WO2024058138A1 - ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム及びヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能層 - Google Patents
ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム及びヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能層 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024058138A1 WO2024058138A1 PCT/JP2023/033087 JP2023033087W WO2024058138A1 WO 2024058138 A1 WO2024058138 A1 WO 2024058138A1 JP 2023033087 W JP2023033087 W JP 2023033087W WO 2024058138 A1 WO2024058138 A1 WO 2024058138A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0018—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for preventing ghost images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3066—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state involving the reflection of light at a particular angle of incidence, e.g. Brewster's angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
- G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a head-up display system and an optical functional layer suitable for application to a head-up display.
- HUD head-up displays
- LCD liquid crystal display
- the light emitted from the image display means is reflected by the reflecting mirror and further reflected by the windshield before reaching the viewer. Although the viewer sees an image projected onto the windshield, the image appears to be located at an image position farther away than the windshield.
- the driver can obtain a variety of information without having to move his/her line of sight while keeping his/her gaze fixed on the front of the windshield, making it safer than traditional car navigation systems that require the driver to move his or her line of sight. be.
- the display information is projected onto the actual scenery seen through the windshield, but since the display light is reflected by two surfaces of the windshield, one on the indoor side and one on the outdoor side, the reflected image is a double image. Therefore, there was a problem that the displayed information was difficult to see.
- Patent Document 1 states that when S-polarized display light is incident at the Brewster angle on an automobile windshield equipped with a film-like optical polarizer inside, the surface of the windshield on the inside of the vehicle is A portion of the polarized light is reflected, the S-polarized light transmitted through the surface is converted to P-polarized light by an optical rotator, and then all of the P-polarized light is emitted to the outside of the vehicle at the surface of the windshield on the outside of the vehicle to prevent double images. is disclosed.
- a light-reflecting film made using a cholesteric liquid crystal layer to reflect circularly polarized light is used as a light-control film sandwiched between two quarter-wave plates.
- a technique for making polarized light incident is known (Patent Document 2). In this technology, incident linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light by a quarter-wave plate, and the converted circularly polarized light is reflected by a light reflective film made using a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, making it visible to the observer. enable.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a head-up display system and an optical functional layer for a head-up display that are excellent in suppressing the occurrence of double images.
- a head-up display includes an image display unit that emits display light indicating a display image, and functional glass on which an image projected from the image display unit is projected,
- the functional glass includes an optical functional layer exhibiting reverse wavelength dispersion,
- the angle ⁇ at which the functional glass is arranged is 20° or more and 70° or less, and With respect to the functional glass, a reflected image is visible within a viewing angle range of Brewster's angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) ⁇ 15°.
- the optical functional layer for a head-up display system is provided in the head-up display system.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a head-up display system and an optical functional layer for a head-up display that are excellent in suppressing the occurrence of double images.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a head-up display system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the head-up display system according to the present invention.
- 1 is a schematic side sectional view showing one embodiment of an optical functional layer for a head-up display according to the present invention.
- 4 is a schematic side sectional view showing an embodiment of an optical laminate including the optical functional layer shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic side sectional view showing an embodiment of functional glass including the optical laminate shown in FIG. 4.
- the expression “for head-up display” may be omitted and simply referred to as an optical functional layer, an optical laminate, or a functional glass.
- terms such as “(meth)acryloyl” and “(meth)acrylate” mean “acryloyl” or “methacryloyl”, “acrylate” or “methacrylate”, respectively.
- a “head-up display” may be referred to as a HUD, and a film used for a retardation layer may be referred to as a retardation film.
- a head-up display includes an image display unit that emits display light indicating a display image, and functional glass on which an image projected from the image display unit is projected.
- the functional glass includes an optical functional layer exhibiting reverse wavelength dispersion, and the angle ⁇ at which the functional glass is arranged is 20° or more and 70° or less, and furthermore, the Brewster angle with respect to the functional glass is The reflected image is visible within a viewing angle of ⁇ -(90°-angle ⁇ ) ⁇ 15°.
- the optimal viewing angle is applied at various windshield angles, and double images occur even in various vehicle types. This allows viewers to use the head-up display system without stress over a wide viewing angle range.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the HUD system of the present invention.
- the HUD system shown in FIG. 1 projects display light indicating a display image from an image display means (display device) 2, a reflector 3 that reflects the display light emitted from the image display means 2, and an image display means 2. and functional glass 4 on which the image is projected.
- the display light emitted from the image display means 2 is reflected by a reflecting mirror 3, and the reflected display light is projected onto a functional glass 4 that functions as a windshield, and is projected onto the observer 1 via an optical path 5.
- the virtual image of the display image 6 can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the HUD system of the present invention.
- the HUD system shown in FIG. 1 projects display light indicating a display image from an image display means (display device) 2, a reflector 3 that reflects the display light emitted from the image display means 2, and an image display means 2. and functional glass 4 on which the image is projected.
- the display light emitted from the image display means 2 is incident on the functional glass 4 via the reflecting mirror 3, but it is directly incident on the functional glass 4 from the image display means 2. You may do so. Further, display light indicating a display image is emitted from the image display means 2, reflected by a reflecting mirror 3, and passed through a polarizing plate before reaching the functional glass 4. The functional glass 4 may be irradiated with desired polarized light by adjusting the emitted display light.
- the angle of incidence of the projection light containing the display image on the windshield is generally between about 60° and 70°, and the viewing angle at which the reflected image is visible is usually set to an angle of about 5° downward from the driver's horizontal line of sight.
- the angle ⁇ at which the functional glass is arranged is between 20° and 70°, and further, the reflected image is visible within a viewing angle range of Brewster's angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) ⁇ 15° with respect to the functional glass.
- the angle ⁇ at which the functional glass is arranged is the angle at which the functional glass is inclined with respect to the support on which the functional glass is installed, and in the HUD system shown in Figure 1, it means the angle ⁇ between the functional glass 4 and the dashed line tangent to it.
- the functional glass 4 is the windshield of a vehicle
- such angle ⁇ is the angle at which the windshield is inclined toward the inside of the vehicle.
- Brewster's angle ⁇ is the angle of incidence at which the reflectance of p-polarized light becomes zero when the display light is incident on the surface of the functional glass.
- the angle at which the display light is incident with respect to the axis perpendicular to the functional glass 4 shown by the dashed line is the angle ⁇ at which the reflectance of p-polarized light becomes zero.
- the light is incident from air with a refractive index of 1 onto glass with a refractive index of approximately 1.5, so the Brewster's angle ⁇ is approximately 56°.
- the Brewster angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) when the angle ⁇ at which the functional glass is arranged is 20° or more and 70° or less, the Brewster angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) ⁇ 15° with respect to the functional glass
- the reflected image is visible within the range of the viewing angle, but such viewing angle is the value calculated by Brewster's angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ), Brewster's angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) It may be at least one of the values calculated at ⁇ 15°.
- the viewing angle is 16°, which is the value calculated by 56° - (90° - 50°), and the value calculated by ⁇ 15°.
- the angle may be at least one of 31° and 1°.
- the angle ⁇ at which the functional glass is arranged is preferably 25° or more and 70° or less. By arranging the angle ⁇ within this range, the range in which double images can be suppressed is improved. Further, with respect to the functional glass, it is preferable that the reflected image is visible within a viewing angle range of Brewster's angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) ⁇ 10°. When the viewing angle is within this range, the range in which double images can be suppressed is improved. Also, even at such a viewing angle, the value calculated by Brewster's angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) and the value calculated by Brewster's angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) ⁇ 10°. There may be at least one.
- the display light emitted from the image display means is preferably S-polarized light or P-polarized light.
- Such an image display means is not particularly limited as long as it can emit the desired P-polarized light or S-polarized light before it finally reaches the functional glass. ), organic EL displays (OLED), and the like.
- the image display means is a liquid crystal display device, the emitted light is usually linearly polarized light and can be used as is.
- the image display means is an organic EL display, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the image display means 2 includes a light source 2A and a polarizing plate 2B capable of emitting P-polarized light or S-polarized light. Good too.
- a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display is provided with an optical member such as a polarizing plate or a 1/2 wavelength plate at a light exit such as a dashboard, and an image display device is used. It is also possible to make adjustments so that P-polarized light or S-polarized light can be emitted from the light source.
- the light source used for the image display means is not particularly limited, and a laser light source, an LED light source, etc. can be used.
- the central reflection wavelength of the retardation element constituting the optical functional layer to correspond to the emission spectrum of the light source, it is possible to more effectively sharpen the displayed image.
