WO2024070703A1 - ヒートポンプサイクル装置 - Google Patents
ヒートポンプサイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024070703A1 WO2024070703A1 PCT/JP2023/033393 JP2023033393W WO2024070703A1 WO 2024070703 A1 WO2024070703 A1 WO 2024070703A1 JP 2023033393 W JP2023033393 W JP 2023033393W WO 2024070703 A1 WO2024070703 A1 WO 2024070703A1
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- refrigerant
- section
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- hot gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0403—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0409—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a heat pump cycle device that uses heat generated by the compression work of a compressor to heat an object to be heated.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a heat pump cycle device that is applied to a vehicle air conditioning system and heats the air to be blown into the vehicle cabin.
- the heat pump cycle device of Patent Document 1 operates in hot gas heating mode when the operating conditions make it difficult to absorb heat from the outside air to heat the air to be blown, such as when the outside air temperature is low.
- the refrigerant circuit in hot gas heating mode, is switched to one in which a portion of the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor flows into the heating section.
- the high-pressure refrigerant is used as a heat source to heat the air to be blown.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the heating section and the remaining high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor are each decompressed in different decompression sections, mixed, and then switched to a refrigerant circuit in which they are sucked into the compressor.
- the heat generated by the compression work of the compressor is used to heat the ventilation air, which is the object to be heated, and to heat the interior of the vehicle, without using heat absorbed from the outside air.
- the present disclosure aims to provide a heat pump cycle device that heats an object to be heated using heat generated by the compression work of a compressor, and that is capable of exerting a sufficiently high heating capacity without increasing the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant.
- the heat pump cycle device of the first aspect of the present disclosure includes a compressor, an upstream branch section, a heating section, a high-stage pressure reduction section, a hot gas gas-liquid separation section, a low-stage pressure reduction section, a bypass passage, a bypass-side flow rate adjustment section, and a confluence section.
- the compressor compresses the low-pressure refrigerant drawn from the low-pressure suction port and discharges it from the discharge port, while merging the intermediate-pressure refrigerant drawn from the intermediate-pressure suction port with the low-pressure refrigerant in the compression process.
- the upstream branching section branches the flow of high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the discharge port.
- the heating section heats the object to be heated using one of the high-pressure refrigerants branched at the upstream branching section as a heat source.
- the high-stage pressure reduction section reduces the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the heating section.
- the hot gas gas-liquid separation section separates the gas and liquid of the refrigerant flowing out of the high-stage pressure reduction section.
- the low-stage pressure reduction section reduces the pressure of the liquid-phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separation section.
- the bypass passage leads the other high-pressure refrigerant branched at the upstream branching section to the low-pressure suction port.
- the bypass-side flow rate adjustment section adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the bypass passage.
- the merging section merges the flow of refrigerant flowing out of the bypass-side flow rate adjustment section and the flow of refrigerant flowing out of the low-stage pressure reduction section.
- the gas-phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separation section is guided to the intermediate pressure suction port side, and the refrigerant flowing out from the junction section is guided to the low pressure suction port side.
- the flow of refrigerant with a relatively high enthalpy flowing out from the bypass-side flow rate adjustment section and the flow of refrigerant with a relatively low enthalpy flowing out from the low-stage-side pressure reduction section are joined at the junction and directed to the low-pressure intake side of the compressor. This allows the refrigerant drawn into the low-pressure intake of the compressor to be maintained in an appropriate state, ensuring stable operation of the cycle.
- the object to be heated can be stably heated in the heating section using the heat generated by the compression work of the compressor, without using heat absorbed from the outside air.
- the gas-phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separation section is drawn into the intermediate pressure suction port, so the compression work of the compressor can be increased without increasing the pressure of the low pressure refrigerant. Therefore, the heating section can exert a sufficiently high heating capacity without increasing the pressure of the low pressure refrigerant.
- the heat pump cycle device of the second aspect of the present disclosure includes a compressor, an upstream branch section, a heating section, a downstream branch section, a high-stage pressure reduction section, an internal heat exchange section, a low-stage pressure reduction section, a bypass passage, a bypass-side flow rate adjustment section, and a confluence section.
- the compressor compresses the low-pressure refrigerant drawn in from the low-pressure suction port and discharges it from the discharge port, while merging the intermediate-pressure refrigerant drawn in from the intermediate-pressure suction port with the low-pressure refrigerant in the compression process.
- the upstream branching section branches the flow of high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the discharge port.
- the heating section heats an object to be heated using one of the high-pressure refrigerants branched at the upstream branching section as a heat source.
- the downstream branching section branches the flow of refrigerant flowing out from the heating section.
- the high-stage pressure reduction section reduces the pressure of one of the refrigerants branched at the downstream branching section.
- the internal heat exchange section exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing out from the high-stage pressure reduction section and the other refrigerant branched at the downstream branching section.
- the low-stage pressure reduction section reduces the pressure of the other refrigerant branched at the downstream branching section and flowing out from the internal heat exchange section.
- the bypass passage leads the other high-pressure refrigerant branched at the upstream branching section to the low-pressure suction port.
- the bypass flow rate adjustment section adjusts the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the bypass passage.
- the confluence section merges the flow of refrigerant flowing out from the bypass side flow rate adjustment section and the flow of refrigerant flowing out from the low stage side pressure reduction section.
- the refrigerant heated in the internal heat exchange section is directed to the intermediate pressure intake port, and the refrigerant flowing out from the junction section is directed to the low pressure intake port.
- the flow of refrigerant with a relatively high enthalpy flowing out from the bypass side flow rate adjustment section and the flow of refrigerant with a relatively low enthalpy flowing out from the low stage side pressure reduction section are joined at the junction and directed to the low pressure intake side of the compressor. Therefore, the refrigerant drawn into the low pressure intake of the compressor can be maintained in an appropriate state, allowing the cycle to operate stably.
- the object to be heated can be stably heated in the heating section using the heat generated by the compression work of the compressor, without using heat absorbed from the outside air.
- the refrigerant heated in the internal heat exchange section is drawn into the intermediate pressure suction port, so the compression work of the compressor can be increased without increasing the pressure of the low pressure refrigerant.
- the heating section can exert a sufficiently high heating capacity without increasing the pressure of the low pressure refrigerant.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an indoor air conditioning unit according to a first embodiment
- 2 is a block diagram showing an electric control unit of the vehicle air conditioner according to the first embodiment
- 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing a flow of a refrigerant in a cooling mode and a cooling/cooling mode of a vehicle air conditioner according to a first embodiment
- 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing a refrigerant flow and the like in an outside air heat absorption heating mode of a vehicle air conditioner according to a first embodiment
- 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing a refrigerant flow and the like in a single-stage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a Mollier diagram showing a change in the state of a refrigerant in a single-stage hot gas heating mode of the heat pump cycle of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing a refrigerant flow and the like in a multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a Mollier diagram showing a change in the state of a refrigerant in a multi-stage hot gas heating mode of the heat pump cycle of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing a refrigerant flow and the like in an inside air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a first embodiment
- 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing a refrigerant flow and the like in an equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a first embodiment
- 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing a refrigerant flow and the like in an outside air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in a single-stage outside-air heat absorption heating mode of a vehicle air conditioner according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an outside air heat absorption heating mode of a vehicle air conditioner according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an outside air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 13 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in a cooling mode and a cooling/cooling mode of a vehicle air conditioner according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an outside air heat absorption heating mode of a vehicle air conditioner according to a fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an outside air heat absorption heating mode of a vehicle air conditioner according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an outside air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system
- FIG. 13 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in a single-stage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in a multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning device according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a Mollier diagram showing changes in the state of a refrigerant in a multi-stage hot gas heating mode of the heat pump cycle of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an inside air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioner according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic overall configuration diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in an outside air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of a vehicle air conditioning system according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic overall configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner according to a fifth embodiment.
- the heat pump cycle device according to the present disclosure is applied to a vehicle air conditioner 1 mounted on an electric vehicle.
- An electric vehicle is a vehicle that obtains driving force for traveling from an electric motor.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 performs air conditioning of the vehicle cabin, which is the space to be air-conditioned, and also adjusts the temperature of on-board equipment. Therefore, the vehicle air conditioner 1 can be called an air conditioner with an on-board equipment temperature adjustment function, or an on-board equipment temperature adjustment device with an air conditioning function.
- the temperature of the on-board equipment is specifically adjusted to a battery 70.
- the battery 70 is a secondary battery that stores power to be supplied to multiple on-board devices that operate electrically.
- the battery 70 is an assembled battery formed by electrically connecting multiple stacked battery cells in series or parallel.
- the battery cells are lithium-ion batteries.
- the battery 70 is a heat-generating device that generates heat during operation (i.e., during charging and discharging).
- the temperature of the battery 70 is low, the output of the battery 70 is likely to decrease, and when the temperature is high, the battery 70 is likely to deteriorate. For this reason, the temperature of the battery 70 needs to be maintained within an appropriate temperature range (in this embodiment, 15°C or higher and 55°C or lower). Therefore, in the electric vehicle of this embodiment, the temperature of the battery 70 is adjusted using the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 is configured to be able to switch between various operating modes in order to condition the air in the vehicle cabin and adjust the temperature of the battery 70. As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the vehicle air conditioner 1 includes a heat pump cycle 10, a high-temperature heat medium circuit 30, a low-temperature heat medium circuit 40, an interior air conditioning unit 50, and a control device 60.
- the heat pump cycle 10 forms a vapor compression refrigeration cycle that adjusts the temperature of the blown air blown into the vehicle cabin, the high-temperature heat medium circulating through the high-temperature heat medium circuit 30, and the low-temperature heat medium circulating through the low-temperature heat medium circuit 40.
- the heat pump cycle 10 is configured to be able to switch the circuit configuration of the refrigerant circuit depending on the operating mode of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the heat pump cycle 10 uses an HFO refrigerant (specifically, R1234yf) as the refrigerant.
- the heat pump cycle 10 constitutes a subcritical refrigeration cycle in which the pressure of the high-pressure side refrigerant does not exceed the critical pressure of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is mixed with refrigeration oil to lubricate the compressor 11.
- PAG oil which is compatible with liquid-phase refrigerants, is used as the refrigeration oil.
- a portion of the refrigeration oil circulates through the heat pump cycle 10 together with the refrigerant.
- the compressor 11 draws in, compresses, and discharges the refrigerant.
- the compressor 11 is a two-stage boost type electric compressor that rotates a low-stage compression mechanism and a high-stage compression mechanism, both of which have fixed discharge capacities, using a common electric motor.
- the rotation speed (i.e., refrigerant discharge capacity) of the compressor 11 is controlled by a control signal output from the control device 60, which will be described later.
- the compressor 11 has a housing that forms a space to accommodate a low-stage compression mechanism, a high-stage compression mechanism, an electric motor, etc.
- the housing is formed with a low-pressure intake port 11a, an intermediate-pressure intake port 11b, and a discharge port 11c.
- the low-pressure suction port 11a is an opening hole for sucking low-pressure refrigerant from outside the housing into the low-stage compression mechanism.
- the intermediate-pressure suction port 11b is an opening hole for allowing intermediate-pressure refrigerant to flow from the outside to the inside of the housing and join the refrigerant in the process of being compressed from low pressure to high pressure.
- the intermediate-pressure suction port 11b is connected inside the housing to the discharge port side of the low-stage compression mechanism and the suction port side of the high-stage compression mechanism.
- the discharge port 11c is an opening hole for discharging high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the high-stage compression mechanism to the outside of the housing.
- the compressor 11 is disposed in a drive unit room formed at the front of the vehicle cabin.
- the drive unit room forms a space in which at least some of the equipment used to generate and adjust the driving force for the vehicle (e.g., the electric motor for driving) is disposed.
- the inlet side of the first three-way joint 12a is connected to the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11.
- the first three-way joint 12a has three inlet and outlet ports that communicate with each other.
- the first three-way joint 12a can be a joint formed by joining multiple pipes, or a joint formed by providing multiple refrigerant passages in a metal block or a resin block.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment includes the second three-way joint 12b to the ninth three-way joint 12i, as described below.
- the basic configurations of the second three-way joint 12b to the ninth three-way joint 12i are the same as those of the first three-way joint 12a.
- the basic configurations of the three-way joints described in the embodiments described below are also the same as those of the first three-way joint 12a.
- the first three-way joint 12a becomes an upstream branching section that branches the flow of high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11.
- One outlet of the first three-way joint 12a is connected to the inlet side of the refrigerant passage of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13.
- One outlet of the first three-way joint 12a is connected to one inlet side of the seventh three-way joint 12g.
- the refrigerant passage from the other outlet of the first three-way joint 12a to one inlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g is a bypass passage 21f that guides the other high-pressure refrigerant branched off at the first three-way joint 12a to the low-pressure suction port 11a side.
- a bypass-side flow control valve 14f is arranged in the bypass passage 21f.
- the bypass-side flow rate control valve 14f is a bypass passage-side pressure reduction section that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out from the other outlet of the first three-way joint 12a (i.e., the other refrigerant branched at the first three-way joint 12a) during a multi-stage hot gas heating mode, which will be described later. Furthermore, the bypass-side flow rate control valve 14f is a bypass-side flow rate control section that adjusts the flow rate (mass flow rate) of the refrigerant flowing through the bypass passage 21f.
- the bypass side flow rate control valve 14f is an electric variable throttle mechanism having a valve body that changes the throttle opening and an electric actuator that displaces the valve body.
- a stepping motor or a brushless motor can be used as the electric actuator.
- the operation of the bypass side flow rate control valve 14f is controlled by a control signal output from the control device 60.
- the bypass side flow control valve 14f has a fully open function that functions simply as a refrigerant passage with almost no refrigerant pressure reduction or flow rate adjustment action when the valve is fully open.
- the bypass side flow control valve 14f has a fully closed function that closes the refrigerant passage when the valve is fully closed.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment includes an outdoor unit high stage side expansion valve 14a, an outdoor unit low stage side expansion valve 14b, a high stage side expansion valve 14c, a cooling expansion valve 14d, and a cooling expansion valve 14e.
- the basic configurations of the outdoor unit high stage side expansion valve 14a, the outdoor unit low stage side expansion valve 14b, the high stage side expansion valve 14c, the cooling expansion valve 14d, and the cooling expansion valve 14e are the same as the bypass side flow control valve 14f.
- the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a, the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b, the high-stage expansion valve 14c, the cooling expansion valve 14d, the cooling expansion valve 14e, and the bypass-side flow control valve 14f can switch the refrigerant circuit through which the refrigerant circulates by exerting the fully closed function described above. Therefore, the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a, the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b, the high-stage expansion valve 14c, the cooling expansion valve 14d, the cooling expansion valve 14e, and the bypass-side flow control valve 14f also function as a refrigerant circuit switching unit that switches the refrigerant circuit.
- the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a, the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b, the high-stage expansion valve 14c, the cooling expansion valve 14d, the cooling expansion valve 14e, and the bypass-side flow control valve 14f may be formed by combining a variable throttle mechanism that does not have a full-closing function with an on-off valve that opens and closes the refrigerant passage.
- each on-off valve serves as a refrigerant circuit switching unit.
- the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 is a heat exchange section that exchanges heat between the high-pressure refrigerant flowing out from one outlet of the first three-way joint 12a (i.e., one of the high-pressure refrigerant branches at the first three-way joint 12a) and the high-temperature side heat medium circulating in the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30.
- the heat of the high-pressure refrigerant is dissipated to the high-temperature side heat medium, heating the high-temperature side heat medium.
- the inlet side of the second three-way joint 12b is connected to the outlet of the refrigerant passage of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13.
- the inlet side of the outdoor unit high stage expansion valve 14a is connected to one outlet of the second three-way joint 12b.
- One inlet side of the fifth three-way joint 12e is connected to the other outlet of the second three-way joint 12b.
- the refrigerant passage that runs from the other outlet of the second three-way joint 12b to one inlet of the fifth three-way joint 12e is the high pressure side passage 21a.
- a high-pressure side on-off valve 22a is disposed in the high-pressure side passage 21a.
- the high-pressure side on-off valve 22a is an on-off valve that opens and closes the high-pressure side passage 21a.
- the high-pressure side on-off valve 22a is an electromagnetic valve whose opening and closing operation is controlled by a control voltage output from the control device 60.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment is equipped with a heating on-off valve 22b, an intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, and a low pressure side on-off valve 22d, as described below.
- the basic configurations of the heating on-off valve 22b, the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, and the low pressure side on-off valve 22d are the same as those of the high pressure side on-off valve 22a.
