WO2024071127A1 - ジフルオロエチレンの製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2024071127A1 WO2024071127A1 PCT/JP2023/034964 JP2023034964W WO2024071127A1 WO 2024071127 A1 WO2024071127 A1 WO 2024071127A1 JP 2023034964 W JP2023034964 W JP 2023034964W WO 2024071127 A1 WO2024071127 A1 WO 2024071127A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/25—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/013—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens
- C07C17/06—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens combined with replacement of hydrogen atoms by halogens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/26—Chromium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/132—Halogens; Compounds thereof with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/35—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction
- C07C17/358—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction by isomerisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/12—Fluorides
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a method for producing difluoroethylene.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for isomerizing HFO-1132(Z) to HFO-1132(E) by contacting the same in the gas phase with iodine as a catalyst.
- (x) supplying HFC-143 and a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) to a reactor filled with a catalyst, and carrying out a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) to obtain a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z);
- the objective is to provide a method for efficiently obtaining HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z).
- Item 1 A process for obtaining a reaction product containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) by supplying a raw material gas containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and/or cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)) and a diluent gas to a reactor filled with a catalyst and carrying out a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z), wherein the content of the diluent gas in the raw material gas is 1 to 80 mol%;
- cc/sec is 0.1 to 10 g ⁇ sec/cc
- a method for producing a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z), comprising: Item 3.
- Item 4. (y) A step of separating the reaction product obtained in the step (x) into a first stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) and a second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z); 3.
- the method according to claim 1 or 2 further comprising: Item 5.
- (z) a step of recycling the first stream or the second stream obtained in the step (y) to the step (x) for the isomerization reaction; 5.
- HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) can be obtained more efficiently than with conventional methods.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the production process of HFO-1132(E) in Examples 1 to 12.
- the present disclosure aims to provide a method for producing a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z), which includes a step of supplying a raw material gas containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143) and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and/or cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)) to a reactor filled with a catalyst, and performing a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) to obtain a reaction product containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z), and which is capable of obtaining HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) more efficiently than conventional methods.
- HFC-143 1,1,2-trifluoroethane
- HFO-1132(E) trans-1,2-difluoroethylene
- the present inventors conducted intensive research to solve the above problems, and found that the above problems can be solved by using a raw material gas containing a specific amount of dilution gas, or by setting the contact time, which is expressed as the ratio of the catalyst loading amount W (g) to the raw material gas flow rate Fo (flow rate at 0°C and 1 atm: cc/sec): W/Fo, within a specific range.
- the present disclosure was completed through further research based on such findings, and includes the following aspects.
- composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) disclosed herein can be broadly divided into the following two embodiments.
- a method for producing a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z), comprising:
- (Embodiment 2: specific W/Fo ratio) a step of supplying a raw material gas containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and/or cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)) to a reactor packed with a catalyst, and carrying out a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) to obtain a reaction product containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z), wherein the contact time represented by the ratio W/Fo of the catalyst loading amount W (g) to the flow rate Fo of the raw material gas (flow rate at 0° C. and 1 atmospheric pressure: cc/sec) is 0.1 to 10 g ⁇ sec/cc;
- a method for producing a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z
- Isomerization Reaction This refers to the isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z). This isomerization reaction follows the following reaction formula. Since HFO-1132(E) is less thermodynamically stable than HFO-1132(Z), the equilibrium is tilted toward HFO-1132(Z). By subjecting a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) to an isomerization reaction, the reaction proceeds so as to approach the content ratio of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) in the equilibrium state. This content ratio depends on the temperature, and the higher the temperature at which the reaction is carried out, the more the amount of HFO-1132(Z) decreases and the more the amount of HFO-1132(E) increases.
- HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) and compositions containing the sameHFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) used as raw materials for isomerization may contain other components. There is no particular limitation on the other components, so long as they do not significantly interfere with the isomerization reaction.
- Examples of other components include impurities mixed in during the process of obtaining a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z), and by-products generated.
- Impurities mixed in include impurities contained in the raw materials used to obtain the above composition.
- a method for obtaining a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) to be used as a raw material for isomerization for example, a method for obtaining the composition by subjecting halogenated ethane to a dehydrohalogenation reaction or a dehalogenation reaction can be mentioned.
- the halogenated ethane used in this reaction is not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range. Specific examples include the following halogenated ethanes. These halogenated ethanes are widely used as refrigerants, solvents, foaming agents, propellants, etc., and are generally available.
- CHClFCH 2 F 1,2-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane
- CHClFCHClF 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane
- CHF 2 CHF 2 1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
- the dehydrohalogenation reaction of halogenated ethane is preferably carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
- the catalyst is not particularly limited and can be selected from a wide range.
- the catalyst may be any known catalyst that can be used in dehydrohalogenation reactions.
- Examples include transition metals, group 14 and 15 elements, and halides, oxides, and oxyhalides of Mg, Al, etc.
- Specific examples of transition elements include Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Ta, and W.
- Specific examples of group 14 elements include Sn and Pb.
- Specific examples of group 15 elements include Sb and Bi.
- Halides of these elements include fluorides, chlorides, etc.