- the HUD system of the present invention may include a reflecting mirror as necessary.
- the reflecting mirror is not particularly limited as long as it can reflect the display light from the image display means toward the functional glass, and may be composed of, for example, a plane mirror or a concave mirror.
- the concave mirror can also magnify the display light from the display device at a predetermined magnification ratio.
- the optical functional layer included in the functional glass preferably includes at least one retardation layer, and preferably includes two retardation layers.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of an optical functional layer (an optical functional layer for HUD) included in the functional glass of the HUD system of the present invention, and the optical functional layer 10 includes two retardation layers 101. and an adhesive layer 102 that adheres each of the retardation layers 101 are laminated.
- the adhesive layer 102 is provided adjacent to the two retardation layers 101, that is, the two retardation layers 101 are laminated on both surfaces of the adhesive layer 102.
- the retardation layer 101 is provided on the side where a supporting substrate, which will be described later, is outside the optical functional layer 10, that is, does not come into contact with the adhesive layer 102. .
- the retardation value of the retardation layer is preferably 200 nm or more and 350 nm or less, more preferably 220 nm or more and 300 nm or less.
- the retardation values of each retardation layer may be the same or different, but the optical functional layers have different retardation values. It is preferable to have two retardation layers.
- the retardation layer included in the optical functional layer is a layer that has the function of converting the polarization axis of incident light, and includes, for example, (A-1) a 1/2 wavelength plate, (A-2) a 1/4 wavelength plate. , (A-3) a laminate of a 1/2 wavelength plate and a circularly polarized light reflective layer, (A-4) a laminate of a 1/4 wavelength plate and a circularly polarized light reflective layer, (A-5) any other Examples include layers having a phase difference.
- the retardation layer includes at least one aspect of (A-1) to (A-5) above, and when the optical functional layer includes two retardation layers, each retardation layer includes the above (A-5).
- each of the retardation layers is preferably a (A-1) half-wave plate, and the optical functional layer includes two retardation layers, and each retardation layer is a half-wave plate (A-1). More preferably, both layers are half-wave plates.
- two or more retardation layers may function as a 1/2 wavelength plate as a whole; for example, (A-1) to (A-5) may be combined to function as a 1/2 wavelength plate as a whole.
- An optical functional layer may be used.
- the 1/2 wavelength plate is a retardation element that has the function of converting P-polarized light to S-polarized light or S-polarized light to P-polarized light, that is, converting the polarization axis.
- a retardation film made of polycarbonate or cycloolefin polymer is uniaxially stretched so that the retardation is 1/2 of the wavelength, or a horizontally aligned polymerizable liquid crystal is stretched so that the retardation is 1/2 of the wavelength. It can be obtained by orienting it to such a thickness.
- a half-wave plate using horizontally aligned polymerizable liquid crystal includes a polymerizable liquid crystal layer as a layer having the function of converting the polarization axis, and a support on which a coating liquid forming the polymerizable liquid crystal layer is applied. It consists of a substrate. It is also possible to use the polymerizable liquid crystal layer by transferring it to another base material (for example, an interlayer film or a glass plate), but if the 1/2 wavelength plate includes two or more retardation layers, Preferably, it has one support substrate.
- the upper limit of the thickness of such a half-wave plate is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the half-wave plate is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of polymerizability of the liquid crystal.
- the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the retardation element is nx
- the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to nx in the plane of the retardation element is ny
- the refractive index in the thickness direction of the retardation element is nz.
- the coefficient Nz expressed by the following formula (1) is preferably controlled to be 0.3 or more and 1.0 or less, more preferably 0.5 or more and 0.8 or less.
- the 1/2 wavelength plate includes a polymerizable liquid crystal layer
- a liquid crystal composition constituting the polymerizable liquid crystal layer is applied onto the support substrate.
- a 1/2 wavelength plate is used in a HUD
- such a support substrate is preferably transparent in the visible light region in order to maintain the visibility of the displayed image, and specifically, it is transparent in the visible light range. It is sufficient if the average transmittance of visible light is 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 85% or more.
- the supporting substrate may be colored, but it is preferable that it is not colored or has little coloring.
- the refractive index of the supporting substrate is preferably 1.2 to 2.0, more preferably 1.4 to 1.8.
- the thickness of the supporting substrate may be appropriately selected depending on the application, and is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 15 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the supporting substrate may be a single layer or a laminate of two or more layers.
- the supporting substrate include triacetyl cellulose (TAC), acrylic, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the in-plane retardation value Re is preferably 15 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less.
- the retardation value Rth in the thickness direction is preferably 60 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less.
- a method for producing a 1/2 wavelength plate using a nematic liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable group will be explained.
- a nematic liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable group is dissolved in a solvent, and then a photopolymerization initiator is added.
- a solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the liquid crystal monomer used, but examples include cyclopentanone, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclopentanone and toluene are preferred.
- this solution is applied onto a plastic substrate such as PET film or TAC film used as a supporting substrate so that the thickness is as uniform as possible, and while the solvent is removed by heating, it becomes liquid crystal and is oriented on the supporting substrate. Leave it for a certain period of time under the same temperature conditions.
- a photo-alignment material hereinafter referred to as "alignment film coating liquid” that exhibits photo-alignment properties is applied to the plastic substrate surface by rubbing in the desired alignment direction or by irradiating polarized light.
- the nematic liquid crystal monomer is irradiated with ultraviolet rays using a high-pressure mercury lamp or the like to fix the orientation of the liquid crystal, thereby obtaining a half-wave plate having the desired slow axis. can.
- the main role of the 1/2 wavelength plate is to convert S-polarized light or P-polarized light that is transmitted without being reflected by the surface into P-polarized light or S-polarized light. Thereby, it is possible to reduce reflection from the support substrate disposed on the outside and suppress double images.
- the retardation layer included in the functional glass 4 is a 1/2 wavelength plate
- the Brewster angle ⁇ A part of the light incident on the functional glass 4 is directly reflected on the surface of the functional glass 4 and is visually recognized by the observer 1.
- the incident light that has passed through the functional glass 4 is converted into P-polarized light by a 1/2 wavelength plate inside. Thereafter, when the light is emitted from the functional glass 4 into the air, the Brewster's angle again occurs at the interface with the air, so reflection of P-polarized light is suppressed and double images are less likely to occur.
- the incident light on the functional glass 4 is P-polarized light
- the incident light that has passed through the functional glass 4 is converted into S-polarized light by a 1/2 wavelength plate inside.
- the light is reflected at the interface with the air and is visually recognized by the observer 1.
- a quarter wavelength plate can also be used as the retardation layer.
- a 1/4 wavelength plate is a retardation element that has the function of converting circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. It can be obtained by stretching or by orienting horizontally oriented polymerizable liquid crystal to a thickness such that the retardation is 1/4 of the wavelength.
- the quarter-wave plate also includes a polymerizable liquid crystal layer, similarly to the half-wave plate.
- the quarter-wave plate is composed of a polymerizable liquid crystal layer as a layer having the function of converting the polarization axis, and a support substrate on which a coating liquid forming the polymerizable liquid crystal layer is applied. There is.
- the same materials as the nematic liquid crystal monomer and the supporting substrate used in the above-mentioned half-wave plate can be used.
- a phase difference element called a broadband quarter-wave plate may be used as the quarter-wave plate.
- a broadband quarter-wave plate is a phase difference element in which the wavelength dependence of the phase difference is reduced.
- a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate having the same wavelength dispersion can be connected to Examples include a retardation element stacked so that the angle formed is 60°, a polycarbonate retardation element with reduced wavelength dependence of retardation (manufactured by Teijin Corporation: Pure Ace WR-S), and the like.
- the phase difference may change depending on the angle of incidence of the light depending on the phase difference element.
- a method for more precisely matching the phase difference for example, by using a phase difference element whose refractive index is adjusted, it is possible to suppress changes in the phase difference due to the incident angle.
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the retardation element
- ny is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to nx in the plane of the retardation element
- ny is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to nx in the plane of the retardation element.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the quarter-wave plate is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the quarter-wave plate is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the half-wave plate or quarter-wave plate used as the retardation layer preferably includes a polymerizable liquid crystal layer containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a nematic liquid crystal monomer that has a polymerizable group in its molecule and exhibits liquid crystallinity within a certain temperature range or concentration range. Examples of the polymerizable group include (meth)acryloyl group, vinyl group, chalconyl group, cinnamoyl group, and epoxy group. Further, in order for the polymerizable liquid crystal to exhibit liquid crystallinity, it is preferable that there is a mesogenic group in the molecule.
