WO2023210096A1 - 成膜装置、成膜方法、および電子デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
成膜装置、成膜方法、および電子デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023210096A1 WO2023210096A1 PCT/JP2023/003900 JP2023003900W WO2023210096A1 WO 2023210096 A1 WO2023210096 A1 WO 2023210096A1 JP 2023003900 W JP2023003900 W JP 2023003900W WO 2023210096 A1 WO2023210096 A1 WO 2023210096A1
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- substrate
- mask
- film forming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/50—Substrate holders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/54—Controlling or regulating the coating process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/16—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering
- H10K71/166—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering using selective deposition, e.g. using a mask
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film forming apparatus, a film forming method, and an electronic device manufacturing method.
- an organic EL display device includes a multilayer organic EL element in which a functional layer including a light-emitting layer, which is an organic layer that causes light emission, is formed between two opposing electrodes.
- the functional layer and electrode layer of an organic EL element are formed by depositing a film forming material on a substrate such as glass through a mask in a chamber of a film forming apparatus. In order to improve the quality of manufactured panels, it is necessary to accurately align (position adjust) the substrate and mask to bring them into close contact before attaching a film-forming material to the substrate.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-083311 discloses that before the substrate and the mask are brought into close contact, the substrate and the mask are aligned by photographing marks on the substrate and the mask using a camera. There is. Further, Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-190536) discloses that while a patterned mask is moved relative to the substrate, a film forming source is also moved.
- JP2019-083311A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2011-190536
- the mask and the substrate may thermally expand within the film forming apparatus, especially when using a high-heat evaporation source as the film forming source.
- a high-heat evaporation source as the film forming source.
- the positional relationship between the mask and the substrate will shift due to the influence of thermal expansion during film formation.
- the position where the film is actually formed may deviate from the desired position where the film is to be formed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for suppressing a shift between a desired film-forming position on a substrate and an actual film-forming position, which may occur after alignment of a substrate and a mask.
- the present invention employs the following configuration. That is, alignment means for aligning the substrate and the mask using a substrate mark provided on the substrate and a mask mark provided on the mask; a contact means for bringing the mask into close contact with the substrate aligned by the alignment means; a film forming means for forming a film on the substrate through the mask that is in close contact with the substrate by a pre-adhering means;
- a film forming apparatus having: The film forming apparatus includes a photographing means for photographing at least one of the substrate mark and the mask mark after the film forming means starts forming a film.
- a film forming method using a film forming apparatus comprising an alignment means, a close contact means, a film forming means, and a photographing means, an alignment step in which the alignment means aligns the substrate and the mask using a substrate mark provided on the substrate and a mask mark provided on the mask; a close contact step in which the close contact unit brings the substrate and the mask into close contact after the alignment; a film forming step in which the film forming means forms a film on the substrate via the mask after bringing the substrate and the mask into close contact; has
- the film forming method is characterized in that the photographing means photographs at least one of the substrate mark and the mask mark after the film formation in the film forming step is started.
- a technique for suppressing a shift between a desired film-forming position on a substrate and an actual film-forming position that may occur after alignment of a substrate and a mask.
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of an electronic device manufacturing line including the film forming apparatus of Example 1
- Cross-sectional view showing the internal configuration of the film forming apparatus of Example 1 A perspective view showing a configuration for supporting a substrate in Example 1.
- a diagram showing the relationship between substrate marks, mask marks, and imaging areas in Example 1 Flow diagram explaining correction in Example 1 Diagram illustrating expansion and deformation of the substrate S in Example 1 Diagram illustrating calculation of deviation amount in Example 1
- Example 2 Diagram explaining the configuration of an electronic device Diagram explaining the conventional ideal film formation process Diagram explaining the influence of thermal expansion on film formation Diagram explaining how to correct the effects of thermal expansion Flow diagram explaining correction of thermal expansion assumed in conventional technology
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. However, the following embodiments merely illustrate preferred configurations of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these configurations. Furthermore, in the following description, the scope of the present invention is limited to the hardware configuration, software configuration, processing flow, manufacturing conditions, dimensions, materials, shape, etc. of the device, unless otherwise specified. It's not the purpose.
- the present invention is suitable for a film forming apparatus that forms a thin film of a film forming material by vapor deposition or sputtering on the surface of a film forming object such as a substrate.
- the present invention can be understood as a film forming apparatus, a film forming method, and a method of controlling the film forming apparatus.
- the present invention can also be regarded as an electronic device manufacturing apparatus, a control method thereof, and an electronic device manufacturing method.
- the present invention can also be understood as a program that causes a computer to execute an alignment method, a film forming method, or a control method, and a storage medium that stores the program.
- a storage medium may be a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
- the present invention can be preferably applied to a film forming apparatus that forms a thin film in a desired pattern on the surface of a substrate to be film-formed via a mask.
- Any material such as glass, resin, metal, silicon, etc. can be used as the material for the substrate.
- As the film-forming material any material such as an organic material or an inorganic material (metal, metal oxide) can be used.
- substrate in the following description includes a substrate material on which one or more films have already been formed.
- the technique of the present invention is typically applied to manufacturing equipment for electronic devices and optical members. In particular, it is suitable for organic electronic devices such as organic EL displays including organic EL elements and organic EL display devices using the same.
- the present invention can also be used in thin film solar cells and organic CMOS image sensors.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the configuration of an electronic device manufacturing line.
- a production line can be said to be a film forming system including a film forming apparatus.
- a manufacturing line for organic EL displays will be explained.
- a substrate of a predetermined size is carried into a manufacturing line, and after organic EL and metal layers are formed, post-processing steps such as cutting the substrate are performed.
- the film formation cluster 1 of the production line includes a transfer chamber 130 arranged in the center, and a film formation chamber 110 and a mask stock chamber 120 arranged around the transfer chamber 130.
- the film forming chamber 110 includes a film forming apparatus, and performs a film forming process on the substrate S.
- the mask stock chamber 120 stores masks before and after use. Different film forming materials may be arranged in each of the plurality of film forming chambers 110 so that a plurality of films can be formed on the substrate in one film forming cluster 1. Alternatively, the same film-forming material may be placed in a plurality of film-forming chambers 110, and film-forming may be performed on a plurality of substrates S in parallel.
- a transfer robot 140 installed in the transfer chamber 130 carries the substrate S and mask M into and out of the transfer chamber 130.
- the transfer robot 140 is, for example, a robot in which a robot hand for holding a substrate S or a mask M is attached to a multi-joint arm.
