (scFv), tandem/bis-scFv, Fc, pFc', scFv-Fc, disulfide Fv (dsFv), bispecific antibodies (bc-scFv) such as BiTE antibodies, trispecific antibody derivatives such as tribodies, camelid antibodies, minibodies, nanobodies, resurfaced antibodies, humanized antibodies, fully human antibodies, single domain antibodies (sdAb, also known as Nanobody TM ),
- Antibody fragment refers to at least a portion of the variable region of the immunoglobulin that binds to its target, i.e. the antigen-binding region.
- T T uses antibody mimetics as T T , such as but not limited to Affimers, Anticalins, Avimers, Alphabodies, Affibodies, DARPins, and multimers and derivatives thereof; reference is made to [Trends in Biotechnology 2015, 33, 2, 65], the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- antibody is meant to encompass all of the antibody variations, fragments, derivatives, fusions, analogs and mimetics outlined in this paragraph, unless specified otherwise.
- the T T is selected from antibodies and antibody derivatives such as antibody fragments, fragment fusions, proteins, peptides, peptide mimetics, organic molecules, dyes, fluorescent molecules, enzyme substrates.
- the T T being an organic molecule has a molecular weight of less than 2000 Da, more preferably less than 1500 Da, more preferably less than 1000 Da, even more preferably less than 500 Da.
- the T T is selected from antibody fragments, fragment fusions, and other antibody derivatives that do not contain a Fc domain.
- the T T T is a polymer and accumulates at the Primary Target by virtue of the EPR effect.
- Typical polymers used in this embodiment include but are not limited to polyethyleneglycol (PEG), poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (HPMA), polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA), polyglutamic acid (PG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethyl-formal (PHF).
- PEG polyethyleneglycol
- HPMA poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)
- HPMA polylactic acid
- PLA polylactic-glycolic acid
- PG polyglutamic acid
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PHF poly(1-hydroxymethylethylene hydroxymethyl-formal
- Other examples are copolymers of a polyacetal/polyketal and a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyvinyl polymers, polyesters, polyorthoesters, polyamides, oligopeptides, poly
- the T T can be a cell penetrating moiety, such as cell penetrating peptide.
- the T T is a polymer, particle, gel, biomolecule or another above listed T T moiety and is locally injected to create a local depot of Prodrug, which can subsequently be activated by the Activator.
- the targeting agent T T is a solid material such as but not limited to polymer, metal, ceramic, wherein this solid material is or is comprised in a cartridge, reservoir, depot, wherein preferably said cartridge, reservoir, depot is used for drug release in vivo.
- the targeting agent T T also acts as a Drug, denoted as D D .
- D D Drug
- Masking moieties A Masking Moiety as used herein may also be denoted as M M .
- Masking moieties M M can for example be an antibody, protein, peptide, polymer, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol carbohydrate, aptamers, oligopeptide, oligonucleotide, oligosaccharide, carbohydrate, as well as peptides, peptoids, steroids, organic molecule, or a combination thereof that further shield the bound drug D D or Prodrug.
- This shielding can be based on e.g. steric hindrance, but it can also be based on a non covalent interaction with the drug D D .
- Such Masking Moiety may also be used to affect the in vivo properties (e.g.
- the Masking Moiety is an albumin binding moiety.
- the Masking Moiety equals a Targeting Agent.
- the Masking Moiety is bound to a Targeting Agent.
- the Drug D D is modified with multiple M M , being C B , wherein at least one of the bound M M is T T .
- the T R can itself act as a Masking Moiety.
- the size of the T R without the attachment of a M M is sufficient to deactivate the payload.
- Drugs Drugs D D that can be used in a Prodrug relevant to this disclosure are pharmaceutically active compounds.
- the pharmaceutically active compound is selected from the group consisting of cytotoxins, antiproliferative/antitumor agents, antiviral agents, antibiotics, anti- inflammatory agents, chemosensitizing agents, radiosensitizing agents, immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, immunostimulants, anti-angiogenic factors, and enzyme inhibitors.