- the mesogenic group is, for example, a rod-shaped or plate-shaped substituent such as a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a (poly)benzoic acid phenyl ester group, a (poly)ether group, a benzylideneaniline group, or an acenaphthoquinoxaline group, or It means a discotic substituent such as a triphenylene group, a phthalocyanine group, or an azacrown group, that is, a group having the ability to induce liquid crystal phase behavior.
- Liquid crystal compounds with rod-shaped or plate-shaped substituents are known in the art as calamitic liquid crystals.
- Nematic liquid crystal monomers having such polymerizable groups include, for example, polymerizable liquid crystals described in JP-A-2003-315556 and JP-A-2004-29824, PALIOCOLOR series (manufactured by BASF), and RMM series. (manufactured by Merck) and other polymerizable liquid crystals. These nematic liquid crystal monomers having a polymerizable group may be used alone or in combination.
- a polymerizable compound that does not have liquid crystallinity and can react with a nematic liquid crystal monomer that has a polymerizable group.
- examples of such compounds include ultraviolet curable resins and the like.
- the ultraviolet curable resin include dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, and a triisocyanate having an isocyanuric ring and pentaerythritol.
- reaction products with tri(meth)acrylate reaction products of pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate with isophorone diisocyanate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra( meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate, tris(acryloxyethyl)isocyanurate, tris(methacryloxyethyl)isocyanurate, glycerol Reaction product of triglycidyl ether and (meth)acrylic acid, caprolactone-modified tris(acryloxyethyl)isocyanurate, reaction product of trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether
- These ultraviolet curable resins that do not have liquid crystal properties must be added to the extent that the composition containing the nematic liquid crystal monomer does not lose its liquid crystal properties, and preferably, per 100 parts by mass of the nematic liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable group.
- the amount is 0.1 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less.
- a photopolymerization initiator is added in order to cure the composition containing them with UV light.
- the photopolymerization initiator include 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholinopropane-1 (IGM Resins B.V. "Omnirad 907"), 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl Ketone (IGM Resins B.V. “Omnirad 184”), 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)ketone (IGM Resins B.V.
- thioxanthone 2-chlorothioxanthone (“Kayacure CTX” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), 2-methylthioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone (“Kayacure RTX” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), isopropylthioxanthone, 2 , 4-dichlorothioxanthone (“Kayacure CTX” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), 2,4-diethylthioxanthone (“Kayacure DETX” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and 2,4-diisopropylthioxanthone (“Kayacure DITX” manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) ”) and other thioxanthone compounds.
- Kayacure CTX manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- the photopolymerization initiator preferably Irgacure OXE01, Irgacure OXE02, Irgacure OXE03, Irgacure OXE04 (all manufactured by BASF), Omnirad TPO H, Omnirad 1300, O mnirad 184, Omnirad 369, Omnirad 379, Omnirad 819, Omnirad 127 , Omnirad 907, and Omnirad 1173 (all manufactured by IGM Resins B.V.), more preferably Omnirad TPO H, Irgacure OXE01, Irgacure OXE02, Omnirad 1300 and Omnirad 907.
- These photopolymerization initiators can be used alone or in a mixture of a plurality of them in any proportion.
- auxiliaries include, for example, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, n-butylamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, Michler's ketone, 4,4'-diethylaminophenone, 4-dimethylaminobenzoin.
- auxiliaries include amine compounds such as ethyl acid, (n-butoxy)ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, and isoamyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator and auxiliary agent added is preferably within a range that does not affect the liquid crystallinity of the composition.
- the amount is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less.
- the amount of the auxiliary agent is 0.5 to 2 times the amount of the photopolymerization initiator.
- a 1/2 wavelength plate and a 1/4 wavelength plate are used. are as described above, and as the circularly polarized light reflecting layer, for example, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer using cholesteric liquid crystal is preferable.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the circularly polarized light reflecting layer is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of orientation of cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the circularly polarized light reflecting layer is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of polymerizability of the cholesteric liquid crystal.
- ⁇ Adhesive layer> When attaching retardation layers to each other via an adhesive layer, examples of the adhesive used as the adhesive layer include acrylic or rubber adhesives, but acrylic adhesives are easy to adjust adhesiveness, holding power, etc. Adhesives are preferred. Examples of the adhesive include ultraviolet curable resin compositions, thermosetting resin compositions, and mixtures thereof. In the case of an ultraviolet curable resin composition, the composition, which is a mixture of a plurality of monomers having an acryloyl group or an epoxy group, is irradiated with ultraviolet rays in the presence of a photopolymerization initiator and cured to bond the optical functional layers. Can be done.
- the optical functional layers can be bonded by heating and curing the composition, which is a mixture of a plurality of monomers having epoxy groups, in the presence of an acid catalyst. Furthermore, optical functional layers can be bonded by heating and curing a composition consisting of a plurality of monomers or polymers having an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a hydroxyl group in the presence of a compound having an isocyanate group or melamine.
- the optical functional layer contained in the functional glass exhibits reverse wavelength dispersion in order to accurately convert polarization over a wide wavelength range in the visible light region.
- polymers exhibit normal dispersion in which the absolute value of birefringence increases on the short wavelength side, but by controlling the value of birefringence ⁇ n for each wavelength of visible light, the birefringence increases on the long wavelength side.
- a liquid crystal compound can provide reverse wavelength dispersion.
- reverse wavelength dispersion can also be obtained by stacking retardation layers with appropriate combinations of retardation values and slow axes of a plurality of retardation layers depending on the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the liquid crystal compound.
- the slow axis angle of each retardation layer is determined by the surface of the functional glass including the optical functional layer.
- the half-wave plate can exhibit good polarization axis conversion performance over a wide wavelength range. As a result, the occurrence of double images can be suppressed at a wide viewing angle, and the displayed image can be viewed more clearly.
- a 1/2 wavelength plate including a polymerizable liquid crystal layer as a layer having the function of converting the polarization axis. preferable.
- the polarization conversion rate in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm in the visible light region is high.
- S-polarized light or P-polarized light is incident on the surface of a functional glass including an optical functional layer from a position tilted at 56 degrees from an axis perpendicular to the surface of the functional glass, that is, S-polarized light or P-polarized light is incident on the surface of the functional glass at a Brewster's angle.
- the polarization conversion rate is 80% or more at wavelengths of 450 nm and 710 nm, and 95% or more at wavelength of 580 nm. More preferably, the conversion rate of S-polarized light or P-polarized light is 90% or more at wavelengths of 450 nm and 710 nm, and 97% or more at wavelength of 580 nm.
- the optical functional layer includes two retardation layers
- the optical functional layer as a whole exhibits reverse wavelength dispersion.
- the mode and combination of the retardation value and the slow axis angle in order to obtain reverse wavelength dispersion showing good polarization conversion properties in a wide band with two retardation layers is, for example, It is preferable that the two wavelength plates have a retardation value of 200 nm or more and 350 nm or less.
- one retardation layer has a slow axis angle of +15° or more and +35°, and the other retardation layer has a slow axis angle of +15° or more and +35°; is -80° or more and -60° or less, or (ii) one retardation layer has a slow axis angle of -35° or more and -15° or less, and the other retardation layer has a slow axis angle of -35° or more and -15° or less. It is preferable that the axial angle is +60° or more and +80° or less.
- one retardation layer has a positive slow axis angle
- the other retardation layer has a negative slow axis angle
- each retardation layer has It is preferable that the sum of the absolute values of the slow axis angles is within the range of 90° ⁇ 20.
- the retardation value of the one of the two retardation layers with the larger absolute value of the slow axis angle is It is preferable that the absolute value of the phase axis angle is larger than the retardation value of the other smaller retardation layer.
- each retardation layer is included in the manner and/or combination of the retardation value and slow axis angle described above, so that the incident angle of light on the surface of the functional glass is 56°.
- the polarization conversion property becomes high in the visible light wavelength region.
- the display light emitted from the image display means is incident from the side of the retardation layer with a larger retardation value out of the two retardation layers, thereby preventing the generation of double images.
- the range of suppression can be expanded.
- the angle of incidence refers to the angle between the axis perpendicular to the surface of the display medium (functional glass) and the light incident on the surface of the display medium (hereinafter, this angle of incidence is also referred to as the "angle of incidence X").
- a half-wave plate is used as the retardation layer included in the optical functional layer
- the windshield as the display medium is a functional glass
- the image is emitted from the image display means.
- the display light is S-polarized light
- the S-polarized light emitted from the image display means is reflected through the reflecting mirror 3 in the range of ⁇ -10° to ⁇ +10°, that is, with respect to the axis perpendicular to the surface of the functional glass.
