WO2024043262A1 - 筆記具用水性インキ組成物及びそれを収容してなる筆記具 - Google Patents
筆記具用水性インキ組成物及びそれを収容してなる筆記具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024043262A1 WO2024043262A1 PCT/JP2023/030257 JP2023030257W WO2024043262A1 WO 2024043262 A1 WO2024043262 A1 WO 2024043262A1 JP 2023030257 W JP2023030257 W JP 2023030257W WO 2024043262 A1 WO2024043262 A1 WO 2024043262A1
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- ink composition
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- sulfate
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/16—Writing inks
- C09D11/18—Writing inks specially adapted for ball-point writing instruments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/16—Writing inks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K24/00—Mechanisms for selecting, projecting, retracting or locking writing units
- B43K24/02—Mechanisms for selecting, projecting, retracting or locking writing units for locking a single writing unit in only fully projected or retracted positions
- B43K24/08—Mechanisms for selecting, projecting, retracting or locking writing units for locking a single writing unit in only fully projected or retracted positions operated by push-buttons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K7/00—Ball-point pens
- B43K7/01—Ball-point pens for low viscosity liquid ink
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a water-based ink composition for writing instruments and a writing instrument containing the same.
- inks using water as the main solvent have been known and are widely used because of their low odor and high safety.
- colorants such as pigments and resin particles have unstable dispersion stability in water, and if the colorant is not uniformly dispersed and kept in a stable state, agglomeration and/or sedimentation will occur, causing the ink to deteriorate.
- Water-based ink for writing instruments does not have sufficient performance, such as a decrease in the density of handwriting formed by the stored writing instrument, or a decrease in ink ejection from the pen tip, resulting in writing defects such as line skipping and smearing. There are times when it is difficult to do so. Therefore, ink compositions in which the dispersion stability of pigments or resin particles in aqueous inks is improved by using various dispersants and/or additives have been disclosed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Patent Document 1 discloses an aqueous ink composition comprising water, a pigment, and an alkali salt of a carboxyl group-containing compound as a dispersant.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a water-based ink containing water, a pigment, xanthan gum, and a non-crosslinked polyacrylic acid having a specific molecular weight or a salt thereof.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an aqueous ink composition comprising a pigment, an aqueous medium, and a copolymer of an N-vinylpyrrolidone derivative and an acrylic acid derivative or a methacrylic acid derivative as a dispersant.
- Water-based inks such as those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 can stably disperse a colorant in the ink by using a dispersant or resin.
- a dispersant or resin e.g., water-based ink compositions
- the dispersion stability of the colorant in the ink is still insufficient, especially when the particle size of the pigment is large and/or the specific gravity is low. If the pigment is large, it is difficult to suppress pigment aggregation and/or sedimentation for a long period of time, which may result in a decrease in handwriting density and/or poor handwriting.
- Patent Document 4 uses xanthan gum or succinoglycan as a shear thinning agent, and also uses polyvinylpyrrolidone in a specific ratio.
- the above-mentioned configuration can effectively suppress drooping and dry-up of the nib when the pen is left stationary, it can also prevent paper fibers from getting caught between the ball and the nib when writing, displaying the ball while it is pressed, or dropping the nib. If the tip of the tip is damaged or deformed due to this, and the ink flow path expands unintentionally, the ink may drip or even worse, it may cause dripping when stored at high temperatures or high humidity. there were. Furthermore, at the beginning of writing when the shear load due to ball rotation is low, scratches tend to occur and the writing feels heavy.
- Patent Document 5 by adding crystalline cellulose and resin particles together, the resin particles cause sedimentation of the crystalline cellulose in the ink over time, without adjusting the viscosity using a shear thinning agent or the like.
- the present invention discloses a technology that suppresses direct current, increases the direct current preventing effect, and makes it possible to achieve both a high level of direct current preventing effect and stability over time without deteriorating writing performance.
- a sufficient effect may not be obtained against the aforementioned careless expansion of the ink flow path or when stored under high temperature and humidity, and ink may sag. I understand.
- crystalline cellulose is a large particle of 10 ⁇ m or more that is obtained by extracting and refining the cellulose crystalline region by hydrolysis using pulp as a raw material, it is subject to centrifugal loads during the manufacturing of writing instruments and/or long-term aging in the same posture. It was also found that sedimentation may occur on the pen tip side, which impedes ink flow during writing.
- the present disclosure aims to provide a water-based ink composition for a writing instrument that can solve at least one of the following problems 1 and 2, and a writing instrument containing the same.
- Problem 1 The colorant is less likely to aggregate and/or settle over time, and good handwriting can be formed.
- Problem 2 When the pen tip of a writing instrument is stored for a long period of time in a downward-facing state, it does not sag, and it is possible to form good handwriting without fading or the like.
- Aspect 1 of the present invention is This is an aqueous ink composition for a writing instrument, comprising water, a colorant, and sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers in which at least some of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fibers are sulfate-esterified.
- Aspect 2 of the present invention is Aspect 1, wherein the sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber has a cellulose I type crystal structure, and at least a part of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fiber are substituted with a sulfo group represented by the following formula (1).
- This is a water-based ink composition for writing instruments.
- r is a natural number from 1 to 3
- Z r+ is from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, alkali metal cations, ammonium ions, aliphatic ammonium ions, and aromatic ammonium ions.
- Aspect 3 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the average fiber width of the sulfated cellulose fibers is 0.5 to 500 nm.
- Aspect 4 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to aspect 3, wherein the average fiber width of the sulfated cellulose fibers is 30 nm or less.
- Aspect 5 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the amount of sulfur introduced into the sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber is higher than 0.42 mmol/g.
- Aspect 6 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for a writing instrument according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the degree of polymerization of the sulfated cellulose fiber is 30 or more.
- Aspect 7 of the present invention is according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, the dispersion in which the sulfated cellulose fibers are dispersed in a water-soluble solvent so that the solid content concentration is 0.5% by mass has a haze value of 20% or less.
- This is a water-based ink composition for writing instruments.
- Aspect 8 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the sulfated cellulose fiber is blended in a range of 0.01 to 3% by mass based on the total amount of the ink composition.
- Aspect 9 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, further comprising a shear thinning agent.
- the shear thinning agent is a water-soluble polysaccharide, a polymer having a molecular weight of 100,000 to 150,000 whose main component is an alkyl ester of methacrylic acid, a poly-N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide crosslinked product, benzylidene sorbitol and its derivatives, From the group consisting of benzylidene xylitol and its derivatives, alkali-thickened acrylic resins, cross-linked acrylic acid polymers, inorganic fine particles, nonionic surfactants with an HLB value of 8 to 12, and metal salts or amine salts of dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid.
- Aspect 11 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to aspect 9 or 10, wherein the shear thinning agent is blended in a range of 0.05 to 1% by mass in the total amount of the ink composition.
- Aspect 12 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the colorant is dispersed in water.
- Aspect 13 of the present invention is 13.
- Aspect 14 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for writing instruments according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the colorant has an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 25 ⁇ m.
- Aspect 15 of the present invention is The aqueous ink composition for a writing instrument according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, comprising a colorant having a specific gravity of more than 1.
- Aspect 16 of the present invention is A writing instrument containing the aqueous ink composition for a writing instrument according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.
- the colorant is unlikely to aggregate and/or settle over time and can form good handwriting, and/or the pen tip of the writing instrument is prevented from sagging during long-term storage with the pen tip facing downward. It is possible to provide a water-based ink composition for a writing instrument that can form good handwriting without blurring or the like, and a writing instrument containing the same.
- the aqueous ink composition for writing instruments (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "ink composition” or “ink”) according to the embodiment of the present invention contains water, a colorant, and sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers. Each component constituting the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention will be explained below.
- Ink compositions according to embodiments of the invention contain water.
- Water is not particularly limited, but examples include tap water, ion-exchanged water, ultrafiltrated water, and distilled water.
- the content of water based on the total mass of the ink composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 35 to 95% by mass, more preferably 40 to 90% by mass.
- An ink composition according to an embodiment of the present invention contains a colorant.
- colorants it is possible to use all dyes, pigments and resin particles that can be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium. That is, the colorant may include one or more selected from the group consisting of dyes, pigments, and resin particles.
- the colorant may include one or more selected from the group consisting of pigments and resin particles, or may consist of one or more selected from the group consisting of pigments and resin particles.
- the coloring agent may contain or consist of a dye.
- acid dyes As the dye, acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, etc. can be used.
- acidic dyes include naphthol green B (C.I.10020), naphthol yellow S (C.I.10316), acid yellow 9 (C.I.13015), methanyl yellow (C.I. 13065), Orange I (C.I. 14600), Ponceau SX (C.I. 14700), Orange II (C.I. 15510), Sunset Yellow FCF (C.I. 15985), New Coccin (C.
- Acid Red C.I.45100
- Violamine R C.I.45190
- Uranine C.I.45350
- Eosin C.I.45380
- Phloxin B C.I.45410
- erythrosine C.I.45430
- nigrosine C.I.50420
- pyranine conch C.I.59040
- alizurol purple C.I.60730
- alizarin cyanine green F C.I.61570
- indigo carmine C.I.73015), etc.
- Basic dyes include chrysoidine (C.I. 11270), methyl violet FN (C.I.
- pigments examples include inorganic pigments, organic pigments, glitter pigments, fluorescent pigments, and phosphorescent pigments. Furthermore, it is also possible to use a water-dispersed pigment in which the pigment is finely and stably dispersed in an aqueous medium in advance using a surfactant and/or a resin.
- a pigment dispersant can be used if necessary.
- the pigment dispersant include anionic and nonionic surfactants; anionic polymers such as polyacrylic acid and styrene-acrylic acid; nonionic polymers such as PVP and PVA.
- Pigments applied to the embodiments of the present invention include dyes such as acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, oil-soluble dyes, and disperse dyes, and microcapsule pigments in which the above pigments are encapsulated in microcapsules. It will be done. By encapsulating the dye or pigment in microcapsules, it is isolated and protected from the external environment, and the water resistance and light resistance of the encapsulated material can be improved.
- a water-based ink composition for a writing instrument containing a microcapsule pigment containing a dye is included in the aspect of "a water-based ink composition for a writing instrument containing a pigment", and is also included in the "aqueous ink composition for a writing instrument containing a dye”. It is also included in the embodiment.
- a microcapsule pigment containing a dye or pigment can be formed by encapsulating a colored body in which the dye or pigment is dissolved or dispersed in an oily medium into microcapsules.
- Pigments applied to the embodiments of the present invention include functional materials such as thermochromic materials that change color due to temperature changes and photochromic materials that change color due to light irradiation, which are encapsulated in microcapsules. Capsule pigments are also included. These color changes may be reversible or irreversible. Reversible thermochromic materials or reversible photochromic materials are suitable as functional materials because they can repeatedly exhibit color changes due to temperature changes or light irradiation.
- the reversible thermochromic material includes (A) an electron-donating color-forming organic compound, (B) an electron-accepting compound, and (C) a reaction that determines the temperature at which the color reaction of components (A) and (B) occurs.
- Examples include reversible thermochromic compositions comprising at least a medium.
- the heat-decolorizing type means that the color is decolored by heating and the color is developed by cooling.
- This reversible thermochromic composition changes color before and after a predetermined temperature (color change point), becomes decolored at a temperature above the high temperature side discoloration point, and changes color at a temperature below the low temperature side discoloration point.
- the heat-decolorizing type means that the color is decolored by heating and the color is developed by cooling.
- the shape of the curve plotting the change in color density due to temperature change is such that the shape of the curve is such that the temperature increases from a lower side than the discoloration temperature range, and vice versa.
- the discoloration follows a very different path depending on the case, and the color development state in the temperature range below the complete color development temperature t 1 , or the discoloration state in the high temperature range above the complete color development temperature t 4 , is the specific temperature range. It has color memory in the [temperature range between the color development start temperature t 2 and the discoloration start temperature t 3 (substantially two-phase retention temperature range)].
- the reversible thermochromic composition has a complete color development temperature t 1 in a freezing room or in a cold room. Specify the temperature that can only be obtained on the ground, etc., and the complete discoloration temperature t4 to be within the range of frictional heat from a friction body and the temperature that can be obtained from a familiar heating body such as a hair dryer, and specify the ⁇ H value between 40 and 100 degrees Celsius. By doing so, it is possible to effectively maintain the color exhibited under normal conditions (in the everyday living temperature range).
- the temperature that can only be obtained in a freezing room, a cold region, etc. is in the range of -50 to 0°C, preferably in the range of -40 to -5°C, and more preferably in the range of -30 to -10°C.
- the temperature obtained from a familiar heating element such as a hair dryer is in the range of 50 to 95°C, preferably 50 to 90°C, more preferably 60 to 80°C.
- thermochromic compositions using gallic acid ester, which are described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-44706, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-253149, etc., can also be used.
- the heat coloring type means that the color develops when heated and the color disappears when cooled.
- the reversible thermochromic composition is a compatible composition having the above-mentioned (A) component, (B) component, and (C) component as essential components, and the proportion of each component depends on the concentration, color change temperature, color change form, and/or Although it depends on the type of each component, generally the component ratio at which desired characteristics can be obtained is 1 to 1 of component (A) to 0.1 to 100 of component (B), preferably 0.1 to 50. , more preferably from 0.5 to 20, component (C) from 1 to 800, preferably from 5 to 200, more preferably from 5 to 100, even more preferably from 10 to 100 (all of the above ratios are parts by mass). ).