- these pharmaceutically active compounds are selected from the group consisting of antibodies, antibody derivatives, antibody fragments, proteins, aptamers, oligopeptides, oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, carbohydrates, as well as peptides, peptoids, steroids, toxins, hormones, cytokines, and chemokines.
- the drug is a protein, a toxin, a chelating moiety, monomethyl auristatin E, or doxorubicin; wherein preferably the chelating moiety comprises a radionuclide.
- these drugs are low to medium molecular weight compounds, preferably organic compounds (e.g. about 200 to about 2500 Da, preferably about 300 to about 1750 Da, more preferably about 300 to about 1000 Da).
- Exemplary cytotoxic drug types for use as conjugates to the Trigger and to be released upon IEDDA reaction with the Activator include but are not limited to DNA damaging agents, DNA crosslinkers, DNA binders, DNA alkylators, DNA intercalators, DNA cleavers, microtubule stabilizing and destabilizing agents, topoisomerases inhibitors, radiation sensitizers, anti-metabolites, natural products and their analogs, peptides, oligonucleotides, enzyme inhibitors such as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Examples include but are not limited to colchinine, vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines (e.g.
- doxorubicin epirubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin
- camptothecins taxanes, taxols, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine
- calicheamycins tubulysins, tubulysin M, cryptophycins, methotrexate, methopterin, aminopterin, dichloromethotrexate, irinotecans, enediynes, amanitins, deBouganin, dactinomycines, CC1065 and its analogs, duocarmycins, maytansines, maytansinoids, dolastatins, auristatins, pyrrolobenzodiazepines and dimers (PBDs), indolinobenzodiazepines and dimers, pyridinobenzodiazepines and dimers, mitomycins (e.g.
- mitomycin C mitomycin A, caminomycin
- melphalan leurosine, leurosideine, actinomycin, tallysomycin, lexitropsins, bleomycins, podophyllotoxins, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, staurosporin, esperamicin, the pteridine family of drugs, SN- 38 and its analogs, platinum-based drugs, cytotoxic nucleosides.
- exemplary drug classes are angiogenesis inhibitors, cell cycle progression inhibitors, P13K/m-TOR/AKT pathway inhibitors, MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, protein chaperones inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, Wnt/Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors, and RNA polymerase inhibitors.
- the drug is an auristatin.
- auristatins examples include dolastatin 10, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), auristatin F, monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), auristatin F hydroxypropylamide (AF HPA), auristatin F phenylene diamine (AFP), monomethyl auristatin D (MMAD), auristatin PE, auristatin EB, auristatin EFP, auristatin TP and auristatin AQ.
- MMAE is a preferred auristatin.
- Suitable auristatins are also described in U.S. Publication Nos.2003/0083263, 2011/0020343, and 2011/0070248; PCT Application Publication Nos.
- Exemplary drugs include the dolastatins and analogues thereof including: dolastatin A ( U.S. Pat No.4,486,414), dolastatin B (U.S. Pat No.4,486,414), dolastatin 10 (U.S. Pat No. 4,486,444, 5,410,024, 5,504,191, 5,521,284, 5,530,097, 5,599,902, 5,635,483, 5,663,149, 5,665,860, 5,780,588, 6,034,065, 6,323,315), dolastatin 13 (U.S. Pat No.4,986,988), dolastatin 14 (U.S. Pat No.5,138,036), dolastatin 15 (U.S.
- Other examples include mertansine and ansamitocin.
- PBDs Pyrrolobenzodiazepines
- PBDs Pyrrolobenzodiazepines
- Calicheamicins include, e.g. enediynes, esperamicin, and those described in U.S. Patent Nos.5,714,586 and 5,739,116.
- duocarmycins and analogs examples include CC1065, duocarmycin SA, duocarmycin A, duocarmycin B1, duocarmycin B2, duocarmycin C1, duocarmycin C2, duocarmycin D, DU- 86, KW-2189, adozelesin, bizelesin, carzelesin, seco- adozelesin, CPI, CBI.
