WO2024043268A1 - ガスタービン及びガスタービン設備 - Google Patents
ガスタービン及びガスタービン設備 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024043268A1 WO2024043268A1 PCT/JP2023/030288 JP2023030288W WO2024043268A1 WO 2024043268 A1 WO2024043268 A1 WO 2024043268A1 JP 2023030288 W JP2023030288 W JP 2023030288W WO 2024043268 A1 WO2024043268 A1 WO 2024043268A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- compressed air
- gas turbine
- supplied
- ammonia
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/346—Feeding into different combustion zones for staged combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/26—Controlling the air flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]
Definitions
- a gas turbine includes a compressor that compresses air, a combustor that burns fuel in the air compressed by the compressor to generate combustion gas, and a turbine that is driven by the combustion gas.
- the fuel supplied to the combustor is generally hydrocarbon fuel, which is a fossil fuel such as natural gas or oil, but ammonia may also be used.
- Patent Document 1 states that while ammonia is supplied as the main fuel, in a combustibility deterioration operation region where the combustibility of ammonia deteriorates, the proportion of fossil fuel in the fuel supplied to the gas turbine is higher than during normal operation. A gas turbine is described that increases the
- ammonia fuel has a low calorific value and a low combustion rate.
- ammonia fuel has poor flammability compared to hydrocarbon fuel. Therefore, in a gas turbine that can simultaneously supply ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel, it is difficult to maintain stable combustion regardless of whether ammonia fuel or hydrocarbon fuel is supplied.
- the present disclosure provides a gas turbine and gas turbine equipment that can suppress the amount of NOx generated while continuing stable combustion for a gas turbine to which both ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are supplied.
- a gas turbine includes a compressor capable of compressing air to generate compressed air, and a fuel to be burned that can be switched between an ammonia fuel and a hydrocarbon fuel, and the gas turbine is supplied from the compressor.
- a combustor that can generate combustion gas by burning at least one of the ammonia fuel and the hydrocarbon fuel in the compressed air; and a turbine that can be driven by the combustion gas supplied from the combustor.
- the combustor includes a cylindrical body through which the combustion gas generated by burning the ammonia fuel or the hydrocarbon fuel flows, the ammonia fuel, the hydrocarbon fuel, and the compressed a fuel nozzle that injects air into the interior of the cylindrical body; and a part of the compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzle is supplied to the cylindrical body on the downstream side of the fuel nozzle in the flow direction of the combustion gas.
- the flow rate adjustment unit increases the flow rate of the compressed air supplied to the cylindrical body from the intermediate supply unit when the ammonia fuel is combusted, and increases the flow rate of the compressed air supplied to the cylindrical body when the hydrocarbon fuel is combusted. Decreasing the flow rate of the compressed air supplied.
- Gas turbine equipment includes the gas turbine, an ammonia fuel supply equipment that can supply the ammonia fuel to the gas turbine, and a hydrocarbon fuel supply equipment that can supply the hydrocarbon fuel to the gas turbine. system fuel supply equipment.
- gas turbine and gas turbine equipment of the present disclosure it is possible to suppress the amount of NOx generated while continuing stable combustion in a gas turbine to which ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are supplied.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of gas turbine equipment in a first embodiment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustor in a first embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustor in a second embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- 4 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of essential parts of the combustor of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a main part of a combustor of a modification of the second embodiment corresponding to FIG. 5;
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of main parts of a combustor of a third embodiment corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of main parts of a combustor of a fourth embodiment corresponding to FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustor in a fifth embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- 9 is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a first main part of the combustor of FIG. 8; 9 is a second enlarged view of essential parts of the combustor of FIG. 8.
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustor in a sixth embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustor in a seventh embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- the gas turbine equipment 1 of this embodiment includes a gas turbine 10, an ammonia fuel supply equipment 20, and a hydrocarbon fuel supply equipment 30.
- the gas turbine 10 is capable of switching the fuel to be combusted between ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel.
- the gas turbine 10 can be driven by combustion gas generated by burning at least one of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel.
- the gas turbine 10 of this embodiment includes a compressor 14, a combustor 15, a turbine 16, an intake duct 12, and an intermediate casing 13.
- the compressor 14 is capable of compressing air to generate compressed air.
- the compressor 14 includes a compressor rotor 14r that rotates around a rotor axis Ar, a compressor casing 14c that covers the compressor rotor 14r, and an IGV (inlet guide vane) provided at the suction port of the compressor casing 14c. ) 14v.
- the IGV 14v adjusts the amount of intake air, which is the flow rate of air sucked into the compressor casing 14c.
- the intake duct 12 is connected to the intake port of the compressor casing 14c.
- the turbine 16 can be driven by high temperature and high pressure combustion gas supplied from the combustor 15.
- the turbine 16 includes a turbine rotor 16r that rotates around a rotor axis Ar by combustion gas from the combustor 15, and a turbine casing 16c that covers the turbine rotor 16r.
- the turbine rotor 16r and the compressor rotor 14r are rotatably connected to each other about the same rotor axis Ar, thereby forming the gas turbine rotor 11.
- a rotor of a generator is connected to this gas turbine rotor 11.
- the intermediate casing 13 is disposed between the compressor casing 14c and the turbine casing 16c in the direction in which the rotor axis Ar extends, and connects the compressor casing 14c and the turbine casing 16c. Compressed air discharged from the compressor 14 flows into the intermediate casing 13 .
- the combustor 15 is capable of generating combustion gas by burning at least one of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel in the compressed air supplied from the compressor 14.
- the hydrocarbon fuel is a fuel containing hydrocarbons, and is, for example, a fossil fuel such as natural gas or oil.
- the combustor 15 can be supplied with ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel.
- the combustor 15 has an operating condition in which only ammonia fuel is combusted and an operation in which only hydrocarbon fuel is combusted by adjusting the supply amounts of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel as fuels according to the operating conditions. It is said that it is possible to operate under certain conditions, and under operating conditions that burn both ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel.
- the amount of ammonia fuel supplied and the amount of hydrocarbon fuel supplied may be the same or different.
- the combustor 15 is fixed to the intermediate casing 13. As shown in FIG. 2, the combustor 15 of this embodiment includes a cylinder body 5, a fuel nozzle 6, an intermediate supply section 7, and a flow rate adjustment section 8.
- the cylindrical body 5 forms a combustion chamber 50 inside.
- the combustion chamber 50 is a space inside the cylinder body 5. That is, combustion gas generated by combustion of at least one of the ammonia fuel and the hydrocarbon fuel flows inside the cylindrical body 5.
- the cylindrical body 5 is arranged within an intermediate casing 13 into which compressed air compressed by a compressor 14 flows. In the combustion chamber 50, at least one of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel is supplied together with compressed air and combusted. Combustion gas generated by combustion of at least one of the ammonia fuel and the hydrocarbon fuel flows through the combustion chamber 50 and is sent to the turbine 16.
- the cylindrical body 5 is formed in a cylindrical shape centered on the central axis of the combustor 15. Note that the cylindrical body 5 is not limited to a structure composed of only one member.
- the cylindrical body 5 may have a structure in which a plurality of members are arranged in the direction in which the central axis extends.
- the fuel nozzle 6 injects ammonia fuel, hydrocarbon fuel, and compressed air into the combustion chamber 50.
- the fuel nozzle 6 is fixed to one end (upstream end, first end) of the cylinder 5 that is located away from the turbine 16 .
- the fuel nozzle 6 injects ammonia fuel, hydrocarbon fuel, and compressed air into the combustion chamber 50 toward the turbine 16 .
- the fuel nozzle 6 generates combustion gas by diffusively burning ammonia fuel and compressed air, hydrocarbon fuel and compressed air, and ammonia fuel, hydrocarbon fuel, and compressed air. There is.
- One fuel nozzle 6 is arranged inside the cylindrical body 5.
