WO2024071140A1 - 熱源ユニット及び空気調和装置 - Google Patents
熱源ユニット及び空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024071140A1 WO2024071140A1 PCT/JP2023/035004 JP2023035004W WO2024071140A1 WO 2024071140 A1 WO2024071140 A1 WO 2024071140A1 JP 2023035004 W JP2023035004 W JP 2023035004W WO 2024071140 A1 WO2024071140 A1 WO 2024071140A1
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- refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/26—Refrigerant piping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/46—Component arrangements in separate outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
- F25B2345/001—Charging refrigerant to a cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
Definitions
- Patent Document 1 JP Patent Publication 2008-045769 discloses a method for filling the air conditioner with carbon dioxide refrigerant, with the aim of making the installation process more efficient.
- the heat source unit (outdoor unit) is pre-filled with refrigerant at the manufacturing factory, and then the heat source unit is connected to the utilization unit (indoor unit) at the installation site, allowing the refrigerant to be filled into the refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path may become supercritical due to an increase in the outside air temperature.
- the pressure increases rapidly, which may cause pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path.
- This disclosure proposes a heat source unit for an air conditioning system that suppresses the occurrence of pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path caused by the filled carbon dioxide refrigerant becoming supercritical.
- the heat source unit of the first aspect is connected to a utilization unit to constitute an air conditioning device.
- the heat source unit includes a compressor, a heat source heat exchanger, a first shut-off valve, a second shut-off valve, a refrigerant flow path, and a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flow path is a flow path in which the compressor, the heat source heat exchanger, the first shut-off valve, and the second shut-off valve are connected by refrigerant piping.
- the refrigerant is filled in the refrigerant flow path.
- the refrigerant is carbon dioxide.
- This heat source unit prevents pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path caused by the carbon dioxide refrigerant becoming supercritical.
- the heat source unit of the second aspect is the heat source unit of the first aspect, and the design pressure P is 10 MPa or more and 14 MPa or less.
- the heat source unit of the third aspect is the heat source unit of the first or second aspect, further comprising a refrigerant storage container for storing the refrigerant.
- the volume V3 (L) of the refrigerant storage container satisfies the following relationship. 0.4 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ V2
- the heat source unit can store refrigerant not only in the refrigerant flow path but also in the refrigerant storage container, ensuring sufficient volume V2 and effectively suppressing pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path.
- the heat source unit of the fourth aspect is the heat source unit of any one of the first aspect to the third aspect, further comprising a flow path switching mechanism and a refrigerant storage container.
- the flow path switching mechanism switches the direction in which the refrigerant flows in the refrigerant flow path.
- the refrigerant storage container is a container that stores the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant storage container can not only store the filled refrigerant, but also store excess refrigerant that occurs due to fluctuations in operating load between cooling and heating operations.
- the air conditioning apparatus of the fifth aspect includes a heat source unit of any one of the first aspect to the fourth aspect, and a utilization unit.
- the utilization unit is connected to the heat source unit via a connection pipe.
- the connection pipe has a length that is changed according to the installation positions of the heat source unit and the utilization unit, and has a first length that does not require additional charging of refrigerant into the refrigerant circuit formed by connecting the heat source unit and the utilization unit via the connection pipe.
- the heat source unit is filled with an amount of refrigerant corresponding to the amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit when the connection pipe is at the first length.
- the air conditioning apparatus of the sixth aspect includes a heat source unit of any one of the first to fourth aspects and a utilization unit.
- the utilization unit is connected to the heat source unit via a connection pipe.
- the length of the connection pipe is changed depending on the installation positions of the heat source unit and the utilization unit.
- the amount of refrigerant filled in the refrigerant flow path of the heat source unit is greater than the amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit formed by connecting the heat source unit and the utilization unit via the connection pipe when the connection pipe is shorter than a predetermined first length.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an air conditioning device 1 including a heat source unit 2 according to a first embodiment. This is a Mollier diagram of the R32. Mollier diagram of carbon dioxide.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of an air conditioning device 1a including a heat source unit 2a according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioning device 1 including a heat source unit 2 according to the first embodiment.
- the air conditioning device 1 performs a vapor compression refrigeration cycle operation and performs air conditioning operation (cooling operation and heating operation) in an air-conditioned space (not shown) such as a room.
- the air conditioning device 1 includes one heat source unit 2, one utilization unit 3, and a first connection pipe 6 and a second connection pipe 7 that connect the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3.
- the heat source unit 2, the utilization unit 3, and the connection pipes 6 and 7 that are connected to each other constitute a refrigerant circuit 10.
- the refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is carbon dioxide.
- the first connection pipe 6 and the second connection pipe 7 are also collectively referred to as the connection pipes 6 and 7.
- the refrigerant to be filled into the refrigerant circuit 10 is filled into the heat source unit 2 at a manufacturing plant or the like.
- the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 are connected via connection pipes 6 and 7, and the refrigerant filled into the heat source unit 2 is filled into the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the utilization unit 3 is installed in a space to be air-conditioned.
- the utilization unit 3 has a utilization-side refrigerant flow path 30 that constitutes a part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the utilization-side refrigerant flow path 30 includes a utilization-side heat exchanger 31.
- the user-side heat exchanger 31 exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing inside and the air in the space to be air-conditioned.
- One end of the user-side heat exchanger 31 is connected to the first connection pipe 6 via the refrigerant pipe 30a.
- the other end of the user-side heat exchanger 31 is connected to the second connection pipe 7 via the refrigerant pipe 30a.
- the heat source unit 2 is installed outside the space to be air-conditioned (outdoors, etc.).
- the heat source unit 2 has a heat source refrigerant flow path 20 that constitutes a part of the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 includes a compressor 21, a flow path switching mechanism 22, a heat source heat exchanger 23, a heat source expansion mechanism 24, a first shut-off valve 25, a second shut-off valve 26, and an accumulator 27.
