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WO2024060159A1 - 一种通信方法、相关装置、可读存储介质以及芯片系统 - Google Patents

一种通信方法、相关装置、可读存储介质以及芯片系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024060159A1
WO2024060159A1 PCT/CN2022/120681 CN2022120681W WO2024060159A1 WO 2024060159 A1 WO2024060159 A1 WO 2024060159A1 CN 2022120681 W CN2022120681 W CN 2022120681W WO 2024060159 A1 WO2024060159 A1 WO 2024060159A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pilot
terminal device
information
parameter
network device
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/120681
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王婷
任红
唐浩
潘存华
高娜
彭麒豪
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2022/120681 priority Critical patent/WO2024060159A1/zh
Priority to CN202280097650.5A priority patent/CN119487785A/zh
Publication of WO2024060159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024060159A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to a communication method, related devices, readable storage media and chip systems.
  • Ultra-reliability low latency communication as one of the three major application scenarios of the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G), is a typical scenario for autonomous driving, A wide range of applications in industrial manufacturing, Internet of Vehicles, and smart grids are critical. URLLC has different requirements for latency, reliability, and bandwidth in different scenarios. In order to meet the latency and reliability requirements of various scenarios, it is necessary to determine the relevant parameters of the pilot in the communication system for data transmission.
  • the current method for configuring pilot-related parameters is not flexible enough and may not be able to meet the needs of services that require high latency and reliability, such as URLLC services.
  • This application provides a communication method, related devices, readable storage media, and a chip system, with a view to flexibly configuring pilot-related parameters to meet more business needs.
  • a communication method is provided, which method can be applied to a first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device can be a terminal device, or be executed by a component (such as a chip, chip system, unit or module, etc.) inside the terminal device. , or it can also be implemented by a logic module or software that can realize all or part of the functions of the first terminal device, which is not limited in this application.
  • the first terminal device obtains a pilot, and the pilot is associated with a first parameter.
  • the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, and the number of terminal devices in the applicable location.
  • the first terminal device communicates based on the pilot.
  • the first terminal device determines the pilot according to the first pilot characteristic information, and the first pilot characteristic information has a correlation relationship with the first parameter, and because the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device , the number of terminal devices in the applicable place for the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable place, the size information of the applicable place, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, the data transmission rate threshold, and the data transmission delay At least one of a threshold, a data transmission bit error rate threshold, or a data transmission reliability threshold.
  • the relevant parameters of the pilot can be more flexibly configured according to the first parameter, thereby improving communication performance and meeting more business requirements.
  • the pilot is also called a reference signal or a training sequence, which is a known signal for both the transmitting device (the second communication device) and the receiving device (the first communication device).
  • the transmitting device sends a known reference signal, which is received by the receiving device after propagating through the channel.
  • the receiving device estimates the channel by comparing the received reference signal with the known reference signal.
  • the pilot is a pilot among the pilots included in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot set has an associated relationship with the first parameter. Compared with the solution in which the pilot directly establishes an association relationship with the first parameter, this solution can simplify the association relationship.
  • the first terminal device can determine the first pilot set to be used based on the first parameter, and then use the first pilot set to communicate via pilots.
  • the first terminal device may negotiate with other terminal devices to determine the pilot used by the first terminal device, or the first terminal device may determine the pilot used by the first terminal device based on information indicating the pilot from its own network device.
  • the pilot, or the first terminal device may determine the pilot used by the first terminal device according to the pilot allocation information associated with the first pilot set.
  • the pilot allocation information indicates how pilots are allocated among multiple terminal devices.
  • the pilot allocation information may indicate the identity of the terminal device corresponding to the pilot in the first pilot set.
  • the pilot allocation information may be included in the first pilot feature information associated with the subsequent first pilot set, or may be set independently from the first pilot feature information.
  • the pilot is a pilot among the pilots included in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot set has an associated relationship with the first pilot feature information;
  • the first pilot feature information includes: at least one of density, number or length of the pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot characteristic information has a correlation relationship with the first parameter.
  • the first terminal device can determine the pilot characteristic information (such as the first pilot characteristic) of the pilot to be used based on the first parameter. information), and then the pilot can be obtained according to the first pilot characteristic information. For example, the first terminal device can generate a pilot that conforms to the pilot characteristic information according to the first pilot characteristic information. For example, the first terminal device can interact with other terminal devices so that the pilots assigned to the terminal devices in the area correspond to The pilot characteristic information meets the requirements of the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the pilot characteristic information such as the first pilot characteristic
  • the first terminal device can interact with other terminal devices so that the pilots assigned to the terminal devices in the area correspond to The pilot characteristic information meets the requirements of the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot set based on the association between the first pilot characteristic information and the first pilot set, and then communicates based on the pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot characteristic information also includes pilot allocation information
  • the pilot allocation information indicates the allocation mode of each pilot in the terminal device.
  • the pilot allocation information indicates the pilot allocation information in the first pilot set. The identification of the terminal device to which the pilot is allocated.
  • the first pilot feature information is one candidate pilot feature information among multiple candidate pilot feature information.
  • the candidate pilot feature information includes first candidate pilot feature information and second candidate pilot feature information; the first candidate pilot feature information includes at least one of pilot density, pilot number, or pilot length. ;
  • the second candidate pilot feature information includes at least one of pilot density, pilot number, or pilot length. At least one of the density of pilots, the number of pilots, or the length of pilots in the first candidate pilot feature information and the second candidate pilot feature information are different.
  • multiple candidate pilot feature information can be preset, and two different candidate pilot feature information can be associated with different first parameters.
  • the first terminal device can determine the specific value of the first parameter according to the specific value of the first parameter.
  • Candidate pilot feature information matching the first parameter is selected, thereby improving the applicability of the solution.
  • the plurality of candidate pilot feature information are predefined.
  • the first terminal device receives information indicating a plurality of candidate pilot feature information from the first network device. This increases the flexibility of the solution.
  • the first terminal device determines the first parameter.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot characteristic information according to the first parameter and the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information. In this way, the first terminal device can obtain the first parameter by itself, and then obtain the first pilot characteristic information according to the first parameter. Or the first terminal device may also receive the first pilot characteristic information from the network device. In this way, the flexibility of the solution can be improved.
  • the first terminal device receives information from the first network device indicating the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information. In this way, the first terminal device can find the first pilot characteristic information based on the correlation between the received first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information and in combination with the first parameter. That is to say, the first terminal device can find the first pilot characteristic information by searching for the correlation relationship based on the actually obtained first parameter, thereby reducing the signaling interaction process with the network device and reducing power consumption.
  • the first parameter is associated with a plurality of pilot feature information, for example, the first parameter is also associated with other pilot feature information (such as pilot feature information a).
  • pilot feature information such as pilot feature information a
  • the first network device can determine which association relationship is used this time based on some parameters. For example, the first network device determines the first parameter and the first pilot feature used this time based on the scene type, user category or channel status of the applicable place, etc. If the first network device determines the correlation between the information, the first network device may send the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information to the first terminal device.
  • the association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be predefined by the protocol, or may be informed by the network device to the terminal device through signaling, or may be predefined by the protocol.
  • Multiple associations the network device notifies the terminal device of one of the associations used through signaling.
  • the pilot is a pilot among the pilots included in the first pilot set, and the first pilot set has an associated relationship with the first parameter.
  • the first terminal device receives pilot indication information from the first network device, the pilot indication information indicates the first pilot set, and the first terminal device determines the first pilot set according to the pilot indication information. In this way, the first terminal device can determine which pilot in the pilot set to use based on the pilot indication information. This solution can reduce the workload of the first terminal device and reduce the power consumption of the first terminal device.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information has a correlation with the first parameter.
  • the first terminal device determines the first parameter, and the first terminal device determines the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information based on the correlation between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information and the first parameter.
  • the first terminal device obtains the pilot indication information from a preset position of the message carrying the pilot indication information according to the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot set according to the pilot indication information.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be flexibly changed according to the specific value of the first parameter, thereby further improving the flexibility of the solution.
  • the number of pilots in the first pilot set associated with the first parameter is relatively large, the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information may be larger.
  • the number of pilots in the first pilot set associated with the first parameter is relatively large.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be smaller. In this way, on the premise that the pilot indication information can indicate the first pilot set, the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of data to be transmitted and reducing the delay.
  • the pilot indication information indicates part of the pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the pilot indication information is: the sequence identifier of each pilot in the partial pilot.
  • the first terminal device can determine the first pilot set according to the sequence identifiers of the pilots in the partial pilots. It can be seen that this method can reduce the amount of data transmitted, thereby saving signaling overhead and improving data transmission efficiency.
  • the first terminal device receives information indicating the pilot from the first network device.
  • the first terminal device determines the pilot based on the information indicating the pilot. In this way, the first terminal device can save the step of searching for pilots from the first pilot set, thereby reducing the workload of the first terminal device and reducing the power consumption of the first terminal device.
  • the first pilot characteristic information is determined based on channel state information between multiple terminal devices and multiple network devices, and the multiple terminal devices include the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device receives a reference signal from a first network device among multiple network devices, and the first terminal device determines channel state information with the first network device based on the reference signal.
  • the first terminal device After the first terminal device determines the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device according to the reference signal, the first terminal device sends the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the first network device.
  • the first terminal device receives reporting instruction information from the first network device.
  • the reporting instruction information instructs the first terminal device to periodically send channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device.
  • the reporting instruction information also includes: the cycle length for the first terminal device to send the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device, and the first terminal device to send the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device.
  • the first network device receives the resource information of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device, and the first terminal device sends the resource information occupied by the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device. At least one of the number of bits, or the number of bits occupied by the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device received by the first receiving point. In this way, the first network device can report channel status information according to the reporting instruction information.
  • the plurality of terminal devices further include one or more second terminal devices.
  • the method further includes at least one of the following: the first terminal device receives unicast, multicast or broadcast from the first network device indicating channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device; or, the first The terminal device receives unicast or multicast information from the second terminal device indicating channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device.
  • the first terminal device can obtain channel state information between multiple terminal devices and multiple network devices, and then the first terminal device can determine a pilot matching the multiple channel state information based on the obtained channel state information.
  • Feature information the first terminal device receives unicast, multicast or broadcast from the first network device indicating channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device.
  • the first terminal device sends the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the second terminal device.
  • the first terminal device multicasts the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the terminal devices in the first terminal device group. In this way, other terminal devices can obtain channel state information between multiple terminal devices and multiple network devices, and then the first terminal device can determine pilot characteristics matching the multiple channel state information based on the obtained channel state information. information.
  • the first terminal device when the change amount of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than a preset channel state information change threshold, the first terminal device Perform at least one of the following: the first terminal device sends the updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the first network device; the first terminal device sends the updated channel state information to the second terminal device the updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device; or, the first terminal device multicasts the updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the terminals in the first terminal device group Channel status information. In this way, the first terminal device can send channel state information with a large change, so that other devices can process it based on the latest channel state information.
  • the channel state information change threshold is preset, or is indicated by information indicating the channel state information change threshold from the first network device.
  • the channel state information change amount threshold has a correlation relationship with the first parameter.
  • two channel state information change thresholds associated with two different first parameters are different. In this way, the flexibility of setting the channel state information change threshold can be improved.
  • a communication method is provided, which method can be applied to a first network device.
  • the first network device can be a network device, or can be executed by an internal component of the network device (such as a chip, chip system, unit or module, etc.) , or it can also be implemented by a logic module or software that can realize all or part of the functions of the first network device, which is not limited in this application.
  • the first network device obtains a pilot, and the pilot is associated with a first parameter.
  • the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, and the number of terminal devices in the applicable location.
  • the first network device communicates with the first terminal device according to the pilot.
  • the first terminal device determines the pilot according to the first pilot characteristic information, and the first pilot characteristic information has a correlation relationship with the first parameter, and because the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device , the number of terminal devices in the applicable place for the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable place, the size information of the applicable place, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, the data transmission rate threshold, and the data transmission delay At least one of a threshold, a data transmission bit error rate threshold, or a data transmission reliability threshold. It can be seen that in the embodiments of the present application, different scenarios, different service requirements, etc. can respectively correspond to pilot characteristic information, and then more reasonable pilots can be determined. This method can flexibly determine more reasonable pilots, thereby improving communication performance.
  • the pilot is a pilot among the pilots included in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot set has an associated relationship with the first parameter. Compared with the solution in which the pilot directly establishes an association relationship with the first parameter, this solution can simplify the association relationship.
  • the first terminal device can determine the first pilot set to be used based on the first parameter, and then use the first pilot set to communicate via pilots.
  • the first terminal device may negotiate with other terminal devices to determine the pilot used by the first terminal device, or the first terminal device may determine the pilot used by the first terminal device based on information indicating the pilot from its own network device.
  • the pilot, or the first terminal device may determine the pilot used by the first terminal device according to the pilot allocation information associated with the first pilot set.
  • the pilot allocation information indicates how pilots are allocated among multiple terminal devices.
  • the pilot allocation information may indicate the identity of the terminal device corresponding to the pilot in the first pilot set.
  • the pilot allocation information may be included in the first pilot feature information associated with the subsequent first pilot set, or may be set independently from the first pilot feature information.
  • the pilot is a pilot among the pilots included in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot set has an associated relationship with the first pilot feature information;
  • the first pilot feature information includes: at least one of density, number or length of the pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot characteristic information has a correlation relationship with the first parameter.
  • the first terminal device can determine the pilot characteristic information (such as the first pilot characteristic) of the pilot to be used based on the first parameter. information), and then the pilot can be obtained according to the first pilot characteristic information. For example, the first terminal device can generate a pilot that conforms to the pilot characteristic information according to the first pilot characteristic information. For example, the first terminal device can interact with other terminal devices so that the pilots assigned to the terminal devices in the area correspond to The pilot characteristic information meets the requirements of the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the pilot characteristic information such as the first pilot characteristic
  • the first terminal device can interact with other terminal devices so that the pilots assigned to the terminal devices in the area correspond to The pilot characteristic information meets the requirements of the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot set based on the association between the first pilot characteristic information and the first pilot set, and then communicates based on the pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot characteristic information also includes pilot allocation information
  • the pilot allocation information indicates the allocation mode of each pilot in the terminal device.
  • the pilot allocation information indicates the pilot allocation information in the first pilot set. The identification of the terminal device to which the pilot is allocated.
  • the first pilot feature information is one candidate pilot feature information among multiple candidate pilot feature information.
  • the candidate pilot feature information includes first candidate pilot feature information and second candidate pilot feature information; the first candidate pilot feature information includes at least one of pilot density, pilot number, or pilot length. ;
  • the second candidate pilot feature information includes at least one of pilot density, pilot number, or pilot length. At least one of the density of pilots, the number of pilots, or the length of pilots in the first candidate pilot feature information and the second candidate pilot feature information are different.
  • multiple candidate pilot feature information can be preset, and two different candidate pilot feature information can be associated with different first parameters.
  • the first terminal device can determine the specific value of the first parameter according to the specific value of the first parameter.
  • Candidate pilot feature information matching the first parameter is selected, thereby improving the applicability of the solution.
  • the plurality of candidate pilot feature information are predefined; or, the first network device sends information indicating the plurality of candidate pilot feature information to the first terminal device. This increases the flexibility of the solution.
  • the first network device determines the first parameter, and the first network device determines the first pilot feature information based on the first parameter and the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information. In this way, the first terminal device can obtain the first parameter by itself, and then obtain the first pilot characteristic information according to the first parameter. Or the first terminal device may also receive the first pilot characteristic information from the network device. In this way, the flexibility of the solution can be improved.
  • the first network device sends information indicating the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information to the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device can find the first pilot characteristic information based on the correlation between the received first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information and in combination with the first parameter. That is to say, the first terminal device can find the first pilot characteristic information by searching for the correlation relationship based on the actually obtained first parameter, thereby reducing the signaling interaction process with the network device and reducing power consumption.
  • the first parameter is associated with a plurality of pilot feature information, for example, the first parameter is also associated with other pilot feature information (such as pilot feature information a).
  • pilot feature information such as pilot feature information a
  • the first network device can determine which association relationship is used this time based on some parameters. For example, the first network device determines the first parameter and the first pilot feature used this time based on the scene type, user category or channel status of the applicable place, etc. If the first network device determines the correlation between the information, the first network device may send the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information to the first terminal device.
  • the association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be predefined by the protocol, or may be informed by the network device to the terminal device through signaling, or may be predefined by the protocol.
  • Multiple associations the network device notifies the terminal device of one of the associations used through signaling.
  • the pilot is a pilot among the pilots included in the first pilot set, and the first pilot set has an associated relationship with the first parameter.
  • the first network device sends pilot indication information to the first terminal device, and the pilot indication information indicates the first pilot set. In this way, the first terminal device can determine which pilot in the pilot set to use based on the pilot indication information. This solution can reduce the workload of the first terminal device and reduce the power consumption of the first terminal device.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information is associated with the first parameter.
  • the first network device determines the first parameter, the first network device determines the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information according to the association between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information and the first parameter, and the first network device sends the pilot indication information according to the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be flexibly changed according to the specific value of the first parameter, thereby further improving the flexibility of the solution.
  • the number of pilots in the first pilot set associated with the first parameter is relatively large, the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information may be larger.
  • the number of pilots in the first pilot set associated with the first parameter is relatively large.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be smaller. In this way, on the premise that the pilot indication information can indicate the first pilot set, the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of data to be transmitted and reducing the delay.
  • the pilot indication information indicates part of the pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the pilot indication information is: the sequence identifier of each pilot in the partial pilot.
  • the first terminal device can determine the first pilot set according to the sequence identifiers of the pilots in the partial pilots. It can be seen that this method can reduce the amount of data transmitted, thereby saving signaling overhead and improving data transmission efficiency.
  • the first network device sends information indicating the pilot to the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device can save the step of searching for pilots from the first pilot set, thereby reducing the workload of the first terminal device and reducing the power consumption of the first terminal device.
  • the first pilot characteristic information is determined based on channel state information between multiple terminal devices and multiple network devices, and the multiple terminal devices include the first terminal device.
  • the first network device sends a reference signal, and the reference signal is used to determine channel state information between the first network device and a terminal device among the plurality of terminal devices.
  • the first network device receives channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device from the first terminal device.
  • the first network device sends reporting instruction information to the first terminal device.
  • the reporting instruction information instructs the first terminal device to periodically send channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device.
  • the reporting instruction information also includes: the cycle length for the first terminal device to send the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device, and the first terminal device to send the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device.
  • the first network device receives the resource information of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device, and the first terminal device sends the resource information occupied by the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device. At least one of the number of bits, or the number of bits occupied by the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device received by the first receiving point. In this way, the first network device can report channel status information according to the reporting instruction information.
  • the first network device unicasts, multicasts or broadcasts to indicate the channel status information between the first network device and the first terminal device, and/or the first network device unicasts, multicasts or broadcasts. or broadcast indicating channel status information between the first network device and the second terminal device.
  • the first terminal device can obtain channel state information between multiple terminal devices and multiple network devices, and then the first terminal device can determine a pilot matching the multiple channel state information based on the obtained channel state information. Feature information.
  • the first network device receives updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device from the first terminal device, and the updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is sent by the first terminal device when the change amount of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than a preset channel state information change amount threshold.
  • the first terminal device can send out the channel state information with a large change amount so that other devices can process it according to the latest channel state information.
  • the channel state information change threshold is preset, or is indicated by information indicating the channel state information change threshold from the first network device.
  • the channel state information change amount threshold has a correlation relationship with the first parameter.
  • two channel state information change thresholds associated with two different first parameters are different. In this way, the flexibility of setting the channel state information change threshold can be improved.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication method.
  • This solution can be executed by a terminal device, a network device, or other devices.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited. This solution will be used in the following.
  • One device execution is taken as an example for introduction.
  • the first device may be a terminal device, a network device, or other devices.
  • the method includes:
  • the first device acquires channel state information between multiple terminal devices and multiple network devices.
  • the first device determines second pilot feature information associated with the first parameter based on the channel state information.
  • the second pilot feature information includes pilot quantity and pilot allocation information.
  • the pilot allocation information indicates how the number of pilots is allocated among multiple terminal devices.
  • the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the The number of terminal devices in the location, the density of terminal devices in the applicable location, the size information of the applicable location, the scene type of the applicable location, the channel type corresponding to the applicable location, data transmission rate threshold, data transmission delay threshold, data transmission error rate threshold, or at least one of the data transmission reliability thresholds.
  • the first device determines a first number of terminal devices that meet a preset rate requirement value based on the second pilot characteristic information. When the first number is less than the preset user number threshold, the first device updates the second pilot feature information associated with the first parameter to obtain the first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter.
  • the purpose of optimizing the pilot allocation scheme can be achieved so that the rate requirement value is met.
  • the number of terminal devices is not less than the preset user number threshold.
  • the second pilot characteristic information indicates that there are at least two terminals, and at least two terminals multiplex one pilot. In this way, the effect of saving the number of pilots can be achieved.
  • the first device when the first number is less than a preset user number threshold, the first device increases the number of pilots indicated by the second pilot characteristic information to obtain the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the pilot allocation scheme can be optimized by increasing the number of pilots, so that the number of terminal devices that meet the rate threshold meets the requirements.
  • the second pilot characteristic information indicates the first terminal device and The second terminal device reuses the same pilot.
  • the first device sets a first requirement, and the first requirement indicates that the first terminal device and the second terminal device cannot reuse the same pilot.
  • the first device performs one or more iterations according to the first requirement until the preset iteration stop condition is met, and obtains the first pilot characteristic information associated with the first parameter.
  • the purpose of optimizing the pilot allocation solution can be achieved by increasing the number of pilots to reduce interference, so that the rate can be satisfied
  • the threshold number of end devices meets the requirement.
  • the second pilot characteristic information indicates that the first terminal device multiplexes the first pilot with multiple third terminal devices.
  • the second terminal device is the third terminal device that is physically closest to the first terminal device among the plurality of third terminal devices. In this way, interference from the first terminal device can be reduced, thereby allowing the rate of the first terminal device to meet the rate requirement.
  • the preset iteration stop condition includes at least one of the following: the number of terminal devices that meet the preset rate requirement value is not less than the preset user number threshold; the current number of pilots is the same as the pilot number. The difference between the initial values of the frequency number is greater than the preset value; or the number of iterations is greater than the preset iteration number. In this way, the iteration can be stopped when the number of terminal devices with the preset rate demand value is not less than the preset user number threshold.
  • a fourth aspect provides a communication device, which may be the aforementioned first terminal device, second terminal device or first device.
  • the communication device may include a communication unit and a processing unit to perform any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects, or to perform any possible implementation manner of the first to third aspects.
  • the communication unit is used to perform functions related to sending and receiving.
  • the communication unit includes a receiving unit and a sending unit.
  • the communication device is a communication chip
  • the processing unit may be one or more processors or processor cores
  • the communication unit may be an input/output circuit or port of the communication chip.
  • the communication unit may be a transmitter and a receiver, or the communication unit may be a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the communication device further includes various modules that can be used to perform any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects, or to perform any possible implementation manner of the first to third aspects.
  • a fifth aspect provides a communication device, which may be the aforementioned first terminal device, second terminal device or first device.
  • the communication device may include a processor and a memory to perform any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects, or to perform any possible implementation manner of the first to third aspects.
  • a transceiver is also included, the memory is used to store computer programs or instructions, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program or instructions from the memory.
  • the processor executes the computer program or instructions in the memory, the The communication device implements any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects, or implements any possible implementation manner of the first to third aspects.
  • processors there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the memory can be integrated with the processor, or the memory can be provided separately from the processor.
  • the transceiver may include a transmitter (transmitter) and a receiver (receiver).
  • a sixth aspect provides a communication device, which may be the aforementioned first terminal device, second terminal device or first device.
  • the communication device may include a processor to perform any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects, or to perform any possible implementation manner of the first to third aspects.
  • the processor is coupled to a memory.
  • the communication device further includes a memory.
  • the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled with the communication interface.
  • the communication interface may be a transceiver or an input/output interface.
  • the transceiver may be a transceiver circuit.
  • the input/output interface may be an input/output circuit.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface, interface circuit, output circuit, input circuit, pin or related circuit on the chip or chip system, etc.
  • a processor may also be embodied as a processing circuit or logic circuit.
  • a system which includes one or more of the above network devices.
  • the system may also include one or more terminal devices, such as the above-mentioned first terminal device and/or the second terminal device.
  • a computer program product includes: a computer program (which may also be called a code, or an instruction).
  • a computer program which may also be called a code, or an instruction.
  • the computer program When the computer program is run, it causes the computer to execute the above-mentioned steps in the first to third aspects. Any aspect, or any possible implementation manner of performing the first to third aspects.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program (which can also be called a code, or an instruction) and when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the above-mentioned first to third aspects. Any one of the aspects, or any possible implementation manner of implementing the first to third aspects.
  • a chip system may include a processor.
  • the processor is coupled to a memory and may be used to execute any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects, or to execute any possible implementation manner of the first to third aspects.
  • the chip system also includes a memory.
  • Memory is used to store computer programs (also called codes, or instructions).
  • the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the device installed with the chip system executes any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects, or executes any possible method of the first to third aspects. implementation.
  • a processing device including: an interface circuit and a processing circuit.
  • Interface circuits may include input circuits and output circuits.
  • the processing circuit is configured to receive signals through the input circuit and transmit signals through the output circuit, so that any one of the above-mentioned first to third aspects, or any possible implementation manner of performing the first to third aspects is accomplish.
  • the above-mentioned processing device may be a chip
  • the input circuit may be an input pin
  • the output circuit may be an output pin
  • the processing circuit may be a transistor, a gate circuit, a flip-flop, and various logic circuits.
  • the input signal received by the input circuit may be received and input by, for example, but not limited to, the receiver, and the signal output by the output circuit may be, for example, but not limited to, output to and transmitted by the transmitter, and the input circuit and the output A circuit may be the same circuit that functions as an input circuit and an output circuit at different times.