- Each chamber such as the film forming chamber 110, the mask stock chamber 120, the transfer chamber 130, the pass chamber 150, the buffer chamber 160, and the rotation chamber 170 is maintained in a high vacuum state during the manufacturing process of the organic EL display panel.
- the film formation cluster 1 includes a pass chamber 150 that transports the substrate S flowing from the upstream side in the substrate transport direction to the transport chamber 130, and a pass chamber 150 that transports the substrate S that has been subjected to the film formation process in the transport chamber 130 to another downstream side.
- a buffer chamber 160 is included for transporting to the deposition cluster.
- the transfer robot 140 in the transfer chamber 130 receives the substrate S from the pass chamber 150 and transfers it to one of the plurality of film forming chambers 110.
- the transport robot 140 also receives the substrate S on which the film formation process has been completed from the film formation chamber 110 and transports it to the buffer chamber 160.
- a turning chamber 170 for changing the direction of the substrate S is provided further upstream of the pass chamber 150 and further downstream of the buffer chamber 160.
- a required number of such film-forming clusters 1 may be arranged in a connected manner on the production line depending on the number of layers to be stacked on the substrate.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the film forming apparatus.
- a film forming apparatus 108 is provided in each of the plurality of film forming chambers 110.
- the film forming apparatus 108 performs a series of film forming processes such as transferring the substrate S and the mask M to and from the transport robot 140, adjusting the relative positions of the substrate S and the mask M (alignment), fixing the mask and the substrate S, and forming a film. It will be done.
- an XYZ orthogonal coordinate system in which the vertical direction is the Z direction is used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the XYZ orthogonal coordinate system when the substrate S is fixed parallel to the horizontal plane (XY plane) during film formation, the longitudinal direction of the rectangular substrate S having long sides and short sides is the X direction, and the short direction is the Y direction. direction. Further, the rotation angle around the Z axis is represented by ⁇ .
- the film forming apparatus 108 has a vacuum chamber 200.
- the interior of the vacuum chamber 200 is maintained in a vacuum atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas.
- a substrate support unit 210, a mask M, a mask stand 228, a cooling plate 230, and an evaporation source 240 are provided inside the vacuum chamber 200.
- the substrate support unit 210 is a substrate support means that supports the substrate S received from the transfer robot 140.
- the mask M has an opening pattern corresponding to the thin film pattern formed on the substrate.
- a metal mask having a configuration in which a metal foil provided with an opening pattern is stretched over a highly rigid frame is used.
- the mask stand 228 having a frame-like structure is a mask support means on which the mask M is placed. In this embodiment, after the substrate S and the mask M are aligned, the substrate S is placed on the mask, and film formation is performed.
- the cooling plate 230 is a plate-like member that contacts the surface of the substrate S opposite to the surface that contacts the mask M during film formation, and suppresses the temperature rise of the substrate S during film formation. By cooling the substrate S with the cooling plate 230, alteration and deterioration of the organic material is suppressed.
- the cooling plate 230 can also cool the mask M that is in contact with the substrate S through the substrate S.
- the cooling plate 230 may also serve as a magnet plate for attracting the mask M by magnetic force to improve the adhesion between the substrate S and the mask M during film formation. Note that in order to improve the adhesion between the substrate S and the mask M, the substrate support unit 210 may hold both the substrate S and the mask M.
- the evaporation source 240 is composed of a crucible that is a container that houses the evaporation material, a heater that heats the crucible, an openable and closable shutter for controlling the scattering state of the evaporation material, an evaporation rate monitor, and the like.
- the film forming apparatus 108 may include a drive mechanism that moves the evaporation source 240. By forming the film while the evaporation source 240 moves through the operation of the drive mechanism, the film thickness on the substrate can be made uniform.
- the drive mechanism may be configured to retreat the evaporation source 240 to a predetermined position (home position) except during film formation, and move the evaporation source 240 when film formation is started.
- an evaporation source 240 that heats and evaporates a film forming material (evaporation material) is used as a film forming source.
- the film formation source is not limited to the evaporation source 240, and may be a sputtering device using a sputtering target, for example.
- the evaporation source 240 is a film forming means that forms a film on the substrate via the mask M after the substrate S and the mask M are brought into close contact with each other. Note that the evaporation source 240 and the control section 270 may be considered to be a film forming means.
- a substrate Z actuator 250, a clamp Z actuator 251, and a cooling plate Z actuator 252 are provided at the outer upper part of the vacuum chamber 200.
- Each actuator is composed of, for example, a motor and a ball screw, a motor and a linear guide, or the like.
- An alignment stage 280 is further provided on the outside of the vacuum chamber 200 .
- the substrate Z actuator 250 is a driving means that moves the entire substrate support unit 210 up and down in the Z-axis direction.
- the clamp Z actuator 251 is a driving means for opening and closing the clamping mechanism of the substrate support unit 210.
- the cooling plate Z actuator 252 is a driving means for raising and lowering the cooling plate 230.
- the alignment stage 280 moves the substrate S in the XY directions and rotates it in the ⁇ direction to change its position with respect to the mask M.
- the alignment stage 280 is an alignment means that performs an alignment process in which the substrate S and the mask M are aligned.
- the alignment stage 280 includes a chamber fixing part 281 connected to and fixed to the vacuum chamber 200, an actuator part 282 for performing XY ⁇ movement, and a connecting part 283 connected to the substrate support unit 210. Note that the alignment stage 280 and the substrate support unit 210 may be considered as an alignment means. Further, the control section 270 may be added to the alignment stage 280 and the substrate support unit 210 and considered as alignment means.
- an actuator in which an X actuator, a Y actuator, and a ⁇ actuator are stacked may be used.
- a UVW type actuator in which a plurality of actuators cooperate may be used. Regardless of the type of actuator unit 282, it is driven in accordance with a control signal transmitted from the control unit 270 to move the substrate S in the X direction and the Y direction and rotate it in the ⁇ direction.
- the control signal indicates the amount of operation of each XY ⁇ actuator in the case of a stacked actuator, and indicates the amount of operation of each UVW actuator in the case of a UVW type actuator.
- the alignment stage 280 moves the substrate support unit 210 in XY ⁇ .
- the position of the substrate S is adjusted, but it is sufficient if the relative positional relationship between the substrate S and the mask M within a plane can be adjusted. Therefore, a configuration in which the position of the mask M is adjusted or a configuration in which the positions of both the substrate S and the mask M may be adjusted may be used.