- the fuel nozzle 6 includes at least one (two in this embodiment) first injection hole 61 that injects ammonia fuel, and at least one (one in this embodiment) second injection hole 61 that injects hydrocarbon fuel. It has an injection hole 62 and at least one (in this embodiment, two) third injection holes 63 from which compressed air is ejected.
- the first injection hole 61, the second injection hole 62, and the third injection hole 63 are formed apart from each other in the fuel nozzle 6 so as to be independent from each other.
- the first injection hole 61, the second injection hole 62, and the third injection hole 63 of the first embodiment are formed so that each fluid is mixed until the fluid is injected into the combustion chamber 50.
- the first injection hole 61 injects ammonia fuel introduced from the outside of the combustor 15 into the combustion chamber 50.
- the first injection hole 61 is located at the center of the fuel nozzle 6 in the radial direction.
- the second injection hole 62 injects hydrocarbon fuel introduced from the outside of the combustor 15 into the combustion chamber 50 .
- the third injection hole 63 injects compressed air introduced from inside the intermediate casing 13 into the combustion chamber 50 .
- the third injection hole 63 is arranged between the first injection hole 61 and the second injection hole 62 in the radial direction of the fuel nozzle 6 .
- first injection hole 61, the second injection hole 62, and the third injection hole 63 are not limited to a structure in which they are arranged inside one fuel nozzle 6.
- the first injection hole 61, the second injection hole 62, and the third injection hole 63 may be formed in independent nozzles. That is, the fuel nozzle 6 may be composed of a plurality of nozzles. Further, the fuel nozzle 6 may further include other structures such as a swirler.
- the intermediate supply section 7 supplies a portion of the compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzle 6 to the cylinder 5 from a location other than the fuel nozzle 6.
- the intermediate supply section 7 is located within the intermediate casing 13.
- the intermediate supply section 7 is arranged at a position on the downstream side Df2 with respect to the fuel nozzle 6 in the combustion gas circulation direction Df.
- the flow direction Df of combustion gas is from one end of the cylinder 5 where the fuel nozzle 6 is arranged to the other end (downstream end, second end) connected to the turbine 16. This is the direction we are headed. Therefore, the upstream side Df1 in the combustion gas circulation direction Df is the side of the cylinder 5 where the fuel nozzle 6 is arranged with respect to the turbine 16. Further, the downstream side Df2 in the combustion gas circulation direction Df is the side of the cylinder 5 where the turbine 16 is disposed with respect to the fuel nozzle 6. Further, the intermediate supply section 7 of this embodiment has a communication hole 71.
- the communication hole 71 is formed at a position away from the fuel nozzle 6 so as to communicate between the combustion chamber 50, which is the inside of the cylinder 5, and the outside of the cylinder 5. That is, the communication hole 71 of this embodiment connects the combustion chamber 50 and the space inside the intermediate casing 13 without using the fuel nozzle 6 .
- the communication hole 71 is formed at a position on the downstream side Df2 of the fuel nozzle 6 in the combustion gas flow direction Df.
- the communication hole 71 is formed to supply compressed air to a position in the combustion chamber 50 that does not directly contribute to diffusive combustion.
- the communication hole 71 is formed near the middle of the cylindrical body 5 in the flow direction Df.
- the communication holes 71 are formed at a plurality of positions (for example, four locations) spaced apart from each other along the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 5 in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 5.
- the plurality of communication holes 71 are arranged at regular intervals.
- the communication hole 71 is formed in the intermediate casing 13 so as to face the middle of a flow path for compressed air introduced into the third injection hole 63 . More specifically, the communication hole 71 is the fuel nozzle, when the length of the straight line from the tip of the fuel nozzle 6 to the position where it is connected to the turbine 16 is defined as the total length (100%) of the cylinder 5. It is preferable to arrange the position between 30% and 70% from the tip of 6.
- the communication hole 71 is not limited to a structure in which a plurality of communication holes 71 are formed as in this embodiment. There may be only one communicating hole 71. Further, the plurality of communicating holes 71 are not limited to being arranged at equal intervals, but may be arranged at different intervals.
- the flow rate adjustment unit 8 is capable of adjusting the flow rate of compressed air supplied to the cylinder body 5 from the intermediate supply unit 7 with respect to the supply amount of compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzle 6.
- the flow rate adjustment section 8 adjusts the supply amount of compressed air that is indirectly supplied to the combustion chamber 50 together with fuel through the third injection hole 63 and the amount of compressed air that is directly supplied to the combustion chamber 50 from the intermediate supply section 7. It is possible to adjust the flow rate ratio.
- the flow rate adjustment unit 8 adjusts the flow rate of compressed air supplied from the intermediate supply unit 7 to the combustion chamber 50 according to the respective supply amounts of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the fuel nozzle 6. Specifically, the flow rate adjustment unit 8 increases the flow rate of compressed air supplied to the cylinder body 5 when burning ammonia fuel. On the other hand, the flow rate adjustment unit 8 reduces the flow rate of compressed air supplied to the cylinder body 5 when burning hydrocarbon fuel.
- the flow rate adjustment section 8 of this embodiment includes a valve device 81.
- the valve device 81 is capable of adjusting the flow rate of compressed air flowing from the outside of the cylinder 5 into the combustion chamber 50 that is inside the cylinder 5.
- the valve device 81 is, for example, a flow rate regulating valve, an on/off valve, or a solenoid valve.
- the valve device 81 is arranged so as to close the communication hole 71.
- the valve device 81 adjusts the flow rate of compressed air passing through the communication hole 71.
- the opening degree of the valve device 81 increases as the amount of ammonia fuel supplied to the first injection hole 61 increases (for example, the valve device 81 may be in a fully open state).
- the opening degree of the valve device 81 becomes smaller (for example, the valve device 81 may be in a fully closed state) as the amount of hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the second injection hole 62 increases. Further, when ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are supplied at the same time, the valve device 81 adjusts the degree of opening according to the amount of NOx, and the degree of opening is the same as when only ammonia fuel is supplied. Moderate. In other words, in the case of simultaneous supply, the opening degree of the valve device 81 is the same or smaller than when only ammonia fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6, and only hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6.
- the opening degree is increased compared to the case where the A plurality of valve devices 81 of this embodiment are arranged such that one valve device is arranged for one communication hole 71. That is, one valve device 81 is arranged so that only one communication hole 71 can be closed.
- the ammonia fuel supply facility 20 is capable of supplying ammonia fuel to the gas turbine 10.
- the ammonia fuel supply equipment 20 of this embodiment has a first storage tank 21 and a first supply line 22.
- the first storage tank 21 stores ammonia fuel in a liquid state.
- the first supply line 22 connects the first storage tank 21 and the fuel nozzle 6.
- the first supply line 22 heats and vaporizes liquid ammonia fuel and supplies it to the first injection hole 61 .
- the first supply line 22 is capable of adjusting the amount of ammonia fuel supplied to the first injection hole 61.
- the first supply line 22 includes a heat exchanger (not shown) for vaporizing liquid ammonia, a pump (not shown) for increasing the pressure, and a valve (not shown) for adjusting the supply amount. etc.
- the hydrocarbon fuel supply facility 30 is capable of supplying hydrocarbon fuel to the gas turbine 10.
- the hydrocarbon fuel supply equipment 30 of this embodiment includes a second storage tank 31 and a second supply line 32.
- the second storage tank 31 stores hydrocarbon fuel.
- the second supply line 32 connects the second storage tank 31 and the fuel nozzle 6. When the hydrocarbon fuel is in a liquid state, the second supply line 32 heats it to vaporize it and supplies it to the second injection hole 62 .
- the second supply line 32 is capable of adjusting the amount of hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the second injection hole 62.
- the second supply line 32 includes a heat exchanger (not shown) for vaporizing the hydrocarbon fuel in the liquid state, a pump (not shown) for increasing the pressure, and a valve for adjusting the supply amount. (not shown) etc.
- the second supply line 32 includes a pump (not shown) for increasing the pressure of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, a valve (not shown) for adjusting the supply amount, and the like.