  • This application does not limit the specific implementation methods of the processor and various circuits.
  • the communication device when the communication device is a first terminal device, a second terminal device or a first device.
  • the interface circuit may be the first terminal device, the second terminal device, or a radio frequency processing chip in the first device, and the processing circuit may be a baseband processing chip in the first terminal device, the second terminal device, or the first device.
  • the communication device may be a first terminal device, a second terminal device, or some components in the first device, such as an integrated circuit product such as a system chip or a communication chip.
  • the interface circuit may be an input/output interface, interface circuit, output circuit, input circuit, pin or related circuit on the chip or chip system, etc.
  • the processing circuitry may be logic circuitry on the chip.
  • FIG1A is a schematic diagram of a communication scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of another communication scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1C is a schematic diagram of a communication scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG1D is a schematic diagram of a communication scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1E is a schematic diagram of a communication scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4A is a schematic diagram of the average access probability of the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application, the orthogonal pilot scheme and the Dsatur scheme;
  • Figure 4B is a schematic diagram of the number of pilots corresponding to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application, the orthogonal pilot scheme and the Dsatur scheme;
  • Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of an undirected graph provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of a pilot allocation scheme corresponding to the undirected graph shown in Figure 5A;
  • Figure 5C is a possible schematic diagram of Figure 5B after iteration
  • FIG5D is a schematic diagram of a pilot allocation scheme determined based on the undirected graph shown in FIG5C ;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an effect provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • 5G mobile communication system new radio (NR) system or other evolved communication system
  • NR new radio
  • the technical solution provided by this application can also be applied to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication, ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), machine type communication (MTC), machine Intercommunication long term evolution-machine (LTE-M), device to device (D2D) network, machine to machine (M2M) network, Internet of things (IoT) network, narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) or other networks.
  • the IoT network may include, for example, the Internet of Vehicles.
  • the communication methods in the Internet of Vehicles system are collectively called vehicle to other devices (vehicle to X, V2X, X can represent anything).
  • the V2X can include: vehicle to vehicle (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) communication.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can also be applied to satellite inter-satellite communication systems, wireless screen projection systems, customer premise equipment (CPE), virtual reality (VR) communication systems, and access and backhaul integration integrated access backhaul (IAB) system, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication system, or optical communication system, etc.
  • CPE customer premise equipment
  • VR virtual reality
  • IAB access and backhaul integration integrated access backhaul
  • Wi-Fi wireless fidelity
  • optical communication system etc.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • MTC massive machine type communications
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • eMBB can refer to high-traffic mobile broadband services such as three-dimensional (3D)/ultra-high-definition video. Specifically, eMBB can further improve network speed, user experience and other performance based on mobile broadband services. For example, when users watch 4K high-definition videos, the peak network speed can reach 10Gbps.
  • 3D three-dimensional
  • eMBB can further improve network speed, user experience and other performance based on mobile broadband services. For example, when users watch 4K high-definition videos, the peak network speed can reach 10Gbps.
  • URLLC can refer to services with high reliability, low latency, and extremely high availability. Specifically, URLLC can include the following communication scenarios and applications: industrial applications and control, traffic safety and control, remote manufacturing, remote training, remote surgery, driverless driving, industrial automation, security industry, etc.
  • MTC can refer to low-cost, coverage-enhanced services, and can also be called M2M.
  • mMTC refers to large-scale Internet of Things business.
  • NB-IoT can be a service with wide coverage, multiple connections, low speed, low cost, low power consumption, and excellent architecture.
  • NB-IoT can include smart water meters, smart parking, smart pet tracking, smart bicycles, smart smoke detectors, smart toilets, smart vending machines, and so on.
  • V2X enables communication between vehicles, vehicles and network equipment, and network equipment and network equipment, thereby obtaining a series of traffic information such as real-time traffic conditions, road information, and pedestrian information. It also provides in-vehicle entertainment information to improve driving safety, Reduce congestion and improve traffic efficiency.
  • CPE can refer to a mobile signal access device that receives mobile signals and forwards them as wireless fidelity (WiFi) signals. It can also refer to a device that converts high-speed 4G or 5G signals into WiFi signals, which can support more Internet access at the same time. number of mobile terminals. CPE can be widely used in wireless network access in rural areas, towns, hospitals, units, factories, communities, etc., which can save the cost of laying wired networks.
  • WiFi wireless fidelity
  • communication between network equipment and terminal equipment, between network equipment and network equipment, and between terminal equipment and terminal equipment can be carried out through licensed spectrum, communication can also be carried out through unlicensed spectrum, or can be carried out simultaneously through communication. Communicate over licensed and unlicensed spectrum.
  • the technical solution of this application is applicable to low-frequency scenarios such as sub 6G (referring to the frequency band below 6GHz, specifically, it may refer to 6 gigahertz (GHz) with an operating frequency of 450 megahertz (MHz) to 6000MHz (can be referred to as 6G)), also suitable for high-frequency scenarios (such as above 6GHz, such as 28GHz, 70GHz, etc.), terahertz (terahertz, THz), optical communications, etc.
  • network equipment and terminals can communicate through spectrum below 6 GHz or above 6 GHz, or they can communicate using spectrum below 6 GHz and spectrum above 6 GHz at the same time.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the spectrum resources used for communication.
  • the functions of the network device can also be performed by modules (such as chips) in the network device, or by a control subsystem that includes the functions of the network device.
  • the control subsystem here containing network equipment functions can be the control center in the application scenarios of the above-mentioned terminals such as smart grid, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart cities.
  • the functions of the terminal can also be performed by modules in the terminal (such as chips or modems), or by a device containing the terminal functions.
  • the technical solution provided by this application can also be applied to various types of communication links, such as universal user network (user to network interface universal, Uu) links, satellite links, sidelink (SL) links, central Links such as relay links. This application does not limit this.
  • universal user network user to network interface universal, Uu
  • satellite links satellite links
  • sidelink (SL) links sidelink (SL) links
  • central Links such as relay links. This application does not limit this.
  • FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C, FIG. 1D, and FIG. 1E exemplarily illustrate possible architectural diagrams of several communication systems to which the embodiments of the present application are applicable.
  • the communication system includes at least two communication devices, such as a network device 101 and at least one terminal device 102 , wherein data communication can be performed between the network device 101 and the at least one terminal device 102 through a wireless connection.
  • the network device 101 can send downlink data to the terminal device 102; the terminal device 102 can also send uplink data to the network device 101.
  • the communication system includes a satellite 103, a terminal device 104, and may also include a base station 105.
  • the satellite 103 may provide communication services for the terminal device 104.
  • the satellite 103 may transmit downlink data to the terminal device 104, wherein the downlink data may be encoded using channel coding, and the channel-coded data may be modulated and transmitted to the terminal device 104.
  • the terminal device 104 may transmit uplink data to the satellite 103, wherein the uplink data may also be encoded using channel coding, and the encoded data may be modulated and transmitted to the satellite 103.
  • the satellite 103 may also communicate with the base station 105.
  • the satellite 104 may be used as a base station or as a terminal device.
  • the satellite 103 may refer to a drone, a hot air balloon, a low-orbit satellite, a medium-orbit satellite, a high-orbit satellite, etc.
  • the satellite 103 may also refer to a non-ground base station or non-ground device, etc.
  • the communication system may be satellite inter-satellite link communication.
  • the communication system includes a satellite 106 and a satellite 107, and information and data can be transmitted between the satellite 106 and the satellite 107.
  • Satellites (such as satellite 106 and satellite 107) may include an APT module and a communication module.
  • the APT module of the satellite may be responsible for acquisition, alignment, and tracking between satellites.
  • the communication module of the satellite can be responsible for the transmission of inter-satellite information and is the main body of the inter-satellite communication system.
  • the communication system may include a wireless screen projection system, and the communication system may include a wireless screen projection device 108 (such as the television shown in FIG. 1D ) and a terminal device 109 .
  • the terminal device 109 can transmit data with the wireless screen projection device.
  • the communication system may be a backhaul link communication system, and the communication system may include an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) parent node 110, an IAB node 111 and a terminal device 112.
  • IAB integrated access and backhaul
  • the link between the IAB parent node 110 and the IAB node 111 is a backhaul link
  • the link between the terminal device 112 and the node 111 is an access link.
  • FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C, FIG. 1D, and FIG. 1E are only simplified schematic diagrams for ease of understanding.
  • the communication system may also include other devices, which are not shown in the figures.
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application is a device with wireless transceiver function, which can also be called: user equipment (user equipment, UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal , wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device, etc.
  • user equipment user equipment
  • MS mobile station
  • MT mobile terminal
  • access terminal subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal , wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device, etc.
  • the terminal device may be a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to the user, such as a handheld device, a vehicle-mounted device, etc. with wireless connectivity capabilities.
  • some examples of terminals are: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MID), wearable devices, VR devices, augmented reality (AR) devices , wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grid, transportation safety ( Wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, sensor terminals, sensing terminals, communication sensing integrated equipment, cellular phones, cordless phones, conversations Session initiation protocol (SIP) telephone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or connected to a wireless modem Other processing equipment, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable equipment, terminals in the 5G network or terminals in the future evolved public land mobile communication network (public land mobile network, PLMN), etc.
  • the terminal device may be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • the Internet of Things is an important part of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-computer interconnection and object-object interconnection.
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application may be a wearable device. Wearable devices can also be called wearable smart devices. It is a general term for applying wearable technology to intelligently design daily wear and develop wearable devices, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing and shoes, etc.
  • a wearable device is a portable device that can be worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories.
  • Wearable devices are not just hardware devices, but can also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction.
  • Broadly defined wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized devices that can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, and those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to cooperate with other devices such as smartphones.
  • the network device in this application may be a device used to communicate with a terminal device (for example, the network device shown in FIGS. 1A to 1E ), or may be a device that connects the terminal device to a wireless network.
  • the network device may be a node in a wireless access network.
  • the network device may be a base station, an evolved base station (evolved NodeB, eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a home base station (e.g., home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), Wi-Fi Fi network device (access point, AP), mobile switching center, next generation base station (next generation NodeB, gNB) in 5G mobile communication system, next generation base station in 6G mobile communication system, or base station in future mobile communication system, etc. .
  • the network equipment can also be a module or unit that completes some functions of the base station.
  • Network equipment can be a centralized unit (central unit, CU), distributed unit (distributed unit, DU), remote radio unit (RRU) or Baseband unit (BBU), etc.
  • Network equipment can also be equipment that performs base station functions in D2D communication systems, V2X communication systems, M2M communication systems, and IoT communication systems.
  • Network equipment can also be network equipment in NTN, that is, network equipment can be deployed on high-altitude platforms or satellites.
  • the network equipment can be a macro base station, a micro base station or an indoor station, or a relay node or a donor node, etc.
  • the network device can also be a node in the core network.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology, device form, and name used by the network device.
  • the functions of the network device may also be executed by modules (such as chips) in the network device, or may be executed by a control subsystem that includes the functions of the network device.
  • the control subsystem here containing network equipment functions can be the control center in the application scenarios of the above-mentioned terminals such as smart grid, industrial control, intelligent transportation, smart city, and communication perception integrated system.
  • the functions of the terminal can also be performed by modules in the terminal (such as chips or modems), or by a device containing the terminal functions.
  • network device #1 can be configured as a mobile base station.
  • network device #1 For terminals that access the network through network device #1, network device #1 is a base station; but for a network that communicates with network device #1 through a wireless air interface protocol
  • network device #1 In the case of device #2, network device #1 is the terminal.
  • network device #1 and network device #2 may also communicate through an interface protocol between base stations.
  • network device #1 is also a base station.
  • both network equipment and terminal equipment may be collectively referred to as communication equipment or communication devices.
  • a base station can be called a communication device with base station functions
  • a terminal can be called a communication device with terminal functions.
  • the network equipment and terminal equipment in this application can be deployed on land, including indoor or outdoor, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water (such as ships, etc.); they can also be deployed in the air (such as aircraft, balloons and satellites) superior). This application does not limit the application scenarios of network equipment and terminal equipment.
  • URLLC is one of the three typical services of 5G. Its main application scenarios include: autonomous driving, industrial manufacturing, Internet of Vehicles, smart grid and other fields. These application scenarios put forward more stringent requirements in terms of reliability and latency.
  • the manufacturing equipment of a smart factory is connected to the enterprise cloud or on-site control system through 5G, collecting on-site environmental data and production data, and analyzing production status in real time. Realize the unmanned and wirelessization of the entire production line.
  • Intelligent industrial manufacturing has high requirements on technical performance, and high-end manufacturing has very high demands on the delay and stability of workshop equipment.
  • the smart factory industry has put forward very specific performance requirements, such as the communication of a 40-byte data packet in a service area with no more than 50 users and an end-to-end delay of 1ms.
  • Business availability (communication system available, CSA) must be between 99.9999% and 99.999999%.
  • the definition of CSA is: If the packet received by the receiving end is damaged or not timely (exceeding the maximum allowable end-to-end delay), the service is considered to be unavailable.
  • the pilot used by the terminal device has an associated relationship with the first parameter, and because the first parameter includes the first terminal
  • the number of network devices in the applicable place of the device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable place of the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable place, the size information of the applicable place, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, and data At least one of a transmission rate threshold, a data transmission delay threshold, a data transmission bit error rate threshold, or a data transmission reliability threshold.
  • indication may include direct indication and indirect indication, and may also include explicit indication and implicit indication.
  • the information indicated by a certain information is called information to be indicated.
  • the information to be indicated may be directly indicated, such as indicating the information to be indicated itself or the index of the information to be indicated.
  • the information to be indicated may also be indirectly indicated by indicating other information, wherein the other information has an association with the information to be indicated. It is also possible to indicate only a part of the information to be indicated, while the other parts of the information to be indicated are known or agreed in advance.
  • the indication of specific information may also be achieved by means of the arrangement order of each information agreed in advance (for example, specified by the protocol), thereby reducing the indication overhead to a certain extent.
  • each term and English abbreviation, such as pilot, number of pilots, etc. are illustrative examples given for convenience of description and should not constitute any limitation on this application. This application does not exclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future agreements.
  • predefinition can be achieved by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in devices (for example, including terminal devices and network devices), This application does not limit its specific implementation.
  • the "protocol” involved in the embodiments of this application may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, which may include, for example, LTE protocol, NR protocol, and related protocols applied in future communication systems. This application does not limit this.
  • FIG. 2 exemplarily shows a possible flow diagram of a communication method applicable to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application are applicable to communication between a first communication device and a second communication device.
  • the first communication device may be a terminal device or a network device.
  • the second communication device may be a terminal device or a network device.
  • This application is applicable to communication between terminal devices, communication between terminal devices and network devices, and communication between network devices. This application does not limit this.
  • the first terminal device and the first network device are used as the execution subjects of the interaction gesture as an example to illustrate the method.
  • the first terminal device in FIG. 2 may be a terminal device, a unit, a module or a chip system inside the terminal device.
  • the first network device may be a network device, a unit, a module or a chip inside the network device.
  • the first terminal device involved in the embodiment of this application may be the terminal device 102 in FIG. 1A , or a unit, module or chip inside the terminal device 102 .
  • the first network device involved in the embodiment of this application may be the network device 101 in FIG. 1A , or a unit, module or chip inside the network device 101 .
  • the first terminal device involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the terminal device 104 in FIG. 1B , or a unit, module or chip inside the terminal device 104 ; the first network device involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the terminal device 104 in FIG. 1B satellite 103, or a unit, module or chip inside the satellite 103.
  • the first terminal device involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the satellite 103 in Figure 1B, or a unit, module or chip inside the satellite 103; the first network device involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the base station in Figure 1B 105, or a unit, module or chip inside the base station 105.
  • the first terminal device involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the satellite 106 in FIG. 1C , or a unit, module or chip inside the satellite 106 .
  • the first network device involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the satellite 107 in FIG. 1C , or a unit, module or chip inside the satellite 107 .
  • the first terminal device involved in the embodiment of this application may be the terminal device 109 in FIG. 1D, or a unit, module or chip inside the terminal device 109.
  • the first network device involved in the embodiment of this application may be the wireless screen projection device 108 in FIG. 1D, or a unit, module or chip inside the wireless screen projection device 108.
  • the first terminal device involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the satellite 106 in FIG. 1E , or a unit, module or chip inside the satellite 106 .
  • the first network device involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the satellite 107 in FIG. 1E , or a unit, module or chip inside the satellite 107 .
  • the method includes:
  • Step 201 The first terminal device obtains a pilot.
  • the pilot is also called a reference signal or a training sequence, which is a known signal to both the transmitting end device (second communication device) and the receiving end device (first communication device).
  • the pilot has an associated relationship with the first parameter.
  • the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable place for the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable place for the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable place, size information of the applicable place, scene type of the applicable place, and applicable At least one of the channel type, data transmission rate threshold, data transmission delay threshold, data transmission bit error rate threshold, or data transmission reliability threshold corresponding to the location.
  • the applicable place of the first terminal device refers to a place where the first terminal device is located, or is called an area.
  • Dimensional information for the applicable site may include the area of the applicable site.
  • Scene types in the embodiments of this application may include indoor scenes, outdoor scenes, dense urban scenes, sparse urban scenes, suburban scenes, factory scenes, etc.
  • the channel types in the embodiments of this application may include the following types, such as a tapped delay line model (Tapped Delay Line, TDL), which may include TDL-A, TDL-B, and TDL-C for non-line of sight (non line of sight) of sight, NLOS) channel model, and two channel models for line of sight (LOS), TDL-D and TDL-E.
  • TDL tapped Delay Line
  • the clustered delay line model (Clustered Delay Line, CDL) includes three channel models CDL-A, CDL-B, and CDL-C for NLOS, and two channel models CDL-D and CDL-E for LOS.
  • the association between the pilot and the first parameter may be predefined by the protocol, or may be informed by the network device to the terminal device through signaling, or multiple associations may be predefined by the protocol. , the network device notifies the terminal device of one of the associations used through signaling.
  • the pilot is a pilot among the pilots included in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot set may include one or more pilots.
  • the first pilot set has an associated relationship with the first parameter. Compared with the solution in which the pilot directly establishes an association relationship with the first parameter, this solution can simplify the association relationship.
  • the first terminal device can determine the first pilot set to be used based on the first parameter, and then use the first pilot set communicate via pilots.
  • the first terminal device may negotiate with other terminal devices to determine the pilot used by the first terminal device, or the first terminal device may determine the pilot used by the first terminal device based on information indicating the pilot from its own network device.
  • pilot or the first terminal device can determine the pilot used by the first terminal device according to the pilot allocation information associated with the first pilot set, and the pilot allocation information indicates the terminal device corresponding to the pilot in the first pilot set. logo.
  • the pilot allocation information may be included in the first pilot feature information associated with the subsequent first pilot set, or may be set independently from the first pilot feature information.
  • the association between the first pilot set and the first parameter may be predefined by the protocol, or may be informed by the network device to the terminal device through signaling, or may be predefined by the protocol.
  • the network device notifies the terminal device of one of the associations used through signaling.
  • step 201 there are multiple implementation ways for the first terminal device to obtain the pilot, such as the following possible implementations A1 and A2.
  • the first network device may send information indicating the pilot to the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device may receive information indicating the pilot from the first network device, and then determine the pilot based on the information indicating the pilot. In this way, the first terminal device can save the step of searching for pilots from the first pilot set, thereby reducing the workload of the first terminal device and reducing the power consumption of the first terminal device.
  • Embodiment A2 The first terminal device may determine the first pilot set, and then determine the pilot from the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot set may include one or more pilots.
  • the first terminal device may interact with other terminal devices and then allocate pilots in the first pilot set to each terminal device.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot set.
  • the first terminal device obtains the first pilot characteristic information, and the first pilot set is determined by the first terminal device.
  • the frequency characteristic information has an associated relationship with the first pilot set.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot set according to the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first network device sends information indicating the first pilot set to the first terminal device. They are introduced separately below.
  • the first terminal device may obtain the first pilot characteristic information, and then determine the first pilot set according to the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first pilot characteristic information has a correlation relationship with the first parameter.
  • the first pilot characteristic information includes: at least one of density, number or length of pilots in the first pilot set. Compared with the solution in which the pilot directly establishes an association relationship with the first parameter, this solution can simplify the association relationship.
  • the first terminal device can determine the pilot characteristic information (such as the first pilot characteristic) of the pilot to be used based on the first parameter. information), and then the pilot can be obtained according to the first pilot characteristic information. For example, the first terminal device can generate a pilot that conforms to the pilot characteristic information according to the first pilot characteristic information. For example, the first terminal device can interact with other terminal devices so that the pilots assigned to the terminal devices in the area correspond to The pilot characteristic information meets the requirements of the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot set based on the association between the first pilot characteristic information and the first pilot set, and then communicates based on the pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot characteristic information also includes pilot allocation information
  • the pilot allocation information indicates the allocation mode of each pilot in the terminal device.
  • the pilot allocation information indicates the pilot allocation information in the first pilot set. The identification of the terminal device to which the pilot is allocated.
  • the first terminal device may generate the first pilot set according to the first pilot characteristic information. Or the first terminal device pre-configures the association between the first pilot set and the first pilot feature information. After obtaining the first pilot feature information, the first terminal device determines the first pilot set based on the first pilot feature information. . Alternatively, the first terminal device may obtain the association between the first pilot set and the first pilot characteristic information from other devices. After obtaining the first pilot characteristic information, the first terminal device determines the first pilot characteristic information based on the first pilot characteristic information. First pilot set.
  • the first pilot feature information is one candidate pilot feature information among multiple candidate pilot feature information.
  • the candidate pilot feature information includes first candidate pilot feature information and second candidate pilot feature information; the first candidate pilot feature information includes at least one of pilot density, pilot number, or pilot length. .
  • the second candidate pilot feature information includes at least one of pilot density, pilot number, or pilot length. At least one of the density of pilots, the number of pilots, or the length of pilots in the first candidate pilot feature information and the second candidate pilot feature information are different. It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present application, multiple candidate pilot feature information can be preset, and two different candidate pilot feature information can be associated with different first parameters. In this way, the first terminal device can determine the specific value of the first parameter according to the specific value of the first parameter. Candidate pilot feature information matching the first parameter is selected, thereby improving the applicability of the solution.
  • the multiple candidate pilot feature information in the embodiment of the present application may be determined by the first terminal device, or predefined by the protocol, or determined for the first network device.
  • the first network device may send information indicating multiple candidate pilot feature information to the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device receives information indicating multiple candidate pilot feature information from the first network device. In this way, the flexibility of the solution can be improved.
  • implementation A2-b1 there are multiple implementations for the first terminal device to determine the first pilot characteristic information. Several possibilities are illustrated below through implementation A2-b1-1 and implementation A2-b1-2. implementation.
  • the first network device sends first pilot characteristic information to the first terminal apparatus.
  • the first network device determines the first parameter, and the first network device determines the first parameter based on the first parameter and the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information. , determine the first pilot characteristic information. Then the first network device sends the first pilot characteristic information to the first terminal device.
  • the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information is predefined by the protocol or configured by the first network device.
  • the first terminal device determines first pilot characteristic information according to the first parameter.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot feature information based on the first parameter and the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information.
  • the association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be predefined by the protocol, or may be informed by the network device to the terminal device through signaling, or may be predefined by the protocol.
  • Multiple associations the network device notifies the terminal device of one of the associations used through signaling.
  • the first network device sends information indicating the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information to the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device receives information indicating the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information from the first network device.
  • the first terminal device can find the first pilot characteristic information based on the correlation between the received first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information and in combination with the first parameter. That is to say, the first terminal device can find the first pilot characteristic information by searching for the correlation relationship based on the actually obtained first parameter, thereby reducing the signaling interaction process with the network device and reducing power consumption.
  • the association relationship between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information is a plurality of association relationships predefined by a protocol
  • the first network device informs the first terminal device of at least one of the plurality of association relationships through signaling.
  • Table 1 is used below to illustrate an example of an association relationship between a first parameter and first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first parameter includes the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device.
  • the first pilot characteristic information includes the number of pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the association relationship between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information can be at least one row in Table 1.
  • Figure 4A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the average access probability of the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application, the orthogonal pilot scheme and the Dsatur scheme.
  • Dsatur is the abbreviation of degree of saturation
  • dsatur is a graph coloring algorithm.
  • Figure 4B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the number of pilots corresponding to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application, the orthogonal pilot scheme and the Dsatur scheme.
  • the average access probability of the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application is greater than the average access probability corresponding to the orthogonal pilot scheme.
  • the average access probability of the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application is The probability is greater than the rating access probability corresponding to the Dsatur scheme.
  • the average number of pilots of the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is less than the average number of pilots corresponding to the orthogonal pilot solution.
  • the average access probability of the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application is greater than the average access probability corresponding to the orthogonal pilot scheme, and the average access probability of the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application is greater than the rating access probability corresponding to the Dsatur scheme. It can be seen from Figure 4B that under the same first parameter, the average number of pilots of the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application is less than the average number of pilots corresponding to the orthogonal pilot scheme. When the first parameter is other content, the simulation performance is similar to Figures 4A and 4B, and will not be repeated.
  • Table 2 and Table 3 illustrate an example of the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information.
  • the first parameter includes the density of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device.
  • the first parameter includes size information of the applicable place of the first terminal device (for example, the area of the applicable place of the first terminal device).
  • the first pilot characteristic information includes the number of pilots in the first pilot set.
  • association relationship between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be at least one row in Table 2.
  • association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be at least one row in Table 3.
  • Table 4 and Table 5 illustrate an example of the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information.
  • the first parameter includes a data transmission bit error rate threshold.
  • the first parameter includes a data transmission reliability threshold.
  • the first pilot characteristic information includes the number of pilots in the first pilot set.
  • bit error rate symbol error rate, SER
  • SER symbol error rate
  • bit error rate can also refer to the block error rate (block error rate) which is the ratio of the number of blocks incorrectly received to the total number of blocks sent.
  • block error rate is the ratio of the number of blocks incorrectly received to the total number of blocks sent.