- examples of preferred catalysts include SbCl5 , SbCl3 , SbF5 , TaCl5, SnCl4 , NbCl5 , FeCl3 , CrCl3 , CrF3, TiCl4 , MoCl5 , Cr2O3 , CrO2 , CrO3 , CoCl2 , NiCl2 , MgF2 , AlOF (aluminum oxide fluoride), CrOF (chromium oxide fluoride), etc.
- catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and may be supported on a carrier.
- the carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include porous alumina silicate, such as zeolite, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, activated carbon, titanium oxide, zirconia oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum fluoride, etc., and one or more of these may be mixed, or structurally composite.
- Specific examples of catalysts supported on a carrier include Cr2O3 / Al2O3 , Cr2O3 / AlF3 , Cr2O3 /C, CoCl2/ Cr2O3 / Al2O3 , NiCl2 / Cr2O3 / Al2O3, CoCl2/AlF3 , NiCl2 / AlF3 , etc.
- chromium oxide As the catalyst, it is preferable to use a catalyst containing chromium atoms, and chromium oxide is particularly preferable.
- chromium oxide include crystalline chromium oxide and amorphous chromium oxide, and the above fluorinated chromium oxide is particularly preferable.
- the dehalogenation reaction of halogenated ethane can be carried out according to a known method.
- the dehalogenation reaction can be carried out by reacting with an organomagnesium compound, zinc or other metal reagent in an aprotic solvent.
- a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) can be obtained by reacting 1-bromo-1,2,2-fluoroethane with zinc powder in an aprotic solvent to remove FBr.
- the reaction temperature for the dehalogenation reaction is not particularly limited and can be set appropriately. For example, it can be set to -20°C to 200°C, and preferably 0°C to 80°C.
- the metal reagent used in the dehalogenation reaction is not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately.
- zinc, magnesium, nickel, etc. can be used.
- Zinc is particularly preferred.
- the method for producing difluoroethylene according to embodiment 1 includes the steps of: (x) a step of supplying a raw material gas containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and/or cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)), and a diluent gas to a reactor filled with a catalyst, and carrying out a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) to obtain a reaction product containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z), wherein the content of the diluent gas in the raw material gas is 1 to 80 mol%;
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z), comprising:
- step (x) a feed gas containing HFC-143, HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z), and a diluent gas is supplied to a reactor filled with a catalyst, and a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) are carried out to obtain a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z).
- the content of the diluent gas in the feed gas is 1 to 80 mol%, which makes it easier to separate a first stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) from a second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z) in the subsequent step (y).
- the manufacturing method disclosed herein can produce the desired isomer of HFO-1132 more efficiently than the manufacturing methods of the prior art.
- Catalyst examples of catalysts include transition metals, group 14 and group 15 elements, and halides, oxides, and oxyhalides of Mg, Al, etc.
- Specific examples of transition elements include Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Ta, and W.
- Specific examples of group 14 elements include Sn and Pb.
- Specific examples of group 15 elements include Sb and Bi.
- Halides of these elements include fluorides, chlorides, etc.
- examples of preferred catalysts include SbCl5 , SbCl3 , SbF5 , TaCl5, SnCl4 , NbCl5 , FeCl3 , CrCl3 , CrF3, TiCl4 , MoCl5 , Cr2O3 , CrO2 , CrO3 , CoCl2 , NiCl2 , MgF2 , AlOF (aluminum oxide fluoride), CrOF (chromium oxide fluoride), etc.
- catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and may be supported on a carrier.
- the carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include porous alumina silicate, such as zeolite, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, activated carbon, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum fluoride, etc., and one or more of these may be mixed, or structurally composite.
- Specific examples of catalysts supported on a carrier include Cr2O3 / Al2O3 , Cr2O3 / AlF3 , Cr2O3 /C, CoCl2/ Cr2O3 / Al2O3 , NiCl2 / Cr2O3 / Al2O3, CoCl2/AlF3 , NiCl2 / AlF3 , etc.
- chromium oxide As the catalyst, it is preferable to use a catalyst containing chromium atoms, and chromium oxide is particularly preferable.
- chromium oxide include crystalline chromium oxide and amorphous chromium oxide, and the above fluorinated chromium oxide is particularly preferable.
- the reactor filled with the catalyst may be a fixed bed or fluidized bed type reactor filled with the above-mentioned catalyst, and the catalyst may be in the form of pellets, powder, granules, etc.
- Feed gas In the method of embodiment 1, when a feed gas containing HFC-143, HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z), and a diluent gas is supplied to a reactor, the content of the diluent gas in the feed gas is set to 1 to 80 mol %.
- the contents of HFC-143, HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) in the feed gas can be set arbitrarily.
- the diluent gas content in the feed gas be 1 to 80 mol%, it is possible to suppress the generation of by-products in step (x). Details of the diluent gas will be described later, but for example, by using HF gas as the diluent gas, it is possible to suppress the generation (by-product) of HFC-143a in step (x) compared to the case where no diluent gas is used.
- HF gas hydrogen fluoride gas
- O2 gas oxygen gas
- CO2 gas carbon dioxide gas
- N2 gas nitrogen gas
- the conversion rate of HFC-143 in step (x) begins to decrease immediately after the start of the reaction when no diluent gas is used, but when O2 gas is used as the diluent gas, a good conversion rate is maintained for 100 hours or more.