- Reversible photochromic materials include conventionally known spirooxazine derivatives and spiropyran derivatives that develop color when irradiated with sunlight, ultraviolet light, or blue light with a peak emission wavelength in the range of 400 to 495 nm, and disappear when irradiation is stopped. and photochromic compounds such as naphthopyran derivatives, examples of which include compounds described in JP-A No. 2021-120493 and International Publication No. 2020/137469 pamphlet.
- photochromic compound having photomemory properties can also be used.
- photochromic compounds include diarylethene derivatives, and examples thereof include compounds described in JP-A No. 2021-120493.
- a reversible photochromic composition in which the above photochromic compound is dissolved in an oligomer such as a styrene oligomer, an acrylic oligomer, a terpene oligomer, or a terpene phenol oligomer can also be used.
- an oligomer such as a styrene oligomer, an acrylic oligomer, a terpene oligomer, or a terpene phenol oligomer
- a reversible photochromic microcapsule pigment can be formed.
- Microcapsule pigments can be microencapsulated using conventionally known isocyanate-based interfacial polymerization methods, melamine-formalin-based in-situ polymerization methods, in-liquid curing coating methods, phase separation methods from aqueous solutions, and phase separation methods from organic solvents. , melting and dispersion cooling method, air suspension coating method, spray drying method, etc., which are appropriately selected depending on the application.
- the material for the capsule include epoxy resin, urea resin, urethane resin, and isocyanate resin.
- a secondary resin film can be further provided on the surface of the microcapsules to impart durability or to modify the surface characteristics for practical use.
- the mass ratio of inclusions to wall film is preferably 7:1 to 1:1, and the mass ratio of inclusions to wall film is as described above. By being within this range, it is possible to prevent a decrease in color density and sharpness during color development. More preferably, the mass ratio of inclusions to wall membrane is 6:1 to 1:1.
- Reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigments or reversible photochromic microcapsule pigments can be converted from colored (1) to colored (2) by incorporating non-chromic coloring agents such as general dyes or pigments into the microcapsules. It is also possible to provide microencapsulated pigments exhibiting color-changing behavior.
- the resin particles include resin particles containing the above-described dyes, pigments, thermochromic materials, and/or photochromic materials.
- the resin particles containing a dye are included in the embodiment of "aqueous ink composition for writing instruments containing resin particles” and also included in the embodiment of "aqueous ink composition for writing instruments containing dye.”
- resin particles containing a pigment are included in the embodiment of "aqueous ink composition for writing instruments containing resin particles” and also included in the embodiment of "aqueous ink composition for writing instruments containing pigment.”
- Examples of the resin particles containing a dye include colored resin particles in which a dye is homogeneously dissolved or dispersed in the resin particles, and colored resin particles in which the resin particles are dyed with a dye.
- resin particles containing a pigment examples include colored resin particles in which a pigment is homogeneously dispersed in the resin particles, and colored resin particles in which the surface of the resin particles is coated with a pigment.
- the pigment may be surface-treated by various conventionally known methods for the purpose of improving dispersibility and/or adsorption to the resin constituting the resin particles.
- the resin particles containing a thermochromic material or photochromic material include colored resin particles in which a reversible thermochromic composition is homogeneously dispersed (hereinafter referred to as “reversible thermochromic resin particles”). ), and colored resin particles in which a reversible photochromic composition is homogeneously dispersed (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “reversible photochromic resin particles”).
- the resin particles applied to the embodiments of the present invention also include solid resin particles with no voids inside the particles and hollow resin particles with voids inside the particles.
- the resin particles can be produced by a pulverization method, a spray drying method, or a polymerization method in which polymerization is performed in an aqueous or oily medium in the presence of a dye, a pigment, a thermochromic material, and/or a photochromic material.
- polymerization methods include suspension polymerization, suspension polycondensation, dispersion polymerization, and emulsion polymerization.
- the shape of the resin particles is not particularly limited, and spherical, polygonal, flat, and other resin particles can be used. Among these, spherical resin particles are preferred.
- One type of colorant or a combination of two or more types can be used.
- the reversible thermochromic composition or reversible photochromic composition is preferably encapsulated in microcapsules and used as a microcapsule pigment. By encapsulating it in microcapsules, it is possible to construct a chemically and physically stable pigment, and furthermore, under various usage conditions, reversible thermochromic compositions or reversible photochromic compositions remain the same. This is because the same composition can be maintained and the same effects can be achieved.
- the blending ratio of the colorant is not particularly limited, but in order to prevent the colorant from agglomerating and/or settling over time and to form good handwriting, the colorant should be included in the total amount of the ink composition. It is preferably blended in an amount of 1 to 25% by weight, more preferably 3 to 20% by weight. When the blending ratio exceeds 25% by mass, the ink ejection properties of a writing instrument containing the ink composition tend to deteriorate, and writing defects such as blurring and line skipping tend to occur. On the other hand, if the blending ratio is less than 1% by mass, it becomes difficult to obtain a suitable handwriting density as a writing instrument.
- the coloring agent is preferably 1 to 35% by mass based on the total amount of the ink composition. , more preferably in a range of 2 to 30% by mass.
- the colorant is a reversible color-changing microcapsule pigment, a reversible photochromic microcapsule pigment, or a reversible thermochromic resin particle or a reversible photochromic resin particle
- these colorants are preferably present in the total amount of the ink. is blended in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight, more preferably 10 to 40% by weight, even more preferably 10 to 30% by weight. If the blending ratio exceeds 40% by mass, the ink ejection properties of a writing instrument containing the ink composition will be reduced, and writing defects such as blurring and line skipping will likely occur. On the other hand, if the blending ratio is less than 5% by mass, it is difficult to obtain suitable discoloration properties and handwriting density as a writing instrument, and it becomes difficult to fully satisfy the discoloration function.
- compositions to which water-soluble ones are applied are particularly susceptible to sagging during storage under high humidity, so the configuration in the embodiment of the present invention can be effective.
- the most effective means is to add sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers, which will be described later, to the dye-based aqueous ink composition.
- An ink composition according to an embodiment of the present invention contains sulfated cellulose fibers.
- Sulfated cellulose fibers are various cellulose fibers in which at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups in the glucose units constituting cellulose have been modified by sulfate esterification.
- any type of cellulose may be used as the base material, cellulose having a cellulose I type crystal structure as the base material is widely used.
- the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers include, for example, sulfate-esterified cellulose having a cellulose I type crystal structure and in which at least a portion of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fibers are substituted with sulfo groups represented by the following formula (1).
- An example is fiber.
- r is a natural number from 1 to 3
- the sulfo-esterified cellulose fiber substituted with a sulfo group represented by the above formula (1) has a cellulose I type crystal structure, and at least a part of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fiber are sulfo ester groups ((-O It can also be referred to as a sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber substituted with -SO 3 - ) r.Z r+ ).
- Sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers have improved hydrophilicity by having a sulfo group ((-SO 3 ⁇ ), which also includes the sulfo group contained in the sulfate ester group (-O-SO 3 ⁇ )). Dispersibility when dispersed in an ink composition can be improved. Further, due to the electronic repulsion of the introduced sulfo group, a dispersed state is easily maintained in the ink composition, and a network structure can be formed by interaction between the sulfated cellulose fibers.
- the sulfated cellulose fibers prevent contact between colorants in the ink composition and suppress aggregation of the colorant, so that the colorant can be stably retained in the ink composition. Additionally, the sulfated cellulose fibers also act as a thickener or gelling agent depending on the fiber length, which may lead to more stable retention of the colorant in the ink composition. That is, the sulfated cellulose fibers can have the effect of improving the dispersion stability of the colorant (hereinafter referred to as "effect 1").
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention by using the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers described above, when the ink flow stops, the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers in the vicinity of the chips (voids) instantly move between each cellulose fiber. It is presumed that the ink is retained through interaction, and when rewritten, the original fluidity is restored with a slight load. Therefore, even in harsher conditions, such as during long-term storage, storage at high temperatures or high humidity, and when the flow path of the pen tip is inadvertently widened, it effectively prevents ink dripping and dripping.
- the sulfated cellulose fiber can exhibit at least one of the above-mentioned "effect 1" and "effect 2".
- Sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers have a sulfo group ((-SO 3 - ), which also includes the sulfo group contained in the sulfate ester group (-O-SO 3 - )), which increases the hydrophilicity of such fibers. Therefore, the dispersibility when dispersed in water-based ink can be improved. Furthermore, the electronic repulsion of the introduced sulfo group makes it easier to maintain a dispersed state without causing aggregation in the ink, so it is normally possible to maintain ink stability during centrifugation during manufacturing and/or over time. , the ink flow path may be blocked under conditions where ink sag occurs.
- At least some of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose having a cellulose I type crystal structure are sulfo groups ((-SO 3 - ), including the sulfo groups contained in the sulfate ester group (-O-SO 3 - ))
- the sulfated esterified cellulose fibers substituted with are micro-order fibers that have not been subjected to fibrillation treatment (refining treatment) and nano-order fibers that have been fibrillated.
- the average fiber width of the sulfated cellulose fibers is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 500 nm.
- Nano-order sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers that have been defibrated are fine cellulose fibers that have been defibrated, so they are different from sulfate-esterified defibrated cellulose fibers or sulfate-esterified fine cellulose fibers (sulfate-esterified cellulose nanofibers).
- the average fiber width of the sulfated cellulose fibers is preferably 0.5 nm or more, more preferably 1 nm or more, and even more preferably 2 nm or more, from the viewpoint of producing fine sulfated cellulose fibers that maintain cellulose I type crystal structure. It is.
- the average fiber width is preferably It is 500 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the sulfate ester may affect the hue of the ink composition. Therefore, in order to obtain transparency when the sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber is dispersed in water, the average fiber width of the sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber is preferably adjusted to 0.5 to 500 nm. ⁇ 500 nm, 2 ⁇ 100 nm, 2 ⁇ 30 nm, 2 ⁇ 20 nm, and 2 ⁇ 10 nm are more preferred in this order. When the average fiber width is within the above range, the hue of the sulfated cellulose fibers becomes less likely to affect the hue of the ink composition, and the ink composition tends to exhibit a hue derived from the colorant.
- an ink composition using a reversible thermochromic material or a reversible photochromic material as a colorant reversibly changes color from a colored state to a decolored state depending on a temperature change or the presence or absence of light irradiation. Since the ink composition is colorless in the decolorized state, the color of the ink composition is difficult to visually recognize. However, if the hue of the sulfated cellulose fibers influences the hue of the ink composition, residual color may become large in the decolored state, and the color of the ink composition may be visible even in the decolored state.
- the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers are dispersed in water, and the average fiber width of the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers is within the above range. Preferably within.
- the average fiber width of the fine cellulose fibers is less than 0.5 nm, the fine cellulose fibers will be dissolved in water as molecules, making it difficult to exhibit the physical properties (strength, rigidity, or dimensional stability) of the fine cellulose fibers.
- it exceeds 500 nm it cannot be called a fine cellulose fiber, but is just a fiber contained in ordinary pulp, so it is difficult to obtain the physical properties (transparency, strength, rigidity, or dimensional stability) of a fine cellulose fiber. It tends to settle in the ink composition.
- thickeners such as fine cellulose and/or xanthan gum have been used to increase the viscosity of inks.
- thickeners such as fine cellulose and/or xanthan gum have been used to increase the viscosity of inks.
- this makes it possible to suppress agglomeration and/or sedimentation of the colorant, such high viscosity ink is limited in the writing instruments to which it can be applied.
- ink compositions using sulfate-esterified fine cellulose fibers tend to form a dense network structure due to interaction between the fibers, resulting in lower viscosity than ink compositions using conventional thickeners alone.
- the colorant can be stably retained for a long period of time.
- the sulfuric acid esterified fine cellulose fiber exhibits a rheology control effect different from that of conventional thickeners, and has the effect of improving the dispersion stability of the colorant over time.
- the viscosity can be lower than that of conventional ink compositions using a thickener alone, the ink ejection performance of writing instruments containing this ink composition is improved, and writing defects such as smearing are suppressed.
- the handwriting feels good, and the handwriting has excellent color development.
- a writing instrument ballpoint pen
- the average fiber width of the sulfuric acid esterified fine cellulose fibers is larger than 30 nm, the aspect ratio tends to decrease, making it difficult for fibers to interact with each other. Furthermore, when the average fiber width is larger than 30 nm, it approaches 1/10 of the wavelength of visible light, and when other additives are blended into the ink composition, visible light is likely to be refracted and scattered at the interface. Light scattering occurs and transparency tends to decrease. Therefore, the average fiber width of the sulfate-esterified fine cellulose fibers is preferably in the range of 2 to 30 nm, more preferably 2 to 20 nm, and even more preferably 2 to 10 nm, from the viewpoint of handleability and transparency.
- the average fiber width of the sulfuric acid esterified fine cellulose fibers is preferably 20 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less. If the average fiber width is adjusted to 10 nm or less, the scattering of visible light can be further reduced, resulting in sulfate-esterified fine cellulose fibers with high transparency, which can be used in ink compositions containing sulfate-esterified fine cellulose fibers. Inadvertent color changes can be suppressed. Also, from the viewpoint of suppressing sagging, a higher effect is exhibited when the average fiber width is 30 nm or less.
- the average fiber width of sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers can be determined by dispersing sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers in a solvent such as pure water, preparing a mixed solution to a predetermined concentration, and dispersing this mixed solution with polyethyleneimine (PEI). It can be measured by performing spin coating on a silica substrate coated with and observing the sulfated cellulose fibers on this silica substrate. As an observation method, a scanning probe microscope (for example, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, product name: SPM-9700) can be used.
