WO2024079992A1 - 加速器及び粒子線治療装置 - Google Patents
加速器及び粒子線治療装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024079992A1 WO2024079992A1 PCT/JP2023/030100 JP2023030100W WO2024079992A1 WO 2024079992 A1 WO2024079992 A1 WO 2024079992A1 JP 2023030100 W JP2023030100 W JP 2023030100W WO 2024079992 A1 WO2024079992 A1 WO 2024079992A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/10—Arrangements for ejecting particles from orbits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
- H05H13/005—Cyclotrons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to accelerators and particle beam therapy devices.
- Particle beam therapy devices are known that irradiate tumors with ion beams of accelerated charged particles such as protons or carbon ions.
- Accelerators that accelerate charged particles accelerate the ion beam extracted from an ion source or electron gun until it reaches the energy required for treatment, while controlling the trajectory using electric and magnetic fields.
- Representative accelerators for particle beam therapy devices include cyclotrons, synchrocyclotrons, and synchrotrons that can obtain beams with energies on the order of several hundred MeV.
- Cyclotrons and synchrocyclotrons accelerate a beam by applying a radio-frequency electric field synchronized with the orbital period of the beam, which is made to move in a circular motion by a static magnetic field.
- the more energy the beam gains from the radio-frequency electric field the larger the radius of the beam's orbit. After the beam reaches its maximum energy, it is ejected from the outermost orbit. This causes the problem that the energy of the beam that can be extracted is uniform.
- a synchrotron is an accelerator that accelerates a beam while keeping its orbital radius constant by changing the strength of the magnetic field that deflects the beam and the period of the accelerating electric field over time.
- the orbital radius is constant, meaning that beams with different energies are accelerated on the same orbit, making it possible to emit variable energy beams with variable energy.
- Patent Document 1 also discloses an orbital eccentric accelerator that uses a static magnetic field and allows variable energy output.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for reducing disturbance to the resonant magnetic field caused by the extraction channel magnetic field, which is an issue in resonant extraction, which uses a resonant magnetic field to extract a beam.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method of reducing disturbances that differs from Patent Document 2, in which the disturbance magnetic field of the first harmonic component in the main magnetic field region is corrected by the regenerator magnetic field of a cyclotron accelerator.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes a technique for optimizing the shape of the main magnetic pole in order to generate the magnetic field distribution required to realize an eccentric beam orbit arrangement in the orbitally eccentric accelerator described in Patent Document 1.
- the objective of this disclosure is to provide an accelerator and particle beam therapy device that can extract efficient and good beams.
- An accelerator is an accelerator that accelerates an ion beam while causing it to circulate using a main magnetic field and an accelerating high-frequency electric field, and includes a main magnetic field generating device that applies the main magnetic field to a space between a plurality of main magnetic poles arranged opposite to each other, a beam displacement device that displaces the ion beam circulating in the main magnetic field region to which the main magnetic field is applied, to the outside of the main magnetic field region, an exit channel magnetic field generating device that generates an exit channel magnetic field for extracting the ion beam that has been moved to the outside, and a cancellation magnetic field generating device that is disposed on the inner side of the exit channel magnetic field generating device and generates a cancellation magnetic field having an opposite polarity to the exit channel magnetic field.
- the present invention makes it possible to extract a good and efficient beam.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a particle beam therapy system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an accelerator.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main electromagnet along a vertical plane.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an output channel.
- 1 is a diagram for explaining emission of a beam by resonance using a resonant magnetic field generated in a resonant magnetic field region.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an output channel magnetic field and a cancellation magnetic field.
- 1 is a diagram showing a structural example of a canceling magnetic field generating device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an accelerator.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main electromagnet along a vertical plane.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an output channel.
- 1
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a canceling magnetic field generating device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another example of a canceling magnetic field generating device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of a canceling magnetic field generating device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a structural example of a canceling magnetic field generating device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a particle beam therapy system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the particle beam therapy system shown in FIG. 1 is a particle beam therapy device for performing particle beam therapy by irradiating a patient to be treated with an ion beam (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as a beam).
- the particle beam therapy system has an accelerator A100 that accelerates and extracts the beam, a beam transport system A110 that transports the beam extracted from the accelerator A100, a treatment room A130 for irradiating a patient A131 with the beam transported by the beam transport system A110, and a control device A140 for controlling the accelerator A100 and the beam transport system A110.
- the accelerator A100 is a device that generates and emits a beam in the energy band used in particle beam therapy.
- the accelerator A100 is equipped with an ion source system A102 that injects ions to become the beam, a main electromagnet A101 that internally accelerates the ions from the ion source system A102 into a beam, and an exit port A103 that is an outlet for extracting and emitting the beam accelerated by the main electromagnet A101 to the outside.
- the ion source system A102 is, for example, an internal ion source using a cold cathode, or an external ion source using a high frequency source.
- the ion source system A102 is an external ion source, and is attached to the main electromagnet A101 as shown in FIG. 1.
- a cold cathode electrode that is the main body of the ion source system A102 is attached inside the main electromagnet A101, and is further connected to a gas introduction path and a power source.