  • bit error rate may also refer to bit error rate, bit error rate, bit error probability, etc.
  • association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be at least one row in Table 4.
  • the association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be at least one row in Table 5.
  • Table 6 is used below to illustrate an example of an association relationship between a first parameter and first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first parameter includes a data transmission rate threshold.
  • the first pilot characteristic information includes the number of pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the association relationship between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be at least one row in Table 6.
  • the first parameter is associated with a plurality of pilot feature information, for example, the first parameter is also associated with other pilot feature information (such as pilot feature information a).
  • the first network device can determine which association relationship is used this time based on some parameters. For example, the first network device determines the first parameter and the first pilot feature used this time based on the scene type, user category or channel status of the applicable place. If the first network device determines the correlation between the information, the first network device may send the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information to the first terminal device.
  • an association relationship can correspond to one or more scene types, and scene types can include, for example, small factories or medium-sized factories.
  • an association relationship may correspond to one or more user categories, and the user categories may include, for example, industrial equipment or commercial equipment.
  • an association relationship can correspond to one or more channel states.
  • the user category may refer to the terminal type.
  • the terminal type corresponding to the terminal equipment may be determined based on one or more of the following factors: service type, mobility, transmission delay requirements, channel environment, reliability Requirements, coverage requirements, and communication scenarios.
  • the service type can be determined according to the size of the service data.
  • the service type can include large packet data, medium packet data, small packet data, etc.
  • Mobility can include movement and fixation; movement can also include irregular movement, movement along fixed routes, ultra-short distance movement, etc.
  • Transmission delay requirements can include high transmission delay, low transmission delay, average transmission delay, etc.
  • the channel environment may include a changeable channel environment, a stable channel environment, a relatively stable channel environment, etc.
  • Reliability requirements can include high reliability, low reliability, average reliability, etc.
  • Coverage requirements can include wide coverage, strong coverage, weak coverage, general coverage, deep coverage, etc.
  • the communication scenario may include the communication scenarios included in the aforementioned description of the communication system, or the communication scenario may also include uplink communication, downlink communication, uplink and downlink communication, side link communication, backhaul communication, access communication, relay communication, Satellite communications, terahertz communications, optical communications, green communications, etc. are not restricted.
  • terminal types include eMBB devices, URLLC devices, NB-IoT devices, and CPE devices.
  • eMBB devices are mainly used to transmit large packet data, and can also be used to transmit small packet data. They are generally in a mobile state.
  • the transmission delay and reliability requirements are general, both for uplink and downlink communications, and the channel environment is relatively complex and changeable. It can communicate indoors or outdoors.
  • the eMBB device can be a mobile phone.
  • URLLC equipment is generally used to transmit small packet data, and can also transmit medium and large packet data. It has high requirements for transmission delay and reliability, that is, low transmission delay and high reliability, both uplink and downlink communication, and a stable channel environment.
  • the URLLC device may be a factory device.
  • NB-IoT devices are mainly used to transmit small data. They are generally in a non-mobile state and have a known location. They have medium transmission delay and reliability requirements, a lot of uplink communication, and a relatively stable channel environment.
  • NB-IoT devices can be Smart water meters and sensors.
  • CPE equipment is mainly used to transmit large packets of data. It is generally in a non-mobile state or can move ultra-short distances. It has medium requirements for transmission delay and reliability. It has both uplink and downlink communications and the channel environment is relatively stable.
  • CPE equipment It can be terminal equipment, AR, VR, etc. in smart homes.
  • the terminal type corresponding to the terminal equipment can be determined as eMBB equipment, URLLC equipment, according to the service type, mobility, transmission delay requirements, reliability requirements, channel environment and communication scenarios of the terminal equipment.
  • eMBB equipment eMBB equipment
  • URLLC equipment eMBB equipment
  • the service type mobility
  • transmission delay requirements eMBB equipment
  • reliability requirements e.g., reliability requirements
  • CPE device eMBB device
  • eMBB equipment can also be described as eMBB
  • URLLC equipment can also be described as URLLC
  • NB-IoT equipment can also be described as NB-IoT
  • CPE equipment can also be described as CPE
  • V2X equipment can also be described as V2X, without limitation.
  • Table 7 illustrates yet another example of the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information.
  • the first parameter includes the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device.
  • the first pilot characteristic information includes the number of pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be at least one row in Table 7.
  • the first network device may choose to use the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information shown in Table 1, or choose to use the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information shown in Table 7.
  • the association relationship of the pilot characteristic information for example, Table 1 can be associated with at least one of the scenario type, user category or channel status
  • Table 7 can be associated with at least one of the scenario type, user category or channel status
  • the first network The device may select an association relationship between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information (Table 1 or Table 7) based on at least one of the scenario type, user category, or channel status.
  • the first network device sends information indicating the first pilot set to the first terminal device.
  • the first network device sends pilot indication information to the first terminal device.
  • the pilot indication information indicates the first pilot set.
  • the first terminal device receives pilot indication information from the first network device.
  • the first terminal device determines the first pilot set according to the pilot indication information. In this way, the first terminal device can determine which pilot in the pilot set to use based on the pilot indication information. This solution can reduce the workload of the first terminal device and reduce the power consumption of the first terminal device.
  • multiple pilot sets can be preset.
  • the first pilot set is a pilot set among the multiple pilot sets.
  • the pilot indication information may be a sequence identifier indicating all pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the pilot indication information indicates some of the pilots in the first pilot set, for example, the pilot indication information is: the sequence identifier of each pilot in some of the pilots in the first pilot set.
  • the first terminal device can determine the first pilot set based on the sequence identifier of the pilot in some of the pilots. It can be seen that this method can reduce the amount of data transmitted, thereby saving signaling overhead and improving data transmission efficiency.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information has a correlation with the first parameter.
  • the first network device determines the first parameter, and the first network device determines the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information based on the correlation between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information and the first parameter.
  • the first network device sends the pilot indication information according to the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be flexibly changed according to the specific value of the first parameter, thereby further improving the flexibility of the solution. For example, when the number of pilots in the first pilot set associated with the first parameter is relatively large, the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information may be larger.
  • the number of pilots in the first pilot set associated with the first parameter is relatively large.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be smaller.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of data to be transmitted and reducing the delay.
  • the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information has an association relationship with the first parameter.
  • the association relationship may be predefined by the protocol, or it may be informed by the network device to the terminal device through signaling, or it may also be the protocol. Multiple associations are predefined, and the network device notifies the terminal device of one of the associations to be used through signaling.
  • the first terminal device determines the first parameter, and the first terminal device determines the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information based on the correlation between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information and the first parameter.
  • the first terminal device obtains the pilot indication information from a preset position of the message carrying the pilot indication information according to the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information, and the first terminal device determines the first pilot set according to the pilot indication information.
  • the correlation between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information and the first parameter may be preset, or may be sent by the first network device to the first terminal device.
  • the pilot indication information occupies 3 bits and can indicate the first 8 pilots in the pilot set (the number of pilots included in the pilot set is greater than 8).
  • the pilot indication information occupies 4 bits and can indicate the first 16 pilots in the pilot set (the number of pilots included in the pilot set is greater than 16). It can be seen that in this embodiment, a subset can be used to indicate a set, thereby saving signaling overhead.
  • Table 8 illustrates an example of the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the first parameter includes the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device.
  • the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information may be at least one row in Table 8.
  • Table 9 illustrates an example of the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the first parameter includes size information of the applicable location of the first terminal device.
  • the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information may be at least one row in Table 9.
  • Table 10 illustrates an example of the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the first parameter includes a data transmission bit error rate threshold.
  • the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information may be at least one row in Table 10.
  • Table 11 illustrates an example of the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the first parameter includes a data transmission rate threshold.
  • the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information may be at least one row in Table 11.
  • the first parameter has a correlation relationship with the number of bits occupied by multiple pilot indication information.
  • the first network device can determine which association to use this time based on some parameters.
  • Table 12 below illustrates yet another example of the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the first parameter includes the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device.
  • the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information may be at least one row in Table 12.
  • the first network device may choose to use the correlation between the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information shown in Table 8, or choose to use the first parameter and the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information shown in Table 12.
  • the correlation relationship between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information can be associated with at least one of the type of scenario, the scenario type of the applicable location, the user category or the channel status.
  • Table 12 can also be associated with the type of scenario, the type of the applicable location.
  • the first network device can determine and select one (Table 8 or Table 12) first parameter based on the scenario type, scene type of the applicable location, user category or channel status, etc. and the relationship between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • Step 202 The first network device obtains a pilot.
  • the pilot has an associated relationship with the first parameter, and the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable location, and the number of terminal devices in the applicable location. At least one of the size information, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, the data transmission rate threshold, the data transmission delay threshold, the data transmission bit error rate threshold, or the data transmission reliability threshold.
  • the pilot is a pilot in the pilots included in the first pilot set.
  • the first pilot set may include one or more pilots.
  • the first pilot set is associated with the first parameter.
  • the implementation manner in which the first network device obtains the pilot is similar to the manner in which the first terminal device obtains the pilot in the aforementioned step 201.
  • the first network device may receive information indicating the pilot from the first terminal device.
  • the first network device may determine the first pilot set, and then determine the pilot from the first pilot set.
  • the first network device determines the first pilot set. For example, the first network device obtains the first pilot feature information, and the first pilot feature information is associated with the first pilot set. The first network device determines the first pilot set according to the first pilot characteristic information. For another example, the first network device receives information indicating the first pilot set from the first terminal device.
  • the first network device and the first terminal device may obtain the first pilot characteristic information, and then determine the first pilot set based on the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first pilot characteristic information has a correlation relationship with the first parameter.
  • the first network device may generate the first pilot set according to the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first network device pre-configures the association between the first pilot set and the first pilot feature information.
  • the first network device determines the first pilot set based on the first pilot feature information.
  • the first network device may obtain the association between the first pilot set and the first pilot characteristic information from other devices. After obtaining the first pilot characteristic information, the first network device determines the first pilot characteristic information based on the first pilot characteristic information.
  • First pilot set the first pilot characteristic information based on the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the first pilot feature information is one candidate pilot feature information among multiple candidate pilot feature information.
  • the first network device may receive information indicating multiple candidate pilot feature information from the first terminal device.
  • the implementation of the first network device determining the first pilot characteristic information may refer to the aforementioned embodiment A2-b1.
  • the first network device may receive information indicating the first pilot characteristic information from the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device may determine the first parameter, and the first terminal device determines the first pilot feature information based on the first parameter and the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information. Then the first terminal device sends information indicating the first pilot characteristic information to the first network device.
  • the first network device may determine the first pilot characteristic information according to the first parameter.
  • the association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information is predefined by the protocol, or configured by the first network device, or may be sent by the first terminal device to the first network device.
  • the first network device may receive information indicating the first pilot set from the first terminal device.
  • the first network device may receive pilot indication information from the first terminal device.
  • pilot indication information For relevant content of the pilot indication information, please refer to the foregoing embodiment A2-b2, which will not be described again.
  • the implementation manner in which the first network device obtains the pilot is similar to the manner in which the first terminal device obtains the pilot in step 201, and will not be described again.
  • Step 203 The first terminal device communicates with the first network device according to the pilot.
  • the pilot used by the terminal device is related to the first parameter, and because the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable location, The density of terminal devices, the size information of the applicable place, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, the data transmission rate threshold, the data transmission delay threshold, the data transmission bit error rate threshold, or the data transmission reliability threshold at least one of. It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present application, pilots are set according to different scenarios, different business requirements, etc., thereby improving the rationality of pilot settings, and thus improving communication performance.
  • the association relationship between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information can be calculated by a network device (such as a first network device), or can be calculated by a terminal device (such as a first terminal device), or can be executed by other devices.
  • the scheme for establishing the association relationship between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information can be used in combination with the scheme shown in Figure 2 above, or can be implemented separately.
  • the association relationship between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information can be generated by the implementation provided in the embodiment of the present application. The following is an exemplary introduction through implementation C1 and implementation C2 respectively.
  • the first network device establishes an association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information may be predefined by the protocol, or may be informed by the network device to the terminal device through signaling, or may be predefined by the protocol.
  • Multiple associations the network device notifies the terminal device of one of the associations used through signaling.
  • the first pilot characteristic information may include pilot information of the pilot corresponding to the first parameter (such as the number of pilots), and the first pilot characteristic information may also include pilot allocation information.
  • FIG. 3 exemplarily shows a flow chart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • This solution is used to establish an association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the implementation shown in Figure 3 can be executed by a terminal device, a network device, or other devices.
  • the first device executes the solution shown in Figure 3 as an example.
  • the first device in the embodiment of the present application may be a network device, a terminal device, or other devices.
  • implementation mode C1 since the first network device establishes an association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information, the steps in FIG. 3 are introduced by taking the execution subject of the solution as the first network device as an example.
  • methods include:
  • Step 301 The first network device obtains channel state information between one or more terminal devices and one or more network devices.
  • the first network device sends a reference signal to the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device receives the reference signal.
  • the transmitting end device transmits a reference signal known to the receiving end device, and the reference signal is received by the receiving end device after propagating through the channel.
  • the receiving device estimates the channel by comparing the received reference signal with a known reference signal.
  • the reference signal may include but is not limited to sounding reference signal (SRS), channel state information reference signal (channel state information reference signal, CSI-RS), perception reference signal and other reference signals.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • perception reference signal and other reference signals.
  • the reference signal is used to measure the channel between the first network device and the first terminal device, and obtain channel state information required for scheduling and link adaptation, such as precoding matrix, channel quality information, etc. It should also be understood that the channel state information in the embodiments of the present application includes large-scale information.
  • the network device may receive a reference signal from the terminal device, and determine channel state information between the network device and each terminal device based on the reference signal from the terminal device.
  • the channel state information may be large-scale information, for example.
  • the first network device sends a reference signal, and the reference signal is used to determine channel state information between the first network device and a terminal device among the plurality of terminal devices.
  • the first terminal device receives a reference signal from a first network device among one or more network devices, and the first terminal device determines channel state information with the first network device according to the reference signal.
  • the first terminal device sends channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the first network device.
  • the first network device receives channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device from the first terminal device.
  • other terminal devices can also send reference signals to the first network device, and obtain channel state information between them and the first network device based on the reference signals.
  • Network devices may also interact with each other. For example, a first network device may receive channel state information between the network device and one or more terminal devices from other network devices. Through this solution, the first network device obtains channel state information between one or more terminal devices and one or more network devices.
  • the first network device sends reporting instruction information to the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device receives the reporting instruction information from the first network device.
  • the reporting indication information can be carried in scheduling information (such as downlink control information (DCI)) or radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) messages.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the reporting indication information indicates that the first terminal device periodically sends the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device.
  • the reporting indication information also includes: the periodic duration of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device, the resource information of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device, the resource information of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device received by the first network device, the number of bits occupied by the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device sent by the first terminal device, or at least one of the number of bits occupied by the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device received by the first receiving point.
  • the first network device can report the channel state information according to the reporting indication information.
  • the first terminal device when the amount of change in the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than a preset threshold value for the amount of change in the channel state information, the first terminal device sends updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the first network device.
  • the first network device receives the updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device from the first terminal device.
  • the updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is sent by the first terminal device when the amount of change in the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than a preset threshold value for the amount of change in the channel state information. In this way, the first network device can communicate based on the latest channel state information.
  • the channel state information change threshold is preset, or is indicated by information indicating the channel state information change threshold from the first network device.
  • the channel state information change threshold has a correlation relationship with the first parameter. For example, two channel state information change thresholds associated with two different first parameters are different. For example, the change thresholds of two channel state information corresponding to different scenarios can be different. Another example is that the change thresholds of two channel state information corresponding to different rates can be different. Another example is that the two channels corresponding to different bit error rates can be different. The status information change thresholds can be different. Setting different thresholds can meet the needs of channel state information under different scene conditions and can also reduce the overhead of feedback signaling.
  • Step 302 The first network device determines the second pilot characteristic information associated with the first parameter according to the channel state information.
  • the second pilot characteristic information includes pilot quantity and pilot allocation information.
  • the pilot allocation information indicates how the number of pilots is allocated among the plurality of terminal devices. For the relevant information about the first parameter, please refer to the previous introduction and will not be described again.
  • the first network device may determine the second pilot characteristic information based on the Dsatur algorithm or based on the orthogonal pilot allocation scheme.
  • the pilot allocation information determined based on the orthogonal pilot allocation scheme may indicate that one pilot is allocated to each terminal device. For example, if there are K terminal devices in total, the second pilot characteristic information indicates that K pilots are required, any two pilots are different, and K is a positive integer.
  • the pilot allocation information in the second pilot characteristic information determined based on the Dsatur algorithm may indicate that there is a terminal device that multiplexes one pilot.
  • the second pilot characteristic information indicates that there are at least two terminals, and at least two terminals multiplex one pilot. This can reduce the number of pilots.
  • Step 303 The first network device determines a first number of terminal devices that meet a preset rate requirement value based on the second pilot characteristic information.
  • Step 304 When the first number is less than the preset user number threshold, the first network device updates the second pilot feature information associated with the first parameter to obtain the first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter.
  • step 304 when the first number is less than the preset user number threshold, the number of pilots indicated by the second pilot characteristic information is increased to obtain the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the second pilot characteristic information indicates that the first terminal device and the second terminal device reuse the same pilot.
  • a first requirement is set, and the first requirement indicates that the first terminal device and the second terminal device cannot reuse the same pilot.
  • One or more iterations are performed according to the first requirement until a preset iteration stop condition is met, and first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter is obtained.
  • the second pilot characteristic information indicates that the first terminal device multiplexes the first pilot with multiple third terminal devices.
  • the second terminal device is the third terminal device that is physically closest to the first terminal device among the plurality of third terminal devices.
  • the first network device may go through multiple iterations and finally obtain the first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter.
  • the preset iteration stop condition includes at least one of the following: the number of terminal devices that meet the preset rate demand value is not less than the preset user number threshold (the preset user number threshold can be, for example, the first terminal device in the applicable location the number of all terminal devices included); the difference between the current number of pilots and the initial value of the number of pilots is greater than a preset value; or the number of iterations is greater than the preset number of iterations.
  • the first parameter may include, for example, the number K of terminal devices and/or the number M of network devices.
  • a possible example of determining the first pilot characteristic information associated with the first parameter is introduced below through an example.
  • the pilot allocation scheme method provided by the embodiment of this application is described in detail.
  • the method may include steps 1 to 6.
  • the meanings of various parameters involved in steps 1 to 6 below may be referred to each other and will not be described again.
  • Step 1 The terminal device k selects the network device set to be connected to it according to the large-scale channel ratio
  • the k-direction set of terminal devices The network device sends an orthogonal pilot sequence, the number of pilots is ⁇ , ⁇ K, K is the default value, and the time used for pilot transmission is ⁇ /Bw seconds (second, s), where Bw is the system bandwidth occupied.
  • the number of terminal devices sharing the same pilot can be set not to exceed a preset number threshold, thereby reducing interference, improving reliability, and simplifying the calculation process of the algorithm.
  • the value of k can be a positive integer from 1 to K, and the mathematical expression can be expressed as
  • Step 2 For the network device among the M network devices, after the network device receives the pilot sequence, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm is used to estimate the distance between the terminal device connected to it and the network device. channel and feeds the channel information back to the terminal device.
  • MMSE minimum mean square error
  • the pilot sequence sent by the k-th terminal device is recorded as q k , and MMSE channel estimation is adopted.
  • the channel estimation value of the m-th network device to the k-th terminal device is: Where ⁇ m,k is the large-scale channel gain from the kth terminal device to the mth network device, is the transmission power of the pilot signal of a communication device k, is the pilot signal matrix received by the mth network device,
  • Pilots cannot be reused between two terminal devices connected to the same network device.
  • k and k ⁇ are two terminal devices.
  • the pilot sequence sent by the k ⁇ th terminal device is recorded as q k ⁇
  • M k is the The network device connected to k terminal devices
  • M k ⁇ is the network device connected to the k ⁇ th terminal device
  • the intersection of the network device connected to the k ⁇ th terminal device and the kth terminal device is not empty
  • Step 3 The terminal device performs uplink data transmission.
  • Step 4 The network device derives the rate lower bound of each terminal device under the delay requirement (T) and high reliability ( ⁇ k ) requirement.
  • the lower bound of the achievable rate of the terminal device k can be expressed as:
  • each terminal device can be calculated to obtain the rate lower bound of the terminal device.
  • ⁇ k is the transmission error probability of terminal device k, is the ratio of the total number of pilots to the total number of code blocks corresponding to pilots and data.
  • Step 5 The network device sets the rate lower bound to meet the preset minimum uplink rate requirement based on the rate lower bound of the uplink data of each terminal device calculated in step 4.
  • the terminal devices are put into the set S.
  • the establishment aims to maximize the number of terminal devices in the set S, while meeting the delay requirement T, transmission error probability ⁇ k and the minimum uplink rate requirement. By solving the optimization model, the number of pilots and the pilot allocation plan can be obtained.
  • the optimization model is established as: (P0)max
  • This constraint means that pilots cannot be reused between two terminal devices connected to the same network device.
  • k and k ⁇ are two terminal devices.
  • the pilot sequence sent by the k ⁇ th terminal device is recorded as q k ⁇ .
  • M k is the network device connected to the k-th terminal device
  • M k ⁇ is the network device connected to the k ⁇ -th terminal device
  • the intersection of the network devices connected to the k ⁇ -th terminal device and the k-th terminal device If not empty, the pilots of the two terminal devices are orthogonal.
  • a constraint can also be added: the number of terminal devices sharing the same pilot can be set not to exceed a preset number threshold, thereby reducing interference, improving reliability, and simplifying the calculation process of the algorithm. .
  • Step 6 The network device solves the optimization model and obtains the number of pilots and pilot allocation information.
  • step 6 may include steps 6.1 to 6.7.
  • the following is an example of 15 devices randomly distributed in a 200m*200m smart factory.
  • Step 6.1 Based on the principle that pilots cannot be reused between two terminal devices connected to the same network device, the network device establishes a K ⁇ K binary matrix B, in which the elements b k, k of the kth row and k'th column ′ can be expressed as
  • FIG. 5A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of an undirected graph provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Each black circle in Figure 5A represents a terminal device.
  • Figure 5A exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the location distribution of each terminal device in a smart factory. The numbers near the black circle represent the label of the terminal device.
  • the number of pilots ⁇ Dsa and pilot allocation information can be obtained using the Dsatur algorithm.
  • the allocation scheme may be as shown in Figure 5B.
  • Figure 5B exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of a pilot allocation scheme corresponding to the undirected graph shown in Figure 5A.
  • the pilot allocation scheme based on the Dsatur algorithm
  • connected terminal devices cannot use the same pilot.
  • the number of pilots ⁇ Dsa is 5, and the pilot allocation information
  • the terminal device 1, the terminal device 9 and the terminal device 13 share a pilot.
  • Step 6.2 The network device uses the number of pilots ⁇ Dsa calculated in step 6.1 and the pilot allocation information. Substitute into the model (P0)max
  • the second pilot characteristic information associated with the first parameter may include the number of pilots ⁇ Dsa calculated based on the Dsatur algorithm in step 6.1 and the pilot allocation information. Or based on the pilot number ⁇ Dsa and pilot allocation information calculated based on the Dsatur algorithm Determine second pilot characteristic information.
  • the first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter can be determined based on the second pilot feature information (for example, The second pilot characteristic information is used as the first pilot characteristic information), and the calculation process ends. If the number of terminal devices in the set S recalculated based on the Dsatur algorithm is less than the number K, the pilot allocation plan and pilot data can be further iterated, for example, the following step 6.3 can be performed.
  • the network device determines the number of pilots based on the orthogonal pilot allocation scheme, and the number of pilots determined based on the orthogonal pilot allocation scheme (ie, the number K) is the same as the number K of the terminal devices.
  • the pilot allocation information determined based on the orthogonal pilot allocation scheme may indicate that each terminal device is allocated one pilot. Substitute the pilot allocation information into the model (P0)max
  • the network device recalculates the number of terminal devices in the set S, that is, recalculates the rate lower bound of the terminal device according to the aforementioned solution, and sets the rate lower bound to meet the preset minimum uplink rate requirement. terminal devices into the set S, and then calculate the number of terminal devices in the updated set S.
  • the second pilot characteristic information associated with the first parameter may also include the number of pilots and the pilot allocation scheme determined based on the orthogonal pilot allocation scheme in step 6.1, or calculated based on the orthogonal pilot allocation scheme.
  • the number of pilots K and the pilot allocation plan determine the second pilot characteristic information.
  • the first pilot feature associated with the first parameter can be determined according to the second pilot feature information. information (for example, determining the second pilot characteristic information as the first pilot characteristic information), and the calculation process ends. If the number of terminal devices in the set S recalculated based on the orthogonal pilot allocation scheme is less than the number K, the pilot allocation scheme and pilot data can be further iterated, for example, the following step 6.3 can be performed.
  • Step 6.3 The network device updates the pilot allocation plan and pilot number through one or more iterations until the preset iteration stop condition is reached, stops iteration, and determines the third pilot allocation plan based on the latest pilot number and pilot allocation plan obtained. First pilot characteristic information associated with a parameter.
  • the network device may, for example, use the latest obtained number of pilots and pilot allocation plan as the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the following takes the t-th iteration process as an example to introduce the iteration process.
  • the value of t is 0 or a positive integer.
  • the pilot allocation plan corresponding to the larger plan in the set S obtained from the cross pilot allocation plan; is the uplink data transmission rate of terminal device k' that multiplexes pilot i
  • the set of terminal devices that multiplex pilot i and cannot meet the rate requirement is defined as It is one or more terminal devices in the set of terminal devices that cannot meet the rate requirement in the multiplexed pilot i; away from the terminal device
  • the terminal device with the closest physical distance and multiplexing pilot i is defined as expressible Among them, U k′ and represents the terminal device k′ and the terminal device
  • the two-dimensional coordinates of the position; the objective function value of the problem (P0) is Obj (t) ; Search range for pilot length.