- the compressor 21, the flow path switching mechanism 22, the heat source heat exchanger 23, the heat source expansion mechanism 24, the first shut-off valve 25, the second shut-off valve 26, and the accumulator 27 are connected to each other via a refrigerant pipe 20a.
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is an example of a refrigerant flow path.
- the compressor 21 draws in low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle from the suction pipe 21a, compresses the refrigerant with a compression mechanism (not shown), and discharges the compressed refrigerant as high-pressure refrigerant to the discharge pipe 21b.
- the heat source unit 2 has only one compressor 21, but the number of compressors 21 is not limited to one and may be multiple.
- the start, stop, and capacity control of the compressor 21 can be performed by a control unit (not shown).
- the flow path switching mechanism 22 switches the flow direction of the refrigerant, and changes the state of the refrigerant circuit 10 between a first state and a second state.
- the heat source heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant radiator
- the usage side heat exchanger 31 functions as a refrigerant evaporator.
- the heat source heat exchanger 23 functions as a refrigerant evaporator
- the usage side heat exchanger 31 functions as a refrigerant radiator.
- the state of the flow path switching mechanism 22 can be changed by a control unit (not shown).
- the flow path switching mechanism 22 is a four-way switching valve having four ports P1, P2, P3, and P4.
- Port P1 is connected to one end of the heat source heat exchanger 23.
- Port P2 is connected to the discharge pipe 21b of the compressor 21.
- Port P3 is connected to the accumulator 27.
- Port P4 is connected to the second stop valve 26. In the first state, port P1 communicates with port P2, and port P3 communicates with port P4. In the second state, port P1 communicates with port P3, and port P2 communicates with port P4.
- the flow path switching mechanism 22 is not limited to a four-way switching valve.
- the flow path switching mechanism 22 may be configured by combining multiple solenoid valves and refrigerant pipes so as to achieve switching of the flow direction of the refrigerant as described above.
- the heat source heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing therein and the air (heat source air) at the installation location of the heat source unit 2.
- One end of the heat source heat exchanger 23 is connected to the port P1 of the flow path switching mechanism 22.
- the other end of the heat source heat exchanger 23 is connected to the heat source expansion mechanism 24.
- the opening degree of the heat source expansion mechanism 24 is controlled to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant.
- One end of the heat source expansion mechanism 24 is connected to the heat source heat exchanger 23.
- the other end of the heat source expansion mechanism 24 is connected to a first shutoff valve 25.
- the opening degree of the heat source expansion mechanism 24 can be controlled by a control unit (not shown).
- the first shut-off valve 25 is a valve provided at the connection between the heat-source refrigerant flow path 20 and the first connecting pipe 6. When the first shut-off valve 25 is closed, the flow of refrigerant between the heat-source refrigerant flow path 20 and the first connecting pipe 6 is restricted.
- the first shut-off valve 25 is, for example, a valve that is manually operated.
- the first shut-off valve 25 is a three-way valve equipped with a service port that can communicate with the outside of the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the second shut-off valve 26 is a valve provided at the connection between the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and the second connecting pipe 7. When the second shut-off valve 26 is closed, the flow of refrigerant between the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and the second connecting pipe 7 is restricted.
- the second shut-off valve 26 is, for example, a valve that is manually operated.
- the second shut-off valve 26 is a three-way valve equipped with a service port that can communicate with the outside of the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the first shut-off valve 25 and the second shut-off valve 26 are closed when shipped from the manufacturing factory, and are opened when the installation work of the air conditioning device 1 is completed. After the installation work is completed, the first shut-off valve 25 and the second shut-off valve 26 are usually maintained in the open state.
- the accumulator 27 is a container that accumulates excess refrigerant generated in the refrigerant circuit 10 in response to fluctuations in the operating load of the utilization unit 3, etc.
- the accumulator 27 is provided between the port P3 of the flow path switching mechanism 22 and the suction pipe 21a of the compressor 21.
- the accumulator 27 is an example of a refrigerant storage container.
- the heat source unit 2 is in a standalone state, not connected to any of the utilization units 3 or the connection pipes 6 and 7, and refrigerant is charged into the heat source refrigerant flow path 20.
- the amount of refrigerant charged into the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is an amount that, when charged into the refrigerant circuit 10, allows the air conditioning device 1 to perform a refrigeration cycle operation with the required capacity.
- the charge amount V1 (kg) of refrigerant charged into the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 satisfies the following relationship (Equation 1) between the volume V2 (L) of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and the design pressure P (MPa) of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20.
- the volume V2 of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is the volume of the space in which the compressor 21, flow path switching mechanism 22, heat source heat exchanger 23, heat source expansion mechanism 24, first shut-off valve 25, second shut-off valve 26, and accumulator 27 are connected to each other using refrigerant piping 20a, and is closed from the outside by the first shut-off valve 25 and the second shut-off valve 26.
- the design pressure P (MPa) of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is 10 MPa or more and 14 MPa or less.
- volume V3(L) of the accumulator 27 and the volume V2(L) of the heat-source refrigerant passage 20 may satisfy the relationship of the following equation (2).
- Equation 2 0.4 ⁇ V2 ⁇ V3 ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ V2
- the refrigerant is typically charged into the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 at the manufacturing factory of the heat source unit 2. After the refrigerant is charged, the first shutoff valve 25 and the second shutoff valve are closed, thereby preventing the refrigerant from leaking from the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 after the heat source unit 2 is shipped from the manufacturing factory and before the air conditioning device 1 is installed.
- connection pipes 6, 7 are communication pipes that connect the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and the utilization side refrigerant flow path 30 (in other words, the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3).
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20, the utilization side refrigerant flow path 30, the first connection pipe 6, and the second connection pipe 7 are connected to each other to form a refrigerant circuit 10.
- connection pipes 6 and 7 can be changed arbitrarily depending on factors such as the distance between the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3, with a maximum length of approximately 100 m.
- Cooling Operation During cooling operation, the flow path switching mechanism 22 is controlled to the first state. Also, the opening degree of the heat source expansion mechanism 24 is controlled in accordance with the load of the utilization side heat exchanger 31.