- the preferred content of the diluent gas in the feed gas is 4 to 70 mol%, and more preferably 40 to 65 mol%.
- a content of 40 to 65 mol% tends to extend the catalyst life. Without being bound by theory, this is thought to be because the production of polymers and/or tar is efficiently suppressed.
- the dilution gas may be HF gas, O2 gas, CO2 gas, N2 gas, helium gas, argon gas, etc., and N2 gas is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of cost.
- HF gas, O2 gas, and CO2 gas may each be a preferred dilution gas from the viewpoint described below.
- step (y) when HF gas is used as the diluent gas, in the subsequent step (y), when separating into a first stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) and a second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z), the HF contained in the second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z) can be recycled to step (x) as a stream containing the desired amount of HF without having to be completely separated. This makes it possible to reduce the equipment and operating costs of step (y) compared to when HF gas is not used.
- the molar concentration of O2 is not limited, but is preferably set to 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol% or more, relative to the total molar concentration of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) and HFC-143, thereby further enhancing the effect of extending the catalyst life.
- the effect of extending the catalyst life can also be enhanced by using chlorine gas instead of O2 gas. In other words, chlorine gas can also be used as the dilution gas.
- the molar concentration of CO2 is not limited, but is preferably set to 30 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, relative to the total molar concentration of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) and HFC-143, thereby obtaining the effect of reducing the flammability of the raw material gas, the gas containing the reaction product, and the gas in the system subjected to the separation step.
- the concentration of CO2 in the dilution gas can be arbitrarily adjusted to reduce the flammability of the gas in the process system and further to make it non-flammable, and can also be appropriately determined from the viewpoint of the yield of the target product in the separation step.
- step (x) a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) is obtained by carrying out a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z).
- HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) are obtained by the dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143.
- step (x) the dehydrofluorination reaction and the isomerization reaction are carried out in the same reactor or in one step. In step (x) in the present disclosure, both reactions are basically carried out in the same reactor.
- the dehydrofluorination reaction and isomerization reaction may be carried out in either a continuous or batch manner, but it is preferable to use a continuous system in order to improve production efficiency.
- both reactions may be carried out in either a liquid phase or gas phase reaction, but a gas phase reaction is preferable.
- the following pressure and contact time conditions are for gas phase reactions.
- the reaction temperature for both reactions in step (x) is not critical, but is preferably in the range of 200°C to 500°C, and more preferably in the range of 300°C to 450°C.
- the pressure in the reactor is not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate, but since high pressure promotes the production of polymers such as tar, an appropriate pressure can be set. Normally, the pressure ranges from normal pressure to 0.2 MPaG, and preferably from normal pressure to 0.1 MPaG. Note that pressure values in this disclosure refer to gauge pressure (units with the letter "G" at the end), unless otherwise specified.
- the reaction time can be set appropriately and is not particularly limited.
- the conversion rate can be increased by increasing the contact time, but the amount of catalyst increases, making the equipment larger and less efficient, so it is necessary to select an appropriate contact time.
- the contact time expressed as the ratio W/Fo of the catalyst loading amount W (g) to the flow rate Fo of the raw material gas flowing through the reaction system (flow rate at 0°C and 1 atmosphere: cc/sec), is preferably set to about 0.01 to 80 g ⁇ sec/cc, more preferably about 0.5 to 50 g ⁇ sec/cc, and even more preferably about 1 to 15 g ⁇ sec/cc. Setting it within this range makes it easier to suppress the production of by-products.
- Step (y) the reaction product obtained in step (x) is separated into a first stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) and a second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z).
- the reactor outlet gas produced by the isomerization reaction in step (x) may be cooled and liquefied, and then distilled to separate the gas.
- the first stream is mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) and the second stream is mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z).
- the first stream contains 30 mol % or more, and preferably 50 mol % or more, of HFO-1132(E) based on the total organic matter in the first stream.
- the second stream containing HFO-1132(Z) as a main component contains 30 mol % or more, and preferably 50 mol % or more, of HFO-1132(Z) based on the total organic matter in the second stream.
- the first stream may contain, in addition to the desired HFO-1132(E), HFC-143a, etc., produced by a rearrangement reaction of HFC-143 used to obtain a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z).
- HFO-1132(E) can be further separated by a separate means such as distillation.
- Step (z) In the method of embodiment 1, the first stream or the second stream obtained in the step (y) may be recycled to the step (x) for the isomerization reaction. good.
- step (y) in order to recover a composition having a higher content of either HFO-1132(E) or HFO-1132(Z), it is preferable to further include a step of recovering, from the first stream and the second stream obtained in step (y), a stream different from the stream recycled in step (z).
- the first stream may be recycled in step (z) and the second stream may be recovered.