  • the pilot length search range may refer to performing search iterations within the difference interval between the pilot length and the pilot length of the initial plan when determining the pilot plan in the iterative algorithm. For example, if the pilot length of the initial solution is s1 and the pilot length search range is n, then the pilot length in the iterative algorithm is sl-n ⁇ s1+n, or s1 ⁇ s1+n, etc.
  • the maximum number of devices can be the number of terminal devices in the set S calculated in the Dsatur algorithm and orthogonal pilot allocation scheme in step 6.2); Equal to the number of pilots obtained based on the Dsatur algorithm in step 6.2; It is equal to the pilot allocation scheme obtained based on the Dsatur algorithm in step 6.2.
  • For terminal devices that cannot meet the rate requirements for example, it can be the terminal device with the smallest calculated rate lower bound.
  • the device is called the first terminal device as an example) and find the device away from the terminal (For example, this terminal device can be called the first terminal device)
  • the terminal device with the closest physical location (This terminal device may be called a second terminal device, and the terminal device with terminal device using the same pilot), can be written as the following expression
  • a terminal device that does not meet the rate requirement may be subject to greater interference, so the first requirement can be set.
  • the first requirement indicates that the first terminal device and the second terminal device cannot reuse the same pilot, again constructing a new undirected graph. That is, increase the number of pilots and reconstruct a new undirected graph.
  • the number of iterations can be updated, such as setting the number of iterations t plus 1. And use the previous iteration result as the input of the next iteration, for example, according to renew and The values are all 1.
  • Update B (t) B (t-1) , based on the obtained B (t) .
  • Figure 5C exemplarily shows a possible schematic diagram after iteration of Figure 5B.
  • a new connection between terminal device 1 and terminal device 9 is added on the basis of Figure 5B.
  • Two connected terminal devices cannot share a pilot.
  • the newly constructed undirected graph has new connections shown as dotted lines.
  • Figure 5D exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the pilot allocation scheme determined based on the undirected graph shown in Figure 5C.
  • the terminal device 1 and the terminal device 9 do not share pilots.
  • the terminal device 1, the terminal device 11 and the terminal device 12 share the same pilot.
  • the number of pilots is recalculated using the Dsatur algorithm. and pilot allocation scheme
  • the new objective function value Obj (t) can also be obtained. Furthermore, it can be determined whether the iteration stop condition is met. If it is met, the iteration can be stopped. According to the latest number of pilots obtained and pilot allocation scheme Obtain first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter. If it is not satisfied, you can continue to the next iteration.
  • the iteration stop condition may include: the difference between the current number of pilots and the initial value of the number of pilots is greater than the pilot length search range, which can be expressed as Or the iteration stop condition may include that the number of iterations is greater than the preset number of iterations (the preset number of iterations is, for example, 20), which can be expressed as t>20, for example.
  • the first terminal device determines pilot characteristic information.
  • the way in which the first terminal device determines the pilot characteristic information is basically similar to the way in which the first network device determines the pilot characteristic information.
  • the above steps 302, 303 and 304 can be executed by the first terminal device,
  • the specific implementation plan is similar to the above content and will not be described again.
  • the first terminal device Before performing step 302, the first terminal device needs to obtain channel state information between one or more terminal devices and one or more network devices.
  • the first pilot characteristic information is determined based on channel state information between one or more terminal devices and one or more network devices, and the plurality of terminal devices include the first terminal device.
  • the first terminal device may determine the channel state information between the first terminal device and the network device (such as the first network device) by receiving reference signals from one or more network devices (such as the first network device).
  • the network device can deliver the channel state information between the network device and other terminal devices.
  • the first terminal device can obtain the channel state information between the network device and the other terminal devices.
  • the first terminal device can obtain the channel state information between the network device and the other terminal devices.
  • the terminal device sends channel state information between the terminal device and one or more network devices to the first terminal device. Taking the following as an example in which multiple terminal devices also include one or more second terminal devices, this part of the content will be introduced through the following implementation mode C2-1 and implementation mode C2-2.
  • Embodiment C2-1 The first network device unicasts, multicasts or broadcasts the channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device of one or more network devices.
  • each network device sends a reference signal.
  • Each terminal device may determine channel state information between each terminal device and the network device based on the received reference signal.
  • Each terminal device can feed back channel status information to each network device.
  • the network device may receive a reference signal from the terminal device, and determine channel state information between the network device and each terminal device based on the reference signal from the terminal device.
  • the network device may send the channel status information between the terminal device and the network device through unicast, multicast or broadcast.
  • the network device can send channel state information between the terminal device and the network device through (common RRC signaling or group DCI).
  • the first network device unicasts, multicasts or broadcasts the channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device of one or more network devices.
  • the information indicating the channel state information between the second terminal device and the first network device may be carried in scheduling information (such as DCI) or RRC messages.
  • Other network devices may also send channel status information between the network device and the terminal device through unicast, multicast or broadcast.
  • the first network device sends to the first terminal device channel status information indicating channel status between the second terminal device and the first network device among the plurality of network devices.
  • the first terminal device can obtain channel state information between one or more terminal devices and one or more network devices.
  • the second terminal device when the change amount of the channel state information between the second terminal device and the first network device is greater than the preset channel state information change threshold, the second terminal device: Send updated channel state information between the second terminal device and the first network device to the first network device.
  • the first network device receives updated channel state information between the second terminal device and the first network device from the second terminal device. Further, the first network device may send updated channel state information between the second terminal device and the first network device to other terminal devices in a unicast, multicast or broadcast manner. This allows the first terminal device to obtain the latest channel state information between the second terminal device and the first network device, and then determine the communication conditions more accurately.
  • the first terminal device receives unicast or multicast information from the second terminal device indicating channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device among the plurality of network devices.
  • each network device sends a reference signal.
  • Each terminal device may determine channel state information between each terminal device and the network device based on the received reference signal.
  • Various terminal devices may interact with each other, so that one terminal device sends (such as unicast or multicast) channel state information between the terminal device and the network device to other terminal devices (such as the first terminal device).
  • the first terminal device receives unicast or multicast information from the second terminal device indicating channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device among the plurality of network devices.
  • the first terminal device may also send (such as unicast transmission) channel state information between the first terminal device and one or more network devices to other terminal devices (such as a second terminal device).
  • the first terminal device multicasts the first terminal to the terminals in the first terminal device group (for example, the first terminal device group includes one or more terminal devices, for example, it may include one or more second terminal devices).
  • Channel state information (or may also be called uplink channel state information) between the device and one or more network devices (such as the first network device).
  • each other terminal device can communicate between the terminal device and the network device through unicast.
  • the channel state information between the terminal devices is sent to the head user, and then the head user can multicast the communication between each terminal device and the network device in the first terminal device group to other terminal devices in the first terminal device group.
  • Channel status information For example, if a terminal device is set as the head user in the first terminal device group, and a second terminal device is set as the head user, then each other terminal device can communicate between the terminal device and the network device through unicast.
  • the channel state information between the terminal devices is sent to the head user, and then the head user can multicast the communication between each terminal device and the network device in the first terminal device group to other terminal devices in the first terminal device group.
  • the second terminal device when the change amount of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than a preset channel state information change threshold, the second terminal device: The first terminal device sends (unicast or multicast) updated channel state information between the second terminal device and the first network device.
  • a terminal device sends (unicast or multicast) updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to other terminal devices.
  • the solution for determining the first pilot characteristic information associated with the first parameter provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be executed by other devices, such as other equipment.
  • the other equipment can obtain channel state information between multiple terminal devices and multiple network devices from the terminal device and/or the network device.
  • the pilot allocation solution is optimized based on the channel state information of the terminal device and the network device.
  • ultra-high reliability and ultra-low latency communication Ultra Reliable&Low Latency Communication
  • uRLLC Ultra-low latency communication
  • new requirements can be set, such as sharing the original pilot allocation scheme with the terminal device.
  • the terminal device with the same pilot is set so that it cannot share the same pilot with the terminal device, and the pilot allocation scheme is recalculated based on the new requirement. After many iterations, the purpose of optimizing the pilot allocation scheme is achieved.
  • Figure 6 exemplarily shows a schematic diagram of the effect of applying the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application and the scheme of applying the Dsatur algorithm.
  • Figure 6 (a), Figure 6 (b), Figure 6 (c) and Figure 6 (d) show the pilot allocation scheme of terminal devices in a region.
  • Figure 6 except for the small black dots representing base stations, other shapes (triangles, diamonds, hollow circles, crosses, x-shaped, stars, etc.) all represent terminal devices, and terminal device identifiers of the same shape can share the same pilot.
  • the terminal device with (NO) written next to it indicates that the terminal device cannot meet the rate requirement.
  • the number of pilots allocated to the terminal device in the area shown in Figure 6 (a) is 14, the number of pilots allocated to the terminal device in the area shown in Figure 6 (c) is 13, and the number of pilots allocated to the terminal device in the area shown in Figure 6 (b) and Figure 6 (d) is 12.
  • (a) in FIG6 and (c) in FIG6 are pilot allocation schematic diagrams obtained by applying the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application
  • (b) in FIG6 and (d) in FIG6 are pilot allocation schematic diagrams obtained by applying the Dsatur algorithm.
  • sending information to a terminal device may be understood to mean that the destination of the information is the terminal device.
  • module A sending information to the terminal includes: module A sends the information to the terminal through the air interface.
  • module A can perform baseband and/or medium radio frequency operations on the information; or module A submits the information to module B.
  • module B sends this information to the terminal.
  • module B sends the information to the terminal it may transparently transmit the information, segment the information and then send the information, or multiplex the information with other information before sending the information.
  • module B can perform baseband and/or medium radio frequency operations on the information and then send the information, etc.
  • module B can encapsulate this information in a data packet.
  • module B can also add headers and/or padding bits to the data packet.
  • receiving information from a terminal device can be understood to mean that the origin of the information is the terminal device.
  • module A receiving information from a terminal device includes: module A receiving the information from the terminal through the air interface.
  • module A can perform baseband and/or medium radio frequency operations on the information; or module B receiving the information from the terminal through the air interface. information and submit the information to module A.
  • module B submits the information to module A, including: transparently submitting the received information to module A, combining the received multiple segments into the information and then submitting it to module A, or reusing the information from The information is extracted and submitted to module A.
  • module B can perform baseband and/or medium radio frequency operations on the received information and then send the information, etc.
  • the information received by module B is encapsulated in a data packet.
  • the data packet includes a header and/or stuffing bits, etc.
  • module B may be one module, or multiple modules coupled in sequence, without limitation.
  • module A is a DU module
  • module B is an RU module
  • module A is a CU-CP module
  • module B is a DU module and an RU module.
  • each network element implemented above includes a corresponding hardware structure and/or software module for executing each function.
  • the present invention can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed by hardware or computer software driving the hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 1301 is used to implement the functions of the network element in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the network element may be a base station, a terminal, a DU, a CU, a CU-CP, a CU-UP or a RU.
  • the device 1301 can be the network element, or a device that can be installed in the network element, or a device that can be used in conjunction with the network element, without limitation.
  • the device can be a chip or a chip system.
  • Device 1301 includes an interface 1303 and a processor 1302.
  • the processor 1302 is used to execute the program 1305.
  • the processor 1302 may store the program 1305, or obtain the program 1305 from other devices or other devices (eg, from the memory 1304 or downloaded from a third-party website, etc.).
  • device 1301 includes memory 1304.
  • Memory 1304 is used to store programs 1306.
  • the program 1306 can be stored in advance or loaded later.
  • the memory 1304 can also be used to store necessary data.
  • Processor 1302 may include one or more processors as a combination of computing devices.
  • the processor 1302 may include one or more of the following: a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a digital signal processing device (DSPD), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a field programmable gate array. (FPGA), programmable logic device (PLD), gated logic, transistor logic, discrete hardware circuits, processing circuits or other suitable hardware, firmware, and/or configured to perform the various functions described in the embodiments of this application A combination of hardware and software.
  • Processor 1302 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor.
  • processor 1302 may be a baseband processor or a central processing unit.
  • the baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data.
  • the central processing unit can be used to execute software programs and process data in the software programs.
  • Interface 1303 may include any suitable hardware or software for enabling communication with one or more computer devices (eg, network elements of embodiments of the present application).
  • interface 1303 may include terminals and/or pins for wires coupling a wired connection or a wireless interface coupling a wireless connection.
  • interface 1303 may include transmitters, receivers, interfaces, and/or antennas. The interface may be configured to enable communication between computer devices (such as the network elements of the embodiments of the present application) using any available protocol (such as the 3GPP standard protocol).
  • the program in the embodiment of this application refers to software in a broad sense.
  • Software can be program code, a program, a subroutine, an instruction set, a code, a code segment, a software module, an application, a software application, etc.
  • the program may be run in a processor and/or computer to perform various functions and/or processes described in the embodiments of this application.
  • Memory 1304 may store necessary data required when processor 1302 executes software.
  • Memory 1304 may be implemented using any suitable storage technology.
  • memory 1304 may be any available storage medium accessible to a processor and/or computer.
  • Non-limiting examples of storage media include: random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), removable media, optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage media, magnetic storage devices, flash memory, registers, state memory, remote installation memory, local or remote memory components , or any other medium that can carry or store software, data or information and be accessible by a processor/computer.
  • the memory 1304 and the processor 1302 can be provided separately or integrated together.
  • Processor 1302 may read information from memory 1304, store and/or write information in memory.
  • Memory 1304 may be integrated into processor 1302.
  • the processor 1302 and the memory 1304 may be provided in an integrated circuit (such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the integrated circuit may be provided in the network element or other network node in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the dotted line on the memory 1304 in the figure further indicates that the memory is optional.
  • the communication device 1301 may further include a bus system, wherein the processor 1302 , the memory 1304 , and the interface 1303 may be connected via the bus system.
  • the device 1301 may be a first terminal device or a first network device, or may be a chip or circuit.
  • the chip or circuit may be provided on the first terminal device, or may be provided on the first network device. chip or circuit inside.
  • the processor 1302 is used to obtain a pilot signal and communicate according to the pilot signal.
  • the pilot signal is associated with a first parameter, and the first parameter includes at least one of the number of network devices in the applicable place of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable place of the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable place, the size information of the applicable place, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, the data transmission rate threshold, the data transmission delay threshold, the data transmission bit error rate threshold, or the data transmission reliability threshold.
  • the processor 1302 is configured to determine the first parameter, and determine the first pilot feature information based on the first parameter and the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to receive information from the first network device indicating an association between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to receive pilot indication information from the first network device, where the pilot indication information indicates a first pilot set, and the processor 1302 is configured to determine the first pilot according to the pilot indication information. gather.
  • the processor 1302 is configured to determine the first parameter, determine the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information according to the correlation between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information and the first parameter, and determine the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information according to the relationship between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information and the first parameter.
  • the number of bits, the pilot indication information is obtained from a preset position of the message carrying the pilot indication information, and the first pilot set is determined according to the pilot indication information.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to receive information indicating the pilot from the first network device.
  • the processor 1302 is configured to determine the pilot according to the information indicating the pilot.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to receive a reference signal from a first network device among multiple network devices.
  • the processor 1302 is configured to determine channel state information with the first network device according to the reference signal.
  • the interface 1303 is used to send channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the first network device.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to receive reporting instruction information from the first network device.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to receive unicast, multicast or broadcast information from the first network device indicating channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to receive unicast or multicast information from the second terminal device indicating channel status information between the second terminal device and the first network device.
  • the interface 1303 is used to send channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the second terminal device.
  • the interface 1303 is used to multicast channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the terminal devices in the first terminal device group.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to: when the change amount of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than a preset channel state information change threshold value: Send updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device.
  • interface 1303 is used to send updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device to the second terminal device when the change in channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than a preset channel state information change threshold.
  • the interface 1303 is used to: when the change amount of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than a preset channel state information change threshold value: The terminals in the group multicast the updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device.
  • the processor 1302 is used to obtain a pilot and communicate with the first terminal device according to the pilot.
  • the pilot has an associated relationship with the first parameter, and the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable location, and the number of terminal devices in the applicable location. At least one of the size information, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, the data transmission rate threshold, the data transmission delay threshold, the data transmission bit error rate threshold, or the data transmission reliability threshold.
  • the processor 1302 is configured to determine the first parameter, and determine the first pilot feature information based on the first parameter and the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot feature information.
  • the interface 1303 is configured to send information indicating the correlation between the first parameter and the first pilot characteristic information to the first terminal device.
  • the interface 1303 is used to send pilot indication information to the first terminal device, where the pilot indication information indicates the first pilot set.
  • the processor 1302 is configured to determine the first parameter, determine the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information according to the correlation between the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information and the first parameter, and the first network device determines the number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information according to The number of bits occupied by the pilot indication information.
  • the pilot indication information is sent through the interface 1303.
  • the interface 1303 is used to send information indicating the pilot to the first terminal device.
  • the interface 1303 is used to send a reference signal, and the reference signal is used to determine channel state information between the first network device and a terminal device among the plurality of terminal devices.
  • the interface 1303 is used to receive channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device from the first terminal device.
  • the interface 1303 is used to send reporting instruction information to the first terminal device.
  • the interface 1303 is used to unicast, multicast or broadcast to indicate channel status information between the first network device and the first terminal device.
  • the interface 1303 is used to unicast, multicast or broadcast to indicate channel status information between the first network device and the second terminal device.
  • the interface 1303 is used to receive updated channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device from the first terminal device.
  • the updated first terminal device and the first network device The channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is sent by the first terminal device when the change amount of the channel state information between the first terminal device and the first network device is greater than the preset channel state information change amount threshold.
  • the first device may be a terminal device, a network device, or other devices.
  • the processor 1302 is used to obtain multiple terminal devices and multiple Channel state information between network devices, determining second pilot characteristic information associated with the first parameter based on the channel state information, and determining a first number of terminal devices that meet a preset rate requirement value based on the second pilot characteristic information, When the first number is less than the preset user number threshold, the second pilot feature information associated with the first parameter is updated to obtain the first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter.
  • the processor 1302 is configured to increase the number of pilots indicated by the second pilot characteristic information to obtain the first pilot characteristic information when the first number is less than a preset user number threshold.
  • the processor 1302 is configured to, when the first number is less than a preset user number threshold, for the first terminal device that does not meet the rate requirement value, the second pilot characteristic information indicates the first terminal device Multiplex the same pilot with the second terminal device, set a first requirement, the first requirement indicates that the first terminal device and the second terminal device cannot reuse the same pilot, and perform one or more iterations according to the first requirement until When the preset iteration stop condition is met, the first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter is obtained.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 1401 may include a communication transceiver 1403 and a processor 1402. Further, the device 1401 may include a memory 1404. The dotted line on the memory 1404 in the figure further indicates that the memory is optional.
  • the communication transceiver 1403 is used to input and/or output information; the processor 1402 is used to execute computer programs or instructions, so that the device 1401 implements the first terminal device, the first network device or the related solution in the above-mentioned Figure 2 or Figure 3. First installation method.
  • the communication transceiver 1403 can implement the solution implemented by the interface 1303 of Figure 7
  • the processor 1402 can implement the solution implemented by the processor 1302 of Figure 7
  • the memory 1404 can implement the memory 1304 of Figure 7 The implemented solution will not be described again here.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 1501 can be a first terminal device, a first network device or a first device, or it can be
  • the chip or circuit may be, for example, a chip or circuit that may be provided in a first terminal device, another example may be a chip or circuit that may be provided in a second terminal device, or another example may be a chip or circuit that may be provided in a network device.
  • the device 1501 includes a processing unit 1502 and a communication unit 1503. Further, the device 1501 may or may not include a storage unit 1504. The memory unit 1504 in the figure is dotted to further indicate that the memory is optional.
  • the processing unit 1502 is used to obtain a pilot and perform communication according to the pilot.
  • the pilot has an associated relationship with the first parameter, and the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable location, and the number of terminal devices in the applicable location. At least one of the size information, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, the data transmission rate threshold, the data transmission delay threshold, the data transmission bit error rate threshold, or the data transmission reliability threshold.
  • the processing unit 1502 is used to obtain a pilot and communicate with the first terminal device according to the pilot.
  • the pilot has an associated relationship with the first parameter, and the first parameter includes the number of network devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the number of terminal devices in the applicable location of the first terminal device, the density of terminal devices in the applicable location, and the number of terminal devices in the applicable location. At least one of the size information, the scene type of the applicable place, the channel type corresponding to the applicable place, the data transmission rate threshold, the data transmission delay threshold, the data transmission bit error rate threshold, or the data transmission reliability threshold.
  • the processor 1302 is used to process the unit 1502 to obtain channel state information between multiple terminal devices and multiple network devices, Determine the second pilot characteristic information associated with the first parameter according to the channel state information, and determine the first number of terminal devices that meet the preset rate requirement value based on the second pilot characteristic information, when the first number is less than the preset number of users
  • the second pilot feature information associated with the first parameter is updated to obtain the first pilot feature information associated with the first parameter.
  • the above division of units of the communication device is only a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, they may be fully or partially integrated into a physical entity, or may be physically separated.
  • the communication unit 1503 can be implemented by the interface 1303 of Figure 7, and the processing unit 1502 can be implemented by the processor 1302 of Figure 7.
  • the present application also provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes: computer program code or instructions.
  • the computer program code or instructions When the computer program code or instructions are run on a computer, the computer causes the computer to execute Figure 2 Or the method of any one of the embodiments shown in Figure 3.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable medium stores program code.
  • the program code When the program code is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute Figure 2 or Figure 3 The method of any of the embodiments shown.
  • the present application also provides a chip system, and the chip system may include a processor.
  • the processor is coupled to the memory and can be used to execute the method of any one of the embodiments shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3.
  • the chip system also includes a memory.
  • Memory is used to store computer programs (also called codes, or instructions).
  • the processor is configured to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the device equipped with the chip system executes the method of any one of the embodiments shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3.
  • this application also provides a system, which includes one or more of the aforementioned network devices.
  • the system may also include one or more terminal devices, such as the first terminal device and/or the second terminal device involved in the embodiments of this application.
  • a computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • Computer instructions When computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, processes or functions according to embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • Computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, e.g., computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center via a wired link (e.g.
  • Coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless means to transmit to another website, computer, server or data center.
  • Computer-readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or other integrated media that contains one or more available media. Available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, tapes), optical media (e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVD)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid state disks (SSD) )wait.
  • magnetic media e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, tapes
  • optical media e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVD)
  • semiconductor media e.g., solid state disks (SSD)
  • the network equipment in each of the above apparatus embodiments corresponds to the network equipment or terminal equipment in the terminal equipment and method embodiments, and corresponding modules or units perform corresponding steps.
  • the communication unit transmits receiving or transmitting in the method embodiments.
  • the steps other than sending and receiving may be executed by the processing unit (processor).
  • the processing unit processor
  • a component may be, but is not limited to, a process, a processor, an object, an executable file, a thread of execution, a program and/or a computer running on a processor.
  • applications running on the computing device and the computing device may be components.
  • One or more components can reside in a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. Additionally, these components can execute from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • a component may, for example, be based on a signal having one or more data packets (eg, data from two components interacting with another component, a local system, a distributed system, and/or a network, such as the Internet, which interacts with other systems via signals) Communicate through local and/or remote processes.
  • data packets eg, data from two components interacting with another component, a local system, a distributed system, and/or a network, such as the Internet, which interacts with other systems via signals
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or integrated. to another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into one processing unit, each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.