- exemplary vinca alkaloids include vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, and navelbine, and those disclosed in U.S.
- epothilone compounds include epothilone A, B, C, D, E, and F, and derivatives thereof. Suitable epothilone compounds and derivatives thereof are described, for example, in U.S.
- Exemplary cryptophycin compounds are described in U.S.
- Patent Nos.6,680,311 and 6,747,021 the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- Exemplary platinum compounds include cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, iproplatin, ormaplatin, tetraplatin.
- Exemplary DNA binding or alkylating drugs include CC- 1065 and its analogs, anthracyclines, calicheamicins, dactinomycines, mitromycines, pyrrolobenzodiazepines, indolinobenzodiazepines, pyridinobenzodiazepines and the like.
- microtubule stabilizing and destabilizing agents include taxane compounds, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, tesetaxel, and carbazitaxel; maytansinoids, auristatins and analogs thereof, vinca alkaloid derivatives, epothilones and cryptophycins.
- topoisomerase inhibitors include camptothecin and camptothecin derivatives, camptothecin analogs and non- natural camptothecins, such as, for example, CPT-11, SN-38, topotecan, 9- aminocamptothecin, rubitecan, gimatecan, karenitecin, silatecan, lurtotecan, exatecan, diflometotecan, belotecan, lurtotecan and S39625.
- camptothecin compounds that can be used in the present disclosure include those described in, for example, J. Med. Chem., 29:2358-2363 (1986); J. Med. Chem., 23:554 (1980); J.
- Angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, MetAP2 inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors, PIGF inhibitors, VGFR inhibitors, PDGFR inhibitors, MetAP2 inhibitors.
- Exemplary VGFR and PDGFR inhibitors include sorafenib, sunitinib and vatalanib.
- Exemplary MetAP2 inhibitors include fumagillol analogs, meaning compounds that include the fumagillin core structure.
- Exemplary cell cycle progression inhibitors include CDK inhibitors such as, for example, BMS-387032 and PD0332991; Rho-kinase inhibitors such as, for example, AZD7762; aurora kinase inhibitors such as, for example, AZD1152, MLN8054 and MLN8237; PLK inhibitors such as, for example, BI 2536, BI6727, GSK461364, ON-01910; and KSP inhibitors such as, for example, SB 743921, SB 715992, MK-0731, AZD8477, AZ3146 and ARRY-520.
- CDK inhibitors such as, for example, BMS-387032 and PD0332991
- Rho-kinase inhibitors such as, for example, AZD7762
- aurora kinase inhibitors such as, for example, AZD1152, MLN8054 and MLN8237
- PLK inhibitors such as, for example, BI 25
- Exemplary P13K/m-TOR/AKT signalling pathway inhibitors include phosphoinositide 3-kinase (P13K) inhibitors, GSK-3 inhibitors, ATM inhibitors, DNA-PK inhibitors and PDK-1 inhibitors.
- Exemplary P13 kinases are disclosed in U.S. Patent No.6,608,053, and include BEZ235, BGT226, BKM120, CAL263, demethoxyviridin, GDC-0941, GSK615, IC87114, LY294002, Palomid 529, perifosine, PF-04691502, PX-866, SAR245408, SAR245409, SF1126, Wortmannin, XL147 and XL765.
- Exemplary AKT inhibitors include, but are not limited to AT7867.
- Exemplary MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors include MEK, Ras, JNK, B-Raf and p38 MAPK inhibitors.
- Exemplary MEK inhibitors are disclosed in U.S. Patent No.7,517,944 and include GDC-0973, GSK1120212, MSC1936369B, AS703026, RO5126766 and RO4987655, PD0325901, AZD6244, AZD8330 and GDC-0973.
- Exemplary B-raf inhibitors include CDC-0879, PLX-4032, and SB590885.
- Exemplary B p38 MAPK inhibitors include BIRB 796, LY2228820 and SB 202190.