- the type of ion is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a proton or a carbon ion.
- the main electromagnet A101 generates a main magnetic field for orbiting the beam.
- the main magnetic field is a magnetic field distribution applied to orbit the beam in a predetermined equilibrium orbit.
- the main electromagnet A101 is formed approximately symmetrically in the top and bottom, and has an acceleration space inside for accelerating the beam while orbiting it.
- the main electromagnet A101 applies the main magnetic field to ions injected from the ion source system A102 into the acceleration space, applying a Lorentz force to the ions, forming them into a beam by orbiting them in a circular orbit.
- the beam is accelerated to the desired energy by the high-frequency electric field generated in the main electromagnet A101, and is extracted to the outside of the accelerator A100 through the exit port A103.
- a series of equipment operations related to the injection (injection) of ions, acceleration and extraction of the beam are controlled by the control device A140.
- the beam transport system A110 transports the beams extracted from the accelerator A100 to the treatment room A130.
- the beam transport system A110 comprehensively handles beams with different characteristics for each energy, transporting the beams while correcting fluctuations in the beam emittance and energy of each beam.
- the beam transport system A110 includes beam pipes A111, A117, A119, and A122 through which the beams pass, bending electromagnets A112, A115, A118, and A120 for adjusting the direction of the beam, and focusing electromagnets A113, A114, A116, and A123 for controlling the beam shape.
- the interiors of the beam pipes A111, A117, A119 and A122 are evacuated using a vacuum pump A124 such as an ion pump or turbomolecular pump to prevent the beam from colliding with neutral gas and being lost.
- the deflection electromagnets A112, A115, A118 and A120 are arranged so that the beam travels along the beam pipes A111, A117, A119 and A122.
- the focusing electromagnets A113, A114, A116 and A123 are configured so that the emittance and energy of the beam can be adjusted by focusing or diverging action.
- the deflection electromagnets A112, A115, A118 and A120 and the focusing electromagnets A113, A114, A116 and A123 are controlled by a control device A140.
- the beam transport system A110 transports a beam from one accelerator A100 to one treatment room A130, but it may also transport a beam from one accelerator A100 to multiple treatment rooms A130.
- the treatment room A130 is equipped with a bed A132 for fixing the patient A131, and irradiation devices A133 and A134 that irradiate the patient A131 with the beam transported by the beam transport system A110.
- the irradiation devices A133 and A134 have the function of changing the shape and energy distribution of the beam transported by the beam transport system A110 to suit the treatment.
- the irradiation devices A133 and A134 may be configured to include, for example, a collimator for removing unnecessary parts of the beam, a ridge filter for expanding the irradiation range in the depth direction of the tumor by expanding the energy distribution of the beam, a range shifter for fine-tuning the position where the beam reaches, and various monitors for monitoring the irradiation dose and beam profile of the beam.
- the irradiation devices A133 and A134 also have an irradiation mechanism for irradiating the beam to a desired position.
- the irradiation mechanism may be configured to use, for example, a rotatable gantry to enable the beam to be irradiated from any angle to the treatment target, and may be configured to include a scanning magnet for deflecting the beam.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of accelerator A100, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the midplane, which is the geometric center plane of accelerator A100 in the vertical direction.
- accelerator A100 is an accelerator that emits a beam using a resonant magnetic field, and the following description will be given using an example of an orbitally eccentric circular accelerator.
- Accelerator A100 is an accelerator designed so that the main magnetic field through which the beams pass during acceleration does not have circumferential symmetry, and the beam orbits of each beam with different energies form a collection of eccentric circular orbits.
- the beam orbits of each beam with different energies form an orbit convergence section close to each other, and all beams with the energy to be extracted pass through a narrow space near the orbit convergence section. Therefore, variable energy extraction is possible by applying electric and magnetic fields for beam extraction to the narrow space.
- accelerator A100 uses a static magnetic field, there is no need for temporal changes in the magnetic field strength, and it can be made smaller by using a superconducting coil in the main electromagnet to increase the magnetic field strength.
- Accelerator A100 is equipped with a displacement section, a resonant magnetic field region, and a septum magnet as a variable energy emission mechanism that enables variable energy emission.
- the displacement section and the resonant magnetic field region constitute a beam displacement device. Note that when the septum magnet is composed only of a ferromagnetic material without using a coil, it is often called an emission channel.
- the displacement section applies a horizontal (radial direction of the electromagnet) perturbation to the beam revolving on the eccentric orbit, causing it to resonate, thereby pulling the beam orbit outside the main magnetic field region.
- the horizontal perturbation is applied by an RF kicker, and the perturbed beam travels on the radially outer side of the equilibrium orbit and is affected by the resonant magnetic field.
- the resonant magnetic field is a higher-order magnetic field that includes at least a quadrupole magnetic field component, and includes a peeler magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient that weakens the main magnetic field toward the radially outer side, and a regenerator magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient that strengthens the main magnetic field toward the radially outer side.
- These magnetic fields are formed over a specified azimuth angle region on the outer side of the maximum extraction energy orbit.
- the peeler magnetic field region is located upstream and the regenerator magnetic field region is located downstream with respect to the beam traveling direction. These two are collectively called the resonant magnetic field region.