- the average fiber width of the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers can be determined by randomly selecting 20 sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers in the obtained observation image, and measuring and averaging the width of each fiber.
- the amount of sulfo groups ((-SO 3 ⁇ ), including the sulfo groups contained in the sulfate ester group (-O—SO 3 ⁇ )) introduced into the sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber can be expressed as the amount of sulfur introduced.
- the amount to be introduced is not particularly limited as long as transparency and dispersibility can be maintained to some extent.
- the amount of sulfur introduced per 1 g (mass) of sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber is preferably higher than 0.42 mmol/g, more preferably higher than 0.42 mmol/g and 9.9 mmol/g or less, even more preferably The range is from 0.50 to 9.9 mmol/g, particularly preferably from 0.60 to 9.9 mmol/g.
- the amount of sulfur introduced per 1 g (mass) of sulfuric acid esterified cellulose fiber is 0.42 mmol/g or less, the hydrogen bond between the fibers is strong and dispersibility tends to decrease.
- the amount of sulfur introduced is higher than 0.42 mmol/g, the dispersibility can be easily improved, and if the amount is 0.50 mmol/g or more, the electronic repulsion can be further strengthened. This makes it easier to maintain a stable state.
- the amount of sulfur introduced approaches 9.9 mmol/g, there is a concern that crystallinity will decrease, and the cost of introducing sulfur also tends to increase. Therefore, the amount of sulfur introduced into the sulfuric acid esterified fine cellulose fibers is preferably adjusted to fall within the above range.
- the amount of sulfur introduced into the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers is preferably higher than 0.42 mmol/g and 3.0 mmol/g or less, from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the fine fibers constituting the sulfate-esterified pulp fibers.
- the range is preferably 0.50 to 3.0 mmol/g, more preferably 0.50 to 2.0 mmol/g. Also, from the viewpoint of transparency of the sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber, it is preferable to adjust it to the same range as the above range.
- the amount of sulfur introduced into the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers can be determined by burning a predetermined amount of the sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers and measuring the sulfur content contained in the combustion material using a combustion ion chromatograph in accordance with IEC62321. I can do it.
- the average fiber length and average fiber width of the sulfated cellulose fibers are adjusted so that the fibers can easily interact with each other and can easily obtain transparency when dispersed in water.
- the thickness is not particularly limited.
- the average fiber length of sulfated cellulose fibers can be indirectly expressed by the degree of polymerization.
- the degree of polymerization is preferably 30 or more, more preferably 40 to 1,000, and even more preferably 40 to 700.
- the degree of polymerization of the sulfated cellulose fiber is lower than 30, interaction between the fibers becomes difficult to occur due to a decrease in fiber length.
- the degree of polymerization of the sulfated cellulose fiber exceeds 1,000, the dispersibility tends to be low, and the viscosity of the slurry when formed into a slurry becomes too high, resulting in low dispersion stability. Therefore, the degree of polymerization of the sulfated cellulose fibers is preferably adjusted to fall within the above range.
- the degree of polymerization is preferably adjusted to 1000 or less, more preferably 700 or less. It is preferable to adjust so that
- the method for measuring the degree of polymerization is not particularly limited, it can be measured, for example, by the copper ethylene diamine method.
- the degree of polymerization of the sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber can be measured by dissolving the sulfate-esterified cellulose fiber in a 0.5M copper ethylene diamine solution and measuring the viscosity of the solution using a viscosity method.
- a fine fiber sheet can be obtained by filtering and removing the solvent from moist sulfated cellulose fibers using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the average fiber length can also be determined by freeze-drying in liquid nitrogen, performing SEM observation, and calculating the average value of the fiber lengths of the 50 observed fibers.
- the haze value of a dispersion liquid in which sulfated cellulose fibers are dispersed to a predetermined concentration can be measured as follows. First, a dispersion liquid is prepared in which sulfated cellulose fibers are dispersed in a water-soluble solvent so that the solid content concentration is 0.1 to 20% by mass. If the haze value of such a dispersion is 20% or less, it can be said that the sulfated cellulose fiber is in a state where it can exhibit transparency with little turbidity. Conversely, if the haze value of the dispersion liquid prepared so that the solid content concentration falls within the above range is higher than 20%, it can be said that it is difficult to exhibit appropriate transparency.
- a dispersion containing sulfated cellulose fibers is prepared to have a solid content concentration of 0.2 to 0.5% by mass, if the haze value of this dispersion is 20% or less, turbidity will occur. It can be said that this is a state in which low transparency can be properly exhibited.
- the haze value is more preferably 15% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less. It is.
- sulfate esterified cellulose fibers should be prepared so that the haze value of the dispersion liquid prepared to have a solid content concentration of 0.1 to 20% by mass is 20% or less.
- the content is preferably adjusted to 15% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less.
- the water-soluble solvent is not particularly limited, but for example, in addition to water alone, alcohols, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, ethers, amides, etc. may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the haze value can be measured using, for example, a spectroscopic haze meter or spectrophotometer based on JIS K 7105.
- a spectroscopic haze meter or spectrophotometer based on JIS K 7105.
- sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers are dispersed in the above-mentioned dispersion liquid to a predetermined solid content concentration, and this dispersion liquid is measured using a spectroscopic hazemeter or spectrophotometer in accordance with JIS K 7105. , the haze value of sulfated cellulose fibers can be determined.
- an integrating sphere [manufactured by JASCO Corporation, product name: ISN-470] was attached to a spectrophotometer [manufactured by JASCO Corporation, product name: 0V-570], and the haze value was measured. It is obtained by referring to JIS K 7105, using a quartz cell filled with pure water as a blank measurement value, and measuring the light transmittance of a 0.5% by mass sulfated cellulose fiber dispersion. Note that the measurement wavelength range was 380 to 780 nm.
- the method for producing sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers is not particularly limited, and for example, known production methods described in JP 2019-11411 A, Patent No. 6582111, Patent No. 6797215, etc. can be applied.
- a pulp fiber raw material containing cellulose such as wood is mixed with a reaction solution in which a sulfonating agent such as sulfamic acid and urea or/and its derivatives are dissolved in water.
- Sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers can be produced by making them into fine fibers (refining treatment step).
- sulfated esterified fine cellulose fibers having an average fiber width on the nano-order can be efficiently produced, and therefore it is particularly suitable.
- the blending ratio of the sulfated cellulose fibers is not particularly limited, but the sulfated cellulose fibers are preferably 0.01 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 1% by mass in the total amount of the ink composition. It is blended within the range of %. If it is less than 0.01% by mass, it is difficult to obtain the desired effect of stably retaining the colorant in a dispersed state, and it is also difficult to obtain the desired effect of preventing sagging. On the other hand, even if the amount exceeds 3% by mass, it is difficult to improve the dispersion stability effect. Further, even if the amount exceeds 3% by mass, the effect of preventing sagging cannot be improved, so there is no need to add more than that amount.
- the average particle diameter of the colorant is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 20 ⁇ m. When the average particle diameter of the colorant is within the above range, the dispersion stability in the ink composition is excellent, and handwriting of a desired color can be easily obtained.
- the average particle diameter determines the particle area using image analysis particle size distribution measurement software [manufactured by Mountech Co., Ltd., product name: Macview], and calculate the projected area circle equivalent diameter from the area of the particle area. (Heywood diameter) is calculated, and the value is measured as the average particle diameter of particles equivalent to an equal-volume sphere based on the calculated value.
- particle size distribution analyzer manufactured by Beckman Coulter Co., Ltd., product name: Multisizer 4e
- a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring device manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., product name: LA- 300] to measure the volume-based particle diameter and average particle diameter.
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a colorant having a relatively large average particle diameter, such as a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment and/or a reversible photochromic microcapsule pigment, and a glitter pigment (hereinafter referred to as It is also possible to apply colorants (sometimes referred to as "large particle size colorants"). Colorants with large average particle diameters tend to settle in the ink composition over time and may have poor dispersion stability. In particular, when the ink composition has a low viscosity, the dispersion stability tends to be even worse.
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention can suppress sedimentation of the large-particle colorant over time, and the large-particle colorant can be dispersed well. Demonstrates stability. Furthermore, when using sulfate-esterified fine cellulose fibers, the large particle size colorant can be stably dispersed over a long period of time while the ink composition has a low viscosity.
- the glittering pigment is not particularly limited as long as it is a pigment that exhibits glittering properties by reflecting light.
- it can be a pigment of natural origin such as fish scale foil, or a transparent base material made of a metal oxide or metal. Examples include pigments coated with and metal pigments.
- pigments in which a transparent base material is coated with a metal oxide include materials selected from natural mica, synthetic mica, flat glass (flake glass), silica flakes, flaky aluminum oxide, etc.
- An example is one whose surface is coated with a metal oxide.
- metal oxides include oxides of titanium, zirconia, chromium, vanadium, iron, etc., with titanium oxide being preferred.
- the layer of metal oxide such as titanium oxide may be further coated with iron oxide and/or a non-discoloring coloring agent such as a general dye or pigment.
- Pigments in which a transparent base material is coated with a metal oxide also include pearl pigments and cholesteric liquid crystal pigments.
- pigments in which a transparent base material is coated with metal include glass flakes coated with silver, glass flakes coated with gold, and glass flakes coated with nickel chromium molybdenum. Examples include glass flakes coated with brass, glass flakes coated with a silver alloy, and glass flakes coated with titanium.
- a pigment in which a transparent base material is coated with metal can be obtained, for example, by coating glass flakes with metal by electroless plating, sputtering, or the like.
- An example of the metal pigment is an aluminum powder pigment.
- An example of the aluminum powder pigment is one obtained by grinding and polishing aluminum pieces in a ball mill together with a higher fatty acid or a petroleum solvent such as mineral spirit.
- Such aluminum powder pigments are very thin scale-like aluminum fine particles, and those obtained in the form of a paste can be used. Alternatively, it may be finely ground aluminum in the form of a thin film obtained by vacuum evaporation.
- the average particle size of the reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment or the reversible photochromic microcapsule pigment is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m. .
- the average particle diameter exceeds 5 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to obtain good ink discharge properties when used in writing instruments.
- the average particle diameter is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult for handwriting to exhibit high-density color development.
- the average particle diameter of the glitter pigment is preferably in the range of 3 to 25 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter exceeds 25 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to obtain good ink discharge properties when used in writing instruments.
- the average particle diameter is less than 3 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult for handwriting to exhibit sufficient glitter.
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention may contain a colorant having a specific gravity of more than 1 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "high specific gravity colorant"). ) can also be applied. That is, embodiments of the present invention may include a colorant with a specific gravity greater than 1 (at least a portion of the colorant may have a specific gravity greater than 1). A colorant having a specific gravity of more than 1 tends to settle in the ink composition over time and may have poor dispersion stability. In particular, when the ink composition has a low viscosity, the dispersion stability tends to be even worse.
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention can suppress sedimentation of the high-density colorant over time, and the high-density colorant has good dispersion stability. play. Furthermore, when using sulfate-esterified fine cellulose fibers, the high-density colorant can be stably dispersed over a long period of time while the ink composition has a low viscosity.
- high-density colorants include inorganic pigments, organic pigments, glitter pigments, microcapsule pigments or resin particles using these, reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigments with a large hysteresis width ( ⁇ H), and the like.
- organic pigments examples include benzidine yellow, permanent red, lake red, Victoria blue lake, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, and aniline black. Specific gravity ranges from 1.2 to 2.9.
- inorganic pigments examples include carbon black, ultramarine blue, rutile type/anatase type titanium oxide, and the like.
- the specific gravity of carbon black and ultramarine blue is in the range of 1.4 to 5.5, and that of titanium oxide is in the range of 3.7 to 4.2.
- the glittering pigment examples include pigments obtained by coating the above-mentioned transparent base material with metal oxides or metals, metal pigments, and the like.
- the specific gravity of pigments in which a transparent base material is coated with a metal oxide is in the range of 2.8 to 3.2 for pearlescent pigments, and in the range of 1.1 to 1.5 for cholesteric liquid crystal pigments.
- the specific gravity of the pigment, which is a transparent substrate coated with metal is in the range of 3.0 to 3.4.
- the specific gravity of the metal pigment ranges from 2.5 to 9.0.
- Reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigments with a large hysteresis width often use a compound having two or more aromatic rings in the molecule as component (C), and tend to have a large specific gravity.
- the specific gravity of the reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment is influenced by the particle size, the components and their content contained in the microcapsules, the components and thickness of the capsule wall film, the coloring state of the microcapsule pigment, and the temperature. be.
- the specific gravity of the reversibly thermochromic microcapsule pigment is preferably 1 when the microcapsule pigment is in a fully colored state and water is used as a reference substance in an environment of 20°C. It is in the range of .05 to 1.20, more preferably 1.10 to 1.20, even more preferably 1.12 to 1.15. Note that the specific gravity of the reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment can be measured by the following method.
- thermochromic microcapsule pigment (Method for measuring specific gravity of reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment) 1. 30 ml of an aqueous glycerin solution and 1 g of a fully colored reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment are placed in a screw tube bottle and mixed to prepare a microcapsule pigment dispersion. 2. The temperature of 30 ml of the microcapsule pigment dispersion is adjusted to 20° C., and the mixture is centrifuged at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. In addition, as a centrifuge, a refrigerated tabletop centrifuge [manufactured by Kokusan Co., Ltd., product name: H103N] can be used. 3. Observe the microcapsule pigment dispersion.
