WO2023200013A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及びその製造方法、並びに、合わせガラス及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及びその製造方法、並びに、合わせガラス及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023200013A1 WO2023200013A1 PCT/JP2023/015239 JP2023015239W WO2023200013A1 WO 2023200013 A1 WO2023200013 A1 WO 2023200013A1 JP 2023015239 W JP2023015239 W JP 2023015239W WO 2023200013 A1 WO2023200013 A1 WO 2023200013A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- laminated glass
- interlayer film
- thickness
- region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
- B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
- B32B2307/7376—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/74—Oxygen absorber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass used to obtain laminated glass and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a laminated glass and a method for manufacturing the same.
- laminated glass is widely used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, and the like.
- Laminated glass is manufactured by sandwiching an interlayer between a pair of glass plates.
- a head-up display is known as the laminated glass used in automobiles.
- measurement information such as speed, etc., which is driving data of the vehicle, can be displayed on the windshield of the vehicle, and the driver can perceive the display as if it were projected in front of the windshield.
- the above-mentioned HUD has a problem in that measurement information and the like can be seen twice.
- a wedge-shaped interlayer film is used to suppress double images (for example, Patent Document 1)
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that can 1) suppress the occurrence of double images, 2) suppress color unevenness, and 3) maintain a low haze value. It is to provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass using the above interlayer film for laminated glass.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass having one end and the other end, wherein the distance between the one end and the other end of the interlayer film is X, and the distance from the one end to the other end is
- the thickness of the interlayer film at any position (1) of the interlayer film in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X is T1 mm, and the thickness of the interlayer film in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is
- the thickness of the interlayer film at position (2) is smaller than the thickness of the interlayer film at position (1) by 25 ⁇ m or more, and the thickness of the interlayer film is set to T2 mm, and the interlayer film is sandwiched between two sheets of clear glass.
- the interlayer film is an interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an interlayer film) having a portion satisfying the following formula (1-1).
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the following formula (1-1A) and the following formula (1-1B), respectively.
- the position (1) is a maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end.
- the position (2) is the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end.
- the interlayer film has a visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end, which is expressed by the formula It has a portion that is less than or equal to the value calculated from (1-1B).
- the interlayer film contains a colorant.
- the planar area of the colored region is 70% or more of 100% of the total planar area of the interlayer film.
- the colored region exists at the position (1), and the colored region exists at the position (2).
- the interlayer film includes a colored layer containing a colorant, and the minimum thickness of the colored layer is 30 ⁇ m or more.
- the colored layer is present at the position (1).
- the content of the colorant is 0.00001% by weight or more and 7% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the colored layer.
- the interlayer film includes two or more of the colored layers.
- the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer film when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer film is t, the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface is t.
- the colorant is present in the region from 0t to 0.2t.
- the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer film when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer film is t, the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface is t. In the region from more than 0.2t to 0.4t towards the end, the colorant is present.
- the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer film when the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the interlayer film is t, the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface is t. In the region from more than 0.4t to 0.5t towards the end, the colorant is present.
- the interlayer film satisfies the following formula (2).
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the above formula (1-1A) and the above formula (1-1B), respectively, and K is 0.95.
- the interlayer film satisfies the following formula (3).
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the above formula (1-1A) and the above formula (1-1B), respectively.
- the interlayer film satisfies the following formula (4).
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the above formula (1-1A) and the above formula (1-1B), respectively, and K is 0.95.
- the formula (1-1) satisfies ⁇ Tv ⁇ 0.
- the interlayer film has a region having a partial wedge angle of 0.05 mrad or more at a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end.
- the wedge angle of the entire interlayer film is 0.05 mrad or more.
- the interlayer film has a region having a partial wedge angle of 0.05 mrad or more in a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end, The total wedge angle is less than 0.05 mrad.
- a position where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits a maximum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is It is different from the position (1) and also different from the position (2).
- a position where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits a maximum value within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is The position is the position (1) or the position (2).
- a position showing a minimum value of visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is It is different from the position (1) and also different from the position (2).
- a position showing a minimum value of visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end is The position is the position (1) or the position (2).
- the interlayer film has a region where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is 85% or less.
- the interlayer film includes a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20° C., and the interlayer film has an uneven surface provided by an embossing roll method or a melt fracture method.
- the uneven surface has a ten-point average roughness of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and the refractive index of the interlayer film is 1.46 or more.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass having one end and the other end, the interlayer film having a colored layer containing a colorant, and sandwiching the interlayer film between two pieces of clear glass.
- the interlayer film has a shade area corresponding to the area where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is less than 60%, and a shade area where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is 60% or more. and a second area corresponding to the shade area, and the second area is an area P which is an area of 200 mm from the boundary between the second area and the shade area toward the second area.
- the planar area of the portion where the colored layer is present is 80% or more, and from the one end
- the thickness of the intermediate film at any position (Q1) of the intermediate film in the region Q existing in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X toward the other end is T1 mm, and from the one end to the other end.
- the interlayer film is An interlayer film for laminated glass (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an interlayer film) having a portion satisfying the following formula (1-2) is provided.
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the following formula (1-2A) and the following formula (1-2B), respectively.
- the position (Q1) is the maximum of the interlayer film in the region Q that exists within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end.
- the minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the intermediate film in the region Q which is the thickness position (XQ1), and the position (Q2) exists within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end; It is.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member include a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the above-described interlayer film for laminated glass.
- a laminated glass is provided, in which the interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the members.
- the first laminated glass member has a uniform thickness
- the second laminated glass member has a uniform thickness
- an interlayer film for laminated glass that can 1) suppress the occurrence of double images, 2) suppress color unevenness, and 3) maintain a low haze value is provided. can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass produced in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the thickness of the resin film and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass obtained using the resin film in a single-layer resin film that does not contain a colorant and has a uniform thickness. It is a diagram.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the relationship between coordinates (distance from one end to the other end) and visible light transmittance in the interlayer films obtained in Examples 18 to 21 and Comparative Example 1.
- interlayer film for laminated glass The interlayer film for laminated glass (herein sometimes abbreviated as “interlayer film”) according to the present invention is used for laminated glass.
- the intermediate film has one end and the other end.
- the other end is the end opposite to the one end.
- the direction connecting the one end and the other end of the intermediate film is a direction (vertical direction) orthogonal to the width direction of the intermediate film.
- the absolute value of the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the interlayer film is 25 ⁇ m or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the intermediate film is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3000 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 2000 ⁇ m or less. , more preferably 1,750 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 1,500 ⁇ m or less.
- the absolute value of the difference is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, double images in the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively.
- the distance between the one end and the other end of the intermediate film is defined as X.
- the thickness of the intermediate film at any position (1) of the intermediate film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the intermediate film is defined as T1 (mm). shall be.
- the thickness of the intermediate film is 25 ⁇ m or more thicker than the thickness of the intermediate film at the position (1) within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the intermediate film.
- the thickness of the intermediate film at the small position (2) is assumed to be T2 (mm).
- the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (1) is defined as Tv1 (%).
- the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (2) is Tv2 (%).
- the said laminated glass A is produced as follows.
- An interlayer film is sandwiched between two sheets of clear glass having a thickness of 2 mm in accordance with JIS R3202:1996 to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag and degassed for 20 minutes at a vacuum level of 2.6 kPa, then transferred to an oven while being degassed, and further held at 90°C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing, and the laminate was Pre-crimp.
- the pre-pressed laminate is pressed in an autoclave at 135° C. and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain laminated glass A.
- the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is measured using a spectrophotometer (“U-4100” manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Corporation) in accordance with JIS R3212:2015.
- the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is the visible light transmittance in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the above-mentioned intermediate film has a portion that satisfies the following formula (1-1).
- a line for alignment with the laminated glass member may exist at the end. If a region with a visible light transmittance of less than 60%, such as this line, exists in a region less than 100 mm inward from the end of the interlayer film, exclude this region with a visible light transmittance of less than 60%.
- the following formula (1-1) is obtained.
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the following formula (1-1A) and the following formula (1-1B), respectively.
- the light that causes the double image can be absorbed in the colored region of the interlayer film, and the intensity of the light that causes the double image that enters the eye can be reduced.
- the generation of images can be suppressed.
- the interlayer film according to the present invention has a portion that satisfies the above formula (1-1), it is possible to suppress color unevenness and maintain a low haze value.
- the inventor produced a single-layer resin film (wedge angle 0 mrad) having a uniform thickness and containing no colorant.
- the resin film is a resin film containing 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin and 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO).
- a laminated glass was produced according to the method for producing laminated glass A described above, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass was measured. As a result, the relationship shown in Table 1 and FIG. 17 below was obtained as the relationship between the thickness of the resin film and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass.
- the present inventor used the same method as above except that the colorant shown in Table 2 below was used in the content described in Conditions 1 to 5 (content in 100% by weight of the resin film).
- a .5 mm single layer resin film (wedge angle 0 mrad) and laminated glass were produced.
- the obtained resin film contains 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin, 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and a colorant having a content of conditions 1 to 5.
- the visible light transmittance of the obtained laminated glass was measured. As a result, the relationships shown in Table 2 below were obtained.
- the colorants in Table 2 are as follows.
- PB15-1 Pigment Blue 15-1 (copper phthalocyanine pigment)
- PR202 Pigment Red 202 (quinacridone pigment)
- Pblack-7 Pigment black 7 (carbon black)
- ITO Tin-doped indium oxide particles (heat shielding material, ITO particles)
- CWO Cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (heat shielding material, CWO particles)
- the present inventor has created a resin film having the composition of Conditions 1 to 5 of Table 2 above and having a wedge angle of 0 mrad.
- Wedge-shaped single-layer resin films of 0.24 mrad and 0.84 mrad (the cross-sectional shape is shown in FIG. 16) were further produced.
- the obtained resin film contains 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin, 36.8 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and a colorant having a content of conditions 1 to 5.
- a laminated glass was produced according to the method for producing laminated glass A described above, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass was measured. Note that the visible light transmittance was measured at the minimum thickness position and the maximum thickness position of the wedge-shaped resin film. As a result, the relationship shown in Table 3 below was obtained as the relationship between the thickness of the resin film and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass.
- the above formula (LB) means that if the thickness and visible light transmittance at a certain position are known, the visible light transmittance at that other position can be calculated by measuring the thickness at another position. Therefore, from the above formula (LB), the visible light transmittance (Tv1) of the laminated glass A at the position (1) of the interlayer film having a thickness difference, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A at the position (2).
- the difference ( ⁇ Tvideal ) from the rate (Tv2) is calculated using the following formula (0).
- position (1) is the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the intermediate film to the other end
- Tmax is the thickness of the intermediate film at the maximum thickness position (X1).
- position (2) is the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the intermediate film
- Tmin is the thickness of the intermediate film at the minimum thickness position (X2).
- ⁇ Tv is smaller than this ⁇ Tv ideal , it means that the color unevenness of the laminated glass is suppressed and the haze value can be maintained small. That is, it means that the interlayer film has a portion satisfying the above formula (1-1), thereby suppressing uneven color of the laminated glass and suppressing the haze value to a small value.
- Methods to satisfy the above formula (1-1) include a method of adjusting the concentration distribution of the colorant in the thickness direction using the feed block method, a method of adjusting the concentration distribution of the colorant in the thickness direction using the mold method, and a method of bonding a layer containing a colorant with a small deviation in Tv and a layer not containing a colorant.
- the position (1) is the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the intermediate film to the other end.
- the position (2) is preferably the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the intermediate film.
- the absolute value of the difference between the thickness of the intermediate film at the maximum thickness position (X1) and the thickness of the intermediate film at the minimum thickness position (X2) is 25 ⁇ m or more.
- the present invention also provides the following interlayer film.
- the interlayer film has a colored layer containing a colorant, and in the laminated glass A obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film between two sheets of clear glass, the interlayer film has a visible light transmittance of 60 %, and a second region corresponding to a region where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is 60% or more.