- the gas turbine 10 may be supplied with only ammonia fuel, only hydrocarbon fuel, or simultaneously supplied with ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel.
- the ammonia fuel is supplied from the first storage tank 21 to the fuel nozzle 6 through the first supply line 22.
- the ammonia fuel supplied to the fuel nozzle 6 is injected into the combustion chamber 50 through the first injection hole 61.
- the compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzle 6 via the intermediate casing 13 is injected into the combustion chamber 50 from the third injection hole 63.
- hydrocarbon fuel is not injected from the second injection hole 62.
- the combustion here is not limited to diffusion combustion, but is combustion that matches the form of the fuel nozzle 6. Therefore, a combustion form similar to premix combustion may be used instead of diffusion combustion.
- valve device 81 is in a wide open state.
- most of the compressed air in the intermediate casing 13 flows into the combustion chamber 50 through the communication hole 71. That is, a portion of the compressed air that should be supplied to the third injection hole 63 directly flows into the combustion chamber 50 from the communication hole 71. Therefore, when only ammonia fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6, the flow rate of compressed air supplied to the third injection hole 63 can be reduced.
- the hydrocarbon fuel is supplied from the second storage tank 31 to the fuel nozzle 6 through the second supply line 32.
- the hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the fuel nozzle 6 is injected into the combustion chamber 50 through the second injection hole 62 .
- compressed air is injected into the combustion chamber 50 from the third injection hole 63.
- ammonia fuel is not injected from the first injection hole 61.
- the valve device 81 becomes slightly open (or closed). As a result, almost no compressed air within the intermediate casing 13 flows into the combustion chamber 50 through the communication hole 71.
- the compressed air that should be supplied to the third injection hole 63 flows into the combustion chamber 50 from the third injection hole 63 without substantially decreasing. In this way, when only hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6, the flow rate of compressed air supplied to the third injection hole 63 can be increased.
- the ammonia fuel is supplied from the first storage tank 21 to the fuel nozzle 6 through the first supply line 22.
- hydrocarbon fuel is supplied from the second storage tank 31 to the fuel nozzle 6 through the second supply line 32 . Therefore, ammonia fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 50 through the first injection hole 61, and hydrocarbon fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 50 through the second injection hole 62. At that time, compressed air is injected into the combustion chamber 50 from the third injection hole 63.
- the valve device 81 has a medium opening degree.
- the amount of compressed air in the intermediate casing 13 is the same or smaller than when only ammonia fuel is combusted, and a larger amount than when only hydrocarbon fuel is combusted, flows through the communication hole 71. .
- the amount of compressed air supplied to the third injection hole 63 is not significantly increased or decreased. Therefore, an appropriate amount of compressed air is supplied to the third injection hole 63 when both the ammonia fuel and the hydrocarbon fuel are combusted.
- the flow rate of compressed air used for diffusion combustion in the fuel nozzle 6 can be reduced.
- Ammonia fuel is known to have poor combustibility because it has a smaller calorific value and a lower combustion rate than hydrocarbon fuels. Therefore, if compressed air is supplied at the same amount as when burning hydrocarbon fuel, it is difficult to combust in a stable state (stable combustion), and flame stability cannot be maintained.
- the ammonia fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6, the amount of compressed air supplied is reduced. As a result, when ammonia fuel is combusted, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of unstable combustion due to excessive supply of compressed air. Thereby, when burning ammonia fuel, stable combustion can be continued and flame stability can be maintained.
- the flow rate of compressed air used for diffusion combustion in the fuel nozzle 6 can be increased.
- Hydrocarbon fuel requires more compressed air than ammonia fuel for stable combustion.
- the amount of compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzle 6 is increased compared to when ammonia fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6.
- the amount of compressed air necessary to be supplied to the fuel nozzle 6 when burning hydrocarbon fuel can be secured.
- the ratio of the hydrocarbon fuel to the supply amount of the hydrocarbon fuel and compressed air becomes lower.
- flame stability is maintained when hydrocarbon fuel is combusted, suppressing the occurrence of a high temperature region within the cylinder 5, and nitrogen components remaining in the combustion gas originating from nitrogen in compressed air. can be significantly reduced. Therefore, the amount of NOx generated when hydrocarbon fuel is combusted can be suppressed.
- the flow rate of compressed air flowing into the cylinder body 5 is adjusted by a valve device 81. Therefore, the amount of compressed air supplied when ammonia fuel is supplied and when hydrocarbon fuel is supplied can be adjusted with a simple configuration.
- compressed air is supplied to the cylindrical body 5 through the communication hole 71 from a position away from the fuel nozzle 6 and at a position Df2 on the downstream side of the combustion gas circulation direction Df with respect to the fuel nozzle 6. .
- the communication hole 71 allows compressed air to flow into the combustion chamber 50 from a position away from the fuel nozzle 6 toward the downstream side Df2. Therefore, the compressed air flowing into the combustion chamber 50 from the communication hole 71 does not directly participate in diffusive combustion. Therefore, a structure that can supply compressed air to the combustion chamber 50 can be obtained with a simple configuration while ensuring a space for stably burning the ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel supplied from the fuel nozzle 6.
- the communication hole 71 of this embodiment is arranged at a position beyond the area where the fuel supplied from the fuel nozzle 6 has been completely burned. Therefore, a space for stably burning the fuel supplied from the fuel nozzle 6 can be more reliably secured.
- the cylinder body 5 becomes deficient in oxygen, and the surplus fuel that cannot be completely combusted is sent to the downstream region.
- the surplus fuel is burned in the diluted air section within the downstream region of the cylinder 5 in an area approximately 30% from the rear end of the cylinder 5. Therefore, by forming the communication hole 71 facing up to 70% of the area from the tip of the fuel nozzle 6, a region in which surplus fuel is burned can be secured in the downstream region within the cylinder body 5.
- the communication holes 71 are formed at a plurality of positions spaced apart from each other with respect to the cylindrical body 5. Therefore, the compressed air supplied near the middle of the cylinder 5 is supplied to the combustion chamber 50 without being largely biased near the inner peripheral surface of a part of the cylinder 5. In particular, by arranging the communication holes 71 at equal intervals, compressed air is supplied to the combustion chamber 50 in a nearly uniform state. Therefore, regardless of whether ammonia fuel or hydrocarbon fuel is supplied, the amount of NOx generated can be effectively suppressed while efficiently and stably combustion continues in a wide area of the combustion chamber 50.
- the intermediate supply section 7B of the second embodiment includes an annular flow path forming section 73 and a connecting flow path section 74.
- the annular flow path forming portion 73 is arranged within the intermediate casing 13.
- the annular flow path forming portion 73 forms an annular flow path 730 inside thereof, through which compressed air can flow along the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 5 .
- the annular flow path forming portion 73 covers the entire outer circumference of the cylinder 5. Therefore, the annular flow path forming portion 73 is arranged to cover the plurality of communication holes 71.
- the annular flow path forming portion 73 is directly fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body 5 by a welded portion 75 without any gap.
- the communication hole 71 of this embodiment connects the combustion chamber 50 and the annular flow path 730.
- the plurality of communication holes 71 are connected to each other on the outside of the cylindrical body 5 through an annular flow path 730.
- the connecting flow path portion 74 connects the annular flow path forming portion 73 and the valve device 81B.
- the connection channel section 74 of this embodiment is a curved tubular member like an elbow.
- the connecting channel portion 74 is formed so that its channel cross section is smaller than that of the annular channel 730.
- the connecting flow path portion 74 is connected to the surface of the annular flow path forming portion 73 that is farthest from the cylindrical body 5 .
- the opening area of the connection flow path portion 74 and the annular flow path forming portion 73 at the connection position may be the same as or different from the opening area of the communication hole 71.
- the valve device 81B is connected to the connection flow path section 74.
- the valve device 81B is, for example, a flow rate adjustment valve, an on/off valve, or a solenoid valve.
