WO2023249075A1 - 非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんの予防又は治療剤 - Google Patents
非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんの予防又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023249075A1 WO2023249075A1 PCT/JP2023/023107 JP2023023107W WO2023249075A1 WO 2023249075 A1 WO2023249075 A1 WO 2023249075A1 JP 2023023107 W JP2023023107 W JP 2023023107W WO 2023249075 A1 WO2023249075 A1 WO 2023249075A1
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- taxifolin
- food
- hepatocellular carcinoma
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
- A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
Definitions
- the present invention provides a CD36 inhibitor consisting of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with CD36 activation, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma derived from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. , and/or pharmaceutical and food compositions for the improvement thereof.
- CD36 a scavenger receptor for fatty acid uptake
- CD36 has been proposed as a prognostic marker for various cancers mainly of epithelial origin (breast, prostate, ovary, colon), as well as hepatocellular carcinoma and glioma.
- CD36 include promoting the cellular uptake of fatty acids (translocase), thereby removing adhesion receptors (Non-Patent Document 1), and activating the glycolytic system in cancer cells ( Warburg effect) (Non-Patent Document 2), causing cancer cell migration and metastasis (Non-Patent Document 3), and promoting anchorage-independent proliferation (Non-Patent Document 4), and the function of CD36 It has been suggested that inhibiting cancer metastasis is beneficial in inhibiting cancer metastasis.
- Non-Patent Document 5 Non-Patent Document 5
- Taxifolin has the following formula (1):
- Taxifolin has recently been confirmed to be safe to ingest (Non-patent Document 6), has an antioxidant effect in acute pancreatitis model mice (Non-patent Document 7), and has a blood sugar-improving effect in type 1 diabetes model rats (Non-patent Document 6). 8), is known to have an inhibitory effect on amyloid ⁇ aggregation, an effect on improving cerebral blood flow, and an effect on improving dementia in Alzheimer's disease model mice (Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 9). The present inventors also found that taxifolin is useful for preventing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (hereinafter referred to as "NASH”) (Patent Document 2).
- NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Obesity is increasing in Japan due to the Westernization of dietary habits and lack of exercise, with diabetes and metabolic syndrome reaching 22 million and 20 million people, respectively, including those at risk. Furthermore, in recent years, with the increase in the obese population, the number of people suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) such as NASH has rapidly increased to approximately 30% of health checkups, or an estimated 15 to 23 million people. According to the latest data, approximately 25% of these patients progress to NASH, and it is estimated that approximately 1/16 of NASH patients will develop hepatocellular carcinoma 10 years later. ing. However, to date, there have been no reports on the CD36 inhibitory effect or the suppressive effect of hepatocellular carcinoma development of taxifolin in subjects suffering from NASH who are at risk of progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma.
- NASH nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- the present invention provides CD36 inhibitors targeting subjects (e.g., mammals) suffering from NASH who are at risk of progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma, and pharmaceuticals for preventing or treating NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma.
- subjects e.g., mammals
- pharmaceuticals for preventing or treating NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma.
- the purpose is to provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical or food composition for preventing, treating, and/or improving diseases associated with CD36 activation other than NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and found that taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof exhibits excellent CD36 inhibitory activity, and has also been able to provide effective prophylactic and therapeutic methods.
- the present invention can be used as a useful and safe medicine or food in the prevention, treatment, and/or improvement of NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma, for which there was no improvement method, and thus completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- CD36 inhibitor of the present invention A CD36 inhibitor for mammals suffering from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, consisting of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "CD36 inhibitor of the present invention").
- CD36 inhibitor of the present invention consisting of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- To prevent or treat diseases associated with CD36 activation by containing a pharmaceutically effective amount of the agent described in [1] above and administering it to a mammal suffering from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. medicine (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the medicine of the present invention”).
- the medicine of the present invention The medicament according to [2] above, wherein the disease associated with CD36 activation is hepatocellular carcinoma derived from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
- [4] The above [2] or [characterized in that it is prepared in the form of a tablet, pill, capsule, powder, granule, fine granule, troche, liquid, nasal spray, or injection. 3].
- [5] The medicament according to any one of [2] to [4] above, wherein the pharmaceutically effective amount is in the range of 0.2 to 200 mg of taxifolin per kg of mammalian body weight per day.
- Composition hereinafter sometimes referred to as "food composition of the present invention”).
- Taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the prevention and/or treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma derived from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis for subjects suffering from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
- an excellent CD36 inhibitor consisting of taxifolin, which is a safe plant-derived ingredient, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the CD36 inhibitor of the present invention can suppress CD36 activity at low concentrations, and can also be used in subjects (e.g., mammals) suffering from NASH who are at risk of progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma. Since it is effective, the onset and progression of NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma can be effectively suppressed. That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical or food composition for preventing, treating, and/or improving NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma, which contains taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. can do.
- diseases associated with CD36 activation other than NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma can be prevented, treated, and/or improved by containing taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- Pharmaceutical or food compositions can also be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows the effect of taxifolin on the expression of the CD36 gene in the liver tissue of high-fat diet-induced obesity model mice.