- the second region includes a region P which is a region extending 200 mm from the boundary between the second region and the shade region toward the second region, and a region other than the region P. It has a certain area Q. Out of 100% of the total planar area of the region Q of the intermediate film, the planar area of the portion where the colored layer is present is 80% or more.
- T1 (mm) is the thickness of the intermediate film at any position (Q1) of the intermediate film in the area Q that exists within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the intermediate film. shall be.
- the thickness of the intermediate film is 25 ⁇ m or more thicker than the thickness of the intermediate film at the position (Q1) in the region Q that exists within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the intermediate film.
- T2 (mm) be the thickness of the intermediate film at the small position (Q2).
- the interlayer film has a portion that satisfies the following formula (1-2).
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the following formula (1-2A) and the following formula (1-2B), respectively.
- the position (Q1) is the maximum thickness position (XQ1) of the intermediate film in the region Q, which exists within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the intermediate film.
- the position (Q2) is the minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the intermediate film in the region Q, which exists within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the intermediate film to the other end.
- the absolute value of the difference between the thickness of the interlayer film at the maximum thickness position (XQ1) and the thickness of the interlayer film at the minimum thickness position (XQ2) is It is 25 ⁇ m or more.
- position (1) can be read as position (Q1)
- position (2) can be read as position (Q2).
- maximum thickness position (X1) can be read as the maximum thickness position (XQ1)
- minimum thickness position (X2) can be read as the minimum thickness position (XQ2).
- formula (1-1A) can be read as formula (1-2A)
- formula (1-1B) can be read as formula (1-2B).
- the intermediate film satisfies the following formula (2). In this case, color unevenness of the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively, and the haze value can be further reduced.
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the above formula (1-1A) and the above formula (1-1B), respectively, and K is 0.95.
- K is 0.95, and K is preferably 0.90, more preferably 0.80, more preferably 0.70, more preferably 0.60, and more preferably 0. .55, more preferably 0.50, more preferably 0.45, more preferably 0.40, more preferably 0.35, more preferably 0.30, more preferably 0.25, even more preferably 0. 20, particularly preferably 0.15 and most preferably 0.10. In this case, color unevenness of the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively, and the haze value can be further reduced.
- K is changed to these preferable values in the above formula (2), it is preferable that the above interlayer film satisfies the changed formula (2).
- the intermediate film satisfies the following formula (3). In this case, color unevenness of the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively, and the haze value can be further reduced.
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the above formula (1-1A) and the above formula (1-1B), respectively.
- the intermediate film satisfies the following formula (4). In this case, color unevenness of the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively, and the haze value can be further reduced.
- ⁇ Tv and f(T) are values expressed by the above formula (1-1A) and the above formula (1-1B), respectively, and K is 0.95.
- K is 0.95, and K is preferably 0.90, more preferably 0.80, more preferably 0.70, more preferably 0.60, and more preferably 0. .55, more preferably 0.50, more preferably 0.45, more preferably 0.40, more preferably 0.35, more preferably 0.30, more preferably 0.25, even more preferably 0. 20, particularly preferably 0.15 and most preferably 0.10. In this case, color unevenness of the laminated glass can be suppressed even more effectively, and the haze value can be further reduced.
- K in the above formula (4) is changed to these preferable values, it is preferable that the above interlayer film satisfies the changed formula (4).
- the planar area of the colored region is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, even more preferably 85% or more, and still more preferably It is 90% or more, particularly preferably 95% or more, and most preferably 100%.
- the planar area of the colored region is equal to or larger than the lower limit, double images can be suppressed even more effectively.
- the planar area of the colored region may be 100% or less, less than 100%, or 95% or less.
- the colored region exists at the position (1), and it is preferable that the colored region exists at the position (2). It is preferable that the colored region exists at the maximum thickness position (X1), and it is preferable that the colored region exists at the minimum thickness position (X2).
- the distance (X) between the one end and the other end of the intermediate film is preferably 400 mm or more, more preferably 500 mm or more, even more preferably 600 mm or more, still more preferably 700 mm or more, even more preferably 800 mm or more, especially Preferably 900 mm or more, most preferably 1000 mm or more, preferably 3000 mm or less, more preferably 2500 mm or less, even more preferably 2000 mm or less, even more preferably 1900 mm or less, even more preferably 1800 mm or less, particularly preferably 1700 mm or less.
- the position where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A shows the maximum value in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is different from the position (1), And it may be different from the above position (2).
- the position showing the maximum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is the position (1) or the position ( 2) may be used.
- the position where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A exhibits the maximum value within the range of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is from the one end to the other end. It is preferable to exist within the range of 0.15X to 0.85X, and more preferably within the range of 0.2X to 0.8X. In this case, visibility can be improved.
- the position showing the minimum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end of the interlayer film to the other end is different from the position (1), And it may be different from the above position (2).
- the position showing the minimum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is the position (1) or the position ( 2) may be used.
- the maximum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0X to 0.5X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is preferably 65% or more, more preferably 68% or more, and Preferably 70% or more, particularly preferably 72% or more, most preferably 74% or more, preferably 85% or less, more preferably 83% or less, even more preferably 81% or less, particularly preferably 80% or less, most preferably 79 % or less.
- the maximum value is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the maximum value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A in the region of 0.6X to 1.0X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0. .5% or more, more preferably 1% or more, preferably 60% or less, more preferably 50% or less, still more preferably 45% or less, particularly preferably 40% or less.
- the maximum value is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the interlayer film has a visible light transmittance (a numerical value of visible light transmittance) of the laminated glass A in a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film, which is expressed by the above formula. It is preferable to have a portion that is less than or equal to the value calculated from (1-1B). In this case, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A within a range of 0.1X to 0.9X from the one end to the other end of the interlayer film is, for example, from the one end of the interlayer film to the other end. Starting from the 0.1X position, measurements can be made at 100 mm intervals from the one end to the other end.
- the interlayer film preferably has a region where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is 40% or more, more preferably has a region where it is 50% or more, and has a region where the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is 55% or more. It is even more preferable to have an area of 60% or more, particularly preferably to have an area of 65% or more, most preferably to have an area of 70% or more, and to have an area of 85% or less. It is preferable to have an area of 84% or less, even more preferably to have an area of 83% or less, even more preferably to have an area of 82% or less, and even more preferably to have an area of 81% or less.
- the interlayer film has a region in which the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass A is greater than or equal to the lower limit and less than or equal to the upper limit, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the intermediate film preferably has a region in which the partial wedge angle at a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is 0.05 mrad or more, and preferably has a region in which the partial wedge angle is 0.10 mrad or more. More preferably, it has a region of 0.15 mrad or more, even more preferably a region of 2.00 mrad or less, more preferably a region of 1.75 mrad or less, and 1.50 mrad or less. It is further preferable to have a region. In this case, double images can be suppressed even more effectively.
- the partial wedge angle at a length of 400 mm in the direction connecting the one end and the other end is determined as follows.
- the thickness is measured in the direction connecting the one end and the other end of the interlayer film.
- Points A are selected at intervals of 1 mm, with a starting point at a position 200 mm from the one end of the interlayer film toward the other end, and an end point at a position 200 mm from the other end of the interlayer film toward the one end.
- the x axis is the distance (unit: mm) in the connecting direction from the one end to the other end
- the wedge angle ( ⁇ ) of the entire interlayer film can be appropriately set depending on the mounting angle of the laminated glass.
- the wedge angle ( ⁇ ) of the entire interlayer film may be 0.05 mrad or more, or less than 0.05 mrad.
- the wedge angle ( ⁇ ) of the entire interlayer is preferably 0.1 mrad (0.00575 degrees) or more, more preferably 0.2 mrad (0.0115 degrees) or more. It is preferably 2 mrad (0.1146 degrees) or less, more preferably 0.7 mrad (0.0401 degrees) or less.
- the wedge angle ( ⁇ ) is equal to or greater than the lower limit, a laminated glass suitable for vehicles such as trucks and buses with large windshield installation angles can be obtained.
- the wedge angle ( ⁇ ) is less than or equal to the upper limit, a laminated glass suitable for a vehicle with a small windshield installation angle, such as a sports car, can be obtained.
- the minimum thickness of the intermediate film is preferably 0.05 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm or more, even more preferably 0.2 mm or more, even more preferably 0.3 mm or more, even more preferably 0.4 mm or more, and particularly preferably is 0.5 mm or more, most preferably 0.6 mm or more, preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2.5 mm or less, even more preferably 2.25 mm or less, even more preferably 2 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.8 mm or less. It is.
- measuring instruments used to measure the wedge angle ( ⁇ ) of the entire interlayer film and the thickness of the interlayer film include a contact thickness measuring instrument “TOF-4R” (manufactured by Yamabun Denki Co., Ltd.).
- the above-mentioned thickness measurement is performed using the above-mentioned measuring device at a membrane conveyance speed of 2.00 mm/min to 2.25 mm/min so as to obtain the shortest distance from one end to the other end.
- the measuring device used to measure the wedge angle ( ⁇ ) of the entire interlayer film after laminating the interlayer film and the thickness of the interlayer film is the non-contact multilayer film thickness measuring device “OPTIGAUGE” (manufactured by Lumetrics). ) etc.
- OTIGAUGE manufactured by Lumetrics.
- the above-mentioned intermediate film has a one-layer structure or a two or more layer structure.
- the intermediate film may have a one-layer structure, a two-layer structure, or two or more layers.
- the intermediate film may have a three-layer structure, may have a three-layer structure, may have a four-layer structure, or may have a four-layer structure. It may have a five-layer structure, or it may have a structure of five or more layers.
- the intermediate film may include only the first layer.
- the intermediate film may include a first layer and a second layer disposed on the first surface side of the first layer.
- the intermediate film includes a first layer, a second layer disposed on the first surface side of the first layer, and a second layer opposite to the first surface of the first layer.
- the intermediate film may also include a third layer disposed on the surface side.
- the intermediate film may include a fourth layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer.
- the intermediate film may include a fifth layer disposed between the first layer and the third layer.
- the above-mentioned intermediate film may be a single-layer intermediate film or a multi-layer intermediate film.
- the structure of the intermediate film may be partially different.
- the intermediate film may have a portion having a single layer structure and a portion having a multilayer structure.
- the intermediate film may have a structure of 10 layers or less, or may have a structure of 5 layers or less.
- the interlayer film preferably includes a layer having a glass transition point of 15° C. or higher.
- the glass transition point of the layer having a glass transition point of 15°C or higher is preferably 16°C or higher, more preferably 17°C or higher, preferably 30°C or lower, and more preferably 25°C or lower.
- the layer having a glass transition point of 15° C. or higher is preferably a surface layer of the interlayer film. Note that the layer having a glass transition point of 15° C. or higher may be a colored layer or an intermediate layer of an intermediate film.
- the interlayer film preferably includes a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C, and preferably includes two or more layers having a glass transition point of less than 15°C. is more preferable.
- the first layer may have a glass transition point of less than 15°C.
- the fourth layer may have a glass transition point of less than 15°C.
- the fifth layer may be a layer having a glass transition point of less than 15°C.
- the colored layer may have a glass transition point of less than 15°C.
- the glass transition point of each layer of the above interlayer film is measured as follows.
- the above interlayer film is stored at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 30% for one month or more. If the interlayer film is a single layer, cut it into a diameter of 8 mm and use it as a test piece. When the interlayer film is multilayered, each layer is peeled off and press-molded using a press-molding machine to obtain a test piece of the layer to be measured. Measure the glass transition point for each specimen. Note that an example of a device for measuring the glass transition point is "ARES-G2" manufactured by TA Instruments.
- the glass transition point was measured using a parallel plate with a diameter of 8 mm as a jig, under the conditions of lowering the temperature from 100 °C to -10 °C at a cooling rate of 3 °C/min, and under the conditions of a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 1%. conduct.