- the valve device 81B adjusts the flow rate of compressed air supplied to the combustion chamber 50 from the annular flow path 730 and the communication hole 71 by adjusting the flow rate of compressed air flowing into the connecting flow path portion 74. .
- Only one valve device 81B is disposed with respect to the connection flow path portion 74. That is, in the second embodiment, only one valve device 81B is disposed for the plurality of communication holes 71.
- compressed air that has been brought into a nearly uniform pressure state in the annular flow path forming portion 73 can be supplied to the combustion chamber 50 from the plurality of communication holes 71 . Therefore, the compressed air supplied from the plurality of communication holes 71 is supplied to the combustion chamber 50 at substantially the same pressure regardless of the position. Therefore, no matter which fuel, ammonia fuel or hydrocarbon fuel, is supplied, it is possible to continue more efficient and stable combustion in a wide area of the combustion chamber 50, and to more effectively suppress the amount of NOx generated. can. Furthermore, compressed air can be uniformly supplied to the combustion chamber 50 using only one valve device 81B. Therefore, by using a plurality of valve devices, it is possible to avoid variations in the supply state of compressed air due to manufacturing differences between valve devices.
- annular flow path forming portion 73 is not limited to a structure that covers the entire outer circumference of the cylindrical body 5.
- the annular flow path forming portion 73 may have a structure that covers only a part of the outer periphery of the cylinder 5.
- the annular flow path 730 is not limited to having the same cross-sectional area over the entire circumference.
- the cross-sectional area of the annular flow path 730 may be partially changed, such as becoming smaller in the middle, as long as a sufficiently large area can be secured relative to the communication hole 71.
- connection flow path part 74 is connected to the annular flow path formation part 73 in the said second embodiment.
- the connecting flow path portion 74 may be connected to the annular flow path forming portion 73 on a surface facing the combustion gas flow direction Df.
- the connecting flow path portion 74C may be connected to the annular flow path forming portion 73 on a surface facing downstream Df2 in the combustion gas circulation direction Df.
- the intermediate supply section 7D includes a supply pipe 76.
- the supply pipe 76 is arranged in the communication hole 71.
- the supply pipe 76 is formed as a tubular member having the same shape as the communication hole 71.
- the supply pipe 76 is formed to extend inward from the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 5.
- the supply pipe 76 is arranged so as to protrude from the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 5 toward the inside of the cylinder 5. Thereby, the supply pipe 76 supplies the compressed fluid present in the annular flow path 730 to the vicinity of the center of the combustion chamber 50 away from the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder body 5 .
- the supply pipes 76 may be arranged in all the communication holes 71 or only in some of the communication holes 71.
- the annular flow path forming part 73 is not limited to a structure in which it is directly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder 5 as in the second embodiment and the third embodiment.
- the annular flow path forming portion 73 may be arranged with a gap 770 spaced from the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 5.
- the intermediate supply section 7E includes a gap forming member 77 that connects the annular flow path forming section 73 and the cylindrical body 5.
- the gap forming member 77 forms a gap 770 between the annular flow path forming part 73 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 5.
- the gap forming member 77 is an annular member formed outside the cylindrical body 5 so as to cover the communication hole 71.
- the gap 770 is a space sealed between the gap forming member 77, the annular flow path forming part 73, and the cylinder 5.
- the intermediate supply section 7F is not limited to the structure having the annular flow path forming section 73 as in the second to fourth embodiments.
- the intermediate supply section 7F of the fifth embodiment does not have the annular flow path forming section 73, and the connecting flow path section 74F is directly fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 5.
- the connection channel portion 74F is arranged to cover the communication hole 71. Therefore, the communication hole 71 of this embodiment connects the combustion chamber 50 and the connection flow path portion 74F.
- a plurality of connection flow path sections 74F are arranged such that one connection flow path section 74F is arranged for one communication hole 71. In other words, one connection flow path portion 74F is arranged so as to be able to close one communication hole 71.
- each of the plurality of connection flow path sections 74F has an independent valve device 81B.
- the intermediate supply section 7F has a plurality of seal sections 78, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
- the seal portion 78 is disposed between the connection flow path portion 74F and the valve device 81B, and between the connection flow path portion 74F and the cylinder body 5, respectively.
- the seal portion 78 is a non-contact type seal that can be used in high temperature and high pressure areas, such as a floating ring seal.
- the seal portion 78 is arranged between the annular flow path forming portion 73 and the cylinder 5 or between the annular flow path forming portion 73 and the connecting flow path portion 74F. You can leave it there.
- the combustor 15 also has an annular sleeve portion 55 arranged inside the cylinder body 5 so as to surround the communication hole 71, as shown in FIG.
- the sleeve portion 55 forms a flow path between the sleeve portion 55 and the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical body 5 through which cooling air can flow.
- a portion of the compressed air discharged from the compressor 14 is supplied to the sleeve portion 55 as cooling air.
- the sleeve portion 55 may be arranged with respect to the communication hole 71 covered by the annular flow path forming portion 73 in a structure like the second embodiment.
- an independent valve device 81B is disposed in each communication hole 71 via the connection flow path portion 74F.
- the valve device 81B can be adjusted for each communication hole 71 separately or simultaneously. Therefore, regardless of whether ammonia fuel or hydrocarbon fuel is supplied, the amount of compressed air supplied to the combustion chamber 50 can be adjusted appropriately. Therefore, even if the temperature distribution or concentration distribution is uneven in the cylinder 5 or the combustion chamber 50 depending on the operating state, the supply amount can be adjusted arbitrarily, and the amount of NOx generated can be easily suppressed.
- the sleeve portion 55 by arranging the sleeve portion 55, the area around the communication hole 71 can be cooled. Therefore, it is possible to suppress thermal expansion around the communication hole 71 due to the influence of high temperature combustion gas flowing through the combustion chamber 50.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 a sixth embodiment of the gas turbine equipment 1 according to the present disclosure will be described based on FIGS. 13 and 14.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same components in the figures as in the first to fifth embodiments, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.
- a fuel nozzle 6G and a flow rate adjustment section 8G are different.
- the fuel nozzle 6G of the sixth embodiment forms a mixing space 650 in which fluids injected from the first injection hole 61, the second injection hole 62, and the third injection hole 63 are mixed before being supplied to the combustion chamber 50. It has a mixing section 65.
- the mixing portion 65 forms a tip portion of the fuel nozzle 6G that is connected to the combustion chamber 50.
- the mixing part 65 is connected to the first injection hole 61 , the second injection hole 62 , and the third injection hole 63 . Only a predetermined amount of fluid can flow into the mixing space 650. That is, in the fuel nozzle 6G of the second embodiment, the supplied ammonia fuel, hydrocarbon fuel, and compressed air are mixed and injected into the combustion chamber 50 from the mixing part 65 as a fixed amount of fluid. Thereby, the amount of ammonia fuel, hydrocarbon fuel, and compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzle 6G is limited to a certain amount.
- the flow rate adjustment section 8G is not limited to the structure having the valve devices 81 and 81B as described in the first to fifth embodiments. That is, the flow rate adjustment section 8G of the sixth embodiment does not have the valve devices 81 and 81B.
- the flow rate adjustment unit 8G of the sixth embodiment maintains constant the amounts of ammonia fuel, hydrocarbon fuel, and compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzle 6G, and adjusts the amount of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the compressed air. change the ratio of The flow rate adjustment unit 8G is capable of adjusting the supply amount of at least one of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel, thereby adjusting the flow rate of compressed air supplied from the communication hole 71 to the cylinder body 5.
- the flow rate adjustment unit 8G determines that the amount of ammonia fuel supplied when ammonia fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6G is equal to the amount of hydrocarbon fuel that is supplied when hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6G. It is possible to adjust the supply amount of at least one of the ammonia fuel and the hydrocarbon fuel so that the amount increases.
- the flow rate adjustment section 8G of the second embodiment includes a first supply amount adjustment section 85 and a second supply amount adjustment section 86, as shown in FIG.