- microcapsule pigment has precipitated at the bottom of the beaker, perform steps 1 and 2 again using an aqueous solution with a higher glycerin concentration than the aqueous glycerin solution used at this time, and observe the state of the dispersion. If it is confirmed that most of the microcapsule pigment is floating on the liquid surface, repeat steps 1 and 2 using an aqueous solution with a lower glycerin concentration than the one used at this time, and observe the state of the dispersion. . In the above series of operations, most of the microcapsule pigment is not floating on the liquid surface or precipitated, but the area other than the liquid surface of the glycerin aqueous solution and the bottom of the screw tube bottle is uniformly colored.
- the specific gravity of the glycerin aqueous solution is measured and taken as the specific gravity of the reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment.
- the specific gravity of the glycerin aqueous solution can be measured by the float method described in JIS K0061 Section 7.1 using an aqueous solution whose temperature is controlled to 20°C.
- the specific gravity of the high specific gravity colorant is preferably in the range of 1.01 to 5.00, more preferably in the range of 1.05 to 4.50.
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention may also contain a thickener.
- a thickener By using sulfated cellulose fibers and a thickener together, the viscosity is lower than that of conventional ink compositions using only a thickener, and the colorant remains stably dispersed for a long period of time. can be retained.
- the thickener it is preferable to use a substance that can impart shear thinning properties to the ink composition (shear thinning properties imparting agent).
- An ink composition using a shear thinning agent has a high viscosity and is difficult to flow when it is left at rest or under low stress, and easily lowers its viscosity when external stress is applied. Therefore, when not writing, it is possible to prevent ink from leaking, separating and backflowing the ink, and when writing, it is easy to improve the stability of ink discharge from the pen tip.
- the proportion of the thickener is not particularly limited, but the proportion of the thickener in the total amount of the ink composition is preferably 0.1 to It is blended in a range of 20% by mass.
- shear thinning agents include water-soluble polysaccharides, polymers with a molecular weight of 100,000 to 150,000 whose main component is an alkyl ester of methacrylic acid, crosslinked poly-N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide, benzylidene sorbitol, and its like. derivative, benzylidene xylitol and its derivatives, alkali-thickened acrylic resin, cross-linked acrylic acid polymer, inorganic fine particles, nonionic surfactant with HLB value of 8 to 12, and metal salt or amine salt of dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid. Examples include one or more selected from the group.
- the shear thinning property of an ink refers to the rheological property that when it is at rest or when stress is low, it has a high viscosity and is difficult to flow, but when stress increases, the viscosity decreases and shows good fluidity, and it is called thixotropy. It means fluidity, which is also called plasticity or pseudoplasticity.
- the proportion of the shear-thinning agent is not particularly limited, but the shear-thinning agent may be included in the total amount of the ink composition. It is preferably blended in an amount of 0.05 to 1% by mass.
- water-soluble polysaccharides examples include xanthan gum, welan gum, zetasea gum, diutan gum, macrohomopsis gum, and succinoglycan (for example, succinoglycan, which is an organic acid-modified heteropolysaccharide whose constituent monosaccharides are glucose and galactose (average molecular weight (approximately 1 million to 8 million)), guar gum, locust bean gum and its derivatives, alginate alkyl esters, glucomannan, agar, carrageenan, and other carbohydrates with gelling ability extracted from seaweed.
- succinoglycan which is an organic acid-modified heteropolysaccharide whose constituent monosaccharides are glucose and galactose (average molecular weight (approximately 1 million to 8 million)
- guar gum locust bean gum and its derivatives
- alginate alkyl esters glucomannan
- agar agar
- water-soluble cellulose derivatives including hydroxyethyl cellulose may originally belong to water-soluble polysaccharides, but in the present disclosure, water-soluble cellulose derivatives including hydroxyethyl cellulose are classified as water-soluble polysaccharides (i.e., shear thinning agents). It does not belong to , but belongs to the polymer flocculants described below.
- Xanthan gum or succinoglycan is preferable as the thickener (shear thinning agent) to be used in combination with the sulfated cellulose fibers, since it can improve the dispersion stability of the colorant.
- shear thinning agent One type of shear thinning agent or a combination of two or more types can be used.
- a polymer flocculant can also be blended into the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the colorant forms loose aggregates through the polymer flocculant, and the colorants are prevented from coming into contact with each other and agglomerating, thereby improving the dispersibility of the colorant. Improved.
- the colorant can be stably retained in the ink composition, so the amount of sulfate-esterified cellulose fibers in the ink composition can be reduced. can do.
- the blending ratio of the polymer flocculant is not particularly limited, but the polymer flocculant is preferably 0% in the total amount of the ink composition. It is blended in a range of .05 to 1% by mass.
- polymer flocculants examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, water-soluble cellulose derivatives, and the like.
- water-soluble cellulose derivatives include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
- a lubricant can also be blended into the ink composition.
- the lubricant improves the lubricity between the ball receiving seat provided inside the tip body and the ball provided at the front end of the tip body, making it easier to prevent wear on the ball receiving seat and improving the writing feel. It is something that can be done.
- lubricants include higher fatty acids such as oleic acid; nonionic surfactants having long-chain alkyl groups; polyether-modified silicone oil; tri(alkoxycarbonyl methyl ester) thiophosphite and tri(thiophosphite).
- thiophosphite triesters such as alkoxycarbonylethyl ester
- phosphoric acid monoesters of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers phosphoric acid diesters of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, or , phosphoric acid ester surfactants such as metal salts, ammonium salts, amine salts, and alkanolamine salts of these phosphoric acid esters.
- metal soap polyalkylene glycol fatty acid ester, ethylene oxide addition type cationic surfactant, ⁇ -alanine type surfactant, N-acylamino acid, N-acylmethyltaurine, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4- Thiadiazole and its salts or oligomers, 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, thiocarbamate, dimethyldithiocarbamate, ⁇ -lipoic acid, N-acyl-L-glutamic acid and L-lysine Condensates and salts thereof may also be used.
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention may contain a water-soluble organic solvent, a dispersant, a water-soluble resin, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, a rust preventive, a preservative or a fungicide, and a moisturizing agent, as necessary.
- Various additives such as a foam absorber, an antifoaming agent, a specific gravity regulator, an antioxidant, and an ultraviolet absorber can also be blended. These additives can be selected from those conventionally applied to water-based inks and used as appropriate.
- the coloring agent is a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment or a reversible photochromic microcapsule pigment, or a reversible thermochromic resin particle or a reversible photochromic resin particle
- a non-chromatic colorant such as a general dye or pigment
- an ink composition exhibiting color change behavior from colored (1) to colored (2) can also be obtained.
- the method for producing the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method can be used.
- the ink composition is prepared by stirring a mixture of the above-mentioned components with various stirrers such as propeller stirring, homodisper, or homomixer, or by dispersing with various dispersion machines such as bead mills. can manufacture things.
- the viscosity thereof is preferably 1 to 1 when measured at a rotation speed of 1 rpm (shear rate of 3.84 sec -1 ) in an environment of 20°C. It is in the range of 2000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 3 to 1500 mPa ⁇ s, still more preferably 5 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s. Furthermore, when measured at a rotation speed of 100 rpm (shear rate 384 sec -1 ) in an environment of 20°C, it is preferably 1 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 3 to 100 mPa ⁇ s, and still more preferably 5 to 50 mPa ⁇ s. s range.
- the stability of the ink composition and the free flowability of the ink composition within the mechanism of the ballpoint pen can be maintained at a high level.
- the viscosity of the ink composition was measured using a rheometer [manufactured by TA Instruments, product name: Discovery HR-2, cone plate (diameter 40 mm, angle 1°)] by placing the ink in an environment of 20°C. , a rotation speed of 1 rpm (shear rate 3.84 sec ⁇ 1 ), or a rotation speed of 100 rpm (shear rate 384 sec ⁇ 1 ).
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is used for a marking pen, its viscosity is preferably 1 to 30 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 ⁇ 20 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity is within the above range, the stability and fluidity of the ink composition can be maintained at a high level.
- the viscosity of the ink composition was measured using an E-type rotational viscometer [manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd., product name: RE-85L, cone rotor: standard type (1°34' x R24)]. This is a value measured with the composition placed in an environment at 20°C.
- the pH of the ink composition according to embodiments of the invention preferably ranges from 6 to 10, more preferably from 7 to 9. When the pH is within the above range, excessive increase in viscosity and deterioration of the ink composition can be suppressed.
- the pH of the ink composition is a value measured using a pH meter [manufactured by DKK Toa Co., Ltd., product name: IM-40S] with the ink placed in an environment at 20°C.
- Examples of the writing instrument in which the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is stored include various writing instruments such as a ballpoint pen, a marking pen, a fountain pen, a brush pen, and a calligraphy pen.
- the structure and shape of the ballpoint pen itself are not particularly limited. It is used as
- a ballpoint pen tip consists of a tip body and a ball provided at the front end of the tip body.
- a ballpoint pen tip is a tip in which a ball is held in a ball holding part where the tip of the tip body made of a metal pipe is deformed by pressing inward from the outer surface, or a tip made of a metal pipe with a ball held in the tip body.
- An example is one in which a spring body urges forward.
- the material of the chip body and the ball is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cemented carbide (carbide), stainless steel, ruby, ceramic, resin, and rubber. Furthermore, the ball can also be subjected to surface treatment such as DLC coating.
- the diameter of the ball is generally 0.1-3 mm or 0.2-3 mm, 0.1-2 mm, 0.2-2 mm, 0.2-1.5 mm, 0.2-1.2 mm. , 0.2 to 1 mm, and 0.28 to 1 mm are preferred in this order.
- the ballpoint pen tip has a resilient member inside the tip that springs the rear end of the ball forward, so that when not writing, the ball is pressed against the inner edge of the tip tip to maintain a close contact state, and when writing, the ball is pressed against the inner edge of the tip, and when writing, the ball is It can also be configured to allow ink to flow out by retracting the ink, thereby suppressing ink leakage when not in use.
- the resilient member examples include a thin metal wire spring, a spring with a straight part (rod part) at one end of the spring, and a processed linear plastic body, and is configured to be able to be pressed with a resilient force of 5 to 40 g. Applicable.
- the ink filling mechanism is an ink container that can be directly filled with ink.
- the ink container may be a molded body made of thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or nylon, or a metal tubular body.
- a ballpoint pen refill (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "refill") can be formed by connecting a ballpoint pen tip to the ink container directly or via a connecting member and directly filling the ink container with ink. can.
- a ballpoint pen can be formed by housing this refill in the barrel.
- An ink backflow prevention body is filled at the rear end of the ink filled in the ink container.
- the ink backflow preventer include a liquid stopper or a solid stopper.
- the liquid stopper consists of a non-volatile liquid and/or a slightly volatile liquid, such as petrolatum, spindle oil, castor oil, olive oil, refined mineral oil, liquid paraffin, polybutene, ⁇ -olefin, oligomer or cooligomer of ⁇ -olefin, dimethyl Examples include silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, amino-modified silicone oil, polyether-modified silicone oil, and fatty acid-modified silicone oil.
- the non-volatile liquid and/or the hardly volatile liquid can be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
- thickener it is preferable to add a thickener to the non-volatile liquid and/or the slightly volatile liquid to thicken it to a suitable viscosity.
- thickeners include silica with a hydrophobically treated surface, fine particle silica with a methylated surface, aluminum silicate, swelling mica, clay-based thickeners such as hydrophobically treated bentonite and montmorillonite; magnesium stearate.
- fatty acid metal soaps such as calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, and zinc stearate
- dextrin-based compounds such as tribenzylidene sorbitol, fatty acid amide, amide-modified polyethylene wax, hydrogenated castor oil, and fatty acid dextrin
- cellulose-based compounds e.g., cellulose-based compounds.
- solid plugs examples include solid plugs made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, and the like.
- a solid stopper and the liquid stopper described above can also be used in combination.
- a ballpoint pen equipped with a ballpoint pen tip and an ink filling mechanism further includes an ink supply mechanism for supplying the ink filled in the ink filling mechanism to the pen tip. may be provided.
- the ink supply mechanism is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, (1) a mechanism that includes an ink guide core made of a fiber bundle or the like as an ink flow rate regulator and supplies ink to the pen tip through this intervening mechanism; ) A mechanism that includes a comb groove-shaped ink flow rate regulator and supplies ink to the pen tip through this intervening mechanism; (3) A large number of disc bodies are arranged in parallel with comb groove-shaped intervals, and the disc bodies are arranged in parallel in the axial direction. A slit-shaped ink guide groove running vertically through the pen core and a ventilation groove wider than the groove are provided, and an ink guide core for guiding ink from the ink filling mechanism to the pen tip is arranged at the axis of the pen core. Examples include a mechanism that supplies ink to the pen tip.
- the material of the pen core is not particularly limited as long as it is a synthetic resin that can be injection molded into a comb-like structure with a large number of discs.
- Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin) is preferably used because it has high moldability and can easily obtain pen core performance.
- the structure of the ballpoint pen that accommodates the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention includes (1) an ink container filled with ink in the barrel, and the ink container is provided with a direct or connecting member; (2) A ballpoint pen whose end face is filled with an ink backflow preventer; (2) A ballpoint pen whose barrel is directly filled with ink and a comb-shaped ink flow regulator, or a fiber bundle, etc. (3) A ballpoint pen equipped with a mechanism for supplying ink to the nib by interposing an ink guide core made of An example is a ballpoint pen, etc., which is equipped with a mechanism for supplying ink to the pen tip.