- the peak temperature of the loss tangent is defined as the glass transition point (° C.).
- the intermediate film preferably includes a layer having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the first layer may have a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the second layer may have a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the third layer may have a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the fourth layer may have a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the fifth layer may have a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the colored layer may have a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the intermediate film may include only one layer, or may include two or more layers having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the intermediate film may include 10 or less layers, or 5 or less layers, each having a storage modulus of 4 MPa or more at 20°C.
- the storage modulus at 20°C of the layer having a storage modulus at 20°C of 4 MPa or more is preferably 5 MPa or more, more preferably 6 MPa or more, preferably 100 MPa or less, more preferably 80 MPa or less, and even more preferably 60 MPa. It is as follows.
- the storage modulus of each layer of the above-mentioned interlayer film at 20°C is measured as follows.
- the interlayer film is a single layer, cut it into a size suitable for the jig and use it as a test piece. If the interlayer film is multilayered, each layer is peeled off and press molded using a press molding machine to obtain a test piece of the layer to be measured.
- the laminated glass member and the interlayer film may be peeled off after cooling the laminated glass with liquid nitrogen or the like, and a test piece may be prepared from the peeled interlayer film.
- the shear viscoelasticity of the test piece is measured at 20° C. in the range of 50 to 100 Hz, and the storage modulus is measured. Examples of the viscoelasticity measuring device include "ARES-G2" manufactured by TA Instruments and "DVA-200" manufactured by IT Keizai Control Co., Ltd.
- the refractive index of the intermediate film is preferably 1.46 or more, more preferably 1.47 or more, still more preferably 1.48 or more, preferably 1.60 or less, and more preferably It is 1.55 or less, more preferably 1.53 or less.
- one end of each layer of the intermediate film corresponds to one end of the intermediate film.
- the other end of each layer of the intermediate film corresponds to the other end of the intermediate film.
- the distance between one end and the other end of the intermediate film is X.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 a cross section of the intermediate film 11 in the thickness direction is shown.
- the intermediate film 11 has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness at one end 11a and the thickness at the other end 11b are the same.
- the intermediate film 11 has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11 includes a first layer 1 , a second layer 2 , and a third layer 3 .
- the intermediate film 11 has a three-layer structure.
- the first layer 1 has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1 are surfaces facing each other.
- the second layer 2 is disposed on the first surface side of the first layer 1 and is laminated.
- the third layer 3 is arranged on the second surface side of the first layer 1 and is laminated.
- the first layer 1 is an intermediate layer.
- the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 are a protective layer and a surface layer, respectively.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1 is the same as the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1 in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2 is the same as the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2.
- the second layer 2 has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end of the second layer 2 toward the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2 in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3 is the same as the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3.
- the third layer 3 has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end of the third layer 3 toward the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3 in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11 within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.5X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11 within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. and 0.9X position.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11A in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11A has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness at one end 11a and the thickness at the other end 11b are the same.
- the intermediate film 11A has a region where the thickness decreases and a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11A includes a first layer 1A, a second layer 2A, and a third layer 3A.
- the intermediate film 11A has a three-layer structure.
- the first layer 1A has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1A are surfaces facing each other.
- a second layer 2A is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1A.
- a third layer 3A is arranged and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1A.
- the first layer 1A is an intermediate layer.
- the second layer 2A and the third layer 3A are each a protective layer and a surface layer.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1A is the same as the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1A.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1A in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2A is the same as the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2A.
- the second layer 2A has a region where the thickness decreases and a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2A toward the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2A in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3A is the same as the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3A.
- the third layer 3A has a region where the thickness decreases and a region where the thickness increases from one end of the third layer 3A toward the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3A in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11A within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. and 0.9X position.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11A within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.5X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- a cross section of the intermediate film 11B in the thickness direction is shown.
- the intermediate film 11B has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11B has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11B includes a first layer 1B and a second layer 2B.
- the intermediate film 11B has a two-layer structure.
- the first layer 1B has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1B are surfaces facing each other.
- the second layer 2B is arranged on the first surface side of the first layer 1B and is stacked.
- the first layer 1B and the second layer 2B are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1B is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1B.
- the first layer 1B has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the first layer 1B to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2B is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2B.
- the second layer 2B has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2B to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2B in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11B within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a of the intermediate film 11B to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11B within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11C in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11C has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11C has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11C includes a first layer 1C and a second layer 2C.
- the intermediate film 11C has a two-layer structure.
- the first layer 1C has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1C are surfaces facing each other.
- a second layer 2C is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1C.
- the first layer 1C and the second layer 2C are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1C is thicker than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1C.
- the first layer 1C has a region where the thickness decreases from one end of the first layer 1C to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2C is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2C.
- the second layer 2C has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2C to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2C in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11C within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11C within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11D in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11D has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11D has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11D includes a first layer 1D, a second layer 2D, and a third layer 3D.
- the intermediate film 11D has a three-layer structure.
- the first layer 1D has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1D are surfaces facing each other.
- a second layer 2D is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1D.
- a third layer 3D is arranged and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1D.
- the first layer 1D is an intermediate layer.
- the second layer 2D and the third layer 3D are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1D is the same as the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1D.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1D in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2D is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2D.
- the second layer 2D has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2D to the other end.
- the second layer 2D has a portion where the thickness increases by a large amount in a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the second layer 2D.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3D is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3D.
- the third layer 3D has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the third layer 3D to the other end.
- the third layer 3D has a portion where the thickness increases by a large amount in a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3D.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3D in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11D within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11D within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11E in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11E has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11E has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11E includes a first layer 1E, a second layer 2E, and a third layer 3E.
- the intermediate film 11E has a three-layer structure.
- the first layer 1E has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1E are surfaces facing each other.
- a second layer 2E is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1E.
- a third layer 3E is arranged and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1E.
- the first layer 1E is an intermediate layer.
- the second layer 2E and the third layer 3E are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1E is the same as the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1E.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1E in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2E is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2E.
- the second layer 2E has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2E to the other end.
- the second layer 2E has a portion where the amount of increase in thickness is small in a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2E toward the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3E is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3E.
- the third layer 3E has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the third layer 3E to the other end.
- the third layer 3E has a portion in which the thickness increases by a small amount in a region where the thickness increases from one end to the other end of the third layer 3E.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3E in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11E within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11E within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11F in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11F has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11F has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11F includes a first layer 1F, a second layer 2F, a third layer 3F, and a fourth layer 4F.
- the intermediate film 11F has a four-layer structure.
- the first layer 1F has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1F are surfaces facing each other.
- a fourth layer 4F is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1F.
- a third layer 3F is arranged and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1F.
- the second layer 2F is arranged and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4F opposite to the first layer 1F side.
- the first layer 1F and the fourth layer 4F are intermediate layers.
- the second layer 2F and the third layer 3F are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1F is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1F.
- the first layer 1F has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the first layer 1F to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1F in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2F is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2F.
- the second layer 2F has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2F to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2F in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3F is the same as the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3F.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3F in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the fourth layer 4F is the same as the thickness at the other end of the fourth layer 4F.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4F in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11F within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11F within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- a cross section of the intermediate film 11G in the thickness direction is shown.
- the intermediate film 11G has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11G has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11G includes a first layer 1G, a second layer 2G, and a third layer 3G.
- the intermediate film 11G has a three-layer structure.
- the first layer 1G has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1G are surfaces facing each other.
- a second layer 2G is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1G.
- a third layer 3G is arranged and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1G.
- the first layer 1G is an intermediate layer.
- the second layer 2G and the third layer 3G are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1G is the same as the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1G.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1G in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2G is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2G.
- the second layer 2G has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2G to the other end.
- the amount of increase in thickness from one end of the second layer 2G to the other end is constant.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2G in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3G is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3G.
- the third layer 3G has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the third layer 3G to the other end.
- the amount of increase in thickness from one end of the third layer 3G to the other end is constant.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3G in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11G within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11G within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11H in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11H has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11H has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11H includes a first layer 1H, a second layer 2H, a third layer 3H, and a fourth layer 4H.
- the intermediate film 11H has a four-layer structure.
- the first layer 1H has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1H are surfaces facing each other.
- a fourth layer 4H is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1H.
- a third layer 3H is arranged and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1H.
- the second layer 2H is arranged and stacked on the surface side of the fourth layer 4H opposite to the first layer 1H side.
- the first layer 1H and the fourth layer 4H are intermediate layers.
- the second layer 2H and the third layer 3H are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1H is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1H.
- the first layer 1H has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the first layer 1H to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1H in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2H is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2H.
- the second layer 2H has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2H to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2H in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3H is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3H.
- the third layer 3H has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the third layer 3H to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3H in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the fourth layer 4H is the same as the thickness at the other end of the fourth layer 4H.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4H in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11H within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11H within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11I in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11I has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11I has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11I includes a first layer 1I, a second layer 2I, a third layer 3I, a fourth layer 4I, and a fifth layer 5I.
- the intermediate film 11I has a five-layer structure.
- the first layer 1I has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1I are surfaces facing each other.
- a fourth layer 4I is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1I.
- a third layer 3I and a fifth layer 5I are arranged on the second surface side of the first layer 1I.
- the second layer 2I is arranged on the surface side of the fourth layer 4I opposite to the first layer 1I side, and is stacked.
- the fifth layer 5I is embedded in the third layer 3I.
- the first layer 1I, the fourth layer 4I, and the fifth layer 5I are intermediate layers.
- the second layer 2I and the third layer 3I are each surface layers.
- the fifth layer 5I is a shade layer having a gradation part.
- the interlayer film 11I has a shade region with a visible light transmittance of less than 60% and a second region with a visible light transmittance of 60% or more.
- the second region has a region P which is a region extending 200 mm from the boundary between the second region and the shade region toward the second region, and a region Q which is a region other than the region P.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1I is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1I.
- the first layer 1I has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the first layer 1I to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1I in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2I is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2I.
- the second layer 2I has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2I to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2I in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3I is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3I.
- the third layer 3I has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the third layer 3I to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3I in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the fourth layer 4I is the same as the thickness at the other end of the fourth layer 4I.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4I in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the fifth layer 5I is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the fifth layer 5I.
- the fifth layer 5I has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the fifth layer 5I toward the other end, and a region where the thickness is uniform.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer 5I in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (XQ1) of the intermediate film 11I in the region Q is the position of the boundary between the region P and the region Q from one end 11a to the other end 11b.
- the minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the intermediate film 11I in the region Q is the position of the one end 11a.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11J in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11J has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11J has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11J includes a first layer 1J, a second layer 2J, a third layer 3J, a fourth layer 4J, and a fifth layer 5J.
- the intermediate film 11J has a five-layer structure.
- the first layer 1J has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1J are surfaces facing each other.
- a fourth layer 4J is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1J.
- a fifth layer 5J is arranged and stacked on the second surface side of the first layer 1J.
- the second layer 2J is disposed on the surface side of the fourth layer 4J opposite to the first layer 1J side, and is laminated.
- a third layer 3J is arranged and stacked on the surface side of the fifth layer 5J opposite to the first layer 1J side.
- the first layer 1J, the fourth layer 4J, and the fifth layer 5J are intermediate layers.
- the second layer 2J and the third layer 3J are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1J is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1J.
- the first layer 1J has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the first layer 1J to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1J in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2J is the same as the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2J.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2J in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the third layer 3J is the same as the thickness at the other end of the third layer 3J.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer 3J in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the fourth layer 4J is thicker than the thickness at the other end of the fourth layer 4J.
- the fourth layer 4J has a region where the thickness decreases from one end of the fourth layer 4J to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer 4J in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the fifth layer 5J is thicker than the thickness at the other end of the fifth layer 5J.
- the fifth layer 5J has a region where the thickness decreases from one end of the fifth layer 5J to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer 5J in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11J within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11J is a position of 0.9X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11J within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b of the intermediate film 11J is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11K in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11K has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11K has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11K includes a first layer 1K and a second layer 2K.