- the substrate support unit 210 includes a support frame 301 provided with a plurality of supports 300 that support each side of the substrate S, and a clamp member 303 provided with a plurality of pressing tools 302.
- the plurality of pressing tools 302 and the plurality of supporting tools 300 sandwich and fix the substrate S therebetween.
- a pair of supporting tools 300 and a pressing tool 302 constitute one clamping mechanism 305.
- the number and arrangement of the holding mechanisms 305 are not limited to this.
- a method in which the substrate S is placed on a support may be used.
- an electrostatic chuck that attracts the substrate S using electrostatic force may be used.
- the substrate Z actuator 250 is driven to move the substrate support unit 210 and raise and lower the substrate S. As a result, the substrate S and the mask M are brought closer to each other or separated from each other. By further lowering the substrate S, the substrate S and the mask M can be brought into close contact with each other. Therefore, the substrate Z actuator 250 is a contact means that performs the process of bringing the substrate S and the mask M into close contact with each other. Note that the substrate Z actuator 250 and the control section 270 can also be considered as a contact means.
- the alignment stage 280 In the XY ⁇ movement of the substrate S, the alignment stage 280 translates the substrate S in the XY directions or rotationally moves the substrate S in the ⁇ direction.
- the substrate S moves within the XY plane on which the substrate is arranged, and the XY plane is approximately parallel to the plane on which the mask M is arranged. That is, when the substrate S moves in XY ⁇ , the distance between the substrate S and the mask M in the Z direction does not change, but the position of the substrate S changes within the XY plane. Thereby, the substrate S and the mask M are aligned in-plane.
- a plurality of cameras are provided on the outside of the vacuum chamber 200 to perform optical imaging and generate image data.
- the plurality of cameras include four first cameras 260 (alignment cameras) whose imaging areas are the four corners of the substrate S and mask M, and four first cameras 260 (alignment cameras) whose imaging areas are the four corners of the substrate S and mask M;
- Two second cameras 261 additional cameras, cameras for imaging during film formation) whose imaging area is the central part are included.
- the first camera 260 is used for alignment of the substrate S and mask M.
- the second camera 261 is a camera added to photograph the state of the substrate mark and mask mark during film formation after the film formation has started (after the start of film formation).
- the first camera 260 may be used for imaging during film formation.
- the second camera 261 may be used for alignment in addition to the first camera 260.
- the first camera 260 and the second camera 261 take images through a window provided on the top plate of the vacuum chamber 200.
- the alignment between the substrate S and the mask M in this embodiment is a one-step alignment using the first camera 260.
- a two-step alignment including rough alignment, which is a rough alignment, and fine alignment, which is a fine alignment may be performed.
- the film forming apparatus 108 is preferably provided with a camera for rough alignment that has a low resolution but a wide field of view, and a camera for fine alignment that has a narrow field of view but has a high resolution.
- the control unit 270 acquires position information of the first board mark 103 and the first mask mark 223 by analyzing the image data captured by the first camera 260.
- the control unit 270 calculates the distance and angle between the first substrate mark 103 and the first mask mark 223, and determines whether the distance and angle are within a predetermined tolerance range. If the distance or angle exceeds a predetermined allowable range, the amount of movement of the substrate S within the plane is calculated. Then, the control amount of the alignment stage 280 is calculated based on the movement amount, and the substrate S is moved within the plane.
- the control unit 270 controls the operation of each actuator of the actuator unit 282, controls the shooting of the camera 261 and analyzes image data, controls the loading and unloading of the substrate S and the mask M, controls the alignment, controls the film forming source, and controls the film forming process. control and various other control processes.
- the control unit 270 can be configured by, for example, a computer having a processor, memory, storage, I/O, and the like. In this case, the functions of the control unit 270 are realized by the processor executing a program stored in memory or storage.
- a general-purpose personal computer, a built-in computer, or a PLC (programmable logic controller) may be used.
- control unit 270 may be configured with a circuit such as an ASIC or an FPGA. Note that the control section 270 may be provided for each film forming apparatus, or one control section 270 may control a plurality of film forming apparatuses.
- FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of board marks provided on the board S.
- the first board marks 103 of this embodiment are provided at the four corners of the board S, and when it is necessary to distinguish each location, they are written as 103a to 103d with subscripts a to d.
- the first substrate mark 103 of this embodiment is mainly calculated by calculating the angular deviation from the adjacent mark (indicated by a cross in the figure) that comes to a position adjacent to the first mask mark 223 when properly aligned.
- angle marks There are two types of angle marks (shown as squares in the figure) used to If it is necessary to distinguish between them, suffixes 103a1, 103b1, etc. are attached to adjacent marks, and suffixes 103a2, 103b2, . . . are attached to angle marks.
- suffixes 103a1, 103b1, etc. are attached to adjacent marks
- suffixes 103a2, 103b2, . . . are attached to angle marks.
- it is not always necessary to use two types of board marks and a configuration in which one of the board marks and the mask mark is in a predetermined positional relationship may be used.
- the board S is further provided with two second board marks 104 at the center of the long sides (longitudinal sides) of the board S. If it is necessary to distinguish between the two, they are written as 104a to 104b with a subscript.
- the second board mark 104 also includes two types: adjacent marks (104a1, 104b1) and angle marks (104a2, 104b2).
- FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of mask marks provided on the mask M.
- the mask M has a structure in which a foil 222 made of metal foil or the like is stretched over a frame 221 which is a mask frame made of a highly rigid metal material or the like.
- the foil 222 is provided with openings corresponding to the film formation pattern.
- the frame body 221 may be provided with a crosspiece having a shape along the cutting line when cutting the panel, and thereby it is expected that the strength will be improved.
- the first mask marks 223 of this embodiment are provided at the four corners of the mask M, and if it is necessary to distinguish each location, subscripts a to d are added.
- the mask M is further provided with two second mask marks 224 (224a, 224b) at the center of the long sides of the mask M.
- FIG. 6 is a transparent view showing how the substrate S and mask M are overlapped.
- the substrate S and the mask M have the same size in plan view, but the size is not limited to this.
- a total of four first cameras 260 are arranged, one above each of the four corners of the substrate S and the mask M, and are distinguished by adding subscripts 260a to 260d as necessary.
- one second camera 261 (261a, 261b) is arranged above the center of the long side of the substrate S and the mask M, respectively.
- the broken line circle indicates the imaging area of each camera.
- the imaging areas of the first cameras 260a to 260d are first imaging areas 263a to 263d.