- Embodiment 2 (specific W/Fo ratio)
- the method for producing difluoroethylene according to the second embodiment includes the steps of: (x) a step of supplying a raw material gas containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), and trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and/or cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)) to a reactor packed with a catalyst, and carrying out a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) to obtain a reaction product containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z), wherein the contact time represented by the ratio W/Fo of the catalyst loading amount W (g) to the flow rate Fo of the raw material gas (flow rate at 0° C. and 1 atmospheric pressure: cc/sec) is 0.1 to 10 g ⁇ sec/cc;
- the present invention
- step (x) a raw material gas containing HFC-143 and HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) is supplied to a reactor filled with a catalyst, and a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) are carried out to obtain a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z).
- the contact time represented by the ratio W/Fo of the catalyst filling amount W (g) to the flow rate Fo of the raw material gas (flow rate at 0° C.
- cc/sec 0.1 to 10 g ⁇ sec/cc, thereby making it possible to suppress the generation of by-products.
- the production of CO, CO 2 , HFC-143a, etc. is suppressed, and the amount of HFO-1132 lost together with CO, CO 2 , HFC-143a, etc. during separation of a first stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) from a second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z) in the subsequent step (y) can be reduced.
- the production method of the present disclosure can obtain the desired isomer of HFO-1132 more efficiently than the production methods of the prior art.
- Catalyst examples of catalysts include transition metals, group 14 and group 15 elements, and halides, oxides, and oxyhalides of Mg, Al, etc.
- Specific examples of transition elements include Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Ta, and W.
- Specific examples of group 14 elements include Sn and Pb.
- Specific examples of group 15 elements include Sb and Bi.
- Halides of these elements include fluorides, chlorides, etc.
- examples of preferred catalysts include SbCl5 , SbCl3 , SbF5 , TaCl5, SnCl4 , NbCl5 , FeCl3 , CrCl3 , CrF3, TiCl4 , MoCl5 , Cr2O3 , CrO2 , CrO3 , CoCl2 , NiCl2 , MgF2 , AlOF (aluminum oxide fluoride), CrOF (chromium oxide fluoride), etc.
- catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and may be supported on a carrier.
- the carrier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include porous alumina silicate, such as zeolite, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, activated carbon, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum fluoride, etc., and one or more of these may be mixed, or structurally composite.
- Specific examples of catalysts supported on a carrier include Cr2O3 / Al2O3 , Cr2O3 / AlF3 , Cr2O3 /C, CoCl2/ Cr2O3 / Al2O3 , NiCl2 / Cr2O3 / Al2O3, CoCl2/AlF3 , NiCl2 / AlF3 , etc.
- chromium oxide As the catalyst, it is preferable to use a catalyst containing chromium atoms, and chromium oxide is particularly preferable.
- chromium oxide include crystalline chromium oxide and amorphous chromium oxide, and the above fluorinated chromium oxide is particularly preferable.
- the reactor filled with the catalyst may be a fixed bed or fluidized bed type reactor filled with the above-mentioned catalyst, and the catalyst may be in the form of pellets, powder, granules, etc.
- Feed gas In the method of embodiment 2, a feed gas containing HFC-143, and HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) is used.
- the contents of HFC-143, HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) in the feed gas can be set arbitrarily.
- the feed gas may be diluted with a dilution gas.
- HF gas HF gas
- O2 gas CO2 gas
- N2 gas helium gas
- argon gas etc.
- N2 gas being particularly preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
- the molar concentration of the diluent gas in the raw gas is preferably 0.01 to 3.0 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, and even more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mol%, based on the total molar concentration of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) and HFC-143.
- O2 gas or chlorine gas is used as the diluent gas, the effect of extending the catalyst life can be further enhanced. In other words, chlorine gas can also be used as the diluent gas.
- the molar concentration of CO2 is not limited, but is preferably set to 30 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, relative to the total molar concentration of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) and HFC-143, thereby obtaining an effect of reducing the flammability of each of the raw material gas, the gas containing the reaction product, and the gas in the system subjected to the separation step.
- the concentration of CO2 in the dilution gas can be arbitrarily adjusted to reduce the flammability of the gas in the process system and further to make it non-flammable, and can also be appropriately determined from the viewpoint of the yield of the target product in the separation step.
- step (x) a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) is obtained by carrying out a dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143 and an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z).
- HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) are obtained by the dehydrofluorination reaction of HFC-143.
- step (x) the dehydrofluorination reaction and the isomerization reaction are carried out in the same reactor or in one step. Both reactions may be carried out in a continuous or batch manner, but it is preferable to adopt a continuous method in terms of increasing production efficiency.
- embodiment 2 is a gas phase reaction.
- the contact time represented by the ratio W/Fo of the catalyst loading amount W (g) to the flow rate Fo of the raw material gas (flow rate at 0° C. and 1 atmospheric pressure: cc/sec) is set in the range of 0.1 to 10 g ⁇ sec/cc. This makes it possible to suppress the generation of by-products in the step (x). In particular, the generation of CO, CO 2 , HFC-143a, etc. is suppressed, and the amount of HFO-1132 lost together with CO, CO 2 , HFC-143a, etc.
- the contact time represented by W/Fo may be in the range of 0.1 to 10 g ⁇ sec/cc, and is preferably in the range of 1 to 5 g ⁇ sec/cc. By setting the contact time in this range, it becomes easier to suppress the generation of by-products.