- Figure 2 shows the effect of taxifolin on fatty acid uptake capacity in HepG2 cells.
- A shows the effect of taxifolin under low glucose (0.1%) conditions
- B shows the effect of taxifolin under high glucose (0.45%) conditions
- C shows the action of taxifolin in the absence of glucose.
- FIG. 3 shows the effect of taxifolin on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in MC4R-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet.
- (A) shows the effect of taxifolin on the number of precancerous lesions
- (B) shows the effect of taxifolin on the number of tumors with clustered precancerous lesions
- (C) shows the effect of taxifolin on the size of tumors. This figure shows the effect of taxifolin on
- taxifolin is a compound represented by the above formula (1), and contains most of the active ingredients (90% It is a type of flavonoid that accounts for more than %).
- the salt of taxifolin may be any salt known in the art as long as it does not cause excessive toxicity.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts that can be easily formed by the action of pharmaceutically acceptable bases are mentioned. Examples of such salts include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts.
- Taxifolin derived from Siberian larch is an optically active form ((+)-taxifolin).
- Taxifolin of the present invention includes not only (+)-taxifolin, but also its enantiomer (-)-taxifolin, and a compound with low optical purity (both optically pure enantiomers are mixed in an appropriate blending ratio). ), and racemates are also included.
- the taxifolin of the present invention is a labeled substance, that is, one or more atoms constituting taxifolin is isotope (for example, 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, Compounds labeled with 18 F, 35 S, etc.) are also included.
- the optically active form of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention can be produced by chemical synthesis by a method known per se, or by extraction and/or purification from the wood of Dahlia larch or Siberian larch. Can be done. Specifically, by using an optically active synthetic intermediate, or by preparing the racemic form of the final product using a conventional method (for example, J. Jacques et al., "Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolution, John Wiley And Sons, Inc.") An optically active substance can be obtained by optical resolution according to the method (see et al.). Furthermore, (+)-taxifolin is commercially available, and it is also possible to use the commercially available product as it is.
- Taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention may be a crystal, and whether the crystal form is a single crystal form or a mixture of crystal forms is included in taxifolin or a salt thereof.
- the crystal can be produced by crystallization using a crystallization method known per se.
- Taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present invention may also include solvates thereof. These solvates are those in which a solvent molecule is coordinated with taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and hydrates are also included. Examples include hydrates, ethanolates, dimethyl sulfoxides, and the like of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- inhibiting CD36 means that the activity of CD36 is eliminated or attenuated, for example, inhibiting the gene expression or function of CD36 based on the conditions of Test Example 1 or 2 described below. It means to do. Eliminating or attenuating the activity of CD36 is preferably carried out in human clinical indications.
- Inhibiting CD36 preferably means “inhibiting human CD36.”
- CD36 inhibitor means a substance that inhibits CD36 gene expression.
- the “CD36 inhibitor” is preferably a "human CD36 inhibitor.”
- the term “disease associated with CD36 activation” refers to a disease in which the pathological condition and/or symptoms worsen due to enhanced expression of the CD36 gene.
- diseases associated with CD36 activation include malignant tumors such as NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, glioma, and chronic myeloid leukemia; NASH, hepatitis C, heart disease, stroke, age-related cardiomyopathy, kidney disease, diabetes, insulin resistance, arteriosclerotic disease, abnormal lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Alzheimer's disease, thrombin These include dependent hypercoagulopathy, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, epilepsy, Kawasaki disease, and mycobacterial infection.
- the "disease associated with CD36 activation” is preferably NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma.
- prevention includes suppressing the onset of symptoms.
- treatment includes improvement of symptoms, prevention of aggravation, maintenance of remission, prevention of relapse, secondary prevention, and prevention of recurrence.
- prevention or therapeutic agent includes pharmaceuticals for prevention and/or treatment, or food compositions for prevention and/or improvement.
- the term "pharmaceutically effective amount” refers to taxifolin or its pharmaceutical dosage administered orally or parenterally (topically, rectally, intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, nasally, etc.) to a subject. means an acceptable salt dosage.
- subject refers to a subject to whom a drug or food containing an effective amount of an active ingredient necessary for preventing and/or treating (or ameliorating) a disease or disease condition is administered or fed. means.
- the "subject” includes mammals such as humans, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, and monkeys, preferably humans.
- taxifolin can inhibit CD36 at low concentrations. Therefore, taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a drug containing it as an active ingredient may It can be suitably used as a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with activation of NASH, particularly NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma.