- the intermediate film 11K has a two-layer structure.
- the first layer 1K has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1K are surfaces facing each other.
- a second layer 2K is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1K.
- the first layer 1K and the second layer 2K are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1K is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1K.
- the first layer 1K has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end of the first layer 1K toward the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1K in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2K is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2K.
- the second layer 2K has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2K to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2K in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11K within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11K within the region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11L in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11L has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11L has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11L includes a first layer 1L and a second layer 2L.
- the intermediate film 11L has a two-layer structure.
- the first layer 1L has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1L are surfaces facing each other.
- the second layer 2L is arranged on the first surface side of the first layer 1L and is stacked.
- the first layer 1L and the second layer 2L are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1L is thicker than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1L.
- the first layer 1L has a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from one end of the first layer 1L toward the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1L in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2L is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2L.
- the second layer 2L has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2L to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2L in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11L within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11L within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from the one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11M in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11M has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11M has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a toward the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11M includes a first layer 1M and a second layer 2M.
- the intermediate film 11M has a two-layer structure.
- the first layer 1M has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1M are surfaces facing each other.
- a second layer 2M is arranged and stacked on the first surface side of the first layer 1M.
- the first layer 1M and the second layer 2M are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1M is the same as the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1M.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1M in the thickness direction is rectangular.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2M is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2M.
- the second layer 2M has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2M to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2M in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11M within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11M within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an interlayer film for laminated glass according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 shows a cross section of the intermediate film 11N in the thickness direction.
- the intermediate film 11N has one end 11a and the other end 11b.
- the thickness of one end 11a is thinner than the thickness of the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11N has a region where the thickness increases from one end 11a to the other end 11b.
- the intermediate film 11N includes a first layer 1N and a second layer 2N.
- the intermediate film 11N has a two-layer structure.
- the first layer 1N has a first surface and a second surface.
- the first surface and the second surface of the first layer 1N are surfaces facing each other.
- the second layer 2N is arranged on the first surface side of the first layer 1N and is stacked.
- the first layer 1N and the second layer 2N are each surface layers.
- the thickness at one end of the first layer 1N is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the first layer 1N.
- the first layer 1N has a region where the thickness decreases and a region where the thickness increases from one end of the first layer 1N toward the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer 1N in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the thickness at one end of the second layer 2N is thinner than the thickness at the other end of the second layer 2N.
- the second layer 2N has a region where the thickness increases from one end of the second layer 2N to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer 2N in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped.
- the maximum thickness position (X1) of the intermediate film 11N within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the minimum thickness position (X2) of the intermediate film 11N within a region of 0.1X to 0.9X from one end 11a to the other end 11b is a position of 0.1X from one end 11a to the other end 11b. It is.
- the intermediate film contains a colorant.
- the intermediate film preferably includes a colored layer containing a colorant.
- the first layer may or may not contain a colorant.
- the second layer may or may not contain a colorant.
- the third layer may or may not contain a colorant.
- the fourth layer may or may not contain a colorant.
- the fifth layer may or may not contain a colorant.
- the area where the colored layer is present corresponds to the colored area.
- the number of colored layers may be 10 or less, or 5 or less.
- the cross-sectional shape of the colored layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the minimum thickness of the colored layer is preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 75 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 125 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 175 ⁇ m. Above, the thickness is most preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1600 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1500 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 1400 ⁇ m or less. When the minimum thickness of the colored layer is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the haze of the laminated glass can be suppressed to a lower level.
- the colored layer is preferably present at the position (1), and the colored layer is preferably present at the position (2). It is preferable that the colored layer exists at the maximum thickness position (X1), and it is preferable that the colored layer exists at the minimum thickness position (X2).
- the content of the colorant in 100% by weight of the colored layer is preferably 0.00001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.00005% by weight or more, still more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 0.00001% by weight or more. 0002% by weight or more, most preferably 0.0003% by weight or more, preferably 7% by weight or less, more preferably 6% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less, most preferably 1 % by weight or less.
- the content of the coloring agent is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the haze of the laminated glass can be suppressed to a lower level.
- the planar area of the portion where the colored layer is present is 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 80% or more of the total planar area of the region Q of the interlayer film. is 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, most preferably 100%.
- the planar area of the portion where the colored layer is present is equal to or larger than the lower limit, double images can be suppressed even more effectively.
- the planar area of the portion where the colored layer is present may be 100% or less, may be less than 100%, and may be 95% or less. It's okay.
- the coloring agent examples include dyes, pigments, heat-shielding substances, and the like.
- the coloring agent is preferably a component that can adjust the color coordinates L *, a * , or b * in the L*a * b * color system by being included in the intermediate film.
- the heat shielding substance is a component that absorbs a relatively large amount of light having wavelengths other than the visible light region.
- heat shielding performance refers to the ability to absorb a relatively large amount of light with wavelengths other than the visible light range.
- the coloring agent is preferably a dye or a pigment.
- the intermediate film preferably contains a dye or a pigment.
- Examples of the above dyes include pyrene dyes, aminoketone dyes, anthraquinone dyes, and azo dyes.
- the above dyes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the dye in 100% by weight of the intermediate film or in 100% by weight of the layer containing the dye (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer or colored layer)
- the content is 0.00003% by weight or more, more preferably 0.00005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.0002% by weight or more, most preferably 0.0003% by weight or more. , preferably 7% by weight or less, more preferably 6% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less, most preferably 1% by weight or less.
- the content of the dye is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding property will be sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance will be sufficiently high.
- the above pigment may be an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment.
- the above-mentioned organic pigment may be an organic pigment having a metal atom or may be an organic pigment not having a metal atom.
- the above pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organic pigments examples include phthalocyanine compounds, quinacridone compounds, azo compounds, pentaphene compounds, perylene compounds, indole compounds, threne compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinone compounds, perinone compounds, indanthrene compounds, indigo compounds, and nickel complex compounds. , azo compounds, carbon black and dioxazine compounds.
- the proportion of the pigment in 100% by weight of the intermediate film or in 100% by weight of the layer containing the pigment (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer or colored layer)
- the content is 0.00001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.00005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.0001% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.0002% by weight or more, most preferably 0.0003% by weight or more. , preferably 7% by weight or less, more preferably 6% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 2% by weight or less, most preferably 1% by weight or less.
- the content of the pigment is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding property will be sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance will be sufficiently high.
- the colorant preferably contains a heat shielding substance, and more preferably a heat shielding substance.
- the interlayer film preferably includes a layer containing a heat shielding substance.
- the heat-shielding substance contains at least one component X of a phthalocyanine compound, a naphthalocyanine compound, and an anthracyanine compound, or contains heat-shielding particles.
- the heat-shielding substance may contain both the component X and the heat-shielding particles.
- the above The content of the heat shielding substance is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, more preferably 0.01% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.02% by weight or more, and even more preferably is 0.05% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 6% by weight or less, more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, even more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight. % or less, most preferably 3% by weight or less.
- the content of the heat-shielding substance is at least the above-mentioned lower limit and below the above-mentioned upper limit, the heat-shielding property becomes sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance becomes sufficiently high.
- the component X examples include phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine derivatives, anthracyanine, and anthracyanine derivatives. It is preferable that the phthalocyanine compound and the phthalocyanine derivative each have a phthalocyanine skeleton. It is preferable that the naphthalocyanine compound and the naphthalocyanine derivative each have a naphthalocyanine skeleton. It is preferable that the anthracyanine compound and the anthracyanine derivative each have an anthracyanine skeleton.
- the component X is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine derivatives. , phthalocyanine, and phthalocyanine derivatives.
- the component X preferably contains a vanadium atom or a copper atom. It is preferable that the component X contains a vanadium atom, and it is also preferable that the component X contains a copper atom. It is more preferable that the component X is at least one of a phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom, and a derivative of a phthalocyanine containing a vanadium atom or a copper atom. From the viewpoint of further increasing the heat shielding properties of the interlayer film and the laminated glass, the component X preferably has a structural unit in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a vanadium atom.
- the above component in 100% by weight of the above intermediate film or 100% by weight of the layer (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer or colored layer) containing the above component X
- the content of The content is more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, still more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less.
- the content of the component X is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding property will be sufficiently high and the visible light transmittance will be sufficiently high. For example, it is possible to increase the visible light transmittance to 70% or more.
- the heat shielding particles are more preferably metal oxide particles.
- the heat shielding particles are preferably particles formed of a metal oxide (metal oxide particles).
- infrared rays have a large thermal effect, and when infrared rays are absorbed by substances, they are emitted as heat. For this reason, infrared rays are generally called heat rays.
- heat shielding particles By using the above heat shielding particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be effectively blocked. Note that the heat shielding particles mean particles that can absorb infrared rays.
- thermal barrier particles include aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), and indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles).
- AZO particles aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles
- niobium-doped titanium oxide particles sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles), thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), metal oxide particles such as tin-doped zinc oxide particles, silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) particles. Heat shielding particles other than these may also be used.
- Metal oxide particles are preferable because they have a high heat ray shielding function, ATO particles, GZO particles, IZO particles, ITO particles, or tungsten oxide particles are more preferable, and ITO particles or tungsten oxide particles are particularly preferable.
- ITO particles tin-doped indium oxide particles
- tungsten oxide particles are also preferred, since they have a high heat ray shielding function and are easily available.
- the tungsten oxide particles are preferably metal-doped tungsten oxide particles.
- the above-mentioned "tungsten oxide particles” include metal-doped tungsten oxide particles.
- Specific examples of the metal-doped tungsten oxide particles include sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles, thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles.
- cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are particularly preferred.
- the cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles are preferably tungsten oxide particles represented by the formula: Cs 0.33 WO 3 .
- the average particle diameter of the heat shielding particles is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter is equal to or larger than the lower limit, the heat ray shielding property becomes sufficiently high.
- the above average particle diameter is below the above upper limit, the dispersibility of the heat shielding particles becomes high.
- the above “average particle diameter” indicates the volume average particle diameter.
- the average particle diameter can be measured using a particle size distribution measuring device ("UPA-EX150” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).
- the above The content of the thermal barrier particles is 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.01% by weight or more, particularly preferably 0.02% by weight or more, preferably 6% by weight.
- the content is more preferably 5.5% by weight or less, still more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less.
- t be the distance from the first outer surface to the second outer surface of the intermediate film. From the viewpoint of improving heat shielding performance, it is preferable that the colorant is present in a region of 0t to 0.2t from the first outer surface to the second outer surface. From the point of view of increasing the adhesion stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the colorant is applied in a region of more than 0.2t to 0.4t from the first outer surface to the second outer surface. Preferably present. From the point of view of increasing the adhesion stability between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the colorant may Preferably present.
- the intermediate film preferably contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the first layer contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the second layer contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the third layer contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the fourth layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the fifth layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the colored layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. Only one kind of the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, (meth)acrylic resin, polyolefin resin, ionomer resin, and polyvinyl alcohol resin. It will be done. Thermoplastic resins other than these may also be used.
- the intermediate film contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the first layer contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the second layer contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the third layer contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the fourth layer contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the fifth layer preferably contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the colored layer preferably contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the intermediate film is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin. Only one kind of the above polyvinyl acetal resin may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
- the content of polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, even more preferably 50% by weight or more, still more preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight.
- the above content is most preferably 90% by weight or more, preferably 100% by weight or less.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in each layer constituting the intermediate film is preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the interlayer film contains a plasticizer.
- the first layer contains a plasticizer.
- the second layer preferably contains a plasticizer.
- the third layer contains a plasticizer.
- the fourth layer contains a plasticizer.
- the fifth layer preferably contains a plasticizer.
- the colored layer preferably contains a plasticizer.
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the intermediate film is polyvinyl acetal resin, it is particularly preferable that the intermediate film (each layer) contains a plasticizer.