- the basic configurations of the on-off valves described in the embodiments described below are also the same as those of the high pressure side on-off valve 22a.
- the high pressure side valve 22a, the heating valve 22b, the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and the low pressure side valve 22d can switch the refrigerant circuit by opening and closing the refrigerant passage. Therefore, the high pressure side valve 22a, the heating valve 22b, the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and the low pressure side valve 22d are refrigerant circuit switching units that switch the refrigerant circuit.
- the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a is an outdoor unit high-stage pressure reduction section that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 during the outside air heat absorption heating mode described below. Furthermore, the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a is an outdoor unit high-stage flow rate adjustment section that adjusts the flow rate (mass flow rate) of the refrigerant flowing into the heating gas-liquid separator 15a.
- the outlet of the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a is connected to the inlet of the heating gas-liquid separator 15a.
- the heating gas-liquid separator 15a is a heating gas-liquid separator that separates the refrigerant that flows out of the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a into gas and liquid.
- a gas-liquid separation section of a centrifugal separation type that separates the gas and liquid refrigerant by the action of centrifugal force is used as the heating gas-liquid separator 15a.
- a gas-liquid separation section with a relatively small internal volume that discharges the separated liquid phase refrigerant without storing it inside is used as the heating gas-liquid separator 15a.
- One inlet side of the third three-way joint 12c is connected to the gas phase refrigerant outlet of the heating gas-liquid separator 15a.
- the refrigerant passage from the gas phase refrigerant outlet of the heating gas-liquid separator 15a to one inlet of the third three-way joint 12c is the heating intermediate pressure passage 21b.
- a heating on-off valve 22b is arranged in the heating intermediate pressure passage 21b. The heating on-off valve 22b opens and closes the heating intermediate pressure passage 21b.
- the outlet of the third three-way joint 12c is connected to the intermediate pressure suction port 11b side of the compressor 11.
- the refrigerant passage from the outlet of the third three-way joint 12c to the intermediate pressure suction port 11b of the compressor 11 is the intermediate pressure passage 21c.
- An intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c is arranged in the intermediate pressure passage 21c.
- the intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c is an intermediate pressure side opening/closing part that opens and closes the intermediate pressure passage 21c.
- the inlet side of the outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b is connected to the liquid phase refrigerant outlet of the heating gas-liquid separator 15a.
- the outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b is an outdoor unit low stage pressure reduction section that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the heating gas-liquid separator 15a during the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode.
- the outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b is an outdoor unit low stage flow rate adjustment section that adjusts the flow rate (mass flow rate) of the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 16.
- the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is connected to the outlet of the outdoor low-stage expansion valve 14b.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant decompressed by the outdoor low-stage expansion valve 14b and the outside air blown by an outside air fan (not shown).
- the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is located on the front side of the drive unit compartment. Therefore, when the vehicle is traveling, the traveling wind that flows into the drive unit compartment through the grill can be directed at the outdoor heat exchanger 16.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 16 serves as a refrigerant heat dissipation section that dissipates heat contained in the refrigerant to the outside air.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 16 serves as a refrigerant heat absorption section that causes the refrigerant to absorb the outside air heat contained in the outside air.
- the inlet side of the fourth three-way joint 12d is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 16.
- One outlet of the fourth three-way joint 12d is connected to the other inlet side of the fifth three-way joint 12e via a first check valve 17a.
- the first check valve 17a allows the refrigerant to flow from the fourth three-way joint 12d side to the fifth three-way joint 12e side, and prohibits the refrigerant from flowing from the fifth three-way joint 12e side to the fourth three-way joint 12d side.
- the other outlet of the fourth three-way joint 12d is connected to one inlet side of the ninth three-way joint 12i.
- the refrigerant passage from the other outlet of the fourth three-way joint 12d to one inlet of the ninth three-way joint 12i is the low-pressure side passage 21d.
- a low-pressure side opening/closing valve 22d is arranged in the low-pressure side passage 21d. The low-pressure side opening/closing valve 22d opens and closes the low-pressure side passage 21d.
- a high-stage expansion valve 14c is disposed at the outlet of the fifth three-way joint 12e.
- the high-stage expansion valve 14c is a high-stage pressure reducing section that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 during the cooling mode and the multi-stage hot gas heating mode described below.
- the high-stage expansion valve 14c is a high-stage flow rate adjusting section that adjusts the flow rate (mass flow rate) of the refrigerant flowing into the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the inlet side of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is connected to the outlet of the high stage expansion valve 14c.
- the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is a hot gas gas-liquid separator that separates the refrigerant that flows out of the high stage expansion valve 14c into gas and liquid.
- the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b can be a gas-liquid separator similar to the heating gas-liquid separator 15a.
- the gas-phase refrigerant outlet of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is connected to the other inlet side of the third three-way joint 12c.
- the refrigerant passage from the gas-phase refrigerant outlet of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b to the other inlet of the third three-way joint 12c is the hot gas intermediate pressure passage 21e.
- a second check valve 17b is arranged in the hot gas intermediate pressure passage 21e.
- the second check valve 17b allows the refrigerant to flow from the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b to the third three-way joint 12c, but prohibits the refrigerant from flowing from the third three-way joint 12c to the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the inlet side of the sixth three-way joint 12f is connected to the liquid-phase refrigerant outlet of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the refrigerant inlet side of the indoor evaporator 18 is connected to one outlet of the sixth three-way joint 12f.
- the refrigerant inlet side of the chiller 20 is connected to the other outlet of the sixth three-way joint 12f.
- a cooling expansion valve 14d is disposed in the refrigerant passageway leading from one outlet of the sixth three-way joint 12f to the refrigerant inlet of the indoor evaporator 18.
- the cooling expansion valve 14d is an indoor pressure reducing section that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out from one outlet of the sixth three-way joint 12f during the cooling mode described below.
- the cooling expansion valve 14d is an indoor flow rate adjusting section that adjusts the flow rate (mass flow rate) of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor evaporator 18.
- the cooling expansion valve 14d is included in the low-stage pressure reduction section that reduces the pressure of the liquid-phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the interior evaporator 18 is disposed in an air conditioning case 51 of the interior air conditioning unit 50, which will be described later.
- the interior evaporator 18 is an air cooling heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by the cooling expansion valve 14d and the blown air blown from the interior blower 52 toward the vehicle interior.
- the interior evaporator 18 is an air conditioning evaporation section that cools the blown air by evaporating the low-pressure refrigerant and exerting a heat absorption effect.
- the interior evaporator 18 is therefore a cooling section for the blown air, which evaporates the refrigerant decompressed by the cooling expansion valve 14e and cools the blown air, which is the object to be cooled by the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the refrigerant outlet of the indoor evaporator 18 is connected to one inlet side of the eighth three-way joint 12h.
- An evaporation pressure adjustment valve 19 is arranged in the refrigerant passage leading from the refrigerant outlet of the indoor evaporator 18 to one inlet side of the eighth three-way joint 12h.
- the evaporation pressure adjustment valve 19 is a variable throttle mechanism that maintains the refrigerant evaporation temperature in the indoor evaporator 18 at a temperature (in this embodiment, 1°C) or higher that can suppress frost formation on the indoor evaporator 18.
- the evaporation pressure adjustment valve 19 is composed of a mechanical mechanism that increases the valve opening as the refrigerant pressure on the refrigerant outlet side of the indoor evaporator 18 increases.
- a cooling expansion valve 14e is disposed in the refrigerant passage leading from the other outlet of the sixth three-way joint 12f to the refrigerant inlet of the chiller 20.
- the cooling expansion valve 14e is a cooling-side pressure reducing section that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out from the other outlet of the sixth three-way joint 12f during an operation mode for cooling the battery 70.
- the cooling expansion valve 14e is a cooling-side flow rate adjusting section that adjusts the flow rate (mass flow rate) of the refrigerant flowing into the chiller 20.
- the cooling expansion valve 14e is included in the low-stage pressure reduction section that reduces the pressure of the liquid-phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the chiller 20 is a low-temperature heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by the cooling expansion valve 14e and the low-temperature heat medium circulating in the low-temperature heat medium circuit 40.
- the chiller 20 is a cooling evaporation unit that cools the low-temperature heat medium by evaporating the low-pressure refrigerant and exerting a heat absorption effect.
- the other inlet side of the seventh three-way joint 12g is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the chiller 20.
- the other inlet side of the eighth three-way joint 12h is connected to the outlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g.
- the other inlet side of the ninth three-way joint 12i is connected to the outlet of the eighth three-way joint 12h.
- the inlet side of the accumulator 23 is connected to the outlet of the ninth three-way joint 12i.
- the accumulator 23 is a low-pressure liquid storage section that separates the refrigerant that flows into it into gas and liquid, and stores the separated liquid-phase refrigerant as excess refrigerant for the cycle.
- the gas-phase refrigerant outlet of the accumulator 23 is connected to the suction port side of the compressor 11.
- the seventh three-way joint 12g merges the flow of refrigerant flowing out of the cooling expansion valve 14e with the flow of refrigerant flowing out of the bypass side flow control valve 14f during the single-stage hot gas heating mode and multi-stage hot gas heating mode described below. Therefore, the seventh three-way joint 12g serves as a merging section that allows the merged refrigerant to flow into the suction port side of the compressor 11.
- the eighth three-way joint 12h merges the flow of refrigerant flowing out from the cooling expansion valve 14d and the flow flowing out from the bypass side flow control valve 14f during the inside air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode described below. Therefore, the eighth three-way joint 12h serves as a merging section that allows the merged refrigerant to flow into the suction port side of the compressor 11.
- the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30 is a heat medium circulation circuit that circulates the high-temperature side heat medium.
- an ethylene glycol aqueous solution is used as the high-temperature side heat medium.
- the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30 includes the heat medium passage of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high-temperature side pump 31, the heater core 32, etc.
- the high-temperature side pump 31 is a high-temperature side heat medium pump that pumps the high-temperature side heat medium that flows out of the heat medium passage of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 to the heat medium inlet side of the heater core 32.
- the high-temperature side pump 31 is an electric pump whose rotation speed (i.e., pumping capacity) is controlled by a control voltage output from the control device 60.
- the heater core 32 is a heating heat exchanger that heats the blown air by exchanging heat between the high-temperature heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and the blown air that has passed through the indoor evaporator 18.
- the heater core 32 is disposed in the air conditioning case 51 of the indoor air conditioning unit 50.
- the heat medium outlet of the heater core 32 is connected to the inlet side of the heat medium passage of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13.
- the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and the components of the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30 in this embodiment are heating units that use one of the high-pressure refrigerants branched off at the first three-way joint 12a as a heat source to heat the blown air, which is the object to be heated.
- the low-temperature side heat medium circuit 40 is a heat medium circuit that circulates the low-temperature side heat medium.
- the same type of fluid as the high-temperature side heat medium is used as the low-temperature side heat medium.
- the low-temperature side heat medium circuit 40 is connected to the low-temperature side pump 41, the cooling water passage 70a of the battery 70, the heat medium passage of the chiller 20, etc.
- the low-temperature side pump 41 is a low-temperature side heat medium pump that pumps the low-temperature side heat medium flowing out of the cooling water passage 70a of the battery 70 to the inlet side of the heat medium passage of the chiller 20.
- the basic configuration of the low-temperature side pump 41 is the same as that of the high-temperature side pump 31.
- the inlet side of the cooling water passage 70a of the battery 70 is connected to the outlet side of the heat medium passage of the chiller 20.
- the cooling water passage 70a of the battery 70 is a cooling water passage formed to cool the battery 70 by circulating the low-temperature heat medium cooled by the chiller 20.
- the cooling water passage 70a is formed inside a dedicated battery case that houses multiple battery cells arranged in a stacked configuration.
- the cooling water passage 70a is configured with multiple passages connected in parallel inside the battery case. This allows the cooling water passage 70a to cool all battery cells evenly.
- the outlet of the cooling water passage 70a is connected to the intake side of the low-temperature side pump 41.
- the chiller 20 and each component of the low-temperature heat medium circuit 40 are cooling units for equipment that evaporates the refrigerant decompressed by the cooling expansion valve 14e to cool the battery 70, which is the object to be cooled by the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the interior air conditioning unit 50 is a unit that integrates multiple components to blow air adjusted to an appropriate temperature to the appropriate location within the vehicle cabin for air conditioning.
- the interior air conditioning unit 50 is located inside the instrument panel at the very front of the vehicle cabin.
- the indoor air conditioning unit 50 is formed by housing an indoor blower 52, an indoor evaporator 18, a heater core 32, etc., inside an air conditioning case 51 that forms an air passage for the blown air.
- the air conditioning case 51 is formed from a resin (e.g., polypropylene) that has a certain degree of elasticity and excellent strength.
- An inside/outside air switching device 53 is disposed on the most upstream side of the blown air flow of the air conditioning case 51.
- the inside/outside air switching device 53 switches between introducing inside air (i.e., air inside the vehicle cabin) and outside air (i.e., air outside the vehicle cabin) into the air conditioning case 51.
- the operation of the inside/outside air switching device 53 is controlled by a control signal output from the control device 60.
- the interior blower 52 is disposed downstream of the inside/outside air switching device 53 in the flow of blown air.
- the interior blower 52 is a blowing unit that blows air drawn in through the inside/outside air switching device 53 toward the inside of the vehicle cabin.
- the rotation speed (i.e., blowing capacity) of the interior blower 52 is controlled by a control voltage output from the control device 60.
- the indoor evaporator 18 and heater core 32 are arranged downstream of the indoor blower 52 in the flow of blown air.
- the indoor evaporator 18 is arranged upstream of the heater core 32 in the flow of blown air.
- a cold air bypass passage 55 is formed inside the air conditioning case 51, which allows the blown air after passing through the indoor evaporator 18 to bypass the heater core 32.
- An air mix door 54 is located downstream of the airflow from the indoor evaporator 18 in the air conditioning case 51 and upstream of the airflow from the heater core 32 and the cold air bypass passage 55.
- the air mix door 54 adjusts the ratio of the volume of the blown air passing through the heater core 32 to the volume of the blown air passing through the cold air bypass passage 55 after passing through the indoor evaporator 18.
- the operation of the actuator for driving the air mix door 54 is controlled by a control signal output from the control device 60.
- a mixing space 56 is disposed downstream of the heater core 32 and the cold air bypass passage 55 in the flow of blown air.
- the mixing space 56 is a space where the blown air heated by the heater core 32 is mixed with the blown air that has passed through the cold air bypass passage 55 and has not been heated.
- the temperature of the blown air (i.e., the conditioned air) that is mixed in the mixing space 56 and blown into the vehicle cabin can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the air mix door 54.
- the downstreammost part of the airflow in the air conditioning case 51 has multiple openings (not shown) for blowing conditioned air toward various locations in the vehicle cabin.
- Each of the multiple openings has a blow mode door (not shown) arranged to open and close each opening.
- the operation of the actuator for driving the blow mode door is controlled by a control signal output from the control device 60.
- the interior air conditioning unit 50 can blow conditioned air at an appropriate temperature to the appropriate location in the vehicle cabin by switching the opening holes that the blowing mode door opens and closes.
- the control device 60 has a well-known microcomputer including a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc., and its peripheral circuits.
- the control device 60 performs various calculations and processing based on a control program stored in the ROM. Then, the control device 60 controls the operation of various controlled devices connected to the output side based on the results of the calculations and processing.
- a group of control sensors such as an inside air temperature sensor 61a, an outside air temperature sensor 61b, a solar radiation sensor 61c, a discharge refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62a, a high-pressure side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62b, an outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62c, an evaporator side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62d, a chiller side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62e, an evaporator temperature sensor 62f, a high-temperature side heat medium temperature sensor 63a, a low-temperature side heat medium temperature sensor 63b, a battery temperature sensor 64, and an air conditioning air temperature sensor 65.
- control sensors such as an inside air temperature sensor 61a, an outside air temperature sensor 61b, a solar radiation sensor 61c, a discharge refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62a, a high-pressure side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62b, an outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor
- the interior air temperature sensor 61a is an interior air temperature detection unit that detects the temperature inside the vehicle cabin (interior air temperature) Tr.
- the exterior air temperature sensor 61b is an exterior air temperature detection unit that detects the temperature outside the vehicle cabin (exterior air temperature) Tam.
- the solar radiation sensor 61c is an exterior air temperature detection unit that detects the amount of solar radiation As irradiated into the vehicle cabin.
- the discharge refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62a is a discharge refrigerant temperature and pressure detection unit that detects the discharge refrigerant temperature Td and discharge refrigerant pressure Pd of the discharge refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11.
- the high-pressure side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62b is a high-pressure side refrigerant temperature and pressure detection unit that detects the high-pressure side refrigerant temperature T1 and high-pressure side refrigerant pressure P1 of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13.