- the medicament of the present invention may be either a medicament consisting only of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the medicament or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered to a subject in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
- methods for administering the medicament or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include oral administration, intravenous administration, intraperitoneal administration, transdermal administration, intramuscular administration, intranasal administration, mucosal administration, etc., and oral administration is preferable. It is.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, for example, excipients (for example, starch, corn starch, lactose, sugar, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, etc.), binders (for example, starch, gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, (crystalline cellulose, etc.), lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, etc.), disintegrants (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose, talc, etc.), solvents (e.g., water for injection, physiological saline, Ringer's solution, alcohol) , propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, etc.), solubilizing agents (e.g., polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, trehalose, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanol) amines, sodium carbon
- stearyltriethanolamine sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionic acid, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, monostearin
- Surfactants such as acid glycerin; coating base materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose; polysorbates, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, etc.), isotonicity agents (e.g., sodium chloride, glycerin, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, glucose, etc.), buffers (e.g., buffers such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, citrate, etc.), thickeners ( For example, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, sodium chondroitin sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, etc.), preservatives (for example, para
- Food colors such as Food Blue No. 1 and No. 2
- Food colors such as Food Blue No. 1 and No. 2
- water-insoluble lake dyes e.g., aluminum salt of the water-soluble food tar color
- natural dyes e.g., ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, red iron
- sweeteners examples include sodium saccharin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, aspartame, stevia, etc.
- other components for example, larch cambium/xylem extract, etc.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the above-mentioned components and then converting the mixture into tablets, pills, capsules (including hard capsules, soft capsules, and microcapsules), powders, granules, fine powders, etc., by a method known per se. It can be made into preparations such as granules, troches, liquids (including syrups, emulsions, and suspensions), nasal drops, and injections.
- the above-mentioned coating base material may be used for purposes such as masking taste, improving photostability, improving appearance, or providing enteric properties using methods known per se. It may be coated with.
- the content of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the pharmaceutical of the present invention is not particularly limited, and varies depending on the form of the preparation, but it is 1% by weight or more and 100% by weight based on the entire preparation. It is as follows.
- the lower limit is preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 100% by weight or less, more preferably 95% by weight or less.
- the dosage (i.e., pharmaceutically effective amount) of taxifolin or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is not particularly limited and varies depending on the subject, disease, symptoms, dosage form, administration route, etc.
- the amount per kg of body weight per day is 0.001 mg/kg/day or more and 200 mg/kg/day or less when converted to the active ingredient taxifolin.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.01 mg/kg/day or more, more preferably 0.1 mg/kg/day or more, still more preferably 0.2 mg/kg/day or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 50 mg/kg/day or less, more preferably 10 mg/kg/day or less.
- the frequency of administration of taxifolin or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is not particularly limited, and may be administered, for example, three times a day, twice a day, once a day, every other day, every two days, or every three days. But that's fine. Furthermore, administration can be done before meals, after meals, or between meals.
- the period of administration of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is not particularly limited.
- Taxifolin or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be used in combination with other therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, surgery (e.g., surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, hepatic artery embolization, etc.), radiotherapy (e.g., It can be used in combination with radiation therapy, etc.).
- therapies e.g., chemotherapy, surgery (e.g., surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, hepatic artery embolization, etc.), radiotherapy (e.g., It can be used in combination with radiation therapy, etc.).
- chemotherapy e.g., chemotherapy, surgery (e.g., surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, hepatic artery embolization, etc.), radiotherapy (e.g., It can be used in combination with radiation therapy, etc.).
- radiotherapy e.g., It can be used in combination with radiation therapy, etc.
- combination with chemotherapy is particularly preferred. Specific aspects of combination with chemotherapy are shown below.
- Taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used in combination with other drugs (concomitant drugs) as long as the drug's efficacy is not impaired.
- the timing of administration is not limited, and these may be administered to the subject at the same time or at different times. It can also be administered as a single formulation containing a combination of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a concomitant drug.
- the dosage of the concomitant drug can be appropriately selected based on the clinically used dosage. Further, the blending ratio of taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the concomitant drug can be appropriately selected depending on the subject of administration, route of administration, target disease, symptoms, type of concomitant drug, and the like.
- Concomitant drugs when taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used for the prevention and/or treatment of NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma include, for example, molecular target drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, Examples include liver protection drugs.
- EGFR inhibitors such as afatinib, ertotinib, gefitinib, cetuximab, and panitumbab
- ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib
- EGFR/HER2 inhibitors such as lapatinib
- HER2 inhibitors such as bevacizumab, axitinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, regorafenib, lenvatinib, ramucirumab
- mTOR inhibitors such as eperolimus, temsirolimus
- BCR-ABL inhibitors such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib
- Membrane differentiation antigen targeting drugs such as ibritumovab tiuxetan, ofatumumab, rit
- immune checkpoint inhibitors include anti-PD-1 antibodies such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab; anti-CTLA-4 antibodies such as ipilibumab; anti-PD-L1 antibodies such as avelumab, atezolizumab, and durpalumab.
- chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents such as busulfan, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, melphalan, nimustine hydrochloride, procarbazine hydrochloride, ranimustine, temozolomide, thiotepa; fluorouracil, mercaptopurine hydrate; , cladripine, carmofur, cytarabine oxphosphate hydrate, cytarabine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, fludarabine phosphate, gemcitabine hydrochloride, hydroxycarbamide, methotrexate, neolarabine, pemetrexed sodium hydrate, pentostatin, tegafur, tegafur/uracil combination vinca alkaloids such as vinblastine hydrochloride, vincristine hydrochloride, vindesine hydrochloride, vinorelbine tartrate; taxa
- Tumor antibiotics such as etoposide, irinotecan hydrochloride hydrate, topotecan hydrochloride, sobuzoxan; platinum preparations such as carboplatin, cisplatin, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin; anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole, tamoxifen citrate , toremifene citrate, fadrozole hydrochloride hydrate, estramustine sodium phosphate, flutamide, goserelin acetate, leuprorelin acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, mepithiostane, and other hormonal preparations; anti-malignant tumors such as picibanil Streptococcal preparations; acegratone, arsenic trioxide, Kawaratake polysaccharide preparation powder, L-asparaginase, lentinan, levofolinate, mitotan
- liver protective drugs include ursodeoxycholic acid, glycyrrhizin preparations, Shosaikoto, taurine, strong neominophagen C, glutathione, diisopropylamine dichloroacetate, and the like.
- the CD36 inhibitor of the present invention is accompanied by a statement stating that it can or should be used for treatment and/or prophylaxis. It may be provided in the form of a kit (such as an administration, treatment and/or prevention kit), a package (such as a package), and a drug set (and/or container), including the following.
- kits, packages and drug sets may include one or more containers filled with a CD36 inhibitor and/or other drugs or drugs (or ingredients). Examples of such kits, packages and drug sets include commercial kits, commercial packages and commercial drug sets suitably directed to the treatment and/or prevention of the target disease.
- kits, packages, and drug sets may include any precautionary statements or package inserts in the form prescribed by government agencies that regulate the manufacture, use, or sale of pharmaceutical or biological products that are not suitable for human use. Includes a precautionary statement or package insert indicating the agency's approval for the manufacture, use, or sale of the product for administration to the government.
- the above kits, packages and drug sets include packaged products and may also include structures configured for appropriate administration steps, treatment of the target disease and/or It may also include structures configured to achieve more preferable medical treatment and/or prevention, including prevention.
- the food composition of the present invention may consist of only taxifolin or its salt, or may be a mixture of taxifolin or its salt and food additives.
- the food composition of the present invention may be one that contains taxifolin or a salt thereof and can be orally ingested by a subject, and there are no particular limitations on the type, shape, etc. of the food composition.
- taxifolin exhibits an excellent CD36 inhibitory effect on subjects suffering from NASH. and/or can be used for improvement purposes.
- Examples of the food composition of the present invention include confectionery such as troches, drops, candies, ramune, gummies, and chewing gum; Western confectionery such as cookies, crackers, biscuits, potato chips, bread, cakes, chocolates, donuts, puddings, and jelly. ; Japanese sweets such as rice crackers, yokan, daifuku, ohagi, manju, and castella; Frozen desserts such as ice cream, popsicles, sherbet, and gelato; Bread such as white bread, French bread, and croissants; Udon, soba, Chinese noodles, kishimen, etc.
- confectionery such as troches, drops, candies, ramune, gummies, and chewing gum
- Western confectionery such as cookies, crackers, biscuits, potato chips, bread, cakes, chocolates, donuts, puddings, and jelly.
- Japanese sweets such as rice crackers, yokan, daifuku, ohagi, manju, and castella
- Noodles Fish paste products such as kamaboko, chikuwa, and fish sausage; Livestock products such as ham, sausage, hamburger steak, and corned beef; Salt, pepper, miso, soy sauce, sauce, dressing, mayonnaise, ketchup, and sweeteners (e.g., sugar, honey) Seasonings such as powdered candy, starch syrup, jam, marmalade, etc.), spices (e.g.
- Beverages include foods and drinks such as soup and miso soup; powdered foods and drinks such as instant coffee, instant tea, instant milk, instant soup, and instant miso soup; whisky, bourbon, spirits, liqueurs, wine, fruit liquor, Japanese sake, Chinese liquor, Alcoholic beverages such as shochu, beer, non-alcoholic beer with an alcohol content of 1% or less, low-malt beer, and chuhai; beverages containing fruit juice (e.g. apple, tangerine, grape, banana, pear, plum juice, etc.), vegetable juice (e.g.
- fruit juice e.g. apple, tangerine, grape, banana, pear, plum juice, etc.
- vegetable juice e.g.
- fruit and vegetable juice beverages soft drinks, milk, soy milk, milk drinks, drink-type yogurt, coffee, cocoa, tea drinks (black tea, green tea, barley tea, genmaicha, sencha, gyokuro tea, hojicha, oolong tea, turmeric tea, puerh tea, rooibos tea, rose tea, chrysanthemum tea, herbal tea (e.g. mint tea, jasmine tea, etc.), nutritional drinks, sports drinks , non-alcoholic drinks such as mineral water, etc.
- tea drinks black tea, green tea, barley tea, genmaicha, sencha, gyokuro tea, hojicha, oolong tea, turmeric tea, puerh tea, rooibos tea, rose tea, chrysanthemum tea, herbal tea (e.g. mint tea, jasmine tea, etc.), nutritional drinks, sports drinks , non-alcoholic drinks such as mineral water, etc.