- the imaging areas of the second cameras 261a to 261b are second imaging areas 264a to 264b.
- the first imaging area 263 has a mark adjacent to the first substrate mark 103, an angle mark, and a first mask mark 223, as shown in the figure.
- Each is included.
- the second imaging region 264 includes one adjacent mark of the second substrate mark 104, one angle mark, and one second mask mark 224.
- the first substrate mark 103 and the second substrate mark 104 are formed on the substrate by photolithography. Further, the first mask mark 223 is formed on the frame 221 of the mask M by machining. Further, the second mask mark 224 is formed on the foil 222 portion of the mask M by printing.
- the method for forming the mark and the position at which the mark is formed are not limited to these, and can be appropriately selected depending on the material and the like. Further, the shape and size of the mark can be set as appropriate depending on the performance of the camera and the ability of image analysis.
- the number and installation locations of alignment marks, and the number, installation locations, and types of cameras are not limited to this example.
- FIG. 12A is a transparent diagram showing the relationship between the marks on the substrate S and the mask M and the imaging area of the camera.
- the substrate S and the mask M have the same size and are aligned and overlapped.
- the substrate S is provided with substrate marks 103 (103a to 103d), and the mask M is provided with mask marks 223 (223a to 223d).
- Four cameras are photographing the imaging area 263 (263a to 263d).
- the mask M is divided into a frame 221 and a foil 222 by an inner edge 221a of the frame 221.
- the foil 222 is divided by a dotted boundary line 222b into an outer blank area 222a and an inner pattern forming area 222c provided with an opening through which the film forming material passes.
- FIG. 12(b) shows the substrate S on which the film has been formed, when no thermal expansion occurs in the substrate S or the mask M during film formation.
- the film 11 is formed on the surface of the film-formed substrate S in accordance with the opening provided in the pattern formation region 222c.
- FIG. 13(a) shows how the substrate S expands significantly in the lower right direction on the paper due to the heating of the evaporation source during film formation.
- Such oriented expansion may occur, for example, due to the relative positional relationship between the film forming source serving as a heat source and the substrate S.
- the imaging Even if precise alignment as shown in FIG. 12(a) is performed before film formation, as film formation progresses and thermal expansion progresses, the imaging The positional relationship between the substrate mark 103 and the mask mark 223 within the region 263 no longer satisfies the predetermined standard.
- FIG. 13(b) shows the substrate S(b) and the film 11(b) when vapor deposition is performed in such a thermally expanded state.
- the mask M since the mask M is not thermally expanded, the position and size of the pattern forming area 222c remain the same. Therefore, as the substrate S(b) expands in the lower right direction, the relative position of the film 11(b) on the substrate S(b) shifts.
- FIG. 13(c) shows how the substrate S(b) in FIG. 13(b) is cooled. The size of the substrate S(c) shrinks and returns to its original size due to cooling. At this time, the position where the film 11(c) is formed is shifted from the desired film formation position.
- the inventor of the present application has conducted studies focusing on offset correction to reduce the influence of such thermal expansion. Problems that are expected to occur with conventional offset correction will be described below.
- a flow for explaining the influence of thermal expansion that may occur under the assumption of film formation and offset correction for the thermal expansion that is assumed based on the conventional state of the art will be described.
- the inventor recognized through study that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate S tends to be higher than that of the mask M.
- the present invention can be applied even when the mask M has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the substrate S.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the contents of the correction assumed in the conventional state of the art.
- FIG. 14(a) shows the same substrate S(c) as shown in FIG. 13(c), and the position of the film 11(c) is shifted from the planned film formation position.
- FIG. 14(b) shows a substrate S(i) on which an ideal film 11(i), which is the same as that shown in FIG. 12(b) and would be formed without thermal expansion, is formed.
- the flow of FIG. 15 described below shows a method of reducing the influence of thermal expansion in the conventional state of the art.
- step S101 the transport robot 140 transports the mask M into the film forming chamber 110.
- step S102 the transport robot 140 transports the substrate S into the film forming chamber 110.
- step S103 the substrate Z actuator 250 brings the distance between the substrate S and the mask M in the Z direction closer to a predetermined alignment distance.
- step S104 the first camera 260 images the first imaging area 263, and detects the first board mark 103 and the first mask mark 223 by image analysis.
- step S105 the control unit 270 calculates the amount of movement of the substrate S in each of the XY ⁇ directions based on the positional relationship between the first substrate mark 103 and the first mask mark 223.
- step S106 the control unit 270 corrects the movement amount based on the offset amount stored in a storage unit such as a memory. This offset amount will be described later. Note that if the offset amount has not been calculated, no correction is performed.
- step S107 the alignment stage 280 moves the substrate S within the noodle using a control amount in which the movement amount is corrected by the offset amount. Then, the substrate Z actuator 250 places the substrate S on the mask M and brings it into close contact.
- step S108 the evaporation source 240 starts heating to evaporate the film forming material, forming the film 11 according to the opening of the mask M. In this step, the substrate S expands due to the influence of heating.
- step S109 the transport robot 104 carries out the substrate S on which the film has been formed from the film forming chamber 110.
- step S110 the control unit 270 determines whether a predetermined number of substrates S have been processed using a certain mask M. If the predetermined number of substrates has not been reached (NO), the process returns to step S102 to process the next substrate S. If the predetermined number of masks has been reached (YES), the process advances to step S111, and the transport robot 104 transports the masks M from the film forming chamber 110. In step S112, the control unit 270 determines whether the entire film forming process is completed. If completed (YES), the process ends. If not completed, continue processing.
- Steps S113 to S115 are offset amount calculation processing. That is, in this hypothetical example, the correction calculation is redone every time the mask M is replaced.
- the control unit 270 uses the first camera 260 to image the substrate S(c) on which the film 11(c) is actually formed, as shown in FIG. Get location information. For example, if the four corners of the film 11(c) fit within the imaging areas of each of the four first cameras 260, the range of the film 11(c) may be specified based on the positions of the four corners. Alternatively, a camera capable of photographing the entire substrate S(c) may be used.
- the control unit 270 analyzes the captured image and calculates the coordinates (A, B) of the center of the range of the film 11(c) based on the coordinates of the four corners.
- step S114 the control unit 270 calculates the amount of deviation of the film formation pattern from the assumed position, which in this assumed example is (AC, BD).
- step S115 the control unit 270 calculates the offset amount of the substrate S at the time of alignment based on the amount of deviation, and in this hypothetical example, moves the substrate S to the lower right so as to compensate for the deviation to the upper left.