- the outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62c is an outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature and pressure detection unit that detects the outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature T2 and the outdoor unit side refrigerant pressure P2 of the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchanger 16.
- the evaporator side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62d is an evaporator side refrigerant temperature and pressure detection unit that detects the evaporator side refrigerant temperature Te and evaporator side refrigerant pressure Pe of the refrigerant flowing out from the indoor evaporator 18.
- the chiller side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62e is a chiller side refrigerant temperature and pressure detection unit that detects the chiller side refrigerant temperature Tc and chiller side refrigerant pressure Pc of the refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant passage of the chiller 20. Specifically, the chiller side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62e of this embodiment detects the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant before it flows out of the seventh three-way joint 12g and into the other inlet of the eighth three-way joint 12h.
- a detection unit in which the pressure detection unit and the temperature detection unit are integrated is used as the refrigerant temperature pressure sensor, but of course, a pressure detection unit and a temperature detection unit configured separately may also be used.
- the evaporator temperature sensor 62f is an evaporator temperature detection unit that detects the refrigerant evaporation temperature (evaporator temperature) Tefin in the indoor evaporator 18. In this embodiment, the evaporator temperature sensor 62f specifically detects the heat exchange fin temperature of the indoor evaporator 18.
- the high-temperature side heat medium temperature sensor 63a is a high-temperature side heat medium temperature detection unit that detects the high-temperature side heat medium temperature TWH, which is the temperature of the high-temperature side heat medium flowing into the heater core 32.
- the low-temperature side heat medium temperature sensor 63b is a low-temperature side heat medium temperature detection unit that detects the low-temperature side heat medium temperature TWL, which is the temperature of the low-temperature side heat medium flowing out from the coolant passage 70a of the battery 70.
- the battery temperature sensor 64 is a battery temperature detection unit that detects the battery temperature TB, which is the temperature of the battery 70.
- the battery temperature sensor 64 has multiple temperature sensors and detects the temperature at multiple locations on the battery 70. This allows the control device 60 to detect the temperature difference and temperature distribution of each battery cell that makes up the battery 70. Furthermore, the average value of the detection values of the multiple temperature sensors is used as the battery temperature TB.
- the air conditioning air temperature sensor 65 detects the blown air temperature TAV, which is the temperature of the blown air blown from the mixing space 56 into the vehicle cabin. Therefore, the air conditioning air temperature sensor 65 is a heating object temperature detection unit that detects the object temperature of the blown air, which is the object to be heated.
- an operation panel 69 located near the instrument panel at the front of the vehicle interior is connected to the input side of the control device 60. Operation signals are input to the control device 60 from various operation switches provided on the operation panel 69.
- operation switches provided on the operation panel 69 include an auto switch, an air conditioner switch, an air volume setting switch, a temperature setting switch, etc.
- the auto switch is an automatic control setting unit that sets or cancels automatic control operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the air conditioner switch is a cooling request unit that requests cooling of the blown air by the interior evaporator 18.
- the air volume setting switch is an air volume setting unit that manually sets the blown air volume of the interior blower 52.
- the temperature setting switch is a temperature setting unit that sets the set temperature Tset in the vehicle cabin.
- control device 60 of this embodiment is configured as an integrated control unit that controls the various controlled devices connected to its output side. Therefore, the configuration (i.e., hardware and software) that controls the operation of each controlled device forms a control unit that controls the operation of each controlled device.
- the component that controls the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 11 is the discharge capacity control unit 60a.
- the component that controls the operation of the refrigerant circuit switching unit is the refrigerant circuit control unit 60b.
- the refrigerant circuit control unit 60b has an intermediate pressure opening/closing control unit 60c that controls the operation of the intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c.
- the refrigerant circuit control unit 60b has a high stage side pressure reduction control unit 60d that controls the operation of the high stage side expansion valve 14c.
- the component that determines the target outlet temperature TAO which is the target temperature of the ventilation air blown into the vehicle cabin, is the target temperature determination unit 60e.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 switches between various operating modes to condition the air in the vehicle cabin and adjust the temperature of the battery 70.
- the operating modes are switched by executing a control program that is pre-stored in the control device 60.
- the control program is executed not only when the start switch (the ignition switch) of the vehicle system is turned on and the vehicle system is running, but also when the battery 70 is being charged from an external power source.
- the control program performs air conditioning in the vehicle cabin when the auto switch is turned on.
- the control program reads the detection signals from the control sensors described above and the operation signals from the operation panel 69. Then, using the target temperature determination unit 60e, it determines the target air outlet temperature TAO based on the read detection signals and operation signals.
- the target temperature determination unit 60e calculates the target blown temperature TAO using the following formula F1.
- TAO Kset x Tset - Kr x Tr - Kam x Tam - Ks x As + C ... (F1)
- Tset is the set temperature in the vehicle cabin set by the temperature setting switch. Tr is the inside air temperature detected by the inside air temperature sensor 61a. Tam is the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 61b. As is the amount of solar radiation detected by the solar radiation sensor 61c.
- Kset, Kr, Kam, and Ks are control gains, and C is a correction constant.
- control program selects an operation mode based on the detection signal, operation signal, target blowing temperature TAO, etc., and controls the operation of various controlled devices according to the selected operation mode.
- control routine repeats at each specified control cycle, including reading the above-mentioned detection signals and operation signals, determining the target air temperature TAO, selecting an operation mode, and controlling the operation of various controlled devices according to the selected operation mode.
- TAO target air temperature
- control routine repeats at each specified control cycle, including reading the above-mentioned detection signals and operation signals, determining the target air temperature TAO, selecting an operation mode, and controlling the operation of various controlled devices according to the selected operation mode. The detailed operation of each operation mode is explained below.
- Cooling mode is an operation mode in which cooled air is blown into the passenger compartment to cool the passenger compartment.
- the cooling mode is likely to be selected when the auto switch and the air conditioner switch are on, the outside air temperature Tam is relatively high, or the target outlet temperature TAO is relatively low.
- the cooling modes include a standalone cooling mode that cools the vehicle cabin without cooling the battery 70, and a cooling and air-conditioning mode that cools the battery 70 and also cools the vehicle cabin.
- the standalone cooling mode is included in the cooling modes that cool the blown air as the object to be cooled.
- the cooling and air-conditioning mode is included in the cooling modes that cool the blown air and the low-temperature heat medium as the object to be cooled.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a in a fully open state, the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b in a fully open state, the high-stage expansion valve 14c in a throttled state to exert a pressure reducing effect, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a fully closed state.
- the control device 60 also closes the high pressure side valve 22a, closes the heating valve 22b, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a which is in a fully open state, the heating gas-liquid separator 15a, the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b which is in a fully open state, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the high-stage expansion valve 14c, and the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the gas phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b flows in the order of the hot gas intermediate pressure passage 21e, the intermediate pressure passage 21c, and the intermediate pressure suction port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the liquid phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it flows in the order of the cooling expansion valve 14d, the indoor evaporator 18, the evaporation pressure adjustment valve 19, the accumulator 23, and the low pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11.
- control device 60 controls the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 11 so that the evaporator temperature Tefin detected by the evaporator temperature sensor 62f approaches the target evaporator temperature TEO.
- the target evaporator temperature TEO is determined based on the target outlet temperature TAO by referring to a control map for the cooling mode stored in advance in the control device 60. In the control map, the target evaporator temperature TEO is determined to increase with an increase in the target outlet temperature TAO. In addition, the target evaporator temperature TEO is determined to a value (at least 1°C or higher in this embodiment) that can suppress frost formation on the indoor evaporator 18.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the high-stage expansion valve 14c so that the degree of subcooling SC2 of the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 approaches a predetermined reference degree of subcooling KSC2.
- the degree of subcooling SC2 of the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 can be determined from the outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature T2 and the outdoor unit side refrigerant pressure P2 detected by the outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62c.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14d so that it is at a predetermined reference opening for the cooling mode.
- the control device 60 controls the operation of the high-temperature side pump 31 so as to exert a predetermined reference pumping capacity. Therefore, in the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30 in the sole cooling mode, as shown by the dashed arrow in FIG. 4, the high-temperature side heat medium pumped by the high-temperature side pump 31 circulates through the heater core 32, the heat medium passage of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, and the suction port of the high-temperature side pump 31 in that order.
- the control device 60 controls the blowing capacity of the indoor blower 52 based on the target blowing temperature TAO by referring to a control map stored in advance in the control device 60.
- the control map determines the maximum blowing volume of the indoor blower 52 in the extremely low temperature range (maximum cooling range) and extremely high temperature range (maximum heating range) of the target blowing temperature TAO, and to reduce the blowing volume as the temperature approaches the intermediate temperature range.
- the control device 60 also adjusts the opening of the air mix door 54 so that the blown air temperature TAV detected by the air conditioning air temperature sensor 65 approaches the target blown air temperature TAO. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 function as condensers that condense the refrigerant by dissipating heat
- the indoor evaporator 18 functions as an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant, forming a two-stage pressure boost type vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
- a so-called gas-liquid separation type gas injection cycle is formed.
- the refrigerant releases heat to the high-temperature heat medium, heating the high-temperature heat medium.
- the refrigerant releases heat to the outside air.
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the blown air, cooling the blown air.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32.
- the air blown from the interior blower 52 is cooled by the interior evaporator 18.
- the air cooled by the interior evaporator 18 is heated by the heater core 32 depending on the opening degree of the air mix door 54.
- the conditioned air whose temperature has been adjusted to approach the target blowing temperature TAO, is then blown into the vehicle cabin. This achieves cooling of the vehicle cabin.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the same manner as in the single cooling mode, as shown by the thick solid line and arrows in Fig. 4.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it flows in the order of the cooling expansion valve 14e, the chiller 20, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the indoor evaporator 18 and the chiller 20 are switched to a refrigerant circuit that is connected in parallel to the flow of refrigerant flowing out of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14e so that it becomes a predetermined throttle opening for the cooling/air-conditioning mode.
- control device 60 operates the high-temperature side pump 31 in the same manner as in the single cooling mode.
- the control device 60 controls the operation of the low-temperature side pump 41 so as to exert a predetermined standard pumping capacity. Therefore, in the low-temperature side heat medium circuit 40 in the cooling/cooling mode, as shown by the dashed arrow in FIG. 4, the high-temperature side heat medium pumped by the low-temperature side pump 41 circulates in the following order: the heat medium passage of the chiller 20, the cooling water passage 70a of the battery 70, and the intake port of the low-temperature side pump 41.
- control device 60 controls the blowing capacity of the indoor blower 52 and the opening degree of the air mix door 54, just as in the single cooling mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- a gas-liquid separation type gas injection cycle is configured in which the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 function as condensers, and the indoor evaporator 18 and chiller 20 function as evaporators.
- the high-temperature heat medium is heated, as in the single cooling mode.
- the refrigerant releases heat to the outside air.
- the indoor evaporator 18 the blown air is cooled, as in the single cooling mode.
- the chiller 20 the refrigerant absorbs heat from the low-temperature heat medium, thereby cooling the low-temperature heat medium.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just as in the single cooling mode.
- the low-temperature side heat medium pumped from the low-temperature side pump 41 flows into the chiller 20.
- the low-temperature side heat medium that flows into the chiller 20 is cooled by heat exchange with the low-pressure refrigerant.
- the low-temperature side heat medium cooled in the chiller 20 flows through the cooling water passage 70a of the battery 70. This cools the battery 70.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin to cool the interior, just as in the single cooling mode.
- the heating mode is an operation mode in which heated air is blown into the vehicle cabin to heat the vehicle cabin.
- the heating mode is likely to be selected when the auto switch is turned on, the outside air temperature Tam is relatively low, or the target outlet temperature TAO is relatively high.
- the heating modes include outdoor air endothermic heating mode, single-stage hot gas heating mode, and multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the heating mode the supply air, which is the object to be heated, is heated. Therefore, the outdoor air endothermic heating mode, single-stage hot gas heating mode, and multi-stage hot gas heating mode are outdoor air endothermic heating mode, single-stage hot gas heating mode, and multi-stage hot gas heating mode, respectively.
- the outdoor air heating mode is selected preferentially over the single-stage hot gas heating mode and the multi-stage hot gas heating mode if heat absorbed from the outdoor air can be used as a heat source for heating.
- the control device 60 places the outdoor unit high stage expansion valve 14a in a throttled state, the outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b in a throttled state, the high stage expansion valve 14c in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a fully closed state.
- the control device 60 also closes the high pressure side valve 22a, opens the heating valve 22b, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and opens the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a, and the heating gas-liquid separator 15a.
- the gas-phase refrigerant separated in the heating gas-liquid separator 15a flows in the order of the heating intermediate pressure passage 21b, the intermediate pressure passage 21c, and the intermediate pressure suction port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the liquid-phase refrigerant separated in the heating gas-liquid separator 15a is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it flows in the order of the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the low-pressure passage 21d, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11.
- control device 60 controls the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 11 so that the discharge refrigerant pressure Pd detected by the discharge refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62a approaches the target high-pressure PDO.
- the target high-pressure PDO is determined based on the target blowing temperature TAO and by referring to a control map previously stored in the control device 60. The control map determines that the target high-pressure PDO is increased as the target blowing temperature TAO increases.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a so that the degree of subcooling SC1 of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 approaches a predetermined reference degree of subcooling KSC1.
- the degree of subcooling SC1 of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 can be determined from the high-pressure side refrigerant temperature T1 and the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure P1 detected by the high-pressure side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62b.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b so that it reaches a predetermined reference opening for the heating mode.
- control device 60 operates the high-temperature side pump 31 in the same way as in the single cooling mode.
- control device 60 controls the blowing capacity of the indoor blower 52 and the opening degree of the air mix door 54, just as in the single cooling mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- a gas injection cycle with gas-liquid separation is configured in which the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 functions as an evaporator.
- the high-temperature side heat medium is heated in the same way as in the single cooling mode.
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outdoor air.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just like in the single cooling mode.
- the air blown from the interior blower 52 passes through the interior evaporator 18.
- the air that has passed through the interior evaporator 18 is heated by the heater core 32 depending on the opening degree of the air mix door 54.
- the conditioned air whose temperature has been adjusted to approach the target blowing temperature TAO is blown into the vehicle cabin. This achieves heating of the vehicle cabin.
- the single-stage hot gas heating mode is selected when it is difficult to absorb heat from the outside air to serve as a heat source for heating, such as when the outside air temperature is extremely low, or when it is determined that the heating capacity of the blown air in the heater core 32 is insufficient relative to the target heating capacity while the outside air heat absorption heating mode is being executed.
- the rotation speed of the compressor 11 when the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode is being executed, if the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is at the maximum rotation speed and the blowing air temperature TAV is lower than the target blowing temperature TAO, it is determined that the heating capacity is insufficient relative to the target heating capacity.
- the maximum rotation speed of the compressor 11 can be a maximum rotation speed determined based on the durability performance of the compressor 11.
- control device 60 fully closes the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a, fully closes the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b, fully opens the high-stage expansion valve 14c, fully closes the cooling expansion valve 14d, throttles the cooling expansion valve 14e, and throttles the bypass-side flow control valve 14f.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, closes the heating valve 22b, closes the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 circulates in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high-pressure side passage 21a, the high-stage side expansion valve 14c which is in a fully open state, the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b, the cooling expansion valve 14e, the chiller 20, the seventh three-way joint 12g, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it circulates in the order of the bypass side flow control valve 14f arranged in the bypass passage 21f, the seventh three-way joint 12g, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- control device 60 controls the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 11 so that the chiller side refrigerant pressure Pc detected by the chiller side refrigerant temperature pressure sensor 62e approaches a predetermined target low pressure PSO.
- the target low pressure PSO is set to a value higher than the refrigerant evaporation pressure in the outdoor heat exchanger 16 in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode.
- the chiller side refrigerant pressure Pc during single stage hot gas heating mode corresponds to the suction refrigerant pressure Ps, which is the pressure of the low pressure refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 from the low pressure suction port 11a. Controlling the suction refrigerant pressure Ps to approach a constant value is effective in stabilizing the discharge flow rate (mass flow rate) of the compressor 11.
- the suction refrigerant pressure Ps to a constant pressure saturated gas phase refrigerant
- the density of the low pressure refrigerant drawn into the compressor 11 can be made constant. Therefore, by controlling the suction refrigerant pressure Ps to approach a constant pressure, it becomes easier to stabilize the discharge flow rate Gr of the compressor 11 at the same rotation speed.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the bypass side flow rate control valve 14f so that the high-low pressure difference ⁇ P, obtained by subtracting the suction refrigerant pressure Ps from the discharge refrigerant pressure Pd, approaches the target high-low pressure difference ⁇ PO.