- the first supply amount adjustment section 85 adjusts the amount of ammonia fuel supplied to the fuel nozzle 6G.
- the first supply amount adjustment section 85 is arranged in the first supply line 22.
- the first supply amount adjustment section 85 is, for example, a flow rate adjustment valve, an on/off valve, or a solenoid valve.
- the second supply amount adjustment section 86 adjusts the amount of hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the fuel nozzle 6G.
- the second supply amount adjustment section 86 is arranged in the second supply line 32.
- the second supply amount adjustment section 86 is, for example, a flow rate adjustment valve, an on/off valve, or a solenoid valve.
- the second supply amount adjustment section 86 uses the ratio of the calorific value of the ammonia fuel to the calorific value of the hydrocarbon fuel as a reference, and the second supply amount adjustment section 86 sets the ratio to be the inverse of that ratio. It is preferable that it is possible to flow up to a flow rate of a corresponding ratio.
- the second supply amount adjustment section 86 is controlled by the first supply amount adjustment section. It is possible to flow only up to about 1/4 of the flow rate of 85.
- the flow rate adjustment unit 8G adjusts the amount of ammonia fuel, hydrocarbon fuel, and compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzle 6G. Specifically, when ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are supplied together, as shown in "mixed combustion" in Figure 14, the total value of the supply amount of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel and the supply of compressed air are The first supply amount adjusting section 85 and the second supply amount adjusting section 86 are adjusted so that the ratio with the amount is close to 1:1.
- the first supply amount adjustment unit 85 is opened, and the second supply amount adjustment section 86 is adjusted to be closed.
- more ammonia fuel is supplied to the mixing space 650 from the first injection hole 61 and less compressed air is supplied from the third injection hole 63 than in the case of "mixed combustion.”
- Much of the compressed air that cannot flow into the third injection hole 63 is then supplied to the combustion chamber 50 through the communication hole 71.
- most of the compressed air in the intermediate casing 13 flows into the combustion chamber 50 through the communication hole 71. That is, a portion of the compressed air that should be supplied to the third injection hole 63 directly flows into the combustion chamber 50 from the communication hole 71.
- the first The supply amount adjustment section 85 is adjusted to be closed and the second supply amount adjustment section 86 is opened. Furthermore, the second supply amount adjustment section 86 is configured so that it can only flow up to a very small flow rate with respect to the first supply amount adjustment section 85 . Therefore, in the case of "only CH4", the flow rate of compressed air flowing into the mixing space 650 from the third injection hole 63 is greater than in the case of "only NH3" or the case of “mixed combustion". As a result, the amount of compressed air that cannot flow into the third injection hole 63 is reduced.
- the compressed air in the intermediate casing 13 does not flow into the combustion chamber 50 through the communication hole 71 much. That is, when using hydrocarbon fuel, the flow rate of compressed air used in the fuel nozzle 6 can be increased compared to when using ammonia fuel.
- the flow rate adjustment unit 8G of the sixth embodiment can be applied to a structure without the valve devices 81 and 81B, but it may also be applied to a structure that further includes the valve devices 81 and 81B.
- a seventh embodiment of the gas turbine equipment 1 according to the present disclosure will be described based on FIG. 15.
- components common to the first to sixth embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.
- the seventh embodiment is different in that the flow rate adjustment section 8H adjusts the flow rate based on the operating state of the combustor 15.
- the gas turbine 10 of the seventh embodiment further includes a detection unit 9 that detects the operating state of the combustor 15. Specifically, the detection unit 9 of this embodiment detects the temperature in the combustor 15.
- the detection unit 9 may be any device that can detect the operating state of the combustor 15.
- the detection unit 9 may be any device that can detect the supply status of ammonia fuel, hydrocarbon fuel, and compressed air.
- the detection unit 9 is a device that detects at least one of the amount and temperature of ammonia fuel supplied to the fuel nozzle 6, the amount and temperature of hydrocarbon fuel supplied, and the amount and temperature of compressed air supplied. Good too.
- the detection unit 9 is a device that detects the temperature of the combustion gas near where it flows into the turbine 16, the concentration of NOx contained in the exhaust gas, and the concentration of ammonia, which is an unburned component contained in the exhaust gas. It may be. Further, the detection unit 9 may detect a plurality of states of the supplied fluid and states of the combustion results in the combustor 15 as described above.
- the flow rate adjustment section 8H of the seventh embodiment includes a valve control device 88 that controls the valve device 81 based on the detection result of the detection section 9.
- the valve control device 88 can adjust the flow rate of compressed air supplied to the combustion chamber 50 by changing the opening degree of the valve device 81 according to the detection result by the detection unit 9. Specifically, the valve control device 88 sends an instruction to reduce the opening degree of the valve device 81 when the temperature of the combustor 15 detected by the detection unit 9 exceeds a first threshold value.
- the first threshold value corresponds to, for example, a case where a state in which only ammonia fuel was being supplied to the fuel nozzle 6 is started to be supplied with hydrocarbon fuel, and the state is switched to a mixed combustion state of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel. is the temperature value. Further, the valve control device 88 further reduces the opening degree of the valve device 81 (for example, when the temperature of the combustor 15 detected by the detection unit 9 exceeds a second threshold value that is larger than the first threshold value). Sends an instruction to close the device.
- the second threshold value is, for example, a change from a mixed combustion state in which both ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are supplied to a state in which the supply of ammonia fuel is stopped and only hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzle 6. This is the temperature value corresponding to the case of switching.
- the valve control device 88 described above is a computer.
- this valve control device 88 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that performs various calculations, a main storage device such as a memory that serves as a work area for the CPU, an auxiliary storage device such as a hard disk drive device, and a keyboard. It has an input device such as a computer or a mouse, and a display device. Note that the valve control device 88 may be incorporated into a control device (not shown) of the gas turbine equipment 1 as part of its functions.
- the hydrocarbon fuel has a much higher calorific value than the ammonia fuel. Therefore, by detecting the temperature of the combustor 15 with the detection unit 9, it is possible to easily understand how much ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are being supplied.
- the gas turbine equipment 1 described above is not limited to the structure described in this embodiment.
- the gas turbine equipment 1 includes a control device that controls various devices, a denitration device that decomposes NOx contained in the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 10, and a denitrification device that decomposes the exhaust gas that flows out from the denitration device. It may also be equipped with a chimney or the like that exhausts the air to the outside.
- the combustor 15 described above is not limited to the structure described in this embodiment. That is, the combustor 15 includes configurations other than the cylinder body 5, the fuel nozzles 6, 6G, the intermediate supply sections 7, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, and the flow rate adjustment sections 8, 8B, 8G, 8H (for example, acoustic damper, etc.).
- the form of the fuel nozzles 6, 6G is not limited to the structure described above.
- the fuel nozzles 6 and 6G may be of a type that mixes fuel and air in advance (premix combustion type), a type that rapidly mixes fuel and air as in this embodiment (diffusion combustion type), or a type that mixes fuel and air independently. Any type of nozzle, such as a spray type, may be used.
- the adjustment of the supply state of ammonia fuel from the ammonia fuel supply equipment 20 to the fuel nozzles 6, 6G, and the adjustment of the supply state of hydrocarbon fuel from the hydrocarbon fuel supply equipment 30 to the fuel nozzles 6, 6G This may be carried out manually by a worker, or may be carried out automatically by a control device of the gas turbine equipment 1 or the like.
- the ammonia fuel supply equipment 20 supplies gaseous ammonia fuel to the gas turbine 10, but it is not limited to such a form. If the gas turbine 10 has a structure that can receive ammonia fuel in a liquid state, the ammonia fuel supply equipment 20 may supply the ammonia fuel in a liquid state to the gas turbine 10.
- valve devices 81, 81B, the first supply amount adjustment section 85, and the second supply amount adjustment section 86 may be controlled manually by an operator, or by the control device of the gas turbine equipment 1, etc. It may also be performed automatically.