- the layer containing polyvinyl acetal resin preferably contains a plasticizer. The above plasticizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above plasticizer is not particularly limited.
- a conventionally known plasticizer can be used.
- the above plasticizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the plasticizer examples include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic phosphoric acid plasticizers, and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers.
- the plasticizer is an organic ester plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is a liquid plasticizer.
- Examples of the monobasic organic acid ester include glycol esters obtained by reacting glycol with a monobasic organic acid.
- Examples of the glycol include triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and the like.
- Examples of the monobasic organic acids include butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptylic acid, n-octylic acid, 2-ethylhexylic acid, n-nonylic acid, decylic acid, and benzoic acid.
- polybasic organic acid ester examples include ester compounds of a polybasic organic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- polybasic organic acids examples include adipic acid, sebacic acid, and azelaic acid.
- organic ester plasticizer examples include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, Triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol Di-2-ethyl butyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-eth
- organic phosphoric acid plasticizer examples include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, and triisopropyl phosphate.
- the plasticizer preferably includes triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate. .
- the plasticizer more preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), It is more preferable to include ate (3GO).
- the content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film is preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 25 parts by weight or more, and even more preferably 30 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the interlayer film. , preferably 100 parts by weight or less, more preferably 60 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 50 parts by weight or less.
- the content of the plasticizer is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass becomes even higher.
- the content of the plasticizer is below the upper limit, the transparency of the interlayer film becomes even higher.
- the intermediate film, the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, the fifth layer, and the colored layer each contain components other than the above-mentioned components, if necessary. It may also contain other ingredients.
- Other components mentioned above include ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, coupling agents, dispersants, surfactants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, adhesive force regulators (alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, etc.), Examples include moisture resistant agents, optical brighteners, and infrared absorbers. Each of these other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- one end of each layer of the intermediate film corresponds to one end of the intermediate film
- the other end of each layer of the intermediate film corresponds to the other end of the intermediate film
- the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end, the thickness of the one end may be thinner than the thickness of the other end, and the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end. It may be thicker than the edge.
- the first layer may have a region where the thickness increases or a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the first layer.
- the first layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the first layer.
- the first layer may have a portion where the thickness increases by a large amount in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the first layer. may have a portion where the amount of increase is small. In the first layer, the amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the first layer may be constant.
- the first layer may have a portion where the thickness decreases by a large amount in a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the first layer. may have a portion where the amount of decrease is small.
- the amount of decrease in thickness from the one end to the other end of the first layer may be constant.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end, the thickness of the one end may be thinner than the thickness of the other end, and the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end. It may be thicker than the edge.
- the second layer may have a region where the thickness increases or a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the second layer.
- the second layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the second layer.
- the second layer may have a portion where the thickness increases by a large amount in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the second layer, and the thickness increases. may have a portion where the amount of increase is small.
- the amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the second layer may be constant.
- the second layer may have a portion where the thickness decreases by a large amount in a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the second layer. may have a portion where the amount of decrease is small.
- the amount of decrease in thickness from the one end to the other end of the second layer may be constant.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end, the thickness of the one end may be thinner than the thickness of the other end, and the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end. It may be thicker than the edge.
- the third layer may have a region where the thickness increases or a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer.
- the third layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer.
- the third layer may have a portion where the thickness increases by a large amount in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the third layer. may have a portion where the amount of increase is small. In the third layer, the amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the third layer may be constant.
- the third layer may have a portion where the thickness decreases by a large amount in a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the third layer. may have a portion where the amount of decrease is small.
- the amount of decrease in thickness from the one end to the other end of the third layer may be constant.
- the cross-sectional shape of the third layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end, the thickness of the one end may be thinner than the thickness of the other end, and the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end. It may be thicker than the edge.
- the fourth layer may have a region where the thickness increases or a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer.
- the fourth layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer.
- the fourth layer may have a portion where the thickness increases by a large amount in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer. may have a portion where the amount of increase is small. In the fourth layer, the amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer may be constant.
- the fourth layer may have a portion where the thickness decreases by a large amount in a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer. may have a portion where the amount of decrease is small.
- the amount of decrease in thickness from the one end to the other end of the fourth layer may be constant.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fourth layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end, the thickness of the one end may be thinner than the thickness of the other end, and the thickness of the one end may be the same as the thickness of the other end. It may be thicker than the edge.
- the fifth layer may have a region where the thickness increases or a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer.
- the fifth layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer.
- the fifth layer may have a portion where the thickness increases by a large amount in a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer. may have a portion where the amount of increase is small. In the fifth layer, the amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer may be constant.
- the fifth layer may have a portion where the thickness decreases by a large amount in a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer. may have a portion where the amount of decrease is small.
- the amount of decrease in thickness from the one end to the other end of the fifth layer may be constant.
- the cross-sectional shape of the fifth layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the thickness of the one end and the thickness of the other end may be the same, the thickness of the one end may be thinner than the thickness of the other end, and the thickness of the one end is the same as the thickness of the other end. It may be thicker than the thickness.
- the colored layer may have a region where the thickness increases or a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the colored layer.
- the colored layer may have a region where the thickness increases and a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the colored layer.
- the colored layer may have a region where the thickness increases from the one end to the other end of the colored layer, and the colored layer may have a portion where the thickness increases. It may have a portion that becomes smaller.
- the amount of increase in thickness from the one end to the other end of the colored layer may be constant.
- the colored layer may have a portion where the thickness decreases by a large amount in a region where the thickness decreases from the one end to the other end of the colored layer, and the thickness decreases by a large amount. It may have a portion that becomes smaller.
- the amount of decrease in thickness from the one end to the other end of the colored layer may be constant.
- the cross-sectional shape of the colored layer in the thickness direction may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the intermediate film may be rolled to form a roll of the intermediate film.
- the roll body may include a winding core and an intermediate film wound around the outer periphery of the winding core.
- the method for manufacturing the above intermediate film is not particularly limited.
- examples of the method for manufacturing the above-mentioned interlayer film include a method of extruding a resin composition using an extruder.
- the method for manufacturing the above-mentioned interlayer film includes, for example, a method in which each layer is formed using each resin composition for forming each layer, and then the obtained layers are laminated.
- examples of the method for manufacturing the above-mentioned interlayer film include a method in which each layer is laminated by coextruding each resin composition for forming each layer using an extruder. Extrusion molding is preferred as it is suitable for continuous production.
- Methods for laminating each layer by coextrusion include a method in which the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film are melted in one or more extruders and combined in a mold, and a method in which the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film are combined in a feed block.
- the method of From the viewpoint of successfully manufacturing an interlayer film that satisfies the above formula (1-1) or the above formula (1-2), the above method for manufacturing an interlayer film is based on an interlayer film melted using one or more extruders. It is preferable to include a step of merging materials for forming each layer in a mold, or a step of merging each layer of the intermediate film in a feed block.
- the flow rate of the molten resin containing the colorant should be It is preferable that it be relatively small compared to the location.
- the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin, since the production efficiency of the intermediate film is excellent. Since the production efficiency of the intermediate film is excellent, it is more preferable that the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin and the same plasticizer. It is further preferable that the second layer and the third layer are formed of the same resin composition, since the production efficiency of the intermediate film is excellent.
- the intermediate film has an uneven shape on at least one of the surfaces on both sides. It is more preferable that the intermediate film has an uneven shape on both surfaces.
- the method for forming the above-mentioned uneven shape is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a lip embossing method (melt fracture method), an embossing roll method, a calender roll method, and a profile extrusion method.
- the interlayer film has an uneven surface imparted by an embossing roll method or a melt fracture method. It is preferable.
- the ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the uneven surface is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more.
- the thickness is preferably 90 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 70 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the uneven surface is measured in accordance with JIS B0601:1994.
- a measuring instrument for measuring the ten-point average roughness (Rz) for example, "Surfcorder SE300" manufactured by Kosaka Institute can be used. More specifically, the above ten-point average roughness (Rz) is measured using a palpation needle with a tip radius of 2 ⁇ m and a tip angle of 60°, a cutoff value of 2.5 mm at the time of measurement, a reference length of 2.5 mm, Measurement can be performed in an environment of 23° C.
- the ten-point average roughness (Rz) is measured by sending a palpation needle in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the score lines.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the above-mentioned interlayer film.
- the intermediate film is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.
- the above laminated glass may be a head-up display.
- the laminated glass When the laminated glass is a head-up display, the laminated glass has a head-up display display area.
- the display area is an area where information can be displayed well.
- a head-up display system can be obtained using the head-up display described above.
- the head-up display system includes the above laminated glass and a light source device for irradiating the laminated glass with light for image display.
- the light source device can be attached to a dashboard of a vehicle, for example.
- Image display can be performed by irradiating the display area of the laminated glass with light from the light source device.
- the first laminated glass member is a first glass plate.
- the second laminated glass member is preferably a second glass plate.
- first and second laminated glass members include glass plates and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films.
- the above-mentioned laminated glass includes not only laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between two glass plates, but also laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like.
- the laminated glass is a laminate including glass plates, and preferably at least one glass plate is used.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member are each a glass plate or a PET film, and the laminated glass is one of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. It is preferable to provide at least one of the glass plates. It is particularly preferable that both the first and second laminated glass members are glass plates.
- Examples of the glass plate include inorganic glass and organic glass.
- Examples of the inorganic glass include float glass, heat-absorbing glass, heat-reflecting glass, polished glass, patterned glass, wired glass, and green glass.
- the organic glass is a synthetic resin glass that replaces inorganic glass.
- Examples of the organic glass include polycarbonate plates and poly(meth)acrylic resin plates.
- Examples of the poly(meth)acrylic resin board include a polymethyl(meth)acrylate board.
- each of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is preferably 1 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, and more preferably 3 mm or less. Further, when the laminated glass member is a glass plate, the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 0.7 mm or more, and preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less. . When the laminated glass member is a PET film, the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more, and preferably 0.5 mm or less.
- the cross-sectional shape of the first laminated glass member may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second laminated glass member may be rectangular or wedge-shaped.
- the first laminated glass member may have a curved surface, and the second laminated glass member may have a curved surface.
- the thickness of the first laminated glass member is preferably uniform, and the thickness of the second laminated glass member is preferably uniform.
- the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or achromatic by selecting the combination of the interlayer film and the first and second laminated glass members in a complementary color relationship. It can be a similar color.
- the color of the laminated glass can be made achromatic or a color close to achromatic. .
- the first laminated glass member may or may not be colored glass.
- the second laminated glass member may be colored glass or may not be colored glass.
- the colored glass examples include green glass, heat-absorbing glass, heat-reflecting glass, polished glass, patterned glass, wired glass, and the like.
- the wires may be reticulated.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member that is colored glass is preferably -10 or more, more preferably -8 or more, still more preferably -6 or more, and particularly preferably is -5 or more, preferably 0 or less, more preferably -2 or less, still more preferably -3 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member, which is colored glass, is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more, and still more preferably 0.5 or more. , preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2.8 or less, still more preferably 2 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member which is colored glass is preferably 88 or more, more preferably 90 or more, still more preferably 92 or more, and preferably 97 Below, it is more preferably 96 or less, still more preferably 95 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the second laminated glass member that is colored glass is preferably -10 or more, more preferably -8 or more, still more preferably -6 or more, and particularly preferably is -5 or more, preferably 0 or less, more preferably -2 or less, still more preferably -3 or less.
- the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the second laminated glass member that is colored glass is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more, and even more preferably 0.5 or more. , preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2.8 or less, still more preferably 2 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the second laminated glass member which is colored glass is preferably 88 or more, more preferably 90 or more, still more preferably 92 or more, and preferably 97 Below, it is more preferably 96 or less, still more preferably 95 or less.
- the color coordinate L * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinates a * in are preferably ⁇ 2 or more, and preferably 2 or less.