- Suitable examples of such food compositions include jelly, tea drinks, alcoholic beverages, drops, candy, ramune, cookies, crackers, biscuits, chocolate, cheese, butter, margarine, chewing gum, and the like.
- the food composition of the present invention can be prepared as a food with functional claims, a health food, a food for specified health uses, a food for special purposes (for example, a food for patients such as a hospital food, a patient's food, a nursing care food, etc.), a supplement, etc. It is preferable to prepare it as a food for specified health uses, a food for special uses, or a supplement.
- Examples of the shape of the food composition of the present invention include tablets, pills, capsules (including hard capsules, soft capsules, and microcapsules), powders, granules, fine granules, troches, and liquids (syrups, emulsions, and suspensions). (containing a clouding agent), nasal tube nutrition, enteral nutrition, etc. Tablets or capsules are preferred.
- the food composition of the present invention is preferably a food for specified health uses, a food for special uses, or a supplement, particularly in the form of a tablet or capsule.
- supply refers not only to nutritional supplements, nutritionally functional foods, etc. for supplementing nutrients, etc., but also to functions useful for maintenance, recovery, and promotion of health (particularly for hepatocellular carcinoma). It also means health supplements, health functional foods, etc. that have preventive functions.
- the food composition of the present invention can be produced, for example, by adding taxifolin or a salt thereof to a food by a known method.
- a tablet food composition may contain materials such as taxifolin or a salt thereof, excipients (such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol, corn starch, etc.), sweeteners, and flavoring agents. It can be manufactured by adding, mixing, and forming into a tablet shape by applying pressure with a tablet machine or the like. If necessary, other ingredients (e.g.
- the food composition in capsule form can be prepared by, for example, filling a capsule with a liquid, suspension, paste, powder, or granular food composition containing taxifolin or its salt, or encapsulating it with a capsule base. It can be manufactured by molding.
- the food composition of the present invention may contain, in addition to commonly used food materials, food additives, various nutrients, vitamins, flavor substances (e.g. cheese, chocolate, etc.), as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- a commercially acceptable carrier and the like can be blended.
- Various conventional organic or inorganic carrier substances are used as physiologically acceptable carriers, such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, colorants, sweeteners, preservatives, antioxidants, Examples include thickeners, emulsifiers, and the like.
- Food additives include coloring agents, sweeteners, preservatives, antioxidants, flavoring agents, and the like.
- it may contain other materials, such as minerals such as iron and calcium, dietary fibers such as pectin, carrageenan, and mannan.
- Excipients include those listed above. Examples include those similar to those used in the medicament of the present invention.
- the vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble, such as retinol palmitate, tocopherol (vitamin E), bisbenziamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, cyanocobalamin, sodium ascorbate (vitamin C), Examples include cholecalciferol, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, choline bitartrate, niacin, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and the like.
- coating materials can be used for purposes such as masking taste, improving photostability, improving appearance, or making them enteric-coated by methods known per se. May be coated.
- the coating substrate include those similar to those used for the pharmaceutical of the present invention described above, and the coating can be carried out in the same manner.
- the content of taxifolin or its salt in the food composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less based on the entire food composition.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, more preferably 1.0% by weight or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less.
- the food composition thus obtained is safe and can be continuously given to subjects, particularly preferably humans.
- the intake amount of the food composition of the present invention is within the range of an effective amount of taxifolin or its salt to inhibit CD36, or an effective amount to prevent and/or ameliorate NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma. , but is not particularly limited.
- the intake amount of taxifolin or its salt includes the subject to be ingested, the form of intake, the amount of intake, etc. Although it varies depending on the body weight, it is 0.001 mg/kg/day or more and 200 mg/kg/day or less when converted to taxifolin, which is an active ingredient, per 1 kg of body weight per day.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.01 mg/kg/day or more, more preferably 0.1 mg/kg/day or more, still more preferably 0.2 mg/kg/day or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 50 mg/kg/day or less, more preferably 10 mg/kg/day or less.
- the above-mentioned intake amount is preferable also from the viewpoint that the effect is expressed without affecting palatability or intake amount. Similar amounts can be ingested when the subject is another mammal.
- the frequency of ingestion of Taxifolin or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is not particularly limited, and for example, 3 times a day, twice a day, once a day, every other day, every 2 days, every 3 days. But that's fine. Also, it can be taken before meals, after meals, or between meals.
- the food composition of the present invention may be used alone, or may be used in combination with other therapies (ie, the aforementioned chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy). Specifically, for example, it can be used in combination with other pharmaceutical compositions, food compositions, or feeds that have liver function improving effects. By combining with other therapies, the prevention and/or improvement effect of hepatocellular carcinoma can be further enhanced.
- the food composition of the present invention includes health foods, foods with functional claims, foods for specified health uses, foods with health claims, foods with disease risk reduction claims, or foods for special purposes (e.g., hospital food, patient food, etc.). Foods for sick people such as nursing care foods) are also included.