- offset (CA, DB) (arrow F).
- the coordinates (C, D) of the center of the film 11(i) in the ideal film formation pattern shown in FIG. 14(b) and the center of the film 11(i) when actually formed are simply Although the coordinates (A, B) have been compared, it is also preferable to calculate the offset amount in consideration of more complicated deformation.
- the coordinates of the four corners of the film 11(c) actually formed and the deformation of the sides are analyzed and reflected in the amount of offset in the XY directions. It is also preferable to measure and calculate the rotational component of the substrate S during the expansion process, and to reflect it in the ⁇ -direction offset amount.
- the film formation pattern formed on the substrate S is analyzed at the timing of exchanging the mask M, the amount of deviation is calculated, and the amount of deviation is reflected in the amount of offset during alignment. Ta.
- the timing to replace the mask M is after the completion of film formation on a predetermined number of substrates S, time passes before the amount of positional deviation is reflected in the offset amount, and the correction cannot be made in time.
- the film formation pattern can only be analyzed using the above flow after film formation has finished, it is not possible to measure the thermal expansion that actually occurs during film formation, and there is still room for improvement in offset accuracy. It remained.
- the film formation pattern on the substrate is analyzed after step S109 in the flow of FIG. 15, and the analysis is reflected in the offset amount of the next substrate S.
- each process of imaging, analysis, and offset calculation is required each time one substrate S is deposited, so there is a problem that the takt time becomes long.
- Offset correction in this example As a result of the inventor's intensive study of the above-mentioned problems, it has become possible to grasp the positional deviation during film formation by imaging and analyzing the marks on the substrate S and mask M after the start of film formation, which improves real-time performance. It has been found that the offset correction is high and that accurate offset correction is possible.
- the offset correction of this embodiment will be explained below. The relationship between the marks arranged on the substrate S and the mask M of this embodiment and the imaging area of each camera is as described above using FIGS. 4 to 6.
- FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing the processing of this embodiment.
- the same steps as in the above hypothetical example are given the same step numbers to simplify the explanation.
- steps S101 to S108 the mask M and the substrate S are carried into the film formation chamber 110, pre-alignment before film formation (imaging at the alignment distance and in-plane movement), and heating vapor deposition in a close contact state.
- the photographing means included in the film forming apparatus is configured to be able to take images even after film forming has started.
- the camera that performs imaging after the start of film formation may be the same as that used for alignment, or may be different. Further, both the alignment camera and a camera other than the alignment camera may take images during film formation.
- the first cameras 260a to 260d take images of the first imaging areas 263a to 263d
- the second cameras 261a and 261b take images of the second imaging areas 264a and 264b, respectively. Then, image recognition processing is performed on the captured image of each imaging area to detect the board mark and the mask mark.
- step S202 the control unit 270 analyzes each mark position and determines the amount of deviation between the relative position between marks photographed during alignment before film formation and the relative position between marks photographed during film formation. calculate. Then, the degree of thermal expansion and deformation of the substrate S and mask M is calculated.
- FIG. 8 shows the state of the substrate S and mask M during film formation in this example. Here, the substrate S is deformed by thermal expansion, expanding mainly in the upper left direction and slightly rotating clockwise.
- the state may change depending on the timing of imaging.
- a method may be used in which the image is taken after a sufficient period of time has passed after the start of film formation, or a method in which the image is taken a plurality of times and the average amount of positional deviation is calculated.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of an analysis method when the control unit 270 calculates the amount of deviation.
- 9(a) to 9(d) are enlarged images taken in the first imaging areas 263a to 263d, respectively.
- 9(e) and 9(f) are enlarged images taken in the second imaging areas 264a and 264b, respectively.
- the first board mark 103a is arranged so that the angle mark 103a2 comes after the cross-shaped vertical line of the adjacent mark 103a1 is extended. Then, a line is drawn from the angle mark 103a2 so as to intersect at an angle of 45° with a line obtained by extending the horizontal line of the adjacent mark 103a1. The intersection of the two lines at this time is set as the target Ta.
- the target Ta is the target position where the first mask mark 223a comes during alignment.
- targets Tb to Td are target positions of first mask marks 223b to 223d during alignment when offset correction is not performed.
- the positions of the first mask marks 223a to 223d will match the targets Ta to Td. Therefore, in the case of FIG. 9, the amount of deviation of the first mask marks 223a to 223d from the target position is indicated by arrows Va to Vd.
- the second substrate mark 104 and the second mask mark 224 can be used not only for offset correction but also for alignment.
- the targets Te and Tf become the target positions of the second mask marks 224a and 224b, respectively.
- the amount of deviation of the second mask marks 224a, 224b from the target position is indicated by arrows Ve, Vf.
- the control unit 270 calculates the offset amount and updates the value stored in the storage unit in step S203.
- the control unit 270 analyzes the positions of targets Ta to Tf and each mask mark in each of FIGS. 9(a) to 9(f). Thereby, the amount of deviation (Va to Vf) that reflects the degree of expansion of the substrate S and the angle of rotation can be calculated. Then, the substrate S during alignment is moved in the opposite direction to the direction in which the substrate S expands, and an XY offset amount that compensates for the calculated amount of deviation is calculated. Additionally, a ⁇ offset amount is calculated to compensate for rotation during thermal expansion.
- the method by which the control unit 270 calculates the offset amount is not limited to the above method.
- the control unit 270 calculates the coordinates of targets Ta to Td where the first mask mark should originally be located. Then, the coordinates of the intersection of the line connecting Ta and Td and the line connecting Tb and Tc are calculated as the center of gravity of the substrate S. Subsequently, the center position of the straight line connecting the second mask marks 224a and 224b is calculated as the center of gravity of the mask M. Then, an offset amount is calculated to compensate for the amount of deviation between the coordinates of the center of gravity of the substrate S and the coordinates of the center of gravity of the mask M. In addition, any other configuration may be used as long as the camera can photograph at least one of the board mark and the mask mark and use the photographed image for the control unit 270 to calculate the offset amount.
- step S109 the transfer robot 140 carries out the substrate S from the chamber. Then, in step S110, it is determined whether to continue film formation using the current mask. When continuing (YES), the process returns to S102 and the next substrate S is carried in.
- the offset amount calculated in S203 above is used when forming the next substrate S. That is, in this embodiment, since the offset amount is calculated sequentially for each substrate S, alignment can be performed that reflects the state inside the film forming chamber in real time, and the accuracy of film forming can be improved. Note that in this embodiment, as the offset amount applied to a certain substrate S, a value calculated from the immediately previous substrate S was used.
