WO2023213440A1 - Sensorelement, prüfvorrichtung und verfahren für die prüfung eines datenträgers mit spinresonanz-merkmal - Google Patents
Sensorelement, prüfvorrichtung und verfahren für die prüfung eines datenträgers mit spinresonanz-merkmal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023213440A1 WO2023213440A1 PCT/EP2023/025211 EP2023025211W WO2023213440A1 WO 2023213440 A1 WO2023213440 A1 WO 2023213440A1 EP 2023025211 W EP2023025211 W EP 2023025211W WO 2023213440 A1 WO2023213440 A1 WO 2023213440A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor element
- air gap
- data carrier
- stripline resonators
- resonator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/04—Testing magnetic properties of the materials thereof, e.g. by detection of magnetic imprint
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
- G01R33/3806—Open magnet assemblies for improved access to the sample, e.g. C-type or U-type magnets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
- G01R33/383—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using permanent magnets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor element for checking the authenticity of a flat data carrier, in particular a banknote, with a spin resonance feature.
- the invention also relates to a testing device with such a sensor element and a method for authenticity testing with such a sensor element or such a testing device.
- Data carriers such as valuables or identification documents, but also other valuables, such as branded items, are often provided with security elements for security purposes, which allow the authenticity of the data carrier to be checked and which at the same time serve as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
- security elements with spin resonance features to secure documents and other data carriers during automatic authenticity testing.
- the security elements are provided with substances that have a spin resonance signature.
- the spin resonance signatures that can be used for authenticity testing include, in particular, nuclear spin resonance effects (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR), electron spin resonance effects (ESR) and ferromagnetic resonance effects (FMR).
- a quasi-static polarization field Bo which runs parallel to the axial direction (z-direction) of the air gap of a magnetic circuit.
- a second magnetic field is formed by a modulation field Bmod, which also runs parallel to the z-axis and typically has a frequency f mod in the kHz range.
- an excitation field Bi is provided, which is polarized perpendicular to the Bo direction.
- the excitation field oscillates at the resonance frequency of the material, which is also referred to as the Larmor frequency and which is proportional to the polarization field Bo.
- a magnetic circuit is often used, which directs the magnetic flux from permanent magnets and/or coils to an air gap in which the flat data carriers are tested.
- a high-frequency resonator for example a stripline resonator, is used to generate the excitation field Bi.
- This is a conductive structure with a characteristic length 1, which is arranged on a support. If, during the authenticity test, the wavelength Since the extent of a stripline resonator in the plane of the carrier is significantly larger than perpendicular to it, it is also referred to as the plane of the stripline resonator, which corresponds to the plane of the carrier.
- a spatial resolution along the scanning direction that is proportional to the dimensions of the resonator can be achieved when checking a data carrier with a scan.
- a typical edge length of the stripline resonators of around 10 mm this results in a spatial resolution in the range of several millimeters.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved device for testing data carriers with spin resonance characteristics, and in particular to provide a sensor element which also allows testing of data carriers with complex spin resonance characteristics.
- the invention provides a sensor element for testing, in particular authenticity testing, of a flat data carrier with a spin resonance feature.
- the flat data carrier can be, for example, a banknote.
- the sensor element contains a magnetic core with an air gap into which the flat data carrier can be inserted for testing, a polarization device for generating a static magnetic flux in the air gap, and a resonator device for exciting the spin resonance feature of the data carrier to be tested in the air gap.
- the spin resonance feature is preferably an ESR feature.
- the resonator device contains a plurality of stripline resonators which are designed and set up for independent operation at the same excitation frequency, for example with a frequency deviation of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.1%. Furthermore, the polarization device generates a homogeneous magnetic flux in the air gap, so that the static magnetic flux for every two stripline resonators of the resonator device at the position of a first stripline resonator has essentially the same field strength as at the position of a second stripline resonator.
- such a design of the resonator device and such a tuning of the polarization device can meet very extensive requirements for automated testing of data carriers, in particular banknotes.
- the completeness of the data carrier can be checked by means of the spatial resolution achieved with a spin resonance feature introduced flatly into the data carrier.