- Each of the color coordinates b * in is preferably ⁇ 2 or more, and preferably 2 or less.
- Each of the color coordinates L * in is preferably 90 or more, and preferably 98 or less.
- a laminate of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member may be referred to as a "laminated laminated glass member".
- the laminated glass member has a laminated structure of the first laminated glass member/the second laminated glass member.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member is preferably -10 or more, more preferably -8 or more, still more preferably -7 or more, particularly preferably -6 or more. , preferably -2 or less, more preferably -3 or less, still more preferably -4 or less.
- the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, still more preferably 0.7 or more, and preferably 6 or less, It is more preferably 4 or less, still more preferably 3 or less, particularly preferably 2 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member is preferably 84 or more, more preferably 86 or more, even more preferably 87 or more, and preferably 92 or less, more preferably 90 Below, it is more preferably 89 or below.
- the color coordinate L * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the heat shielding properties of the laminated glass can be further improved.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, still more preferably 3 or more, particularly preferably 3.5 or more, and preferably 10 Below, it is more preferably 8 or less, still more preferably 7.5 or less.
- the color coordinate a * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, when colored glass is used, the color of the laminated glass can be an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the intermediate film is preferably -10 or more, more preferably -8 or more, even more preferably -5 or more, still more preferably -3 or more, and even more preferably -3 or more. It is preferably -1 or more, particularly preferably 0 or more, most preferably 1 or more, preferably 5 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
- the color coordinate b * is greater than or equal to the lower limit and less than or equal to the upper limit, when colored glass is used, the color of the laminated glass can be achromatic or a color close to achromatic.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, still more preferably 40 or more, and even more preferably 60 or more. , particularly preferably 70 or more, particularly preferably 80 or more. It is preferable that the color coordinate L* in the L * a * b * color system of the above-mentioned interlayer film exceeds 80, and the color coordinate L* in the L * a * b * color system of the above-mentioned interlayer film is preferably 88 or more. , more preferably 90 or more, still more preferably 91 or more, preferably 98 or less, more preferably 95 or less, still more preferably 94 or less. When the color coordinate L * is not less than the lower limit and not more than the upper limit, when colored glass is used, the color of the laminated glass can be an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color.
- the L * a * b * table of the laminated laminated glass member described above It is preferable that the product of the color coordinate a * in the color system and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the intermediate film is a negative value.
- the sum of the color coordinate a* in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is preferably 4 or less, More preferably it is 3 or less, and still more preferably 2 or less. The closer the above sum is to 0, the more preferable it is.
- the relationship between the laminated glass member and the interlayer film can be set in a complementary color relationship, and the color of the laminated glass can be made an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color.
- the sum of the color coordinate a* in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is 0 or more, and It may be -2 or more, -3 or more, or -4 or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the color coordinate a* in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member and the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is preferably It is 0 or more, more preferably 3 or more, preferably 15 or less, and more preferably 13 or less.
- the color of the laminated glass can be an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color.
- the color coordinate a* in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member is a negative value
- the color coordinate a * of the laminated glass member is a negative value
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the film is a positive value.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member is a negative value
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is a positive value.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member is a negative value
- the color coordinate a* in the L * a * b * color system of the second laminated glass member is a negative value
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is Preferably, it is a positive value.
- the color coordinate b* in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member is a positive value
- the color coordinate b * in the above intermediate color system is a positive value. It is preferable that the color coordinate b * of the film in the L * a * b * color system is 5 or less.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member is a positive value, It is preferable that the color coordinate b * of the interlayer film in the L * a * b * color system is 5 or less.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member is a positive value
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the second laminated glass member is a positive value
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is It is preferably 5 or less.
- the color coordinate b* in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member is a positive value
- the color coordinate b * in the above intermediate color system is a positive value
- the color coordinate b * of the film in the L * a * b * color system is a negative value.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member is a positive value
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is a negative value.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the first laminated glass member is a positive value
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the second laminated glass member is a positive value
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the interlayer film is Preferably, it is a negative value.
- the color coordinate a * in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated glass is preferably -5 or more, more preferably -4.5 or more, more preferably -4 or more, even more preferably -3.5. or more, more preferably -3 or more, even more preferably -2.5 or more, particularly preferably -2 or more, even more preferably -1.5 or more, most preferably -1 or more, preferably 5 or less, more preferably is 4.5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, even more preferably 3.5 or less, still more preferably 3 or less, even more preferably 2.5 or less, particularly preferably 2 or less, particularly still more preferably 1.5 or less. , most preferably 1 or less.
- the color of the laminated glass can be an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color.
- the color coordinate b * in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated glass is preferably -5 or more, more preferably -4.5 or more, more preferably -4 or more, even more preferably -2 or more, More preferably 0 or more, even more preferably 1 or more, particularly preferably 1.5 or more, preferably 5 or less, more preferably 4.5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, even more preferably 3.5 or less, particularly preferably is 3 or less.
- the color of the laminated glass can be an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated glass is preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, even more preferably 20 or more, still more preferably 40 or more, and even more preferably 60 or more. , particularly preferably 70 or more, particularly preferably 80 or more.
- the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated glass preferably exceeds 80, and the color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated glass preferably exceeds 84. Above, it is more preferably 86 or more, still more preferably 87 or more, preferably 98 or less, more preferably 95 or less, still more preferably 92 or less, particularly preferably 90 or less.
- the color of the laminated glass can be an achromatic color or a color close to an achromatic color.
- Color coordinates a*, color coordinates b * , and color coordinates in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated glass, the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, the laminated laminated glass member, and the interlayer film The color coordinate L * is measured in accordance with JIS Z8781.
- the color coordinate a * , the color coordinate b * , and the color coordinate L * of the laminated glass, the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, the laminated laminated glass member, and the interlayer film are each measured object. means the value measured at the center position between one end and the other end. The one end and the other end are opposite ends of the object to be measured.
- the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b* , and color coordinate L * in the L*a * b * color system of the laminated glass are measured by the method described above using the laminated glass itself.
- the color coordinates a * , b *, and L * of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member in the L * a * b * color system are the same as the first laminated glass member itself. Alternatively, it is measured by the method described above using the second laminated glass member itself.
- the color coordinate a*, the color coordinate b * , and the color coordinate L* in the L * a * b * color system of the laminated laminated glass member are the two laminated glass members, the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. It is measured by the method described above using a laminated laminated glass member in a state where the laminated glass members are stacked one on top of the other.
- the color coordinate a * , color coordinate b * , and color coordinate L * in the L*a * b * color system of the above interlayer film are measured as follows when using the interlayer film before it is made into laminated glass . be done.
- the intermediate film is sandwiched between two polyethylene terephthalate sheets (PET sheets) to obtain a first laminate.
- the obtained first laminate is sandwiched between two sheets of glass and fixed with heat-resistant tape to obtain a second laminate.
- the obtained second laminate is pre-pressed and autoclaved.
- the two glasses and the two PET sheets are peeled off to obtain an intermediate film. Thereby, the uneven surface (embossed surface) of the intermediate film can be made into a smooth surface.
- the measurement is performed by the method described above using the obtained interlayer film itself.
- As the PET sheet "Polyester Film Lumirror #100-T60" manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. is preferably used.
- the color coordinate a *, color coordinate b* , and color coordinate L * in the L * a * b * color system of the above interlayer film are measured as follows when using the interlayer film after laminated glass. be done.
- the laminated glass member is peeled off from the laminated glass to obtain an interlayer film.
- the measurement is performed by the method described above using the obtained interlayer film itself.
- the method for manufacturing the above laminated glass is not particularly limited. First, an interlayer film is sandwiched between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member to obtain a laminate. Next, for example, the first laminated glass member, the second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film are bonded by passing the obtained laminate through a pressure roll or placing it in a rubber bag and vacuuming it. Evacuate any air remaining in between. Thereafter, the laminate is pre-bonded at about 70° C. to 110° C. to obtain a pre-pressed laminate. Next, the pre-pressed laminate is placed in an autoclave or pressed to be pressed at about 120° C. to 150° C. and a pressure of 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa. In this way, laminated glass can be obtained.
- the interlayer film and the laminated glass can be used in automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc.
- the above interlayer film and the above laminated glass can be used for purposes other than these.
- the interlayer film and laminated glass are preferably interlayer films and laminated glass for vehicles or buildings, and more preferably interlayer films and laminated glass for vehicles.
- the above interlayer film and the above laminated glass can be used for automobile windshields, side glasses, rear glasses, roof glasses, backlight glasses, etc.
- the above interlayer film and the above laminated glass are suitably used in automobiles.
- the above interlayer film is suitably used to obtain laminated glass for automobiles.
- n-butyraldehyde having 4 carbon atoms is used for acetalization.
- degree of acetalization degree of butyralization
- degree of acetylation degree of acetylation
- content of hydroxyl groups were measured by a method based on JIS K6728 "Polyvinyl butyral test method”.
- ASTM D1396-92 the same numerical values as in the method based on JIS K6728 "Polyvinyl Butyral Test Method” were shown.
- Polyvinyl acetal resin (1) polyvinyl butyral resin, average degree of polymerization 1700, hydroxyl group content 30 mol%, degree of acetylation 1 mol%, degree of acetalization (butyralization degree) 69 mol%
- Polyvinyl acetal resin (2) polyvinyl butyral resin, average degree of polymerization 3000, hydroxyl group content 22 mol%, degree of acetylation 13 mol%, degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization) 65 mol%
- PB15-1 Pigment Blue 15-1 (copper phthalocyanine pigment)
- PR202 Pigment Red 202 (quinacridone pigment)
- Pblack-7 Pigment black 7 (carbon black)
- PR149 Pigment Red 149 (perylene pigment)
- ITO Tin-doped indium oxide particles (heat shielding material)
- CWO Cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (heat shielding material)
- Tinuvin326 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole ("Tinuvin326" manufactured by BASF)
- the materials for each layer were charged into a coextruder in the amounts shown in Table 4 below, and interlayer films were produced by kneading in the coextruder.
- the types of materials used in each Example and each Comparative Example are listed in Tables 6 to 35 (specifically, Tables 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22). , 25, 28, 31, 34).
- the content of the plasticizer (3GO) is the content based on 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl acetal resin, and the content of components other than the plasticizer is the content in 100% by weight of the material.
- Example 1 Preparation of interlayer film: A material for forming the first layer shown in the table below and a material for forming the second and third layers shown in the table below were coextruded using a coextruder. In addition, the pressure distribution when merging each material was adjusted. In this way, an intermediate film (intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 1) having a three-layer structure (second layer/first layer/third layer) was obtained.
- Preparation of laminated glass The obtained interlayer film was sandwiched between two sheets of clear glass (300 mm long x 300 mm wide) having a thickness of 2 mm in accordance with JIS R3202:1996 to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate was placed in a rubber bag and degassed for 20 minutes at a vacuum level of 2.6 kPa, then transferred to an oven while being degassed, and further held at 90°C for 30 minutes for vacuum pressing, and the laminate was was pre-crimped.
- the pre-press-bonded laminate was pressure-bonded for 20 minutes in an autoclave at 135° C. and a pressure of 1.2 MPa to obtain a laminated glass.
- the obtained laminated glass corresponds to the laminated glass A described above.
- Example 2 The same procedure as Example 1 was performed except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion amount ratio of the resin in each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution in each layer was adjusted. Similarly, an intermediate film having a three-layer structure (second layer/first layer/third layer) (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 2) was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 3 Preparation of interlayer film: The materials for forming the first layer shown in the table below and the materials for forming the second layer shown in the table below were coextruded using a coextruder. In addition, the pressure distribution when merging each material was adjusted. In this way, an intermediate film having a two-layer structure (second layer/first layer) (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 3) was obtained.