- the structure and shape of the marking pen itself are not particularly limited.
- a marking pen refill including a marking pen tip and an ink filling mechanism is used. Or it can be used by filling it into a marking pen.
- a porous material with continuous pores selected from a conventional general-purpose material with a porosity in the range of 30 to 70%, such as a resin-processed fiber, a fusion-processed heat-fusible fiber, a felt material, etc.
- a resin-processed fiber such as a resin-processed fiber, a fusion-processed heat-fusible fiber, a felt material, etc.
- An example is a member or an extrusion molded body of synthetic resin having a plurality of ink outlet holes extending in the axial direction, and one end can be processed into a shape according to the purpose such as a bullet shape, a rectangular shape, a chisel shape, etc. and used for practical use. be done.
- the ink filling mechanism is an ink storage body that can be filled with ink.
- the ink occlusion body is a fiber bundle in which crimped fibers are bundled in the longitudinal direction.
- the ink storage body is a fiber bundle in which crimped fibers are bundled in the longitudinal direction, and the porosity is adjusted to a range of approximately 40 to 90% by incorporating it into a plastic cylinder or a covering such as a film. configured.
- a marking pen is formed by accommodating an ink absorbing body impregnated with ink in the barrel, and connecting the marking pen tip to the barrel directly or through a connecting member so as to be connected to the ink absorbing body. be able to.
- the marking pen refill can be made by accommodating an ink storage body impregnated with ink in the ink storage body, and connecting the marking pen tip to the ink storage body directly or through a connecting member. (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a "refill") can be formed.
- a marking pen can be formed by housing this refill in a barrel.
- the ink container for example, a molded body made of a thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or nylon, or a metal tubular body is used.
- a thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or nylon
- the marking pen equipped with a marking pen tip and an ink filling mechanism may further include an ink supply mechanism for supplying the ink composition to be filled in the ink filling mechanism to the pen tip.
- the ink supply mechanism is not particularly limited, and for example, in addition to the ink supply mechanism included in the ballpoint pen described above, it may include (4) an ink flow rate regulator using a valve mechanism, and ink is supplied to the pen tip by opening the valve.
- Examples include mechanisms that The valve mechanism can be of a conventionally general-purpose pumping type that opens by pressing the tip, and is preferably set to a spring pressure that allows the valve to be opened by pressure from a pen.
- an ink storage body that can be directly filled with ink can be used as the ink filling mechanism.
- the barrel itself may be used as an ink filling mechanism to directly fill ink.
- the configuration of the marking pen that accommodates the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: (1) An ink storage body made of a fiber bundle impregnated with ink is housed in the barrel, and capillary gaps are formed. (2) A marking pen in which a marking pen tip made of a fiber processed body or a resin molded body is connected to a barrel directly or through a connecting member so that the ink storage body and the tip are connected to the barrel; (2) a barrel; A marking pen that is directly filled with ink and has a mechanism for supplying ink to the pen tip via a comb-shaped ink flow regulator or an ink guide core made of a fiber bundle as an ink flow regulator.
- a marking pen that is equipped with a mechanism in which the barrel is directly filled with ink and that supplies ink to the nib via the above-mentioned pen core; (4) a marking pen that is equipped with a mechanism that supplies ink to the nib through the tip;
- An example is a marking pen that is equipped with a tip and an ink container, and the ink container is directly filled with ink.
- the ink is stirred in the ink container or barrel filled with ink in order to facilitate redispersion of the colorant.
- a stirring body such as a stirring ball.
- the shape of the stirring body include a spherical body and a rod-shaped body.
- the material of the stirring body is not particularly limited, and examples include metal, ceramic, resin, and glass.
- a writing instrument such as a ballpoint pen or a marking pen according to an embodiment of the present invention can also be in the form of an ink cartridge as a removable structure. In this case, after the ink stored in the ink cartridge of the writing instrument is used up, the writing instrument can be used again by replacing it with a new ink cartridge.
- the ink cartridge used is one that doubles as a barrel that constitutes the writing instrument by being connected to the writing instrument body, or one that covers and protects the barrel (rear barrel) after being connected to the writing instrument body.
- a writing instrument in which the writing instrument body and ink cartridge are connected before use, and the user of the writing instrument can use it by connecting the ink cartridge in the barrel at the time of use. It may be any of those that are housed in the shaft cylinder in an unconnected state so as to start.
- a writing instrument such as a ballpoint pen or a marking pen according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a cap that is attached to cover the pen tip (writing tip) to make it a cap-type writing instrument, so that the writing tip is not contaminated or damaged. This can be prevented. Furthermore, a writing instrument such as a ballpoint pen or a marking pen in which a refill is housed in the barrel can be made into a retractable writing instrument by providing a retractable mechanism in the barrel that allows the writing tip to retract from the barrel. , it is possible to prevent the writing tip from being contaminated or damaged. Since the pen tip of a retractable writing instrument (for example, a retractable ballpoint pen) is always exposed to the outside air, the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is particularly effective.
- Any retractable writing instrument can be used as long as the writing tip is housed in the barrel with the writing tip exposed to the outside air, and the writing tip protrudes from the barrel opening by the operation of the retractable mechanism.
- an operating section (clip) that can be moved in the front-rear direction from the rear side wall of the barrel is protruded radially outward, and by sliding the operating section forward, the front end of the barrel can be moved.
- a rear end knock that makes the writing tip come out and go out from the opening at the front end of the barrel by pushing forward the operating section provided at the rear end of the barrel.
- a side-knock-type ejection mechanism that causes the writing tip to protrude and retract from the front end opening of the barrel by pressing an operating part protruding from the outer surface of the side wall of the barrel in the radial direction; (4) a shaft;
- An example is a rotary ejection mechanism that causes the writing tip to protrude and retract from the front end opening of the barrel by rotating an operating section at the rear of the barrel.
- ballpoint pens and marking pens is not limited to the above-mentioned configurations; they may be equipped with tips of different shapes, tips that derive ink of different tones or hues, or tips of different shapes may be installed. Additionally, it may be a composite writing instrument (double-ended type, pen-tip type, etc.) in which the tone or hue of the ink derived from each tip is different.
- the writing instrument containing the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is a writing instrument (ballpoint pen) equipped with a ballpoint pen tip as a pen point. Since the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention has a high viscosity when left standing without being subjected to shear stress, the ink composition is stably retained in the ballpoint pen, and the dispersion stability of the colorant is good. During writing, strong shear stress is applied to the ink composition due to the rotation of the ball, and the ink composition near the ball is more likely to have a lower viscosity, resulting in good ink ejection stability.
- a writing instrument ballpoint pen
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is suitably used for ballpoint pens because writing defects such as blurring and/or line skipping are suppressed, the writing feeling is good, and the color development of handwriting is excellent.
- the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is suitably used in a ballpoint pen because the ballpoint pen tip has poor ink retention ability at the nib and tends to sag.
- thermochromic microcapsule pigment or reversible thermochromic resin particles as a coloring agent
- handwriting formed on a writing surface using a writing instrument containing an ink composition according to an embodiment of the present invention will be similar to that of a finger.
- Discoloration can be caused by rubbing with a heating tool and/or cooling tool.
- heating tools include electrical heating discoloration tools equipped with resistance heating elements such as PTC elements, heat discoloration tools filled with a medium such as hot water, heat discoloration tools using steam and laser light, hair dryers, etc.
- resistance heating elements such as PTC elements
- heat discoloration tools filled with a medium such as hot water
- heat discoloration tools using steam and laser light etc.
- friction members and friction bodies are preferable because they can be changed in color by a simple method.
- cooling device examples include an energized cold discoloration device using a Peltier element, a cold discoloration device filled with a refrigerant such as cold water and ice chips, a cold storage agent, and applications for refrigerators and freezers.
- an elastic body such as an elastomer or a plastic foam that has a rich elastic feel and can generate moderate friction and generate frictional heat during rubbing
- plastic molded bodies, stones, wood, Metal, cloth, etc. can also be used.
- the handwriting may be rubbed using a general eraser used for erasing pencil handwriting, but since eraser scum is generated during rubbing, the above-mentioned friction member and the above-mentioned friction member that hardly generate eraser scum are used.
- a friction body is preferably used.
- Examples of the material for the friction member and the friction body include silicone resin, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS resin), and the like. Silicone resin tends to adhere to areas erased by rubbing, and handwriting tends to be repelled when written repeatedly, so SEBS resin is more preferably used.
- SEBS resin styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer
- the above-mentioned friction member or friction body may be a member of any shape separate from the writing instrument, but by providing it on the writing instrument, it can be made excellent in portability. Furthermore, a writing instrument set can be obtained by combining a writing instrument and a friction member or friction body of an arbitrary shape that is separate from the writing instrument.
- the friction member or the location where the friction body is provided is not particularly limited.
- the cap itself may be formed from a friction member
- the barrel itself may be formed from a friction member
- a clip may be provided.
- the clip itself may be formed of a friction member, or a friction member or a friction body may be provided at the tip (top) of the cap, the rear end of the barrel (the portion where the writing tip is not provided), or the like.
- the friction member or the location where the friction body is provided is not particularly limited.
- the barrel itself is formed of a friction member, or if a clip is further provided, the clip itself is made of a friction member. It may be formed of a member, or a friction member or a friction body may be provided near the opening of the barrel, at the rear end of the barrel (the part where the writing tip is not provided), or at the knock portion.
- Example 1 shows that the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention and the writing instrument containing the same are resistant to aggregation and/or sedimentation of the colorant over time and can form good handwriting. .
- ink composition (Example 1-1) 30 parts of blue pigment aqueous dispersion (Pigment Blue 15:3) (solid content: 20%, average particle size: 0.2 ⁇ m), 0.08 part of sulfated cellulose fiber A, and shear thinning agent (xanthan gum) 0.12 part of Kelzan [manufactured by Sansho Co., Ltd., product name], 0.5 part of surfactant [product name: PRICERF AL, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.], and 1 part of triethanolamine. , 10 parts of diethylene glycol, 5 parts of glycerin, and 53.3 parts of water were mixed to prepare an ink composition.
- Example 1-1 Production of writing implements (Example 1-1) The above ink composition was suction-filled into an ink container made of a polypropylene pipe, and then connected via a resin holder to a ballpoint pen tip having a carbide ball with a diameter of 0.5 mm held at the tip. . Next, a viscoelastic ink backflow preventer (liquid plug) containing polybutene as a main component is filled from the rear end of the ink container, and a tail plug is fitted to the rear of the pipe, and deaeration is performed by centrifugation. I did so and got a ballpoint pen refill. Next, the above-mentioned refill was assembled into a barrel to produce a ballpoint pen (retractable ballpoint pen).
- liquid plug viscoelastic ink backflow preventer
- the tip provided in the ballpoint pen refill is stored in the barrel with the tip exposed to the outside air, and the tip is exposed to the outside air and is stored in the barrel, and is operated by a clip-shaped retracting mechanism (slide mechanism) provided on the rear side wall of the barrel. It has a structure in which the tip protrudes from the front end opening of the shaft cylinder.
- Example 1-1 Preparation of ink composition (Examples 1-2 to 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-12)
- the types and amounts of the materials to be blended were changed to those listed in Tables 1 and 2 below. was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- Example 1-1 Production of writing instruments (Examples 1-2 to 1-13 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-9) Writing instruments of Examples 1-2 to 1-13 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-9 were produced in the same manner as Example 1-1.
- Example 1-14 to 1-15 and Comparative Example 1-10) The ink compositions of Examples 1-14 to 1-15 and Comparative Example 1-10 were impregnated into an ink storage body made of a polyester sliver covered with a synthetic resin film, housed in a barrel made of polypropylene resin, and placed in a holder. Assemble a resin-processed pen body (bullet-shaped) made of an extruded polyacetal resin body having multiple ink outlet holes extending in the axial direction to the tip of the barrel via the connecting state, attach the cap, and attach the marking pen ( A cap-type marking pen) was created.
- Examples 1-16 to 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-11 to 1-12 The ink compositions of Examples 1-16 to 1-17 and Comparative Examples 1-11 to 1-12 were impregnated into an ink storage body made of polyester sliver covered with a synthetic resin film, and housed in a barrel made of polypropylene resin. Then, a resin-processed pen body (chisel type) made of polyester fiber was connected to the tip of the barrel via a resin holder, and a cap was attached to produce a marking pen (cap-type marking pen).
- a resin-processed pen body chisel type
- a marking pen cap-type marking pen
- thermochromic microcapsule pigment was prepared as follows.
- component (A) 3 parts of 3',6'-bis[phenyl(3-methylphenyl)amino]spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthene]-3-one;
- component B 3 parts of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethylhexane, 5 parts of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, and as component (C), capric acid.
- thermochromic composition consisting of 50 parts of 4-benzyloxyphenylethyl was added to a mixed solution consisting of 35 parts of an aromatic isocyanate prepolymer as a wall material and 40 parts of a co-solvent, and then 8% polyvinyl alcohol was added. After emulsifying and dispersing the mixture in an aqueous solution and continuing stirring while heating, 2.5 parts of a water-soluble aliphatic modified amine was added and stirring was continued to prepare a microcapsule dispersion. A reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment having an average particle diameter of 1.9 ⁇ m was obtained from the above microcapsule dispersion by centrifugation.
- the reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment had a complete color development temperature t1 of -20°C and a complete color discoloration temperature t4 of 60°C, and changed reversibly from blue to colorless with temperature changes. Furthermore, the fully colored reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment had a specific gravity of 1.08 to 1.09 based on water at 20°C.