- the design according to the invention can be used to carry out a spatially resolved measurement of the feature and thus check a predetermined, specified geometry and position of the feature.
- stripline resonators used are fundamentally characterized by the fact that their sensitive area is very easily accessible and they are suitable for flat surfaces Samples, such as those representing the banknotes to be tested, have a very high fill factor.
- the stripline resonators are sometimes simply referred to as resonators below.
- the static magnetic flux at the location of each two stripline resonators of the resonator device has a maximum deviation of 2%.
- the stripline resonators of the resonator device are arranged in the form of a one-dimensional array.
- the resonator device can in particular contain two, three, four, five or six stripline resonators, although a larger number of stripline resonators, for example a multi-track arrangement with two or three tracks with five stripline resonators each, can also be advantageous. While a one-dimensional array enables a spatially resolved measurement on a moving data carrier, a multi-track arrangement can also be used to carry out a spatially resolved measurement on a stationary data carrier.
- each of the stripline resonators of the resonator device is advantageously fed by a different signal source.
- the stripline resonators can also be fed by a single signal source via a multiplexer.
- a hybrid design is also possible, in which the stripline resonators of the resonator device are divided into several groups, and the resonators of each group are each fed by a single signal source via a multiplexer, while different groups are fed by different signal sources.
- the plurality of stripline resonators advantageously covers an area that covers the entire width of the data carrier to be checked, in particular a banknote. This can then be accessed via a linear scan along the length of the data carrier Completeness must be checked because during the scan every position on the data carrier is recorded by a stripline resonator. If a test is planned on a stationary test object, the plurality of stripline resonators advantageously covers an area that covers the entire area of the data carrier to be tested, in particular a banknote.
- the stripline resonators of the resonator device advantageously have the same resonance frequency, for example the resonance frequencies differ from one another by less than 1%, preferably by less than 0.1%.
- the stripline resonators are also designed and set up to test the spin resonance feature in the same spatial mode of the excitation field; particularly preferably, the stripline resonators have the same geometric shape, for example a square, a rectangular or a ring shape.
- the magnetic core preferably consists of a ferromagnetic material with a magnetic permeability
- the stripline resonators are advantageously designed to be flat with a main extension plane which is plane-parallel to at least one of the pole faces of the magnetic core delimiting the air gap.
- the main extension plane is also advantageously perpendicular to the direction of the static magnetic flux generated by the polarization device; within the scope of this description, the direction of the static magnetic flux is also referred to as the z-direction.
- the main extension plane of the stripline resonators then extends in the xy plane perpendicular to the z direction.
- the sensor element further has a modulation device for generating a time-varying magnetic modulation field in the air gap, the modulation frequency preferably being the same for all stripline resonators of the resonator device.
- the modulation frequency at the location of two stripline resonators differs from each other by a maximum of 2%.
- the modulation device is advantageously formed by an individual modulation coil, in particular an individual planar coil, arranged in the air gap.
- the air gap advantageously has a height, i.e. a dimension in the z direction, of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm. This allows a particularly strong polarization field, i.e. a strong static magnetic flux, to be generated in the air gap.
- the resonator device is advantageously arranged in the air gap in such a way that a flat data carrier introduced for testing is located in the near field of the excitation field generated by the stripline resonators.
- At least some of the stripline resonators mentioned are each replaced by an NxM array of stripline resonators, where N and M are natural numbers and at least one of the values of N and M is greater than 1, with the stripline resonators of the NxM array all being fed by the same signal source and being electrically connected in parallel and/or in series.
- the sensor element further has a ramp coil for generating a ramp function of the static magnetic flux.
- the resonator device is advantageous for the excitation of spin resonance signals with a frequency above 1 GHz, in particular between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, designed. Compared to lower frequencies, this enables higher spectral resolution and a stronger measurement signal.
- the resonator device is in particular also designed to detect spin resonance signals of the spin resonance feature.
- the stripline resonators of the resonator device can in particular record a response signal of the spin resonance feature and output it to a detector.
- the spin resonances can be determined, for example, using a continuous wave (CW) method, a pulsed method or a rapid scan method.
- the stripline resonators can be operated in both reflection and transmission when testing the data carrier.