- the reflection of the P-polarized light converted by the functional glass by the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle is suppressed, and the generation of double images is suppressed. can do.
- the incident angle of S-polarized light is less than ⁇ -10° or larger than ⁇ +10°, the incident angle of S-polarized light will deviate from near the Brewster angle, so the P-polarized light converted by the half-wave plate will be Reflection may increase and double images may occur.
- the optical functional layer when the optical functional layer includes two or more retardation layers, it is preferable that light be incident from the side where the retardation layer with the highest refractive index is disposed. . In this case, although the reason is unknown, an improvement in the angle of view is observed when the S-polarization is incident on the functional glass.
- a laminate in which one or more circularly polarized light reflecting layers (cholesteric liquid crystal layers) are sandwiched between two quarter-wave plates is used as the optical functional layer
- the windshield serving as the display medium is made of functional glass and the display light emitted from the image display means is P-polarized light
- the occurrence of double images can be similarly suppressed.
- reflected light from a road surface is S-polarized light
- polarized sunglasses are designed to absorb S-polarized light. Therefore, in the conventional HUD system using S-polarized light, the visibility of the HUD display image through polarized sunglasses is extremely reduced.
- a HUD system using P-polarized light that allows P-polarized light to reach the viewer can suppress the occurrence of double images and improve the visibility of displayed images even when wearing polarized sunglasses.
- the circularly polarized light reflective layer is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer
- the circularly polarized light transmitted through the circularly polarized light reflective layer has a slow axis set in a positional relationship perpendicular to the slow axis of the first quarter-wave plate.
- the second quarter-wave plate converts the light into the original P-polarized light.
- the converted P-polarized light is similarly incident on the glass surface on the outside of the vehicle outside the second quarter-wave plate at around the Brewster angle. Therefore, the reflection of P-polarized light on the glass surface on the outside of the vehicle outside the second quarter-wave plate can be significantly reduced, and as a result, the occurrence of double images is significantly reduced.
- polarization conversion for example, converting P-polarized light to S-polarized light or converting S-polarized light to P-polarized light
- the incident angle of S-polarized light or P-polarized light incident on the functional glass By setting the incident angle of S-polarized light or P-polarized light incident on the functional glass to a range of 45° or more and 65° or less, when P-polarized light is incident on the functional glass, the reflectance on the surface of the functional glass will decrease. can be theoretically suppressed to 2% or less.
- the transmitted P-polarized light is converted into S-polarized light by a half-wave plate, and the converted S-polarized light is reflected at the interface between the incident side and the air of the functional glass on the opposite side.
- the reflected S-polarized light is again converted into P-polarized light by the half-wave plate, and this P-polarized light reaches the viewer.
- the angle ⁇ is less than 35° or larger than 47°, the polarization axis conversion performance of converting P polarized light incident on the functional glass to S polarized light or S polarized light to P polarized light is low, and as a result, double There is a risk that images may be generated.
- the half-wave plate By appropriately controlling this angle ⁇ , the half-wave plate exhibits good polarization axis conversion performance, and as a result, the displayed image becomes more clearly visible.
- the angle ⁇ should be a value calculated from the following formulas (2) and (3). preferable.
- the technical significance of the following formulas (2) and (3) will be explained.
- the incident angle X of S-polarized light or P-polarized light on the functional glass is ⁇
- the incident angle X at which it actually enters the 1/2 wavelength plate that is, the refraction angle of the 1/2 wavelength plate
- B the refractive index of air
- n A is the refractive index of the 1/2 wavelength plate
- the phase difference when the polarization axis of the S-polarized light incident on the functional glass is the x-axis
- the polarization axis of the P-polarized light is the y-axis
- the angle between the y-axis and the slow axis of the half-wave plate is ⁇ .
- the y-axis is represented by Re ⁇ cos ⁇
- the x-axis is represented by Re ⁇ sin ⁇ by vectorial analysis.
- the polarization axis conversion performance of a 1/2 wavelength plate is maximum when light is incident at an angle of 45° to the slow axis of the 1/2 wavelength plate, so theoretically
- the angle ⁇ between the polarization axis of the S-polarized light or the polarization axis of the P-polarized light and the slow axis of the optical functional layer is preferably 45°.
- the angle of incidence on the two polarizing plates is B.
- the angle between the slow axis of the half-wave plate and the polarization axis of S-polarized light or the polarization axis of P-polarized light is preferably 45°.
- the range of the angle ⁇ is preferably controlled within a range of ⁇ 5° of the value of the angle ⁇ , and more preferably within a range of ⁇ 3°. If the angle ⁇ is outside the range of ⁇ 5° of the angle that satisfies the values calculated from equations (2) and (3) above, the polarization conversion efficiency exhibited by the half-wave plate may become low. By controlling the range of the angle ⁇ based on the values calculated from the above equations (2) and (3), it is possible to suppress a decrease in polarization conversion efficiency due to the half-wave plate.
- the refractive index of the half-wave plate substituted into equation (3) is the refractive index in the slow axis direction of the half-wave plate, nx, and the slow axis where nx is obtained within the plane of the half-wave plate.
- the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the direction is ny
- the refractive index in the thickness direction of the half-wave plate is nz
- the averaged value of the sum of these is used as the average refractive index.
- the average refractive index can be a value listed in a catalog or the like.
- ⁇ calculated from equations (2) and (3), for example, if the refractive index of air is 1.00, and a 1/2 wavelength plate with a refractive index of 1.55 is used, S polarized light or P
- the incident angle is 39° or more and 45° or less.
- the angle is more preferably 38° or more and 44° or less.
- the incident angle is not less than 45°, and more preferably not less than 37° and not more than 43°.
- the incident angle or less and more preferably 36° or more and 42° or less.
- the functional glass described above may further include an interlayer film. That is, an optical laminate (an optical laminate for HUD) in which an intermediate film is further laminated on an optical functional layer can be used.
- the intermediate film is preferably a thermoplastic resin film, more preferably a polyvinyl butyral film.
- the number of intermediate films may be one or more, but an optical laminate having a structure in which an optical functional layer is sandwiched between two intermediate films is preferable.
- the optical laminate may use two different optical functional layers. In this case, it is preferable that the difference in slow axis angles in the same plane be the same for the two optically functional layers.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of an optical laminate (an optical laminate for HUD) included in the functional glass of the HUD system of the present invention. It has a structure in which it is sandwiched between intermediate films 201.
- the optical functional layer 10 corresponds to the optical functional layer shown in FIG. 3, for example.
- Such an optical laminate 20 is produced by laminating the intermediate film 201 and the optical functional layer 10.
- thermoplastic resin a thermoplastic resin
- a commonly used vehicle-mounted intermediate film can be used.
- interlayer films for vehicles include polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), polyvinyl alcohol resin (PVA), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA), and cycloolefin polymer (COP).
- PVB polyvinyl butyral resin
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol resin
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- the thickness of the interlayer film is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the reflection of display light when applying the optical laminate to a HUD system, and can be designed as appropriate depending on the application. Can be done.
- the intermediate film may be appropriately mixed with ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, antistatic agents, heat stabilizers, colorants, adhesive adjusters, etc., and in particular, an intermediate film in which infrared absorbing particles are dispersed is important in producing a high-performance heat-shielding laminated glass.
- fine particles of conductive materials such as metals such as Sn, Ti, Zn, Fe, Al, Co, Ce, Cs, In, Ni, Ag, Cu, Pt, Mn, Ta, W, V, and Mo, oxides of the metals, nitrides of the metals, or composites containing at least two or more of these are used. These materials may also be doped with Sn, Sb, F, etc.
- tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide which are transparent in the visible light range, are preferred when used as architectural or automotive windows that require transparency.
- the particle size of the infrared absorbing particles dispersed in the intermediate film is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the microparticles is 0.2 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to absorb infrared rays while suppressing light scattering in the visible light range, not generate haze, ensure radio wave transmission and transparency, maintain physical properties such as adhesion, transparency, and durability equivalent to those of an interlayer film that does not contain the additive, and furthermore, laminated glass processing can be performed by operations on a normal laminated glass manufacturing line.
- PVB is used for the interlayer film
- the lamination processing is performed in a room with constant temperature and humidity in order to keep the moisture content of the interlayer film at an optimum level.
- the interlayer film may be partially colored, sandwiched with a layer having sound insulation properties, or have a gradient in thickness (wedge shape) to reduce the occurrence of double images (ghost phenomenon) in HUDs.