  • Functions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种通信方法、相关装置、可读存储介质以及芯片系统，以期能够灵活配置导频的相关参数，满足更多的业务需求。本申请中，第一终端装置获取导频，导频与第一参数具有关联关系，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。第一终端装置根据导频进行通信。如此可以根据第一参数更加灵活的配置导频的相关参数，继而提高通信性能，满足更多的业务需求。

Description

一种通信方法、相关装置、可读存储介质以及芯片系统 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法、相关装置、可读存储介质以及芯片系统。
背景技术
超高可靠性低时延通信(ultra-reliability low latency communication，URLLC)作为第五代移动通信技术(5th generation mobile communication technology，5G)三大应用场景之一的一个典型场景，其对于自动驾驶、工业制造、车联网和智能电网等领域的广泛应用非常关键。URLLC在不同的场景下对时延、可靠性和带宽的要求是不同的。为了满足各个场景对时延和可靠性的需求，则需要确定通信系统中导频的相关参数，从而进行数据传输。
但是，目前用于配置导频的相关参数的方式不够灵活，可能无法满足例如URLLC业务等对时延和可靠性都要求较高的业务的需求。
发明内容
本申请提供一种通信方法、相关装置、可读存储介质以及芯片系统，以期能够灵活配置导频的相关参数，满足更多的业务需求。
第一方面，提供了一种通信方法，该方法可应用于第一终端装置，第一终端装置可以为终端设备，或者为终端设备内部的部件(如芯片、芯片系统、单元或模块等)执行，或者，还可以由能够实现全部或部分第一终端装置功能的逻辑模块或软件实现，本申请对此不作限定。
第一终端装置获取导频，导频与第一参数具有关联关系，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。第一终端装置根据导频进行通信。
基于上述方案，第一终端装置根据第一导频特征信息确定导频，第一导频特征信息与第一参数具有关联关系，又由于第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。如此可以根据第一参数更加灵活的配置导频的相关参数，继而提高通信性能，满足更多的业务需求。
应理解，导频(pilot)又称为参考信号或者训练序列，其对于发射端设备(第二通信设备)和接收端设备(第一通信设备)而言均为已知信号。发射端设备发发送已知的参考信号，该参考信号经过信道传播后被接收端设备接收。接收端设备通过将接收到的参考信号与已知的参考信号进行比较，来对信道进行估计。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频。第一导频集合与第一参数具有关联关系。相比导频与第一参数直接建立关联关系的方案，该方案可以简 化关联关系，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数确定出所需要使用的第一导频集合，继而通过该第一导频集合中的导频进行通信。
比如第一终端装置可以与其他终端装置之间相互协商以便确定第一终端装置所采用的导频，或者第一终端装置可以根据自网络设备的指示导频的信息确定第一终端装置所采用的导频，或者第一终端装置可以根据第一导频集合关联的导频分配信息确定第一终端装置所采用的导频。导频分配信息指示导频在多个终端装置之间的分配方式，比如导频分配信息可以指示第一导频集合中的导频对应的终端装置的标识。导频分配信息可以包括于后续涉及到的第一导频集合关联的第一导频特征信息中，也可以独立于第一导频特征信息独立设置。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频。第一导频集合与第一导频特征信息具有关联关系；第一导频特征信息包括：第一导频集合中的导频的密度、数目或长度中的至少一项。第一导频特征信息与第一参数具有关联关系。
相比导频与第一参数直接建立关联关系的方案，该方案可以简化关联关系，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数确定出所需要使用的导频的导频特征信息(比如第一导频特征信息)，继而可以根据第一导频特征信息获取导频。比如第一终端装置可以根据第一导频特征信息生成符合该导频特征信息的导频，比如第一终端装置可以与其他终端装置交互，以便该区域内的终端装置所分配的导频对应的导频特征信息符合第一导频特征信息的要求。再比如，第一终端装置根据第一导频特征信息与第一导频集合的关联关系，确定出第一导频集合，继而根据第一导频集合中的导频进行通信。又一种可能的实施方式中，第一导频特征信息还包括导频分配信息，导频分配信息指示各个导频在终端装置的分配方式，比如导频分配信息指示第一导频集合中的导频被分配的终端装置的标识。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一导频特征信息为多个候选导频特征信息中的一个候选导频特征信息。候选导频特征信息包括第一候选导频特征信息和第二候选导频特征信息；第一候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项；第二候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项。第一候选导频特征信息和第二候选导频特征信息中的导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项不同。
可以看出，本申请实施例中可以预设多个候选导频特征信息，不同两个候选导频特征信息可以关联不同的第一参数，如此，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数的具体值选择出与该第一参数匹配的候选导频特征信息，从而可以提高该方案的适用性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，多个候选导频特征信息为预定义的。或者，第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的指示多个候选导频特征信息的信息。如此可以提高方案的灵活性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置确定第一参数。第一终端装置根据第一参数，以及第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，确定第一导频特征信息。如此，第一终端装置可以自己获取第一参数，继而根据第一参数去获取第一导频特征信息。或者第一终端装置也可以从网络装置接收第一导频特征信息。如此，可以提高方案的灵活性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的指示第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系的信息。如此，第一终端装置可以根据接收到的第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，并结合第一参数查找出第一导频特征信息。也就是说，第一终端装置可以根据实际获取到的第一参数，通过查找关联关系的方式查找出第一导频特征 信息，从而可以减少与网络装置的信令交互流程，降低功耗。
一种可能的实施方式中，第一参数与多个导频特征信息具有关联关系，比如第一参数还与其他导频特征信息(比如导频特征信息a)具有关联关系。如此，第一网络装置可以根据一些参数确定此次使用那个关联关系，比如，第一网络装置根据适用场所的场景类型、用户类别或信道状态等确定此次使用第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系，则第一网络装置可以向第一终端装置发送第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系。
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系，关联关系可以是协议预定义的，或者，也可以是网络装置通过信令告知终端装置的，或者，也可以是协议预定义多个关联关系，网络装置通过信令告知终端装置使用的其中一个关联关系。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频，第一导频集合与第一参数具有关联关系。第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的导频指示信息，导频指示信息指示第一导频集合，第一终端装置根据导频指示信息确定第一导频集合。如此，第一终端装置可以根据导频指示信息确定出需采用哪个导频集合中的导频，该方案可以减少第一终端装置的工作量，降低第一终端装置的功耗。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数具有关联关系。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置确定第一参数，第一终端装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数的关联关系，确定导频指示信息占用的比特数。第一终端装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数，从承载导频指示信息的消息的预设位置获取导频指示信息。第一终端装置根据导频指示信息，确定第一导频集合。
如此，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以随着第一参数的具体值灵活变动，从而可以进一步提高方案的灵活性。比如第一参数关联的第一导频集合中的导频数量较多时，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以偏大一些，再比如第一参数关联的第一导频集合中的导频数量较少时，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以偏小一些。如此，在导频指示信息可以指示出第一导频集合的前提下，可以减少导频指示信息占用的比特数，进而可以减少需传输的数据量，降低时延。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频指示信息指示第一导频集合中的部分导频。比如导频指示信息为：部分导频中每个导频的序列标识。如此，第一终端装置可以根据部分导频中导频的序列标识确定出该第一导频集合。可以看出，该方式可以减少信息传输的数据量，从而节省信令开销，提高数据传输效率。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置接收来自第一网络设备的指示导频的信息。第一终端装置根据指示导频的信息，确定导频。如此，第一终端装置可以省去从第一导频集合中查找导频的步骤，从而可以减少第一终端装置的工作量，降低第一终端装置的功耗。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一导频特征信息是根据多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息确定的，多个终端装置包括第一终端装置。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置接收来自多个网络装置中的第一网络装置的参考信号，第一终端装置根据参考信号确定与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置根据参考信号确定与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息之后，第一终端装置向第一网络装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的上报指示信息。其 中，上报指示信息指示第一终端装置周期性发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。上报指示信息还包括：第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的周期时长、第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的资源信息，第一网络装置接收第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的资源信息，第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息占用的比特位的数量，或第一接收点接收的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息占用的比特位的数量中的至少一项。如此，第一网络装置可以根据上报指示信息上报信道状态信息。
在一种可能的实施方式中，多个终端装置还包括一个或多个第二终端装置。方法还包括以下内容中的至少一项：第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置单播、组播或广播的指示第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息；或，第一终端装置接收来自第二终端装置的单播或组播的指示第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。如此，第一终端装置可以获取多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息，继而第一终端装置可以根据获取到的信道状态信息确定出与该多个信道状态信息匹配的导频特征信息。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置向第二终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。第一终端装置向第一终端装置组中的终端装置组播第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。如此，其他终端装置可以获取多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息，继而第一终端装置可以根据获取到的信道状态信息确定出与该多个信道状态信息匹配的导频特征信息。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下，第一终端装置执行下述内容中的至少一项：第一终端装置向第一网络装置发送更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息；第一终端装置向第二终端装置发送更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息；或，第一终端装置向第一终端装置组中的终端组播更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。如此，第一终端装置可以将变化量较大的信道状态信息发送出去，以便其他装置根据最新的信道状态信息进行处理。
在一种可能的实施方式中，信道状态信息变化量阈值是预设的，或是来自第一网络装置的指示信道状态信息变化量阈值的信息指示的。在一种可能的实施方式中，信道状态信息变化量阈值与第一参数具有关联关系。在一种可能的实施方式中，不同的两个第一参数关联的两个信道状态信息变化量阈值不同。如此，可以提高信道状态信息变化量阈值的设置的灵活性。
第二方面，提供了一种通信方法，该方法可应用于第一网络装置，第一网络装置可以为网络装置，或者为网络装置内部的部件(如芯片、芯片系统、单元或模块等)执行，或者，还可以由能够实现全部或部分第一网络装置功能的逻辑模块或软件实现，本申请对此不作限定。
第一网络装置获取导频，导频与第一参数具有关联关系，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中 的至少一项。第一网络装置根据导频与第一终端装置进行通信。
基于上述方案，第一终端装置根据第一导频特征信息确定导频，第一导频特征信息与第一参数具有关联关系，又由于第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。可以看出，本申请实施例中不同的场景、不同的业务需求等等可以分别对应导频特征信息，继而确定出更加合理的导频。该方法可以灵活地确定出更加合理的导频，从而提高了通信性能。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频。第一导频集合与第一参数具有关联关系。相比导频与第一参数直接建立关联关系的方案，该方案可以简化关联关系，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数确定出所需要使用的第一导频集合，继而通过该第一导频集合中的导频进行通信。
比如第一终端装置可以与其他终端装置之间相互协商以便确定第一终端装置所采用的导频，或者第一终端装置可以根据自网络设备的指示导频的信息确定第一终端装置所采用的导频，或者第一终端装置可以根据第一导频集合关联的导频分配信息确定第一终端装置所采用的导频。导频分配信息指示导频在多个终端装置之间的分配方式，比如导频分配信息可以指示第一导频集合中的导频对应的终端装置的标识。导频分配信息可以包括于后续涉及到的第一导频集合关联的第一导频特征信息中，也可以独立于第一导频特征信息独立设置。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频。第一导频集合与第一导频特征信息具有关联关系；第一导频特征信息包括：第一导频集合中的导频的密度、数目或长度中的至少一项。第一导频特征信息与第一参数具有关联关系。
相比导频与第一参数直接建立关联关系的方案，该方案可以简化关联关系，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数确定出所需要使用的导频的导频特征信息(比如第一导频特征信息)，继而可以根据第一导频特征信息获取导频。比如第一终端装置可以根据第一导频特征信息生成符合该导频特征信息的导频，比如第一终端装置可以与其他终端装置交互，以便该区域内的终端装置所分配的导频对应的导频特征信息符合第一导频特征信息的要求。再比如，第一终端装置根据第一导频特征信息与第一导频集合的关联关系，确定出第一导频集合，继而根据第一导频集合中的导频进行通信。又一种可能的实施方式中，第一导频特征信息还包括导频分配信息，导频分配信息指示各个导频在终端装置的分配方式，比如导频分配信息指示第一导频集合中的导频被分配的终端装置的标识。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一导频特征信息为多个候选导频特征信息中的一个候选导频特征信息。候选导频特征信息包括第一候选导频特征信息和第二候选导频特征信息；第一候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项；第二候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项。第一候选导频特征信息和第二候选导频特征信息中的导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项不同。
可以看出，本申请实施例中可以预设多个候选导频特征信息，不同两个候选导频特征信息可以关联不同的第一参数，如此，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数的具体值选择出与该第一参数匹配的候选导频特征信息，从而可以提高该方案的适用性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，多个候选导频特征信息为预定义的；或者，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示多个候选导频特征信息的信息。如此可以提高方案的灵活性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置确定第一参数，第一网络装置根据第一参数，以及第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，确定第一导频特征信息。如此，第一终端装置可以自己获取第一参数，继而根据第一参数去获取第一导频特征信息。或者第一终端装置也可以从网络装置接收第一导频特征信息。如此，可以提高方案的灵活性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系的信息。如此，第一终端装置可以根据接收到的第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，并结合第一参数查找出第一导频特征信息。也就是说，第一终端装置可以根据实际获取到的第一参数，通过查找关联关系的方式查找出第一导频特征信息，从而可以减少与网络装置的信令交互流程，降低功耗。
一种可能的实施方式中，第一参数与多个导频特征信息具有关联关系，比如第一参数还与其他导频特征信息(比如导频特征信息a)具有关联关系。如此，第一网络装置可以根据一些参数确定此次使用那个关联关系，比如，第一网络装置根据适用场所的场景类型、用户类别或信道状态等确定此次使用第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系，则第一网络装置可以向第一终端装置发送第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系。
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系，关联关系可以是协议预定义的，或者，也可以是网络装置通过信令告知终端装置的，或者，也可以是协议预定义多个关联关系，网络装置通过信令告知终端装置使用的其中一个关联关系。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频，第一导频集合与第一参数具有关联关系。第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送导频指示信息，导频指示信息指示第一导频集合。如此，第一终端装置可以根据导频指示信息确定出需采用哪个导频集合中的导频，该方案可以减少第一终端装置的工作量，降低第一终端装置的功耗。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数具有关联关系。第一网络装置确定第一参数，第一网络装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数的关联关系，确定导频指示信息占用的比特数，第一网络装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数，发送导频指示信息。
如此，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以随着第一参数的具体值灵活变动，从而可以进一步提高方案的灵活性。比如第一参数关联的第一导频集合中的导频数量较多时，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以偏大一些，再比如第一参数关联的第一导频集合中的导频数量较少时，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以偏小一些。如此，在导频指示信息可以指示出第一导频集合的前提下，可以减少导频指示信息占用的比特数，进而可以减少需传输的数据量，降低时延。
在一种可能的实施方式中，导频指示信息指示第一导频集合中的部分导频。导频指示信息为：部分导频中每个导频的序列标识。如此，第一终端装置可以根据部分导频中导频的序列标识确定出该第一导频集合。可以看出，该方式可以减少信息传输的数据量，从而节省信令开销，提高数据传输效率。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示导频的信息。如此，第一终端装置可以省去从第一导频集合中查找导频的步骤，从而可以减少第一终端装置的工作量，降低第一终端装置的功耗。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一导频特征信息是根据多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息确定的，多个终端装置包括第一终端装置。在一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置发送参考信号，参考信号用于确定第一网络装置与多个终端装置中的终端装置之间的信道状态信息。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置接收来自第一终端装置的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。在一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送上报指示信息。其中，上报指示信息指示第一终端装置周期性发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。上报指示信息还包括：第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的周期时长、第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的资源信息，第一网络装置接收第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的资源信息，第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息占用的比特位的数量，或第一接收点接收的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息占用的比特位的数量中的至少一项。如此，第一网络装置可以根据上报指示信息上报信道状态信息。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置单播、组播或广播指示第一网络装置与第一终端装置之间的信道状态信息，和/或，第一网络装置单播、组播或广播指示第一网络装置与第二终端装置之间的信道状态信息。如此，第一终端装置可以获取多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息，继而第一终端装置可以根据获取到的信道状态信息确定出与该多个信道状态信息匹配的导频特征信息。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置接收来自第一终端装置的更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息，更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息是第一终端装置在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下发送的。如此，第一终端装置可以将变化量较大的信道状态信息发送出去，以便其他装置根据最新的信道状态信息进行处理。
在一种可能的实施方式中，信道状态信息变化量阈值是预设的，或是来自第一网络装置的指示信道状态信息变化量阈值的信息指示的。在一种可能的实施方式中，信道状态信息变化量阈值与第一参数具有关联关系。在一种可能的实施方式中，不同的两个第一参数关联的两个信道状态信息变化量阈值不同。如此，可以提高信道状态信息变化量阈值的设置的灵活性。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该方案可以由终端装置执行，也可以由网络装置执行，也可以由其他装置执行，本申请实施例不做限制，下面以该方案由第一装置执行为例进行介绍，第一装置可以为终端装置、网络装置或其他装置。该方法包括：
第一装置获取多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息，第一装置根据信道状态信息，确定第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息，第二导频特征信息包括导频数量和导频分配信息，导频分配信息指示导频数量的导频在多个终端装置之间的分配方式，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。第一装置确定基于第二导频特征信息满足预设的速率需 求值的终端装置的第一数量。第一装置在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，更新第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息，得到与第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
可以看出，由于在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下会重新更新第一参数关联的导频特征信息，因此，可以达到优化导频分配方案的目的，以使满足速率需求值的终端装置的数量不小于预设用户数量阈值。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二导频特征信息指示存在至少两个终端，至少两个终端复用一个导频。如此，可以达到节省导频数目的效果。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一装置在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，增加第二导频特征信息指示的导频数量，得到第一导频特征信息。如此，可以通过增加导频数量的方式优化导频分配方案，以使满足速率阈值的终端装置的数量满足要求。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一装置在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，针对未满足速率需求值的第一终端装置，第二导频特征信息指示第一终端装置与第二终端装置复用同一个导频。第一装置设置第一需求，第一需求指示第一终端装置和第二终端装置无法复用同一个导频。第一装置根据第一需求进行一次或多次迭代，直至满足预设的迭代停止条件，得到与第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。由于通过将原方案中可以共用同一个导频的终端装置设置为不可共用同一个导频，继而可以通过增加导频数目以便减少干扰的方案达到优化导频分配方案的目的，继而可以使满足速率阈值的终端装置的数量满足要求。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二导频特征信息指示第一终端装置与多个第三终端装置复用第一导频。第二终端装置为多个第三终端装置中与第一终端装置物理位置最近的第三终端装置。如此，可以减少第一终端装置的干扰，继而使第一终端装置的速率满足速率需求。
在一种可能的实施方式中，预设的迭代停止条件包括以下内容中的至少一项：满足预设的速率需求值的终端装置的数量不小于预设用户数量阈值；当前导频数目与导频数目初始值的差值大于预设值；或，迭代次数大于预设迭代次数。如此，可以在预设的速率需求值的终端装置的数量不小于预设用户数量阈值停止迭代。或者当前导频数目与导频数目初始值的差值大于预设值的情况下停止迭代，以防止导频数目过多，再或者可以在迭代次数大于预设迭代次数的时候停止迭代，以防止迭代次数过多。
第四方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为前述第一终端装置、第二终端装置或第一装置。该通信装置可以包括通信单元和处理单元，以执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式。通信单元用于执行与发送和接收相关的功能。可选地，通信单元包括接收单元和发送单元。在一种设计中，通信装置为通信芯片，处理单元可以是一个或多个处理器或处理器核心，通信单元可以为通信芯片的输入输出电路或者端口。
在另一种设计中，通信单元可以为发射器和接收器，或者通信单元为发射机和接收机。
可选的，通信装置还包括可用于执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式的各个模块。
第五方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为前述第一终端装置、第二终端装 置或第一装置。该通信装置可以包括处理器和存储器，以执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式。可选的，还包括收发器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序或指令，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序或指令，当处理器执行存储器中的计算机程序或指令时，使得该通信装置执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式。
可选的，处理器为一个或多个，存储器为一个或多个。
可选的，存储器可以与处理器集成在一起，或者存储器与处理器分离设置。
可选的，收发器中可以包括，发射机(发射器)和接收机(接收器)。
第六方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为前述第一终端装置、第二终端装置或第一装置。该通信装置可以包括处理器，以执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式。该处理器与存储器耦合。可选地，该通信装置还包括存储器。可选地，该通信装置还包括通信接口，处理器与通信接口耦合。
在一种实现方式中，该通信装置为第一终端装置、第二终端装置或第一装置时，通信接口可以是收发器，或，输入/输出接口。可选地，收发器可以为收发电路。可选地，输入/输出接口可以为输入/输出电路。
在又一种实现方式中，当该通信装置为芯片或芯片系统时，通信接口可以是该芯片或芯片系统上的输入/输出接口、接口电路、输出电路、输入电路、管脚或相关电路等。处理器也可以体现为处理电路或逻辑电路。
第七方面，提供了一种系统，系统包括上述一个或多个网络设备。
一种可能的实现方式中，该系统还可以包括一个或多个终端设备，比如可以包括上述第一终端设备和/或第二终端设备。
第八方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当计算机程序被运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式。
第九方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读介质存储有计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式。
第十方面，提供了一种芯片系统，该芯片系统可以包括处理器。该处理器与存储器耦合，可用于执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式。可选地，该芯片系统还包括存储器。存储器，用于存储计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)。处理器，用于从存储器调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有芯片系统的设备执行上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式。
第十一方面，提供了一种处理装置，包括：接口电路和处理电路。接口电路可以包括输入电路和输出电路。处理电路用于通过输入电路接收信号，并通过输出电路发射信号，使得上述第一方面至第三方面中的任一方面，或执行第一方面至第三方面的任一种可能的实施方式被实现。
在具体实现过程中，上述处理装置可以为芯片，输入电路可以为输入管脚，输出电路可以为输出管脚，处理电路可以为晶体管、门电路、触发器和各种逻辑电路等。输入电路所接收的输入的信号可以是由例如但不限于接收器接收并输入的，输出电路所输出的信号可以是例如但不限于输出给发射器并由发射器发射的，且输入电路和输出电路可以是同一电路，该电路在不同的时刻分别用作输入电路和输出电路。本申请对处理器及各种电路的具体实现方式不做限定。
在一种实现方式中，当通信装置是第一终端装置、第二终端装置或第一装置。接口电路可以为第一终端装置、第二终端装置或第一装置中的射频处理芯片，处理电路可以为第一终端装置、第二终端装置或第一装置中的基带处理芯片。
在又一种实现方式中，通信装置可以是第一终端装置、第二终端装置或第一装置中的部分器件，如系统芯片或通信芯片等集成电路产品。接口电路可以为该芯片或芯片系统上的输入/输出接口、接口电路、输出电路、输入电路、管脚或相关电路等。处理电路可以为该芯片上的逻辑电路。
附图说明
图1A是本申请实施例的一种通信场景示意图；
图1B是本申请实施例的又一种通信场景示意图；
图1C是本申请实施例的一种通信场景示意图；
图1D是本申请实施例的一种通信场景示意图；
图1E是本申请实施例的一种通信场景示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的示意性流程图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的示意性流程图；
图4A是本申请实施例提供的方案与正交导频方案和Dsatur方案的平均接入概率示意图；
图4B是本申请实施例提供的方案与正交导频方案和Dsatur方案对应的导频数目示意图；
图5A为本申请实施例提供的一种无向图的示意图；
图5B是图5A所示的无向图对应的一种导频分配方案的示意图；
图5C是图5B经过迭代之后的一种可能的示意图；
图5D是基于图5C所示的无向图确定的导频分配方案的示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种效果示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的示意性框图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的示意性框图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
本申请提供的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)系统、通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunications system，UMTS)、 5G移动通信系统、新无线(new radio，NR)系统或者其他演进的通信系统，以及5G通信系统的下一代移动通信系统，第六代(6th generation，6G)通信系统，或未来通信系统等。
本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于增强移动宽带(enhanced mobile broadband，eMBB)通信、超可靠低时延通信(ultra reliable low latency communication，URLLC)、机器类通信(machine type communication，MTC)、机器间通信长期演进技术(long term evolution-machine，LTE-M)、设备到设备(device to device，D2D)网络、机器到机器(machine to machine，M2M)网络、物联网(internet of things，IoT)网络、窄带物联网(narrow band internet of thing，NB-IoT)或者其他网络。其中，IoT网络例如可以包括车联网。其中，车联网系统中的通信方式统称为车到其他设备(vehicle to X，V2X，X可以代表任何事物)，例如，该V2X可以包括：车辆到车辆(vehicle to vehicle，V2V)通信，车辆与基础设施(vehicle to infrastructure，V2I)通信、车辆与行人之间的通信(vehicle to pedestrian，V2P)或车辆与网络(vehicle to network，V2N)通信等。