- the target high-low pressure difference ⁇ PO is the value obtained by subtracting the target low pressure PSO from the target high pressure PDO, which is determined in the same way as in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14e so that the degree of subcooling SC1 of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 approaches a predetermined reference degree of subcooling KSC1. Therefore, liquid phase refrigerant flows through the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b in the single-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 operates the high-temperature side pump 31 in the same manner as in the single cooling mode.
- control device 60 stops the low-temperature side pump 41.
- control device 60 controls the blowing capacity of the indoor blower 52 and the opening degree of the air mix door 54, just as in the single cooling mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- the flow of high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 is branched at the first three-way joint 12a.
- One of the refrigerants branched at the first three-way joint 12a flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and dissipates heat to the high-temperature side heat medium (from point a7 to point b7 in FIG. 7). This heats the high-temperature side heat medium.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the high-pressure side passage 21a. Because the high-stage expansion valve 14c is fully open, the refrigerant that flows into the high-pressure side passage 21a flows through the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b into the cooling expansion valve 14e and is reduced in pressure (from point b7 to point f7 in Figure 7).
- the low-pressure refrigerant with a relatively low enthalpy that flows out of the cooling expansion valve 14e flows into the other inlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g through the chiller 20.
- the heating on-off valve 22b and the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c are closed, so refrigerant does not flow out from the gas phase refrigerant outlet of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b to the hot gas intermediate pressure passage 21e. Also, in the single-stage hot gas heating mode, the low-temperature side pump 41 is stopped, so the refrigerant that flows into the chiller 20 does not exchange heat with the low-temperature side heat medium.
- the other refrigerant branched off at the first three-way joint 12a flows into the bypass passage 21f.
- the refrigerant that flows into the bypass passage 21f is depressurized by adjusting the flow rate at the bypass side flow control valve 14f (from point a7 to point h7 in FIG. 7).
- the low-pressure refrigerant with a relatively high enthalpy that has been depressurized by the bypass side flow control valve 14f flows into one inlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g.
- the flow of low-pressure refrigerant with a relatively high enthalpy that flows in from one inlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g and the flow of low-pressure refrigerant with a relatively low enthalpy that flows in from the other inlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g join together.
- the refrigerant that joins at the seventh three-way joint 12g flows into the accumulator 23 and is separated into gas and liquid.
- the gas-phase refrigerant separated in the accumulator 23 (point g7 in Figure 7) is sucked into the compressor 11 from the low-pressure suction port 11a and compressed.
- the intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c is closed, so the compressor 11 compresses the refrigerant in the same way as a single-stage boost compressor.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just as in the single cooling mode.
- the interior air conditioning unit 50 blows temperature-adjusted ventilation air into the vehicle cabin, similar to the outside air heat absorption heating mode, thereby heating the vehicle cabin.
- the multi-stage hot gas heating mode is selected when, during execution of the single-stage hot gas heating mode, it is determined that the heating capacity of the blown air in the heater core 32 is insufficient relative to the target heating capacity.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b in a fully closed state, the high-stage expansion valve 14c in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, closes the heating valve 22b, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high-pressure side passage 21a, the high-stage expansion valve 14c, and the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the gas phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b flows in the order of the hot gas intermediate pressure passage 21e, the intermediate pressure passage 21c, and the intermediate pressure suction port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the liquid phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b flows in the order of the cooling expansion valve 14e, the chiller 20, the seventh three-way joint 12g, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it circulates in the order of the bypass side flow control valve 14f arranged in the bypass passage 21f, the seventh three-way joint 12g, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the high-stage expansion valve 14c. Specifically, when the blowing air temperature TAV can be set to the target blowing temperature TAO by adjusting the opening of the air mix door 54, the control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the high-stage expansion valve 14c so that the degree of subcooling SC1 of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 approaches a predetermined reference degree of subcooling KSC1.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14e so that it is at a predetermined reference opening for the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the control device 60 also controls the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 11 and the throttle opening of the bypass side flow control valve 14f, similar to the single-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 operates the high-temperature side pump 31 in the same manner as in the single cooling mode.
- control device 60 stops the low-temperature side pump 41.
- control device 60 controls the blowing capacity of the indoor blower 52, the opening degree of the air mix door 54, etc., in the same way as in the single cooling mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- the flow of high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 is branched at the first three-way joint 12a.
- One of the refrigerants branched at the first three-way joint 12a flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and dissipates heat to the high-temperature side heat medium (from point a9 to point b9 in FIG. 9). This heats the high-temperature side heat medium.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the high-pressure side passage 21a.
- the refrigerant that flows into the high-pressure side passage 21a flows into the high-stage expansion valve 14c and is reduced in pressure (from point b9 to point c9 in Figure 9).
- the intermediate-pressure refrigerant that flows out of the high-stage expansion valve 14c flows into the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b and is separated into gas and liquid (from point c9 to point e9, and from point c9 to point d9 in Figure 9).
- the gas phase refrigerant flowing out from the gas phase refrigerant outlet of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is sucked into the compressor 11 from the intermediate pressure suction port 11b via the hot gas intermediate pressure passage 21e and intermediate pressure passage 21c.
- the intermediate pressure refrigerant sucked from the intermediate pressure suction port 11b merges with the refrigerant undergoing the compression process from low pressure to high pressure inside the compressor 11 (point i9 in FIG. 9).
- the liquid-phase refrigerant that flows out from the liquid-phase refrigerant outlet of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b flows into the cooling expansion valve 14e and is reduced in pressure (from point d9 to point f9 in Figure 9).
- the low-pressure refrigerant with a relatively low enthalpy that flows out of the cooling expansion valve 14e flows into the other inlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g via the chiller 20.
- the low-temperature side pump 41 In multi-stage hot gas heating mode, the low-temperature side pump 41 is stopped, so the refrigerant that flows into the chiller 20 does not exchange heat with the low-temperature side heat medium.
- the other refrigerant branched off at the first three-way joint 12a flows into the bypass passage 21f, as in the single-stage hot gas heating mode, and is depressurized by adjusting the flow rate at the bypass side flow control valve 14f (from point a9 to point h9 in Figure 9).
- the low-pressure refrigerant with a relatively high enthalpy that has been depressurized at the bypass side flow control valve 14f flows into one inlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g.
- the refrigerant that joins at the seventh three-way joint 12g flows into the accumulator 23 and is separated into gas and liquid.
- the gas-phase refrigerant separated in the accumulator 23 (point g9 in Figure 9) is sucked into the compressor 11 from the low-pressure suction port 11a and compressed.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just as in the single cooling mode.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin, similar to the outside air heat absorption heating mode, thereby heating the vehicle cabin.
- an endothermic multistage hot gas heating mode can be executed as an operating mode for improving the heating capacity of the blown air more than the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- the endothermic multistage hot gas heating mode is an endothermic multistage hot gas heating mode that heats the blown air, which is the object to be heated.
- the endothermic multi-stage hot gas heating modes include (b-3-1) the interior air endothermic multi-stage hot gas heating mode and (b-3-2) the equipment endothermic multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the interior air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode is selected when the multistage hot gas heating mode is selected and the interior air temperature Tr is equal to or higher than a predetermined reference hot gas interior air temperature KHTr.
- the reference hot gas interior air temperature KHTr is set to a temperature at which the refrigerant flowing through the interior evaporator 18 can absorb heat from the interior air flowing out from the vehicle cabin, even when the outside air temperature is extremely low.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit high stage expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b in a fully closed state, the high stage expansion valve 14c in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, closes the heating valve 22b, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high-pressure side passage 21a, the high-stage expansion valve 14c, and the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the gas phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b flows in the order of the hot gas intermediate pressure passage 21e, the intermediate pressure passage 21c, and the intermediate pressure suction port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the liquid phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b flows in the order of the cooling expansion valve 14d, the indoor evaporator 18, the evaporation pressure control valve 19, the accumulator 23, and the low pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it circulates in the order of the bypass side flow control valve 14f arranged in the bypass passage 21f, the seventh three-way joint 12g, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various components of the heat pump cycle 10, similar to the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 stops the low-temperature side pump 41, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the indoor/outdoor air switching device 53 so that indoor air is introduced as the blown air.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various other components of the indoor air conditioning unit 50, as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- the refrigerant releases heat to the high temperature side heat medium in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. This heats the high temperature side heat medium. Also, just as in the single cooling mode, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the inside air in the indoor evaporator 18.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just like in the single cooling mode.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin, similar to the multistage hot gas heating mode, thereby heating the vehicle cabin.
- the heat of the inside air flowing out from the passenger compartment is absorbed by the refrigerant in the interior evaporator 18, and can be used as a heat source for heating the blown air in the heater core 32. Therefore, in the inside air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode, the heating capacity of the blown air can be improved more than in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- Equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode is selected when the multistage hot gas heating mode is selected and the low-temperature side heat medium temperature TWL detected by the low-temperature side heat medium temperature sensor 63b is equal to or higher than a predetermined reference hot gas heat medium temperature KHTWL.
- the reference hot gas heat medium temperature KHTWL is set to a temperature at which the refrigerant flowing through the chiller 20 can absorb heat from the low-temperature side heat medium even at extremely low outside air temperatures.
- control device 60 In the heat pump cycle 10 in the equipment heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 fully closes the outdoor unit high stage expansion valve 14a, fully closes the outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b, throttles the high stage expansion valve 14c, fully closes the cooling expansion valve 14d, throttles the cooling expansion valve 14e, and throttles the bypass side flow control valve 14f.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, closes the heating valve 22b, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant circuit is switched to one in which the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the multistage hot gas heating mode, as shown by the thick solid lines and arrows in Figure 11.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various components of the heat pump cycle 10, similar to the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 operates the low-temperature side pump 41, just as in the cooling/cooling mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the indoor air conditioning unit 50, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- the refrigerant releases heat to the high-temperature side heat medium in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. This heats the high-temperature side heat medium. Also, just as in the cooling/cooling mode, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the low-temperature side heat medium in the chiller 20.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just as in the single cooling mode.
- the low-temperature side heat medium cooled by the chiller 20 flows through the cooling water passage 70a of the battery 70, just as in the cooling/cooling mode.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin, similar to the multistage hot gas heating mode, thereby heating the vehicle cabin.
- the waste heat of the battery 70 is absorbed by the refrigerant via the low-temperature heat medium in the chiller 20, and can be used as a heat source for heating the blown air in the heater core 32. Therefore, in the equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode, the heating capacity of the blown air can be improved more than in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- Outdoor air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode is selected when the multistage hot gas heating mode is selected and the outdoor air temperature Tam is equal to or higher than a predetermined reference hot gas outdoor air temperature KHTam.
- the reference hot gas outdoor air temperature KHTam is set to a temperature at which the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger 16 can absorb heat from the outdoor air even at an extremely low outdoor air temperature.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit high stage expansion valve 14a in a fully open state, the outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b in a throttled state, the high stage expansion valve 14c in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, closes the heating valve 22b, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the same way as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- the refrigerant flowing out from one outlet of the second three-way joint 12b is switched to a refrigerant circuit that flows in the order of the fully open outdoor unit high stage expansion valve 14a, the heating gas-liquid separator 15a, the outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the low pressure side passage 21d, the accumulator 23, and the low pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b so that the outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature T2 is lower than the outside air temperature Tam.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various other components of the heat pump cycle 10, as in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 stops the low-temperature side pump 41, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the indoor air conditioning unit 50, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- the refrigerant releases heat to the high temperature side heat medium in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. This heats the high temperature side heat medium. Also, just as in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outdoor air in the indoor evaporator 18.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just as in the single cooling mode.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin, similar to the multistage hot gas heating mode, thereby heating the vehicle cabin.
- the heat of the outdoor air is absorbed by the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 16, and can be used as a heat source for heating the blown air in the heater core 32. Therefore, in the outdoor air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode, the heating capacity of the blown air can be improved more than in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment can provide comfortable air conditioning for the vehicle interior and appropriate temperature adjustment for the battery 70, which is an on-board device, by switching the operating mode.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment includes an outdoor unit high-stage expansion valve 14a, a heating gas-liquid separator 15a, an outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b, and an outdoor heat exchanger 16. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode to be executed.
- the heat absorbed from the outdoor air by the outdoor heat exchanger 16 can be used as a heat source for heating. This improves the coefficient of performance (COP) of the cycle, enabling efficient heating to be achieved.
- COP coefficient of performance
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes an intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the single-stage hot gas heating mode can be executed by closing the intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c.
- the flow of refrigerant with a relatively high enthalpy flowing out from the bypass-side flow control valve 14f and the flow of refrigerant with a relatively low enthalpy flowing out from the cooling expansion valve 14e are merged at the seventh three-way joint 12g. This ensures that the low-pressure refrigerant drawn into the low-pressure suction port 11a remains saturated gas-phase refrigerant even if the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 11 is increased, ensuring stable operation of the cycle.
- the heating section can stably heat the blown air using heat generated by the compression work of the compressor 11, without using heat absorbed from the outside air.
- the intake refrigerant pressure Ps is increased more than in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode, so that the density of the low-pressure refrigerant drawn into the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11 is increased, and the discharge refrigerant flow rate (mass flow rate) of the compressor 11 can be increased.
- the compression work of the compressor 11 is increased, and the heating capacity of the blown air in the heating section can be improved more than in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode.
- the low-pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11 is connected to low-pressure side components such as the indoor evaporator 18 and chiller 20. For this reason, in the heat pump cycle 10, the suction refrigerant pressure Ps cannot be increased above the upper limit pressure determined by the pressure resistance of the low-pressure side components.
- one possible way to improve the heating capacity of the heating section is to use low-pressure side components with high pressure resistance, but using low-pressure side components with high pressure resistance will result in a decrease in productivity, such as an increase in the size and weight of the vehicle air conditioner 1.
- the multi-stage hot gas heating mode can be executed by opening the intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c.
- the cycle can be operated stably, just like in the single-stage hot gas heating mode. Therefore, in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode, just like in the single-stage hot gas heating mode, the blown air can be stably heated in the heating section using the heat generated by the compression work of the compressor 11, without using heat absorbed from the outside air.
- the heating section can exert a sufficiently high heating capacity without increasing the pressure of the low pressure refrigerant.
- the compression work L1 of the compressor 11 in the single-stage hot gas heating mode is defined by the following formula F2.
- L1 Gs ⁇ ⁇ Hs ... (F2) 7
- Gs is the suction flow rate (mass flow rate) of the low-pressure refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 from the low-pressure suction port 11a.
- ⁇ Hs is the increase in enthalpy of the low-pressure refrigerant due to the compression work of the compressor 11.
- the compression work L2 of the compressor 11 in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode is defined by the following formula F3.
- L2 Gs ⁇ ⁇ Hs + Ginj ⁇ ⁇ Hm ... (F3) 9
- Ginj is the suction flow rate (mass flow rate) of the intermediate-pressure refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 from the intermediate-pressure suction port 11b.
- ⁇ Hm is the increase in enthalpy of the intermediate-pressure refrigerant due to the compression work of the compressor 11.
- the suction refrigerant pressure Ps is controlled to approach the target low pressure PSO. Therefore, the suction flow rate Gs of the low-pressure refrigerant in the single-stage hot gas heating mode is equivalent to the suction flow rate Gs of the low-pressure refrigerant in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the high-low pressure difference ⁇ P is controlled to approach the target high-low pressure difference ⁇ PO. Therefore, the increase in enthalpy ⁇ Hs of the low-pressure refrigerant in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode shown in FIG. 9 is slightly lower than that in the single-stage hot gas heating mode, but is roughly equivalent to the increase in enthalpy ⁇ Hs of the low-pressure refrigerant in the single-stage hot gas heating mode shown in FIG. 7.
- the reason why the enthalpy increase ⁇ Hs in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode is slightly lower than the enthalpy increase ⁇ Hs in the single-stage hot gas heating mode is because in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode, intermediate-pressure refrigerant with low enthalpy is mixed with the refrigerant during the compression process.
- the work equivalent to the multiplication of the intermediate-pressure refrigerant intake flow rate Ginj and the increase in enthalpy of the intermediate-pressure refrigerant ⁇ Hm is greater than the compression work in the single-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the heating capacity of the heating section can be improved more than in the single-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c is opened.
- the mode is switched from the single-stage hot gas heating mode to the multi-stage hot gas heating mode. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the heating capacity of the blown air from becoming insufficient.