- the low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is sucked in through the intake pipe 21a of the compressor 21, compressed, and discharged from the discharge pipe 21b as high-pressure refrigerant.
- the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is sent to the heat source heat exchanger 23 via the flow path switching mechanism 22, and is cooled by heat exchange with the heat source air.
- the heat source heat exchanger 23 functions as a radiator.
- the high-pressure refrigerant cooled in the heat source heat exchanger 23 is decompressed when passing through the heat source expansion mechanism 24 and becomes a low-pressure refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the low-pressure refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state is sent to the utilization unit 3 via the first shutoff valve 25 and the first connection pipe 6.
- the refrigerant sent to the utilization unit 3 is heated by heat exchange with the air in the space to be air-conditioned in the utilization side heat exchanger 31, and as a result, evaporates and becomes a low-pressure refrigerant.
- the utilization side heat exchanger 31 functions as an evaporator.
- the low-pressure refrigerant heated in the user-side heat exchanger 31 is sent to the heat source unit 2 via the second connection pipe 7, and flows into the accumulator 27 via the second shutoff valve 26 and the flow path switching mechanism 22.
- the low-pressure refrigerant that flows into the accumulator 27 is again sucked into the compressor 21.
- (3-2) Heating Operation During heating operation, the flow path switching mechanism 22 is controlled to the second state. Also, the heat source expansion mechanism 24 is controlled to an opening degree that can reduce the pressure to a level at which the refrigerant can be evaporated in the heat source heat exchanger 23.
- the low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is sucked in through the suction pipe 21a of the compressor 21, compressed, and discharged from the discharge pipe 21b as high-pressure refrigerant.
- the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is sent to the utilization unit 3 via the flow path switching mechanism 22, the second shutoff valve 26, and the second connection pipe 7.
- the high-pressure refrigerant sent to the utilization unit 3 is cooled in the utilization side heat exchanger 31 by heat exchange with the air in the space to be air-conditioned.
- the utilization side heat exchanger 31 functions as a radiator.
- the high-pressure refrigerant cooled in the utilization side heat exchanger 31 is sent to the heat source unit 2 via the first connection pipe 6.
- the refrigerant sent to the heat source unit 2 passes through the first shutoff valve 25, and is decompressed as it passes through the heat source expansion mechanism 24, becoming a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, which flows into the heat source heat exchanger 23.
- the low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that flows into the heat source heat exchanger 23 exchanges heat with the heat source air and is heated to evaporate and become a low-pressure refrigerant.
- the heat source heat exchanger 23 functions as an evaporator.
- the low-pressure refrigerant heated by the heat source heat exchanger 23 flows into the accumulator 27 via the flow path switching mechanism 22.
- the low-pressure refrigerant that flows into the accumulator 27 is sucked back into the compressor 21.
- the installation work of the air conditioning device 1 includes the steps of installing the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 at the installation location, and connecting the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and the utilization side refrigerant flow path 30 via the connection pipes 6 and 7.
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 of the heat source unit 2 is filled with refrigerant, and the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and the utilization side refrigerant flow path 30 are connected via the connection pipes 6 and 7, so that the refrigerant filled in the heat source unit 2 is sent to the utilization unit 3 through the connection pipes 6 and 7, thereby filling the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and the utilization side refrigerant flow path 30 are connected via the connection pipes 6 and 7, so that the refrigerant is filled in the refrigerant circuit 10, and there is no need to fill the refrigerant circuit 10 with refrigerant from the outside. Therefore, the installation work can be carried out efficiently with the air conditioning device 1 equipped with the heat source unit 2.
- the heat source unit 2 is connected to the utilization unit 3 to constitute the air conditioning device 1.
- the heat source unit 2 includes a compressor 21, a heat source heat exchanger 23, a first shut-off valve 25, a second shut-off valve 26, a heat source refrigerant flow path 20, and a refrigerant.
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is a flow path in which the compressor 21, the heat source heat exchanger 23, the first shut-off valve 25, and the second shut-off valve 26 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 20a.
- the refrigerant is filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20.
- the refrigerant is carbon dioxide.
- FIG. 1 is the Mollier diagram of R32.
- Figure 3 is the Mollier diagram of carbon dioxide.
- R32 in a two-phase gas-liquid state can maintain this state even at 70°C, the upper limit of the refrigerant temperature that is normally expected for a heat source unit when not in operation, due to factors such as the outside air temperature and direct sunlight, and the pressure at this time is approximately 5.0 MPa.
- carbon dioxide in a gas-liquid two-phase state becomes supercritical when it exceeds a critical point CP (critical temperature: about 31.1° C., critical pressure: about 7.38 MPa).
- critical point CP critical temperature: about 31.1° C.
- critical pressure about 7.38 MPa
- the pressure of about 9 MPa (Pr1) at 40° C. rises sharply to about 14.9 MPa (Pr2) at 70° C., which is the upper limit of the refrigerant temperature that is normally increased by the outside air temperature or direct sunlight.
- the relationship between the refrigerant filling amount V1 and the volume V2 of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is set based on (Equation 1) obtained from the characteristics between the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide refrigerant and the expected refrigerant temperature range.
- the expected refrigerant temperature range is 50°C or higher and 70°C or lower.
- 50°C is the temperature expected in the summer, etc., in a warehouse or other location where the heat source unit 2 is stored (for example, the temperature inside the warehouse).
- 70°C is the upper limit of the refrigerant temperature that can rise due to the outside air temperature, direct sunlight, etc., in the warehouse or other location where the heat source unit 2 is stored.
- Equation 1 (2) calculates the specific volume at which each part constituting the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 at the design pressure P is prevented from being damaged by a pressure rise when the refrigerant temperature is 50°C.
- Equation 1 (3) calculates the specific volume that prevents the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 from becoming larger than necessary when the refrigerant temperature is 70°C and the design pressure P is the design pressure P.