- Example 2 shows that the ink composition according to the embodiment of the present invention and the writing instrument containing the same do not sag during long-term storage with the pen tip of the writing instrument facing downward, and are in good condition with no fading or the like. This shows that it is possible to form handwriting.
- Table 5 shows the compositions of the ink compositions of Examples, and Table 6 shows the compositions of the ink compositions of Comparative Examples. Note that the composition values in the table indicate parts by mass.
- each raw material except the shear thinning agent was mixed, and after stirring at 20°C and 1000 rpm in a disper for 1 hour, if it contained a shear thinning agent, it was further added.
- a ballpoint pen ink composition was obtained by stirring for 1 hour.
- the shear thinning agent was used in the form of a pre-vehicle which had been previously dispersed in water.
- the ballpoint pen refill includes: a conically cut ballpoint pen tip rotatably holding a ball at its tip (accommodating a ball pushing spring that bounces the ball forward); a connecting member to which the ballpoint pen tip is fixed to the front part;
- the connecting member is fixed to the opening at the front end and consists of an ink storage tube in which ink and an ink backflow preventer are housed, and a tail plug fixed to the opening at the rear end of the ink storage tube.
- the ink backflow preventer is an ink backflow preventer kneaded using polybutene as a base oil and fatty acid amide as a thickener. Note that a ball with a diameter of 0.5 mm was used as a ballpoint pen refill.
- a sample ballpoint pen was obtained by storing each ballpoint pen refill in a backward biased state by a spring (coil spring) inside a barrel equipped with a clip on the rear outer surface.
- the ballpoint pen is of a retractable type in which the tip of the ballpoint pen protrudes outside from the tip hole of the barrel by knocking the rear end (knock operation part) of the barrel forward.
- Examples 2-11 to 2-13 and Comparative Examples 2-9 to 2-10) The above ink composition is impregnated into an ink absorbing body made of polyester sliver covered with a synthetic resin film, housed in a barrel made of polypropylene resin, and attached to the tip of the barrel via a holder into a plurality of axially extending ink storage bodies.
- a resin-processed pen body (bullet-shaped) made of an extruded polyacetal resin body having ink outlet holes was assembled in a connected state, and a cap was attached to produce a marking pen (cap-type marking pen).
- Dragging test Using each writing instrument, expose the tip from the barrel, hold the tip facing down, and leave it for 20 hours in an atmosphere with a temperature of 20°C and relative humidity of 95% or a temperature of 30°C and relative humidity of 80%. The appearance of the tip tip was visually observed.
- Writing test Each writing instrument that has been confirmed to be writable is placed horizontally for 24 hours in an atmosphere with a temperature of 20°C and a relative humidity of 60% with the tip exposed from the barrel, and then handwritten on JIS P3201 writing paper A. A straight line was drawn with the handwriting, and the condition of the handwriting was visually observed.
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Abstract
Description
これに対して特許文献5では、剪断減粘性付与剤等による粘度調整によらず、結晶セルロースと樹脂粒子を併用して添加することにより、樹脂粒子がインキ中での結晶セルロースの経時的な沈降を抑制すると共に直流防止効果を大きくし、筆記性能を低下させることなく、直流防止効果と経時安定性を高度に両立することができるという技術を開示している。
しかしながら、特許文献5の技術を用いても、前述の不用意なインキ流通路の広がりに対して、又は高温多湿下での保管においては十分な効果が得られずに、インキの垂れ下がりが生じ得ることがわかった。さらに、結晶セルロースは、パルプを原料とし加水分解によりセルロース結晶領域を取り出して精製することで得られる10μm以上の大粒子であるため、筆記具製造時の遠心負荷、及び/又は同一姿勢での長期経時によってペン先側で沈降を生じることがあり、筆記時のインキ流通を妨げるものとなることもわかった。
課題1:経時的に着色剤が凝集及び/又は沈降を生じ難く、良好な筆跡を形成できる。
課題2:筆記具のペン先下向き状態での長期保管時に垂れ下がりを生じることがなく、カスレ等のない良好な筆跡形成ができる。
水と、着色剤と、セルロース繊維の水酸基の少なくとも一部が硫酸エステル化された硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維とを含んでなる、筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維は、セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、且つセルロース繊維の水酸基の水素原子の少なくとも一部が、下記式(1)で示されるスルホ基で置換されている、態様1記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
(-SO3 -)r・Zr+ (1)
[ここで、rは、1~3の自然数であり、Zr+は、r=1のとき、水素イオン、アルカリ金属の陽イオン、アンモニウムイオン、脂肪族アンモニウムイオン、芳香族アンモニウムイオンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種であり、r=2又は3のとき、アルカリ土類金属の陽イオン又は多価金属の陽イオンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種である。]
前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の平均繊維幅が0.5~500nmである、態様1又は2記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の平均繊維幅が30nm以下である、態様3記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の硫黄導入量が0.42mmol/gよりも高い、態様1乃至4のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の重合度が30以上である、態様1乃至5のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を水溶性溶媒に固形分濃度が0.5質量%となるように分散させた分散液のヘイズ値が20%以下である、態様1乃至6のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維が、インキ組成物全量中に0.01~3質量%の範囲で配合されてなる、態様1乃至7のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
剪断減粘性付与剤をさらに含んでなる、態様1乃至8のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記剪断減粘性付与剤が、水溶性多糖類、メタクリル酸のアルキルエステルを主成分とする分子量10万~15万の重合体、ポリ-N-ビニルカルボン酸アミド架橋物、ベンジリデンソルビトール及びその誘導体、ベンジリデンキシリトール及びその誘導体、アルカリ増粘型アクリル樹脂、架橋性アクリル酸重合体、無機質微粒子、HLB値が8~12のノニオン系界面活性剤、並びにジアルキルスルホコハク酸の金属塩又はアミン塩からなる群から選択されるいずれか一種以上である、態様9に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記剪断減粘性付与剤が、インキ組成物全量中に0.05~1質量%の範囲で配合されてなる、態様9又は10記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記着色剤が水に分散してなる、態様1乃至11のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記着色剤が顔料及び樹脂粒子からなる群から選択されるいずれか一種以上を含む、態様1乃至12のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
前記着色剤の平均粒子径が0.01~25μmである、態様1乃至13のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
比重が1超の着色剤を含む、態様1乃至14のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物である。
態様1乃至15のいずれか1つに記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物を収容してなる、筆記具である。
水としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、水道水、イオン交換水、限外ろ過水、蒸留水等を例示できる。
インキ組成物の総質量に対する水の含有率は、特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは35~95質量%、より好ましくは40~90質量%の範囲である。
着色剤としては、水性媒体に溶解もしくは分散可能な染料、顔料及び樹脂粒子がすべて使用可能である。すなわち、着色剤は、染料、顔料及び樹脂粒子からなる群から選択されるいずれか一種以上を含んでもよい。例えば、着色剤は顔料及び樹脂粒子からなる群から選択されるいずれか一種以上を含んでもよく、顔料及び樹脂粒子からなる群から選択されるいずれか一種以上からなってもよい。また、着色剤は、染料を含んでもよく、染料からなってもよい。
酸性染料としては、ナフト―ルグリーンB(C.I.10020)、ナフト―ルイエローS(C.I.10316)、アシッドイエロー9(C.I.13015)、メタニルイエロー(C.I.13065)、オレンジI(C.I.14600)、ポンソーSX(C.I.14700)、オレンジII(C.I.15510)、サンセットイエローFCF(C.I.15985)、ニューコクシン(C.I.16255)、ファーストアシッドマゼンタ(C.I.17200)、アシッドファーストレッド3G(C.I.18050)、ファーストライトイエロー3G(C.I.18820)、タートラジン(C.I.19140)、レゾルシンブラウン(C.I.20170)、アシッドブルー29(C.I.20460)、ナフトールブルーブラック(C.I.20470)、アシッドオレンジ56(C.I.22895)、アシッドイエロー42(C.I.22910)、ギネアグリーンB(C.I.42085)、ファーストグリーンFCF(C.I.42053)、ブリリアントブルーFCF(C.I.42090)、アシッドバイオレット6B(C.I.42640)、アシッドブルー1(C.I.42045)、ブリリアントブルーG(C.I.42655)、ブリリアントブルーP-1(C.I.42735)、ウォーターブルー(C.I.42755)、エリオグリーンB(C.I.44025)、アシッドレッド(C.I.45100)、ビオラミンR(C.I.45190)、ウラニン(C.I.45350)、エオシン(C.I.45380)、フロキシンB(C.I.45410)、エリスロシン(C.I.45430)、ニグロシン(C.I.50420)、ピラニンコンク(C.I.59040)、アリズロールパープル(C.I.60730)、アリザリンシアニングリーンF(C.I.61570)、インジゴカルミン(C.I.73015)等が用いられる。
塩基性染料としては、クリソイジン(C.I.11270)、メチルバイオレットFN(C.I.42535)、クリスタルバイオレット(C.I.42555)、マラカイトグリーン(C.I.42000)、ビクトリアブルーFB(C.I.44045)、ローダミンB(C.I.45170)、アクリジンオレンジNS(C.I.46005)、メチレンブルーB(C.I.52015)等が用いられる。
直接染料としては、コンゴーレッド(C.I.22120)、ダイレクトスカイブルー5B(C.I.24400)、バイオレットBB(C.I.27905)、ダイレクトディープブラックEX(C.I.30235)、カヤラスブラックGコンク(C.I.35225)、ダイレクトファストブラックG(C.I.35255)、フタロシアニンブルー(C.I.74180)等が用いられる。
ヘアドライヤー等身近な加熱体から得られる温度は、50~95℃であり、好ましくは50~90℃、より好ましくは60~80℃の範囲である。
意味する。
フォトクロミック化合物は各種オリゴマーに溶解させることにより、耐光性と共に発色濃度を向上させることができ、さらには変色感度を調整することができる。
また、マイクロカプセルの表面には、目的に応じてさらに二次的な樹脂皮膜を設けて耐久性を付与させたり、表面特性を改質させて実用に供することもできる。
一方、筆記具のペン先下向き状態での長期保管時に垂れ下がりを生じることがなく、カスレ等のない良好な筆跡を形成するためには、着色剤はインキ組成物全量中に好ましくは1~35質量%、より好ましくは2~30質量%の範囲で配合される。
硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維とは、種々のセルロース繊維において、セルロースを構成するグルコースユニット中の水酸基の少なくとも一部が硫酸エステル化修飾されたものである。
母体となるセルロースはどのようなものであってもよいが、セルロースI型結晶構造を有するセルロースを母体としたものが広く適用される。
硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維としては、例えば、セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の水素原子の少なくとも一部が、下記式(1)で示されるスルホ基で置換された硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を例示できる。
[ここで、rは、1~3の自然数であり、Zr+は、r=1のとき、水素イオン、アルカリ金属の陽イオン、アンモニウムイオン、脂肪族アンモニウムイオン、芳香族アンモニウムイオンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種である。また、r=2又は3のとき、アルカリ土類金属の陽イオン又は多価金属の陽イオンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種である。]