本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于卫星通信系统等非陆地通信网络(non-terrestrial network，NTN)通信系统中，其中，NTN通信系统可以与无线通信系统相融合。
本申请实施例的技术方案还可以应用于卫星星间通信系统、无线投屏系统、客户前置设备(customer premise equipment，CPE)、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)通信系统、接入回传一体化(intergrated access backhaul，IAB)系统、无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)通信系统、或光通信系统等。
本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于设备到设备(device to device，D2D)通信系统、车到万物(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)通信系统、机器到机器(machine to machine，M2M)通信系统、MTC系统、大规模机器类型通信(massive machine type communications，mMTC)以及物联网(internet of things，IoT)通信系统、通信感知一体化系统或者其他通信系统。
其中，eMBB，可以是指三维(three-dimensional，3D)/超高清视频等大流量移动宽带业务。具体的，eMBB可以基于移动宽带业务，对网速、用户体验等性能做进一步的提升。例如，当用户观看4K高清视频时，网速峰值可以达到10Gbps。
URLLC，可以指高可靠性、低时延、极高可用性的业务。具体的，URLLC可以包括下述通信场景及应用：工业应用和控制、交通安全和控制、远程制造、远程培训、远程手术、无人驾驶、工业自动化、安防行业等。
MTC，可以指低成本，覆盖增强的业务，也可以称为M2M。mMTC指大规模物联网业务。
NB-IoT，可以是具备覆盖广、连接多、速率低、成本低、功耗低、架构优等特点的业务。具体的，NB-IoT可以包括智能水表、智能停车、宠物智能跟踪、智能自行车、智能烟雾检测器、智能马桶、智能售货机等等。
V2X，可以使得车与车、车与网络设备、网络设备与网络设备之间能够通信，从而获得实时路况、道路信息、行人信息等一系列交通信息，同时提供车载娱乐信息，提高驾驶安全性、减少拥堵、提高交通效率。
CPE，可以指接收移动信号并以无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)信号转发出来的移动信号接入设备，也可以指将高速4G或者5G信号转换成WiFi信号的设备，可以同时支持较多上网的移动终端数量。CPE可以大量应用于农村，城镇，医院，单位，工厂，小区 等无线网络接入，可以节省铺设有线网络的费用。
本申请实施例的技术方案对于应用的通信系统以及通信系统的网络架构不作具体限定。
在本申请实施例中，网络设备和终端设备之间、网络设备和网络设备之间、终端设备和终端设备之间可以通过授权频谱进行通信，也可以通过免授权频谱进行通信，也可以同时通过授权频谱和免授权频谱进行通信。本申请的技术方案既适用于低频场景例如sub 6G(指6GHz以下的频段，具体可以是指工作频率在450兆赫兹(megahertz，MHz)到6000MHz的6千兆赫兹(gigahertz，GHz)(可简称6G))，也适用于高频场景(例如6GHz以上，比如28GHz，70GHz等)、太赫兹(terahertz，THz)、光通信等。例如，网络设备和终端之间可以通过6GHz以下的频谱进行通信，也可以通过6GHz以上的频谱进行通信，还可以同时使用6GHz以下的频谱和6GHz以上的频谱进行通信。本申请的实施例对通信所使用的频谱资源不做限定。
在本申请中，网络设备的功能也可以由网络设备中的模块(如芯片)来执行，也可以由包含有网络设备功能的控制子系统来执行。这里的包含有网络设备功能的控制子系统可以是智能电网、工业控制、智能交通、智慧城市等上述终端的应用场景中的控制中心。终端的功能也可以由终端中的模块(如芯片或调制解调器)来执行，也可以由包含有终端功能的装置来执行。
本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于各种类型的通信链路中，如通用用户网络(user to network interface universal，Uu)链路、卫星链路、侧行(sidelink，SL)链路、中继链路等链路。本申请对此不作限定。
为便于理解本申请实施例，图1A、图1B、图1C、图1D和图1E示例性示出了本申请实施例适用的几种通信系统的可能的架构示意图。
如图1A所示，该通信系统包括至少两个通信设备，例如，网络设备101和至少一个终端设备102，其中，网络设备101和至少一个终端设备102之间可以通过无线连接进行数据通信。具体而言，网络设备101可以向终端设备102发送下行数据；终端设备102也可以向网络设备101发送上行数据。
如图1B所示，该通信系统包括卫星103、终端设备104，还可以包括基站105。卫星103可以为终端设备104提供通信服务。卫星103可以向终端设备104传输下行数据，其中下行数据可以采用信道编码进行编码，信道编码后的数据经过调制后传输给终端设备104。终端设备104可以向卫星103传输上行数据，该上行数据也可以采用信道编码进行编码，编码后的数据经过调制后传输给卫星103。卫星103也可以与基站105进行通信。卫星104即可作为基站，也可作为终端设备。其中，卫星103可以是指无人机，热气球，低轨卫星，中轨卫星，高轨卫星等。卫星103也可以是指非地面基站或非地面设备等。
如图1C所示，该通信系统可以为卫星星间链路通信。如图1C所示，该通信系统包括卫星106和卫星107，卫星106和卫星107之间可以传输信息和数据。卫星(比如卫星106和卫星107)中可以包括APT模块和通信模块，卫星的APT模块可以负责卫星之间的捕获、对准和跟踪。卫星的通信模块可以负责星间信息的传输，是星间通信系统的主体。
如图1D所示，该通信系统可以包括无线投屏系统，该通信系统可以包括无线投屏设备108(比如图1D所示的电视机)和终端设备109。终端设备109可以与无线投屏设备之间 传输数据。
如图1E所示，该通信系统可以为回传链路通信系统，该通信系统可以包括接入回传一体化(integrated access and backhaul，IAB)父节点110、IAB节点111和终端设备112。IAB父节点110和IAB节点111之间的链路为回传链路，终端设备112和节点111之间的链路为接入链路。
应理解，图1A、图1B、图1C、图1D和图1E仅为便于理解而示出的简化示意图，该通信系统中还可以包括其他设备，图中未予以画出。
下面结合图1A、图1B、图1C、图1D和图1E对本申请实施例涉及到的名词和术语进行介绍。
(1)终端设备。
本申请实施例中的终端设备(例如，图1A、图1B、图1D和图1E中所示的终端设备)是一种具有无线收发功能的设备，也可以称为：用户设备(user equipment，UE)、移动台(mobile station，MS)、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置等。
终端设备可以是一种向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，例如，具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、车载设备等。目前，一些终端的举例为：手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(mobile internet device，MID)、可穿戴设备，VR设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、传感器终端、感知终端、通信感知一体化的设备、蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备，5G网络中的终端或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的终端等，本申请的实施例对终端所采用的具体技术、设备形态以及名称不做限定。
作为示例而非限定，在本申请中，终端设备可以是物联网(internet of things，IoT)系统中的终端设备。物联网是未来信息技术发展的重要组成部分，其主要技术特点是将物品通过通信技术与网络连接，从而实现人机互连，物物互连的智能化网络。示例性地，本申请实施例中的终端设备可以是可穿戴设备。可穿戴设备也可以称为穿戴式智能设备，是应用穿戴式技术对日常穿戴进行智能化设计、开发出可以穿戴的设备的总称，如眼镜、手套、手表、服饰及鞋等。可穿戴设备是可以直接穿在身上，或是整合到用户的衣服或配件的一种便携式设备。可穿戴设备不仅仅是一种硬件设备，更可以通过软件支持以及数据交互、云端交互来实现强大的功能。广义穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或者部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能首饰等。
(2)网络设备。
本申请中的网络设备可以是用于与终端设备通信的设备(例如，图1A至图1E中所示的网络设备)，也可以是一种将终端设备接入到无线网络的设备。网络设备可以为无线接入网中的节点。网络设备可以是基站(base station)、演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNodeB)、发送接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)、Wi-Fi网络装置(access point，AP)、移动交换中心、5G移动通信系统中的下一代基站(next generation NodeB，gNB)、6G移动通信系统中的下一代基站、或未来移动通信系统中的基站等。网络设备还可以是完成基站部分功能的模块或单元，例如，可以是集中式单元(central unit，CU)、分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)、射频拉远单元(remote radio unit，RRU)或基带单元(baseband unit，BBU)等。网络设备还可以是D2D通信系统、V2X通信系统、M2M通信系统以及IoT通信系统中承担基站功能的设备等。网络设备还可以是NTN中的网络设备，即网络设备可以部署于高空平台或者卫星。网络设备可以是宏基站，也可以是微基站或室内站，还可以是中继节点或施主节点等。当然，网络设备也可以为核心网中的节点。本申请的实施例对网络设备所采用的具体技术、设备形态以及名称不做限定。
在本申请的实施例中，网络设备的功能也可以由网络设备中的模块(如芯片)来执行，也可以由包含有网络设备功能的控制子系统来执行。这里的包含有网络设备功能的控制子系统可以是智能电网、工业控制、智能交通、智慧城市、通信感知一体化系统等上述终端的应用场景中的控制中心。终端的功能也可以由终端中的模块(如芯片或调制解调器)来执行，也可以由包含有终端功能的装置来执行。
网络设备和终端的角色可以是相对的。例如，网络设备#1可以被配置成移动基站，对于那些通过网络设备#1接入网络的终端来说，网络设备#1是基站；但对于通过无线空口协议与网络设备#1进行通信的网络设备#2来说，网络设备#1是终端。当然，网络设备#1与网络设备#2之间也可以是通过基站与基站之间的接口协议进行通信的，此时，相对于网络设备#2来说，网络设备#1也是基站。
在本申请实施例中，网络设备和终端设备都可以统一称为通信设备或通信装置。例如，基站可以称为具有基站功能的通信设备，终端可以称为具有终端功能的通信设备。本申请中的网络设备和终端设备可以部署在陆地上，包括室内或室外、手持、穿戴或车载；也可以部署在水面上(如轮船等)；还可以部署在空中(例如飞机、气球和卫星上等)。本申请的对网络设备和终端设备的应用场景不做限定。
URLLC作为5G的三大典型业务之一，主要应用场景包括：自动驾驶、工业制造、车联网和智能电网等领域，这些应用场景在可靠性和时延方面提出了更加严格的需求。
示例性地，在工业制造场景中：智能工厂的制造设备通过5G接入企业云或者现场控制系统，采集现场环境数据和生产数据，实时分析生产状况。实现整条生产线的无人化和无线化。智能工业制造对技术性能要求很高，高端制造业对车间设备的延迟和稳定性有着非常高的需求。具体地，智能工厂的工业界提出了非常具体的性能需求，比如在一个服务区域，有不超过50个用户，在1ms的端到端时延中，一个大小为40字节的数据包的通信业务可用性(communication system available，CSA)必须为99.9999％到99.999999％之间。其中，CSA的定义为：假如接收端收到的包是受损的，或者不及时(超过了容许的端到端的最大时延)就认为这个业务是不可用的。
为了满足各个场景对时延和可靠性的需求，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，本申请中终端装置采用的导频与第一参数具有关联关系，又由于第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。可以看出，本申请实施例中依据不同的场景、不同的业务需求等等设置导频，继而提高导频设置的合理性，进而可以提高通信性能。
在介绍本申请提供的方法之前，先做出以下几点说明。
第一，在本申请中，“指示”可以包括直接指示和间接指示，也可以包括显式指示和隐式指示。将某一信息所指示的信息称为待指示信息，则具体实现过程中，对待指示信息进行指示的方式可以有很多种，例如但不限于，可以直接指示待指示信息，如指示待指示信息本身或者该待指示信息的索引等。也可以通过指示其他信息来间接指示待指示信息，其中该其他信息与待指示信息之间存在关联关系。还可以仅仅指示待指示信息的一部分，而待指示信息的其他部分则是已知的或者提前约定的。例如，还可以借助预先约定(例如协议规定)的各个信息的排列顺序来实现对特定信息的指示，从而在一定程度上降低指示开销。
第二，在本文示出的实施例中，各术语及英文缩略语，如导频、导频数目等，均为方便描述而给出的示例性举例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请并不排除在已有或未来的协议中定义其它能够实现相同或相似功能的术语的可能。
第三，在下文示出的实施例中第一、第二以及各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请实施例的范围。例如，区分不同的信息、区分不同的参数等。
第四，在下文示出的实施例中，“预定义”可以通过在设备(例如，包括终端设备和网络设备)中预先保存相应的代码、表格或其他可用于指示相关信息的方式来实现，本申请对于其具体的实现方式不做限定。
第五，本申请实施例中涉及的“协议”可以是指通信领域的标准协议，例如可以包括LTE协议、NR协议以及应用于未来的通信系统中的相关协议，本申请对此不做限定。
基于图1A、图1B、图1C、图1D和图1E所示的实施例以及上述其他内容，图2示例性示出了本申请实施例适用的一种通信方法的可能的流程示意图。本申请实施例适用于第一通信装置和第二通信装置之间的通信。其中，第一通信装置可以为终端设备，或者，网络设备。第二通信装置可以为终端设备，或者，网络设备。本申请适用于终端设备和终端设备之间的通信，也适用于终端设备和网络设备之间的通信，也适用于网络设备和网络设备之间的通信，本申请对此不做限定。如下，在图2中是以第一终端装置和第一网络装置作为该交互示意的执行主体为例来示意该方法，但本申请并不限制该交互示意的执行主体。例如，图2中的第一终端装置可以为终端设备、终端设备内部的单元、模块或芯片系统。第一网络装置可以为网络设备、网络设备内部的单元、模块或芯片。
本申请实施例涉及到的第一终端装置可以为图1A中的终端设备102，或者为终端设备102内部的单元、模块或芯片。本申请实施例涉及到的第一网络装置可以为图1A中的网络设备101，或者为网络设备101内部的单元、模块或芯片。
本申请实施例涉及到的第一终端装置可以为图1B中的终端设备104，或者为终端设备104内部的单元、模块或芯片；本申请实施例涉及到的第一网络装置可以为图1B中的卫星103，或者为卫星103内部的单元、模块或芯片。本申请实施例涉及到的第一终端装置可以为图1B中的卫星103，或者为卫星103内部的单元、模块或芯片；本申请实施例涉及到的第一网络装置可以为图1B中的基站105，或者为基站105内部的单元、模块或芯片。
本申请实施例涉及到的第一终端装置可以为图1C中的卫星106，或者为卫星106内部的单元、模块或芯片。本申请实施例涉及到的第一网络装置可以为图1C中的卫星107，或者为卫星107内部的单元、模块或芯片。
本申请实施例涉及到的第一终端装置可以为图1D中的终端设备109，或者为终端设备109内部的单元、模块或芯片。本申请实施例涉及到的第一网络装置可以为图1D中的无线投屏设备108，或者为无线投屏设备108内部的单元、模块或芯片。
本申请实施例涉及到的第一终端装置可以为图1E中的卫星106，或者为卫星106内部的单元、模块或芯片。本申请实施例涉及到的第一网络装置可以为图1E中的卫星107，或者为卫星107内部的单元、模块或芯片。
如图2所示，该方法包括：
步骤201，第一终端装置获取导频。
应理解，导频又称为参考信号或者训练序列，其对于发射端设备(第二通信设备)和接收端设备(第一通信设备)而言均为已知信号。
本申请实施例中，导频与第一参数具有关联关系。第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。
本申请实施例中第一终端装置适用场所是指第一终端装置所在的一个场所，或者称为一个区域。适用场所的尺寸信息可以包括适用场所的面积。本申请实施例中的场景类型可以包括室内场景，室外场景，密集城区场景，稀疏城区场景，郊外场景，工厂场景等。本申请实施例中的信道类型可以包括如下多种，比如抽头延迟线模型(Tapped Delay Line，TDL)，可以包括TDL-A、TDL-B、TDL-C三个用于非视距(non line of sight，NLOS)的信道模型，以及TDL-D、TDL-E两个用于视距(line of sight，LOS)的信道模型。簇延迟线模型(Clustered Delay Line，CDL)，包括CDL-A、CDL-B、CDL-C三个用于NLOS的信道模型，以及CDL-D、CDL-E两个用于LOS的信道模型。可选地，导频与第一参数的关联关系，关联关系可以是协议预定义的，或者，也可以是网络装置通过信令告知终端装置的，或者，也可以是协议预定义多个关联关系，网络装置通过信令告知终端装置使用的其中一个关联关系。
一种可能的实施方式中，导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频。第一导频集合可以包括一个或多个导频。第一导频集合与第一参数具有关联关系。相比导频与第一参数直接建立关联关系的方案，该方案可以简化关联关系，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数确定出所需要使用的第一导频集合，继而通过该第一导频集合中的导频进行通信。
比如第一终端装置可以与其他终端装置之间相互协商以便确定第一终端装置所采用的导频，或者第一终端装置可以根据自网络设备的指示导频的信息确定第一终端装置所采 用的导频，或者第一终端装置可以根据第一导频集合关联的导频分配信息确定第一终端装置所采用的导频，导频分配信息指示第一导频集合中的导频对应的终端装置的标识。导频分配信息可以包括于后续涉及到的第一导频集合关联的第一导频特征信息中，也可以独立于第一导频特征信息独立设置。
可选地，第一导频集合与第一参数的关联关系，关联关系可以是协议预定义的，或者，也可以是网络装置通过信令告知终端装置的，或者，也可以是协议预定义多个关联关系，网络装置通过信令告知终端装置使用的其中一个关联关系。
在上述步骤201中，第一终端装置获取导频的实施方式有多种，比如下述可能的实施方式A1和实施方式A2。
实施方式A1：第一网络装置可以向第一终端装置发送指示该导频的信息。
在实施方式A1中，第一终端装置可以接收来自第一网络设备的指示导频的信息，继而根据该指示导频的信息确定出导频。如此，第一终端装置可以省去从第一导频集合中查找导频的步骤，从而可以减少第一终端装置的工作量，降低第一终端装置的功耗。
实施方式A2：第一终端装置可以确定出第一导频集合，继而从第一导频集合中确定出该导频。
在实施方式A2中，第一导频集合中可以包括一个或多个导频。第一终端装置可以与其他终端装置交互，继而将第一导频集合中的导频分配给各个终端装置。
在上述实施方式A2中，第一终端装置确定第一导频集合的方式有多种，比如下述可能的实施方式A2-b1中，第一终端装置获取第一导频特征信息，第一导频特征信息与第一导频集合具有关联关系。第一终端装置继而根据第一导频特征信息确定第一导频集合。再比如下述可能的实施方式A2-b2中，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示第一导频集合的信息。下面分别进行介绍。
实施方式A2-b1，第一终端装置可以获取第一导频特征信息，继而根据第一导频特征信息确定第一导频集合。
第一导频特征信息与第一参数具有关联关系。第一导频特征信息包括：第一导频集合中的导频的密度、数目或长度中的至少一项。相比导频与第一参数直接建立关联关系的方案，该方案可以简化关联关系，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数确定出所需要使用的导频的导频特征信息(比如第一导频特征信息)，继而可以根据第一导频特征信息获取导频。比如第一终端装置可以根据第一导频特征信息生成符合该导频特征信息的导频，比如第一终端装置可以与其他终端装置交互，以便该区域内的终端装置所分配的导频对应的导频特征信息符合第一导频特征信息的要求。再比如，第一终端装置根据第一导频特征信息与第一导频集合的关联关系，确定出第一导频集合，继而根据第一导频集合中的导频进行通信。又一种可能的实施方式中，第一导频特征信息还包括导频分配信息，导频分配信息指示各个导频在终端装置的分配方式，比如导频分配信息指示第一导频集合中的导频被分配的终端装置的标识。
第一终端装置可以根据第一导频特征信息生成第一导频集合。或者第一终端装置预配置第一导频集合和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，第一终端装置获取第一导频特征信息之后，根据第一导频特征信息确定出第一导频集合。或者，第一终端装置可以从其他装置处获取第一导频集合和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，第一终端装置获取第一导频特征信息之后，根据第一导频特征信息确定出第一导频集合。
一种可能的实施方式中，第一导频特征信息为多个候选导频特征信息中的一个候选导频特征信息。候选导频特征信息包括第一候选导频特征信息和第二候选导频特征信息；第一候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项。第二候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项。第一候选导频特征信息和第二候选导频特征信息中的导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项不同。可以看出，本申请实施例中可以预设多个候选导频特征信息，不同两个候选导频特征信息可以关联不同的第一参数，如此，第一终端装置可以根据第一参数的具体值选择出与该第一参数匹配的候选导频特征信息，从而可以提高该方案的适用性。
本申请实施例中的多个候选导频特征信息可以是第一终端装置确定的，或者是协议预定义的，或者为第一网络设备确定的。一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络设备可以向第一终端装置发送指示多个候选导频特征信息的信息。相对应的，第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的指示多个候选导频特征信息的信息。如此，可以提高方案的灵活性。
在实施方式A2-b1中，第一终端装置确定第一导频特征信息的实施方式有多种，下面通过实施方式A2-b1-1和实施方式A2-b1-2示例性示出几种可能的实施方式。
实施方式A2-b1-1，第一网络设备向第一终端装置发送第一导频特征信息。
在实施方式A2-b1-1中，一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置确定第一参数，第一网络装置根据第一参数，以及第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，确定第一导频特征信息。继而第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送第一导频特征信息。
第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系是协议预定义的，或第一网络装置配置的。
实施方式A2-b1-2，第一终端装置根据第一参数确定第一导频特征信息。
在实施方式A2-b1-2中，第一终端装置根据第一参数，以及第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系确定出第一导频特征信息。
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系，关联关系可以是协议预定义的，或者，也可以是网络装置通过信令告知终端装置的，或者，也可以是协议预定义多个关联关系，网络装置通过信令告知终端装置使用的其中一个关联关系。
比如，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系的信息。相对应的，第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的指示第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系的信息。如此，第一终端装置可以根据接收到的第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，并结合第一参数查找出第一导频特征信息。也就是说，第一终端装置可以根据实际获取到的第一参数，通过查找关联关系的方式查找出第一导频特征信息，从而可以减少与网络装置的信令交互流程，降低功耗。
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系是协议预定义的多个关联关系，第一网络装置通过信令告知第一终端设备多个关联关系中的至少一个。
下面通过表1示例性示出一种第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例。如表1所示，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量。第一导频特征信息包括第一导频集合中的导频的数目。第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系可以是表1中的至少一行。
表1第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000001
图4A示例性示出了本申请实施例提供的方案与正交导频方案和Dsatur方案的平均接入概率示意图。本申请实施例中Dsatur是饱和度(degree of saturation)的缩写，dsatur为一种图着色算法。图4B示例性示出了本申请实施例提供的方案与正交导频方案和Dsatur方案对应的导频数目示意图。
通过图4A可以看出，在同一个设备数量下，本申请实施例提供的方案的平均接入概率大于正交导频方案对应的平均接入概率，本申请实施例提供的方案的平均接入概率大于Dsatur方案对应的评级接入概率。通过图4B可以看出，在同一个设备数量下，本申请实施例提供的方案的平均导频数目少于正交导频方案对应的平均导频数目。
本申请实施例中同一个第一参数的条件下，本申请实施例提供的方案的平均接入概率大于正交导频方案对应的平均接入概率，本申请实施例提供的方案的平均接入概率大于Dsatur方案对应的评级接入概率。通过图4B可以看出，在同一个第一参数下，本申请实施例提供的方案的平均导频数目少于正交导频方案对应的平均导频数目。当第一参数为其他内容时，仿真性能与图4A和图4B类似，不再赘述。
下面通过表2和表3示例性示出一种第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例。如表2所示，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所的终端装置的密度。如表3所示，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所的尺寸信息(比如为第一终端装置适用场所的场所面积)。第一导频特征信息包括第一导频集合中的导频的数目。
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系可以是表2中的至少一行。
表2第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000002
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系可以是表3中的至少一行。
表3第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000003
下面通过表4和表格5示例性示出一种第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示 例。如表4所示，第一参数包括数据传输误码率阈值。如表5所示，第一参数包括数据传输可靠性阈值。第一导频特征信息包括第一导频集合中的导频的数目。
其中，误码率(symbol error rate，SER)是衡量数据在规定时间内数据传输精确性的指标，误码率＝传输中的误码/所传输的总码数*100％。如果有误码就有误码率。另外，也有将误码率定义为用来衡量误码出现的频率。
可选地，误码率也可以是指块差错率(block error rate)是不正确接收到的块数与发送的块的总数之比。
可选地，误码率也可以是指比特误码率，误比特率，比特差错概率等。
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系可以是表4中的至少一行。
表4第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000004
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系可以是表5中的至少一行。
表5第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000005
下面通过表6示例性示出一种第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例。如表6所示，第一参数包括数据传输速率阈值。第一导频特征信息包括第一导频集合中的导频的数目。第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系可以是表6中的至少一行。
表6第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000006
一种可能的实施方式中，第一参数与多个导频特征信息具有关联关系，比如第一参数还与其他导频特征信息(比如导频特征信息a)具有关联关系。如此，第一网络装置可以根据一些参数确定此次使用那个关联关系，比如，第一网络装置根据适用场所的场景类型、 用户类别或信道状态等确定此次使用第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系，则第一网络装置可以向第一终端装置发送第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系。比如一种关联关系可以与一种或多种场景类型对应，场景类型比如可以包括小型厂房或中型厂房等。再比如一种关联关系可以与一种或多种用户类别对应，用户类别比如可以包括工业设备或商用设备等。再比如一种关联关系可以与一种或多种信道状态对应。用户类别可以是指终端类型。
可选的，在确定终端设备对应的终端类型时，可以根据下述因素中的一种或多种确定终端设备对应的终端类型：业务类型、移动性、传输时延需求、信道环境、可靠性需求、覆盖需求、通信场景。
其中，业务类型可以根据业务数据的大小确定，例如，业务类型可以包括大包数据、中包数据、小包数据等。移动性可以包括移动、固定；其中，移动也可以包括不规律移动、沿固定路线移动、超短距离移动等。传输时延需求可以包括高传输时延、低传输时延和传输时延一般等。信道环境可以包括信道环境多变、信道环境稳定、信道环境相对稳定等。可靠性需求可以包括高可靠性、低可靠性、可靠性一般等。覆盖需求可以包括广覆盖、强覆盖、弱覆盖、一般覆盖、深覆盖等。通信场景可以包括前述对通信系统进行描述时所包括的通信场景，或者通信场景也可以包括上行通信、下行通信、上下行通信、旁链路通信、回传通信、接入通信、中继通信、卫星通信、太赫兹通信、光通信、绿色通信等，不予限制。
示例性的，以终端类型包括eMBB设备、URLLC设备、NB-IoT设备、CPE设备为例，其中，eMBB设备主要用于传输大包数据，也可以用于传输小包数据，一般处于移动状态，对于传输时延和可靠性的需求一般，上下行通信均有，信道环境比较复杂多变，可以室内通信，也可以室外通信，例如，eMBB设备可以为手机。URLLC设备一般用于传输小包数据，也可以传输中大包数据，对于传输时延和可靠性的需求较高，即要求低传输时延和高可靠性，上下行通信均有，信道环境稳定，例如，URLLC设备可以为工厂设备。NB-IoT设备主要用于传输小数据，一般处于非移动状态，且位置已知，对于传输时延和可靠性需求中等，上行通信较多，信道环境相对稳定，例如，NB-IoT设备可以是智能水表、传感器。CPE设备主要用于传输大包数据，一般处于非移动状态，或者可以进行超短距离移动，对于传输时延和可靠性的需求中等，上下行通信均有，信道环境相对稳定，例如，CPE设备可以是智慧家庭中的终端设备、AR、VR等。当确定终端设备的终端类型时，可以根据终端设备的业务类型、移动性、传输时延需求、可靠性需求、信道环境和通信场景，将终端设备对应的终端类型确定为eMBB设备、URLLC设备、NB-IoT设备或CPE设备。
eMBB设备也可以描述为eMBB，URLLC设备也可以描述为URLLC，NB-IoT设备也可以描述为NB-IoT，CPE设备也可以描述为CPE，V2X设备也可以描述为V2X，不予限制。
比如下面通过表7示例性示出又一种第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例。如表7所示，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量。第一导频特征信息包括第一导频集合中的导频的数目。第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系可以是表7中的至少一行。
表7第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000007
结合表1和表7举个例子，第一网络装置可以选择使用表1所示的第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，或者选择使用表7所示的第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，比如表1可以关联场景的类型、用户类别或信道状态中的至少一项，表7可以关联场景的类型、用户类别或信道状态中的至少一项，第一网络装置可以根据场景的类型、用户类别或信道状态中的至少一项选择一种(表1或表7)第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系。
实施方式A2-b2，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示第一导频集合的信息。
在实施方式A2-b2中，第一网络设备向第一终端装置发送第一导频集合的方式有多种，比如，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送导频指示信息。导频指示信息指示第一导频集合。相对应的，第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的导频指示信息。第一终端装置根据导频指示信息确定第一导频集合。如此，第一终端装置可以根据导频指示信息确定出需采用哪个导频集合中的导频，该方案可以减少第一终端装置的工作量，降低第一终端装置的功耗。
本申请实施例中可以预设多个导频集合。第一导频集合为该多个导频集合中的一个导频集合。导频指示信息可以为指示第一导频集合中的所有的导频的序列标识。又一种可能的实施方式中，为了减少数据传输量，导频指示信息指示第一导频集合中的部分导频，比如导频指示信息为：第一导频集合中部分导频中每个导频的序列标识。如此，第一终端装置可以根据部分导频中导频的序列标识确定出该第一导频集合。可以看出，该方式可以减少信息传输的数据量，从而节省信令开销，提高数据传输效率。
一种可能的实施方式中，导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数具有关联关系。比如，第一网络装置确定第一参数，第一网络装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数的关联关系，确定导频指示信息占用的比特数。第一网络装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数，发送导频指示信息。如此，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以随着第一参数的具体值灵活变动，从而可以进一步提高方案的灵活性。比如第一参数关联的第一导频集合中的导频数量较多时，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以偏大一些，再比如第一参数关联的第一导频集合中的导频数量较少时，导频指示信息占用的比特数可以偏小一些。如此，在导频指示信息可以指示出第一导频集合的前提下，可以减少导频指示信息占用的比特数，进而可以减少需传输的数据量，降低时延。
可选地，导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数具有关联关系，关联关系可以是协议预定义的，或者，也可以是网络装置通过信令告知终端装置的，或者，也可以是协议预定义多个关联关系，网络装置通过信令告知终端装置使用的其中一个关联关系。
第一终端装置确定第一参数，第一终端装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数的关联关系，确定导频指示信息占用的比特数。第一终端装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数，从承载导频指示信息的消息的预设位置获取导频指示信息，第一终端装置根据导 频指示信息，确定第一导频集合。导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数的关联关系可以是预设的，或者是第一网络装置发送给第一终端装置的。
举个例子，导频指示信息占据3个比特，可以指示出导频的集合中的前8个导频(该导频的集合中包括的导频的数量大于8)。再举个例子，比如导频指示信息占据4个比特，可以指示出导频的集合中的前16个导频(该导频的集合中包括的导频的数量大于16)。可以看出，该实施方式中可以通过一个子集指示出一个集合，从而可以节省信令开销。
下面通过表8示例性示出一种第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例。如表8所示，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量。第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系可以是表8中的至少一行。
表8第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000008