- the method of laminating the intermediate film and the optical functional layer there is no particular restriction on the method of laminating the intermediate film and the optical functional layer, but for example, a method of laminating the intermediate film and the optical functional layer by simultaneously pressing the intermediate film and the optical functional layer using nip rolls may be mentioned. If the nip rolls can be heated during lamination, it is also possible to press while heating. In addition, if the adhesion between the intermediate film and the optical functional layer is poor, the layers may be laminated after surface treatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment is performed in advance.
- the intermediate film may be directly laminated on one or both sides of the optical functional layer while being dissolved in a solvent.
- the lower limit of the degree of butyralization is preferably 40 mol%, more preferably 55 mol%, and particularly preferably 60 mol%.
- the upper limit of the degree of butyralization is preferably 85 mol%, more preferably 80 mol%, and particularly preferably 75 mol%.
- the degree of butyralization can be measured by infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), for example, by using FT-IR.
- the lower limit of the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl butyral resin is preferably 15 mol%, and the upper limit is preferably 35 mol%. If the amount of hydroxyl groups is less than 15 mol%, when laminated glass is produced by bonding the interlayer film and the glass plate described below, the adhesion between the interlayer film and the glass plate may decrease, and the penetration resistance of the laminated glass may decrease. Sexuality may decrease. On the other hand, if the amount of hydroxyl groups exceeds 35 mol%, the intermediate film may become hard.
- Polyvinyl butyral resin can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with aldehyde.
- Polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol with a saponification degree of 80 mol% or more and 99.8 mol% or less is generally used.
- the upper limit of the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 4,000, more preferably 3,000, and particularly preferably 2,500. When the degree of polymerization exceeds 4000, it may become difficult to form an intermediate film.
- the above-mentioned functional glass includes a glass plate. That is, the functional glass used in the HUD of the present invention (functional glass for HUD) includes the above-described optical functional layer or optical laminate and a glass plate.
- the number of glass plates may be one or more, but a functional glass having a structure in which the above-mentioned optical functional layer or optical laminate is sandwiched between two glass plates is preferable.
- Such functional glass is suitably used as a display medium in a HUD system.
- FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of functional glass used in the HUD system of the present invention.
- the functional glass 30 shown in FIG. 5 has a structure in which the optical laminate 20 is sandwiched between two glass plates 301.
- the optical laminate 20 corresponds to, for example, the optical laminate shown in FIG. 4, in which the optical functional layer 10 is sandwiched between two intermediate films 201.
- the intermediate film 201 is an adhesive for maintaining the adhesion between the two glass plates 301 and the optical laminate 20. It also functions as an adhesive.
- Functional glass is produced, for example, by laminating the above-mentioned optical functional layer or optical laminate onto a glass plate.
- An example of a method for bonding an optical functional layer or an optical laminate to a glass plate is to apply an adhesive or an adhesive to one or both sides of the optical functional layer or optical laminate, and then bond the glass plate. be able to.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive There are no particular restrictions on the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive, but if the adhesive is to be peeled off later, a material with excellent reworkability and good adhesiveness, such as a silicone adhesive or an acrylic adhesive, is preferable.
- the glass plate is not particularly limited as long as it is transparent enough to allow the front scenery to be seen, even if the functional glass used in the HUD system of the present invention is used as a windshield.
- the refractive index of the glass plate is preferably 1.2 or more and 2.0 or less, more preferably 1.4 or more and 1.8 or less, and particularly preferably around 1.5.
- the thickness, shape, etc. of the glass plate are not particularly limited as long as they do not affect the reflection of display light, and can be appropriately designed depending on the purpose.
- these glass plates may be provided with a reflection increasing film made of a multilayer film and a metal thin film layer that also serves as a heat shield on the reflective surface. These films can improve the reflectance of incident polarized light, but for example, when using this functional glass as an automobile windshield, the visible light transmittance of the functional glass should be 70% or more. It is preferable to adjust the reflectance to
- An example of a method for producing functional glass using an optical functional layer or an optical laminate will be specifically described.
- the glass may be transparent or colored green, and is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of these glass plates is usually about 2 mm, but in response to recent demands for lighter glass, glass plates with a slightly thinner thickness can also be used. Cut the glass plate into a predetermined shape, chamfer the glass edges, and clean. When a black frame or dot-like print is required, it is printed on a glass plate.
- the glass plates are heated to 650°C or higher, and then shaped by pressing with a mold or bending by their own weight so that the two sheets have the same surface shape. Cool the glass plate. At this time, if the cooling rate is increased too much, stress distribution will occur in the glass plate, resulting in a strengthened glass, so slow cooling is performed.
- One of the glass plates thus produced is placed horizontally, an optical functional layer or an optical laminate is placed thereon, and then the other glass plate is placed. Next, the optical functional layer and interlayer film protruding from the edge of the glass plate are cut and removed using a cutter. Thereafter, preliminary adhesion is performed by heating to a temperature of 80° C. to 100° C.
- the bag method in which the glass plate/optical functional layer or the optical laminate/glass plate laminate is wrapped in a rubber bag made of heat-resistant rubber
- the other is the bag method, in which only the edges of the glass plate are wrapped in rubber bags.
- the sample is then heated to 120° C. to 150° C. and subjected to heat and pressure treatment under these conditions for 20 to 40 minutes. After the treatment, the pressure is removed after cooling to 50° C. or lower, and the functional glass of the present invention having a laminated structure of glass plate/optical functional layer or optical laminate/glass plate is taken out from the autoclave.
- the functional glass thus obtained can be used as windshields, side glasses, rear glasses, and roof glasses of various automobiles such as ordinary cars, small cars, light cars, large special cars, and small special cars. Furthermore, it can be used as a window for railway vehicles, ships, and aircraft, and as a window material for building materials and industrial use. As for the usage mode, it can be used by laminating or bonding with a member having UV cut or light control function.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [13].
- [1] comprising an image display means that emits display light indicating a display image, and a functional glass on which an image projected from the image display means is projected;
- the functional glass includes an optical functional layer exhibiting reverse wavelength dispersion, The angle ⁇ at which the functional glass is arranged is 20° or more and 70° or less, and A head-up display system in which a reflected image is visible within a viewing angle range of Brewster's angle ⁇ - (90° - angle ⁇ ) ⁇ 15° with respect to the functional glass.
- the angle ⁇ at which the functional glass is arranged is 25° or more and 70° or less
- the optical functional layer includes at least one retardation layer.
- the optical functional layer includes two retardation layers, and the optical functional layer as a whole exhibits reverse wavelength dispersion.
- the head-up display system according to [3] or [4] above, wherein the retardation layer has a retardation value of 200 nm or more and 350 nm or less.
- the optical functional layer includes two retardation layers, (i) The slow axis angle of one retardation layer is +15° or more and +35°, and the slow axis angle of the other retardation layer is -80° or more and -60° or less, or ( ii) The above [3] wherein one retardation layer has a slow axis angle of -35° or more and -15° or less, and the other retardation layer has a slow axis angle of +60° or more and +80° or less.
- the head-up display system according to any one of [5].
- the optical functional layer includes two retardation layers, and of the two retardation layers, one of the retardation layers having a larger absolute value of the slow axis angle has a retardation value that is equal to the absolute value of the slow axis angle.
- the head-up display system according to any one of [3] to [6] above, wherein the retardation value is larger than the retardation value of the other retardation layer.
- the optical functional layer includes two retardation layers, and each retardation layer is a half-wave plate.
- the optical functional layer includes two retardation layers, and the display light emitted from the image display means is incident on the retardation layer side having a larger retardation value among the two retardation layers [3]. ] to [8].
- the head-up display system according to any one of [8].
- the functional glass further includes an interlayer film.
- the functional glass includes a glass plate.
- the display light emitted from the image display means is S-polarized light or P-polarized light.
- part means parts by mass. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the spirit thereof. Further, unless otherwise specified, room temperature is assumed to be within the range of 20°C ⁇ 5°C.
- Example 1 ⁇ Adjustment of coating liquid (liquid crystal composition)> Coating liquid A having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.
- Coating liquid A was applied at room temperature onto the rubbed surface of the TAC film using a wire bar so that the thickness of the half-wave plate obtained after drying was about 2 ⁇ m.
- the obtained coating film was heated at 50° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent and turn it into a liquid crystal phase.
- the liquid crystal phase was irradiated with UV light for 5 to 10 seconds using a high-pressure mercury lamp (manufactured by Harrison Toshiba Lighting Co., Ltd.) at an output of 120 W to fix the liquid crystal phase, and a polymerizable liquid crystal layer was laminated on the TAC film. /2 wavelength plate was produced.