上記式(1)で示されるスルホ基で置換された硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維は、換言すれば、セルロースI型結晶構造を有しセルロース繊維の水酸基の少なくとも一部が、硫酸エステル基((-O-SO3 -)r・Zr+)で置換された硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維ともいうことができる。
本発明の実施形態において、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維は、上述の「効果1」及び「効果2」のうち、少なくとも1つの効果を奏し得る。
また、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を製造する段階でパルプの他構成要素(有縁壁孔、導管要素など)を除去し純粋な硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を得るという観点から、平均繊維幅は、好ましくは500nm以下、より好ましくは100nm以下である。
なお、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維をインキ組成物に適用した場合、前述の透明性に加え、水中での分散性が非常に高く、微細セルロース繊維同士の相互作用が生じ易くなり、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維が緻密なネットワーク構造を形成し易くなるため、着色剤の分散安定性がよりいっそう良好となる。また、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維をインキ組成物に適用した場合、水性媒体中での分散性及びインキ流動時の追従性が非常に高くなるため、インキ垂れ下がり抑制効果をより効果的に発現するものとなる。
また、上記のインキ組成物がボールペンチップを備える筆記具(ボールペン)に用いられる場合、筆跡の線割れを抑制することができ、筆記性能を良好とすることができる。
特に、透明性の観点では、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維の平均繊維幅は、好ましくは20nm以下であり、より好ましくは10nm以下である。平均繊維幅が10nm以下となるように調整すれば、可視光の散乱をより少なくできるため、高い透明性を有する硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維となり、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維の配合によるインキ組成物の不用意な色変化を抑制することができる。また、垂れ下がり抑制の観点においても、当該平均繊維幅が30nm以下でより高い効果を発現するものとなる。
観察方法としては、走査型プローブ顕微鏡〔例えば、(株)島津製作所製、製品名:SPM-9700〕を用いることができる。得られた観察画像中の硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維をランダムに20本選び、各繊維幅を測定し平均化すれば硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の平均繊維幅を求めることができる。
例えば、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維1g(質量)あたりの硫黄導入量は、好ましくは0.42mmol/gよりも高く、より好ましくは0.42mmol/gよりも高く9.9mmol/g以下、さらに好ましくは0.50~9.9mmol/g、特に好ましくは0.60~9.9mmol/gの範囲である。
従って、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維の硫黄導入量は、上記範囲となるように調整することが好ましい。
また、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の透明性の観点においても、上記範囲と同様の範囲となるように調整することが好ましい。
重合度は、好ましくは30以上、より好ましくは40~1,000、さらに好ましくは40~700の範囲である。
まず、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を水溶性溶媒に、固形分濃度が0.1~20質量%となるように分散させた分散液を調製する。そして、かかる分散液のヘイズ値が20%以下であれば、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維は濁りの少ない透明性を発揮できる状態であると言える。逆に言うと、固形分濃度が上記範囲内となるように調製した分散液のヘイズ値が20%よりも高い場合には、適切な透明性を発揮し難い状態にあると言える。
特に、特許第6582111号に記載されるように、まず、木材等のセルロースを含むパルプ繊維原料を、スルファミン酸等のスルホン化剤と、尿素又は/及びその誘導体を水に溶解させた反応液に接触(含侵)させ、湿潤状態のパルプ繊維を加熱して100~180℃で5分以上となるように調整して反応させることで、セルロース繊維の水酸基の水素原子の少なくとも一部にスルホ基を導入する(すなわち、水酸基の少なくとも一部を硫酸エステル化する)(化学処理工程)。その後、低圧ホモジナイザー、高圧ホモジナイザー、グラインダー(石臼型粉砕機)、ボールミル、カッターミル、ジェットミル、短軸押出機、2軸押出機、超音波攪拌機、家庭用のミキサー等を用いて、所定の大きさの微細繊維にする(微細化処理工程)ことで、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を製造することができる。
前述の方法を用いることにより、ナノオーダーの平均繊維幅を有する硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維を効率的に製造できるため、特に好適である。
0.01質量%未満では、所望の着色剤を分散状態で安定的に保持させる効果が得られ難く、また、所望の垂れ下がり防止効果が得られ難い。一方、3質量%を超える量を配合させても分散安定性の効果の向上を発現でき難い。また、3質量%を超える量を添加しても垂れ下がり防止効果の向上を発現できないため、それ以上の添加を必要としない。
平均粒子径が大きい着色剤はインキ組成物中において経時的に沈降し易く、分散安定性に劣る場合がある。特に、インキ組成物が低粘度である場合には、よりいっそう分散安定性に劣り易い傾向にある。しかしながら、本発明の実施形態によるインキ組成物は前述の硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を用いることにより、大粒子径着色剤の経時的な沈降を抑制することができ、大粒子径着色剤が良好な分散安定性を奏する。また、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維を用いる場合には、インキ組成物を低粘度としながらも、大粒子径着色剤を長期間に亘って安定的に分散させることができる。
金属酸化物としては、例えば、チタン、ジルコニア、クロム、バナジウム、鉄等の酸化物を例示できるが、酸化チタンが好適である。
また、基材の表面を被覆する金属酸化物の被覆率、被膜の厚さによって、金色もしくは銀色、又は、金属光沢を有する黄色、赤色、青色、もしくは緑色を呈する。なお、酸化チタン等の金属酸化物による層上に、酸化鉄、及び/又は一般の染料又は顔料等の非変色性着色剤をさらに被覆したものであってもよい。
透明性を有する基材を金属酸化物で被覆した顔料には、パール顔料及びコレステリック液晶型顔料も含まれる。
透明性を有する基材を金属で被覆した顔料は、例えば、フレーク状ガラスに無電解メッキ法又はスパッタリング法等により金属をコーティングさせることにより得ることができる。
アルミニウム粉顔料としては、例えば、アルミニウム片を高級脂肪酸又はミネラルスピリット等の石油系溶剤と共にボールミルで粉砕、研磨したものを例示できる。このようなアルミニウム粉顔料は、非常に薄い鱗片状のアルミニウム微粒子であり、ペースト状にして得られるものを使用することができる。
また、真空蒸着によって得られた薄膜状のアルミニウムを細かく粉砕したものであってもよい。
比重が1を超える着色剤はインキ組成物中において経時的に沈降し易く、分散安定性に劣る場合がある。特に、インキ組成物が低粘度である場合には、よりいっそう分散安定性に劣り易い傾向にある。しかしながら、本発明の実施形態によるインキ組成物は前述の硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を用いることにより、高比重着色剤の経時的な沈降を抑制することができ、高比重着色剤が良好な分散安定性を奏する。また、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維を用いる場合には、インキ組成物を低粘度としながらも、高比重着色剤を長期間に亘って安定的に分散させることができる。
透明性を有する基材を金属酸化物で被覆した顔料の比重は、パール顔料で2.8~3.2の範囲であり、コレステリック液晶型顔料で1.1~1.5の範囲である。
透明性を有する基材を金属で被覆した顔料の比重は、3.0~3.4の範囲である。
金属顔料の比重は、2.5~9.0の範囲である。
可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料の比重は、粒子径、マイクロカプセルに内包される成分及びその含有量、カプセル壁膜の成分及び膜厚、マイクロカプセル顔料の着色状態、並びに温度によって左右されるものである。インキ組成物中における分散安定性の観点から、可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料の比重は、マイクロカプセル顔料が完全発色状態であり、20℃の環境下で水を基準物質とした場合、好ましくは1.05~1.20、より好ましくは1.10~1.20、さらに好ましくは1.12~1.15の範囲である。
なお、可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料の比重は、下記の方法により測定することができる。
1.スクリュー管瓶にグリセリン水溶液30mlと完全発色状態の可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料1gを投入、混合し、マイクロカプセル顔料分散液を調製する。
2.マイクロカプセル顔料分散液30mlを20℃に調温し、回転数1000rpm、30秒間の遠心条件で遠心分離機にかける。なお、遠心分離機としては、冷却・卓上遠心機〔(株)コクサン製、製品名:H103N〕を用いることができる。
3.マイクロカプセル顔料分散液を観察する。
マイクロカプセル顔料の大半がビーカー底部に沈殿している場合、このときのグリセリン水溶液よりもグリセリン濃度を上げた水溶液を用いて、再度1~2の操作を行い分散液の状態を観察する。
マイクロカプセル顔料の大半が液面で浮遊した状態を確認した場合は、このときのグリセリン水溶液よりもグリセリン濃度を下げた水溶液を用いて、再度1~2の操作を行い分散液の状態を観察する。
上記の一連の操作は、マイクロカプセル顔料の大半が液面に浮上している、又は沈殿している状態ではなく、グリセリン水溶液の液面及びスクリュー管瓶底部付近以外の部分が均一に着色している状態が目視で確認されるまで繰り返す。この状態が観察された際のグリセリン水溶液の比重を測定し、可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料の比重とする。なお、グリセリン水溶液の比重は、20℃に調温した水溶液を、JIS K0061 7.1項記載の浮ひょう法により測定することができる。
増粘剤としては、インキ組成物に剪断減粘性を付与できる物質(剪断減粘性付与剤)を用いることが好ましい。
なお、インキの剪断減粘性とは静止状態あるいは応力の低い時は高粘度で流動し難い性質を有し、応力が増大すると低粘度化して良流動性を示すレオロジー特性を言うものであり、チクソトロピー性あるいは擬似可塑性とも呼ばれる液性を意味している。
具体的には、上記の各成分を配合した混合物を、プロペラ攪拌、ホモディスパー、もしくはホモミキサー等の各種攪拌機で攪拌することにより、又はビーズミル等の各種分散機等で分散することにより、インキ組成物を製造することができる。
なお、インキ組成物の粘度は、レオメーター〔TAインスツルメンツ社製、製品名:Discovery HR-2、コーンプレート(直径40mm、角度1°)〕を用いて、インキを20℃の環境下に置いて、回転速度1rpm(剪断速度3.84sec-1)、又は、回転速度100rpm(剪断速度384sec-1)の条件で測定した値である。
なお、インキ組成物の粘度は、E型回転粘度計〔東機産業(株)製、製品名:RE-85L、コーン型ローター:標準型(1°34′×R24)〕を用いて、インキ組成物を20℃の環境下に置いて測定した値である。
なお、インキ組成物のpHは、pHメーター〔東亜ディーケーケー(株)製、製品名:IM-40S〕を用いて、インキを20℃の環境下に置いて測定した値である。
なお、ボールペンチップには、チップ内にボールの後端を前方に弾発する弾発部材を配して、非筆記時にはチップ先端の内縁にボールを押圧させて密接状態とし、筆記時には筆圧によりボールを後退させてインキを流出可能に構成することもでき、不使用時のインキ漏れを抑制できる。
弾発部材は、金属細線のスプリング、スプリングの一端にストレート部(ロッド部)を備えたもの、線状プラスチック加工体等を例示でき、5~40gの弾発力により、押圧可能に構成して適用される。
インキ収容体には、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ナイロン等の熱可塑性樹脂からなる成形体、又は金属製管状体を用いることができる。
不揮発性液体及び/又は難揮発性液体は一種、又は二種以上を併用して用いることができる。
増粘剤としては、例えば、表面を疎水処理したシリカ、表面をメチル化処理した微粒子シリカ、珪酸アルミニウム、膨潤性雲母、疎水処理を施したベントナイト及びモンモリロナイト等の粘土系増粘剤;ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸アルミニウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛等の脂肪酸金属石鹸;トリベンジリデンソルビトール、脂肪酸アマイド、アマイド変性ポリエチレンワックス、水添ひまし油、脂肪酸デキストリン等のデキストリン系化合物;セルロース系化合物等を例示できる。
インキ逆流防止体として、固体栓と上記した液栓とを併用して用いることもできる。
インキ吸蔵体は、捲縮状繊維を長手方向に集束させた繊維集束体であり、プラスチック筒体又はフィルム等の被覆体に内在させて、気孔率が概ね40~90%の範囲に調整して構成される。
弁機構は、チップの押圧により開放する、従来より汎用のポンピング式形態が使用でき、筆圧により押圧開放可能なバネ圧に設定したものが好適である。
また、軸筒内にレフィルが収容されるボールペン又はマーキングペン等の筆記具には、軸筒内に、軸筒から筆記先端部を出没可能とする出没機構を設けて出没式筆記具とすることができ、筆記先端部が汚染・破損されることを防ぐことができる。出没式筆記具(例えば出没式ボールペン)はペン先が常に外気に晒された状態であるため、本発明の実施形態に係るインキ組成物が特に有効となる。
また、軸筒内に複数のレフィルを収容してなり、出没機構の作動によっていずれかのレフィルの筆記先端部を軸筒開口部から出没させる複合タイプの出没式筆記具とすることもできる。
以下の実施例1は、本発明の実施形態に係るインキ組成物及びそれを収容してなる筆記具が、経時的に着色剤が凝集及び/又は沈降を生じ難く、良好な筆跡を形成できることを示す。
青色顔料水分散体(ピグメントブルー15:3)(固形分:20%、平均粒子径:0.2μm)30部と、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維A0.08部と、剪断減粘性付与剤(キサンタンガム)〔三晶(株)製、製品名:ケルザン〕0.12部と、界面活性剤〔第一工業製薬(株)製、製品名:プライサーフAL〕0.5部と、トリエタノールアミン1部と、ジエチレングリコール10部と、グリセリン5部と、水53.3部とを混合し、インキ組成物を調製した。
上記のインキ組成物を、ポリプロピレン製パイプからなるインキ収容体に吸引充填した後、樹脂製ホルダーを介して、直径0.5mmの超硬製のボールを先端に抱持したボールペンチップと連結させた。次いで、インキ収容体の後端より、ポリブテンを主成分とする粘弾性を有するインキ逆流防止体(液栓)を充填し、さらに尾栓をパイプの後部に嵌合させ、遠心により脱気処理を行い、ボールペンレフィルを得た。
次いで、上記のレフィルを軸筒内に組み込み、ボールペン(出没式ボールペン)を作製した。
上記のボールペンは、ボールペンレフィルに設けられたチップが外気に晒された状態で軸筒内に収納されており、軸筒の後部側壁に設けられたクリップ形状の出没機構(スライド機構)の作動によって軸筒前端開口部からチップが突出する構造である
実施例1-2~1-17、及び比較例1-1~1-12のインキ組成物は、配合する材料の種類と配合量を以下の表1及び表2に記載したものに変更した以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして調製した。
実施例1-2~1-13、及び比較例1-1~1-9の筆記具は、実施例1-1と同様にして作製した。
実施例1-14~1-15及び比較例1-10のインキ組成物を、ポリエステルスライバーを合成樹脂フィルムで被覆したインキ吸蔵体内に含侵させ、ポリプロピレン樹脂からなる軸筒内に収容し、ホルダーを介して軸筒先端部に、軸方向に延びる複数のインキ導出孔を有するポリアセタール樹脂の押出成形体からなる樹脂加工ペン体(砲弾型)を接続状態に組み立て、キャップを装着してマーキングペン(キャップ式マーキングペン)を作製した。
実施例1-16~1-17及び比較例1-11~1-12のインキ組成物を、ポリエステルスライバーを合成樹脂フィルムで被覆したインキ吸蔵体内に含浸させ、ポリプロピレン樹脂からなる軸筒内に収容し、軸筒先端部にポリエステル繊維の樹脂加工ペン体(チゼル型)を、樹脂製のホルダーを介して接続状態に組み立て、キャップを装着してマーキングペン(キャップ式マーキングペン)を作製した。
(1-1)青色顔料水分散体(ピグメントブルー15:3)(固形分:20%、平均粒子径:0.2μm)
(1-2)黒色顔料(カーボンブラック)〔三菱ケミカル(株)製、製品名:MA-100(平均粒子径:0.024μm)〕
(1-3)可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料(予め-20℃以下に冷却して青色に発色させたもの)
(1-4)板状光輝性顔料(ペースト状アルミニウム粉顔料)〔東洋アルミニウム(株)製、製品名:アルペースト EMERAL EMR-D5660H(固形分:60%、平均粒子径:9μm)〕