- the throttle opening of the high-stage expansion valve 14c is increased. This makes it possible to increase the pressure of the intermediate-pressure refrigerant and increase the intake flow rate Ginj. This makes it possible to prevent the heating capacity of the blown air from becoming insufficient.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes an exterior heat exchanger 16, a cooling expansion valve 14d, and an interior evaporator 18. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the execution of a cooling mode in which the blown air, which is the object to be cooled, is cooled.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes an exterior heat exchanger 16, a cooling expansion valve 14e, and a chiller 20. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling a cooling/air-conditioning mode to be executed to cool the battery 70, which is the object to be cooled.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes a cooling expansion valve 14d and an interior evaporator 18. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the inside air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode to be executed.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes a cooling expansion valve 14e and a chiller 20. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the device heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode to be executed.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes an outdoor unit low stage expansion valve 14b and an outdoor heat exchanger 16. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the outdoor air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode to be executed.
- the heating gas-liquid separator 15a, the outdoor unit low-stage expansion valve 14b, the heating intermediate pressure passage 21b, the heating on-off valve 22b, the third three-way joint 12c, the hot gas intermediate pressure passage 21e, and the second check valve 17b have been eliminated. Therefore, the intermediate pressure passage 21c of this embodiment connects the gas phase refrigerant outlet of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b to the intermediate pressure intake port 11b.
- the rest of the configuration of the vehicle air conditioner 1 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the outdoor unit high stage side expansion valve 14a described in the first embodiment will be referred to as the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a.
- the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a is the outdoor unit side pressure reducing section.
- control routines are repeated at each predetermined control period, such as reading the detection signal and the operation signal, determining the target blown temperature TAO, selecting the operation mode, and controlling the operation of various controlled devices according to the selected operation mode.
- control routines are repeated at each predetermined control period, such as reading the detection signal and the operation signal, determining the target blown temperature TAO, selecting the operation mode, and controlling the operation of various controlled devices according to the selected operation mode.
- Each operation mode will be described below.
- Cooling Mode In the cooling mode of this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to switch between the single cooling mode and the cooled cooling mode.
- (a-1) Cooling-alone mode In the heat pump cycle 10 in the cooling-alone mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully open state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a fully closed state.
- the control device 60 also closes the high-pressure side valve 22a, opens the intermediate-pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low-pressure side valve 22d. Therefore, in the heat pump cycle 10 in the cooling only mode, the refrigerant circuit is switched to one in which the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the cooling only mode of the first embodiment.
- the single-stage outdoor air heat absorption heating mode is an operation mode corresponding to the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode described in the first embodiment.
- the single-stage outdoor air heat absorption heating mode is selected when heat absorbed from the outdoor air can be used as a heat source for heating.
- the control device 60 places the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a throttled state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a fully closed state.
- the control device 60 also closes the high pressure side valve 22a, closes the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and opens the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it circulates in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the low-pressure side passage 21d, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the control device 60 controls the operation of the other components in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle is configured in which the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 functions as an evaporator.
- the refrigerant releases heat to the high-temperature heat medium, which heats up.
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outside air.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, similar to the first embodiment.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin to heat the vehicle cabin, similar to the first embodiment.
- the single-stage hot gas heating mode is selected when the heat absorbed from the outside air cannot be used as a heat source for heating, or when it is determined that the heating capacity of the blown air in the heater core 32 is insufficient relative to the target heating capacity during execution of the single-stage outside air heat absorption heating mode.
- control device 60 In the heat pump cycle 10 in single-stage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 fully closes the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a, throttles the high-stage expansion valve 14c, fully closes the cooling expansion valve 14d, throttles the cooling expansion valve 14e, and throttles the bypass-side flow control valve 14f.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, closes the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the single-stage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- the multi-stage hot gas heating mode is selected when the heat absorbed from the outside air cannot be used as a heat source for heating, or when it is determined that the heating capacity of the blown air in the heater core 32 is insufficient relative to the target heating capacity while the single-stage hot gas heating mode is being executed.
- control device 60 In the heat pump cycle 10 in the multistage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 fully closes the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a, throttles the high stage expansion valve 14c, fully closes the cooling expansion valve 14d, throttles the cooling expansion valve 14e, and throttles the bypass side flow control valve 14f.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the multistage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- the endothermic multi-stage hot gas heating mode can be executed.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttling state.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the inside air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- (b-3-2) Equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode In the heat pump cycle 10 in the equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a to a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c to a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d to a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e to a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f to a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and closes the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the first embodiment.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a throttled state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the high pressure side valve 22a, the intermediate pressure side valve 22c, and the low pressure side valve 22d.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the first embodiment.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment by switching the operating mode, it is possible to provide comfortable air conditioning for the vehicle cabin and appropriate temperature adjustment for the battery 70, which is an on-board device. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain the same effects as the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode, it is possible to achieve a sufficiently high heating capacity in the heating section without increasing the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant.
- a tenth three-way joint 12j, an eleventh three-way joint 12k, an outdoor unit passage 21g, an outdoor unit on-off valve 22g, and a second high-pressure side on-off valve 22e are added to the second embodiment.
- the high-pressure side on-off valve 22a described in the first embodiment will be referred to as the first high-pressure side on-off valve 22a.
- the tenth three-way joint 12j is disposed in a refrigerant passage extending from the liquid refrigerant outlet of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b to the inlet of the sixth three-way joint 12f.
- the liquid refrigerant outlet side of the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is connected to the inlet of the tenth three-way joint 12j.
- the inlet side of the sixth three-way joint 12f is connected to one of the outlets of the tenth three-way joint 12j.
- the eleventh three-way joint 12k is disposed in a refrigerant passageway extending from one outlet of the second three-way joint 12b to the inlet of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a.
- One inlet of the eleventh three-way joint 12k is connected to one outlet of the second three-way joint 12b.
- the outlet of the eleventh three-way joint 12k is connected to the inlet of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a.
- a second high-pressure side on-off valve 22e is disposed in the refrigerant passageway leading from one outlet of the second three-way joint 12b to one inlet of the eleventh three-way joint 12k.
- the second high-pressure side on-off valve 22e is a refrigerant circuit switching unit that opens and closes the refrigerant passageway leading from one outlet of the second three-way joint 12b to one inlet of the eleventh three-way joint 12k.
- the other outlet of the tenth three-way joint 12j is connected to the other inlet of the eleventh three-way joint 12k.
- the refrigerant passage from the other outlet of the tenth three-way joint 12j to the other inlet of the eleventh three-way joint 12k is the outdoor unit passage 21g, which guides the liquid phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b to the inlet side of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a.
- An outdoor unit opening/closing valve 22g is disposed in the outdoor unit passage 21g.
- the outdoor unit opening/closing valve 22g is a refrigerant circuit switching unit that opens and closes the outdoor unit passage 21g.
- the rest of the configuration of the vehicle air conditioner 1 is the same as in the second embodiment.
- control routines are repeated at each predetermined control period, such as reading the detection signal and the operation signal, determining the target blown temperature TAO, selecting the operation mode, and controlling the operation of various controlled devices according to the selected operation mode.
- control routines are repeated at each predetermined control period, such as reading the detection signal and the operation signal, determining the target blown temperature TAO, selecting the operation mode, and controlling the operation of various controlled devices according to the selected operation mode.
- Each operation mode will be described below.
- Cooling Mode In the cooling mode of this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to switch between the single cooling mode and the cooled cooling mode.
- (a-1) Cooling-alone mode In the heat pump cycle 10 in the cooling-alone mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully open state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a fully closed state.
- the control device 60 also closes the first high-pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate-pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low-pressure side on-off valve 22d, opens the second high-pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g. Therefore, in the heat pump cycle 10 in the single cooling mode, the refrigerant circuit is switched to one in which the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the single cooling mode of the first embodiment.
- (b-1) Outdoor air heat absorption heating mode In the heat pump cycle 10 in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode, the control device 60 throttles the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a, throttles the high stage side expansion valve 14c, fully closes the cooling expansion valve 14d, fully closes the cooling expansion valve 14e, and fully closes the bypass side flow control valve 14f.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, opens the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and opens the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high-pressure side passage 21a, the high-stage expansion valve 14c, and the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the gas phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b flows in the order of the intermediate pressure passage 21c and the intermediate pressure suction port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the liquid phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it flows in the order of the outdoor unit passage 21g, the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the low-pressure side passage 21d, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11.
- control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the high-stage expansion valve 14c so that the degree of subcooling SC1 of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 approaches the reference degree of subcooling KSC1.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a so that the opening becomes the predetermined reference opening for the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the other components in the same way as in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode of the first embodiment.
- a gas injection cycle with a gas-liquid separation system is configured in which the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 functions as an evaporator, similar to the first embodiment.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, similar to the first embodiment.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin to heat the vehicle cabin, similar to the first embodiment.
- (b-2) Single-stage hot gas heating mode
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a fully open state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a throttling state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttling state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, closes the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the single-stage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- (b-3) Multistage hot gas heating mode In the heat pump cycle 10 in the multistage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the multistage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- the endothermic multi-stage hot gas heating mode can be executed.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the inside air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- (b-3-2) Equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode In the heat pump cycle 10 in the equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a to a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c to a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d to a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e to a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f to a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the equipment heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a throttled state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, opens the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and opens the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the same manner as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- the liquid phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is switched to a refrigerant circuit that flows in the following order: outdoor unit passage 21g, outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a, outdoor heat exchanger 16, low pressure side passage 21d, accumulator 23, and low pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a so that the outdoor unit refrigerant temperature T2 is lower than the outside air temperature Tam.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various other components of the heat pump cycle 10, as in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 stops the low-temperature side pump 41, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the indoor air conditioning unit 50, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- the refrigerant releases heat to the high temperature side heat medium in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. This heats the high temperature side heat medium. Also, just as in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outdoor air in the indoor evaporator 18.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just as in the single cooling mode.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin, similar to the multistage hot gas heating mode, thereby heating the vehicle cabin.
- the heat of the outdoor air is absorbed by the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 16, and can be used as a heat source for heating the blown air in the heater core 32. Therefore, in the outdoor air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode, the heating capacity of the blown air can be improved more than in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment by switching the operating mode, it is possible to provide comfortable air conditioning for the vehicle cabin and appropriate temperature adjustment for the battery 70, which is an on-board device. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain the same effects as the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode, it is possible to achieve a sufficiently high heating capacity in the heating section without increasing the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment is equipped with an outdoor unit-side expansion valve 14a, an outdoor heat exchanger 16, and an outdoor unit passage 21g. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode to be executed.
- the COP can be improved and efficient heating can be achieved.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1a of this embodiment includes a heat pump cycle 10a shown in the overall configuration diagram of FIG.
- the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b is eliminated compared to the third embodiment.
- a 13th three-way joint 12m and an internal heat exchanger 24 are added compared to the third embodiment.
- the thirteenth three-way joint 12m branches the flow of refrigerant flowing out from the fifth three-way joint 12e. Therefore, the thirteenth three-way joint 12m is a downstream branching section that branches the flow of refrigerant flowing out from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 during multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- One outlet of the thirteenth three-way joint 12m is connected to the inlet side of the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24.
- the other outlet of the thirteenth three-way joint 12m is connected to the inlet side of the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24.
- a high-stage expansion valve 14c is disposed in the refrigerant passage that connects one outlet of the 13th three-way joint 12m and the inlet of the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24. Therefore, in this embodiment, the high-stage expansion valve 14c serves as a high-stage pressure reduction section that reduces the pressure of one of the refrigerants branched off at the 13th three-way joint 12m.
- the internal heat exchanger 24 has a low-temperature side passage and a high-temperature side passage.
- the low-temperature side passage is a refrigerant passage that circulates the refrigerant decompressed by the high-stage side expansion valve 14c.
- the high-temperature side passage is a refrigerant passage that circulates the other refrigerant branched off at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m. Therefore, the internal heat exchanger 24 is an internal heat exchange section that exchanges heat between the refrigerant decompressed by the high-stage side expansion valve 14c and the other refrigerant branched off at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m.
- the intermediate pressure passage 21c of this embodiment connects the outlet of the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24 to the intermediate pressure intake port 11b.
- the outlet of the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24 is connected to the inlet side of the tenth three-way joint 12j. Therefore, the cooling expansion valve 14d and the cooling expansion valve 14e of this embodiment serve as a low-stage pressure reduction section that reduces the pressure of the other refrigerant branched off at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m and flowing out of the internal heat exchanger 24.
- the rest of the configuration of the vehicle air conditioner 1a is the same as that of the vehicle air conditioner 1 described in the first embodiment.
- a control routine is repeated at each predetermined control cycle, including reading the detection signal and the operation signal, determining the target blown temperature TAO, selecting the operation mode, and controlling the various controlled devices.
- Each operation mode will be described below.
- Cooling Mode In the cooling mode of this embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to switch between the single cooling mode and the cooled cooling mode.
- (a-1) Cooling-alone mode In the heat pump cycle 10a in the cooling-alone mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully open state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a fully closed state.
- the control device 60 also closes the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, opens the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a which is in a fully open state, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, and the thirteenth three-way joint 12m.
- one of the refrigerants branched at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m flows in the order of the high-stage expansion valve 14c, the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the intermediate pressure passage 21c, and the intermediate pressure intake port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the other refrigerant branched at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m is switched to a refrigerant circuit which flows in the order of the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the cooling expansion valve 14d, the indoor evaporator 18, the evaporation pressure adjustment valve 19, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14d so that the degree of subcooling SC2 of the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 approaches a predetermined standard degree of subcooling KSC2.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the high-stage expansion valve 14c so that the degree of subcooling becomes a predetermined standard degree of opening for the cooling mode.
- the standard degree of opening for the cooling mode is determined so that the refrigerant flowing into the intermediate pressure suction port 11b becomes a gas phase refrigerant.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the other components in the same way as in the single cooling mode of the first embodiment.
- a two-stage pressure boost type vapor compression refrigeration cycle is configured in which the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 function as a condenser, and the indoor evaporator 18 functions as an evaporator. More specifically, in the heat pump cycle 10a in the cooling only mode of this embodiment, a so-called internal heat exchange type gas injection cycle is configured.
- the high-temperature heat medium is heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13.
- the refrigerant dissipates heat to the outside air.
- the indoor evaporator 18 the blown air is cooled.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, as in the first embodiment.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin to cool the vehicle cabin, similar to the first embodiment.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the same manner as in the single cooling mode, as shown by the thick solid line and arrows in Fig. 16.
- the other refrigerant branched off at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m is switched to a refrigerant circuit that flows in the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the cooling expansion valve 14e, the chiller 20, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11 in that order.
- the indoor evaporator 18 and the chiller 20 are switched to a refrigerant circuit that is connected in parallel to the flow of refrigerant flowing out of the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24.
- control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14e so that the throttle opening becomes a predetermined throttle opening for the cooling/air-conditioning mode.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the other components in the same manner as in the cooling/air-conditioning mode of the first embodiment.
- the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 function as condensers, and the indoor evaporator 18 and the chiller 20 function as evaporators, forming an internal heat exchange type gas injection cycle.
- the high-temperature heat medium is heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13.
- the refrigerant dissipates heat to the outside air.
- the indoor evaporator 18 the blown air is cooled.
- the chiller 20 the low-temperature heat medium is cooled.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, as in the first embodiment.
- the low-temperature side heat medium cooled by the chiller 20 flows through the cooling water passage 70a of the battery 70, as in the first embodiment. This cools the battery 70.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin to cool the vehicle cabin, similar to the first embodiment.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a throttling state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a fully closed state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, opens the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and opens the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high-pressure side passage 21a, and the 13th three-way joint 12m. Then, one of the refrigerants branched at the 13th three-way joint 12m flows in the order of the high-stage expansion valve 14c, the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the intermediate pressure passage 21c, and the intermediate pressure suction port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the other refrigerant branched at the 13th three-way joint 12m is switched to a refrigerant circuit that flows in the order of the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the outdoor unit passage 21g, the outdoor unit expansion valve 14a, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the low-pressure side passage 21d, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11.
- control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a so that the degree of subcooling SC1 of the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 approaches the reference degree of subcooling KSC1.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the high stage side expansion valve 14c so that the degree of opening becomes a predetermined reference degree for the heating mode.
- the reference degree for the heating mode is determined so that the refrigerant flowing into the intermediate pressure suction port 11b becomes gas phase refrigerant.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the other components in the same way as in the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode of the first embodiment.
- an internal heat exchange type gas injection cycle is configured in which the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 functions as an evaporator.
- the high-temperature heat medium is heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13.
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outside air.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, similar to the first embodiment.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin to heat the vehicle cabin, similar to the first embodiment.