- Exemplary receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors include but are not limited to AEE788 (NVP-AEE 788), BIBW2992 (Afatinib), Lapatinib, Erlotinib (Tarceva), Gefitinib (Iressa), AP24534 (Ponatinib), ABT-869 (linifanib), AZD2171, CHR-258 (Dovitinib), Sunitinib (Sutent), Sorafenib (Nexavar), and Vatalinib.
- Exemplary protein chaperon inhibitors include HSP90 inhibitors.
- Exemplary inhibitors include 17AAG derivatives, BIIB021, BIIB028, SNX-5422, NVP-AUY-922 and KW-2478.
- Exemplary HDAC inhibitors include Belinostat (PR 48 101), CUDC-101, Droxinostat, ITF2357 (Givinostat, Gavinostat), JNJ-26481585, LAQ824 (NVP-LAQ824, Dacinostat), LBH-589 (Panobinostat), MC1568, MGCD0103 (Mocetinostat), MS-275 (Entinostat), PCI-24781, Pyroxamide (NSC 696085), SB939, Trichostatin A and Vorinostat (SAHA).
- Exemplary PARP inhibitors include iniparib (BSI 201), olaparib (AZD-2281), ABT-888 (Veliparib), AG014699, CEP9722, MK 4827, KU- 0059436 (AZD2281), LT-673, 3-aminobenzamide, A-966492, and AZD2461.
- Exemplary Wnt/Hedgehog signalling pathway inhibitors include vismodegib, cyclopamine and XAV- 939.
- Exemplary RNA polymerase inhibitors include amatoxins.
- amatoxins include alpha-amanitins, beta amanitins, gamma amanitins, eta amanitins, amanullin, amanullic acid, amanisamide, amanon, and proamanullin.
- immunomodulators are APRIL, cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IL12, IL-15, IL-21, TNF, interferon gamma, GMCSF, NDV-GMCSF, and agonists and antagonists of STING, agonists and antagonists of TLRs including TLR1/2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7/8, TLR9, TLR12, agonists and antagonists of GITR, CD3, CD28, CD40, CD74, CTLA4, OX40, PD1, PDL1, RIG, MDA-5, NLRP1, NLRP3, AIM2, IDO, MEK, cGAS, and CD25, NKG2A.
- cytokines including IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IL12, IL-15, IL-21, TNF, interferon gamma, GMCSF, NDV-GMCSF, and agonists and antagonists of STING, agonists and antagonists of TLRs including T
- exemplary drugs include puromycins, topetecan, rhizoxin, echinomycin, combretastatin, netropsin, estramustine, cemadotin, discodermolide, eleutherobin, mitoxantrone, pyrrolobenzimidazoles (PBI), gamma-interferon, Thialanostatin (A) and analogs, CDK11, immunotoxins, comprising e.g. ricin A, diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin.
- the drug moiety is a mytomycin compound, a vinca alkaloid compound, taxol or an analogue, an anthracycline compound, a calicheamicin compound, a maytansinoid compound, an auristatin compound, a duocarmycin compound, SN38 or an analogue, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine compound, a indolinobenzodiazepine compound, a pyridinobenzodiazepine compound, a tubulysin compound, a non-natural camptothecin compound, a DNA binding drug, a kinase inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, a KSP inhibitor, a P13 kinase inhibitor, a topoisomerase inhibitor, or analogues thereof.
- the drug is a non-natural camptothecin compound, vinca alkaloid, kinase inhibitor, (e.g. P13 kinase inhibitor: GDC-0941 and PI- 103), MEK inhibitor, KSP inhibitor, RNA polymerase inhibitor, PARP inhibitor, docetaxel, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, dolastatin, calicheamicins, SN38, pyrrolobenzodiazepines, pyridinobenzodiazepines, indolinobenzodiazepines, DNA binding drugs, maytansinoids DM1 and DM4, auristatin MMAE, CC1065 and its analogs, camptothecin and its analogs, SN-38 and its analogs.