- the beam is kicked toward the outer circumference by passing through the peeler magnetic field region, and toward the inner circumference by passing through the regenerator magnetic field region.
- the peeler magnetic field region and the regenerator magnetic field are adjusted so that the tune is approximately 1, and furthermore, they have a magnetic field gradient that increases in strength toward the radially outer side.
- the beam gradually moves toward the radially outer side with each revolution, and is more strongly influenced by the peeler and regenerator magnetic field region, resulting in a resonance state in which the kick amount gradually increases. Then, when the turn separation, which is the difference in the radial position through which the beam passes with each revolution, reaches a certain value or more, the beam is influenced by the septum magnet that generates the next stage extraction magnetic field.
- the septum magnet is used to generate an extraction channel magnetic field of the opposite polarity to the main magnetic field that orbits the beam, and to deflect the beam to an extraction orbit away from the influence of the main magnetic field.
- the beam that enters the orbital region influenced by the septum magnet is deflected to the extraction orbit by the extraction channel magnetic field, and is extracted to the outside of the accelerator through the extraction orbit.
- the accelerator A100 is equipped with a main electromagnet A101 that generates a main magnetic field for confining the beam inside.
- the main electromagnet A101 includes a yoke M201, a main magnetic pole M202, a coil M203, an RF (Radio Frequency) kicker M204 which is an extraction high frequency application device, a peeler magnetic field region M205 and a regenerator magnetic field region M206 which are resonant magnetic field regions, and an exit channel M207.
- the yoke M201, the main magnetic pole M202, and the coil M203 are the main components of the main magnetic field generating device that generates the main magnetic field.
- the yoke M201 and the main magnetic pole M202 are provided in pairs, one above the other, so as to face each other.
- the main magnetic pole M202 is provided on the inner circumference of the yoke M201, and the yoke M201 and the main magnetic pole M202 form the outer shell of the main electromagnet A101.
- the yoke M201 and the main magnetic pole M202 are also used as support members for supporting the coil M203 and the emission channel M207.
- an acceleration space is formed, which is a space for the beam to circulate, and the main magnetic pole M202 applies a main magnetic field to circulate the beam in the acceleration space.
- the main magnetic field is designed so that it does not have symmetry in the circumferential direction, and the beam orbits of each beam having different energies form a set of circular orbits that are eccentric to each other.
- the acceleration space is evacuated to reduce losses due to collisions between the beam and neutral particles.
- the yoke M201 and the main magnetic pole M202 are formed approximately symmetrically above and below the central plane, and in this case, the traveling plane along which the beam travels approximately coincides with the central plane of the accelerator A100.
- the yoke M201 has an outlet through hole M208 into which the outlet A103 for extracting the beam is inserted.
- An acceleration electrode M210 is disposed inside the main electromagnet A101 to generate an accelerating high-frequency electric field for accelerating the beam, and the acceleration electrode M210 is connected to a rotating capacitor M211 for frequency modulation provided outside the main electromagnet A101.
- the accelerating high-frequency electric field is an electric field that imparts energy to the beam by applying a high-frequency electric field synchronized with the rotation period of the beam.
- the rotating capacitor M211 has an opposing electrode that can change the effective area of the opposing electrode by rotation, and the capacitance changes when the area is changed using a rotating capacitor driving motor M212.
- the resonant frequency of the acceleration electrode M210 is changed, which enables frequency modulation of the accelerating high-frequency electric field according to the beam energy.
- the acceleration electrode M210 and the rotating capacitor M211 are connected via an acceleration electrode through hole M209 formed in the yoke M201.
- a through hole may be formed in the yoke M201 as necessary.
- the yoke M201 may be provided with a through hole for monitoring the beam.
- the coil M203 is a pair of superconducting coils, each of which is arranged approximately symmetrically with respect to the central plane M233 (see FIG. 3), which is the geometric center cross section in the vertical direction, and is provided along the inner circumference of the yoke M201.
- FIG. 2 also shows the geometric center position M231 of the main electromagnet A101 and the ion injection position M232.
- the geometric center position M231 is the center position of them.
- the injection position M232 is a position shifted from the geometric center position M231 and corresponds to the center of the orbit around which the beam revolves.
- FIG. 2 shows the beam orbit M221 around which the beam with the lowest energy to be extracted from the accelerator A100 revolves, and the beam orbit M222 around which the beam with the highest energy to be extracted from the accelerator A100 revolves.
- the minimum energy is, for example, 70 MeV
- the maximum energy is, for example, 230 MeV.
- the RF kicker M204 is a displacement unit that displaces the beams circulating in the main magnetic field region to which the main magnetic field is applied outward by applying an extraction radio frequency electric field for extracting the beams to all energy beams to be extracted.
- the main magnetic field region is the region through which the beam passes when the beam is accelerated to a specified energy by the radio frequency electric field, and is a collection of equilibrium orbits for each energy.
- the peeler magnetic field region M205 and the regenerator magnetic field region M206 constitute a resonant magnetic field region in which a resonant magnetic field that resonates with the beam displaced outside the main magnetic field region by the RF kicker M204 is formed.