- diseases risk reduction claims include claims such as "For reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma" and "Creating a body that is less likely to develop hepatocellular carcinoma.” Therefore, the food composition of the present invention is, for example, a food or drink containing taxifolin or a salt thereof and labeled as being for reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
- the functional labeling attached to these food compositions can be made on the main body of the product, the container, the packaging, the instructions, the package inserts, or the advertising materials.
- Taxifolin used in the following test examples was purchased from Ametis JSC ( Russia) and used as is.
- Test Example 1 Suppressive effect of taxifolin on CD36 gene expression
- Test Example 1 the effect of taxifolin on the expression of the CD36 gene in liver tissue was investigated using a high-fat diet-induced obesity model mouse.
- the 8-week-old mice that were acclimatized were fed normal chow for 12 weeks up to 20 weeks of age (hereinafter referred to as the "ND group"), high-fat diet (HFD-60 (506 kcal/100 g, fat ), Oriental Yeast Kogyo Co., Ltd.) (hereinafter referred to as the ⁇ HFD group''), and a group fed a high-fat diet containing 1% by weight of taxifolin (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ HFD+1'').
- %TX administration group and a high-fat diet containing 3% by weight taxifolin group (hereinafter referred to as the ⁇ HFD + 3% TX administration group''), with 5 animals in each group. did.
- RNA extraction kit RNeasy Mini kit, Qiagen Co., Ltd.
- the extracted total RNA was synthesized into cDNA using reverse transcription reaction and used as a measurement sample.
- the measurement sample was subjected to real-time PCR using a real-time PCR device (SYBR Green Realtime PCR Master Mix, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- the expression level of CD36 mRNA was corrected by the expression level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and comparative quantification was performed using the ⁇ Ct method.
- Primers used in PCR are shown in Table 1 below.
- FIG. 1 shows the amount of CD36 mRNA in the liver tissue of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- the expression level of CD36 mRNA in the liver tissue was significantly increased compared to the ND group that ingested a normal solid feed. Furthermore, the CD36 mRNA expression level, which increased due to high-fat diet loading, significantly decreased in the HFD + 1% TX administration group and the HFD + 3% TX administration group in a manner dependent on the dose of taxifolin. In particular, in the HFD + 3% TX administration group, the CD36 mRNA expression level was suppressed to the same level as the ND group that ingested normal solid feed, and maintained a normal value.
- taxifolin significantly suppresses CD36 gene expression, which is enhanced by obesity.
- Test Example 2 Inhibitory effect of taxifolin on fatty acid uptake
- Test Example 2 the effect of taxifolin on fatty acid uptake was investigated using HepG2 cells, a cell line derived from human liver cancer.
- HepG2 cells are seeded in a 24-well plate at a density of 0.2 x 10 cells/well, and 10% FBS is added until HepG2 cells cover 70-80% of the surface area in the culture vessel.
- Culture was performed using DMEM culture medium.
- HepG2 cells cultured in culture medium were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then cultured for 24 hours in a serum-free medium containing 400 ⁇ M palmitic acid, various concentrations of taxifolin, and 1% BSA as shown in Table 2.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- serum-free medium containing 400 ⁇ M palmitic acid, various concentrations of taxifolin, and 1% BSA as shown in Table 2.
- the glucose concentration contained in the culture medium and serum-free medium was 0%, 0.1% (low glucose), or 0.45% (high glucose).
- HepG2 cells cultured in serum-free medium for 24 hours were washed with PBS and then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde.
- Fixed HepG2 cells were treated with 60% isopropanol, and intracellular lipid droplets were stained using Oil Red O (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Thereafter, it was washed with 60% isopropanol and PBS.
- the washed HepG2 cells were treated with 100% isopropanol to elute Oil Red O.
- the eluted Oil Red O was collected in a 96-well plate, and the absorbance (550 nm) was measured using a microplate reader (Multiskan SkyHigh, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- FIG. 2 shows the amount of fatty acid uptake in HepG2 cells of each group.
- the amount of fatty acid uptake in HepG2 cells of each group A to E was expressed as a percentage of that of group A.
- taxifolin suppresses fatty acid uptake in liver cells at a concentration as low as 0.1 nM.
- CD36 a typical fatty acid uptake molecule, is mobilized to the cell surface when the extracellular fatty acid concentration increases and activates the intracellular uptake of fatty acids.
- the translocation of CD36 to the cell membrane is complemented by an ATPase with an ATP pocket.
- the CD36 inhibitor of the present invention is an excellent inhibitor of CD36 activity. method can be provided.
- Test Example 3 Preventive effect of taxifolin against hepatocellular carcinoma in MC4R-deficient mice
- M4R-deficient mice melanocortin type 4 receptor-deficient mice
- MC4R-deficient mice were produced by Joel K., University of Texas Medical Center, based on the description in JP-A-2020-065454 and JP-A-2017-006022. We used the one provided by Elmquist (Cell, 2005; 123(3): 493-505.). The genetic background of the MC4R-deficient mouse is C57BL/6J mouse.