- kinase inhibitor e.g. P13 kinase inhibitor: GDC-0941 and PI- 103
- MEK inhibitor e.g. P13 kinase inhibitor: GDC-0941 and PI- 103
- the drug is selected from DNA binding drugs and microtubule agents, including pyrrolobenzodiazepines, indolinobenzodiazepines, pyridinobenzodiazepines, maytansinoids, maytansines, auristatins, tubulysins, duocarmycins, anthracyclines, taxanes.
- the drug is selected from colchinine, vinca alkaloids, tubulysins, irinotecans, an inhibitory peptide, amanitin and deBouganin.
- the drug is a radioactive moiety, said moiety comprising a radioactive isotope for radiation therapy.
- a radionuclide used for therapy is preferably an isotope selected from the group consisting of 24 Na, 32 P, 33 P, 47 Sc, 59 Fe, 67 Cu, 76 As, 77 As, 80 Br, 82 Br, 89 Sr, 90 Nb, 90 Y, 103 Ru, 105 Rh, 109 Pd, 111 Ag, 111 In, 121 Sn, 127 Te, 131 I, 140 La, 141 Ce, 142 Pr, 143 Pr, 144 Pr, 149 Pm, 149 Tb, 151 Pm, 153 Sm, 159 Gd, 161 Tb, 165 Dy, 166 Dy, 166 Ho, 169 Er, 172 Tm, 175 Yb, 177 Lu, 186 Re, 188 Re, 198 Au, 199 Au, 211 At, 211 Bi, 212 Bi, 212 Pb, 213 Bi, 214 Bi, 223 Ra, 224 Ra, 225 Ac, and 227 Th.
- the radioactive moiety When the radioactive moiety is intended to comprise a metal, such as 177 Lu, such radiometal is preferably provided in the form of a chelate.
- the radioactive moiety preferably comprises a structural moiety capable of forming a coordination complex with such a metal.
- a good example hereof are macrocylic lanthanide(III) chelates derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (H 4 dota).
- the structural moiety capable of forming a coordination complex with such a metal is a chelating moiety as defined herein.
- the radioactive moiety comprises a prosthetic group (i.e.
- Drugs optionally include a (portion of a) membrane translocation moiety (e.g. adamantine, poly-lysine/arginine, TAT, human lactoferrin) and/or a targeting agent (against e.g. a tumor cell receptor) optionally linked through a stable or labile linker.
- adamantine poly-lysine/arginine, TAT, human lactoferrin
- a targeting agent e.g. a tumor cell receptor
- Exemplary references include: Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 2015,.40, 12, 749; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 12153 ⁇ 12160; Pharmaceutical Research, 2007, 24, 11, 1977.
- a targeting agent T T may optionally be attached to a drug, optionally via a spacer S P .
- the targeting agent (or C B ) may comprise one or more additional drugs which are bound to the targeting agent by other types of linkers, e.g. cleavable by proteases, pH, thiols, or by catabolism. It will be understood that chemical modifications may also be made to the desired compound in order to make reactions of that compound more convenient for purposes of preparing conjugates of the disclosure.
- Drugs containing an amine functional group for coupling to the Trigger include mitomycin-C, mitomycin-A, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, aminopterin, actinomycin, bleomycin, 9-amino camptothecin, N8-acetyl spermidine, 1-(2 chloroethyl)1,2- dimethanesulfonyl hydrazide, tallysomycin, cytarabine, dolastatins (including auristatins) and derivatives thereof.
- Drugs containing a hydroxyl function group for coupling to the Trigger include etoposide, camptothecin, taxol, esperamicin, 1,8-dihydroxy-bicyclo[7.3.1]trideca-4-9- diene-2,6-diyne-13-one (U.S. Pat No.5,198,560), podophyllotoxin, anguidine, vincristine, vinblastine, morpholine-doxorubicin, n-(5,5-diacetoxy-pentyl)doxorubicin, and derivatives thereof.
- Drugs containing a sulfhydryl functional group for coupling to the Trigger include esperamicin and 6-mecaptopurine, and derivatives thereof.
- a 12 g ISCO cartridge is charged with 5 g of silica (on the bottom), 5 g of 9.5% AgNO 3 on silica (in the middle) and 2 g silica (on top) and equilibrated with 50% Et2O in heptane.