- the resonant magnetic field region is located in a predetermined azimuth angle region on the outer periphery of the main magnetic field region (specifically, on the outer side of the highest energy beam orbit M222).
- the peeler magnetic field region M205 is located upstream of the regenerator magnetic field region M206 in the beam propagation direction.
- a peeler magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient in a direction that weakens the main magnetic field toward the radial outer periphery is formed
- a regenerator magnetic field having a magnetic field gradient in a direction that strengthens the main magnetic field toward the radial outer periphery is formed.
- the peeler magnetic field acts on the beam to move it radially outward
- the regenerator magnetic field acts on the beam to move it radially inward.
- the extraction channel M207 is a device that generates an extraction channel magnetic field for extracting the beam radially to the outside.
- the extraction channel magnetic field is a magnetic field used to separate the beam accelerated to a predetermined energy to a region that is not affected by the main magnetic field. It is set to have appropriate dipole and quadrupole magnetic field components so that the accelerated beam is stably transported to the extraction port.
- the extraction channel magnetic field generator is a device that generates the extraction channel magnetic field. It is arranged downstream of the resonance magnetic field region with respect to the traveling direction of the extraction beam, and the dipole magnetic field component adjusts the extraction trajectory of the extraction beam, while the quadrupole magnetic field component gives the extraction beam appropriate convergence and divergence, thereby stably extracting the beam.
- the extraction channel M207 in this embodiment is arranged so that its radial position is further outward than the peeler magnetic field region M205 and the regenerator magnetic field region M206.
- the extraction channel M207 is also arranged downstream of the peeler magnetic field region M205 with respect to the traveling direction of the beam.
- Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main electromagnet A101 along a vertical plane, more specifically, a vertical cross-sectional view along a vertical plane extending downward from the central plane M233 in Figure 2 (in a direction with an azimuth angle of -90°).
- the yoke M201, main magnetic pole M202, coil M203, and emission channel M207 are shown, along with the cancellation magnetic field generating device M214, which will be described later. Also shown is a central plane M233, which is the geometric center plane of the main electromagnet A101 in the vertical direction, and an axial direction M234 of the main electromagnet A101 that is oriented perpendicular to the central plane M233.
- the acceleration region where the beam is accelerated is on the radially inner side
- the emission orbit region where the beam leaves the acceleration region and is emitted is on the radially outer side.
- the output channel M207 is formed with one or more upper and lower pairs of magnetic materials, and has the function of weakening the main magnetic field generated in the approximate axial direction M234.
- the output channel M207 has an output channel partition portion M207a and an output channel adjustment portion M207b.
- the exit channel partition M207a is a partition formed of a magnetic material that extends symmetrically from the central plane M233 in the vertical direction and is arranged to act as a partition on both the inside and outside of the radial direction. Because the exit channel partition M207a is formed of a magnetic material, its magnetic permeability is sufficiently higher than its surroundings. For this reason, nearby magnetic flux is attracted to the exit channel partition M207a, and the magnetic flux density of the adjacent regions on the inside and outside of the radial direction to which the magnetic flux is attracted decreases. This makes it possible to rapidly reduce the main magnetic field in the vicinity of the exit channel partition M207a, and the beam can be pulled away from the main magnetic field.
- the exit channel adjustment unit M207b is formed from a pair of magnetic materials arranged symmetrically above and below the central plane M233, and has the function of guiding the beam to the exit port A103 while controlling the convergence and divergence.
- an exit channel magnetic field is generated that achieves the desired arrival position and shape of the beam.
- Figure 4 is an overview diagram showing an example of an output channel M207.
- the shape of the exit channel M207 in the beam direction is a shape obtained by stretching the cross-sectional shape in the approximately vertical direction along the beam direction of the exit orbit.
- the beam exit orbit is the orbit from when the beam leaves the circular orbit until it is extracted, and the beam direction of the exit orbit is set so that it spreads outward from the center of the main electromagnet A101 relative to the circular orbit M235. Due to the above shape of the exit channel M207, the further the beam advances, the more it is gradually pulled away from the center of the main magnetic field. As the beam moves toward the outer periphery in the exit channel M207, the magnetic field strength of the main magnetic field decreases, and the beam is subjected to horizontal divergence due to a strong magnetic field gradient.
- the beam is corrected using the magnetic field created in the exit orbit by a pair of upper and lower exit channel adjustment units M207b. Therefore, the exit channel M207 has a different cross-sectional shape at each position in the beam direction, and a magnetic field distribution according to the progress of the beam in the exit orbit is generated.
- Figure 5 is a diagram to explain resonant emission of a beam using a resonant magnetic field formed in the resonant magnetic field region.
- the resonant magnetic field regions, the peeler magnetic field region M205 and the regenerator magnetic field region M206, are located radially outside the beam circulation orbits M221 and M222. Therefore, when the RF kicker M204 is not in operation, the beam is not affected by the resonance magnetic field.
- the beam trajectory is displaced horizontally and the beam passes through the resonance magnetic field region.