- the value obtained by measuring multiple times before a certain board for example, 3 times from the 3rd board before a certain board (Nth board) to just before (N-3rd board to N-1st board)
- the offset amount may be calculated every few substrates instead of being calculated for all the substrates S.
- the types, numbers, and positions of substrate marks and mask marks used to understand thermal expansion and deformation are just examples, and should be determined as appropriate depending on the configuration of the device and the target alignment accuracy. I can do it. For example, it is not always necessary to use two types of substrate marks, adjacent marks and angle marks, and substrate marks and mask marks may correspond one-to-one in each imaging region. Further, during alignment, either the substrate S or the mask M may be moved, or both may be moved. The alignment offset amount may be applied to either the substrate S or the mask M, or to both.
- the first mask mark 223 is provided on the frame 221 of the mask M
- the second mask mark 224 is provided on the foil 222 of the mask M.
- the offset amount calculation can be carried out.
- the thermal expansion and deformation of the foil 222 can be directly measured.
- the rate of expansion and deformation of the frame 221 and foil 222 are different due to differences in their materials, the degree of thermal expansion and deformation can be accurately grasped and reflected in the amount of offset.
- An additional effect is that it becomes possible to
- Example 2 In this embodiment, specific examples of imaging during film formation, calculation of the amount of deviation, and calculation of the amount of offset will be described.
- the device configuration of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the same components as Embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating the processing of this embodiment. This figure starts from the time when the process corresponding to step S107 in FIG. 7 is completed, and shows a flow for explaining the method of calculating the offset correction amount from a different perspective from the first embodiment.
- step S301 the control unit 270 starts the first camera 260 and the second camera 261. After this, data of images captured by each camera is input to the control unit 270 at any time.
- step S302 the control unit 270 determines whether the corresponding board mark and mask mark are detected in the image captured by each camera. Originally, each mark is placed within the imaging area by the alignment process in the flow shown in FIG. 7, but since there is a possibility that a deviation may occur for some reason, such a determination is made in S301 and S302. If all marks can be detected, the process advances to step S303. On the other hand, if any mark cannot be detected, detection is attempted again. Note that, before attempting re-detection, the control unit 270 may adjust the position of the substrate S using the substrate Z actuator 250 or the alignment stage 280, or may notify the user of an alarm.
- step S303 the evaporation source 240 starts heating, and film formation begins.
- the control unit 270 selects each mark (first board mark 103, first mask mark 223, second board mark 104, The coordinate values of the mask mark 224) of No. 2 are calculated.
- step S305 the control unit 270 calculates the amount of deviation of each mark and stores it in the storage unit.
- the amount of deviation may be calculated, for example, by comparing the coordinate values of the mark in the captured image at the time of alignment and the coordinate values of the mark in the captured image at the time of this step.
- step S306 the control unit 270 determines whether the amount of deviation of each mark is less than a predetermined threshold, which is a predetermined allowable range, or whether it is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold. If it is within the allowable range (less than the threshold), the process advances to step S307 and film formation is continued.
- step S308 if the deviation in any of the marks is outside the allowable range (more than the threshold), the process advances to step S308 and a warning is notified to the user. Warnings may be notified by any method such as image display, lamps, audio, etc.
- step S309 the film deposition scan is temporarily stopped. As a result, by changing the function of the cooling plate 230 and the temperature situation in the film forming chamber, it is expected that the deviation will fall within the allowable range and that film forming can be restarted. Note that a step of determining the amount of deviation may be provided again after this step, and if the deviation cannot be corrected, the process may be terminated.
- the influence of thermal expansion during film formation can be calculated as an offset for the next film formation, and if the amount of deviation exceeds the allowable amount, the film formation can be temporarily stopped or a warning can be issued. Since display can be performed, the influence of thermal expansion of at least one of the substrate and the mask on film formation can be reduced.
- the mark is imaged during film formation rather than after the film formation is completed, the amount of positional deviation is grasped, and the amount of offset is calculated, thereby achieving a highly real-time offset that reflects the influence of heating. I was able to make corrections.
- a second mask provided on the foil portion of the mask M is used.
- the second camera 261 that images the mark 224, it has become possible to accurately grasp the deformation of the foil and use it to calculate the offset amount.
- the existence of such a second camera 261 can be useful for understanding not only deformation during film formation but also displacement when the substrate S and mask M are in close contact with each other.
- the substrate is placed on the mask M and imaged again in a state in which it is in close contact with the mask M to determine whether any deviation has occurred due to the close contact operation.
- pre-deposition measurements are performed. In such pre-film-forming measurements, the deformation of the foil 222 rather than the frame 221 can be grasped by using the image captured by the added second camera 261.
- FIG. 11(a) is an overall view of the organic EL display device 700
- FIG. 11(b) is a cross-sectional view of one pixel.
- each light emitting element has a structure including an organic layer sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
- the pixel herein refers to the smallest unit that can display a desired color in the display area 701.
- a pixel 702 is configured by a combination of a first light emitting element 702R, a second light emitting element 702G, and a third light emitting element 702B that emit light different from each other.
- the pixel 702 is often composed of a combination of a red light-emitting element, a green light-emitting element, and a blue light-emitting element, but it may also be a combination of a yellow light-emitting element, a cyan light-emitting element, and a white light-emitting element. There are no restrictions.
- FIG. 11(b) is a schematic partial cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 11(a).
- the pixel 702 consists of a plurality of light emitting elements, and each light emitting element has a first electrode (anode) 704, a hole transport layer 705, one of the light emitting layers 706R, 706G, and 706B, and an electron transport layer on a substrate 703. It has a layer 707 and a second electrode (cathode) 708.
- the hole transport layer 705, the light emitting layers 706R, 706G, and 706B, and the electron transport layer 707 correspond to organic layers.
- the light-emitting layer 706R is an organic EL layer that emits red
- the light-emitting layer 706G is an organic EL layer that emits green
- the light-emitting layer 706B is an organic EL layer that emits blue.
- the light-emitting layers 706R, 706G, and 706B are formed in patterns corresponding to light-emitting elements (sometimes referred to as organic EL elements) that emit red, green, and blue, respectively.
- the first electrode 704 is formed separately for each light emitting element.