- the volume V2 of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is set to be equal to or greater than the volume V1 x a calculated on the left side of equation 1 (1) and equal to or less than the volume V1 x b calculated on the right side of equation 1 (1), thereby preventing the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 from becoming too large while preventing pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path caused by the carbon dioxide refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 becoming supercritical.
- the heat source unit 2 prevents the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 from becoming too large, while also preventing the occurrence of pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path caused by the carbon dioxide refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 becoming supercritical.
- the design pressure P is equal to or greater than 10 MPa and equal to or less than 14 MPa.
- the point calculated by (2) of formula 1 becomes the first point Pa in FIG. 3, and the point calculated by (3) of formula 1 becomes the second point Pb in FIG. 3. Furthermore, when the refrigerant pressure becomes 10 MPa, the point calculated by (2) of formula 1 becomes the third point Pc in FIG. 3, and the point calculated by (3) of formula 1 becomes the fourth point Pd in FIG. 3. And, since the volume V2 of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 satisfies (1) of formula 1, the refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is included in the range indicated by the diagonal hatching in FIG. 3.
- the heat source unit 2 can store refrigerant not only in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 but also in the accumulator 27, so that the volume V2 is sufficiently secured and pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path can be effectively suppressed.
- the heat source unit 2 further includes a flow path switching mechanism 22 that switches the direction in which the refrigerant flows in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20, and an accumulator 27 that stores the refrigerant.
- the accumulator 27 can not only store the filled refrigerant, but also store excess refrigerant that occurs due to fluctuations in the operating load between cooling and heating operations.
- the air conditioner 1 may be a multi-type air conditioner configured with one heat source unit 2 and a plurality of utilization units 3.
- the air conditioning apparatus 1 may not have the flow path switching mechanism 22 and may be capable of executing only one of the cooling operation and the heating operation as the air conditioning operation.
- the installation work of the air conditioning apparatus 1 may further include a step of additionally charging the refrigerant after the step of connecting the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 via the connection pipes 6 and 7.
- the additional charging step of the refrigerant is performed when the length of the connection pipes 6 and 7 used to connect the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 is equal to or longer than a predetermined first length L1.
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 of the heat source unit 2 is filled with an amount of refrigerant that allows the air conditioning device 1 to perform a refrigeration cycle operation with the required capacity by filling the refrigerant circuit 10 (hereinafter also referred to as the required refrigerant amount).
- the required refrigerant amount the required capacity by filling the refrigerant circuit 10
- the capacity of the refrigerant circuit 10 becomes larger than initially expected, and the refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 of the heat source unit 2 may be insufficient for the required refrigerant amount.
- the maximum length at which the refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 does not fall below the required refrigerant amount is preset as the first length L1.
- the length of the connection pipes 6 and 7 is changed depending on the installation positions of the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3.
- the connection pipes 6 and 7 have a first length L1 as one of the length variations, which does not require additional charging of refrigerant into the refrigerant circuit 10 formed by connecting the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 via the connection pipes 6 and 7.
- the heat source unit 2 is filled with an amount of refrigerant corresponding to the amount of refrigerant required in the refrigerant circuit 10 when the connection pipes 6 and 7 have the first length L1.
- the refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is greater than the required amount of refrigerant, so no additional refrigerant filling process is required. Therefore, the additional refrigerant filling process is not performed, and the installation work is completed after the process of connecting the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 via the connecting pipes 6, 7 is performed.
- the amount of refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 of the heat source unit 2 is greater than the required amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 formed by connecting the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 via the connecting pipes 6, 7 when the connecting pipes 6, 7 are shorter than the first length L1.
- the length of the connecting pipes 6, 7 is equal to or greater than the first length L1
- the amount of refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 is insufficient to meet the required amount of refrigerant, and an additional refrigerant filling process is therefore required. Therefore, an additional refrigerant filling process is carried out, and an amount of refrigerant according to the length of the connecting pipes 6, 7 is additionally filled into the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the refrigerant is additionally filled, for example, from the service port of the first shut-off valve 25 or the second shut-off valve 26.
- the first length L1 is, for example, about 15 m. If the air conditioning device 1 is a multi-type air conditioning device equipped with one heat source unit 2 and multiple utilization units 3, the first length L1 is, for example, about 30 m to 70 m.
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 of the heat source unit 2 may further include a receiver that stores surplus refrigerant.
- V3 includes the volume of the receiver in addition to the volume of the accumulator 27.
- Second Embodiment (1) Overall Configuration
- the heat source unit 2a according to the second embodiment will be described, focusing on the differences from the heat source unit 2.
- the heat source unit 2a is connected to one or more utilization units 3 using a first connection pipe 6 and a second connection pipe 7 to constitute an air conditioning device 1a.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioning device 1a equipped with a heat source unit 2a according to the second embodiment.
- the refrigerant amount adjustment unit 28 stores the refrigerant filled during the installation work of the air conditioning device 1a, and also stores excess refrigerant generated in the refrigerant circuit 10 depending on fluctuations in the operating load of the utilization unit 3, etc.
- the refrigerant amount adjustment unit 28 is included in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 of the heat source unit 2a. As a result, in the heat source unit 2a, more refrigerant is filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 than in the heat source unit 2.
- the refrigerant amount adjustment unit 28 has a refrigerant storage container 28a, a pressure adjustment valve 28b, a check valve 28c, a solenoid valve 28d, and an expansion mechanism 28e.
- the refrigerant storage container 28a is a container (tank) that stores at least a portion of the refrigerant filled in the heat-source refrigerant flow path 20 and also stores excess refrigerant generated in the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the refrigerant storage container 28a has a first port 28aa and a second port 28ab.
- the refrigerant storage container 28a is an example of a refrigerant storage container.
- the first port 28aa is a port provided to adjust the pressure inside the refrigerant storage container 28a.
- the first port 28aa is connected to the refrigerant pipe 20a that connects the port P3 of the flow path switching mechanism 22 to the accumulator 27 and to the discharge pipe 21b of the compressor 21 via the pressure adjustment pipe 20b.