- the beam reaches the outside of the beam circulation orbits M221 and M222, as shown by the beam orbits M221a and M222a.
- the beam reaches the outer side of the exit channel partition M207a (see FIG. 3) of the exit channel M207, it is separated from the main magnetic field and guided to the exit port A103 along the exit orbit M223.
- the lower the beam energy the more inner the orbit the beam will travel, and so more orbital displacement is required for the beam to reach the entrance of extraction channel M207.
- low-energy beams have less momentum than high-energy beams, so the amount of kick is smaller at the same magnetic field strength. For this reason, it is more difficult for low-energy beams to satisfy the beam extraction conditions than for high-energy beams, and the extraction efficiency of low-energy beams decreases.
- the amount of required orbital displacement can be reduced by moving extraction channel M207 closer to the lowest-energy beam orbit M221.
- the disturbance magnetic field generated by the exit channel M207 on the radially inner side of the central plane M233 becomes large.
- the distance from the magnetic material forming the exit channel M207 to the peeler magnetic field region M205 becomes short, and a high-intensity disturbance magnetic field is generated in the peeler magnetic field region M205 by the exit channel M207.
- This disturbance magnetic field disturbs the peeler magnetic field, and the beam behavior during resonance is highly susceptible to the influence of the peeler magnetic field. For this reason, when a high-intensity disturbance magnetic field is generated in the peeler magnetic field region M205, the peeler magnetic field deviates from the desired magnetic field distribution, making it difficult to extract a good beam.
- the accelerator A100 in order to cancel the high-intensity disturbance magnetic field that the exit channel M207 generates in the peeler magnetic field region M205, the accelerator A100 is equipped with a cancellation magnetic field generator M214 as shown in FIG. 3.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is a device that generates a canceling magnetic field to cancel out the disturbance magnetic field that the emission channel M207 generates in the peer resonant magnetic field region.
- the canceling magnetic field has the opposite polarity to the disturbance magnetic field that the emission channel generates in the peer resonant magnetic field region.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is a device that generates a magnetic field for generating a canceling magnetic field, and can be composed of a ferromagnetic material, a coil, a permanent magnet, or a combination of these.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is composed of a ferromagnetic material such as iron.
- multiple canceling magnetic field generators M214 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central plane M233.
- the canceling magnetic field generators M214 are arranged so as to overlap with the peeler magnetic field region M205 when viewed from above and below. This arrangement allows the disturbance magnetic field generated by the exit channel M207 to be canceled out with high precision.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the disturbance magnetic field (solid line) and cancellation magnetic field (dotted line) due to the extraction channel.
- the vertical axis indicates the magnetic field strength
- the horizontal axis indicates the radial position on the central plane M233. More specifically, the horizontal axis indicates the radial position from the geometric center position M231 of the main electromagnet A101 shown in FIG. 2 downward on the page (direction with an azimuth angle of -90°).
- the left direction is the outer periphery of the main electromagnet A101
- the right direction is the inner periphery of the main electromagnet A101.
- the beam moves from the inner periphery through the acceleration region, the resonance magnetic field region, and the extraction orbit region in that order before being extracted to the outside of the accelerator A100.
- An exit channel partition M207a is provided at the boundary between the resonance region and the exit orbit region.
- the magnetic field distribution in the exit orbit region is such that an exit channel magnetic field of opposite polarity to the strong main magnetic field is formed near the exit channel partition M207a, which separates the beam from the main magnetic field.
- a similarly strong exit channel magnetic field of opposite polarity is also generated in the resonance region on the inner side of the exit channel partition M207a, which becomes a disturbing magnetic field that disrupts the resonance state of the beam. If a canceling magnetic field is generated that cancels out the exit channel magnetic field in the resonance region, as shown in FIG. 6, a good resonance state of the beam can be obtained.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is supported by the main electromagnet A101 or the like by a non-magnetic material (not shown) and is disposed in the gap between a pair of upper and lower main magnetic poles M202. This allows the canceling magnetic field generator M214 to be installed near the area where the beam travels.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is not limited to this configuration, and may be disposed so as to be in contact with the main magnetic pole M202.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is separated from the central plane M233, so that the magnetic field strength per unit volume of the canceling magnetic field on the central plane M233 becomes smaller.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 may become a cause of disturbance magnetic fields in other regions, such as the main magnetic field region.
- beam extraction equipment and beam monitoring equipment are usually installed near the orbit convergence point of the beam orbit, there is a risk of increased magnetic interference from the canceling magnetic field generators M214. Therefore, it is desirable to place the canceling magnetic field generators M214 near the central plane M233 so that a sufficient effect can be obtained with a small amount of magnetic material.
- Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of the cancellation magnetic field generator M214.
- Figure 7 only one side of the pair of cancellation magnetic field generators M214 arranged above and below the central plane M233 is shown.
- Figure 7(a) is a plan view seen from the opposite side to the central plane M233
- Figure 7(b) is a plan view seen from the right side of Figure 3
- Figure 7(c) is a plan view seen from a direction perpendicular to Figure 3
- Figure 7(d) is a perspective view seen from the central plane M233 side.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 has a curved shape along the peeler magnetic field region M205 shown in FIG. 4, and is arranged to sandwich the region (at least a part of the peeler magnetic field region M205) where the disturbance magnetic field is to be cancelled.