- the hole transport layer 705, the electron transport layer 707, and the second electrode 708 may be formed in common for the plurality of light emitting elements 702R, 702G, and 702B, or may be formed for each light emitting element.
- an insulating layer 709 is provided between the first electrodes 704 in order to prevent the first electrodes 704 and the second electrodes 708 from shorting due to foreign matter.
- a protective layer 710 is provided to protect the organic EL element from moisture and oxygen.
- the hole transport layer 705 and the electron transport layer 707 are shown as one layer in FIG. 11(b), depending on the structure of the organic EL display element, they may be formed as multiple layers including a hole blocking layer and an electron blocking layer. may be formed. Further, between the first electrode 704 and the hole transport layer 705, a positive hole having an energy band structure that allows holes to be smoothly injected from the first electrode 704 to the hole transport layer 705 is provided. A hole injection layer can also be formed. Similarly, an electron injection layer can also be formed between the second electrode 708 and the electron transport layer 707.
- a substrate (mother glass) 703 on which a circuit (not shown) for driving an organic EL display device and a first electrode 704 are formed is prepared.
- Acrylic resin is formed by spin coating on the substrate 703 on which the first electrode 704 is formed, and the acrylic resin is patterned by lithography so that an opening is formed in the part where the first electrode 704 is formed, and an insulating layer is formed. Form 709. This opening corresponds to the light emitting region where the light emitting element actually emits light.
- a substrate 703 with a patterned insulating layer 709 is placed on a substrate carrier on which an adhesive member is arranged.
- the substrate 703 is held by the adhesive member.
- a hole transport layer 705 is formed as a common layer on the first electrode 704 in the display area.
- the hole transport layer 705 is formed by vacuum deposition. In reality, the hole transport layer 705 is formed to have a larger size than the display area 701, so a high-definition mask is not required.
- the substrate 703 on which up to the hole transport layer 705 has been formed is carried into a second organic material film forming apparatus.
- the substrate and the mask are aligned, the substrate is placed on the mask, and a light-emitting layer 706R that emits red light is formed on a portion of the substrate 703 where an element that emits red light is to be arranged.
- a light-emitting layer 706G that emits green light is formed by a third organic material film-forming device, and a light-emitting layer 706B that emits blue light is further formed by a fourth organic material film-forming device.
- the electron transport layer 707 is formed over the entire display area 701 using a fifth film formation apparatus.
- the electron transport layer 707 is formed as a layer common to the three color light emitting layers 706R, 706G, and 706B.
- a second electrode 708 is formed by moving the substrate on which the electron transport layer 707 has been formed using a metal vapor deposition material film forming apparatus.
- the film is moved to a plasma CVD apparatus and a protective layer 710 is formed, thereby completing the film forming process on the substrate 703.
- the adhesive member is peeled off from the substrate 703 to separate the substrate 703 from the substrate carrier.
- the organic EL display device 700 is completed through cutting.
- the substrate 703 on which the insulating layer 709 has been patterned is exposed to an atmosphere containing moisture or oxygen from the time the substrate 703 on which the insulating layer 709 has been patterned is carried into the film forming apparatus until the film forming of the protective layer 710 is completed, the light emitting layer made of the organic EL material may There is a risk of deterioration due to moisture and oxygen. Therefore, in this embodiment, substrates are carried in and out between film forming apparatuses under a vacuum atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere.
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Abstract
Description
基板に設けた基板マークと、マスクに設けたマスクマークとを用いて前記基板と前記マスクとの位置合わせを行うアライメント手段と、
前記アライメント手段によって位置合わせされた前記基板と前記マスクとを密着させる密着手段と、
前密着手段によって前記基板と密着された前記マスクを介して前記基板上に成膜を行う成膜手段と、
を有する成膜装置であって、
前記成膜手段による成膜が開始された後に、前記基板マークおよび前記マスクマークの少なくとも一方を撮影する撮影手段を有する
ことを特徴とする成膜装置である。
アライメント手段と、密着手段と、成膜手段と、撮影手段と、を備える成膜装置を用いた成膜方法であって、
前記アライメント手段が、基板に設けた基板マークと、マスクに設けたマスクマークとを用いて前記基板と前記マスクとの位置合わせを行うアライメント工程と、
前記密着手段が、前記位置合わせ後に前記基板と前記マスクとを密着させる密着工程と、