- (b-2) Single-stage hot gas heating mode
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a throttling state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttling state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, closes the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 circulates in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high-pressure side passage 21a, the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the cooling expansion valve 14e, the chiller 20, the seventh three-way joint 12g, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it circulates in the order of the bypass-side flow control valve 14f arranged in the bypass passage 21f, the seventh three-way joint 12g, and the low-pressure suction port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the high-stage expansion valve 14c is fully closed and the outdoor unit opening/closing valve 22g is closed, so that no refrigerant flows through the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24. Therefore, in the single-stage hot gas heating mode, the refrigerant does not exchange heat with the refrigerant flowing through the low-temperature side passage in the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, and the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24 becomes simply a refrigerant passage.
- the refrigerant flows in substantially the same order as in the first embodiment.
- (b-3) Multistage hot gas heating mode In the heat pump cycle 10a in the multistage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high-pressure side passage 21a, and the thirteenth three-way joint 12m.
- one of the refrigerants branched at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m flows in the order of the high-stage expansion valve 14c, the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the intermediate pressure passage 21c, and the intermediate pressure intake port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the other refrigerant branched at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m flows in the order of the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the cooling expansion valve 14e, the chiller 20, the seventh three-way joint 12g, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it circulates in the order of the bypass side flow control valve 14f arranged in the bypass passage 21f, the seventh three-way joint 12g, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the high-stage expansion valve 14c so that the opening becomes the standard opening for the heating mode, similar to the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode.
- the control device 60 controls the operation of the other components in the same way as in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- the flow of high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 is branched at the first three-way joint 12a.
- One of the refrigerants branched at the first three-way joint 12a flows into the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and dissipates heat to the high-temperature side heat medium (from point a20 to point b20 in FIG. 20). This heats the high-temperature side heat medium.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the high-pressure side passage 21a.
- the flow of the refrigerant flowing into the high-pressure side passage 21a is branched at the 13th three-way joint 12m.
- One of the refrigerant branches at the 13th three-way joint 12m flows into the high-stage expansion valve 14c and is reduced in pressure (from point b20 to point c20 in Figure 20).
- the refrigerant flowing out of the high-stage expansion valve 14c flows into the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24. As the refrigerant that flows into the low-temperature side passage flows through the low-temperature side passage, it is heated by heat exchange with the refrigerant flowing through the high-temperature side passage (from point c20 to point e20 in Figure 20).
- the refrigerant that has been heated by flowing through the low-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24 is sucked into the compressor 11 from the intermediate-pressure suction port 11b via the intermediate-pressure passage 21c.
- the intermediate-pressure refrigerant sucked into the intermediate-pressure suction port 11b merges with the refrigerant undergoing the compression process from low pressure to high pressure inside the compressor 11 (point i7 in Figure 9).
- the other refrigerant branched off at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m flows into the high-temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24.
- the refrigerant that flows into the high-temperature side passage flows through the high-temperature side passage, it exchanges heat with the refrigerant flowing through the low-temperature side passage and is cooled (from point b20 to point d20 in Figure 20).
- the low-temperature side pump 41 In multi-stage hot gas heating mode, the low-temperature side pump 41 is stopped, so the refrigerant that flows into the chiller 20 does not exchange heat with the low-temperature side heat medium.
- the other refrigerant branched off at the first three-way joint 12a flows into the bypass passage 21f, as in the single-stage hot gas heating mode, and is depressurized by adjusting the flow rate at the bypass side flow control valve 14f (from point a20 to point h20 in FIG. 20).
- the low-pressure refrigerant with a relatively high enthalpy that has been depressurized at the bypass side flow control valve 14f flows into one inlet of the seventh three-way joint 12g.
- the refrigerant that joins at the seventh three-way joint 12g flows into the accumulator 23 and is separated into gas and liquid.
- the gas-phase refrigerant separated in the accumulator 23 (point g20 in Figure 20) is sucked into the compressor 11 from the low-pressure suction port 11a and compressed.
- the high-temperature side heat medium heated in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 flows into the heater core 32, just as in the single cooling mode.
- the temperature-adjusted ventilation air is blown into the vehicle cabin, similar to the outside air heat absorption heating mode, thereby heating the vehicle cabin.
- the endothermic multi-stage hot gas heating mode can be executed.
- the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a in a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14d in a throttling state, the cooling expansion valve 14e in a fully closed state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f in a throttling state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the order of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, the high pressure side passage 21a, and the thirteenth three-way joint 12m.
- one of the refrigerants branched at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m flows in the order of the high stage expansion valve 14c, the low temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the intermediate pressure passage 21c, and the intermediate pressure intake port 11b of the compressor 11.
- the other refrigerant branched at the thirteenth three-way joint 12m flows in the order of the high temperature side passage of the internal heat exchanger 24, the cooling expansion valve 14d, the indoor evaporator 18, the evaporation pressure control valve 19, the accumulator 23, and the low pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is switched to a refrigerant circuit in which it circulates in the order of the bypass side flow control valve 14f arranged in the bypass passage 21f, the seventh three-way joint 12g, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various components of the heat pump cycle 10a, similar to the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 stops the low-temperature side pump 41, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the indoor/outdoor air switching device 53 so that indoor air is introduced as the blown air.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various other components of the indoor air conditioning unit 50, as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- heating of the vehicle cabin is achieved in the same way as in the inside air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode of the first embodiment.
- (b-3-2) Equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode In the heat pump cycle 10 in the equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a to a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c to a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d to a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e to a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f to a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, closes the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and closes the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant circuit is switched to one in which the refrigerant flows in the same order as in the multistage hot gas heating mode, as shown by the thick solid lines and arrows in Figure 22.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various components of the heat pump cycle 10, similar to the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 operates the low-temperature side pump 41, just as in the cooling/cooling mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the indoor air conditioning unit 50, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- (b-3-3) Outdoor air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode In the heat pump cycle 10a in the outdoor air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode, the control device 60 sets the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a to a fully closed state, the high stage side expansion valve 14c to a throttled state, the cooling expansion valve 14d to a fully closed state, the cooling expansion valve 14e to a throttled state, and the bypass side flow control valve 14f to a throttled state.
- the control device 60 also opens the first high pressure side on-off valve 22a, opens the intermediate pressure side on-off valve 22c, opens the low pressure side on-off valve 22d, closes the second high pressure side on-off valve 22e, and opens the outdoor unit on-off valve 22g.
- the refrigerant discharged from the discharge port 11c of the compressor 11 flows in the same manner as in the multistage hot gas heating mode, as shown by the thick solid lines and arrows in Figure 23.
- the other refrigerant branched at the tenth three-way joint 12j is switched to a refrigerant circuit that flows in the order of the outdoor unit passage 21g, the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the low-pressure side passage 21d, the accumulator 23, and the low-pressure intake port 11a of the compressor 11.
- the control device 60 also controls the throttle opening of the outdoor unit side expansion valve 14a so that the outdoor unit side refrigerant temperature T2 is lower than the outside air temperature Tam.
- the control device 60 also controls the operation of the various other components of the heat pump cycle 10a, as in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 stops the low-temperature side pump 41, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode.
- control device 60 controls the operation of the various components of the indoor air conditioning unit 50, just as in the multistage hot gas heating mode. Furthermore, the control device 60 appropriately controls the operation of other controlled devices.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1a of this embodiment can provide comfortable air conditioning for the vehicle interior and appropriate temperature adjustment for the battery 70, which is an on-board device, by switching the operating mode. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain the same effects as the vehicle air conditioner 1 described in the first embodiment.
- the cycle in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode, can be operated stably, as in the first embodiment. And in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode, the blown air can be stably heated in the heating section using the heat generated by the compression work of the compressor 11, without using heat absorbed from the outside air, as in the single-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the refrigerant heated in the internal heat exchange section 24 is drawn into the intermediate pressure intake port 11b, thereby increasing the compression work of the compressor 11 more than in the single-stage hot gas heating mode. Therefore, the heating section can exert a sufficiently high heating capacity without increasing the pressure of the low pressure refrigerant.
- the heat pump cycle 10a of this embodiment also includes an outdoor unit-side expansion valve 14a, an outdoor heat exchanger 16, and an outdoor unit passage 21g. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1a of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode to be executed. In the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode, as in the first embodiment, the COP can be improved and efficient heating can be achieved.
- the heat pump cycle 10a of this embodiment also includes an exterior heat exchanger 16, a cooling expansion valve 14d, and an interior evaporator 18. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1a of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, so that the cooling mode for cooling the blown air can be executed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the heat pump cycle 10a of this embodiment also includes an exterior heat exchanger 16, a cooling expansion valve 14e, and a chiller 20. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1a of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, so that the vehicle air conditioner 1a can execute a cooling/air-conditioning mode to cool the battery 70, just like the first embodiment.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes a cooling expansion valve 14d and an interior evaporator 18. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the inside air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode to be executed.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes a cooling expansion valve 14e and a chiller 20. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the device heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode to be executed.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment also includes an outdoor unit-side expansion valve 14a and an outdoor heat exchanger 16. Therefore, in the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit switching unit switches the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump cycle 10, thereby enabling the outdoor air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode to be executed.
- the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b and the accumulator 23 are eliminated compared to the third embodiment. Also, in the heat pump cycle 10 of this embodiment, a receiver 25 is added compared to the third embodiment.
- the receiver 25 is a high-pressure side liquid storage section that separates the refrigerant that flows into it into gas and liquid phases and stores the separated liquid phase refrigerant as surplus refrigerant for the cycle.
- the receiver 25 is arranged in the same manner as the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b.
- the outlet side of the high stage expansion valve 14c is connected to the inlet of the receiver 25.
- the inlet side of the intermediate pressure passage 21c is connected to the gas phase refrigerant outlet of the receiver 25.
- the inlet side of the tenth three-way joint 12j is connected to the liquid phase refrigerant outlet of the receiver 25.
- the control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14d so that the superheat degree SHE of the refrigerant on the outlet side of the indoor evaporator 18 approaches a predetermined reference superheat degree KSHE.
- the superheat degree SHE can be determined from the evaporator side refrigerant temperature Te and the evaporator side refrigerant pressure Pe detected by the evaporator side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62d.
- the refrigerant on the outlet side of the indoor evaporator 18 becomes a gas-phase refrigerant having a degree of superheat.
- the enthalpy difference obtained by subtracting the enthalpy of the inlet side refrigerant from the enthalpy of the outlet side refrigerant of the indoor evaporator 18 is increased more than in the third embodiment, thereby improving the cooling capacity of the blown air exerted by the indoor evaporator 18.
- the liquid compression of the compressor 11 can be suppressed.
- control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14d so that the superheat SHE of the refrigerant on the outlet side of the indoor evaporator 18 approaches the reference superheat KSHE.
- the cooling capacity of the blown air exerted by the indoor evaporator 18 can be improved compared to the third embodiment.
- liquid compression of the compressor 11 can be suppressed.
- (b-1) Outdoor air heat absorption heating mode In the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode, in contrast to the outdoor air heat absorption heating mode of the third embodiment, the control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14d so that the superheat degree SH2 of the refrigerant on the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 approaches the reference superheat degree KSH2.
- the refrigerant on the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 becomes a gas-phase refrigerant with a degree of superheat. This makes it possible to increase the amount of heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 16 compared to the first embodiment, thereby improving the heating capacity of the blown air. In addition, liquid compression of the compressor 11 can be suppressed.
- the control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14e so that the superheat degree SHC of the refrigerant flowing out of the seventh three-way joint 12g approaches the reference superheat degree KSHC.
- the superheat degree SHC can be determined from the chiller-side refrigerant temperature Tc and the chiller-side refrigerant pressure Pc detected by the chiller-side refrigerant temperature and pressure sensor 62e.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the seventh three-way joint 12g becomes a gas-phase refrigerant with a degree of superheat. Therefore, liquid compression in the compressor 11 can be suppressed, and the cycle can be operated stably.
- (b-3) Multistage hot gas heating mode In the multistage hot gas heating mode, in contrast to the multistage hot gas heating mode of the third embodiment, the control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14e so that the superheat SHC of the refrigerant flowing out from the seventh three-way joint 12g approaches the reference superheat KSHC.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the seventh three-way joint 12g becomes a gas-phase refrigerant with a degree of superheat. Therefore, liquid compression in the compressor 11 can be suppressed, and the cycle can be operated stably.
- the control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14d so that the superheat SHC of the refrigerant flowing out from the eighth three-way joint 12h approaches the reference superheat K SHC.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the eighth three-way joint 12h becomes a gas-phase refrigerant with a degree of superheat. Therefore, liquid compression in the compressor 11 can be suppressed, and the cycle can be operated stably.
- (b-3-2) Equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode In the equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode, unlike the equipment heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode of the third embodiment, the control device 60 controls the throttle opening of the cooling expansion valve 14e so that the superheat SHC of the refrigerant flowing out from the seventh three-way joint 12g approaches the reference superheat KSHC.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the seventh three-way joint 12g becomes a gas-phase refrigerant with a degree of superheat. Therefore, liquid compression in the compressor 11 can be suppressed, and the cycle can be operated stably.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the seventh three-way joint 12g becomes a gas-phase refrigerant with a degree of superheat. Therefore, liquid compression in the compressor 11 can be suppressed, and the cycle can be operated stably.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 of this embodiment by switching the operating mode, it is possible to provide comfortable air conditioning for the vehicle cabin and appropriate temperature adjustment for the battery 70, which is an on-board device. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain the same effects as the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the multi-stage hot gas heating mode, it is possible to achieve a sufficiently high heating capacity in the heating section without increasing the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant.
- the heat pump cycle device according to the present disclosure was applied to a vehicle air conditioner, but the application of the heat pump cycle device is not limited to vehicle air conditioners.
- it may be applied to an air conditioner that does not adjust the temperature of a heat-generating device and only conditions the air in the space to be air-conditioned.
- it may be applied to a hot water supply device that heats water for daily use, etc., as the object to be heated.
- the temperature of the battery 70 was adjusted as the in-vehicle device to be adjusted in temperature, but the in-vehicle device is not limited to the battery 70.
- the temperature of an inverter, PCU, transaxle, control device for ADAS, etc. may be adjusted.
- the temperature of multiple in-vehicle devices may be adjusted.
- the inverter supplies power to the motor generator, etc.
- the PCU is a power control unit that performs power transformation and power distribution.
- the transaxle is a power transmission mechanism that integrates the transmission, differential gear, etc.
- the control device for ADAS is a control device for advanced driver assistance systems.
- the configuration of the heat pump cycle device according to the present disclosure is not limited to the configuration disclosed in the above embodiment.
- the heating section was formed by the components of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13 and the high-temperature side heat medium circuit 30, but this is not limiting.
- an indoor condenser may be used as the heating unit.
- the indoor condenser is a heat exchange unit for heating the blown air by exchanging heat between one of the discharged refrigerant branches at the first three-way joint 12a and the blown air that has passed through the indoor evaporator 18.
- the indoor condenser may be disposed in the air passage of the indoor air conditioning unit 50 in the same manner as the heater core 32.
- the seventh three-way joint 12g may be eliminated and the end of the bypass passage 21f may be directly connected to the accumulator 23.
- a centrifugal separation type gas-liquid separator was used as the heating gas-liquid separator 15a and the hot gas gas-liquid separator 15b, but this is not limiting.
- a collision type gas-liquid separator may be used.
- a collision type gas-liquid separator has a collision section that causes the refrigerant to collide, and separates the high density liquid phase refrigerant into gas and liquid by dropping it from the refrigerant that has collided with the collision section and slowed down.
- variable throttle mechanism formed of a mechanical mechanism was used as the evaporation pressure adjustment valve 19, but an electric variable throttle mechanism similar to the bypass side flow rate adjustment valve 14f, etc. may also be used as the evaporation pressure adjustment valve 19. Furthermore, if frost does not form on the indoor evaporator 18, the evaporation pressure adjustment valve 19 may be eliminated.
- the evaporation section may be a ventilation heat recovery heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the indoor air flowing out from the room and the refrigerant depressurized in the depressurization section to evaporate the refrigerant.
- a depressurization section that depressurizes the refrigerant flowing into the ventilation heat recovery heat exchanger may be provided. In this way, the refrigerant circuit switching section causes the refrigerant to flow into the heat exchanger for ventilation heat recovery, thereby enabling operation equivalent to the indoor air heat absorption multi-stage hot gas heating mode to be performed.
- multiple cycle components may be integrated.
- a joint part having a four-way joint structure in which the eighth three-way joint 12h and the ninth three-way joint 12i are integrated may be used.