- the reaction temperature for both reactions in step (x) is not critical, but is preferably in the range of 200°C to 500°C, and more preferably in the range of 300°C to 450°C.
- the pressure in the reactor is not particularly limited and can be set appropriately, but since high pressure promotes the production of polymers such as tar, an appropriate pressure can be set. Usually, it is set in the range of normal pressure to 0.2 MPaG, and preferably normal pressure to 0.1 MPaG.
- Step (y) the reaction product obtained in step (x) is separated into a first stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) and a second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z).
- the reactor outlet gas produced by the isomerization reaction in step (x) may be cooled and liquefied, and then distilled to separate the gas.
- the first stream is mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) and the second stream is mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z).
- the first stream contains 30 mol % or more, and preferably 50 mol % or more, of HFO-1132(E) based on the total organic matter in the first stream.
- the second stream containing HFO-1132(Z) as a main component contains 30 mol % or more, and preferably 50 mol % or more, of HFO-1132(Z) based on the total organic matter in the second stream.
- the first stream may contain, in addition to the desired HFO-1132(E), HFC-143a, etc., produced by a rearrangement reaction of HFC-143 used to obtain a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z).
- HFO-1132(E) can be further separated by a separate means such as distillation.
- Step (z) In the method of embodiment 2, the first stream or the second stream obtained in step (y) may be recycled to the step (x) for the isomerization reaction. good.
- step (y) in order to recover a composition having a higher content of either HFO-1132(E) or HFO-1132(Z), it is preferable to further include a step of recovering, from the first stream and the second stream obtained in step (y), a stream different from the stream recycled in step (z).
- the first stream may be recycled in step (z) and the second stream may be recovered.
- Examples 1 to 12 A process was established in which a feed gas containing HFC-143 and HFO-1132(Z) is supplied to a reactor packed with a catalyst and subjected to a dehydrofluorination reaction and an isomerization reaction to obtain a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) (step (x)), which is then sent to a separation step to separate the composition into a first stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) and a second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z) (step (y)), and the second stream is recycled to step (x) (step (z)).
- step (x) Dehydrofluorination reaction and isomerization reaction (step (x)) Under the reaction conditions shown in Tables 1 and 2, each raw material gas (shown by inlet composition) was subjected to a dehydrofluorination reaction and an isomerization reaction to obtain a composition (shown by outlet organic composition) containing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z) (step (x)).
- the reactor had an outer diameter of 12.7 mm and a length of 700 mm, and was filled with 10 g of a chromium oxide catalyst prepared by the following preparation procedure, to carry out the above reaction.
- chromium oxide catalyst 114 g of 10% aqueous ammonia was added to 765 g of a 5.7% aqueous solution of chromium nitrate, and the resulting precipitate was filtered and washed, then dried in air at 120°C for 12 hours to obtain chromium hydroxide. This was formed into a pellet with a diameter of 3.0 mm and a height of 3.0 mm, and calcined in a nitrogen stream at 400°C for 2 hours. The obtained chromium oxide was identified as CrO 2.0 as a result of quantitative determination of the Cr content and elemental analysis.
- This pellet-shaped chromium oxide was filled into a Hastelloy C reaction tube, and heated to 200-360°C stepwise using a gas in which HF was diluted with N 2 to 20% by volume. After reaching 360°C, it was fluorinated with 100% HF for 220 hours to obtain a fluorinated chromium oxide catalyst.
- Example 1 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 30.0/60.0/10.0/0.0.
- the reaction temperature was 350°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 10 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order, 65.0/13.0/12.0/4.0/3.1/0.8.
- Example 2 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 28.7/57.4/9.6/4.3.
- the reaction temperature was 350°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 10 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order, 64.0/12.2/15.0/2.9/2.9/0.9.
- Example 3 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 15.8/31.6/5.3/47.4.
- the reaction temperature was 350°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 10 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order, 60.0/11.1/23.0/2.2/2.0/1.1.
- Example 4 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 10.7/21.4/3.6/64.3.
- the reaction temperature was 350°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 10 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order, 58.0/9.5/26.0/1.6/1.8/1.1.
- Example 5 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 10.7/21.4/3.6/64.3.
- the reaction temperature was 350°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 20 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order, 57.0/9.7/24.0/2.7/2.9/1.8.
- Example 6 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 15.0/80.0/5.0/0.0.
- the reaction temperature was 370°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 10 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order, 72.0/15.0/4.0/2.9/3.1/1.2.
- Example 7 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 15.0/80.0/5.0/0.0.
- the reaction temperature was 370°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 5 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order, 75.0/11.0/7.0/2.0/2.2/0.8.
- Example 8 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 15.0/80.0/5.0/0.0.
- the reaction temperature was 370°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 1.5 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order: 80.0/8.0/9.0/1.1/0.8/0.4.
- Example 9 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 15.0/80.0/5.0/0.0.
- the reaction temperature was 370°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 0.5 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order: 81.0/6.0/11.0/0.5/0.9/0.2.
- Example 10 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 88.0/10.0/2.0/0.0.
- the reaction temperature was 300°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 3 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order: 13.0/0.2/85.0/0.2/0.2/0.1.