前記成膜手段が、前記基板と前記マスクとを密着させた後、前記マスクを介して前記基板上に成膜を行う成膜工程と、
を有し、
前記撮影手段は、前記成膜工程における成膜が開始された後に、前記基板マークおよび前記マスクマークの少なくとも一方を撮影する
ことを特徴とする成膜方法である。
[装置構成]
(電子デバイスの製造ライン)
図1は、電子デバイスの製造ラインの構成の模式的な平面図である。このような製造ラインは、成膜装置を含む成膜システムと言える。ここでは、有機ELディスプレイの製造ラインについて説明する。有機ELディスプレイを製造する場合、製造ラインに所定のサイズの基板を搬入し、有機ELや金属層の成膜を行った後、基板のカットなどの後処理工程を実施する。
図2は、成膜装置の構成を模式的に示す断面図である。複数の成膜室110それぞれには、成膜装置108が設けられている。成膜装置108では、搬送ロボット140との基板SやマスクMの受け渡し、基板SとマスクMの相対位置の調整(アライメント)、マスクと基板Sの固定、成膜などの一連の成膜プロセスが行われる。
本出願の発明者が検討した結果、従来の成膜方法には改良の余地があることが分かった。具体的には、成膜前に基板SとマスクMをアライメントした場合であっても、成膜中の基板SおよびマスクMの少なくともいずれか一方の熱膨張により、実際の成膜位置が所望の成膜予定位置からずれてしまう課題が存在する。
上記の、従来の技術水準からの想定例においては、マスクMを交換するタイミングで基板Sに形成された成膜パターンを解析して、ずれ量を算出し、アライメント時のオフセット量に反映していた。これにより、基板SとマスクMの相対位置が成膜前の計測時から変化する場合であっても、成膜の位置ずれを低減しようとしていた。しかしながら、マスクMを交換するタイミングは、所定の枚数の基板Sへの成膜が終了した後であるため、位置ずれ量をオフセット量に反映するまでに時間が経過してしまい、補正が間に合わないケースがあった。さらに、上記フローで成膜パターンを解析できるのは成膜が終了した後になるため、成膜中に実際に起こっている熱膨張の様子を測定することはできず、オフセットの精度向上の余地が残っていた。
発明者が上記の問題を鋭意検討した結果、成膜開始後に基板SおよびマスクMのマークを撮像して解析することで、成膜中の位置ずれを把握することが可能になり、よりリアルタイム性が高く、精度の良いオフセット補正が可能になることを見出した。以下に本実施例のオフセット補正を説明する。本実施例の基板SとマスクMに配置されたマークと、各カメラの撮像領域との関係は、図4~図6を用いて上で説明した通りである。
以上で説明した本実施例の処理フローによれば、成膜開始後に撮像を開始して位置ずれ量を把握し、オフセット量を算出するので、マスク交換の都度ではなく、基板ごとに熱膨張や変形を測定する。そのため、位置ずれ量が経時変化する場合であってもリアルタイム性の高いオフセット補正を行うことができる。それにより、1枚のマスクで多数(例えば、数十枚)の基板を処理するような場合でも、オフセット量を随時変更することができ、位置ずれ量の経時変化の影響を抑制できる。また本実施例によれば、成膜終了後ではなく、成膜中に実際に起っている熱膨張や変形を反映することができる。したがって、成膜装置においてアライメント後の成膜中に、基板とマスクの少なくとも一方が熱膨張した場合でも、希望における所望の成膜位置と実際の成膜位置のずれを低減できる。さらに、成膜後に別途測定する必要がないため、タクトタイムを長くすることがない。
本実施例では、成膜中の撮像、ずれ量の算出およびオフセット量の算出についての具体例を説明する。本実施例の装置構成は基本的に実施例1と同様であり、実施例1と同じ構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。
上記各実施例では、成膜の終了後ではなく成膜中にマークを撮像して位置ずれ量を把握し、オフセット量を算出することで、加熱の影響が反映された、リアルタイム性の高いオフセット補正を行うことができていた。特に、一般的にアライメントで用いられる、マスクMのフレームに設けられた第1のマスクマーク223を撮像する第1のカメラ260に追加して、マスクMの箔部分に設けられた第2のマスクマーク224を撮像する第2のカメラ261を設けることで、箔の変形を精度よく把握してオフセット量の算出に利用することが可能になっていた。このような第2のカメラ261の存在は、成膜中の変形だけではなく、基板SとマスクMの密着時のずれの把握にも役立てることが可能である。
次に、本実施例に係る成膜装置を用いた電子デバイスの製造方法の一例を説明する。以下、電子デバイスの例として有機EL表示装置の構成を示し、有機EL表示装置の製造方法を例示する。
Claims (15)
- 基板に設けた基板マークと、マスクに設けたマスクマークとを用いて前記基板と前記マスクとの位置合わせを行うアライメント手段と、
前記アライメント手段によって位置合わせされた前記基板と前記マスクとを密着させる密着手段と、
前記密着手段によって前記基板と密着された前記マスクを介して前記基板に成膜を行う成膜手段と、
を有する成膜装置であって、
前記成膜手段による成膜が開始された後に、前記基板マークおよび前記マスクマークの少なくとも一方を撮影する撮影手段を有する
ことを特徴とする成膜装置。 - 前記撮影手段の撮影した画像を解析して、前記アライメント手段で用いるオフセット量を算出して前記アライメント手段を制御する制御手段を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜装置。 - 前記アライメント手段は、前記位置合わせの際に、前記基板マークと前記マスクマークが所定の位置関係となるように、前記基板と前記マスクの相対的な位置を調整する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の成膜装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記位置合わせの際に、前記基板マークの座標値と前記マスクマークの座標値とが所定の位置関係となるように前記アライメント手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の成膜装置。
- 前記撮影手段は、前記基板と前記マスクとを密着させた状態で、前記マスクのマスクフレームより内側の領域に設けられる前記マスクマーク及び前記基板マークの少なくとも一方を撮影する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記撮影手段の撮影した画像から算出した前記基板と前記マスクの位置ずれ量が所定の閾値以上となった場合、成膜を停止するように、前記成膜手段を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の成膜装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記位置ずれ量が前記所定の閾値以上となった後に、前記所定の閾値未満になった場合、成膜を再開するように、前記成膜手段を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の成膜装置。 - アライメント手段と、密着手段と、成膜手段と、撮影手段と、を備える成膜装置を用いた成膜方法であって、
前記アライメント手段が、基板に設けた基板マークと、マスクに設けたマスクマークとを用いて前記基板と前記マスクとの位置合わせを行うアライメント工程と、
前記密着手段が、前記位置合わせ後に前記基板と前記マスクとを密着させる密着工程と、
前記成膜手段が、前記基板と前記マスクとを密着させた後、前記マスクを介して前記基板上に成膜を行う成膜工程と、
を有し、
前記撮影手段は、前記成膜工程における成膜が開始された後に、前記基板マークおよび前記マスクマークの少なくとも一方を撮影する
ことを特徴とする成膜方法。 - 前記成膜装置は制御手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段が、前記撮影手段の撮影した画像を解析して、前記アライメント手段で用いるオフセット量を算出して前記アライメント手段を制御する制御工程をさらに有する
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の成膜方法。 - 前記アライメント工程において、前記アライメント手段は、前記位置合わせの際に、前記基板マークと前記マスクマークが所定の位置関係となるように、前記基板と前記マスクの相対的な位置を調整する
ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の成膜方法。 - 前記アライメント工程において、前記制御手段は、前記位置合わせの際に、前記基板マークの座標値と前記マスクマークの座標値とが所定の位置関係となるように、前記アライメント手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の成膜方法。
- 前記成膜工程において、前記撮影手段は、前記基板と前記マスクとを密着させた状態で、前記マスクのマスクフレームより内側の領域に設けられる前記マスクマーク及び前記基板マークの少なくとも一方を撮影する
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の成膜方法。 - 前記成膜工程において、前記制御手段は、前記撮影手段の撮影した画像から算出した前記基板と前記マスクの位置ずれ量が所定の閾値以上となった場合、成膜を停止するように前記アライメント手段を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の成膜方法。 - 前記成膜工程において、前記制御手段は、前記位置ずれ量が前記所定の閾値以上となった後に、前記所定の閾値未満になった場合、成膜を再開するように前記アライメント手段を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の成膜方法。 - 請求項8に記載の成膜方法を用いて電子デバイスを製造する
ことを特徴とする電子デバイスの製造方法。
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| CN118781092A (zh) * | 2024-08-05 | 2024-10-15 | 苏州阿童木新材料科技有限公司 | 基于cvd设备的成膜沉积质量分析方法及系统 |
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