- the latter has the advantage that no element such as a circulator is required in the signal branch, which separates the signals traveling to and from the resonator.
- the resonator device advantageously comprises a flat support on which the stripline resonators are applied.
- the carrier is expediently formed by a circuit board, which allows reproducible and cost-effective production.
- it is also advantageous, particularly to reduce dielectric losses in the carrier material, to use carriers based on ceramics, Teflon or hydrocarbons.
- the invention also contains a testing device for testing a flat data carrier, in particular a banknote, with a spin resonance feature with a sensor element of the type described above.
- the testing device contains either a plurality of signal sources with the same excitation frequency, from which the stripline resonators the resonator device are fed, or contains a single signal source from which the stripline resonators are fed via a multiplexer.
- the testing device advantageously further contains a transport device which brings the flat data carriers to be tested along a transport path into a testing position in the air gap or passes them through a testing position in the air gap of the magnetic core, the resonator device being arranged in the air gap in such a way that the testing position is in the near field of the excitation field generated by the stripline resonators.
- the transport device is designed and set up in particular for high-speed transport, for example between 1 m/s and 12 m/s, of the flat data carriers to be tested along the transport path.
- the invention also contains a method for testing a flat data carrier, in particular a banknote, with a spin resonance feature by means of a sensor element of the type described or a testing device of the type described, wherein in the method a flat data carrier to be tested is inserted into the air gap of the magnetic core of the said Sensor element is introduced, with the polarization device a static magnetic flux and preferably with a modulation device a time-varying magnetic modulation field is generated in the air gap, and with the resonator device the spin resonance feature of the data carrier to be tested is excited.
- the flat data carrier to be tested is advantageously measured in a spatially resolved manner by exciting the spin resonance feature, and in particular checked for completeness.
- the flat data carrier to be tested is guided along a transport path through the air gap of the magnetic core of the sensor element mentioned and a single-track scan or a multi-track scan of the data carrier is carried out with the stripline resonators of the resonator device.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a testing device of a banknote processing system for measuring spin resonances of a banknote test specimen
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of a resonator device of a sensor element according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows schematically the structure when measuring a paper sample with the resonator device of FIG. 2,
- Fig. 4 signal curves when measuring the spin resonance feature of the paper sample of Fig. 3, and
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit for connecting the resonator device of a sensor element according to the invention with only a single signal branch.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a testing device 20 of a banknote processing system for measuring spin resonances of a banknote test specimen 10.
- the banknote test specimen 10 has a spin resonance feature 12, the characteristic properties of which serve to prove the authenticity of the banknote.
- the spin resonance feature can only be present in a partial area of the banknote or can also extend over the entire surface of the banknote test specimen.
- the testing device 20 contains a sensor element 30 with a magnetic core 35, which has an air gap 32 delimited by two pole surfaces 38, through which the banknote test item 10 is guided along a transport path 14 during the authenticity test.
- the sensor element 30 To detect spin resonance signatures of the spin resonance feature 12, the sensor element 30 generates three different magnetic fields in a measuring area of the air gap 32.
- a polarization device 34 generates a homogeneous, static magnetic flux parallel to the z-axis in the measuring area.
- the height of the air gap in the z direction is advantageously less than 10 mm, in particular even less than 5 mm.
- a modulation device 36 generates a time-varying magnetic modulation field in the air gap, which also runs parallel to the z-axis and has a modulation frequency fMod in the range between 1 kHz to 1 MHz.
- a resonator device 40 generates an excitation field in the air gap that induces the energy transitions between the spin energy levels in the spin resonance feature 12.
- the excitation field typically has frequencies above 1 GHz and is polarized perpendicular to the z-direction.
- the frequency of the excitation field is tuned to the Larmor frequency of the spin resonance feature 12 to be detected in order to measure its spin resonance signature to be used for authenticity testing.
- the testing device 20 contains a signal source 22, the excitation frequency of which corresponds to the expected Larmor frequency of the spin resonance feature 12.
- the excitation signal from the signal source 22 is fed via a duplexer 24 to a resonator device 40 and generates an alternating magnetic field of frequency fMw there.