- Example 11 The inlet composition (mol %) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /HF, in that order, 88.0/10.0/2.0/0.0.
- the reaction temperature was 300°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 7 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order: 19.0/1.0/79.0/0.4/0.4/0.1.
- Example 12 The inlet composition (mol%) was HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O 2 /N 2 , in that order: 15.8/31.6/5.3/47.4.
- the reaction temperature was 350°C, and the contact time, expressed as W/Fo, was 10 g ⁇ sec/cc.
- the outlet organic composition (mol %) was HFO-1132(Z)/HFO-1132(E)/HFC-143/CO/CO 2 /R143a, in that order, 59.0/11.6/20.0/2.9/2.8/0.9.
- An isomerization reaction was carried out using a fluorinated chromium oxide catalyst, and a reaction product was obtained in which the concentration of one of the isomers was higher than that of the raw material composition consisting of the supplied HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z).
- O2 gas as the diluent gas, it can be seen that catalyst deterioration was suppressed and a good conversion rate was maintained even after 100 hours of reaction.
- Example 3 in which the diluent gas is HF gas is compared with Example 12 in which the diluent gas is N2 gas, it can be seen that Example 3 in which HF gas is used can more effectively suppress the generation (by-production) of CO, CO2 , etc.
- Example 1 in which HF gas is not used it can be seen that Example 2 in which HF gas is used can more effectively suppress the generation (by-production) of CO, CO2 , etc.
- the contact time is long (not satisfying the requirements of embodiment 2) as in Example 4
- the generation (by-production) of CO can be significantly suppressed as long as the amount of diluent gas satisfies the requirements of embodiment 1.
- the product could be easily separated by distillation in the subsequent step (y) into a first stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(E) and a second stream mainly composed of HFO-1132(Z).
- the flow rate (kg/hr) of each component in each stream is as follows, and is also summarized in Table 3.
- the flow rate of each component in each stream is HFO-1132(E)/HFO-1132(Z)/HFC-143/HFC-143a/total of CO+ CO2 /HF, in that order: F11...0/0/8.8/0/0/0 S11...5.6/70.9/72/0.63/0.48/41.7 S12...5.6/0/0/0.63/0.48/0.03 S13 ...
- the target product was HFO-1132(E).
- the HF gas contained in the stream was removed by a deoxidizer before being sent to the next process, and deoxidization can be performed by any method such as adsorption, distillation, or water washing.
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Abstract
Description
(x)触媒を充填した反応器に、HFC-143と、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物とを供給して、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物を得る工程;
(y)前記工程(x)で得られた反応生成物を、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームと、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームとに分離する工程;及び
(z)前記工程(y)で得られた第1又は第2ストリームを前記工程(x)にリサイクルして、前記異性化反応に供する工程
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法が開示されている。
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法。
項2.(x)触媒を充填した反応器に、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143)と、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及び/又はシス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(Z))とを含む原料ガスを供給して、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む反応生成物を得る工程であって、触媒充填量W(g)と、前記原料ガスの流量Fo(0℃、1気圧での流量:cc/sec)との比率:W/Foで表される接触時間が0.1~10g・sec/ccである工程;
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法。
項3.前記希釈ガスは、HFガス、O2ガス、CO2ガス、及びN2ガスからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である、上記項1に記載の製造方法。
項4.(y)前記工程(x)で得られた前記反応生成物を、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームと、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームとに分離する工程;
を更に含む、上記項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
項5.(z)前記工程(y)で得られた前記第1ストリーム又は前記第2ストリームを前記工程(x)にリサイクルして、前記異性化反応に供する工程;
を更に含む、上記項4に記載の製造方法。
(x)触媒を充填した反応器に、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143)と、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及び/又はシス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(Z))と、希釈ガスとを含む原料ガスを供給して、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む反応生成物を得る工程であって、前記原料ガス中の前記希釈ガスの含有量が1~80mol%である工程;