- the intermediate supply sections 7, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, and 7F are not limited to the structure having the communication hole 71 as described in the present embodiment.
- the intermediate supply units 7, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, and 7F supply part of the compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzles 6 and 6G to the downstream side Df2 in the combustion gas distribution direction Df with respect to the fuel nozzles 6 and 6G. Any structure may be used as long as it can be supplied to the cylindrical body 5. Therefore, the intermediate supply sections 7, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, and 7F may have a structure in which, for example, the compressed air compressed by the compressor 14 is extracted and supplied to the cylinder 5 through piping or the like.
- the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 14 that can compress air to generate compressed air, and a fuel to be burned that can be switched between ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel, and the compressor 14 a combustor 15 capable of generating combustion gas by burning at least one of the ammonia fuel and the hydrocarbon fuel in the compressed air supplied from the combustor 14; and a combustor 15 that is driven by the combustion gas supplied from the combustor 15.
- the combustor 15 includes a cylindrical body 5 through which the combustion gas generated by burning the ammonia fuel or the hydrocarbon fuel flows, and the ammonia fuel,
- the fuel nozzles 6, 6G eject the hydrocarbon fuel and the compressed air into the cylinder 5, and a portion of the compressed air supplied to the fuel nozzles 6, 6G is intermediate supply parts 7, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F that supply the combustion gas to the cylinder body 5 on the downstream side Df2 in the flow direction Df of the combustion gas with respect to 6G;
- Flow rate adjustment units 8, 8B, 8G, 8H capable of adjusting the flow rate of the compressed air supplied to the cylinder body 5 from the intermediate supply units 7, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F with respect to the supply amount of compressed air;
- the flow rate adjustment parts 8, 8B, 8G, 8H are supplied to the cylinder body 5 from the intermediate supply parts 7, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F when burning the ammonia fuel.
- the proportion of ammonia fuel in the ratio of the supply amounts of ammonia fuel and compressed air increases.
- the amount of nitrogen components remaining in the combustion gas originating from nitrogen in the ammonia fuel can be significantly reduced. Therefore, the amount of NOx generated when ammonia fuel is combusted can be suppressed.
- the flow rate of compressed air used for combustion in the fuel nozzle 6 can be increased.
- the amount of compressed air necessary to be supplied to the fuel nozzles 6 and 6G when burning hydrocarbon fuel can be secured. Thereby, even when burning hydrocarbon fuel, stable combustion can be continued and flame stability can be maintained.
- the ratio of the hydrocarbon fuel to the supply amount of the hydrocarbon fuel and compressed air becomes lower.
- the amount of nitrogen components remaining in the combustion gas originating from nitrogen in compressed air can be significantly reduced. Therefore, the amount of NOx generated when hydrocarbon fuel is combusted can be suppressed.
- the gas turbine 10 according to the second aspect is the gas turbine 10 of (1), in which the flow rate adjustment units 8, 8B, 8G, and 8H are configured to control the flow rate of the compressed air flowing into the cylinder body 5. It has valve devices 81, 81B that can adjust the.
- the gas turbine 10 according to the third aspect is the gas turbine 10 of (1) or (2), in which the intermediate supply portions 7, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, and 7F are connected to the fuel nozzle 6.
- the cylindrical body 5 has a communication hole 71 that communicates the inside and outside of the cylinder 5 at a position remote from the fuel nozzles 6 and 6G and at a position Df2 on the downstream side in the flow direction Df of the combustion gas with respect to the fuel nozzles 6 and 6G.
- the compressed air flowing into the combustion chamber 50 from the communication hole 71 does not directly participate in combustion. Therefore, a structure that can supply compressed air to the combustion chamber 50 can be obtained with a simple configuration while ensuring a space for stably burning the ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel supplied from the fuel nozzles 6 and 6G.
- the gas turbine 10 according to the fourth aspect is the gas turbine 10 according to (3), in which the communication holes 71 are formed in the cylinder body 5 at a plurality of positions separated from each other.
- the compressed air supplied to the cylindrical body 5 is supplied to the combustion chamber 50 without being largely concentrated near the inner peripheral surface of a part of the cylindrical body 5. Therefore, regardless of whether ammonia fuel or hydrocarbon fuel is supplied, the amount of NOx generated can be effectively suppressed while efficiently and stably combustion continues in a wide area of the combustion chamber 50.
- the gas turbine 10 according to the fifth aspect is the gas turbine 10 according to (3) or (4), in which the intermediate supply sections 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E are arranged along the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 5. It has an annular flow path forming part 73 that forms an annular flow path 730 through which the compressed air can flow, and the communication hole 71 allows the annular flow path forming part 73 and the cylinder 5 to communicate with each other.
- the annular flow path forming part 73 plays the role of a damper, so that the compressed air existing in the annular flow path 730 is brought into a nearly uniform pressure state. Thereafter, the compressed air flows into the combustion chamber 50 from the communication hole 71 while filling the annular flow path 730. Thereby, compressed air that has been brought into a nearly uniform pressure state in the annular flow path forming portion 73 can be supplied from the communication hole 71 to the combustion chamber 50 . Therefore, no matter which fuel, ammonia fuel or hydrocarbon fuel, is supplied, it is possible to continue more efficient and stable combustion in a wide area of the combustion chamber 50, and to more effectively suppress the amount of NOx generated. can.
- the gas turbine 10 according to the sixth aspect is the gas turbine 10 according to (5), in which the annular flow path forming portion 73 is arranged with a gap 770 between the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder body 5. has been done.
- the gas turbine 10 according to the seventh aspect is the gas turbine 10 according to any one of (3) to (6), in which the intermediate supply parts 7D and 7E are arranged in the communication hole 71, It has a supply pipe 76 formed in a tubular shape and extending inward from the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 5 .
- the compressed air flowing into the combustion chamber 50 from the communication hole 71 is sent deeper than the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical body 5 by the supply pipe 76. Thereby, compressed air can be stably supplied deep into the combustion chamber 50 away from the communication hole 71.
- the gas turbine 10 according to the eighth aspect is the gas turbine 10 according to any one of (1) to (7), in which the flow rate adjustment sections 8, 8B, 8G, and 8H are connected to the fuel nozzle 6. , 6G, the amount of ammonia fuel supplied to the fuel nozzles 6, 6G is fixed, and the amount of the ammonia fuel supplied to the fuel nozzles 6, 6G is fixed. , the supply amount of at least one of the ammonia fuel and the hydrocarbon fuel can be adjusted so that the amount of the hydrocarbon fuel supplied when the hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the fuel nozzles 6 and 6G is increased. It is said that
- the gas turbine 10 according to the ninth aspect is the gas turbine 10 according to any one of (1) to (8), and further includes a detection unit 9 that detects the operating state of the combustor 15, The flow rate adjustment units 8, 8B, 8G, and 8H adjust the flow rate of the compressed air supplied to the cylinder body 5 according to the detection result from the detection unit 9.
- the flow rate of compressed air sent into the combustion chamber 50 by the flow rate adjustment units 8, 8B, 8G, and 8H can be adjusted without delay according to the operating state of the combustor 15. Furthermore, even at the timing of switching the supply of ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel, it is possible to continue stable combustion and suppress the amount of NOx generated.
- the gas turbine equipment 1 includes the gas turbine 10 according to any one of (1) to (9), and the ammonia fuel supply equipment 20 that can supply the ammonia fuel to the gas turbine 10. , a hydrocarbon fuel supply facility 30 capable of supplying the hydrocarbon fuel to the gas turbine 10.