- the intermediate pressure side opening/closing valve 22c was arranged as the intermediate pressure side opening/closing part, but this is not limited to this.
- the intermediate pressure passage 21c may be closed by the full closing function of the high stage side expansion valve 14c.
- the high stage side expansion valve 14c may also function as the intermediate pressure side opening/closing part.
- R1234yf was used as the refrigerant for the heat pump cycle 10, 10a, but this is not limiting.
- R134a, R600a, R410A, R404A, R32, R407C, etc. may be used.
- a mixed refrigerant made by mixing two or more of these refrigerants may be used.
- carbon dioxide may be used as the refrigerant to configure a supercritical refrigeration cycle in which the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure is equal to or higher than the critical pressure of the refrigerant.
- PAG oil i.e., polyalkylene glycol oil
- POE i.e., polyol ester
- an example was described in which an ethylene glycol aqueous solution was used as the heat medium, low-temperature heat medium, and high-temperature heat medium, but this is not limiting.
- a solution containing dimethylpolysiloxane or nanofluid, antifreeze, a water-based liquid refrigerant containing alcohol, or a liquid medium containing oil may be used.
- the group of control sensors connected to the input side of the control device 60 is not limited to the detection units disclosed in the above embodiment. Various detection units may be added as necessary.
- control aspects of the heat pump cycle device according to the present disclosure are not limited to the control aspects disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiments.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1, 1a capable of executing various operation modes has been described, but the heat pump cycle device according to the present disclosure does not need to be capable of executing all of the operation modes described above. As long as it is capable of executing at least the multi-stage hot gas heating mode, it is possible to achieve a sufficiently high heating capacity in the heating section without increasing the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant.
- vehicle air conditioner 1, 1a may be capable of executing other operating modes.
- a dehumidifying and heating mode may be implemented to dehumidify and heat the vehicle interior.
- an equipment cooling mode may be implemented to solely cool the battery 70 without air conditioning the vehicle interior.
- the control device 60 may stop the interior blower 52.
- a dehumidifying and heating mode may be implemented in which the blown air that has been cooled and dehumidified in the interior evaporator 18 is reheated in the heater core 32 and blown out into the vehicle interior.
- the high-temperature heat medium that flows into the heater core 32 may be heat absorbed from the outside air by the refrigerant in the exterior heat exchanger 16.
- a series dehumidifying heating mode may be implemented in which the flow of refrigerant flowing out from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, which is the heating unit, is switched to a refrigerant circuit that connects the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the indoor evaporator 18 in series.
- a parallel dehumidifying heating mode may be implemented in which the flow of refrigerant flowing out from the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 13, which is the heating unit, is switched to a refrigerant circuit that connects the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the indoor evaporator 18 in parallel.
- the endothermic multistage hot gas heating mode it may be possible to execute a composite endothermic multistage hot gas heating mode in which the refrigerant absorbs heat from the inside air while simultaneously absorbing waste heat from the battery 70.
- both the cooling expansion valve 14d and the cooling expansion valve 14e may be throttled.
- the heat pump cycle device disclosed in this specification has the following features.
- a compressor (11) that compresses a low-pressure refrigerant sucked through a low-pressure suction port (11a) and discharges it from a discharge port (11c), and that causes an intermediate-pressure refrigerant sucked through an intermediate-pressure suction port (11b) to merge with the low-pressure refrigerant in the process of being compressed;
- an upstream branch portion (12a) that branches the flow of the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the discharge port;
- a heating section (13, 30) that heats an object to be heated using one of the high-pressure refrigerants branched at the upstream branch section as a heat source;
- a high-stage side pressure reduction section (14c) that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out from the heating section;
- a hot gas gas-liquid separation section (15b) for separating the refrigerant flowing out from the high-stage side pressure reduction section into gas and liquid;
- a compressor (11) that compresses a low-pressure refrigerant sucked through a low-pressure suction port (11a) and discharges it from a discharge port (11c), and that causes an intermediate-pressure refrigerant sucked through an intermediate-pressure suction port (11b) to merge with the low-pressure refrigerant in the process of being compressed;
- an upstream branch portion (12a) that branches the flow of the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the discharge port; a heating section (13, 30) that heats an object to be heated using one of the high-pressure refrigerants branched at the upstream branch section as a heat source;
- a downstream branching section (12m) that branches the flow of the refrigerant flowing out from the heating section; a high-stage pressure reduction section (14c) that reduces the pressure of one of the refrigerants branched at the downstream branch section;
- an internal heat exchange section (24) for exchanging heat between the refrigerant flowing out from the high-stage side pressure reduction
- a refrigerant circuit switching unit (22a...22e, 22g) is provided to switch the refrigerant circuit through which the refrigerant circulates, the refrigerant circuit switching unit has an intermediate pressure side opening/closing unit (22c) that opens and closes an intermediate pressure passage (21c) that guides the refrigerant to the intermediate pressure suction port side, 3.
- the heat pump cycle apparatus according to item 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate pressure side opening/closing unit closes the intermediate pressure passage in a single stage hot gas heating mode in which the heating unit heats the object to be heated.
- a target temperature determination unit 60e that determines a target temperature (TAO) of the object to be heated;
- the heat pump cycle apparatus according to item 3, wherein the intermediate pressure side opening/closing unit opens the intermediate pressure passage when the object temperature (TAV) is lower than the target temperature (TAO).
- an outdoor unit high stage side pressure reduction section (14a) that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant
- a heating gas-liquid separation section (15a) for separating the refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor unit high stage side decompression section into gas and liquid
- an outdoor unit low-stage side pressure reduction section (14b) that reduces the pressure of the liquid-phase refrigerant separated in the heating gas-liquid separation section
- an outdoor heat exchange section (16) for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air
- a refrigerant circuit switching unit (22a...22d) that switches the refrigerant circuit through which the refrigerant circulates,
- the refrigerant circuit switching unit is The heat pump cycle apparatus according to item 1, wherein the refrigerant circuit is switched so that, during an outdoor air heat absorption heating mode in which the heating section heats the object to be heated, the refrigerant flowing out from the heating section is guided to the outdoor unit high-stage pressure reduction section, the gas-phase refrigerant separated in the heating gas-liquid
- the refrigerant circuit switching unit is The heat pump cycle apparatus according to item 1, wherein the refrigerant circuit is switched so that, during an outdoor air heat absorption heating mode in which the heating section heats the object to be heated, the gas phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separation section is guided to the intermediate pressure suction port side, the liquid phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separation section is guided to the inlet side of the outdoor unit side pressure reduction section via the outdoor unit passage, the refrigerant depressurized
- the refrigerant circuit switching unit is The heat pump cycle apparatus according to item 2, wherein during an outdoor air heat absorption heating mode in which the heating object is heated by the heating section, the refrigerant heated in the internal heat exchange section is guided to the intermediate pressure intake port side, the refrigerant cooled in the internal heat exchange section is guided to the inlet side of the outdoor unit side pressure reduction section via the outdoor unit passage, and the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchange section is guided to the low pressure intake port side, is switched between refrigerant circuits.
- the refrigerant circuit switching unit is 6.
- the heat pump cycle apparatus wherein, during a cooling mode for cooling an object to be cooled, the refrigerant flowing out of the heating section is guided to the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat exchange section, the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchange section is guided to the inlet side of the high-stage side pressure reduction section, the gas-phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separation section is guided to the intermediate pressure suction port side, the refrigerant depressurized in the low-stage side pressure reduction section is guided to the refrigerant inlet side of the evaporator section, and the refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator section is guided to the low-pressure suction port side, the refrigerant (Item 9) an evaporation section (18, 20) that evaporates the refrigerant decompressed in the low-stage side decompression section; a refrigerant circuit switching unit (22a...22g) that switches the refrigerant circuit through which the refrigerant circulates
- the refrigerant circuit switching unit is The heat pump cycle apparatus according to item 2, wherein the refrigerant circuit is switched so that, during a cooling mode for cooling an object to be cooled, the refrigerant flowing out of the heating section is guided to the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat exchange section, the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchange section is guided to the inlet side of the downstream branch section, the refrigerant heated in the internal heat exchange section is guided to the intermediate pressure suction port side, the refrigerant depressurized in the low stage side pressure reduction section is guided to the refrigerant inlet side of the evaporator section, and the refrigerant flowing out of the
- the refrigerant circuit switching unit is 11.
- the heat pump cycle apparatus wherein during a heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode in which the heating section heats the object to be heated, the refrigerant heated in the internal heat exchange section is guided to the intermediate pressure suction port side, the refrigerant cooled in the internal heat exchange section is depressurized in the low stage side depressurization section, and the refrigerant flowing out from the junction section is guided to the low pressure suction port side.
- a high-stage side pressure reduction control unit (60d) for controlling the operation of the high-stage side pressure reduction unit;
- a target temperature determination unit (60e) that determines a target temperature (TAO) of the object to be heated;
- a heating object temperature detection unit (65) for detecting an object temperature (TAV) of the heating object,
- the heat pump cycle apparatus according to any one of items 1, 5, 6, 8, and 9, wherein the high-stage side pressure reduction control unit increases the throttle opening of the high-stage side pressure reduction unit when the object temperature (TAV) is lower than the target temperature (TAO) during the multi-stage hot gas heating mode.
- the refrigerant circuit switching unit is A heat pump cycle apparatus according to any one of items 1, 5, 6, 8, and 9, wherein, during an outdoor air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode in which the heating section heats the object to be heated, during a multistage hot gas heating mode in which the heating section heats the object to be heated, the gas phase refrigerant separated in the hot gas gas-liquid separation section is guided to the intermediate pressure suction port side, and the refrigerant flowing out from the junction section and the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchange section are guided to the low pressure suction port side.
- the refrigerant circuit switching unit is A heat pump cycle apparatus according to any one of items 2, 10, and 11, wherein, during an outdoor air heat absorption multistage hot gas heating mode in which the heating object is heated by the heating section, during a multistage hot gas heating mode in which the heating object is heated by the heating section, the refrigerant heated in the internal heat exchange section is guided to the intermediate pressure intake port side, and the refrigerant flowing out from the confluence section and the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchange section are guided to the low pressure intake port side.
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Abstract
Description
図1~図12を用いて、本開示に係るヒートポンプサイクル装置の第1実施形態を説明する。本実施形態では、本開示に係るヒートポンプサイクル装置を、電気自動車に搭載された車両用空調装置1に適用している。電気自動車は、走行用の駆動力を電動モータから得る車両である。車両用空調装置1は、空調対象空間である車室内の空調を行うとともに、車載機器の温度調整を行う。従って、車両用空調装置1は、車載機器温度調整機能付きの空調装置、あるいは、空調機能付きの車載機器温度調整装置と呼ぶことができる。
TAO=Kset×Tset-Kr×Tr-Kam×Tam-Ks×As+C…(F1)
Tsetは、温度設定スイッチによって設定された車室内の設定温度である。Trは、内気温センサ61aによって検出された内気温である。Tamは、外気温センサ61bによって検出された外気温である。Asは、日射量センサ61cによって検出された日射量である。Kset、Kr、Kam、Ksは制御ゲインであり、Cは補正用の定数である。
冷房モードは、冷却された送風空気を車室内へ吹き出すことによって、車室内の冷房を行う運転モードである。冷房モードは、オートスイッチおよびエアコンスイッチが投入された状態で、外気温Tamが比較的高くなっている際や、目標吹出温度TAOが比較的低い値になっている際に選択されやすい。
単独冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器高段側膨張弁14aを全開状態とし、室外器低段側膨張弁14bを全開状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを減圧作用を発揮する絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを絞り状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを全閉状態とする。
冷却冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、単独冷房モードに対して、制御装置60が、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とする。
暖房モードは、加熱された送風空気を車室内へ吹き出すことによって、車室内の暖房を行う運転モードである。暖房モードは、オートスイッチが投入された状態で、外気温Tamが比較的低くなっている際や、目標吹出温度TAOが比較的高い値になっている際に選択されやすい。
外気吸熱暖房モードは、外気から吸熱した熱を暖房用の熱源として用いることが可能であれば、単段ホットガス加熱モードおよび多段ホットガス加熱モードに対して優先的に選択される。
単段ホットガス暖房モードは、極低外気温時のように、外気から暖房用の熱源となる熱を吸熱しにくい場合や、外気吸熱暖房モードの実行中に、ヒータコア32における送風空気の加熱能力が目標加熱能力に対して不足していると判定された場合に選択される。
多段ホットガス暖房モードは、単段ホットガス暖房モードの実行中に、ヒータコア32における送風空気の加熱能力が目標加熱能力に対して不足していると判定された場合に選択される。
内気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードは、多段ホットガス暖房モードが選択された場合であって、かつ、内気温Trが予め定めた基準ホットガス内気温KHTr以上となっている場合に選択される。基準ホットガス内気温KHTrは、極低外気温時であっても、室内蒸発器18を流通する冷媒が、車室内から流出した内気から吸熱可能な温度に設定されている。
機器吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードは、多段ホットガス暖房モードが選択された場合であって、かつ、低温側熱媒体温度センサ63bによって検出された低温側熱媒体温度TWLが予め定めた基準ホットガス熱媒体温度KHTWL以上となっている場合に選択される。基準ホットガス熱媒体温度KHTWLは、極低外気温時であっても、チラー20を流通する冷媒が、低温側熱媒体から吸熱可能な温度に設定されている。
外気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードは、多段ホットガス暖房モードが選択された場合であって、かつ、外気温Tamが予め定めた基準ホットガス外気温KHTam以上となっている場合に選択される。基準ホットガス外気温KHTamは、極低外気温時であっても、室外熱交換器16を流通する冷媒が、外気から吸熱可能な温度に設定されている。
L1=Gs×ΔHs…(F2)
Gsは、図7に示すように、低圧吸入口11aから圧縮機11へ吸入される低圧冷媒の吸入流量(質量流量)である。ΔHsは、圧縮機11の圧縮仕事による低圧冷媒のエンタルピの増加量である。
L2=Gs×ΔHs+Ginj×ΔHm…(F3)
Ginjは、図9に示すように、中間圧吸入口11bから圧縮機11へ吸入される中間圧冷媒の吸入流量(質量流量)である。ΔHmは、圧縮機11の圧縮仕事による中間圧冷媒のエンタルピの増加量である。
本実施形態の車両用空調装置1では、図13の全体構成図に示すように、第1実施形態に対して、ヒートポンプサイクル10の構成を簡略化した例を説明する。図13には、後述する単段外気吸熱暖房モードにおける冷媒の流れを太実線および矢印で示している。
本実施形態の冷房モードでは、第1実施形態と同様に、単独冷房モード、および冷却冷房モードを切り替えることができる。