- the second port 28ab is a port through which the refrigerant flows.
- the second port 28ab is connected to the suction pipe 21a of the compressor 21 via the refrigerant piping 20a.
- the pressure regulating valve 28b is a valve that prevents the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant storage container 28a from becoming too high.
- the pressure regulating valve 28b is provided in a pressure regulating pipe 20b that is connected to the refrigerant pipe 20a that connects the port P3 of the flow path switching mechanism 22 and the accumulator 27.
- the pressure regulating valve 28b opens when the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant storage container 28a reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, and releases the high-pressure refrigerant to the accumulator 27.
- the check valve 28c and the solenoid valve 28d are valves used when increasing the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant storage container 28a.
- the check valve 28c and the solenoid valve 28d are provided in the pressure adjustment pipe 20b connected to the discharge pipe 21b of the compressor 21.
- the solenoid valve 28d opens during operation of the compressor 21, the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is sent to the refrigerant storage container 28a.
- the solenoid valve 28d is typically opened when the refrigerant in the refrigerant storage container 28a is filled into the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the check valve 28c prevents the refrigerant from flowing from the refrigerant storage container 28a to the discharge pipe 21b of the compressor 21.
- the solenoid valve 28d can be opened and closed by a control unit (not shown).
- the check valve 28c and the solenoid valve 28d may be flow rate adjustment mechanisms including motor-operated valves.
- the expansion mechanism 28e adjusts the flow rate and decompresses the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 20a that connects the suction pipe 21a of the compressor 21 and the refrigerant storage container 28a.
- the opening degree of the expansion mechanism 28e can be controlled by a control unit (not shown).
- the charge amount V1 (kg) of refrigerant charged into the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 satisfies the relationship of the above-mentioned (Equation 1) between the volume V2 (L) of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 and the design pressure P (MPa) of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20.
- V3 includes the volume of the refrigerant storage container 28a in addition to the volume of the accumulator 27.
- V3(L) satisfies the relationship of the above-mentioned (Equation 2) with the volume V2(L) of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20.
- the expansion mechanism 28e and the solenoid valve 28d are controlled to be fully open or nearly fully open when refrigerant is supplied.
- the expansion mechanism 28e and the solenoid valve 28d are controlled to be fully closed or nearly fully closed. In this way, the necessary refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerant circuit 10 of the air conditioner 1a. Furthermore, of the refrigerant that was previously filled in the refrigerant storage container 28a, any surplus refrigerant is stored in the refrigerant storage container 28a without being supplied to the refrigerant circuit 10.
- each other part of air conditioner 1a during air conditioning operation is the same as that of air conditioner 1, so a description will be omitted.
- the installation work of the air conditioning unit 1a includes, in addition to the process of installing the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 at the installation location and the process of connecting the heat source unit 2 and the utilization unit 3 via the connecting pipes 6, 7, a process of sending the refrigerant stored in the refrigerant storage container 28a to the refrigerant circuit 10.
- the openings of the heat source expansion mechanism 24, the solenoid valve 28d, and the expansion mechanism 28e are controlled to be fully open or nearly fully open.
- the compressor 21 starts, the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 passes through the first port 28aa and pushes the refrigerant stored in the refrigerant storage container 28a out of the second port 28ab.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the expansion mechanism 28e is sucked through the suction pipe 21a of the compressor 21, filling the refrigerant circuit 10. This process ends when the compressor 21 stops.
- the heat source unit 2a further includes a refrigerant amount adjustment section 28, so more refrigerant is filled into the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 compared to the heat source unit 2. Therefore, according to the air conditioning device 1a equipped with the heat source unit 2a, even when multiple utilization units 3 are provided, the heat source unit 2a can store a sufficient amount of the required refrigerant in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20.
- the heat source unit 2a is connected to the utilization unit 3 to constitute the air conditioning device 1a.
- the heat source unit 2a includes a compressor 21, a heat source heat exchanger 23, a first shut-off valve 25, a second shut-off valve 26, a heat source refrigerant flow path 20, and a refrigerant.
- the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 of the heat source unit 2a is a flow path in which the compressor 21, the heat source heat exchanger 23, the first shut-off valve 25, the second shut-off valve 26, and the refrigerant amount adjustment unit 28 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 20a.
- the refrigerant is filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20.
- the refrigerant is carbon dioxide.
- the amount V1 (kg) of refrigerant filled in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20, the volume V2 (L) of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20, and the design pressure P (MPa) of the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 satisfy the relationship of the above-mentioned (Equation 1).
- the heat source unit 2a also prevents the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 from becoming too large, while also preventing the occurrence of pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path caused by the filled carbon dioxide refrigerant becoming supercritical.
- volume V3(L) of the accumulator 27 and the refrigerant storage container 28a and the volume V2(L) of the heat-source refrigerant flow path 20 satisfy the relationship of the above-mentioned (Equation 3).
- the heat source unit 2a can store refrigerant not only in the heat source refrigerant flow path 20 but also in the accumulator 27 and the refrigerant storage container 28a, so that the volume V2 is sufficiently secured and pressure abnormalities in the refrigerant flow path can be effectively suppressed.
- the air conditioning device 1a and the heat source refrigerant passage 20 may also have the features of the above-described modifications A1 to A5.