- gas turbine and gas turbine equipment of the present disclosure it is possible to suppress the amount of NOx generated while continuing stable combustion in a gas turbine to which ammonia fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are supplied.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2022年8月25日に日本に出願された特願2022-133982号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(ガスタービン設備の構成)
本実施形態のガスタービン設備1は、図1に示すように、ガスタービン10と、アンモニア燃料供給設備20と、炭化水素系燃料供給設備30と、を備える。
ガスタービン10は、燃焼させる燃料をアンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料で切り替え可能とされている。ガスタービン10は、アンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料の少なくとも一方を燃焼させて生成された燃焼ガスで駆動可能とされている。ガスタービン10は、本実施形態のガスタービン10は、圧縮機14と、燃焼器15と、タービン16と、吸気ダクト12と、中間ケーシング13と、を備える。
図1に示すように、アンモニア燃料供給設備20は、アンモニア燃料をガスタービン10に供給可能とされている。本実施形態のアンモニア燃料供給設備20は、第一貯蔵タンク21と、第一供給ライン22とを有している。
炭化水素系燃料供給設備30は、炭化水素系燃料をガスタービン10に供給可能とされている。本実施形態の炭化水素系燃料供給設備30は、第二貯蔵タンク31と、第二供給ライン32とを有している。
上記構成のガスタービン設備1では、ガスタービン10に対して、アンモニア燃料のみを供給する場合、炭化水素系燃料のみを供給する場合、アンモニア燃料及び炭化水素燃料を同時に供給する場合がある。
次に、本開示に係るガスタービン設備1の第二実施形態について説明する。なお、以下に説明する第二実施形態においては、上記第一実施形態と共通する構成については図中に同符号を付してその説明を省略する。第二実施形態では、中間供給部7B及び流量調整部8Bの構成が第一実施形態と異なっている。
上述した燃焼器15では、中間ケーシング13に供給された圧縮空気の一部は、弁装置81Bを介して、接続流路部74に流入する。接続流路部74に流入した圧縮空気は環状流路形成部73に流入する。その際、環状流路形成部73がダンパの役割を果たすことで、環状流路730に存在する圧縮空気は均一に近い圧力状態とされる。その後、圧縮空気は、環状流路730に充満しながら、複数の連通孔71から燃焼室50内に流入する。これにより、環状流路形成部73で均一に近い圧力状態とされた圧縮空気を、複数の連通孔71から燃焼室50に供給することができる。したがって、複数の連通孔71から供給された圧縮空気は、どの位置であっても実質的に同じ圧力状態で燃焼室50に供給される。そのため、アンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料の何れの燃料が供給されたとしても、燃焼室50の広い領域で、一層効率良く安定燃焼を継続させつつ、NOxの発生量を一層効果的に抑えることができる。また、一つの弁装置81Bのみを利用して、均一に圧縮空気を燃焼室50に供給できる。したがって、複数の弁装置を利用することで、弁装置ごとの製造交差等による圧縮空気の供給状態のばらつきが生じてしまうことを回避できる。
なお、上記第二実施形態において、接続流路部74が環状流路形成部73に接続される位置は何ら限定されるものではない。接続流路部74は、環状流路形成部73に対して、燃焼ガスの流通方向Dfを向く面に接続されていてもよい。その際、例えば、図6に示すように、接続流路部74Cは、環状流路形成部73に対して、燃焼ガスの流通方向Dfの下流側Df2を向く面に接続されていてもよい。
次に、本開示に係るガスタービン設備1の第三実施形態について説明する。なお、以下に説明する第三実施形態においては、上記第一実施形態及び第二実施形態と共通する構成については図中に同符号を付してその説明を省略する。第三実施形態では、図7に示すように、中間供給部7Dは、供給管76を有している。供給管76は、連通孔71に配置されている。供給管76は、連通孔71と同じ形の管状の部材として形成されている。供給管76は、筒体5の内周面から内側に向かって延びるように形成されている。つまり、供給管76は、筒体5の内周面から筒体5の内部に向かって突出した状態で配置されている。これにより、供給管76は、筒体5の内周面から離れた燃焼室50の中央付近に、環状流路730に存在する圧縮流体を供給する。なお、供給管76は、全ての連通孔71に配置されていてもよく、一部の連通孔71のみに配置されていてもよい。
このような供給管76が配置されていることで、連通孔71から燃焼室50内に流入する圧縮空気は、供給管76によって、筒体5の内周面よりも奥の燃焼室50の中央付近に送られる。これにより、圧縮空気を、連通孔71から離れた燃焼室50の奥深くまで安定して供給することができる。したがって、例えば、燃焼室50における燃焼ガスの流速が速い場合のように、連通孔71から供給された圧縮空気が直ちに下流側Df2に向かって流されてしまうような状況でも、圧縮空気を燃焼室50の中央付近に供給できる。そのため、アンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料の何れの燃料が供給されたとしても、燃焼室50の広い領域に対して、燃え残りを発生や、局所的な高温領域の発生を抑制できる。したがって、燃焼室50の広い領域で、一層効率良く安定燃焼を継続させつつ、NOxの発生量を一層効果的に抑えることができる。
次に、本開示に係るガスタービン設備1の第四実施形態について説明する。なお、以下に説明する第四実施形態においては、上記第一実施形態から第三実施形態と共通する構成については図中に同符号を付してその説明を省略する。第四実施形態では、環状流路形成部73は、第二実施形態や第三実施形態のように、筒体5の外周面に直接接続された構造に限定されるわけではない。例えば、図8に示すように、環状流路形成部73は、筒体5の外周面に対して隙間770を空けて配置されていてもよい。具体的には、中間供給部7Eは、環状流路形成部73と筒体5とを接続する隙間形成部材77を有している。隙間形成部材77は、環状流路形成部73と筒体5の外周面との間に隙間770を形成している。隙間形成部材77は、筒体5の外側で連通孔71を覆うように形成された環状の部材である。本実施形態では、隙間770は、隙間形成部材77と環状流路形成部73と筒体5との間で密閉された空間となっている。
上述したように、環状流路形成部73と筒体5の外周面との間に隙間770が形成されている。そのため、燃焼室50を流通する高温の燃焼ガスの影響で、筒体5に熱伸びが生じた場合であっても、その熱伸び量を環状流路形成部73に影響を与えることなく吸収することができる。これにより、環状流路形成部73と筒体5との固定状態を安定して維持することができる。
次に、本開示に係るガスタービン設備1の第五実施形態について説明する。なお、以下に説明する第五実施形態においては、上記第一実施形態から第四実施形態と共通する構成については図中に同符号を付してその説明を省略する。第五実施形態では、第二実施形態から第四実施形態のように、中間供給部7Fは、環状流路形成部73を有する構造に限定されるものではない。
上述したように、各連通孔71にそれぞれ接続流路部74Fを介して独立した弁装置81Bが配置されている。その結果、各連通孔71に対して弁装置81Bを別々又は同時に調整することができる。したがって、アンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料の何れの燃料が供給されたとしても、燃焼室50に対して適正に圧縮空気の供給量を調整できる。そのため、運転状態によって筒体5又は燃焼室50内に温度分布や濃度分布ムラが生じていても、任意に供給量を調整することができ、NOxの発生量を抑制しやすくなる。
次に、本開示に係るガスタービン設備1の第六実施形態について、図13及び図14に基づいて説明する。なお、以下に説明する第六実施形態においては、上記第一実施形態から第五実施形態と共通する構成については図中に同符号を付してその説明を省略する。第六実施形態では、燃料ノズル6G及び流量調整部8Gが異なっている。
流量調整部8Gは、図14に示すように、燃料ノズル6Gへのアンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料と圧縮空気との供給量を調整する。具体的には、アンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料を共に供給する際には、図14の「混焼」に示すように、アンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料の供給量の合計値と、圧縮空気の供給量との比が1対1に近い値となるように、第一供給量調整部85及び第二供給量調整部86が調整される。
次に、本開示に係るガスタービン設備1の第七実施形態について、図15に基づいて説明する。なお、以下に説明する第七実施形態においては、上記第一実施形態から第六実施形態と共通する構成については図中に同符号を付してその説明を省略する。第七実施形態では、流量調整部8Hが燃焼器15の運転状態に基づいて流量を調整する点が異なっている。
このように、検知部9の検知結果に基づいて、弁装置81を弁制御装置88で制御することで、燃焼器15の運転状態に応じて、燃焼室50に弁装置81によって連通孔71から送り込む圧縮空気の流量を遅滞なく調整できる。さらに、アンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料の供給の切り替えのタイミングでも、安定燃焼を継続させつつ、NOxの発生量を抑えることができる。
以上、本開示の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳述したが、具体的な構成はこの実施の形態に限られるものではなく、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等も含まれる。
各実施形態に記載のガスタービン10及びガスタービン設備1は、例えば以下のように把握される。
10…ガスタービン
11…ガスタービンロータ
12…吸気ダクト
13…中間ケーシング
14…圧縮機
14r…圧縮機ロータ
14c…圧縮機ケーシング