- the shape of the canceling magnetic field generator M214 (such as the thickness at each position) is determined according to the intensity distribution of the disturbance magnetic field that the exit channel M207 forms in the peeler magnetic field region M205.
- the thickness of the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is designed to change in both the circumferential and radial directions so as to obtain the desired peeler magnetic field.
- the shape of the canceling magnetic field generator M214 for example, an iterative method of repeating numerical calculation and shape modification can be mentioned.
- the magnetic field and the canceling magnetic field generated by the emission channel at each position are calculated by numerical calculation, and the shape of the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is adjusted so that the disturbance magnetic field by the emission channel is canceled.
- Finite element analysis or the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 may be used for the numerical calculation of the magnetic field and the canceling magnetic field generated by the emission channel.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes a method for generating a desired magnetic field distribution by modifying the shape of the main pole M202 in the main electromagnet A101.
- this method first, the difference between the magnetic field distribution generated by the main electromagnet of the orbital eccentric accelerator obtained by measurement or calculation and the target magnetic field distribution is calculated, and then the difference is removed by adding or removing magnetic material to the main pole surface of the main electromagnet.
- the optimal arrangement of the magnetic material to be added or removed to the main pole surface is calculated by inverse analysis using the least squares method, and the arrangement is reflected in a numerical calculation model, etc., to calculate the main electromagnet shape that generates a non-uniform magnetic field distribution like that of an orbital eccentric accelerator.
- This method may be used in combination when determining the shape of the cancellation magnetic field generator M214 of this embodiment. For example, after the general shape of the cancellation magnetic field generator is determined using finite element analysis, etc. so that the disturbance magnetic field is largely canceled, the disturbance magnetic field can be further reduced by optimizing the shape of the main pole M202 using the method described in Non-Patent Document 2.
- the method shown in Non-Patent Document 2 may be directly applied to determining the shape of the cancellation magnetic field generating device M214 in this embodiment.
- the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic field formed by the exit channel M207 and the main electromagnet A101 is also changed, and when the shape of the exit channel M207 is changed, the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic field formed by the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is also changed. Therefore, iterative processing is often required to determine the shape of the canceling magnetic field generator M214.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is installed near the area where the beam travels, so the effect of the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is highly sensitive to the placement position. For this reason, the accelerator A100 may have a jig for accurately placing the canceling magnetic field generator M214 at the designed position, or a position adjustment mechanism that allows fine adjustment of the position of the canceling magnetic field generator M214.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 may also be integrated with the RF kicker M204 or the exit channel M207.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 when the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is integrated with the exit channel M207, the canceling magnetic field generator M214 can be attached to the main electromagnet A101 together with the exit channel M207 after the relative position with the exit channel M207 is adjusted outside the main electromagnet A101.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 may also be fixed to the main pole M202 of the main electromagnet A101. In either case, the canceling magnetic field generator M214 generates a large attractive force from the main electromagnet A101, so the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is fixed using a non-magnetic and high-strength material.
- the jig or position adjustment mechanism may be made of a material such as stainless steel or carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
- the canceling magnetic field generating device M214 provided on the inner circumference side of the extraction channel M207 can cancel the disturbance magnetic field generated in the peeler section by the extraction channel M207 with a canceling magnetic field having the opposite polarity. This makes it possible to reduce disturbance to the peeler magnetic field when the extraction channel M207 is brought closer to the peeler section. This makes it possible to extract a good beam efficiently.
- the canceling magnetic field generating device M214 is arranged so as to overlap with the peeler magnetic field region M205. This makes it possible to more appropriately cancel out the disturbance magnetic field created by the exit channel generated in the peeler magnetic field region M205, which is likely to affect the behavior of the beam.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M214 is disposed at a position away from the main magnetic pole M202, so it is possible to dispose the canceling magnetic field generator M214 at a position close to the central plane M233. This makes it possible to reduce the influence of the canceling magnetic field generator M214 on the surroundings.
- the canceling magnetic field generating device M214 is made of a ferromagnetic material such as iron, so it is possible to cancel out high-intensity disturbance magnetic fields with a relatively small volume.
- the canceling magnetic field generating device M214 is determined according to the magnetic field distribution of the disturbance magnetic field generated in the resonant magnetic field region, making it possible to appropriately cancel the disturbance magnetic field.
- the beam displacement device generates a peeler magnetic field that disturbs the beam displaced outward, moving the beam radially outward. This allows for better beam extraction.
- the beam displacement device generates a regenerator magnetic field that disturbs the beam displaced outward and moves the beam inward, and generates a peeler magnetic field upstream and a regenerator magnetic field downstream in the direction of beam travel. This allows for better beam extraction.
- This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the accelerator A100 has a cancellation magnetic field generator made of a permanent magnet instead of the cancellation magnetic field generator M214 made of a ferromagnetic material.
- the following mainly describes the configuration that differs from embodiment 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a cancellation magnetic field generating device according to this embodiment, and shows a schematic longitudinal section along the vertical plane of the main electromagnet A101 near the central plane M233.