下面通过表9示例性示出一种第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例。如表9所示，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所的尺寸信息。第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系可以是表9中的至少一行。
表9第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000009
下面通过表10示例性示出一种第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例。如表10所示，第一参数包括数据传输误码率阈值。第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系可以是表10中的至少一行。
表10第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000010
下面通过表11示例性示出一种第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例。如表11所示，第一参数包括数据传输速率阈值。第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系可以是表11中的至少一行。
表11第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000011
一种可能的实施方式中，第一参数与多个导频指示信息占用的比特数具有关联关系。第一网络装置可以根据一些参数确定此次使用那个关联关系。
比如下面通过表12示例性示出又一种第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例。如表12所示，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量。第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系可以是表12中的至少一行。
表12第一参数与导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系的示例
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000012
结合表8和表12举个例子，第一网络装置可以选择使用表8所示的第一参数和导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系，或者选择使用表12所示的第一参数和导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系，比如表8可以关联场景的类型、适用场所的场景类型、用户类别或信道状态中的至少一项，表12也可以关联场景的类型、适用场所的场景类型、用户类别或信道状态中的至少一项，第一网络装置可以根据场景的类型、适用场所的场景类型、用户类别或信道状态等确定选择一种(表8或表12)第一参数和导频指示信息占用的比特数的关联关系。
步骤202，第一网络装置获取导频。
导频与第一参数具有关联关系，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。
一种可能的实施方式中，导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频。第一导频集合可以包括一个或多个导频。第一导频集合与第一参数具有关联关系。
第一网络装置获取导频的实施方式与前述步骤201中第一终端装置获取导频的方式类似，比如第一网络装置可以接收来自第一终端装置的指示该导频的信息。或者，第一网络装置可以确定出第一导频集合，继而从第一导频集合中确定出该导频。
类似的，第一网络装置确定第一导频集合的方式有多种，比如第一网络装置获取第一导频特征信息，第一导频特征信息与第一导频集合具有关联关系。第一网络装置根据第一导频特征信息确定第一导频集合。再比如第一网络装置接收来自第一终端装置的指示第一导频集合的信息。
第一网络装置第一终端装置可以获取第一导频特征信息，继而根据第一导频特征信息 确定第一导频集合的相关内容可以参见前述实施方式A2-b1。比如，第一导频特征信息与第一参数具有关联关系。第一网络装置可以根据第一导频特征信息生成第一导频集合。或者第一网络装置预配置第一导频集合和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，第一网络装置获取第一导频特征信息之后，根据第一导频特征信息确定出第一导频集合。或者，第一网络装置可以从其他装置处获取第一导频集合和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，第一网络装置获取第一导频特征信息之后，根据第一导频特征信息确定出第一导频集合。
类似的，第一导频特征信息为多个候选导频特征信息中的一个候选导频特征信息。一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络设备可以接收来自第一终端装置的指示多个候选导频特征信息的信息。
第一网络设备确定第一导频特征信息的实施方式可以参见前述实施方式A2-b1，比如，第一网络设备可以接收来自第一终端装置的指示第一导频特征信息的信息。比如，第一终端装置可以确定第一参数，第一终端装置根据第一参数，以及第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，确定第一导频特征信息。继而第一终端装置向第一网络装置发送指示第一导频特征信息的信息。
再比如，第一网络装置可以根据第一参数确定第一导频特征信息。第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系是协议预定义的，或第一网络装置配置的，或者可以是第一终端装置向第一网络装置发送的。
再比如，第一网络装置可以接收来自第一终端装置的指示第一导频集合的信息。比如第一网络装置可以接收来自第一终端装置的导频指示信息。导频指示信息的相关内容可以参见前述实施方式A2-b2，不再赘述。
第一网络装置获取导频的实施方式与前述步骤201中第一终端装置获取导频的方式类似，不再赘述。
步骤203，第一终端装置根据导频与第一网络装置进行通信。
本申请中终端装置采用的导频与第一参数具有关联关系，又由于第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。可以看出，本申请实施例中依据不同的场景、不同的业务需求等等设置导频，继而提高导频设置的合理性，进而可以提高通信性能。
本申请实施例中第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系可以由网络装置(比如第一网络装置)计算，也可以由终端装置(比如第一终端装置)计算，或者由其他设备执行。本申请实施例中，建立第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系的方案可以与上述图2所示的方案结合使用，也可以单独实施。比如一种可能的实施方式中，上述图2的实施方式在实施之前，可以通过本申请实施例提供的实施方式生成第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系。下面分别通过实施方式C1和实施方式C2进行示例性介绍。
实施方式C1，第一网络装置建立第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系。
可选地，第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系，关联关系可以是协议预定义的，或者，也可以是网络装置通过信令告知终端装置的，或者，也可以是协议预定义多个关联关系，网络装置通过信令告知终端装置使用的其中一个关联关系。
在实施方式C1中，第一导频特征信息可以包括第一参数对应的导频的导频信息(比如导频数目)，第一导频特征信息还可以包括导频分配信息。
基于图1A、图1B、图1C、图1D、图1E和图2所示的实施例以及上述其他内容，图3示例性示出了本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程示意图。该方案用于建立第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系。在实际应用中，图3所示的实施方式可以由终端装置执行，也可以由网络装置执行，或者由其他装置执行。本申请实施例一个示例中由第一装置执行图3所示的方案为例进行举例，本申请实施例中的第一装置可以为网络装置、终端装置或其他装置。在实施方式C1中，由于第一网络装置建立第一参数与第一导频特征信息的关联关系，因此图3的步骤中以该方案的执行主体为第一网络装置为例进行介绍。
如图3所示，方法包括：
步骤301，第一网络装置获取一个或多个终端装置与一个或多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
在步骤301中，比如，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送参考信号。相应地，第一终端装置接收该参考信号。发射端设备发射接收端设备已知的参考信号，该参考信号经过信道传播后被接收端设备接收。接收端设备通过将接收到的参考信号与已知的参考信号进行比较，来对信道进行估计。
其中，参考信号可以包括但不限于探测参考信号(sounding reference signal，SRS)、信道状态信息参考信号(channel state information reference signal，CSI-RS)、感知参考信号以及其他参考信号等。
应理解，参考信号用于测量第一网络装置到第一终端装置之间的信道，并获取调度和链路自适应所需要的信道状态信息，如预编码矩阵、信道质量信息等。还应理解，本申请实施例中的信道状态信息包括大尺度信息。
或者，网络装置可以接收来自终端装置的参考信号，基于来自终端装置的参考信号确定网络装置与各个终端装置之间的信道状态信息，信道状态信息比如为大尺度信息。
举个例子，第一网络装置发送参考信号，参考信号用于确定第一网络装置与多个终端装置中的终端装置之间的信道状态信息。第一终端装置接收来自一个或多个网络装置中的第一网络装置的参考信号，第一终端装置根据参考信号确定与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。第一终端装置向第一网络装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。第一网络装置接收来自第一终端装置的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
类似的，其他终端装置也可以向第一网络装置发送参考信号，根据参考信号获取他们与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。网络装置之间也可以进行交互，比如第一网络装置可以接收来自其他网络装置的该网络装置与一个或多个终端装置之间的信道状态信息。通过该方案第一网络装置获取一个或多个终端装置与一个或多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送上报指示信息。相对应的，第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的上报指示信息。上报指示信息可以承载于调度信息(比如下行控制信息(downlink control information，DCI))或无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)消息中。
其中，上报指示信息指示第一终端装置周期性发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间 的信道状态信息。上报指示信息还包括：第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的周期时长、第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的资源信息，第一网络装置接收第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的资源信息，第一终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息占用的比特位的数量，或第一接收点接收的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息占用的比特位的数量中的至少一项。如此，第一网络装置可以根据上报指示信息上报信道状态信息。
又一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下：第一终端装置向第一网络装置发送更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。第一网络装置接收来自第一终端装置的更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息是第一终端装置在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下发送的。如此，可以使第一网络装置根据最新的信道状态信息进行通信。
本申请实施例中，信道状态信息变化量阈值是预设的，或是来自第一网络装置的指示信道状态信息变化量阈值的信息指示的。一种可能的实施方式中，信道状态信息变化量阈值与第一参数具有关联关系。比如，不同的两个第一参数关联的两个信道状态信息变化量阈值不同。举个例子，不同场景对应的两个信道状态信息变化量阈值可以不同，再比如不同的速率对应的两个信道状态信息变化量阈值可以不同，再比如，不同的误码率对应的两个信道状态信息变化阈值可以不同。设置不同的阈值，可以满足不同场景条件下的信道状态信息的需求，还可以降低反馈信令的开销。
步骤302，第一网络装置根据信道状态信息，确定第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息。
第二导频特征信息包括导频数量和导频分配信息。导频分配信息指示导频数量的导频在多个终端装置之间的分配方式。第一参数相关内容参见前述介绍，不再赘述。在步骤302中，第一网络装置可以基于Dsatur算法或者基于正交导频分配方案确定的第二导频特征信息。
基于正交导频分配方案确定的导频分配信息可以指示为每个终端装置分配一个导频，比如一共有K个终端装置，则第二导频特征信息指示需要K个导频，任意两个导频不同，K为正整数。
基于Dsatur算法确定的第二导频特征信息中的导频分配信息中可以指示存在复用一个导频的终端装置。第二导频特征信息指示存在至少两个终端，至少两个终端复用一个导频。如此可以减少导频数量。
步骤303，第一网络装置确定基于第二导频特征信息满足预设的速率需求值的终端装置的第一数量。
步骤304，第一网络装置在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，更新第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息，得到与第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
在上述步骤304中，一种可能的实施方式中，在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，增加第二导频特征信息指示的导频数量，得到第一导频特征信息。
比如，在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，针对未满足速率需求值的第一终端装置，第二导频特征信息指示第一终端装置与第二终端装置复用同一个导频。设置第一 需求，第一需求指示第一终端装置和第二终端装置无法复用同一个导频。根据第一需求进行一次或多次迭代，直至满足预设的迭代停止条件，得到与第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，第二导频特征信息指示第一终端装置与多个第三终端装置复用第一导频。第二终端装置为多个第三终端装置中与第一终端装置物理位置最近的第三终端装置。
在步骤304中，第一网络装置可以经过多次迭代，最后得到第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。预设的迭代停止条件包括以下内容中的至少一项：满足预设的速率需求值的终端装置的数量不小于预设用户数量阈值(预设用户数量阈值比如可以为第一终端装置适用场所内的包括的所有终端装置的数量)；当前导频数目与导频数目初始值的差值大于预设值；或迭代次数大于预设迭代次数。
下面以智能工厂中包括K个单天线的终端装置和M个网络装置为例，第一参数比如可以包括终端装置的数量K，和/或网络装置的数量M。下面通过一个示例介绍一种可能的确定第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息的示例。详细描述本申请实施例提供的导频分配方案方法。该方法可以包括步骤1至步骤6，下面步骤1至步骤6中涉及到的各个参数的含义可以互相参见，不再赘述。
下面对该方法的各个步骤进行详细介绍。
步骤1，终端装置k按照大尺度信道比值选择与之接入的网络装置集合
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000013
可选地，网络装置集合
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000014
的选择准则为：对任意第k个终端装置，将大尺度信息{β m,k} m＝1,2,…,M由大到小排列并逐个加入集合
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000015
直到：
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000016
成立，其中，T h∈(0,1]，T h为系统设定的阈值，β m,k为第k个终端装置到第m个网络装置的大尺度信道增益。应理解，阈值越大表示服务终端装置k(第k个终端装置)的网络装置数目越多。
本申请实施例中终端装置k向集合
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000017
的网络装置发送正交导频序列，导频数目为τ，τ≤K，K为预设值，用于导频传输的时间为τ/Bw秒(second，s)，其中B w为系统所占据的带宽。
一种可能的实施方式中，共用同一个导频的终端装置的数量可以设置不超过预设的数量阈值，从而可以降低干扰，提高可靠性，简化算法的运算过程。
本申请实施例中的终端装置k可以以传输差错概率ε k在时间T＝L/B w秒内将
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000018
比特的小包数据上传至网络装置，使得整个上行系统的加权和速率最大化并满足每个终端装置的最大能量约束E k，其中B w为系统的带宽，L为码块总数量(L也可以理解为导频和数据的总的分块长度，L为导频和数据对应的码块的总数量)，
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000019
为最小速率需求，k的取值可以从1至K的正整数，数学表达式可以表示为
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000020
步骤2，针对M个网络装置中的网络装置，网络装置接收到的导频序列后，利用最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error，MMSE)算法估计出与之相连的终端装置到该网络装置之间信道，并将信道信息反馈给终端装置。
可选地，第k个终端装置发送的导频序列记为q k，采用MMSE信道估计，则第m个网络装置对第k个终端装置的信道估计值为：
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000021
其中，β m,k为第k个终端装置到第m个网络装置的大尺度信道增益，
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000022
为一通信设备k的导频的发射功率，
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000023
为第m个网络装置接收到的导频信号矩阵，
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000024
其中
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000025
如下：
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000026
为第m个网络装置的均值为0，方差为σ 2的加性高斯白噪声
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000027
接入同一个网络装置的两个终端装置之间不能复用导频，k和k`为两个终端装置，第k`个终端装置发送的导频序列记为q k`，M k为第k个终端装置接入的网络装置，M k`为第k`个终端装置接入的网络装置，第k`个终端装置和第k个终端装置所接入的网络装置的交集不为空，则该两个终端装置的导频正交，可以通过以下公式表示
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000029
步骤3，终端装置进行上行数据传输。
可选地，用于数据发送的时间为(L-K)/B w s，T＝L/B w为上行数据包传输的总的时延要求。
步骤4，网络装置推导每个终端装置在时延要求(T)和高可靠(ε k)要求下的速率下界。
在第k个终端装置的数据的发射功率和导频的发射功率均设置为0.1瓦的情况下，终端装置k的可达速率下界可表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000030
其中：
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000032
可以是指任意的终端装置，可以理解为每个终端装置都可以进行计算，以得到该终端装置的速率下界，ε k为终端装置k的传输差错概率，
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000033
为导频的总数量在导频和数据对应的总的码块的数量中的占比。
步骤5，网络装置根据步骤4计算的各个终端装置的上行数据的速率下界，将速率下界满足预设最小上行速率需求
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000034
的终端装置放入集合S。建立以集合S中的终端装置的数量最大化为目标，同时满足时延需求T、传输差错概率ε k以及最小上行速率需求
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000035
的优化模型，求解该优化模型，可以得到导频数目至以及导频分配方案。
建立优化模型为：(P0)max|S|，约束条件可以为：
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000036
该约束条件表示接入同一个网络装置的两个终端装置之间不能复用导频，k和k`为两个终端装置，第k`个终端装置发送的导频序列记为q k`，M k为第k个终端装置接入的网络装置，M k`为第k`个终端装置接入的网络装置，第k`个终端装置和第k个终端装置所接入的网络装置的交集不为空，则该两个终端装置的导频正交。
又一种可能的实施方式中，还可以增加一个约束条件：共用同一个导频的终端装置的数量可以设置不超过预设的数量阈值，从而可以降低干扰，提高可靠性，简化算法的运算过程。
步骤6，网络装置求解优化模型，得到导频数目和导频分配信息。
可选地，步骤6可以包括步骤6.1至步骤6.7。
下面以15个设备在200m*200m的智能工厂中随机分布为例进行阐述。
步骤6.1，网络装置基于接入同一个网络装置的两个终端装置之间不能复用导频的原则，建立K×K的二进制矩阵B，其中第k行第k'列的元素b k,k′可表示为
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000037
其中，b k,k′＝1表示终端装置k与终端装置k'无法复用导频。因此，可得到图5A所示的无向图，图5A示例性示出了本申请实施例提供的一种无向图的示意图。图5A中各个黑色圆圈表示终端装置，图5A中示例性示出了各个终端装置在智能工厂中的位置分布示意图，黑色圆圈附近的数字表示终端装置的标号。基于图5A的无向图，利用Dsatur算法可得到导频数目τ Dsa及导频分配信息
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000038
分配方案可以如图5B所示，图5B示例性示出了图5A所示的无向图对应的一种导频分配方案的示意图。如图5B所示，基于Dsatur算法得到的导频分配方案中，有连线的终端装置不能用同样的导频。根据图5B可以看出，对于15个通信设备按照Dstaur算法仅需5个导频。导频数目τ Dsa为5，导频分配信息
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000039
为图5B所示的终端装置的分配方案的示例，比如图5B中所示的，终端装置1、终端装置9和终端装置13共用一个导频。
步骤6.2，网络装置将步骤6.1计算出的导频数目τ Dsa及导频分配信息
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000040
代入模型(P0)max|S|。重新计算集合S中的终端装置的数量，即重新依据前述方案计算终端装置的速率下界，并将速率下界满足预设最小上行速率需求
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000041
的终端装置放入集合S，之后计算更新后的集合S中终端装置的数量。
上述示例中，第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息可以包括步骤6.1中基于Dsatur算法 计算出的导频数目τ Dsa及导频分配信息
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000042
或者根据基于Dsatur算法计算出的导频数目τ Dsa及导频分配信息
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000043
确定第二导频特征信息。一种可能的实施方式中，如果利用Dsatur算法重新计算的集合S中终端装置的数量等于数量K，则可以根据第二导频特征信息确定第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息(比如将第二导频特征信息作为第一导频特征信息)，结束计算流程。若基于Dsatur算法重新计算的集合S中终端装置的数量都小于数量K，则可以进一步对导频分配方案和导频数据进行迭代，比如可以执行下述步骤6.3。
又一种可能的实施方式中，网络装置基于正交导频分配方案确定导频数目，基于正交导频分配方案确定的导频数目(即数目K)与终端装置的数目K相同。基于正交导频分配方案确定的导频分配信息可以指示每个终端装置分配一个导频。将该导频分配信息代入模型(P0)max|S|。网络装置重新计算集合S中的终端装置的数量，即重新依据前述方案计算终端装置的速率下界，并将速率下界满足预设最小上行速率需求
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000044
的终端装置放入集合S，之后计算更新后的集合S中终端装置的数量。
上述示例中，第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息还可以包括步骤6.1中基于正交导频分配方案确定的导频数目和导频分配方案，或者根据基于正交导频分配方案计算出的导频数目K及导频分配方案确定第二导频特征信息。一种可能的实施方式中，如果利用正交导频分配方案重新计算的集合S中终端装置的数量等于数量K，则可以根据第二导频特征信息确定第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息(比如将第二导频特征信息确定为第一导频特征信息)，结束计算流程。若基于正交导频分配方案重新计算的集合S中终端装置的数量都小于数量K，则可以进一步对导频分配方案和导频数据进行迭代，比如可以执行下述步骤6.3。
又一种可能的实施方式中，如果前面两种方案中的至少一个方案(利用Dsatur算法和正交导频分配方案中的至少一个方案)重新计算的集合S中终端装置的数量等于数量K，则可以选择前述集合S中终端装置的数量满足数量K的方案。又一种可能的实施方式中，若前述两种方案中重新计算的集合S中终端装置的数量都小于数量K，则可以执行下述步骤6.3。
步骤6.3，网络装置通过一次或多次迭代的方案更新导频分配方案和导频数目，直至达到预设的迭代停止条件，停止迭代，根据得到的最新的导频数目和导频分配方案确定第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
在步骤6.3中网络装置比如可以将得到的最新的导频数目和导频分配方案作为第一导频特征信息。
下面以第t次迭代过程为例介绍迭代过程，t的取值为0或正整数。下面先介绍在第t次迭代中的各个符号定义：a (t)为前t次迭代最大可支持终端装置的数目；K×K的二进制矩阵为B (t)；导频数目为
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000045
导频分配方案为
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000046
(在进行迭代时导频分配方案的初始值可以是预设的或上述任一方案((Dsatur算法或正交导频分配方案)得到的导频分配方案，或可以选择上述(Dsatur算法和正交导频分配方案中得到的集合S中数量较多的一个方案对应的导频分配方案；
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000047
为复用导频i的终端装置k'的上行数据传输速率，
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000048
复用导频i且无法满足速率需求的终端装置集合定义为
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000050
为复用导频i中无法满足速率需求的终端装置的集合中的一个或多个终端装置；离终端装置
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000051
物理距离最近的且复用导频i的终端装置定义为
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000052
可表示
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000053
其中，U k′和
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000054
表示终端装置k′和终端装置
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000055
的位置二维坐标；问题(P0)目标函数值为Obj (t)；
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000056
为导频长度搜索范围。导频长度搜索范围可以是指在迭代算法中进行导频方案确定的时候，在导频长度与初始方案的导频长度的差值区间内进行搜索迭代。比如初始方案的导频长度为s1，导频长度搜索范围为n，则迭代算法中导频的长度为sl-n～s1+n，或者，s1～s1+n等。
下面介绍具体迭代过程。
初始化迭代次数t＝0，B (0)＝B,a (0)和Obj (0)为步骤6.2中得到的Dsatur算法及正交导频分配方案中最大的目标函数值，即接入的终端装置的最大数目(可以为前述步骤6.2中Dsatur算法及正交导频分配方案中计算出的集合S中的终端装置的数量)；
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000057
等于步骤6.2中基于Dsatur算法得到的导频数目；
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000058
等于步骤6.2中基于Dsatur算法得到的导频分配方案。针对无法满足速率需求的终端装置(比如可以为计算的速率下界最小的终端装置，本申请中该装置以该装置称为第一终端装置为例进行示意)
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000059
并找到离终端装置
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000060
(比如可以将该终端装置称为第一终端装置)物理位置最近的终端装置
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000061
(该终端装置可以称为第二终端装置，且终端装置
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000062
与终端装置
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000063
使用同一个导频)，可以写为如下表达式
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000064
不满足速率需求的终端装置(比如第一终端装置)，有可能是受到了较大的干扰，因此可以设置第一需求，第一需求指示第一终端装置和第二终端装置无法复用同一个导频，再次构建新的无向图。即增加导频数量，重新构建新的无向图。
本申请实施例中在多次迭代的过程中，可以更新迭代次数，比如设置迭代次数t加1。且将前一次的迭代结果作为下一次迭代的输入，比如根据
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000065
更新
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000066
和
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000067
的值均为1。更新B (t)＝B (t-1)，根据得到的B (t)。
图5C示例性示出了图5B经过迭代之后的一种可能的示意图，如图5C所示，在图5B的基础上新增终端装置1与终端装置9之间的连线，无向图中连线的两个终端装置之间不能共同用一个导频。新构建的无向图有虚线所示的新增连线。图5D示例性示出了基于图 5C所示的无向图确定的导频分配方案的示意图，如图5D所示，新的导频分配方案中，终端装置1与终端装置9不共用导频，终端装置1与终端装置11和终端装置12共用同一个导频。
基于更新后的无向图，运用Dsatur算法重新计算导频数目
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000068
和导频分配方案
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000069
还可以得到新的目标函数值Obj (t)。进一步，可以判断是否满足迭代停止条件，若满足，则可以停止迭代，根据最新得到的导频数目
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000070
和导频分配方案
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000071
得到第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。若不满足，则可以继续下一轮迭代。
下一轮迭代过程中，更新
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000072
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000073
当Obj (t)＞a (t-1)，更新导频数目，可以表达为
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000074
更新分配方案，可以表达为：
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000075
及a (t)＝Obj (t)；当Obj (t)＜a (t-1)，
a (t)＝a (t-1)。继续进行迭代。迭代过程如前，不再赘述。
当满足迭代停止条件则停止迭代，若不满足迭代停止条件，则继续迭代。迭代停止条件比如可以包括：当前导频数目与导频数目的初始值的差值大于导频长度搜索范围，比如可以表达为
Figure PCTCN2022120681-appb-000076
或者迭代停止条件可以包括迭代次数大于预设迭代次数(预设迭代次数比如为20)，比如可以表达为t＞20。
应理解，上述各步骤所示的具体实现过程，可以采用其他方式实现，本申请对此不作限定。
实施方式C2，第一终端装置确定导频特征信息。
在实施方式C2中，第一终端装置确定导频特征信息的方式与第一网络装置确定导频特征信息的方式基本类似，比如上述步骤302、步骤303和步骤304可以由第一终端装置执行，具体执行方案与前述内容类似，不再赘述。第一终端装置在执行步骤302之前，需要获取到一个或多个终端装置与一个或多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息。第一导频特征信息是根据一个或多个终端装置与一个或多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息确定的，多个终端装置包括第一终端装置。
第一终端装置可以通过接收来自一个或多个网络装置(比如第一网络装置)的参考信号，确定出第一终端装置与网络装置(比如第一网络装置)之间的信道状态信息。第一终端装置获取到其他终端装置与网络装置之间的信道状态信息的方式有多种，比如可以由网 络装置下发该网络装置与其他终端装置之间的信道状态信息，再比如可以由其他终端装置向第一终端装置发送该终端装置与一个或多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息。下面以多个终端装置还包括一个或多个第二终端装置为例，通过下述实施方式C2-1和实施方式C2-2对该部分内容进行介绍。
实施方式C2-1，第一网络装置单播、组播或广播的指示第二终端装置与一个或多个网络装置中的第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，各个网络装置发送参考信号。各个终端装置可以基于接收到的参考信号确定各个终端装置与网络装置之间的信道状态信息。各个终端装置可以将信道状态信息反馈给各个网络装置。或者，网络装置可以接收来自终端装置的参考信号，基于来自终端装置的参考信号确定网络装置与各个终端装置之间的信道状态信息。
进一步，网络装置可以通过单播、组播或广播的方式发送终端装置与网络装置之间的信道状态信息。比如网络装置可以通过(公共RRC信令或组DCI)发送终端装置与网络装置之间的信道状态信息。比如第一网络装置单播、组播或广播指示第二终端装置与一个或多个网络装置中的第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。指示第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的信息可以承载于调度信息(比如DCI)或RRC消息中。其他网络装置也可以通过单播、组播或广播的方式发送该网络装置与终端装置之间的信道状态信息。比如，第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示第二终端装置与多个网络装置中的第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。如此，第一终端装置可以获取到一个或多个终端装置与一个或多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