- mice were maintained in an environment with controlled temperature, humidity, and light duration (12-hour light/dark cycle) unless otherwise specified. After weaning (4 weeks after birth), the mice were raised in an environment where they could freely access high-fat feed (D12492 (524 kcal/100 g, containing 60% fat in terms of energy ratio), Research Diets, Inc.) and water.
- high-fat feed D12492 (524 kcal/100 g, containing 60% fat in terms of energy ratio
- Research Diets, Inc. Research Diets, Inc.
- FIG. 3 shows the number of precancerous lesions, the number of tumors in which precancerous lesions were clustered, and the size of the tumors in the control group and the taxifolin-administered group.
- the number of precancerous lesions was significantly reduced in the taxifolin-treated group compared to the control group.
- the number of tumors in which precancerous lesions were clustered was significantly reduced in the taxifolin-administered group compared to the control group.
- the number of tumors with a size of 1 to 5 mm was significantly reduced in the taxifolin administration group compared to the control group.
- taxifolin suppresses the onset of NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
- the CD36 inhibitor of the present invention can prevent and treat NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
- a pharmaceutical or food composition for improving the condition can be provided.
- formulations of the present invention include the following formulations. However, the present invention is not limited to these formulation examples.
- Formulation example 1 (manufacture of tablets) 1) Taxifolin 50g 2) Corn starch 50g 3) Crystalline cellulose 40g 4) Hydroxypropylcellulose 17g 5) Magnesium stearate 3g 1000 tablets total 160g The total amount of 1), 2), and 3) and 12 g of 4) are kneaded with water, vacuum dried, and then sized. 5 g of 4) and 3 g of 5) are mixed with this sized powder and compressed into tablets using a tablet machine. In this way, 1000 tablets containing 50 mg of taxifolin per tablet are obtained.
- Formulation example 2 (manufacture of tablets) 1) Taxifolin 18g 2) Starch 100g 3) Crystalline cellulose 62g 4) Mannitol 15g 5) Vitamin C 50g 6) Magnesium stearate 5g 1000 tablets total 250g The total amount of 1) and 2) and 40 g of 3) are kneaded with water, vacuum dried, and then sized. The total amount of 4), 5), and 6) (22 g of 3) is mixed with this sized powder, and the mixture is compressed into tablets using a tablet machine. In this way, 1000 tablets containing 18 mg of taxifolin per tablet are obtained.
- Formulation example 3 (manufacture of tablets) 1) Taxifolin 18g 2) Starch 100g 3) Crystalline cellulose 62g 4) Hydrogenated rapeseed oil 15g 5) Vitamin C 50g 6) Magnesium stearate 5g 1000 tablets total 250g The total amount of 1) and 2) and 40 g of 3) are kneaded with water, and after vacuum drying, granulation is performed. The total amount of 4), 5), and 6) (22 g of 3) is mixed with this sized powder, and the mixture is compressed into tablets using a tablet machine. In this way, 1000 tablets containing 18 mg of taxifolin per tablet are obtained.
- Formulation example 4 (manufacture of capsules) 1) Taxifolin 50mg 2) Crystalline cellulose 10mg 3) Lactose 20mg Total 80mg 1), 2) and 3) are mixed and filled into gelatin capsules.
- Formulation example 5 (manufacture of capsules) 1) Taxifolin 50mg 2) Corn starch 20mg 3) Lactose 30mg Total 100mg 1), 2) and 3) are mixed and filled into gelatin capsules.
- an excellent CD36 inhibitor consisting of taxifolin, which is a safe plant-derived ingredient, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the CD36 inhibitor of the present invention can suppress CD36 expression at low concentrations, and can also be used in subjects (e.g., mammals) suffering from NASH who are at risk of progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma. Since it is effective, the onset and progression of NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma can be effectively suppressed. That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical or food composition for preventing, treating, and/or improving NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma, which contains taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. can do.
- diseases associated with CD36 activation other than NASH-derived hepatocellular carcinoma can be prevented, treated, and/or improved by containing taxifolin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- Pharmaceutical or food compositions can also be provided.