14v…IGV
15…燃焼器
5…筒体
50…燃焼室
6、6G…燃料ノズル
61…第一噴射孔
62…第二噴射孔
63…第三噴射孔
7、7B、7C、7D、7E、7F…中間供給部
71…連通孔
8、8B、8G、8H…流量調整部
81、81B…弁装置
Df…流通方向
Df1…上流側
Df2…下流側
16…タービン
16r…タービンロータ
16c…タービンケーシング
Ar…ロータ軸線
20…アンモニア燃料供給設備
21…第一貯蔵タンク
22…第一供給ライン
30…炭化水素系燃料供給設備
31…第二貯蔵タンク
32…第二供給ライン
73、73C…環状流路形成部
730…環状流路
75…溶接部
74、74C、74F…接続流路部
76…供給管
77…隙間形成部材
770…隙間
78…シール部
55…スリーブ部
85…第一供給量調整部
86…第二供給量調整部
65…混合部
650…混合空間
9…検知部
88…弁制御装置
Claims (10)
- 空気を圧縮して圧縮空気を生成可能な圧縮機と、
燃焼させる燃料をアンモニア燃料及び炭化水素系燃料で切り替え可能とされ、前記圧縮機から供給された前記圧縮空気中で前記アンモニア燃料及び前記炭化水素系燃料の少なくとも一方を燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成可能な燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器から供給された前記燃焼ガスにより駆動可能なタービンと、を備え、
前記燃焼器は、
前記アンモニア燃料又は前記炭化水素系燃料が燃焼することで生成される前記燃焼ガスが流通する筒状の筒体と、
前記アンモニア燃料、前記炭化水素系燃料、及び前記圧縮空気を前記筒体の内部に噴出する燃料ノズルと、
前記燃料ノズルに供給される前記圧縮空気の一部を、前記燃料ノズルに対して前記燃焼ガスの流通方向の下流側で前記筒体に供給する中間供給部と、
前記燃料ノズルに供給される前記圧縮空気の供給量に対する前記中間供給部から前記筒体に供給される前記圧縮空気の流量を調整可能な流量調整部とを有し、
前記流量調整部は、前記アンモニア燃料を燃焼させる際には前記中間供給部から前記筒体に供給される前記圧縮空気の流量を増加させ、前記炭化水素系燃料を燃焼させる際には前記筒体に供給される前記圧縮空気の流量を低下させるガスタービン。 - 前記流量調整部は、前記筒体に流入する前記圧縮空気の流量を調整可能な弁装置を有している請求項1に記載のガスタービン。
- 前記中間供給部は、前記燃料ノズルから離れた位置、かつ前記燃料ノズルに対して前記燃焼ガスの流通方向の下流側の位置で、前記筒体の内部と外部とを連通する連通孔を有する請求項1又は2に記載のガスタービン。
- 前記連通孔は、互いに離れた複数の位置で前記筒体に形成されている請求項3に記載のガスタービン。
- 前記中間供給部は、前記筒体の外周に沿って前記圧縮空気が流通可能な環状流路を形成する環状流路形成部を有し、
前記連通孔は、前記環状流路形成部と前記筒体とを連通させている請求項4に記載のガスタービン。 - 前記環状流路形成部は、前記筒体の外周面に対して隙間を空けて配置されている請求項5に記載のガスタービン。
- 前記中間供給部は、前記連通孔に配置され、前記筒体の内周面から内側に向かって延びる管状に形成された供給管を有する請求項5に記載のガスタービン。
- 前記流量調整部は、前記燃料ノズルへの前記アンモニア燃料、前記炭化水素系燃料、及び前記圧縮空気の供給量を一定とした上で、前記燃料ノズルへ前記アンモニア燃料の供給する際の前記アンモニア燃料の供給量が、前記燃料ノズルへ前記炭化水素系燃料の供給する際の前記炭化水素系燃料の供給量が多くなるように、前記アンモニア燃料及び前記炭化水素系燃料の少なくとも一方の供給量を調整可能とされている請求項1に記載のガスタービン。
- 前記燃焼器の運転状態を検知する検知部をさらに備え、
前記流量調整部は、前記検知部での検知結果に応じて、前記筒体に供給される前記圧縮空気の流量を調整する請求項1又は2に記載のガスタービン。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の前記ガスタービンと、
前記アンモニア燃料を前記ガスタービンに供給可能なアンモニア燃料供給設備と、
前記炭化水素系燃料を前記ガスタービンに供給可能な炭化水素系燃料供給設備と、を備えるガスタービン設備。
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| DE112023003553.9T DE112023003553T5 (de) | 2022-08-25 | 2023-08-23 | Gasturbine und gasturbinenanlage |
| CN202380053456.1A CN119546903A (zh) | 2022-08-25 | 2023-08-23 | 燃气涡轮及燃气涡轮设备 |
| JP2024542845A JP7731507B2 (ja) | 2022-08-25 | 2023-08-23 | ガスタービン及びガスタービン設備 |
| KR1020257001150A KR20250019150A (ko) | 2022-08-25 | 2023-08-23 | 가스 터빈 및 가스 터빈 설비 |
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| KR (1) | KR20250019150A (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2024043268A1 (ja) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04131619A (ja) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-05-06 | Hitachi Ltd | ガスタービン燃焼器 |
| JPH0518537A (ja) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 予混合燃焼器 |
| JPH05203146A (ja) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-10 | Hitachi Ltd | ガスタービン燃焼器及びガスタービン発電装置 |
| JP2002235556A (ja) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-08-23 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | 改質型ガス化ガス発電プラントおよびその運転方法 |
| JP2004060623A (ja) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-26 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | ガス化発電プラント用ガスタービン燃焼器 |
| WO2009066706A1 (ja) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | 減衰装置及びガスタービン燃焼器 |
| JP2010019195A (ja) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | ガスタービンの運転制御装置 |
-
2023
- 2023-08-23 KR KR1020257001150A patent/KR20250019150A/ko active Pending
- 2023-08-23 CN CN202380053456.1A patent/CN119546903A/zh active Pending
- 2023-08-23 DE DE112023003553.9T patent/DE112023003553T5/de active Pending
- 2023-08-23 WO PCT/JP2023/030288 patent/WO2024043268A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-08-23 JP JP2024542845A patent/JP7731507B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04131619A (ja) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-05-06 | Hitachi Ltd | ガスタービン燃焼器 |
| JPH0518537A (ja) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 予混合燃焼器 |
| JPH05203146A (ja) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-10 | Hitachi Ltd | ガスタービン燃焼器及びガスタービン発電装置 |
| JP2002235556A (ja) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-08-23 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | 改質型ガス化ガス発電プラントおよびその運転方法 |
| JP2004060623A (ja) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-26 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | ガス化発電プラント用ガスタービン燃焼器 |
| WO2009066706A1 (ja) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | 減衰装置及びガスタービン燃焼器 |
| JP2010019195A (ja) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | ガスタービンの運転制御装置 |
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| JP7731507B2 (ja) | 2025-08-29 |
| CN119546903A (zh) | 2025-02-28 |
| JPWO2024043268A1 (ja) | 2024-02-29 |
| DE112023003553T5 (de) | 2025-07-31 |
| KR20250019150A (ko) | 2025-02-07 |
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