- the testing device 20 contains a detector diode 26 for measuring the high-frequency power reflected by the resonator device 40 and an evaluation unit 28 for evaluating and, if necessary, displaying the measurement result. If the spin resonance feature 12 resonates at a coupled frequency, the resonator quality changes and thus the power reflected by the stripline resonators. Due to the modulation of the static polarization field by the modulation device 36, the exact value of the Larmor frequency of the sample oscillates, so that the measurement signal obtained is amplitude modulated with the modulation frequency.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically the design of the resonator device 40 of a sensor element 30 according to the invention according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the resonator device 40 comprises a flat support, for example a circuit board 42, on which a plurality of stripline resonators 46 are arranged for a spatially resolved measurement, which are operated independently of one another at the same excitation frequency.
- the resonator device 40 in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 contains a 2x1 array of two stripline resonators 46-1, 46-2, which form a one-dimensional array extending perpendicular to the transport direction 14.
- the spin resonance intensity of the banknote test specimen 10 can be measured in a spatially resolved manner, namely along two spaced-apart tracks parallel to the transport direction 14.
- Figure 2 shows a small array with only 2x1 stripline resonators to explain the functional principle, but it goes without saying that in In practice, one-dimensional arrays with more than two, for example 3, 4, 5, 6 or 10, resonators are also possible in order to achieve a higher spatial resolution.
- Two-dimensional arrays for example with 2x2, with 2x4 or 2x10 resonators are also possible and enable a spatially resolved measurement even on a stationary banknote test specimen 10.
- the plurality of stripline resonators is preferably arranged in the form of a linear array or two-dimensionally on the grid points of a regular grid, for example in a rectangular, hexagonal or row-by-line arrangement.
- the polarization device 34 generates a homogeneous static magnetic flux in the air gap 32, so that the static magnetic flux for every two stripline resonators 46-1, 46-2 of the resonator device 40 at the position of a first stripline resonator 46-1 is essentially the same Field strength has as at the position of a second stripline resonator 46-2. “Essentially” the same field strength means that the field strengths at the positions of the stripline resonators 46-1, 46-2 differ by a maximum of 2%.
- the resonator device 40 contains two square X/2 strip line resonators 46-1, 46-2, which are constructed on a circuit board 42 with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a dielectric constant of 3.66.
- the resonators 46-1, 46-2 have an edge length of 7.1 mm, corresponding to a resonance frequency of 9.8 GHz, and are arranged on the circuit board 42 at a distance of 50 mm from one another in the y-direction perpendicular to the transport direction 14 .
- the impedance of the resonators 46-1, 46-2 is transformed to 50 Q using an X/4 transformer.
- the Polarization field Bo and the modulation field B mod are identical at the location of the two resonators 46-1, 46-2.
- a measurement on a suitably prepared paper sample 60 was simulated using such a resonator device 40.
- a paper sample with a height of 100 mm was first loaded with a spin resonance feature 62 over its entire surface. After feature loading, a 35 mm x 35 mm part was cut out in the upper area of the sample and replaced with a feature-free paper part 64.
- the sample 60 prepared in this way is moved along the transport direction 14 centrally over the resonator device 40 with the two stripline resonators 46-1, 46-2, and the spin resonance signal obtained is recorded.
- the Larmor frequency of the spin resonance feature just corresponds to the resonance frequency of 9.8 GHz of the two resonators 46-1, 46-2.
- the simulated signal intensities obtained in this way are shown for the upper resonator 46-1 as a signal curve 72-1 and for the lower resonator 46-2 as a signal curve 72-2 depending on the location x.
- the signal curves were normalized to the average signal intensity of the undisturbed signal curve 72-2 and shown slightly offset for better clarity.
- the ordinate is labeled I and indicates the standardized intensity.
- the abscissa is labeled x and indicates the position in mm.
- the plurality of stripline resonators of the resonator device can advantageously be operated with the aid of independent signal sources. This requires however, also that the stripline resonators are connected to independent signal branches, which requires a lot of space for circuit implementation, especially with a large number of resonators.