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Abstract
Description
V1×a≦V2≦V1×b
a=0.078×P2-2.111×P+15.771
b=0.055×P2-1.768×P+16.144
0.4×V2≦V3<0.9×V2
(1)全体構成
図1は、第1実施形態に係る熱源ユニット2を備える空気調和装置1の概略構成図である。空気調和装置1は、蒸気圧縮式の冷凍サイクル運転を行い、室内等の空調対象空間(図示省略)における空調運転(冷房運転及び暖房運転)を実行する。空気調和装置1は、1台の熱源ユニット2と、1台の利用ユニット3と、熱源ユニット2及び利用ユニット3を接続する第1接続配管6及び第2接続配管7とを備える。互いに接続された熱源ユニット2と、利用ユニット3と、接続配管6、7とは、冷媒回路10を構成する。冷媒回路10に充填された冷媒は、二酸化炭素である。なお、以下では、第1接続配管6及び第2接続配管7をまとめて接続配管6、7とも呼ぶ。
(2-1)利用ユニット
利用ユニット3は、空調対象空間に設置される。利用ユニット3は、冷媒回路10の一部を構成する利用側冷媒流路30を有する。利用側冷媒流路30は、利用側熱交換器31を含む。
利用側熱交換器31は、内部を流れる冷媒と、空調対象空間の空気との間で熱交換を行わせる。利用側熱交換器31の一端は、冷媒配管30aを介して第1接続配管6に接続される。利用側熱交換器31の他端は、冷媒配管30aを介して第2接続配管7に接続される。
熱源ユニット2は、空調対象空間の外(屋外等)に設置される。熱源ユニット2は、冷媒回路10の一部を構成する熱源冷媒流路20を有する。熱源冷媒流路20は、圧縮機21と、流路切換機構22と、熱源熱交換器23と、熱源膨張機構24と、第1閉鎖弁25と、第2閉鎖弁26と、アキュムレータ27とを含む。圧縮機21と、流路切換機構22と、熱源熱交換器23と、熱源膨張機構24と、第1閉鎖弁25と、第2閉鎖弁26と、アキュムレータ27とは、互いに冷媒配管20aを介して接続されている。熱源冷媒流路20は、冷媒流路の一例である。
圧縮機21は、吸入管21aから冷凍サイクルにおける低圧の冷媒を吸入し圧縮機構(図示省略)で冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮した冷媒を高圧の冷媒として吐出管21bへと吐出する。本実施形態では、熱源ユニット2は、圧縮機21を1台だけ有するが、圧縮機21の台数は1台に限定されず、複数であってもよい。圧縮機21の起動、停止、及び容量の制御は、図示しない制御部が行うことができる。
流路切換機構22は、冷媒の流れ方向を切り換え、冷媒回路10の状態を第1状態と第2状態との間で変更する。冷媒回路10が第1状態にある時には、熱源熱交換器23が冷媒の放熱器として機能し、利用側熱交換器31が冷媒の蒸発器として機能する。冷媒回路10が第2状態にあるときには、熱源熱交換器23が冷媒の蒸発器として機能し、利用側熱交換器31が冷媒の放熱器として機能する。流路切換機構22の状態の変更は、図示しない制御部が行うことができる。
熱源熱交換器23は、内部を流れる冷媒と熱源ユニット2の設置場所の空気(熱源空気)との間で熱交換を行わせる。熱源熱交換器23の一端は、流路切換機構22のポートP1に接続されている。熱源熱交換器23の他端は、熱源膨張機構24に接続されている。
熱源膨張機構24は、開度が制御されることで、熱源冷媒流路20を流れる冷媒の流量の調節及び冷媒の減圧を行う。熱源膨張機構24の一端は、熱源熱交換器23に接続されている。熱源膨張機構24の他端は、第1閉鎖弁25に接続されている。熱源膨張機構24の開度は、図示しない制御部が制御できる。
第1閉鎖弁25は、熱源冷媒流路20と第1接続配管6との接続部に設けられた弁である。第1閉鎖弁25が閉じられることで、熱源冷媒流路20と第1接続配管6との間での冷媒の流通が規制される。第1閉鎖弁25は、例えば、手動で操作される弁である。本実施形態では、第1閉鎖弁25は、冷媒回路10の外部と連通可能なサービスポートを備えた3方弁である。
アキュムレータ27は、利用ユニット3の運転負荷の変動等に応じて冷媒回路10内に発生する余剰冷媒を溜める容器である。流路切換機構22のポートP3と圧縮機21の吸入管21aとの間に設けられている。アキュムレータ27は、冷媒貯留容器の一例である。
熱源ユニット2は、利用ユニット3及び接続配管6、7のいずれにも接続されていない単体の状態で、冷媒が熱源冷媒流路20に充填されている。熱源冷媒流路20に充填される冷媒の量は、冷媒回路10に充填されることで空気調和装置1が必要な能力の冷凍サイクル運転を実行できる量である。より詳細には、熱源冷媒流路20に充填されている冷媒の充填量V1(kg)は、熱源冷媒流路20の容積V2(L)、熱源冷媒流路20の設計圧力P(MPa)との間で、次の(数1)の関係を満たす。
(数1)
V1×a≦V2≦V1×b ・・・(1)
a=0.078×P2-2.111×P+15.771 ・・・(2)
b=0.055×P2-1.768×P+16.144 ・・・(3)
(数2)
0.4×V2≦V3<0.9×V2
接続配管6、7は、熱源冷媒流路20及び利用側冷媒流路30(言い換えると、熱源ユニット2及び利用ユニット3)を接続する連絡管である。熱源冷媒流路20と、利用側冷媒流路30と、第1接続配管6と、第2接続配管7とが接続されることにより、冷媒回路10が構成される。
次に、空調運転における空気調和装置1の各部の動作について説明する。
冷房運転時では、流路切換機構22は、第1状態に制御される。また、熱源膨張機構24は、利用側熱交換器31の負荷に応じて開度が制御される。
暖房運転時では、流路切換機構22は、第2状態に制御される。また、熱源膨張機構24は、冷媒を熱源熱交換器23において蒸発させることが可能な圧力まで減圧できる開度に制御される。
次に、空気調和装置1の設置作業における冷媒回路10への冷媒の充填方法について説明する。
(5-1)
熱源ユニット2は、利用ユニット3に接続され空気調和装置1を構成する。熱源ユニット2は、圧縮機21と、熱源熱交換器23と、第1閉鎖弁25と、第2閉鎖弁26と、熱源冷媒流路20と、冷媒とを備える。熱源冷媒流路20は、圧縮機21、熱源熱交換器23、第1閉鎖弁25、及び第2閉鎖弁26が冷媒配管20aで接続された流路である。冷媒は、熱源冷媒流路20に充填される。冷媒は、二酸化炭素である。
(数1)
V1×a≦V2≦V1×b ・・・(1)
a=0.078×P2-2.111×P+15.771 ・・・(2)
b=0.055×P2-1.768×P+16.144 ・・・(3)
設計圧力Pは、10MPa以上14MPa以下である。
アキュムレータ27の容積V3(L)は、熱源冷媒流路20の容積V2(L)との間で、次の(数2)の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
(数2)
0.4×V2≦V3<0.9×V2
熱源ユニット2は、熱源冷媒流路20において冷媒が流れる方向を切り換える流路切換機構22と、冷媒を貯留するアキュムレータ27とをさらに備える。
(6-1)変形例A1
空気調和装置1は、1台の熱源ユニット2と、複数台の利用ユニット3とにより構成されるマルチタイプの空気調和装置であってもよい。
空気調和装置1は、流路切換機構22を有さず、空調運転として冷房運転及び暖房運転のいずれかのみを実行可能であってもよい。
空気調和装置1の設置作業は、接続配管6、7を介して熱源ユニット2及び利用ユニット3が接続される工程の後に、冷媒の追加充填工程をさらに有してもよい。冷媒の追加充填工程は、熱源ユニット2及び利用ユニット3の接続に用いられる接続配管6、7の長さが所定の第1長さL1以上である場合に行われる。