- the retardation value at 546 nm was 293 nm (slow axis angle -70°) R1, 230 nm.
- Two types of half-wave plates of R2 (slow axis angle 26°) were obtained.
- (iii) Polymerize each of the half-wave plate R1 and half-wave plate R2 produced in (i) to (ii) above using an acrylic adhesive (“SK Dyne 906” manufactured by Soken Kagaku Co., Ltd.).
- the half-wavelength plates were laminated with their longitudinal directions aligned with each other to produce an optical functional layer.
- the average transmittance in the visible light wavelength region in the front direction (incident angle of 56°) of each half-wave plate obtained was approximately 79%, and the polarization conversion rate was 96.8% at a wavelength of 450 nm and 99% at a wavelength of 580 nm. , 92.5% at 710 nm.
- the polarization conversion rate was determined using Shimadzu's "Ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectrophotometer UV-3600", with polarizing plates arranged in parallel and an optical laminate set between them so that the incident angle was 56°. The transmittance was measured, and the value was obtained by subtracting the transmittance at each wavelength from 100.
- a transparent polyvinyl butyral interlayer film (thickness: 0.38 mm) containing triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate as a plasticizer was prepared.
- the produced interlayer film is cut out to the same size as the optical functional layer in which the 1/2 wavelength plate R1 and the 1/2 wavelength plate R2 are laminated, the optical functional layer is placed between the two polyvinyl butyral interlayer films, and then An optical laminate was produced by pressure bonding using a laminator.
- the optical laminate was placed between two glass plates having the same size and 2 mm thickness as the produced optical laminate, and then was pressurized and heated to obtain a functional glass. Specifically, first, the above optical laminate and the transparent glass plate were stacked in this order on a transparent glass plate. This was wrapped in a rubber bag, degassed for 10 minutes in an autoclave heated to 90°C, and preliminarily bonded. After cooling it to room temperature, it was taken out from the rubber bag and heated and pressurized again in an autoclave at 135°C under a high pressure of 12 kg/cm 2 for 30 minutes to obtain a functional glass with a good-looking optical laminate inserted. Created.
- the average transmittance of the obtained functional glass in the visible light wavelength range in the front direction is approximately 72%, and the polarization conversion rate is 96.8% at a wavelength of 450 nm, 99% at 580 nm, and 710 nm. It was 92.5%.
- the polarization conversion rate was measured using Shimadzu's "Ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectrophotometer UV-3600", with polarizing plates arranged in parallel and functional glass set between them so that the incident angle was 56°. The transmittance was measured, and the transmittance at each wavelength was subtracted from 100.
- a head-up display was fabricated with the arrangement shown in Figure 1.
- the image display means 2 and the reflecting mirror 3 a liquid crystal display panel that can emit S-polarized light to the functional glass 4 was installed, and the functional glass produced above was used as the functional glass 4.
- the functional glass 4 In a dark room, the functional glass 4 is placed so that the angle ⁇ at which it is arranged is 34°, and the S-polarized light emitted from the image display means 2 is set so that the incident angle X of the S-polarized light is 34°.
- the reflected images were viewed at viewing angles of ° ⁇ 10°, ie, 0°, 10°, and -10°.
- the visual angle is positive, it is a depression angle, and if it is negative, it is an elevation angle.
- a glass plate on the half-wave plate R1 side having a retardation value of 293 nm was installed on the image display means 2 side and an image was projected, the displayed image was projected brightly and clearly.
- the visual field from the viewpoint for observing the displayed image was shifted in the vertical direction (vertical direction) and the horizontal direction (horizontal direction), and the range in which the displayed image was clearly projected was recorded as the angle of view. If the occurrence of double images is suppressed within the range of 10° vertical angle of view and 30° horizontal angle of view, the range in which double images can be suppressed is very wide and excellent. If the vertical angle of view is 6° and the horizontal angle of view is 30°, the double image can be suppressed. If the double image cannot be suppressed within the above angle of view and the effect of suppressing the double image is insufficient, it is evaluated as "x". . The results are shown in Table 2.
- An optical functional layer, an optical laminate, and a functional glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the angles were -9° and 6°. Display images were similarly evaluated using the obtained functional glass. The results are shown in Table 2.
- An optical functional layer, an optical laminate, and a functional glass were produced in the same manner as above. Display images were similarly evaluated using the obtained functional glass. The results are shown in Table 2.
- An optical functional layer, an optical laminate, and a functional glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Display images were similarly evaluated using the obtained functional glass. The results are shown in Table 2.
- An optical functional layer, an optical laminate, and a functional glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the angles were -14° and 1°. Display images were similarly evaluated using the obtained functional glass. The results are shown in Table 2.
- An optical functional layer, an optical laminate, and a functional glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the following. Display images were similarly evaluated using the obtained functional glass. The results are shown in Table 2.
- An optical functional layer, an optical laminate, and a functional glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the following. Display images were similarly evaluated using the obtained functional glass. The results are shown in Table 2.