- a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 4 Same as Example 3 except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion amount ratio of the resin in each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution in each layer was adjusted. Similarly, an intermediate film having a two-layer structure (second layer/first layer) (intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 4) was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 5 The same procedure as Example 1 was performed except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion amount ratio of the resin in each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution in each layer was adjusted. Similarly, an intermediate film having a three-layer structure (second layer/first layer/third layer) (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 5) was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 6 The same procedure as Example 1 was performed except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion amount ratio of the resin in each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution in each layer was adjusted. Similarly, an intermediate film having a three-layer structure (second layer/first layer/third layer) (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 6) was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 7 Preparation of interlayer film: The materials listed in the table below were used to form the first to fourth layers. These materials were coextruded using a coextruder. In addition, the pressure distribution when merging each material was adjusted. In this way, an intermediate film having a four-layer structure (second layer/fourth layer/first layer/third layer) (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 7) was obtained.
- a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 8 (Examples 8 to 10)
- Example 7 an intermediate film having a four-layer structure (second layer/fourth layer/first layer/third layer) (intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 7) was obtained.
- Ta Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 11 The same procedure as Example 1 was performed except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion amount ratio of the resin in each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution in each layer was adjusted. Similarly, an intermediate film having a three-layer structure (second layer/first layer/third layer) (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 8) was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 12 A three-layer structure (second layer/first layer/third layer) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below. An intermediate film having a shape shown in FIG. 8 was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Examples 13 to 15 The same procedure as Example 7 was performed except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion amount ratio of the resin in each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution in each layer was adjusted. Similarly, an intermediate film having a four-layer structure (second layer/fourth layer/first layer/third layer) (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 9) was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Example 16 Preparation of interlayer film: Materials for forming the first to fifth layers shown in the table below were used. Note that the fifth layer is a shade layer. These materials were coextruded using a coextruder. In addition, the pressure distribution when merging each material was adjusted. In this way, an intermediate film having a shade area (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 10) was obtained.
- a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- interlayer film Materials for forming the first to fifth layers shown in the table below were used. These materials were coextruded using a coextruder. In addition, the pressure distribution when merging each material was adjusted. In this way, an intermediate film having a five-layer structure (second layer/fourth layer/first layer/fifth layer/third layer) (intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 11) I got it.
- Example 18-26 Same as Example 3 except that the materials for forming each layer of the interlayer film were changed as shown in the table below, the extrusion amount ratio of the resin in each layer was changed, and the resin flow rate distribution in each layer was adjusted. Similarly, an intermediate film having a two-layer structure (second layer/first layer) was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- Comparative example 1 It was used as a material for forming the first layer shown in the table below. This material was extruded using an extruder. In this way, a single-layer intermediate film (an intermediate film having the shape shown in FIG. 16) was obtained. Further, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the obtained interlayer film.
- [Criteria for judging haze of laminated glass] A: Out of 20 inspectors, 15 or more judged it to be cloudy and unable to see. B: Out of 20 inspectors, between 10 and 14 judged it to be cloudy and unable to see. C: At least 1 out of 20 inspectors judged that it was cloudy and unable to see. 9 or less people judged that the image was cloudy and could not see. D: 20 out of 20 inspectors judged that the image was cloudy.
- Tv1 Color unevenness of laminated glass Visible light transmittance (Tv1) of laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the maximum thickness position (X1) of the interlayer film and laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the minimum thickness position (X2) of the interlayer film Z was calculated from the visible light transmittance (Tv2) of A) using the following formula.
- Tv1 the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the maximum thickness position (XQ1) of the interlayer film is Tv1
- the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) at the minimum thickness position (XQ2) of the interlayer film is Tv1.
- the visible light transmittance of was defined as Tv2.
- the color unevenness of the laminated glass was evaluated using the following criteria.
- Double image The double image of the laminated glass (laminated glass A) was evaluated using a HUD evaluation device in which a virtual image is displayed 3 m ahead of the observer's eyes through the laminated glass. Specifically, by comparing the state of the double image between the laminated glass and the laminated glass for comparison, the double image was evaluated based on the following criteria.
- the wedge angle of the interlayer film in the comparative laminated glass was adjusted to the same angle as the wedge angle of the interlayer film in the laminated glass.
- the interlayer film in the laminated glass for comparison does not contain a coloring agent, and the Tv of the laminated glass for comparison is calculated using the formula (1-1B) for the laminated glass to be evaluated. Adjusted to the same value.
- the double image was evaluated by the number of examiners who judged that the obtained laminated glass (laminated glass A) had improved double image compared to the comparison laminated glass.
- composition and results of the interlayer film are shown in Tables 6 to 35 below. Further, the thickness profiles and visible light transmittance profiles of Examples 18 to 21 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Tables 36 and 37, and the relationship between coordinates and visible light transmittance is shown in FIG.
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Abstract
Description
2)上述した合わせガラスの製造方法
本発明に係る合わせガラス用中間膜(本明細書において、「中間膜」と略記することがある)は、合わせガラスに用いられる。
まず、本発明者は、着色剤を含まない均一な厚みを有する単層の樹脂膜(楔角度0mrad)を作製した。なお、樹脂膜は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100重量部と、トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)36.8重量部とを含む樹脂膜である。得られた樹脂膜を用いて、上述の合わせガラスAの作製方法に従って、合わせガラスを作製し、該合わせガラスの可視光線透過率を測定した。その結果、樹脂膜の厚みと合わせガラスの可視光線透過率との関係性として、下記表1及び図17に示す関係性が得られた。
PB15-1:ピグメントブルー15-1(銅フタロシアニン顔料)
PR202:ピグメントレッド202(キナクリドン顔料)
Pblack-7:ピグメントブラック7(カーボンブラック)
ITO:錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子(遮熱性物質、ITO粒子)
CWO:セシウムドープ酸化タングステン粒子(遮熱性物質、CWO粒子)
上記中間膜は着色剤を含むことが好ましい。上記中間膜は着色剤を含む着色層を備えることが好ましい。上記第1の層は、着色剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第2の層は、着色剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第3の層は、着色剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第4の層は、着色剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。上記第5の層は、着色剤を含んでいてもよく、含んでいなくてもよい。通常、着色層が存在する領域が、上記着色領域に対応する。上記中間膜において、着色層は、1層のみ存在してもよく、2層存在していてもよく、2層以上存在していてもよい。上記中間膜において、上記着色層は、10層以下存在していてもよく、5層以下存在していてもよい。
上記中間膜の第1の外表面から第2の外表面までの距離をtとする。遮熱性能を高める観点からは、上記第1の外表面から上記第2の外表面に向かって0t~0.2tの領域において、上記着色剤が存在することが好ましい。上記中間膜と合わせガラス部材との接着安定性を高める観点からは、上記第1の外表面から上記第2の外表面に向かって0.2t超~0.4tの領域において、上記着色剤が存在することが好ましい。上記中間膜と合わせガラス部材との接着安定性を高める観点からは、上記第1の外表面から上記第2の外表面に向かって0.4t超~0.5tの領域において、上記着色剤が存在することが好ましい。
上記中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、熱可塑性樹脂を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、熱可塑性樹脂を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、熱可塑性樹脂を含むことが好ましい。上記第4の層は、熱可塑性樹脂を含むことが好ましい。上記第5の層は、熱可塑性樹脂を含むことが好ましい。上記着色層は、熱可塑性樹脂を含むことが好ましい。上記熱可塑性樹脂は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
中間膜の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記中間膜は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第4の層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第5の層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記着色層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。中間膜に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である場合に、中間膜(各層)は、可塑剤を含むことが特に好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記可塑剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜、上記第1の層、上記第2の層、上記第3の層、上記第4の層、上記第5の層及び上記着色層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、上述した成分以外の他の成分を含んでいてもよい。上記他の成分としては、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、カップリング剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、接着力調整剤(アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩等)、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等が挙げられる。これらの他の成分はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上述したように、中間膜の各層における一端は中間膜の一端に対応し、中間膜の各層における他端は中間膜の他端に対応する。
本発明に係る合わせガラスは、第1の合わせガラス部材と、第2の合わせガラス部材と、上述した中間膜とを備える。本発明に係る合わせガラスでは、上記第1の合わせガラス部材と上記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、上記中間膜が配置されている。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1):ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、平均重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)69モル%
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2):ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、平均重合度3000、水酸基の含有率22モル%、アセチル化度13モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)65モル%
3GO:トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート
PB15-1:ピグメントブルー15-1(銅フタロシアニン顔料)
PR202:ピグメントレッド202(キナクリドン顔料)
Pblack-7:ピグメントブラック7(カーボンブラック)
PR149:ピグメントレッド149(ペリレン顔料)
ITO:錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子(遮熱性物質)
CWO:セシウムドープ酸化タングステン粒子(遮熱性物質)
Tinuvin326:2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール(BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
BHT:2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール
中間膜の作製:
下記の表に示す第1の層を形成するための材料と、下記の表に示す第2,第3の層を形成するための材料とを、共押出機を用いて共押出した。なお、各材料を合流させる際の圧力分布を調整した。このようにして、3層の構造(第2の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図1に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。
得られた中間膜を、JIS R3202:1996に準拠した厚み2mmのクリアガラス(縦300mm×横300mm)2枚の間に挟み、積層体を得た。得られた積層体をゴムバック内に入れ、2.6kPaの真空度で20分間脱気した後、脱気したままオーブン内に移し、更に90℃で30分間保持して真空プレスし、積層体を予備圧着した。オートクレーブ中で135℃及び圧力1.2MPaの条件で、予備圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラスを得た。得られた合わせガラスは、上述した合わせガラスAに相当する。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと、各層の樹脂の押出量比を変更したこと、各層の樹脂流量分布を調整したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、3層の構造(第2の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図2に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の作製:
下記の表に示す第1の層を形成するための材料と、下記の表に示す第2の層を形成するための材料とを、共押出機を用いて共押出した。なお、各材料を合流させる際の圧力分布を調整した。このようにして、2層の構造(第2の層/第1の層)を有する中間膜(図3に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。