熱源ユニット2の熱源冷媒流路20は、余剰冷媒を貯留するレシーバをさらに有してもよい。この場合、V3は、アキュムレータ27の容積に加えてレシーバの容積も含む。
(1)全体構成
第2実施形態に係る熱源ユニット2aについて熱源ユニット2との相違点を中心に説明する。熱源ユニット2aも、熱源ユニット2と同様に、第1接続配管6及び第2接続配管7を用いて1台以上の利用ユニット3に接続され空気調和装置1aを構成する。以下では、第1実施形態と同じ又は対応する特徴については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する図4は、第2実施形態に係る熱源ユニット2aを備える空気調和装置1aの概略構成図である。
(2-1)冷媒貯留容器
冷媒貯留容器28aは、熱源冷媒流路20に充填される冷媒の少なくとも一部を貯留するとともに、冷媒回路10内に発生する余剰冷媒を溜める容器(タンク)である。冷媒貯留容器28aは、第1ポート28aaと、第2ポート28abとを有する。冷媒貯留容器28aは、冷媒貯留容器の一例である。
圧力調整弁28bは、冷媒貯留容器28a内の冷媒の圧力が高くなり過ぎることを抑制する弁である。圧力調整弁28bは、流路切換機構22のポートP3とアキュムレータ27と接続する冷媒配管20aに接続された圧力調整用配管20bに設けられる。圧力調整弁28bは、冷媒貯留容器28a内の冷媒の圧力が所定の値以上となると開き、高圧の冷媒をアキュムレータ27へ逃がす。
逆止弁28c及び電磁弁28dは、冷媒貯留容器28a内の冷媒の圧力を増加させる際に用いられる弁である。逆止弁28c及び電磁弁28dは、圧縮機21の吐出管21bに接続された圧力調整用配管20bに設けられる。圧縮機21の運転中に電磁弁28dが開くと、圧縮機21から吐出された高圧の冷媒が冷媒貯留容器28aに送られる。電磁弁28dは、典型的には、冷媒貯留容器28aの冷媒を冷媒回路10に充填する際に開かれる。逆止弁28cは、冷媒貯留容器28aから圧縮機21の吐出管21bへ冷媒が流れることを抑制する。電磁弁28dの開閉は、図示しない制御部が行うことができる。なお、逆止弁28c及び電磁弁28dは電動弁を含む流量調整機構であってもよい。
膨張機構28eは、圧縮機21の吸入管21aと冷媒貯留容器28aとの間を接続する冷媒配管20aを流れる冷媒の流量の調節及び冷媒の減圧を行う。膨張機構28eの開度は、図示しない制御部が行うことができる。
熱源ユニット2aも、熱源ユニット2と同様に、利用ユニット3及び接続配管6、7のいずれにも接続されていない単体の状態で、冷媒が熱源冷媒流路20に充填されている。熱源冷媒流路20に充填される冷媒の量は、冷媒回路10に充填されることで空気調和装置1aが必要な能力の冷凍サイクル運転を実行できる量である。この際、熱源冷媒流路20に充填されている冷媒の充填量V1(kg)は、熱源冷媒流路20の容積V2(L)、熱源冷媒流路20の設計圧力P(MPa)との間で、上述した(数1)の関係を満たす。
冷房運転及び暖房運転のいずれにおいても、膨張機構28eと電磁弁28dは、冷媒供給時は全開又は全開近くまで開度が制御される。膨張機構28eと電磁弁28dは、冷媒供給が終わると全閉又は全閉近くまで開度が制御される。これにより、空気調和装置1aの冷媒回路10内に必要な冷媒が供給される。また、冷媒貯留容器28aにあらかじめ充填されていた冷媒の内、余剰となる冷媒は、冷媒回路10内に供給されることなく冷媒貯蔵容器28aに貯蓄される。
空気調和装置1aの設置作業は、熱源ユニット2及び利用ユニット3がそれぞれ設置場所に据え付けられる工程と、接続配管6、7を介して熱源ユニット2及び利用ユニット3が接続される工程とに加えて、冷媒貯留容器28aに貯留された冷媒が冷媒回路10に送り出される工程をさらに有する。
(5-1)
熱源ユニット2aは、利用ユニット3に接続され空気調和装置1aを構成する。熱源ユニット2aは、圧縮機21と、熱源熱交換器23と、第1閉鎖弁25と、第2閉鎖弁26と、熱源冷媒流路20と、冷媒とを備える。熱源ユニット2aの熱源冷媒流路20は、圧縮機21、熱源熱交換器23、第1閉鎖弁25、第2閉鎖弁26、及び、冷媒量調整部28が冷媒配管20aで接続された流路である。冷媒は、熱源冷媒流路20に充填される。冷媒は、二酸化炭素である。
アキュムレータ27及び冷媒貯留容器28aの容積V3(L)は、熱源冷媒流路20の容積V2(L)との間で、上述した(数3)の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
空気調和装置1a及び熱源冷媒流路20も、上述した変形例A1から変形例A5の特徴を有してもよい。
2、2a:熱源ユニット
3 :利用ユニット
6 :第1接続配管(接続配管)
7 :第2接続配管(接続配管)
10 :冷媒回路
20 :熱源冷媒流路(冷媒流路)
20a :冷媒配管
21 :圧縮機
22 :流路切換機構
23 :熱源熱交換器
25 :第1閉鎖弁
26 :第2閉鎖弁
27 :アキュムレータ(冷媒貯留容器)
28 :冷媒量調整部
28a :冷媒貯留容器
L1 :第1長さ
Claims (6)
- 利用ユニット(3)に接続され空気調和装置(1、1a)を構成する熱源ユニット(2、2a)であって、
圧縮機(21)と、
熱源熱交換器(23)と、
第1閉鎖弁(25)と、
第2閉鎖弁(26)と、
前記圧縮機、前記熱源熱交換器、前記第1閉鎖弁、及び前記第2閉鎖弁が冷媒配管で接続された冷媒流路(20)と、
前記冷媒流路に充填された冷媒と
を備え、
前記冷媒は、
二酸化炭素であって、
前記冷媒流路に充填されている前記冷媒の充填量V1(kg)、前記冷媒流路の容積V2(L)、前記冷媒流路の設計圧力P(MPa)は、
V1×a≦V2≦V1×b
a=0.078×P2-2.111×P+15.771
b=0.055×P2-1.768×P+16.144
の関係を満たす、
熱源ユニット。 - 前記設計圧力Pは、
10MPa以上14MPa以下である、
請求項1に記載の熱源ユニット。 - 前記冷媒を貯留する冷媒貯留容器(27、28a)をさらに備え、
前記冷媒貯留容器の容積V3(L)は、
0.4×V2≦V3<0.9×V2、
の関係を満たす、
請求項1又は2に記載の熱源ユニット。 - 前記冷媒流路において前記冷媒が流れる方向を切り換える流路切換機構(22)と、
前記冷媒を貯留する冷媒貯留容器(27、28a)と
をさらに備える、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の熱源ユニット。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の前記熱源ユニットと、
接続配管(6、7)を介して前記熱源ユニットに接続される前記利用ユニットと、
を備え、
前記接続配管は、
前記熱源ユニットと前記利用ユニットとの設置位置に応じて、長さを変更され、
前記熱源ユニット及び前記利用ユニットが前記接続配管を介して接続されることで形成される冷媒回路(10)への前記冷媒の追加充填が不要な第1長さ(L1)を有し、
前記熱源ユニットは、
前記接続配管が前記第1長さである場合の前記冷媒回路における必要冷媒量に応じた量の前記冷媒が充填されている、
空気調和装置。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の前記熱源ユニットと、
接続配管(6、7)を介して前記熱源ユニットに接続される前記利用ユニットと
を備え、
前記接続配管は、
前記熱源ユニットと前記利用ユニットとの設置位置に応じて、長さを変更され、
前記熱源ユニットの前記冷媒流路に充填されている冷媒の充填量は、