- An optical functional layer, an optical laminate, and a functional glass were produced in the same manner as above. Display images were similarly evaluated using the obtained functional glass. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 10 to [Example 15]
- Example 2 to [Comparative Example 6]
- the optical function was the same as in Example 1, except that the optical functional layer was prepared by a combination of two types of half-wave plate R1 and half-wave plate R2 having the slow axis angle and retardation value shown in Table 2.
- a layer, an optical laminate, and a functional glass were produced. Using the obtained functional glass, the polarization conversion rate and displayed image were similarly measured and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the head-up display system according to the present invention can effectively suppress the occurrence of double images, double images can be prevented even in various vehicle types by applying the optimal viewing angle to each of the various windshield angles. This can be effectively suppressed, and as a result, viewers can use the head-up display system without stress over a wide viewing angle range.
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Abstract
Description
前記機能性ガラスが、逆波長分散性を示す光学機能層を含み、
前記機能性ガラスが配置される角度αが20°以上70°以下であり、且つ、
前記機能性ガラスに対して、ブリュースター角β-(90°-角度α)±15°の視角の範囲内で反射像が視認される。
本発明に係るヘッドアップディスプレイは、表示画像を示す表示光を出射する画像表示手段と、画像表示手段から投射された画像が投影される機能性ガラスとを備える。また、機能性ガラスは、逆波長分散性を示す光学機能層を含み、機能性ガラスが配置される角度αは20°以上70°以下であり、さらに、機能性ガラスに対して、ブリュースター角β-(90°-角度α)±15°の視角の範囲内で反射像が視認される。このように、逆波長分散性を示す光学機能層を含む機能性ガラスを用いると共に、特定の視角で反射像が視認されるように機能性ガラスが配置されることにより、二重像の発生を有効に抑制することができる。特に、本発明に係るヘッドアップディスプレイにおいて、機能性ガラスを車両のフロントガラスとして適用した場合、様々なフロントガラスの角度において、それぞれ最適な視角が適用され、多様な車種においても二重像の発生を効果的に抑制することができ、広い画角範囲において視認者がストレス無くヘッドアップディスプレイシステムを利用することができる。
画像表示手段から出射される表示光は、S偏光又はP偏光であることが好ましい。このような画像表示手段は、最終的に機能性ガラスに到達するまでに、所望とするP偏光又はS偏光を出射することができれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、液晶表示装置(LCD)、有機ELディスプレイ(OLED)等が挙げられる。画像表示手段が液晶表示装置である場合、出射光は通常直線偏光となっているため、そのまま用いることができる。一方、画像表示手段が有機ELディスプレイである場合、例えば、図2に示されるように、画像表示手段2は、光源2AとP偏光又はS偏光を出射可能な偏光板2Bとから構成されていてもよい。また、HUDシステムを自動車に使用する場合、液晶表示装置、有機ELディスプレイは、例えばダッシュボードのような光出射口に偏光板、1/2波長板等の光学部材を配置して、画像表示手段からP偏光又はS偏光が出射できるように調整することも可能である。また、画像表示手段に使用される光源も特に限定されるものではなく、レーザー光源、LED光源等を使用することができる。また、光学機能層を構成する位相差素子の中心反射波長を、上記の光源の発光スペクトルに対応するように設定することで、より効果的に表示画像を鮮明することができる。
本発明のHUDシステムは、必要に応じて反射鏡を備えていてもよい。反射鏡は、画像表示手段からの表示光を機能性ガラスに向けて反射することができれば、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、平面鏡、凹面鏡などから構成される。反射鏡として凹面鏡を用いた場合、凹面鏡は、表示器からの表示光を所定の拡大率で拡大することも可能である。
本発明のHUDシステムにおいて、機能性ガラスに含まれる光学機能層は、少なくとも1つの位相差層を含んでいることが好ましく、2つの位相差層を含んでいることが好ましい。図3には、本発明のHUDシステムの機能性ガラスに含まれる光学機能層(HUD用光学機能層)の一実施形態が示されており、光学機能層10には、2つの位相差層101と、位相差層101のそれぞれを接着させる接着層102とが積層されている。図3では、接着層102が2つの位相差層101にそれぞれ隣接して設けられている、すなわち、接着層102の両方の面に2つの位相差層101がそれぞれ積層されている。接着層102と位相差層101とが積層される場合、位相差層101は、後述する支持基板が光学機能層10の外側、すなわち、接着層102と接触しない側に設けられていることが好ましい。
光学機能層に含まれる位相差層とは、入射光の偏光軸を変換する機能を有する層であり、例えば、(A-1)1/2波長板、(A-2)1/4波長板、(A-3)1/2波長板と円偏光反射層との積層体、(A-4)1/4波長板と円偏光反射層との積層体、(A-5)その他任意の位相差を有する層が挙げられる。位相差層は、上記(A-1)~(A-5)のうちの少なくとも1つの態様を含んでおり、光学機能層が2つの位相差層を含む場合、各位相差層は、上記(A-1)~(A-5)のいずれかの態様、又はいずれかを組み合わせた態様を使用することができ、各態様はそれぞれ異なっていても同一でもよい。光学機能層が複数の位相差層を含む場合、位相差層は、いずれも(A-1)1/2波長板であることが好ましく、光学機能層が2つの位相差層を含み、各位相差層がいずれも1/2波長板であることがより好ましい。また、2以上の位相差層が全体で1/2波長板として機能していてもよく、例えば、(A-1)から(A-5)を組み合わせて、全体として1/2波長板として機能する光学機能層が使用されていてもよい。
位相差層として1/2波長板を使用する場合、1/2波長板は、P偏光をS偏光に、又はS偏光をP偏光に変換する、すなわち偏光軸を変換する機能を持つ位相差素子であり、例えば、ポリカーボネート又はシクロオレフィンポリマーからなる位相差フィルムを位相差が波長の1/2となるように一軸延伸したり、水平配向する重合性液晶を位相差が波長の1/2となるような厚さで配向させたりすることによって得ることができる。一般に、水平配向する重合性液晶を使用した1/2波長板は、偏光軸を変換させる作用を有する層としての重合性液晶層と、当該重合性液晶層を形成する塗布液が塗布される支持基板とから構成されている。重合性液晶層を他の基材(例えば中間膜やガラス板)へ転写して使用することもできるが、1/2波長板が2以上の位相差層を含む場合、各位相差層に対して1つの支持基板を有することが好ましい。このような1/2波長板の厚みの上限値は、液晶の配向性の観点から10μm以下が好ましく、5μm以下がより好ましい。一方、1/2波長板の厚みの下限値は、液晶の重合性の観点から0.3μm以上が好ましく、0.5μm以上がより好ましい。入射光が1/2波長板の主表面に対して斜めの位置から入射する場合、光の入射角によって位相差が変化する場合がある。このような場合、より厳密に位相差を適合させるため、例えば、位相差素子の屈折率を調整した位相差素子を用いることにより、入射角に伴う位相差の変化を抑制することができる。例えば、位相差素子の面内での遅相軸方向の屈折率をnx、位相差素子の面内でnxと直交する方向の屈折率をny、位相差素子の厚さ方向の屈折率をnzとするとき、下記式(1)で示される係数Nzが、好ましくは0.3以上1.0以下、より好ましくは0.5以上0.8以下となるように制御する。
位相差層として1/4波長板を使用することもできる。1/4波長板は、円偏光を直線偏光に変換する機能を持つ位相差素子であり、例えば、ポリカーボネート又はシクロオレフィンポリマーからなる位相差フィルムを位相差が波長の1/4となるように一軸延伸したり、或いは水平配向する重合性液晶を位相差が波長の1/4となるような厚さで配向させたりすることによって得ることができる。また、1/4波長板においても、1/2波長板と同様に重合性液晶層を含むことが好ましい。このような場合、1/4波長板は、偏光軸を変換させる作用を有する層としての重合性液晶層と、当該重合性液晶層を形成する塗布液が塗布される支持基板とから構成されている。重合性液晶層及び支持基板は、上述の1/2波長板で使用されるネマチック液晶モノマー、支持基板と同様の材料を用いることができる。
接着層を介して位相差層同士を貼付ける場合、接着層として使用される接着剤としては、アクリル系又はゴム系の粘着剤が挙げられるが、接着性、保持力等を調整しやすいアクリル系粘着剤が好ましい。接着剤としては、紫外線硬化型樹脂組成物、熱硬化型樹脂組成物、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。紫外線硬化型樹脂組成物の場合は、アクリロイル基或いはエポキシ基を有するモノマーを複数混合した当該組成物を、光重合開始剤の存在下で紫外線を照射し硬化させることで光学機能層間を接着させることができる。熱硬化型樹脂組成物の場合は、エポキシ基を有するモノマーを複数混合した当該組成物を、酸触媒の存在下で加熱し硬化させることで光学機能層間を接着することができる。また、アミノ基、カルボキシル基、水酸基を有する複数のモノマー又はポリマーからなる組成物をイソシアネート基又はメラミンを有する化合物の存在下で加熱し硬化させることで光学機能層間を接着することができる。
上述した機能性ガラスは、さらに中間膜を含んでいてもよい。すなわち、光学機能層にさらに中間膜が積層された光学積層体(HUD用光学積層体)を用いることができる。中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂の樹脂フィルムであることが好ましく、ポリビニルブチラールのフィルムであることがより好ましい。中間膜は1枚であっても、複数枚であってもよいが、2つの中間膜によって光学機能層が挟持された構造を有する光学積層体が好ましい。また、光学積層体は2つの異なる光学機能層を用いてもよい。この場合、2つの光学機能層について、同一面内における各遅相軸角の差は同じであることが好ましい。
上述した機能性ガラスは、ガラス板を含んでいる。すなわち、本発明のHUDで用いられる機能性ガラス(HUD用機能性ガラス)には、上述した光学機能層又は光学積層体と、ガラス板とが積層されている。ガラス板は1枚であっても、複数枚であってもよいが、2枚のガラス板によって上述した光学機能層又は光学積層体が挟持された構造を有する機能性ガラスが好ましい。このような機能性ガラスはHUDシステムにおける表示媒体として好適に用いられる。
[1]
表示画像を示す表示光を出射する画像表示手段と、前記画像表示手段から投射された画像が投影される機能性ガラスとを備え、
前記機能性ガラスが、逆波長分散性を示す光学機能層を含み、
前記機能性ガラスが配置される角度αが20°以上70°以下であり、且つ、
前記機能性ガラスに対して、ブリュースター角β-(90°-角度α)±15°の視角の範囲内で反射像が視認されるヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[2]
前記機能性ガラスが配置される角度αが25°以上70°以下であり、
前記機能性ガラスに対して、ブリュースター角β-(90°-角度α)±10°の視角の範囲内で反射像が視認される上記[1]に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[3]
前記光学機能層は、少なくとも1つの位相差層を含む上記[1]又は[2]に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[4]
前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、且つ、光学機能層全体として逆波長分散性を示す上記[3]に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[5]
前記位相差層が200nm以上350nm以下の位相差値を有する上記[3]又は[4]に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[6]
前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、
(i)一方の位相差層が有する遅相軸角度が+15°以上+35°であり、且つ他方の位相差層が有する遅相軸角度が-80°以上-60°以下であるか、又は
(ii)一方の位相差層が有する遅相軸角度が-35°以上-15°以下であり、且つ他方の位相差層が有する遅相軸角度が+60°以上+80°以下である上記[3]乃至[5]のいずれか1つに記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[7]