(1-5)板状光輝性顔料(パール顔料)〔メルクジャパン(株)製、製品名:イリオジン221(平均粒子径:15μm)〕
(1-6)白色顔料(酸化チタン)〔テイカ(株)製、製品名:JR-707(平均粒子径:0.25μm)〕
(1-7)桃色蛍光顔料水分散体(固形分:45%、平均粒子径:0.4μm)
(1-8)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維(繊維幅:3~6nm、硫黄導入量:1.47mmol/g、重合度:400~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:4.67%)
(1-9)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維(繊維幅:3~6nm、硫黄導入量:1.57mmol/g、重合度:400~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:1.71%)
(1-10)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)、硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維(繊維幅:3~6nm、硫黄導入量:1.81mmol/g、重合度:400~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:0.99%)
(1-11)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維(平均繊維幅:52nm、硫黄導入量:2.1mmol/g、平均繊維長:13μm)
(1-12)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維(平均繊維幅:1~6nm、硫黄導入量:1.72mmol/g、重合度:200~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:1.09%)
(1-13)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維(平均繊維幅:1~6nm、硫黄導入量:2.00mmol/g、重合度:50~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:1.13%)
(1-14)ビックケミー・ジャパン(株)製、製品名:DISPER BYK-190(固形分:40%)
(1-15)三晶(株)製、製品名:ケルザン
(1-16)ダウケミカル日本(株)製、製品名:CELLOSIZE WP-09L
(1-17)第一工業製薬(株)製、製品名:プライサーフAL
なお、上記(1-8)~(1-10)の硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維は、繊維幅が3~6nmであり、その平均繊維幅も3~6nmの範囲内であるといえる。
(A)成分として、3′,6′-ビス〔フェニル(3-メチルフェニル)アミノ〕スピロ[イソベンゾフラン-1(3H),9′-[9H]キサンテン]-3-オン3部と、(B)成分として、1,1-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-エチルヘキサン3部、2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン5部と、(C)成分として、カプリン酸4-ベンジルオキシフェニルエチル50部とからなる可逆熱変色性組成物を、壁膜材料として芳香族イソシアネートプレポリマー35部と、助溶剤40部とからなる混合溶液に投入した後、8%ポリビニルアルコール水溶液中で乳化分散し、加温しながら攪拌を続けた後、水溶性脂肪族変性アミン2.5部を加え、さらに攪拌を続けてマイクロカプセル分散液を調製した。上記のマイクロカプセル分散液から遠心分離法により、平均粒子径が1.9μmの可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料を得た。
可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料は完全発色温度t1が-20℃、完全消色温度t4が60℃であり、温度変化により青色から無色に可逆的に変化した。
また、完全発色状態の可逆熱変色性マイクロカプセル顔料は、20℃において、水を基準とした場合の比重が、1.08~1.09であった。
実施例1-1~1-17、及び比較例1-1~1-12で作製した各筆記具を用いて、室温(20℃)の環境下で、A4サイズの試験用紙(縦向き)の短手方向と平行方向に、15cmの直線を手書きで筆記し、これを5行分行った。ここで、実施例1-16~1-17及び比較例1-11~1-12で作製した筆記具を用いる際は、ペン体の幅広面を紙面に密着させて筆記した。なお、試験用紙には旧JIS P3201に準拠した筆記用紙Aを用いた。
得られた筆跡を目視にて確認し、下記基準で筆跡を評価した。評価結果は以下の表3及び表4に記載の通りであり、評価「A」を合格とした。
A:筆跡にカスレ及び線飛び等がなく、一定の濃度及び線幅を有する良好な筆跡が得られた。
B:筆跡にカスレ及び/又は線飛びが多数確認された。あるいは、筆記不能であった。
前述の筆記試験を行った各筆記具を、50℃に設定した恒温槽内に30日間、ペン先が下向きの状態で静置させた。30日経過後に恒温槽から取り出し、室温(20℃)環境下で、A4サイズの試験用紙(縦向き)の短手方向と平行方向に、15cmの直線を手書きで筆記し、これを5行分行った。ここで、実施例1-16~1-17及び比較例1-11~1-12で作製した筆記具を用いる際は、ペン体の幅広面を紙面に密着させて筆記した。なお、試験用紙にはJIS P3201に準拠した筆記用紙Aを用いた。
得られた筆跡を目視にて確認し、下記基準で筆跡を評価した。評価結果は以下の表3及び表4に記載の通りであり、評価「A」及び「B」を合格とした。
A:筆跡にカスレ及び線飛び等がなく、筆跡の色は初期の筆跡と同じあるいは同等レベルであり、良好な筆跡が得られた。
B:筆跡にカスレ及び/又は線飛びがやや確認され、筆跡の色は初期の筆跡に比べてやや濃色化したが、実用上問題のないレベルであった。
C:筆記可能であったが、筆跡の色は初期の筆跡に比べて濃色化し、筆跡の色に差が生じた。
D:筆跡にカスレ及び/又は線飛びが多数確認された。あるいは、筆記不能であった。
以下の実施例2は、本発明の実施形態に係るインキ組成物及びそれを収容してなる筆記具が、筆記具のペン先下向き状態での長期保管時に垂れ下がりを生じることがなく、カスレ等のない良好な筆跡形成ができることを示す。
(2-1)赤色染料(アシッドレッド289)
(2-2)青色染料(アシッドブルー90)
(2-3)黄色染料(アシッドイエロー9)
(2-4)黒色顔料(カーボンブラック)〔三菱ケミカル(株)製、製品名:MA-100(平均粒子径:0.024μm)〕
(2-5)熱変色性青色顔料、具体的には、(A)成分として3-(4-ジエチルアミノ-2-ヘキシルオキシフェニル)-3-(1-エチル-2-メチルインドール-3-イル)-4-アザフタリド2.0部、(B)成分として2,2-ビス(4′-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン8.0部、(C)成分としてカプリン酸4-ベンジルオキシフェニルエチル50.0部からなる可逆熱変色性組成物を内包したマイクロカプセル顔料(T1:-14℃、T2:-6℃、T3:48℃、T4:60℃、ΔH:64℃、平均粒子径:2.3μm、青色から無色に色変化する)
(2-6)ビックケミー・ジャパン(株)製、製品名:DISPER BYK-190(固形分:40%)
(2-7)第一工業製薬(株)製、製品名:プライサーフAL
(2-8)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維(繊維幅:3~6nm、硫黄導入量:1.47mmol/g、重合度:400~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:4.67%)
(2-9)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維(繊維幅3~6nm、硫黄導入量:1.57mmol/g、重合度:400~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:1.71%)
(2-10)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維(繊維幅:3~6nm、硫黄導入量:1.81mmol/g、重合度:400~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:0.99%)
(2-11)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維(平均繊維幅:52nm、硫黄導入量:2.1mmol/g、平均繊維長:13μm)
(2-12)セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、セルロース繊維の水酸基の一部が硫酸エステル化されている(硫酸エステルナトリウムとなっている)、硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維(平均繊維幅:1~6nm、硫黄導入量:2.00mmol/g、重合度:50~600、固形分濃度0.5質量%水溶液におけるヘイズ値:1.13%)
(2-13)三晶(株)製、製品名:ケルザン
(2-14)ダウケミカル日本(株)製、製品名:CELLOSIZE WP-09L
(2-15)旭化成(株)製、商品名:セオラスRC-N30(有効成分:1.5%)
(2-16)三井化学(株)製、商品名:ケミパールW900(有効成分:40%)
(2-17)三井化学(株)製、商品名:ケミパールW401(有効成分:40%)
(2-18)BASF社製、商品名:SokalanK90
なお、上記(2-8)~(2-10)の硫酸エステル化微細セルロース繊維は、繊維幅が3~6nmであり、その平均繊維幅も3~6nmの範囲内であるといえる。
各実施例及び比較例の配合で剪断減粘性付与剤を除く各原料を混合し、20℃でディスパーにて1000rpm、1時間攪拌した後、剪断減粘性付与剤を含むものはそれを加えてさらに1時間攪拌することでボールペンインキ組成物を得た。なお、剪断減粘性付与剤は予め水に分散させたプレビヒクルの状態にて使用した。
ボールペンレフィルは、先端部にボールを回転可能に抱持した円錐状切削ボールペンチップ(ボールを前方に弾発するボール押しバネを収容する)と、該ボールペンチップが前部に固着された接続部材と、該接続部材が先端開口部に固着され、且つ、内部にインキ及びインキ逆流防止体が収容されたインキ収容管と、該インキ収容管の後端開口部に固着された尾栓からなる。なお、インキ逆流防止体は、基油としてポリブテン、増粘剤として脂肪酸アマイドを用いて混練したインキ逆流防止体である。
なお、ボールペンレフィルには、直径0.5mmのボールを用いた。
上記インキ組成物を、ポリエステルスライバーを合成樹脂フィルムで被覆したインキ吸蔵体内に含侵させ、ポリプロピレン樹脂からなる軸筒内に収容し、ホルダーを介して軸筒先端部に、軸方向に延びる複数のインキ導出孔を有するポリアセタール樹脂の押出成形体からなる樹脂加工ペン体(砲弾型)を接続状態に組み立て、キャップを装着してマーキングペン(キャップ式マーキングペン)を作製した。
垂れ下がり試験
各筆記具を用いて、チップを軸筒から露出させてチップを下向きで保持し、温度20℃・相対湿度95%又は、温度30℃・相対湿度80%の雰囲気下で20時間放置した後、チップ先端の外観を目視で観察した。
筆記試験
筆記可能であることを確認した各筆記具を、温度20℃、相対湿度60%の雰囲気下にチップを軸筒から露出させて横向きで24時間静置した後、JIS P3201筆記用紙Aに手書きで直線を筆記して筆跡の状態を目視により観察した。
垂れ下がり試験(評価「A」及び「B」を合格とした。)
A:インキの垂れ下がりは認められない。
B:チップ先端にインキがにじみ出る。
C:チップ先端にインキ滴が認められる。
筆記試験(評価「〇」を合格とした。)
○:一定の濃度及び線幅の筆跡が安定して得られる。
×:筆跡にカスレが生じる。
Claims (16)
- 水と、着色剤と、セルロース繊維の水酸基の少なくとも一部が硫酸エステル化された硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維とを含んでなる、筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維は、セルロースI型結晶構造を有し、且つセルロース繊維の水酸基の水素原子の少なくとも一部が、下記式(1)で示されるスルホ基で置換されている、請求項1に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
(-SO3 -)r・Zr+ (1)
[ここで、rは、1~3の自然数であり、Zr+は、r=1のとき、水素イオン、アルカリ金属の陽イオン、アンモニウムイオン、脂肪族アンモニウムイオン、芳香族アンモニウムイオンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種である。また、r=2又は3のとき、アルカリ土類金属の陽イオン又は多価金属の陽イオンよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種である。] - 前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の平均繊維幅が0.5~500nmである、請求項1又は2記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の平均繊維幅が30nm以下である、請求項3記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の硫黄導入量が0.42mmol/gよりも高い、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維の重合度が30以上である、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維を水溶性溶媒に固形分濃度が0.5質量%となるように分散させた分散液のヘイズ値が20%以下である、請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記硫酸エステル化セルロース繊維が、インキ組成物全量中に0.01~3質量%の範囲で配合されてなる、請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 剪断減粘性付与剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記剪断減粘性付与剤が、水溶性多糖類、メタクリル酸のアルキルエステルを主成分とする分子量10万~15万の重合体、ポリ-N-ビニルカルボン酸アミド架橋物、ベンジリデンソルビトール及びその誘導体、ベンジリデンキシリトール及びその誘導体、アルカリ増粘型アクリル樹脂、架橋性アクリル酸重合体、無機質微粒子、HLB値が8~12のノニオン系界面活性剤、並びにジアルキルスルホコハク酸の金属塩又はアミン塩からなる群から選択されるいずれか一種以上である、請求項9記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記剪断減粘性付与剤が、インキ組成物全量中に0.05~1質量%の範囲で配合されてなる、請求項9又は10記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記着色剤が水に分散してなる、請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記着色剤が顔料及び樹脂粒子からなる群から選択されるいずれか一種以上を含む、請求項1乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 前記着色剤の平均粒子径が0.01~25μmである、請求項1乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 比重が1超の着色剤を含む、請求項1乃至14のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物。
- 請求項1乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の筆記具用水性インキ組成物を収容してなる、筆記具。
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| CN202380059810.1A CN119731278A (zh) | 2022-08-24 | 2023-08-23 | 笔具用水性墨液组合物和容纳有该笔具用水性墨液组合物的笔具 |
| JP2024542840A JPWO2024043262A1 (ja) | 2022-08-24 | 2023-08-23 | |
| EP23857370.3A EP4578919A1 (en) | 2022-08-24 | 2023-08-23 | Aqueous ink composition for writing instruments, and writing instrument housing same |
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- 2023-08-23 WO PCT/JP2023/030257 patent/WO2024043262A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-08-23 TW TW112131698A patent/TW202424122A/zh unknown
- 2023-08-23 EP EP23857370.3A patent/EP4578919A1/en active Pending
- 2023-08-23 CN CN202380059810.1A patent/CN119731278A/zh active Pending
- 2023-08-23 JP JP2024542840A patent/JPWO2024043262A1/ja active Pending
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| TW202424122A (zh) | 2024-06-16 |
| CN119731278A (zh) | 2025-03-28 |
| JPWO2024043262A1 (ja) | 2024-02-29 |
| EP4578919A1 (en) | 2025-07-02 |
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