前記接続配管が所定の第1長さ(L1)よりも短い場合の、前記熱源ユニット及び前記利用ユニットが前記接続配管を介して接続されることで形成される冷媒回路(10)における必要冷媒量よりも多い、
空気調和装置。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23872363.9A EP4597005A4 (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2023-09-26 | HEAT SOURCE UNIT AND AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE |
| CN202380064962.0A CN119895213A (zh) | 2022-09-30 | 2023-09-26 | 热源单元以及空调装置 |
| US19/094,874 US20250224122A1 (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2025-03-29 | Heat source unit and air conditioner |
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| JP2022158181 | 2022-09-30 | ||
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| JP2022-181659 | 2022-11-14 |
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| WO2024071140A1 true WO2024071140A1 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
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| EP (1) | EP4597005A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2025010623A (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2024071140A1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001082814A (ja) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-30 | Denso Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置およびそれに用いるアキュムレータ |
| JP2008045769A (ja) | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-28 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 二酸化炭素を冷媒として用いる冷凍装置における冷媒充填方法 |
| JP2009139012A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍空調装置 |
| JP2009243882A (ja) * | 2009-07-31 | 2009-10-22 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 二酸化炭素を冷媒として用いる冷凍装置における冷媒充填方法 |
| WO2018062485A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷媒量の決定方法および冷媒量の決定装置 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004257610A (ja) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 冷媒サイクル装置の製造方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-09-26 WO PCT/JP2023/035004 patent/WO2024071140A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-26 CN CN202380064962.0A patent/CN119895213A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-26 EP EP23872363.9A patent/EP4597005A4/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-10-28 JP JP2024188909A patent/JP2025010623A/ja active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-03-29 US US19/094,874 patent/US20250224122A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001082814A (ja) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-30 | Denso Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置およびそれに用いるアキュムレータ |
| JP2008045769A (ja) | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-28 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 二酸化炭素を冷媒として用いる冷凍装置における冷媒充填方法 |
| JP2009139012A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍空調装置 |
| JP2009243882A (ja) * | 2009-07-31 | 2009-10-22 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 二酸化炭素を冷媒として用いる冷凍装置における冷媒充填方法 |
| WO2018062485A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷媒量の決定方法および冷媒量の決定装置 |
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| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4597005A4 |
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| JP2025010623A (ja) | 2025-01-22 |
| EP4597005A1 (en) | 2025-08-06 |
| CN119895213A (zh) | 2025-04-25 |
| EP4597005A4 (en) | 2026-01-14 |
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