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法。
(x)触媒を充填した反応器に、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143)と、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及び/又はシス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(Z))とを含む原料ガスを供給して、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む反応生成物を得る工程であって、触媒充填量W(g)と、前記原料ガスの流量Fo(0℃、1気圧での流量:cc/sec)との比率:W/Foで表される接触時間が0.1~10g・sec/ccである工程;
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法。
1.1. 異性化反応
HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応をいう。この異性化反応は、以下の反応式に従う。HFO-1132(E)は、HFO-1132(Z)よりも熱力学的に安定性が低いため、この平衡はHFO-1132(Z)側に傾いている。HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物を異性化反応に供することにより、平衡状態でのHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)の含有割合に近づくように反応が進む。この含有割合は温度に依存しており、高温で反応を行うほどHFO-1132(Z)が減少し、HFO-1132(E)が増加する。
異性化の原料として用いられる、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)は、その他の成分を含んでいてもよい。その他の成分としては、上記異性化反応を著しく妨げない限り、特に限定されない。
1-ブロモ-1,2-ジフルオロエタン(CHFBrCH2F)
1-クロロ-1,2-ジフルオロエタン(CHClFCH2F)
1,2-ジクロロ-1,2-ジフルオロエタン(CHClFCHClF)
1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン(CHF2CHF2)
1-クロロ-1,2,2-トリフルオロエタン(CHClFCHF2)
上記ハロゲン化エタンの脱ハロゲン化水素反応は、触媒存在下で行うことが好ましい。触媒としては、特に限定されず、幅広く選択できる。
上記ハロゲン化エタンの脱ハロゲン化反応は、公知の方法に従って行うことができる。例えば、非プロトン性溶媒中で、有機マグネシウム化合物、亜鉛などの金属試薬と反応させることによって、脱ハロゲン化反応を行うことができる。具体例としては、非プロトン性溶媒中で、1-ブロモ-1,2,2-フルオロエタンを亜鉛粉末と反応させて脱FBrすることにより、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物が得られる。
実施形態1のジフルオロエチレンの製造方法は、
(x)触媒を充填した反応器に、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143)と、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及び/又はシス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(Z))と、希釈ガスとを含む原料ガスを供給して、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む反応生成物を得る工程であって、前記原料ガス中の前記希釈ガスの含有量が1~80mol%である工程;
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法である。
触媒としては、例えば、遷移金属、14族元素及び15族元素、並びにMg、Al等のハロゲン化物、酸化物及び酸化ハロゲン化物等を例示できる。遷移元素の具体例としては、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Nb、Ta、W等を挙げることができる。14族元素の具体例としては、Sn、Pb等を挙げることができる。15族元素の具体例としては、Sb、Bi等を挙げることができる。
触媒を充填した反応器としては、上述の触媒が充填された固定床、又は流動床の形式の反応器で、例えばペレット状、粉体状、粒状等の形状の触媒を用いることができる。
実施形態1の方法においては、HFC-143と、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)と、希釈ガスとを含む原料ガスを反応器に供給するにあたり、原料ガス中の希釈ガスの含有量を1~80mol%とする。なお、原料ガス中のHFC-143と、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)との含有量は任意に設定することができる。
工程(x)ではHFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物を得る。ここで、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応によりHFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)が得られる。工程(x)では、上記脱フッ化水素反応と異性化反応とは同一反応器又は1ステップで行う。なお、本開示における工程(x)では同一反応器で上記両反応を行うことを基本とするが、エンジニアリング的な理由により反応器のサイズが大きすぎる、反応器が長すぎる等から実使用が困難な場合に、同一の反応器(1つの反応器)に代えて、同じ反応条件で制御する反応器を複数並列に並べて各反応器に同じ組成の原料ガスを供給する態様も採り得る。このような態様を「1ステップ」と称する(後述の実施形態2においても同じ)。
実施形態1の方法では、工程(x)で得られた反応生成物を、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームと、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームとに分離する工程(y)を有していてもよい。例えば、具体的には、工程(x)の異性化反応により生成した反応器出口ガスを、冷却して液化させた後、蒸留して、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームと、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームとに分離する。なお、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームは、第1ストリーム中の有機物全体のうちHFO-1132(E)を30mol%以上含有し、好ましくは50mol%以上含有する。また、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームは、第2ストリーム中の有機物全体のうちHFO-1132(Z)を30mol%以上含有し、好ましくは50mol%以上含有する。
実施形態1の方法では、工程(y)で得られた第1ストリーム又は第2ストリームを、前記工程(x)にリサイクルして、前記異性化反応に供する工程(z)を有していてもよい。
実施形態2のジフルオロエチレンの製造方法は、
(x)触媒を充填した反応器に、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143)と、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及び/又はシス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(Z))とを含む原料ガスを供給して、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む反応生成物を得る工程であって、触媒充填量W(g)と、前記原料ガスの流量Fo(0℃、1気圧での流量:cc/sec)との比率:W/Foで表される接触時間が0.1~10g・sec/ccである工程;
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法である。
触媒としては、例えば、遷移金属、14族元素及び15族元素、並びにMg、Al等のハロゲン化物、酸化物及び酸化ハロゲン化物等を例示できる。遷移元素の具体例としては、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Zr、Nb、Ta、W等を挙げることができる。14族元素の具体例としては、Sn、Pb等を挙げることができる。15族元素の具体例としては、Sb、Bi等を挙げることができる。
触媒を充填した反応器としては、上述の触媒が充填された固定床、又は流動床の形式の反応器で、例えばペレット状、粉体状、粒状等の形状の触媒を用いることができる。
実施形態2の方法においては、HFC-143と、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)とを含む原料ガスを用いる。なお、原料ガス中のHFC-143と、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)との含有量は任意に設定することができる。また、原料ガスは、希釈ガスにより希釈されていてもよい。