- multiple cancellation magnetic field generators M241 formed from permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central plane M233 on either side of the beam travel area (a pair in the figure).
- the cancellation magnetic field generators M241 are also arranged to have the same polarity as the magnetic field generated by the main electromagnet A101, that is, the opposite polarity to the disturbance magnetic field generated by the extraction channel M207.
- the residual magnetization of a permanent magnet is at most about 1 Tesla, which is weaker than the saturation magnetization of a ferromagnetic material (about 2 Tesla in the case of iron). For this reason, if the main electromagnet A101 has a high magnetic field strength (for example, 2 Tesla or more), the volume of the canceling magnetic field generator M214 may become large in order to properly cancel the disturbance magnetic field.
- the magnetism of permanent magnets such as neodymium magnets and ferrite magnets changes depending on the temperature, it is necessary to take into consideration the stability of the magnetic field during adjustment and operation.
- Figure 9 shows another example of a cancellation magnetic field generating device formed with permanent magnets.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M242 shown in FIG. 9 is formed as a single unit and attached to the exit channel partition M207a, unlike the canceling magnetic field generator M241 shown in FIG. 8, which is formed of a pair of permanent magnets separated by a central plane M233.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M242 is arranged so that it has the opposite polarity to the disturbance magnetic field generated by the exit channel M207.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M242 is arranged so that it has a magnetic moment opposite to the magnetic moment of the exit channel partition M207a. Even in this case, it is possible to reduce the disturbance magnetic field generated by the exit channel M207 with the canceling magnetic field generated by the canceling magnetic field generator M241.
- the canceling magnetic field generator M242 since the canceling magnetic field generator M242 is close to the exit channel partition M207a, the exit channel magnetic field on the radially outer side is also reduced by the canceling magnetic field generator M242, which may make it difficult to deflect the beam to the exit orbit. For this reason, it is necessary to design the exit channel M207 and the canceling magnetic field generator M214 so that sufficient beam deflection can be obtained.
- the thickness of the canceling magnetic field generator M242 is added to the exit channel partition M207a, a larger turn separation is required. As a result, it is necessary to move the entrance of the exit channel M207 away by the thickness of the canceling magnetic field generator M242, which may reduce the beam extraction efficiency. Therefore, it is simpler to use the canceling magnetic field generator M214 made of a ferromagnetic material, as in Example 1.
- the canceling magnetic field generated by the canceling magnetic field generator M241 can be used to reduce the beam, making it possible to extract a good beam efficiently for all energies to be emitted.
- This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the accelerator A100 has a canceling magnetic field generator formed from a coil instead of the canceling magnetic field generator M214 formed from a ferromagnetic material.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a cancellation magnetic field generating device according to this embodiment, and shows a schematic longitudinal section along the vertical plane of the main electromagnet A101 near the central plane M233.
- the canceling magnetic field generating device M250 shown in FIG. 10 includes a core M251 and a peeler magnetic field generating coil M252.
- the core M251 may be made of a ferromagnetic material such as iron, or may be a coil bobbin made of an electrically insulating resin.
- the peeler magnetic field generating coil M252 is a coil wound around the core M251.
- multiple cancellation magnetic field generators M250 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central plane M233, sandwiching the beam travel area. Furthermore, the cancellation magnetic field generators M250 are arranged and controlled to have the same polarity as the magnetic field generated by the main electromagnet A101, that is, the opposite polarity to the disturbance magnetic field generated by the extraction channel M207. Note that the control of the peeler magnetic field generating coil M252 (e.g., adjustment of the current supplied) is performed, for example, by the control device A140. As a result, in this embodiment as well, as in embodiment 1, it is possible to reduce the disturbance magnetic field generated by the extraction channel M207 with the cancellation magnetic field generated by the cancellation magnetic field generator M250.
- the magnetic field strength generated by the extraction channel M207 in the peeler magnetic field region is about several hundred millitesla in the case of a main electromagnet of about 2 Tesla.
- a large-capacity power supply, hollow conductors, feedthroughs, etc. are required, which may lead to an increase in the size of the device that generates the canceling magnetic field.
- the canceling magnetic field is adjusted by winding the peeler magnetic field generating coil M252 around the core M251. In this case, it is possible to adjust the canceling magnetic field by changing the current supplied to the peeler magnetic field generating coil M252.
- the canceling magnetic field generating device M250 it is possible to adjust the beam extraction ability during the operation of the accelerator A100, for example. This makes it possible to shorten the period required for beam adjustment and absorb the decrease in beam extraction efficiency caused by the introduction of disturbance magnetic fields after disassembling the main electromagnet during maintenance.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a canceling magnetic field generator M250.
- FIG. 11 only one side of a pair of canceling magnetic field generators M250 arranged above and below the central plane M233 is shown.
- FIG. 11(a) is a plan view seen from the opposite side to the central plane M233
- FIG. 11(b) is a plan view seen from the right side of FIG. 10
- FIG. 11(c) is a plan view seen from a direction perpendicular to FIG. 3
- FIG. 11(d) is a perspective view seen from the central plane M233 side.