- the cis-cyclooctene (1 eq) and methyl benzoate (2 eq) are dissolved in 20 mL 1:1 Et2O:heptane.
- the substrate is cycled through the reactor and column at 5 mL/min (4.8 min residence time) and column while bubbling with N 2 for 15 minutes prior to starting the reaction by turning the lamp on. After 3 hours, the column is flushed with Et2O.
- the silica is subsequently treated with Et2O with 12 eq NH3 (aq) and filtered.
- the silica is extracted once more with CH 2 Cl 2 :NH 3 and the combined extracts are concentrated and purified by silica column chromatography (EtOAc in heptanes) and/or purified by preparative HPLC to yield both the axial isomer and the equatorial isomer of the s-TCO in pure form after lyophilization.
- Examples 1.1-1.7 - Synthesis of 1,5-s-TCO derivatives Example 1.1 - Ethyl (1R,8S,Z)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-ene-9-carboxylate (1.1) To a mixture of 1,5-cyclooctadiene (20 mL, 163.06 mmol) and Rh2(OAc)4 (35 mg, 0.08 mmol) in dichloromethane (DCM, 150 mL) at 0 °C, a solution of ethyl diazoacetate (8.0 mL, 76.07 mmol) in DCM (60 mL) was added dropwise for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 18 hours.
- DCM dichloromethane
- Example 1.2 (1R,8S,Z)-Bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-ene-9-carboxylic acid (1.2)
- methanol 200 mL
- NaOH 36 g, 900 mmol
- water 300 mL
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours under N2 atmosphere. After which methanol was removed in vacuo, and pH of the residue was adjusted to 2 with HCl solution (2 M).
- the residue was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 150 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 anh., filtered and concentrated.
- Example 1.4 (1S,2R,6R,9S,Z)-7-Oxatricyclo[4.3.2.0 2,9 ]undec-4-en-8-one (1.4)
- the iodolactone compound 1.3 (0.14 g, 0.48 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (6 mL), and DBU (0.15 mL, 1.00 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to 55 °C and allowed to stand for 18 hours under N2 atmosphere. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with brine (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 15 mL).
- Example 1.5 Methyl (1R,5R,8S,9S,Z)-5-hydroxybicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene-9-carboxylate (1.5)
- the bicyclic olefin compound 1.4 50 mg, 0.30 mmol was dissolved in toluene (8 mL) and methanol (3 mL), and KOH (50 mg, 0.90 mmol) was added.
- the mixture was heated to 55 °C and allowed to stand for 2 hours under N2 atmosphere. After cooling the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in dimethylformamdie (DMF, 3 mL), and iodomethane (0.15 g, 1.05 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture.
- DMF dimethylformamdie
- DCM dimethyl methacrylate
- OAc Rh 2
- a solution of ethyl diazoacetate (1.0 mL, 9.51 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added dropwise for 2 hours.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 18 hours.
- Example 1.10 - (1R,2S,7S,8S,11S)-7-Iodo-9-oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0 2,11 ]undecan-10-one (1.13) 1.12 1.13
- DCM DCM
- NaHCO 3 0.7 g, 8.33 mmol
- a mixture of KI (0.7 g, 4.21 mmol) and I 2 (1.05 g, 4.13 mmol) was added in small portions within 1 hour to the reaction mixture, and the dark brown mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours under N 2 atmosphere.
- reaction mixture was cooled again to 0 °C, pyridine (3 mL), toluene (6 mL), DMAP (8 mg, 0.03 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.6 mL, 3.80 mmol) were added.
- the ice bath was removed in 2 hour and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was then poured into a mixture of toluene (30 mL), 2M HCl (16 mL) and ice (20 g). The organic layer was washed with water (30 mL). The successive aqueous layers were extracted with toluene (20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated.
- Axial isomer compound 1.16a (5 mg, 0.02 mmol, in 8% yield)
- equatorial isomer compound 1.16b (7 mg, 0.03 mmol, in 12% yield) were obtained from compound 1.15 using General Procedure A.