前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、2つの位相差層のうち、遅相軸角度の絶対値が大きい一方の位相差層が有する位相差値が、遅相軸角度の絶対値が小さい他方の位相差層が有する位相差値よりも大きい上記[3]乃至[6]のいずれか1つに記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[8]
前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、各位相差層がいずれも1/2波長板である上記[3]乃至[7]のいずれか1つに記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[9]
前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、前記画像表示手段から出射された表示光が、2つの位相差層のうち、位相差値の大きい位相差層側から入射される上記[3]乃至[8]のいずれか1つに記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[10]
前記機能性ガラスは、さらに中間膜を含む上記[1]乃至[9]のいずれか1つに記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[11]
前記機能性ガラスは、ガラス板を含む上記[1]乃至[10]のいずれか1つに記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[12]
前記画像表示手段から出射される表示光が、S偏光又はP偏光である上記[1]乃至[11]のいずれか1つに記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
[13]
上記[1]乃至[12]のいずれか1つに記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステムに設けられるヘッドアップディスプレイシステム用光学機能層。
<塗布液(液晶組成物)の調整>
表1に示す組成を有する塗布液Aを調整した。
調製した塗布液Aを用い、下記の手順にて2つの1/2波長板を作製した。支持基板としては、特開2002-90743号公報の実施例1に記載された方法でラビング処理されたTACフィルム(TacBright社製「P960」:厚さ60μm)を使用した。尚、ラビング角度はフィルムの長手方向と1/2波長板の遅相軸とのなす角度(以下、「遅相軸角度」ともいう)が-70°及び26°となるようにそれぞれ設定した。
(ii)得られた塗布膜を、50℃にて2分間加熱して溶剤を除去するとともに、液晶相とした。次いで、液晶相に対して高圧水銀ランプ(ハリソン東芝ライティング社製)を120Wの出力で5~10秒間UV照射し、液晶相を固定して、TACフィルム上に重合性液晶層を積層し、1/2波長板を作製した。1/2波長板の位相差値を自動複屈折計(王子計測社製「KOBRA-21ADH」)で測定した結果、546nmにおける位相差値が293nm(遅相軸角度-70°)のR1、230nm(遅相軸角度26°)のR2の2種の1/2波長板を得た。
(iii)上記(i)~(ii)において作製した1/2波長板R1と1/2波長板R2のそれぞれについて、アクリル系粘着剤(綜研化学社製「SKダイン906」)を用いて重合性液晶層側同士を各1/2波長板の長手方向を合わせて積層し、光学機能層を作製した。
可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートを含有した透明なポリビニルブチラール中間膜(厚さ:0.38mm)を作製した。作製した中間膜を、1/2波長板R1と1/2波長板R2とが積層された光学機能層と同じサイズに切り出し、光学機能層を2つのポリビニルブチラール中間膜の間に配置し、次いで、ラミネーターにて加圧圧着することにより、光学積層体を作製した。
作製した光学積層体と同じサイズで厚さが2mmのガラス板2枚の間に、光学積層体を配置し、次いで、加圧・加熱することにより、機能性ガラスを得た。具体的には、まず、透明なガラス板上に、上記光学積層体、透明なガラス板の順で重ねた。これをゴムバッグで包み、90℃に加熱したオートクレーブ中で10分間脱気し、予備接着した。これを室温まで冷却後、ゴムバッグから取り出し、再度、オートクレーブ中で135℃、12kg/cm2の高圧下で30分間加熱・加圧し、外観が良好な光学積層体が挿入された機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスの正面方向(入射角56°)における可視光波長領域の平均透過率は約72%であり、偏光変換率は波長450nmで96.8%、580nmで99%、710nmで92.5%であった。偏光変換率は、島津製作所製「紫外・可視・近赤外分光光度計UV-3600」を用いて、偏光板をパラレルに配置し、その間に機能性ガラスを入射角56°となるようにセットし透過率を測定し、各波長における透過率を100から引いた値とした。
図1に示すような配置でヘッドアップディスプレイを作製した。画像表示手段2、反射鏡3としては、機能性ガラス4に対してS偏光を出射可能にする液晶表示パネルを設置し、機能性ガラス4として上記で作製した機能性ガラスを用いた。暗室内にて、機能性ガラス4が配置される角度αが34°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、画像表示手段2から出射されるS偏光が、S偏光の入射角Xが機能性ガラス4に対しブリュースター角β(約56°)で入射するように調整し、機能性ガラス4に対して、ブリュースター角β(56°)-(90°-34°)±10°=0°±10°、すなわち、0°、10°、-10°の視角でそれぞれ反射像を視認した。ここで、視角が正の場合は俯角、負の場合は仰角となる。位相差値が293nmである1/2波長板R1側のガラス板を画像表示手段2側に設置し、画像を投影したところ、表示画像が明るく鮮明に投影された。この時、表示画像を観測する視点からの視覚を上下方向(縦方向)及び左右方向(横方向)にずらし、表示画像が鮮明に投影される範囲を画角として記録した。上下方向の画角が10°、左右方向の画角が30°の範囲内で二重像の発生が抑制されていれば、二重像の発生を抑制できる範囲が非常に広く、優れているとして「〇」と評価し、上下方向の画角が6°、左右方向の画角が30°の範囲内で二重像の発生が抑制されていれば、二重像の発生を抑制できる範囲が広く、良好であるとして「△」と評価し、上記画角の範囲内で二重像の発生が抑制できず、二重像の抑制効果が不十分であれば、「×」と評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが29°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-29°)±10°=-5°±10°、すなわち、-5°、5°、-15°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが39°となるように機能性ガラス設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-39°)±10°=5°±10°、すなわち、5°、15°、-5°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが25°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-25°)=-9°、-9°+15°、すなわち、-9°、6°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが70°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-70°)=36°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが34°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-34°)±15°=15°、-15°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが20°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-20°)=-14°、-14°+15°、すなわち、-14°、1°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが44°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-44°)=10°-10°、すなわち、0°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが50°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-50°)=16°-15°、すなわち、1°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
角度αが75°となるように機能性ガラスを設置し、反射像を視認、撮影する視角が(56°)-(90°-75°)=41°となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて表示画像を同様に評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
光学機能層を表2に示す遅相軸角度及び位相差値を有する2種の1/2波長板R1と1/2波長板R2の組合せで作製した以外は、実施例1と同様に光学機能層、光学積層体及び機能性ガラスを作製した。得られた機能性ガラスを用いて、偏光変換率及び表示画像を同様に測定、評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
2 画像表示手段
2A 光源
2B 偏光板
3 反射鏡
4 機能性ガラス
5 光路
6 表示画像
10 光学機能層
101 位相差層
102 接着層
20 光学積層体
201 中間膜
30 機能性ガラス
301 ガラス板
Claims (13)
- 表示画像を示す表示光を出射する画像表示手段と、前記画像表示手段から投射された画像が投影される機能性ガラスとを備え、
前記機能性ガラスが、逆波長分散性を示す光学機能層を含み、
前記機能性ガラスが配置される角度αが20°以上70°以下であり、且つ、
前記機能性ガラスに対して、ブリュースター角β-(90°-角度α)±15°の視角の範囲内で反射像が視認されることを特徴とするヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。 - 前記機能性ガラスが配置される角度αが25°以上70°以下であり、
前記機能性ガラスに対して、ブリュースター角β-(90°-角度α)±10°の視角の範囲内で反射像が視認される請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。 - 前記光学機能層は、少なくとも1つの位相差層を含む請求項1又は2に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、且つ、光学機能層全体として逆波長分散性を示す請求項3に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 前記位相差層が200nm以上350nm以下の位相差値を有する請求項3に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、
(i)一方の位相差層が有する遅相軸角度が+15°以上+35°であり、且つ他方の位相差層が有する遅相軸角度が-80°以上-60°以下であるか、又は
(ii)一方の位相差層が有する遅相軸角度が-35°以上-15°以下であり、且つ他方の位相差層が有する遅相軸角度が+60°以上+80°以下である請求項3に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。 - 前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、2つの位相差層のうち、遅相軸角度の絶対値が大きい一方の位相差層が有する位相差値が、遅相軸角度の絶対値が小さい他方の位相差層が有する位相差値よりも大きい請求項3に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、各位相差層がいずれも1/2波長板である請求項3に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 前記光学機能層は、2つの位相差層を含み、前記画像表示手段から出射された表示光が、2つの位相差層のうち、位相差値の大きい位相差層側から入射される請求項3に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 前記機能性ガラスは、さらに中間膜を含む請求項1又は2に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 前記機能性ガラスは、ガラス板を含む請求項1又は2に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 前記画像表示手段から出射される表示光が、S偏光又はP偏光である請求項1又は2に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステムに設けられるヘッドアップディスプレイシステム用光学機能層。
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| CN118915317A (zh) * | 2024-07-23 | 2024-11-08 | 江苏泽景汽车电子股份有限公司 | 图像获取装置及方法、抬头显示设备和控制及判断方法 |
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| EP4567496A1 (en) | 2025-06-11 |
| CN119856097A (zh) | 2025-04-18 |
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