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative circuit 80 for connecting a resonator device 40 of a sensor element according to the invention with only a single signal branch 82. All three stripline resonators 46-1, 46-2, 46-3 of the resonator device 40 are connected to the circulator via a multiplexer 84 86 of this signal branch connected. Since only one signal branch 82 with only one signal source 22 is used, the space required is small. It is also ensured without further measures that the stripline resonators 46-1, 46-2, 46-3 are operated with the same excitation frequency. For the sake of simplicity, three resonators are shown in the circuit 80 of FIG. 5, but with a multiplexer a different, in particular larger, number of resonators can also be fed from a single signal source 22.
- measurements can only be carried out with a single resonator 46-1, 46-2 or 46-3 at any time.
- gaps arise between the locations on the test specimen where the spin resonance is measured, and there are therefore locations where no measurement takes place. Measuring points in neighboring tracks are offset from one another in the transport direction.
- a hybrid solution can also be selected in which the stripline resonators of the resonator device are divided into several groups, the resonators of which are each connected to a single signal branch.
- a resonator device with 9 stripline resonators can be divided into three groups, each with three resonators, each of which is connected to a single signal branch via a multiplexer. In this way, the required installation space can be reduced to around a third and at the same time a high measurement coverage of the test object can be achieved.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23722827.5A EP4519849A1 (de) | 2022-05-06 | 2023-05-05 | Sensorelement, prüfvorrichtung und verfahren für die prüfung eines datenträgers mit spinresonanz-merkmal |
| CN202380037872.2A CN119156652A (zh) | 2022-05-06 | 2023-05-05 | 用于检查具有自旋共振特征的数据载体的传感器元件、检查装置和方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022001597.8 | 2022-05-06 | ||
| DE102022001597.8A DE102022001597A1 (de) | 2022-05-06 | 2022-05-06 | Sensorelement, Prüfvorrichtung und Verfahren für die Prüfung eines Datenträgers mit Spinresonanz-Merkmal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023213440A1 true WO2023213440A1 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
Family
ID=86330863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/025211 Ceased WO2023213440A1 (de) | 2022-05-06 | 2023-05-05 | Sensorelement, prüfvorrichtung und verfahren für die prüfung eines datenträgers mit spinresonanz-merkmal |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4519849A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119156652A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022001597A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023213440A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5149946A (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1992-09-22 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Method of authenticating an object by electron paramagnetic resonance, apparatus for implementing the method, and an object useable with the method |
| US20140117988A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2014-05-01 | Cosiglio Nazionale Delle Richerche | Magnetic resonance hyperpolarization and multiple irradiation probe probe head |
| KR20210054222A (ko) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-13 | 가천대학교 산학협력단 | 마이크로스트립 라인 기반의 자기공명 영상용 이중 튜닝 rf 코일 |
| DE102020006201A1 (de) * | 2020-10-08 | 2022-04-14 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Echtheitsprüfung eines Datenträgers mit Nullfeld-NMR-Merkmal |
-
2022
- 2022-05-06 DE DE102022001597.8A patent/DE102022001597A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-05-05 WO PCT/EP2023/025211 patent/WO2023213440A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-05 CN CN202380037872.2A patent/CN119156652A/zh active Pending
- 2023-05-05 EP EP23722827.5A patent/EP4519849A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5149946A (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1992-09-22 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Method of authenticating an object by electron paramagnetic resonance, apparatus for implementing the method, and an object useable with the method |
| US20140117988A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2014-05-01 | Cosiglio Nazionale Delle Richerche | Magnetic resonance hyperpolarization and multiple irradiation probe probe head |
| US9448290B2 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2016-09-20 | Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche | Magnetic resonance hyperpolarization and multiple irradiation probe head |
| KR20210054222A (ko) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-13 | 가천대학교 산학협력단 | 마이크로스트립 라인 기반의 자기공명 영상용 이중 튜닝 rf 코일 |
| DE102020006201A1 (de) * | 2020-10-08 | 2022-04-14 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Echtheitsprüfung eines Datenträgers mit Nullfeld-NMR-Merkmal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022001597A1 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
| EP4519849A1 (de) | 2025-03-12 |
| CN119156652A (zh) | 2024-12-17 |
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