又一种可能的实施方式中，第二终端装置在第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下：第二终端装置向第一网络装置发送更新后的第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。第一网络装置接收来自第二终端装置的更新后的第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。进一步，第一网络装置可以通过单播、组播或广播的方式向其他终端装置发送更新后的第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。以使第一终端装置获取到最新的第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息，继而更准确的确定通信条件。
实施方式C2-2，第一终端装置接收来自第二终端装置的单播或组播的指示第二终端装置与多个网络装置中的第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
在实施方式中C2-2中，各个网络装置发送参考信号。各个终端装置可以基于接收到的参考信号确定各个终端装置与网络装置之间的信道状态信息。各个终端装置之间可以进行交互，以便一个终端装置将该终端装置与网络装置之间的信道状态信息发送给(比如单播或组播)其他终端装置(比如第一终端装置)。比如，第一终端装置接收来自第二终端装置的单播或组播的指示第二终端装置与多个网络装置中的第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
类似的，第一终端装置也可以向其他终端装置(比如第二终端装置)发送(比如单播发送)第一终端装置与一个或多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息。再比如，第一终端装置向第一终端装置组中的终端(比如该第一终端装置组包括一个或多个终端装置，比如可以包括有一个或多个第二终端装置)组播第一终端装置与一个或多个网络装置(比如第一网络装置)之间的信道状态信息(或者也可以称为上行信道状态信息)。
再举个例子，比如第一终端装置组中设置一个终端装置为头用户，比如设置一个第二终端装置为头用户，则其他各个终端装置可以通过单播的方式将该终端装置与网络装置之间的信道状态信息发送给该头用户，继而该头用户可以通过组播的方式，向该第一终端装置组内的其他终端装置组播该终端装置组内各个终端装置与网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，第二终端装置在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下：第二终端装置向第一终端装置发送(单播或组播)更新后的第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
类似的，又一种可能的实施方式中，第一终端装置在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下：第一终端装置向其他终端装置发送(单播或组播)更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
本申请实施例提供的用于确定第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息的方案也可以由其他装置执行，比如其他设备，其他设备可以从终端装置和/或网络装置获取到多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
本申请实施例提供的方案中基于终端装置和网络装置的信道状态信息优化导频分配方案。基于时延可靠性建立导频分配方案的优化模型，建立目标优化问题，以便优化导频数目和导频分配方案，可以更好的满足超高可靠性与超低时延通信(Ultra Reliable&Low Latency Communication，uRLLC)用户超低时延超高可靠性。比如上述优化方案中，针对无法满足速率需求的终端装置，该装置可能受到了较强的干扰，因此无法满足速率，因此可以设置新的需求，比如将原来导频分配方案中与该终端装置共用同一个导频的终端装置设置为不可与该终端装置共用同一个导频，基于该新的需求重新计算导频分配方案。如此经过多次迭代，达到优化导频分配方案的目的。
图6示例性示出应用本申请实施例提供的方案和应用Dsatur算法的方案的效果示意图，图6中的(a)、图6中的(b)、图6中的(c)和图6中的(d)中显示了在一个区域内终端装置的导频分配方案，在图6中除了小黑圆点表示基站之外，其他形状(三角形、菱形、空心圆形、十字形、×型、星形等形状)均表示终端装置，且相同形状的终端装置标识可以共用同一个导频的终端装置。终端装置旁边写有(NO)的表示该终端装置不能满足速率需求。图6中的(a)所示的区域内给终端装置分配的导频数量为14，图6中的(c)所示的区域内给终端装置分配的导频数量为13，图6中的(b)和图6中的(d)所示的区域内给终端装置分配的导频数量为12。图6中的(a)和图6中的(c)是应用本申请实施例提供的方案所得到的导频分配示意图，图6中的(b)和图6中的(d)是应用Dsatur算法所得到的导频分配示意图。结合图6中的(a)和图6中的(b)对比来看，以及结合图6中的(c)和图6中的(d)对比来看，可以看出，应用本申请实施例提供的方案可以减少达不到速率需求的终端装置的数量，提高的整体系统性能。通过优化之后的性能对比可以看出，基于Dsatur算法得到的导频分配方案中有些非常靠近基站的终端装置无法满足速率需求，而本申请实施例提供的方案所得到的导频分配方案中，靠近基站的终端装置基本上都可以满足速率需求。
上述各个消息的名称仅仅是作为示例，随着通信技术的演变，上述任意消息均可能改 变其名称，但不管其名称如何发生变化，只要其含义与本申请上述消息的含义相同，则均落入本申请的保护范围之内。
本申请实施例中，向终端设备发送信息可以理解为该信息的目的地是终端设备。例如，模块A向终端发送信息包括：模块A通过空口向终端发送该信息，可选的，模块A可以对该信息进行基带和/或中射频操作；或，模块A将该信息递交至模块B，由模块B向终端发送该信息。其中，模块B向终端发送该信息时，可以是透传该信息、将该信息分段后发送该信息、将该信息与其他信息复用后发送该信息。可选地，模块B可以对该信息进行基带和/或中射频操作后发送该信息等。可选的，模块B可以将该信息封装在数据包中。可选的，模块B还可以为该数据包添加包头和/或填充比特等。
本申请实施例中，从终端设备接收信息可以理解为该信息的发源地是终端设备。例如，模块A从终端设备接收信息包括：模块A通过空口从终端接收该信息，可选的，模块A可以对该信息进行基带和/或中射频操作；或，模块B通过空口从终端接收该信息，并将该信息递交至模块A。其中，模块B将该信息递交至模块A，包括：将接收到的该信息透明地递交至模块A、将接收到的多个分段组合成该信息后递交至模块A、或从复用信息中提取出该信息后递交至模块A。可选地，模块B可以对接收到的信息进行基带和/或中射频操作后发送该信息等。可选的，模块B接收到的该信息被封装在数据包中。可选的，该数据包包括包头和/或填充比特等。
上述模块B可以是一个模块，或者是依次耦合的多个模块，不予限制。例如，模块A是DU模块，模块B是RU模块；再例如，模块A是CU-CP模块，模块B是DU模块和RU模块。
上述主要从各个网元之间交互的角度对本申请提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，上述实现各网元为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本发明能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
根据前述方法，图7为本申请实施例提供的装置的结构示意图。
参考图7，提供了一种装置1301的简化示意图。该装置1301用于实现本申请实施例的网元的功能，例如该网元可以是基站、终端、DU、CU、CU-CP、CU-UP或RU。该装置1301可以是该网元、或者是能够安装在该网元中的装置、或者是能够和该网元匹配使用的装置，不予限制，例如该装置可以是芯片或芯片系统。装置1301包括接口1303和处理器1302。可选的，处理器1302用于执行程序1305。处理器1302可以存储程序1305，或者从其他器件或其他设备(例如从存储器1304或者从第三方网站下载等)获取程序1305。可选的，装置1301包括存储器1304。存储器1304用于存储程序1306。程序1306可以是预先存储，也可以是后续加载。可选的，存储器1304还可以用于存储必要的数据。这些组件一起工作以提供本申请实施例中描述的各种功能。
处理器1302以包括一个或多个处理器，以作为计算设备的组合。处理器1302可以分别包括以下中的一个或多个：微处理器、微控制器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处 理设备(DSPD)，专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、门控逻辑、晶体管逻辑、分立硬件电路、处理电路或其他合适的硬件、固件，和/或配置为执行本申请实施例中描述的各种功能的硬件和软件的组合。处理器1302可以是通用处理器或专用处理器。例如，处理器1302可以是基带处理器或中央处理器。基带处理器可以用于处理通信协议和通信数据。中央处理器可以用于执行软件程序，并处理软件程序中的数据。
接口1303可以包括用于使能与一个或多个计算机设备(例如本申请实施例的网元)通信的任何合适硬件或软件。例如，在一些实施例中，接口1303可以包括用于耦合有线连接的电线或耦合无线连接的无线接口的端子和/或引脚。在一些实施例中，接口1303可以包括发射器、接收器、接口和/或天线。该接口可以被配置为使用任何可用的协议(例如3GPP标准协议)使能计算机设备(例如本申请实施例的网元)之间的通信。
本申请实施例中的程序是指广泛意义上的软件。软件可以是程序代码、程序、子程序、指令集、代码、代码段、软件模块、应用程序、软件应用程序等。该程序可以在处理器和/或计算机中运行，以执行本申请实施例中描述的各种功能和/或过程。
存储器1304可以存储在处理器1302执行软件时所需的必要数据。存储器1304可以使用任何合适的存储技术来实现。例如，存储器1304可以是处理器和/或计算机可以访问的任何可用存储介质。存储介质的非限制性示例有：随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)、可移动介质、光盘存储器、磁盘存储介质、磁存储设备、闪存、寄存器、状态存储器、远程安装存储器、本地或远程存储器组件，或任何其他可以携带或存储软件、数据或信息并可由处理器/计算机访问的介质。
存储器1304和处理器1302可以分开设置，也可以集成在一起。处理器1302可以从存储器1304读取信息，存储和/或写入存储器中的信息。存储器1304可以集成在处理器1302中。处理器1302和存储器1304可以设置在集成电路(例如专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC))中。集成电路可以设置在本申请实施例的网元或其他网络节点中。图中存储器1304为虚线是进一步标识存储器为可选地意思。
进一步的，该通信装置1301还可以进一步包括总线系统，其中，处理器1302、存储器1304、接口1303可以通过总线系统相连。
如图7所示，该装置1301可以为第一终端装置或第一网络装置，也可以为芯片或电路，比如可设置于第一终端装置的芯片或电路，再比如可设置于第一网络装置内的芯片或电路。
在装置1301用于实现第一终端装置的功能的情况下，一种可能的实施方式中，处理器1302用于获取导频，根据导频进行通信。导频与第一参数具有关联关系，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。
一种可能的实施方式中，处理器1302用于确定第一参数，根据第一参数，以及第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，确定第一导频特征信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自第一网络装置的指示第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系的信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自第一网络装置的导频指示信息，导频指示信息指示第一导频集合，处理器1302用于根据导频指示信息确定第一导频集合。
一种可能的实施方式，处理器1302用于确定第一参数，根据导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数的关联关系，确定导频指示信息占用的比特数，根据导频指示信息占用的比特数，从承载导频指示信息的消息的预设位置获取导频指示信息，根据导频指示信息，确定第一导频集合。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自第一网络设备的指示导频的信息。处理器1302用于根据指示导频的信息，确定导频。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自多个网络装置中的第一网络装置的参考信号。处理器1302用于根据参考信号确定与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于向第一网络装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自第一网络装置的上报指示信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自第一网络装置单播、组播或广播的指示第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自第二终端装置的单播或组播的指示第二终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于向第二终端装置发送第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于向第一终端装置组中的终端装置组播第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下：向第一网络装置发送更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下：向第二终端装置发送更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下：向第一终端装置组中的终端组播更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
在装置1301用于实现第一网络装置的功能的情况下，一种可能的实施方式中，处理器1302用于获取导频，根据导频与第一终端装置进行通信。导频与第一参数具有关联关系，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。
一种可能的实施方式中，处理器1302用于确定第一参数，根据第一参数，以及第一 参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系，确定第一导频特征信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于向第一终端装置发送指示第一参数和第一导频特征信息的关联关系的信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于向第一终端装置发送导频指示信息，导频指示信息指示第一导频集合。
一种可能的实施方式中，处理器1302用于确定第一参数，根据导频指示信息占用的比特数与第一参数的关联关系，确定导频指示信息占用的比特数，第一网络装置根据导频指示信息占用的比特数，通过接口1303发送导频指示信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于向第一终端装置发送指示导频的信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于发送参考信号，参考信号用于确定第一网络装置与多个终端装置中的终端装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自第一终端装置的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于向第一终端装置发送上报指示信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于单播、组播或广播指示第一网络装置与第一终端装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于单播、组播或广播指示第一网络装置与第二终端装置之间的信道状态信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，接口1303用于接收来自第一终端装置的更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息，更新后的第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息是第一终端装置在第一终端装置与第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息的变化量大于预设的信道状态信息变化量阈值的情况下发送的。
在装置1301用于实现第一装置的功能的情况下，第一装置可以为终端装置、网络装置或其他装置，一种可能的实施方式中，处理器1302用于获取多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息，根据信道状态信息，确定第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息，确定基于第二导频特征信息满足预设的速率需求值的终端装置的第一数量，在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，更新第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息，得到与第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，处理器1302用于在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，增加第二导频特征信息指示的导频数量，得到第一导频特征信息。
一种可能的实施方式中，处理器1302用于在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，针对未满足速率需求值的第一终端装置，第二导频特征信息指示第一终端装置与第二终端装置复用同一个导频，设置第一需求，第一需求指示第一终端装置和第二终端装置无法复用同一个导频，根据第一需求进行一次或多次迭代，直至满足预设的迭代停止条件，得到与第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
该通信装置所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
根据前述方法，图8为本申请实施例提供的装置的结构示意图，如图8所示，装置1401可以包括通信收发器1403和处理器1402。进一步的，该装置1401可以包括有存储器1404。 图中存储器1404为虚线是进一步标识存储器为可选地意思。通信收发器1403，用于输入和/或输出信息；处理器1402，用于执行计算机程序或指令，使得装置1401实现上述图2或图3的相关方案中第一终端装置、第一网络设备或第一装置的方法。本申请实施例中，通信收发器1403可以实现上述图7的接口1303所实现的方案，处理器1402可以实现上述图7的处理器1302所实现的方案，存储器1404可以实现上述图7的存储器1304所实现的方案，在此不再赘述。
基于以上实施例以及相同构思，图9为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的示意图，如图9所示，该装置1501可以为第一终端装置、第一网络设备或第一装置，也可以为芯片或电路，比如可设置于第一终端设备的芯片或电路，再比如可设置于第二终端设备内的芯片或电路，再比如可设置于网络设备内的芯片或电路。
该装置1501包括处理单元1502和通信单元1503。进一步的，该装置1501可以包括有存储单元1504，也可以不包括存储单元1504。图中存储单元1504为虚线是进一步标识存储器为可选地意思。
在装置1501用于实现第一终端装置的功能的情况下，一种可能的实施方式中：处理单元1502用于获取导频，根据导频进行通信。导频与第一参数具有关联关系，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。
在装置1501用于实现第一网络装置的功能的情况下，一种可能的实施方式中：处理单元1502用于获取导频，根据导频与第一终端装置进行通信。导频与第一参数具有关联关系，第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、适用场所内的终端装置的密度、适用场所的尺寸信息、适用场所的场景类型、适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项。
在装置1501用于实现第一装置的功能的情况下，一种可能的实施方式中：处理器1302用于处理单元1502用于获取多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息，根据信道状态信息，确定第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息，确定基于第二导频特征信息满足预设的速率需求值的终端装置的第一数量，在第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，更新第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息，得到与第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
该通信装置所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
可以理解的是，上述装置1501中各个单元的功能可以参考相应方法实施例的实现，此处不再赘述。
应理解，以上通信装置的单元的划分仅仅是一种逻辑功能的划分，实际实现时可以全部或部分集成到一个物理实体上，也可以物理上分开。本申请实施例中，通信单元1503可以由上述图7的接口1303实现，处理单元1502可以由上述图7的处理器1302实现。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序代码或指令，当该计算机程序代码或指令在计算机上运行时，使得该计算机执行图2或图3所示实施例中任意一个实施例的方法。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读介质存储有程序代码，当该程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得该计算机执行图2或图3所示实施例中任意一个实施例的方法。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统可以包括处理器。该处理器与存储器耦合，可用于执行图2或图3所示实施例中任意一个实施例的方法。可选地，该芯片系统还包括存储器。存储器，用于存储计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)。处理器，用于从存储器调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有芯片系统的设备执行图2或图3所示实施例中任意一个实施例的方法。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供一种系统，其包括前述的一个或多个网络设备。
一种可能的实施方式中，该系统还可以包括一个或多个终端设备，比如可以包括本申请实施例涉及到的第一终端装置和/或第二终端装置。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行计算机指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例的流程或功能。计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，高密度数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD))、或者半导体介质(例如，固态硬盘(solid state disc，SSD))等。
需要指出的是，本专利申请文件的一部分包含受著作权保护的内容。除了对专利局的专利文件或记录的专利文档内容制作副本以外，著作权人保留著作权。
上述各个装置实施例中网络设备与终端设备和方法实施例中的网络设备或终端设备对应，由相应的模块或单元执行相应的步骤，例如通信单元(收发器)执行方法实施例中接收或发送的步骤，除发送、接收外的其它步骤可以由处理单元(处理器)执行。具体单元的功能可以参考相应的方法实施例。其中，处理器可以为一个或多个。
在本说明书中使用的术语“部件”、“模块”、“系统”等用于表示计算机相关的实体、硬件、固件、硬件和软件的组合、软件、或执行中的软件。例如，部件可以是但不限于，在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、程序和/或计算机。通过图示，在计算设备上运行的应用和计算设备都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可驻留在进程和/或执行线程中，部件可位于一个计算机上和/或分布在两个或更多个计算机之间。此外，这些部件可从在上面存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。部件可例如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如来自与本地系统、分布式系统和/或网络间的另一部件交互的二个部件的数据，例如通过信号与其它系统交互的互联网)的信号通过本地和/或远程进程来通信。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各种说明性逻辑 块(illustrative logical block)和步骤(step)，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一终端装置获取导频，所述导频与第一参数具有关联关系，所述第一参数包括所述第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、所述第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、所述适用场所内的终端装置的密度、所述适用场所的尺寸信息、所述适用场所的场景类型、所述适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项；
    所述第一终端装置根据所述导频进行通信。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频；
    所述第一导频集合与第一导频特征信息具有关联关系；所述第一导频特征信息包括：所述第一导频集合中的导频的密度、数目或长度中的至少一项；
    所述第一导频特征信息与所述第一参数具有关联关系。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一导频特征信息为多个候选导频特征信息中的一个候选导频特征信息；
    所述候选导频特征信息包括第一候选导频特征信息和第二候选导频特征信息；所述第一候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项；所述第二候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项；
    所述第一候选导频特征信息和所述第二候选导频特征信息中的导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项不同。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端装置接收来自所述第一网络装置的指示所述第一参数和所述第一导频特征信息的关联关系的信息。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频，所述第一导频集合与所述第一参数具有关联关系；
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置的导频指示信息，所述导频指示信息指示所述第一导频集合；
    所述第一终端装置根据所述导频指示信息确定所述第一导频集合。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频指示信息占用的比特数与所述第一参数具有关联关系。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一终端装置获取导频，包括：
    所述第一终端装置接收来自所述第一网络设备的指示所述导频的信息；
    所述第一终端装置根据所述指示所述导频的信息，确定所述导频。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括以下内容中的至少一项：
    所述第一终端装置接收来自第一网络装置单播、组播或广播的指示第二终端装置与所述第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息；
    所述第一终端装置接收来自所述第二终端装置的单播或组播的指示所述第二终端装置与所述第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息；
    所述第一终端装置向所述第二终端装置发送所述第一终端装置与所述第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息；或，
    所述第一终端装置向第一终端装置组中的终端装置组播所述第一终端装置与所述第一网络装置之间的信道状态信息。
  9. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一网络装置获取导频，所述导频与第一参数具有关联关系，所述第一参数包括第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、所述第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、所述适用场所内的终端装置的密度、所述适用场所的尺寸信息、所述适用场所的场景类型、所述适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项；
    所述第一网络装置根据所述导频与所述第一终端装置进行通信。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频；
    所述第一导频集合与第一导频特征信息具有关联关系；所述第一导频特征信息包括：所述第一导频集合中的导频的密度、数目或长度中的至少一项；
    所述第一导频特征信息与所述第一参数具有关联关系。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一导频特征信息为多个候选导频特征信息中的一个候选导频特征信息；
    所述候选导频特征信息包括第一候选导频特征信息和第二候选导频特征信息；所述第一候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项；所述第二候选导频特征信息包括导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项；
    所述第一候选导频特征信息和所述第二候选导频特征信息中的导频的密度、导频的数目，或导频的长度中的至少一项不同。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示所述第一参数和所述第一导频特征信息的关联关系的信息。
  13. 如权利要求9-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频为第一导频集合包括的导频中的导频，所述第一导频集合与所述第一参数具有关联关系；
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送导频指示信息，所述导频指示信息指示所述第一导频集合。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导频指示信息占用的比特数与所述第一参数具有关联关系。
  15. 如权利要求9-14任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络装置向第一终端装置发送指示所述导频的信息。
  16. 如权利要求9-15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络装置单播、组播或广播指示所述第一网络装置与所述第一终端装置之间 的信道状态信息；和/或，
    所述第一网络装置单播、组播或广播指示所述第一网络装置与第二终端装置之间的信道状态信息。
  17. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    获取多个终端装置与多个网络装置之间的信道状态信息；
    根据所述信道状态信息，确定第一参数关联的第二导频特征信息，所述第二导频特征信息包括导频数量和导频分配信息，所述导频分配信息指示所述导频数量的导频在所述多个终端装置之间的分配方式，所述第一参数包括所述第一终端装置适用场所内的网络装置数量、所述第一终端装置适用场所内的终端装置数量、所述适用场所内的终端装置的密度、所述适用场所的尺寸信息、所述适用场所的场景类型、所述适用场所对应的信道类型、数据传输速率阈值、数据传输时延阈值，数据传输误码率阈值，或数据传输可靠性阈值中的至少一项；
    确定基于所述第二导频特征信息满足预设的速率需求值的终端装置的第一数量；
    在所述第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，更新所述第一参数关联的所述第二导频特征信息，得到与所述第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二导频特征信息指示存在至少两个终端，所述至少两个终端复用一个导频。
  19. 如权利要求17或18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，更新所述第一参数关联的所述第二导频特征信息，得到与所述第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息，包括：
    在所述第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，增加所述第二导频特征信息指示的导频数量，得到所述第一导频特征信息。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，增加所述第二导频特征信息指示的导频数量，得到所述第一导频特征信息，包括：
    在所述第一数量小于预设用户数量阈值的情况下，针对未满足所述速率需求值的第一终端装置，所述第二导频特征信息指示所述第一终端装置与第二终端装置复用同一个导频；
    设置第一需求，所述第一需求指示所述第一终端装置和所述第二终端装置无法复用同一个导频；
    根据所述第一需求进行一次或多次迭代，直至满足预设的迭代停止条件，得到与所述第一参数关联的第一导频特征信息。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二导频特征信息指示所述第一终端装置与多个第三终端装置复用所述第一导频；
    所述第二终端装置为所述多个第三终端装置中与所述第一终端装置物理位置最近的第三终端装置。
  22. 如权利要求20或21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设的迭代停止条件包括以下内容中的至少一项：
    满足预设的速率需求值的终端装置的数量不小于所述预设用户数量阈值；
    当前导频数目与导频数目初始值的差值大于预设值；或，
    迭代次数大于预设迭代次数。
  23. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括通信接口和至少一个处理器，所述通信接口和所述至少一个处理器通过线路互联；
    所述通信接口，用于输入和/或输出信令或数据；
    所述处理器，用于执行计算机可执行程序，使得权利要求1-22任一项所述的方法被执行。
  24. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理器和存储器，
    所述存储器，用于存储计算机程序或指令；
    所述处理器，用于执行存储器中的计算机程序或指令，使得权利要求1-22任一项所述的方法被执行。
  25. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理单元和通信单元，所述处理单元用于通过所述通信单元执行如权利要求1-22任一项所述的方法。
  26. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令在被计算机调用时，使得权利要求1-22任一项所述的方法被执行。
  27. 一种芯片系统，其特征在于，所述芯片系统包括至少一个处理器，和接口电路，所述接口电路和所述至少一个处理器通过线路互联，所述处理器通过运行指令，以执行权利要求1-22任一项所述的方法。
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Citations (3)

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CN107404371A (zh) * 2016-05-20 2017-11-28 华为技术有限公司 一种数据处理方法、装置及系统
CN109474395A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-15 华为技术有限公司 数据传输方法、终端、网络设备和通信系统
US20190334749A1 (en) * 2016-07-28 2019-10-31 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Pilot signal transmission method, terminal equipment, and network equipment

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CN107404371A (zh) * 2016-05-20 2017-11-28 华为技术有限公司 一种数据处理方法、装置及系统
US20190334749A1 (en) * 2016-07-28 2019-10-31 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Pilot signal transmission method, terminal equipment, and network equipment
CN109474395A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-15 华为技术有限公司 数据传输方法、终端、网络设备和通信系统

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