得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと、各層の樹脂の押出量比を変更したこと、各層の樹脂流量分布を調整したこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、2層の構造(第2の層/第1の層)を有する中間膜(図4に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと、各層の樹脂の押出量比を変更したこと、各層の樹脂流量分布を調整したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、3層の構造(第2の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図5に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと、各層の樹脂の押出量比を変更したこと、各層の樹脂流量分布を調整したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、3層の構造(第2の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図6に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の作製:
第1~第4の層を形成するための材料として下記の表に記載の材料を用いた。これらの材料を、共押出機を用いて共押出した。なお、各材料を合流させる際の圧力分布を調整した。このようにして、4層の構造(第2の層/第4の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図7に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。
得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと、各層の樹脂の押出量比を変更したこと、各材料を合流させる際の圧力分布を調整したこと以外は、実施例7と同様にして、4層の構造(第2の層/第4の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図7に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと、各層の樹脂の押出量比を変更したこと、各層の樹脂流量分布を調整したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、3層の構造(第2の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図8に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと以外は、実施例11と同様にして、3層の構造(第2の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図8に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと、各層の樹脂の押出量比を変更したこと、各層の樹脂流量分布を調整したこと以外は、実施例7と同様にして、4層の構造(第2の層/第4の層/第1の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図9に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の作製:
下記の表に示す第1~第5の層を形成するための材料を用いた。なお、第5の層は、シェード層である。これらの材料を、共押出機を用いて共押出した。なお、各材料を合流させる際の圧力分布を調整した。このようにして、シェード領域を有する中間膜(図10に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。
得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
中間膜の作製:
下記の表に示す第1~第5の層を形成するための材料を用いた。これらの材料を、共押出機を用いて共押出した。なお、各材料を合流させる際の圧力分布を調整した。このようにして、5層の構造(第2の層/第4の層/第1の層/第5の層/第3の層)を有する中間膜(図11に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。
中間膜の各層を形成するための材料を下記の表に示すように変更したこと、各層の樹脂の押出量比を変更したこと、各層の樹脂流量分布を調整したこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、2層の構造(第2の層/第1の層)を有する中間膜を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
下記の表に示す第1の層を形成するための材料として用いた。この材料を、押出機を用いて押出した。このようにして、単層の中間膜(図16に示す形状を有する中間膜)を得た。また、得られた中間膜を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
(1)中間膜の厚みの測定
接触式厚み計測器(山文電気社製「TOF-4R」)を用いて、上述した方法により、中間膜の厚みを測定した。
得られた中間膜の厚みプロファイルから、上述した方法により、中間膜全体での楔角(θ)、及び、中間膜の一端と他端とを結ぶ方向の長さ400mmでの部分楔角を算出した。
中間膜の各層のガラス転移点を、上述した方法により測定した。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4150」)を用いて、上述した方法により、得られた合わせガラス(合わせガラスA)の波長380nm~780nmにおける可視光線透過率を測定した。得られた可視光線透過率から、上述した方法により、上記式(1-1)又は上記式(1-2)の関係式を満足するか否かを確認した。なお、可視光線透過率は、中間膜の上記一端から上記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における中間膜の最大厚み位置(X1)及び最小厚み位置(X2)にて測定した。
暗室にて、得られた合わせガラス(合わせガラスA)に強光源を照射した。中間膜の上記一端から上記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における中間膜の最大厚み位置(X1)における合わせガラスの曇りの程度と、同領域内における中間膜の最小厚み位置(X2)の合わせガラスの曇りの程度とを、20人の検査員が評価した。具体的には、検査員20人中、中間膜の最大厚み位置(X1)の方が、中間膜の最小厚み位置(X2)と比較して、合わせガラスが曇って見えないと判定した人数により、合わせガラスのヘーズを評価した。
A:検査員20人中、15人以上が曇って見えないと判定
B:検査員20人中、10人以上14人以下が曇って見えないと判定
C:検査員20人中、1人以上9人以下が曇って見えないと判定
D:検査員20人中、20人が曇って見えると判定
中間膜の最大厚み位置(X1)における合わせガラス(合わせガラスA)の可視光線透過率(Tv1)と、中間膜の最小厚み位置(X2)における合わせガラス(合わせガラスA)の可視光線透過率(Tv2)とから、下記式により、Zを算出した。なお、実施例16では、中間膜の最大厚み位置(XQ1)における合わせガラス(合わせガラスA)の可視光線透過率をTv1とし、中間膜の最小厚み位置(XQ2)における合わせガラス(合わせガラスA)の可視光線透過率をTv2とした。
A:Zの絶対値が4未満
B:Zの絶対値が4以上8未満
C:Zの絶対値が8以上10未満
D:Zの絶対値が10以上
合わせガラスを介して観測者の目から3m先に虚像が表示されるHUD評価装置を用いて、合わせガラス(合わせガラスA)の二重像を評価した。具体的には、合わせガラスと、比較対象用合わせガラスとの二重像の様子を比較することにより、下記の基準で二重像を評価した。なお、上記比較対象用合わせガラスにおける中間膜の楔角は、上記合わせガラスにおける中間膜の楔角と同じ角度に調整した。また、上記比較対象用合わせガラスにおける中間膜には着色剤は含まれておらず、上記比較対象用合わせガラスは、Tvが、評価対象となる合わせガラスの式(1-1B)で計算される値と同じ値に調整した。検査員20人中、得られた合わせガラス(合わせガラスA)が、比較対象用合わせガラスと比較して、二重像が改善していると判定した人数により、二重像を評価した。
A:検査員20人中、15人以上が比較対象用合わせガラスよりも、二重像が抑えられていると判定
B:検査員20人中、10人以上14人以下が比較対象用合わせガラスよりも、二重像が抑えられていると判定
C:検査員20人中、1人以上9人以下が比較対象用合わせガラスよりも、二重像が抑えられていると判定
2,2A,2B,2C,2D,2E,2F,2G,2H,2I,2J,2K,2L,2M,2N…第2の層
3,3A,3D,3E,3F,3G,3H,3I,3J…第3の層
4F,4H,4I,4J…第4の層
5I,5J…第5の層
11,11A,11B,11C,11D,11E,11F,11G,11H,11I,11J,11K,11L,11M,11N…中間膜
11a…一端
11b…他端
Claims (31)
- 一端と他端とを有する合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
中間膜の前記一端と前記他端との距離をXとし、
前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における中間膜の任意の位置(1)での中間膜の厚みをT1mmとし、
前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における前記位置(1)での中間膜の厚みよりも中間膜の厚みが25μm以上小さい位置(2)での中間膜の厚みをT2mmとし、
2枚のクリアガラスの間に中間膜を挟み込むことにより得られた合わせガラスAにおいて、前記位置(1)における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率をTv1%とし、前記位置(2)における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率をTv2%としたときに、
中間膜は、下記式(1-1)を満足する部分を有する、合わせガラス用中間膜。
前記式(1-1)において、ΔTv及びf(T)はそれぞれ、下記式(1-1A)及び下記式(1-1B)で表される値である。
- 前記位置(1)が、前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における中間膜の最大厚み位置(X1)であり、
前記位置(2)が、前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における中間膜の最小厚み位置(X2)である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 中間膜は、前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率が、前記式(1-1B)から計算される数値以下である部分を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜は、着色剤を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜の全平面積100%中、着色領域の平面積が70%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記位置(1)において、前記着色領域が存在し、
前記位置(2)において、前記着色領域が存在する、請求項5に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 中間膜は、着色剤を含む着色層を備え、
前記着色層の最小厚みが30μm以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記位置(1)において、前記着色層が存在する、請求項7に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記着色層100重量%中、前記着色剤の含有量が0.00001重量%以上7重量%以下である、請求項7又は8に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜は、前記着色層を2層以上備える、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜の第1の外表面から第2の外表面までの距離をtとしたときに、前記第1の外表面から前記第2の外表面に向かって0t~0.2tの領域において、着色剤が存在する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜の第1の外表面から第2の外表面までの距離をtとしたときに、前記第1の外表面から前記第2の外表面に向かって0.2t超~0.4tの領域において、着色剤が存在する、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜の第1の外表面から第2の外表面までの距離をtとしたときに、前記第1の外表面から前記第2の外表面に向かって0.4t超~0.5tの領域において、着色剤が存在する、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記式(1-1)において、ΔTv<0を満足する、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜は、前記一端と前記他端とを結ぶ方向の長さ400mmでの部分楔角が0.05mrad以上である領域を有する、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜全体での楔角が0.05mrad以上である、請求項1~18のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜は、前記一端と前記他端とを結ぶ方向の長さ400mmでの部分楔角が0.05mrad以上である領域を有し、
中間膜全体での楔角が0.05mrad未満である、請求項1~18のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率の最大値を示す位置が、前記位置(1)とは異なり、かつ前記位置(2)とは異なる、請求項1~20のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率の最大値を示す位置が、前記位置(1)又は前記位置(2)である、請求項1~20のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率の最小値を示す位置が、前記位置(1)とは異なり、かつ前記位置(2)とは異なる、請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率の最小値を示す位置が、前記位置(1)又は前記位置(2)である、請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜は、前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率が85%以下である領域を有する、請求項1~24のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 中間膜は、20℃での貯蔵弾性率が4MPa以上である層を備え、
中間膜は、エンボスロール法又はメルトフラクチャー法により付与された凹凸表面を有し、前記凹凸表面の十点平均粗さが1μm以上100μm以下であり、
中間膜の屈折率が1.46以上である、請求項1~25のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 一端と他端とを有する合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
中間膜は、着色剤を含む着色層を備え、
2枚のクリアガラスの間に中間膜を挟み込むことにより得られた合わせガラスAにおいて、中間膜は、合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率が60%未満である領域に対応するシェード領域と、合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率が60%以上である領域に対応する第2の領域とを有し、
前記第2の領域は、前記第2の領域と前記シェード領域との境界から前記第2の領域側に向かって200mmの領域である領域Pと、前記領域P以外の領域である領域Qとを有し、
中間膜の前記領域Qの全平面積100%中、前記着色層が存在する部分の平面積が80%以上であり、
前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内に存在する前記領域Qにおける中間膜の任意の位置(Q1)での中間膜の厚みをT1mmとし、
前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内に存在する前記領域Qにおける前記位置(Q1)での中間膜の厚みよりも中間膜の厚みが25μm以上小さい位置(Q2)での中間膜の厚みをT2mmとし、
前記位置(Q1)における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率をTv1%とし、前記位置(Q2)における前記合わせガラスAの可視光線透過率をTv2%としたときに、
中間膜は、下記式(1-2)を満足する部分を有する、合わせガラス用中間膜。
前記式(1-2)において、ΔTv及びf(T)はそれぞれ、下記式(1-2A)及び下記式(1-2B)で表される値である。
- 前記位置(Q1)が、前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内に存在する前記領域Qにおける中間膜の最大厚み位置(XQ1)であり、
前記位置(Q2)が、前記一端から前記他端に向かって0.1X~0.9Xの領域内に存在する前記領域Qにおける中間膜の最小厚み位置(XQ2)である、請求項27に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
請求項1~28のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている、合わせガラス。 - 前記第1の合わせガラス部材の厚みは、均一であり、
前記第2の合わせガラス部材の厚みは、均一である、請求項29に記載の合わせガラス。 - 以下のいずれかに当てはまる、製造方法。
1)請求項1~28のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜の製造方法
2)請求項29又は30に記載の合わせガラスの製造方法
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| PCT/JP2023/015239 Ceased WO2023200013A1 (ja) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-04-14 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及びその製造方法、並びに、合わせガラス及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250249663A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4509476A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2023200013A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20250007496A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN118696017A (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2024012165A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202402521A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2023200013A1 (ja) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004536009A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2004-12-02 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | ヘッドアップディスプレイフロントガラス用の成形された中間層、およびその製造方法 |
| WO2017039004A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-09 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| WO2017135470A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | 株式会社クラレ | 積層体 |
| WO2019189741A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及びヘッドアップディスプレイシステムの製造方法 |
| JP2020528039A (ja) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-09-17 | サン−ゴバン グラス フランス | 積層ガラスペインのための熱可塑性フィルム |
| WO2021002035A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| WO2021145328A1 (ja) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-22 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| WO2021261507A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-25 | 2021-12-30 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
-
2023
- 2023-04-14 EP EP23788430.9A patent/EP4509476A1/en active Pending
- 2023-04-14 CN CN202380023871.2A patent/CN118696017A/zh active Pending
- 2023-04-14 WO PCT/JP2023/015239 patent/WO2023200013A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-14 KR KR1020247028323A patent/KR20250007496A/ko active Pending
- 2023-04-14 TW TW112114147A patent/TW202402521A/zh unknown
- 2023-04-14 JP JP2023525033A patent/JPWO2023200013A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-04-14 US US18/855,156 patent/US20250249663A1/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-10-02 MX MX2024012165A patent/MX2024012165A/es unknown
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004536009A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2004-12-02 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | ヘッドアップディスプレイフロントガラス用の成形された中間層、およびその製造方法 |
| WO2017039004A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-09 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| WO2017135470A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | 株式会社クラレ | 積層体 |
| JP2020528039A (ja) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-09-17 | サン−ゴバン グラス フランス | 積層ガラスペインのための熱可塑性フィルム |
| WO2019189741A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及びヘッドアップディスプレイシステムの製造方法 |
| WO2021002035A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| WO2021145328A1 (ja) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-22 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| WO2021261507A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-25 | 2021-12-30 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202402521A (zh) | 2024-01-16 |
| CN118696017A (zh) | 2024-09-24 |
| JPWO2023200013A1 (ja) | 2023-10-19 |
| KR20250007496A (ko) | 2025-01-14 |
| US20250249663A1 (en) | 2025-08-07 |
| MX2024012165A (es) | 2024-11-08 |
| EP4509476A1 (en) | 2025-02-19 |
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