- Example 1.14 - (1R,2S,8R,11S,E)-9-Oxatricyclo[6.3.0.0 2,11 ]undec-6-en-10-one (1.17a, 1.17b) O O
- Axial isomer compound 1.17a 155 mg, 0.94 mmol, in 33% yield
- equatorial isomer compound 1.17b 100 mg, 0.61 mmol, in 22% yield
- the solution was diluted with acetonitrile (0.6 mL), formic acid (0.04 mL), and water (1.2 mL), and purified by RP preparative HPLC (50% acetonitrile in water), and subsequently freeze- dried, to yield the product as a white powder (6.0 mg, 24%).
- Examples 1.21-1.24 Synthesis of exo 1,3-s-TCO and 1,5-s-TCO derivatives
- THF dry tetrahydrofuran
- 1M potassium tert-butoxide 1M potassium tert-butoxide in THF
- Alternative solvents to be used in addition to or instead of THF are ethanol and ether, which may be dry or wet; preferably a mixture of THF and dry ethanol is used, or wet ether.
- Example 1.23 Methyl (1R,5R,8S,9R,Z)-5-hydroxybicyclo[6.1.0]non-3-ene-9-carboxylate (1.25)
- a solution of compound 1.5 (1 eq) in dry THF 0.1M of compound 1.5 in THF
- 1M potassium tert-butoxide in THF 1.2 eq
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight.
- Solvent is evaporated in vacuo, and the residue is purified with silica gel column chromatography (Eluent: 20% EtOAc in heptane) to give compound 1.25.
- Example 4 antibody conjugation and evaluation
- Example 4.1 Antibody conjugation of CC49-1,5-sTCO-benzylamine (1.8) Compound 1.7 was dissolved in dry DMF at a 20 mM concentration. An anti-TAG72 IgG (CC49) was reacted with 40 eq 1.7 in a PBS/propylene glycol/DMF 70:20:10 mixture.
- the pH was adjusted to 8.5 with 1M sodium carbonate and the reaction mixture was incubated at room temperature in the dark on a roller bench. After 2h incubation, the conjugation product 1.8 was purified by PD-10 pre-equilibrated with 25% propylene glycol in PBS. SEC and SDS-PAGE analysis of compound 1.8 showed >95% purity while a tetrazine titration showed the presence of an average 3.1 tags per IgG. After 16 months mAb storage in PBS at +4 °C in the dark 78% of the CC49-conjugated TCO was found to be still reactive towards tetrazines, confirming the relative stability of the s-TCO in storage conditions.
- Example 4.3 Method 4.3 -Methyl benzylamine release from CC49 conjugate 1.8 30 ⁇ L of CC49-1,5-s-TCO-MBA (1.8) solution (2.56 ⁇ g/ ⁇ L in 25% PG in PBS) was transferred to a 0.5 mL Eppendorf tube, and 0.6 ⁇ L 3,6-dimethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine 2.1 solution (25 mM in DMSO) was added. The solution was homogenized and incubated at 37 °C for a specific time.
- Example 4.4 Blood circulation and in vivo stability
- the conjugate 1.8 was labeled with iodine-125 using the Bolton-Hunter method, as previously described (Bioconjugate Chem.2016, 27, 1697 ⁇ 1706).
- Blood samples (ca.40 ⁇ L) were withdrawn from the vena saphena at 1 and 6 hours, 1, 2 and 3 days followed by one last collection via heart puncture at euthanasia.
- the blood samples were immediately measured in a gamma counter together with standards to determine the % injected dose per gram (%ID/g) and then they were stored at -20 °C.
- the radioactivity levels in blood showed a two-phase elimination profile typical of intact IgGs with a 2.8 h t1/2, ⁇ (54.3%) and a 64.4 h t 1/2, ⁇ .
- all blood samples were thawed, diluted to 100 ⁇ L with PBS and reacted ex vivo with an excess of 111 In-labeled tetrazine (labeled at 0.15 MBq/ ⁇ g).
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2023
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