工程(x)ではHFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物を得る。ここで、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応によりHFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)が得られる。工程(x)では、上記脱フッ化水素反応と異性化反応とは同一反応器又は1ステップで行う。両反応は連続式又はバッチ式のいずれもよいが、製造効率を高める点では連続式を採用することが好ましい。なお、実施形態2は気相反応である。
実施形態2の方法では、工程(x)で得られた反応生成物を、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームと、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームとに分離する工程(y)を有していてもよい。例えば、具体的には、工程(x)の異性化反応により生成した反応器出口ガスを、冷却して液化させた後、蒸留して、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームと、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームとに分離する。なお、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームは、第1ストリーム中の有機物全体のうちHFO-1132(E)を30mol%以上含有し、好ましくは50mol%以上含有する。また、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームは、第2ストリーム中の有機物全体のうちHFO-1132(Z)を30mol%以上含有し、好ましくは50mol%以上含有する。
実施形態2の方法では、工程(y)で得られた第1ストリーム又は第2ストリームを、前記工程(x)にリサイクルして、前記異性化反応に供する工程(z)を有していてもよい。
HFC-143とHFO-1132(Z)とを含む原料ガスを、触媒を充填した反応器に供給して脱フッ化水素反応及び異性化反応に供してHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物を得(工程(x))、これを分離工程に送ってHFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリーム及びHFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームに分離し(工程(y))、第2ストリームを工程(x)にリサイクルする(工程(z))プロセスを構築した。
表1及び表2に示す反応条件により、各原料ガス(入口組成で表記)を脱フッ化水素反応及び異性化反応に供し、HFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物(出口有機物組成で表記)を得た(工程(x))。反応器の形状は外径12.7mm、長さ700mmであり、下記調製手順により得た酸化クロム触媒を10g充填して上記反応を行った。
硝酸クロムの5.7%水溶液765gに、10%のアンモニア水114gを加え、得られた沈殿を濾過洗浄後、空気中、120℃で12時間乾燥して、水酸化クロムを得た。これを直径3.0mm、高さ3.0mmのペレットに成形し、窒素気流中400℃で2時間焼成した。得られた酸化クロムは、Cr量の定量及び元素分析の結果、CrO2.0と特定された。このペレット状の酸化クロムをハステロイC製反応管に充填し、HFをN2で20体積%に希釈したガスを使用し、200~360℃まで段階的に温度を上げながら加熱し、360℃に到達した後、100%HFにより220時間フッ素化して、フッ素化された酸化クロム触媒を得た。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、30.0/60.0/10.0/0.0であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、28.7/57.4/9.6/4.3であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、15.8/31.6/5.3/47.4であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、10.7/21.4/3.6/64.3であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、10.7/21.4/3.6/64.3であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、15.0/80.0/5.0/0.0であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、15.0/80.0/5.0/0.0であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、15.0/80.0/5.0/0.0であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、15.0/80.0/5.0/0.0であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、88.0/10.0/2.0/0.0であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/HFの順に、88.0/10.0/2.0/0.0であった。
入口組成(mol%)は、HFC-143/HFO-1132(Z)/O2/N2の順に、15.8/31.6/5.3/47.4であった。
上記結果をもとに、図1に模式的に示した製造プロセスを構築した。各ストリームにおける各成分の流量(kg/hr)は下記の通りであり、併せて表3にもまとめて示す。各ストリームにおける各成分の流量は、HFO-1132(E)/HFO-1132(Z)/HFC-143/HFC-143a/CO+CO2の合計/HFの順に、
F11…0/0/8.8/0/0/0
S11…5.6/70.9/72/0.63/0.48/41.7
S12…5.6/0/0/0.63/0.48/0.03
S13…0/70.9/72/0/0/41.67
S14…0/70.9/72/0/0/39.3
S15…0/0/0/0/0/2.4
であった。反応条件は反応温度350℃、反応圧は0.1MPaG、W/F0=6g・sec/ccである。目的生成物はHFO-1132(E)である。また、ストリーム中に含まれるHFガスは次の工程に送る際に脱酸装置により除去されて送られるが、脱酸は吸着、蒸留、水洗などいずれの方法でも行うことができる。
B.蒸留塔
C.蒸留塔
Claims (5)
- (x)触媒を充填した反応器に、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143)と、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及び/又はシス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(Z))と、希釈ガスとを含む原料ガスを供給して、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む反応生成物を得る工程であって、前記原料ガス中の前記希釈ガスの含有量が1~80mol%である工程;
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法。 - (x)触媒を充填した反応器に、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(HFC-143)と、トランス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(E))及び/又はシス-1,2-ジフルオロエチレン(HFO-1132(Z))とを含む原料ガスを供給して、HFC-143の脱フッ化水素反応と、HFO-1132(E)とHFO-1132(Z)との間の異性化反応とを行うことによりHFO-1132(E)及びHFO-1132(Z)を含む反応生成物を得る工程であって、触媒充填量W(g)と、前記原料ガスの流量Fo(0℃、1気圧での流量:cc/sec)との比率:W/Foで表される接触時間が0.1~10g・sec/ccである工程;
を含む、HFO-1132(E)及び/又はHFO-1132(Z)を含む組成物の製造方法。 - 前記希釈ガスは、HFガス、O2ガス、CO2ガス、及びN2ガスからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- (y)前記工程(x)で得られた前記反応生成物を、HFO-1132(E)を主成分とする第1ストリームと、HFO-1132(Z)を主成分とする第2ストリームとに分離する工程;
を更に含む、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。 - (z)前記工程(y)で得られた前記第1ストリーム又は前記第2ストリームを前記工程(x)にリサイクルして、前記異性化反応に供する工程;
を更に含む、請求項4に記載の製造方法。
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