- the core M251 of the canceling magnetic field generating device M250 has a curved shape along the peeler magnetic field region M205.
- the peeler magnetic field generating coil M252 is wound around the core M251 in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction with an axis that is approximately perpendicular to the central plane M233.
- the canceling magnetic field generating device M250 is formed from a coil, which makes it possible to adjust the beam extraction capability while the accelerator A100 is in operation, making it easier to make adjustments to extract an efficient and good beam.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 主磁場及び加速用高周波電場によって、イオンビームを周回させながら加速する加速器であって、
互いに対向して配置される複数の主磁極に挟まれた空間に前記主磁場を印加する主磁場発生装置と、
前記主磁場が印加されている主磁場領域を周回するイオンビームを前記主磁場領域の外側に変位させるビーム変位装置と、
前記外側に移動されたイオンビームを取り出すための出射チャネル磁場を生成する出射チャネル磁場発生装置と、
前記出射チャネル磁場発生装置よりも内周側に設けられ、前記出射チャネル磁場と逆極性を有するキャンセル磁場を生成するキャンセル磁場発生装置と、を備える加速器。 - 前記出射チャネル磁場発生装置は、
前記主磁場領域の外周部であって、前記主磁場領域の外側に変位されたイオンビームに擾乱を与えて、前記イオンビームを外側に移動させるピーラ磁場が生成されるピーラ磁場領域の外周部に設ける、請求項1に記載の加速器。 - 前記キャンセル磁場発生装置は、前記ピーラ磁場領域上に設けられる、請求項2に記載の加速器。
- 前記出射チャネル磁場発生装置は、前記イオンビームが走行する走行面を通り、当該走行面とは略直交する方向に延びる隔壁部を有する、請求項1に記載の加速器。
- 前記キャンセル磁場発生装置は、前記イオンビームが走行する走行面に対して面対称に複数配置される、請求項1に記載の加速器。
- 前記キャンセル磁場発生装置は、前記空間において、前記イオンビームが走行する走行面に対して直交する軸方向に前記主磁極から離れた位置に配置される、請求項1に記載の加速器。
- 前記キャンセル磁場発生装置は、強磁性体、永久磁石又はコイルである、請求項1に記載の加速器。
- 前記キャンセル磁場発生装置は、強磁性体であり、
前記強磁性体は、鉄である、請求項7に記載の加速器。 - 前記キャンセル磁場発生装置は、コイルであり、
前記コイルに供給する電流を調整する制御装置をさらに有する、請求項7に記載の加速器。 - 前記キャンセル磁場発生装置は、永久磁石であり、
前記永久磁石は、前記隔壁部に取り付けられる、請求項4に記載の加速器。 - 前記キャンセル磁場発生装置の形状は、前記ピーラ磁場領域に生じる前記出射チャネル磁場の磁場分布に応じて定められる、請求項2に記載の加速器。
- 前記ビーム変位装置は、
前記主磁場領域の外周部であって、前記主磁場領域の外側に変位されたイオンビームに擾乱を与えて、前記イオンビームを外側に移動させるピーラ磁場を生成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の加速器。 - 前記ビーム変位装置は、
前記主磁場領域の外周部であって、前記主磁場領域の外側に変位されたイオンビームに擾乱を与えて、前記イオンビームを内側に移動させるリジェネレータ磁場を生成し、
ビーム進行方向に対して、上流側に前記ピーラ磁場を生成し、下流側に前記リジェネレータ磁場を生成する、請求項12に記載の加速器。 - 主磁場及び加速用高周波電場によって、イオンビームを周回させながら加速する加速器と、
前記加速器から取り出されたイオンビームを照射する照射装置とを備え、
前記加速器は、
互いに対向して配置される複数の主磁極に挟まれた空間に前記主磁場を印加する主磁場発生装置と、
前記主磁場が印加されている主磁場領域を周回するイオンビームを前記主磁場領域の外側に変位させるビーム変位装置と、
前記外側に移動されたイオンビームを取り出すための出射チャネル磁場を生成する出射チャネル磁場発生装置と、
前記出射チャネル磁場発生装置よりも内周側に設けられ、前記出射チャネル磁場と逆極性を有するキャンセル磁場を生成するキャンセル磁場発生装置と、を備える粒子線治療装置。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013165055A (ja) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-08-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | セプタム電磁石の制御方法 |
| JP2019096404A (ja) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-06-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 円形加速器および粒子線治療システム |
| JP6612307B2 (ja) | 2017-11-22 | 2019-11-27 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | サイクロトロン |
| WO2021261033A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 粒子線治療システムおよびその制御方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013165055A (ja) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-08-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | セプタム電磁石の制御方法 |
| JP2019096404A (ja) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-06-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 円形加速器および粒子線治療システム |
| JP6612307B2 (ja) | 2017-11-22 | 2019-11-27 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | サイクロトロン |
| WO2021261033A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 粒子線治療システムおよびその制御方法 |
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| W.KLEEVEN: "Fast Computation of magnetic shimming ina high field environment", EUROPEAN CYCLOTRON PROGRESS MEETING, 2012 |
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