単独冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全開状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを絞り状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを全閉状態とする。
冷却冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、単独冷房モードに対して、制御装置60が、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とする。このため、冷却冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、第1実施形態の冷却冷房モードと同様の順に冷媒が流れる冷媒回路に切り替えられる。
本実施形態の冷房モードでは、単段外気吸熱暖房モード、単段ホットガス暖房モード、および多段ホットガス暖房モードを切り替えることができる。
単段外気吸熱暖房モードは、第1実施形態で説明した外気吸熱暖房モードに対応する運転モードである。単段外気吸熱暖房モードは、外気から吸熱した熱を暖房用の熱源として用いることが可能な場合に選択される。
単段ホットガス暖房モードは、第1実施形態と同様に、外気から吸熱した熱を暖房用の熱源として用いることができない場合や、単段外気吸熱暖房モードの実行中に、ヒータコア32における送風空気の加熱能力が目標加熱能力に対して不足していると判定された場合に選択される。
多段ホットガス暖房モードは、第1実施形態と同様に、外気から吸熱した熱を暖房用の熱源として用いることができない場合や、単段ホットガス暖房モードの実行中に、ヒータコア32における送風空気の加熱能力が目標加熱能力に対して不足していると判定された場合に選択される。
内気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを絞り状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
機器吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
外気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを絞り状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
本実施形態の車両用空調装置1では、図14等の全体構成図に示すように、第2実施形態に対して、ヒートポンプサイクル10の構成を変更した例を説明する。
本実施形態の冷房モードでは、第1実施形態と同様に、単独冷房モード、および冷却冷房モードを切り替えることができる。
単独冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全開状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを絞り状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを全閉状態とする。
冷却冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、単独冷房モードに対して、制御装置60が、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とする。このため、冷却冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、第1実施形態の冷却冷房モードと同様の順に冷媒が流れる冷媒回路に切り替えられる。
本実施形態の暖房モードでは、第1実施形態と同様に、外気吸熱暖房モード、単段ホットガス暖房モード、および多段ホットガス暖房モードを切り替えることができる。
外気吸熱暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを絞り状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを全閉状態とする。
単段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを全開状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
内気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを絞り状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
機器吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
外気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを絞り状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
本実施形態の車両用空調装置1aは、図16等の全体構成図に示すヒートポンプサイクル10aを備えている。
本実施形態の冷房モードでは、第1実施形態と同様に、単独冷房モード、および冷却冷房モードを切り替えることができる。
単独冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10aでは、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全開状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを絞り状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを全閉状態とする。
冷却冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10aでは、単独冷房モードに対して、制御装置60が、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とする。
本実施形態の暖房モードでは、第1実施形態と同様に、外気吸熱暖房モード、単段ホットガス暖房モード、および多段ホットガス暖房モードを切り替えることができる。
単独冷房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10aでは、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを絞り状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを全閉状態とする。
単段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10aでは、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを全閉状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10aでは、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
内気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを絞り状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを全閉状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
機器吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10では、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
外気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードのヒートポンプサイクル10aでは、制御装置60が、室外器側膨張弁14aを全閉状態とし、高段側膨張弁14cを絞り状態とし、冷房用膨張弁14dを全閉状態とし、冷却用膨張弁14eを絞り状態とし、バイパス側流量調整弁14fを絞り状態とする。
本実施形態の車両用空調装置1では、図24の全体構成図に示すように、第3実施形態に対して、ヒートポンプサイクル10の構成を変更した例を説明する。
単独冷房モードでは、第3実施形態の単独冷房モードに対して、制御装置60が、室内蒸発器18の出口側冷媒の過熱度SHEが、予め定めた基準過熱度KSHEに近づくように、冷房用膨張弁14dの絞り開度を制御する。過熱度SHEは、蒸発器側冷媒温度圧力センサ62dによって検出された蒸発器側冷媒温度Teおよび蒸発器側冷媒圧力Peから決定することができる。
冷却冷房モードでは、第3実施形態の冷却冷房モードに対して、制御装置60が、室内蒸発器18の出口側冷媒の過熱度SHEが基準過熱度KSHEに近づくように、冷房用膨張弁14dの絞り開度を制御する。
外気吸熱暖房モードでは、第3実施形態の外気吸熱暖房モードに対して、制御装置60が、室外熱交換器16の出口側冷媒の過熱度SH2が基準過熱度KSH2に近づくように、冷房用膨張弁14dの絞り開度を制御する。
単段ホットガス暖房モードでは、第3実施形態の単段ホットガス暖房モードに対して、制御装置60が、第7三方継手12gから流出した冷媒の過熱度SHCが基準過熱度KSHCに近づくように、冷却用膨張弁14eの絞り開度を制御する。過熱度SHCは、チラー側冷媒温度圧力センサ62eによって検出されたチラー側冷媒温度Tcおよびチラー側冷媒圧力Pcから決定することができる。
多段ホットガス暖房モードでは、第3実施形態の多段ホットガス暖房モードに対して、制御装置60が、第7三方継手12gから流出した冷媒の過熱度SHCが基準過熱度KSHCに近づくように、冷却用膨張弁14eの絞り開度を制御する。
内気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードでは、第3実施形態の内気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードに対して、制御装置60が、第8三方継手12hから流出した冷媒の過熱度SHCが基準過熱度KSHCに近づくように、冷房用膨張弁14dの絞り開度を制御する。
機器吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードでは、第3実施形態の機器吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードに対して、制御装置60が、第7三方継手12gから流出した冷媒の過熱度SHCが基準過熱度KSHCに近づくように、冷却用膨張弁14eの絞り開度を制御する。
外気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードでは、第3実施形態の外気吸熱多段ホットガス暖房モードに対して、制御装置60が、第7三方継手12gから流出した冷媒の過熱度SHCが基準過熱度KSHCに近づくように、冷却用膨張弁14eの絞り開度を制御する。
(項目1)
低圧吸入口(11a)から吸入した低圧冷媒を圧縮して吐出口(11c)から吐出するとともに、中間圧吸入口(11b)から吸入した中間圧冷媒を圧縮過程の前記低圧冷媒に合流させる圧縮機(11)と、
前記吐出口から吐出された高圧冷媒の流れを分岐する上流側分岐部(12a)と、
前記上流側分岐部にて分岐された一方の前記高圧冷媒を熱源として加熱対象物を加熱する加熱部(13、30)と、
前記加熱部から流出した冷媒を減圧させる高段側減圧部(14c)と、
前記高段側減圧部から流出した前記冷媒の気液を分離するホットガス用気液分離部(15b)と、
前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒を減圧させる低段側減圧部(14d、14e)と、
前記上流側分岐部にて分岐された他方の前記高圧冷媒を前記低圧吸入口側へ導くバイパス通路(21f)と、
前記バイパス通路を流通する前記冷媒の流量を調整するバイパス側流量調整部(14f)と、
前記バイパス側流量調整部から流出した前記冷媒の流れと前記低段側減圧部から流出した前記冷媒の流れとを合流させる合流部(12g、12h)と、を備え、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目2)
低圧吸入口(11a)から吸入した低圧冷媒を圧縮して吐出口(11c)から吐出するとともに、中間圧吸入口(11b)から吸入した中間圧冷媒を圧縮過程の前記低圧冷媒に合流させる圧縮機(11)と、
前記吐出口から吐出された高圧冷媒の流れを分岐する上流側分岐部(12a)と、
前記上流側分岐部にて分岐された一方の前記高圧冷媒を熱源として加熱対象物を加熱する加熱部(13、30)と、
前記加熱部から流出した冷媒の流れを分岐する下流側分岐部(12m)と、
前記下流側分岐部にて分岐された一方の前記冷媒を減圧させる高段側減圧部(14c)と、
前記高段側減圧部から流出した前記冷媒と前記下流側分岐部にて分岐された他方の前記冷媒とを熱交換させる内部熱交換部(24)と、
前記下流側分岐部にて分岐された他方の前記冷媒であって、前記内部熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒を減圧させる低段側減圧部(14d、14e)と、
前記上流側分岐部にて分岐された他方の前記高圧冷媒を前記低圧吸入口側へ導くバイパス通路(21f)と、
前記バイパス通路を流通する前記冷媒の流量を調整するバイパス側流量調整部(14f)と、
前記バイパス側流量調整部から流出した前記冷媒の流れと前記低段側減圧部から流出した前記冷媒の流れとを合流させる合流部(12g、12h)と、を備え、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目3)
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22e、22g)を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、前記冷媒を前記中間圧吸入口側へ導く中間圧通路(21c)を開閉する中間圧側開閉部(22c)を有し、
前記中間圧側開閉部は、前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する単段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記中間圧通路を閉じる項目1または2に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目4)
前記加熱対象物の目標温度(TAO)を決定する目標温度決定部(60e)と、
前記加熱対象物の対象物温度(TAV)を検出する加熱対象物温度検出部(65)と、を備え、
前記中間圧側開閉部は、前記対象物温度(TAV)が前記目標温度(TAO)よりも低くなっている際に、前記中間圧通路を開く項目3に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目5)
前記冷媒を減圧させる室外器高段側減圧部(14a)と、
前記室外器高段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒の気液を分離する加熱用気液分離部(15a)と、
前記加熱用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒を減圧させる室外器低段側減圧部(14b)と、
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22d)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する外気吸熱加熱モード時に、前記加熱部から流出した前記冷媒が前記室外器高段側減圧部へ導かれ、前記加熱用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記室外器低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒が前記室外熱交換部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える項目1に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目6)
前記冷媒を減圧させる室外器側減圧部(14a)と、
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒を前記室外器側減圧部の入口側へ導く室外器用通路(21g)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する外気吸熱加熱モード時に、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒が前記室外器用通路を介して前記室外器側減圧部の入口側へ導かれ、前記室外器側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒が前記室外熱交換部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える項目1に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目7)
前記冷媒を減圧させる室外器側減圧部(14a)と、
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記内部熱交換部にて冷却された前記冷媒を前記室外器側減圧部の入口側へ導く室外器用通路(21g)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する外気吸熱加熱モード時に、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記内部熱交換部にて冷却された前記冷媒が前記室外器用通路を介して前記室外器側減圧部の入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える項目2に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目8)
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部(18、20)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
冷却対象物を冷却する冷却モード時に、前記加熱部から流出した前記冷媒が前記室外熱交換部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記高段側減圧部の入口側へ導かれ、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒が前記蒸発部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記蒸発部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える項目1または5に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目9)
前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部(18、20)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する吸熱多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒が前記低段側減圧部にて減圧され、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える項目1、5、8のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目10)
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部(18、20)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
冷却対象物を冷却する冷却モード時に前記加熱部から流出した前記冷媒が前記室外熱交換部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記下流側分岐部の流入口側へ導かれ、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒が前記蒸発部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記蒸発部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える項目2に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目11)
前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部(18、20)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する吸熱多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記内部熱交換部にて冷却された前記冷媒が前記低段側減圧部にて減圧され、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える項目2または10に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目12)
前記高段側減圧部の作動を制御する高段側減圧制御部(60d)と、
前記加熱対象物の目標温度(TAO)を決定する目標温度決定部(60e)と、
前記加熱対象物の対象物温度(TAV)を検出する加熱対象物温度検出部(65)と、を備え、
前記高段側減圧制御部は、前記多段ホットガス加熱モード時であって、前記対象物温度(TAV)が前記目標温度(TAO)より低くなっている際に、前記高段側減圧部の絞り開度を増加させる項目1、5、6、8、9のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目13)
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記加熱部から流出した冷媒を減圧させて前記室外熱交換部の入口側へ流出させる室外器側減圧部(14a、14b)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する外気吸熱多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒および前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれる項目1、5、6、8、9のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
(項目14)
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記加熱部から流出した冷媒を減圧させて前記室外熱交換部の入口側へ流出させる室外器側減圧部(14a)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する外気吸熱多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒および前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれる項目2、10、11のいずれか1つに記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
Claims (12)
- 低圧吸入口(11a)から吸入した低圧冷媒を圧縮して吐出口(11c)から吐出するとともに、中間圧吸入口(11b)から吸入した中間圧冷媒を圧縮過程の前記低圧冷媒に合流させる圧縮機(11)と、
前記吐出口から吐出された高圧冷媒の流れを分岐する上流側分岐部(12a)と、
前記上流側分岐部にて分岐された一方の前記高圧冷媒を熱源として加熱対象物を加熱する加熱部(13、30)と、
前記加熱部から流出した冷媒を減圧させる高段側減圧部(14c)と、
前記高段側減圧部から流出した前記冷媒の気液を分離するホットガス用気液分離部(15b)と、
前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒を減圧させる低段側減圧部(14d、14e)と、
前記上流側分岐部にて分岐された他方の前記高圧冷媒を前記低圧吸入口側へ導くバイパス通路(21f)と、
前記バイパス通路を流通する前記冷媒の流量を調整するバイパス側流量調整部(14f)と、
前記バイパス側流量調整部から流出した前記冷媒の流れと前記低段側減圧部から流出した前記冷媒の流れとを合流させる合流部(12g、12h)と、を備え、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 低圧吸入口(11a)から吸入した低圧冷媒を圧縮して吐出口(11c)から吐出するとともに、中間圧吸入口(11b)から吸入した中間圧冷媒を圧縮過程の前記低圧冷媒に合流させる圧縮機(11)と、
前記吐出口から吐出された高圧冷媒の流れを分岐する上流側分岐部(12a)と、
前記上流側分岐部にて分岐された一方の前記高圧冷媒を熱源として加熱対象物を加熱する加熱部(13、30)と、
前記加熱部から流出した冷媒の流れを分岐する下流側分岐部(12m)と、
前記下流側分岐部にて分岐された一方の前記冷媒を減圧させる高段側減圧部(14c)と、
前記高段側減圧部から流出した前記冷媒と前記下流側分岐部にて分岐された他方の前記冷媒とを熱交換させる内部熱交換部(24)と、
前記下流側分岐部にて分岐された他方の前記冷媒であって、前記内部熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒を減圧させる低段側減圧部(14d、14e)と、
前記上流側分岐部にて分岐された他方の前記高圧冷媒を前記低圧吸入口側へ導くバイパス通路(21f)と、
前記バイパス通路を流通する前記冷媒の流量を調整するバイパス側流量調整部(14f)と、
前記バイパス側流量調整部から流出した前記冷媒の流れと前記低段側減圧部から流出した前記冷媒の流れとを合流させる合流部(12g、12h)と、を備え、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22e、22g)を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、前記冷媒を前記中間圧吸入口側へ導く中間圧通路(21c)を開閉する中間圧側開閉部(22c)を有し、
前記中間圧側開閉部は、前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する単段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記中間圧通路を閉じる請求項1または2に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記加熱対象物の目標温度(TAO)を決定する目標温度決定部(60e)と、
前記加熱対象物の対象物温度(TAV)を検出する加熱対象物温度検出部(65)と、を備え、
前記中間圧側開閉部は、前記対象物温度(TAV)が前記目標温度(TAO)よりも低くなっている際に、前記中間圧通路を開く請求項3に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒を減圧させる室外器高段側減圧部(14a)と、
前記室外器高段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒の気液を分離する加熱用気液分離部(15a)と、
前記加熱用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒を減圧させる室外器低段側減圧部(14b)と、
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22d)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する外気吸熱加熱モード時に、前記加熱部から流出した前記冷媒が前記室外器高段側減圧部へ導かれ、前記加熱用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記室外器低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒が前記室外熱交換部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える請求項1に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒を減圧させる室外器側減圧部(14a)と、
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒を前記室外器側減圧部の入口側へ導く室外器用通路(21g)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する外気吸熱加熱モード時に、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒が前記室外器用通路を介して前記室外器側減圧部の入口側へ導かれ、前記室外器側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒が前記室外熱交換部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える請求項1に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒を減圧させる室外器側減圧部(14a)と、
前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記内部熱交換部にて冷却された前記冷媒を前記室外器側減圧部の入口側へ導く室外器用通路(21g)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する外気吸熱加熱モード時に、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記内部熱交換部にて冷却された前記冷媒が前記室外器用通路を介して前記室外器側減圧部の入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える請求項2に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部(18、20)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
冷却対象物を冷却する冷却モード時に、前記加熱部から流出した前記冷媒が前記室外熱交換部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記高段側減圧部の入口側へ導かれ、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒が前記蒸発部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記蒸発部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える請求項1に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部(18、20)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する吸熱多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された気相冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記ホットガス用気液分離部にて分離された液相冷媒が前記低段側減圧部にて減圧され、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える請求項1に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換部(16)と、
前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部(18、20)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
冷却対象物を冷却する冷却モード時に前記加熱部から流出した前記冷媒が前記室外熱交換部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記室外熱交換部から流出した前記冷媒が前記下流側分岐部の流入口側へ導かれ、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒が前記蒸発部の冷媒入口側へ導かれ、前記蒸発部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える請求項2に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記低段側減圧部にて減圧された前記冷媒を蒸発させる蒸発部(18、20)と、
前記冷媒が循環する冷媒回路を切り替える冷媒回路切替部(22a…22g)と、を備え、
前記冷媒回路切替部は、
前記加熱部にて前記加熱対象物を加熱する吸熱多段ホットガス加熱モード時に、前記内部熱交換部にて加熱された前記冷媒が前記中間圧吸入口側へ導かれ、前記内部熱交換部にて冷却された前記冷媒が前記低段側減圧部にて減圧され、前記合流部から流出した前記冷媒が前記低圧吸入口側へ導かれるように冷媒回路を切り替える請求項2に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。 - 前記高段側減圧部の作動を制御する高段側減圧制御部(60d)と、
前記加熱対象物の目標温度(TAO)を決定する目標温度決定部(60e)と、
前記加熱対象物の対象物温度(TAV)を検出する加熱対象物温度検出部(65)と、を備え、
前記高段側減圧制御部は、前記多段ホットガス加熱モード時であって、前記対象物温度(TAV)が前記目標温度(TAO)より低くなっている際に、前記高段側減圧部の絞り開度を増加させる請求項1に記載のヒートポンプサイクル装置。
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| WO2013145537A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用の空調装置 |
| JP2015137779A (ja) * | 2014-01-21 | 2015-07-30 | 株式会社デンソー | ヒートポンプサイクル |
| JP2020176824A (ja) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-29 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP2021156567A (ja) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-10-07 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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| WO2013145537A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-03 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用の空調装置 |
| JP2015137779A (ja) * | 2014-01-21 | 2015-07-30 | 株式会社デンソー | ヒートポンプサイクル |
| JP2020176824A (ja) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-29 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP2021156567A (ja) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-10-07 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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