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Abstract
Description
[2]薬学上有効量の上記[1]に記載の剤を含有し、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎に罹患した哺乳動物に投与することにより、CD36の活性化に関連する疾患を予防又は治療するための医薬(以下、「本発明の医薬」と称することもある。)。
[3]CD36の活性化に関連する疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんである、上記[2]に記載の医薬。
[4]錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、散剤、顆粒剤、細粒剤、トローチ、液剤、点鼻剤、又は注射剤の形態で調製されていることを特徴とする、上記[2]又は[3]に記載の医薬。
[5]薬学上有効量が、1日当たり、哺乳動物の体重1kg当たり、タキシフォリンとして、0.2~200mgの範囲である、上記[2]~[4]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[6]有効量の上記[1]に記載の剤を含有し、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎に罹患した哺乳動物に摂取させることにより、CD36の活性化に関連する疾患を予防又は改善するための食品組成物(以下、「本発明の食品組成物」と称することもある。)。
[7]CD36の活性化に関連する疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんである、上記[6]に記載の食品組成物。
[8]薬学上有効量の上記[1]に記載の剤を哺乳動物に投与することを含む、当該哺乳動物におけるCD36を阻害する方法。
[9]薬学上有効量の上記[1]に記載の剤を哺乳動物に投与することを含む、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんを治療又は予防する方法。
[10]薬学上有効量が、1日当たり、哺乳動物の体重1kg当たり、タキシフォリンとして、0.2~200mgの範囲である、上記[8]又は[9]に記載の方法。
[11]有効量のタキシフォリン又はその塩を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんの予防又は改善用食品組成物。
[12]「肝細胞がんのリスク低減用」及び/又は「肝細胞がんになりにくい体をつくる」旨の表示が付された、上記[11]に記載の食品組成物。
[13]サプリメント、機能性表示食品、健康食品、特別用途食品、保険機能食品、特定保健用食品、又は栄養機能食品として調製されていることを特徴とする、上記[11]又は[12]に記載の食品組成物。
[14]錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、散剤、顆粒剤、細粒剤、トローチ、液剤、経鼻経管栄養剤、又は経腸栄養剤の形態で調製されていることを特徴とする、上記[11]~[13]のいずれかに記載の食品組成物。
[15]非アルコール性脂肪肝炎に罹患した対象のための非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんの予防及び/又は治療に使用するためのタキシフォリン又はその薬学上許容される塩。
[16]非アルコール性脂肪肝炎に罹患した対象のための非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんの予防及び/又は治療剤を製造するためのタキシフォリン又はその薬学上許容される塩の使用。
後述する試験例に示されるように、タキシフォリンは、低濃度でCD36を阻害することが可能であることから、タキシフォリン又はその薬学上許容される塩、或いはそれを有効成分として含有する医薬は、CD36の活性化に関連する疾患、とりわけ、NASH由来の肝細胞がんの予防及び/又は治療用の医薬として好適に使用することができる。
タキシフォリン又はその薬学上許容される塩の投与期間は、特に制限されるものではない。
本発明の食品組成物は、タキシフォリン又はその塩のみからなるもの、或いはタキシフォリン又はその塩と食品添加物等を配合したもののいずれでもよい。本発明の食品組成物としては、タキシフォリン又はその塩を含有し、かつ、対象が経口的に摂取し得るものであればよく、食品組成物の種類、形状等に特に制限はない。また、後述する試験例に示されるように、タキシフォリンは、NASHに罹患した対象に対して優れたCD36阻害作用を示すことから、本発明の食品組成物は、NASH由来の肝細胞がんの予防及び/又は改善用途等に使用することができる。
試験例1では、高脂肪食誘導性肥満モデルマウスを用いて、肝臓組織におけるCD36遺伝子の発現に対するタキシフォリンの作用を調べた。
成体(7週齢)のC57BL/6J雄性マウス(日本クレア株式会社)は、普通固形飼料(MF、オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社)及び水を自由摂取できる環境で1週間馴化飼育した。
馴化飼育した8週齢マウスは、20週齢までの12週間の飼料を普通固形飼料とした群(以下、「ND群」とする。)、高脂肪飼料(HFD-60(506kcal/100g、脂肪をエネルギー比率で60%含む。)、オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社)とした群(以下、「HFD群」とする。)、1重量%のタキシフォリンを含有する高脂肪飼料とした群(以下、「HFD+1%TX投与群」とする。)、及び3重量%のタキシフォリンを含有する高脂肪飼料とした群(以下、「HFD+3%TX投与群」とする。)の4群に各群5匹ずつ群分けした。
20週齢まで飼育したマウスをエーテル麻酔処理し、頚椎脱臼により安楽死させた後に各個体の肝臓を摘出した。
摘出した肝臓は、一辺が2~3mm程度の直方体に裁断してRNA抽出キット(RNeasy Mini kit、株式会社キアゲン)を用いてトータルRNAを抽出した。抽出したトータルRNAは逆転写反応を用いてcDNA合成し、測定試料とした。
測定試料は、リアルタイムPCR装置(SYBR Green Realtime PCR Master Mix、Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC社)を用いて、リアルタイムPCRを行った。
なお、CD36のmRNA発現量は、グリセルアルデヒド3-リン酸脱水素酵素(GAPDH)の発現量で補正し、ΔΔCt法で比較定量化した。PCRで用いたプライマーは以下の表1のとおりである。
統計解析は、Student t-testにより行った。
図1におけるCD36のmRNA発現量の値は、各群の平均±標準誤差で表し、P値が、0.05未満である場合は、統計的有意差があると判定して「*」を付した。また、P値が、0.001未満である場合は、「**」を付した。
図1は、摂食実験開始12週経過後の各群のマウスの肝臓組織におけるCD36のmRNA量を示す。
試験例2では、ヒト肝がん由来細胞株であるHepG2細胞を用いて、脂肪酸取り込みに対するタキシフォリンの作用を調べた。
HepG2細胞は、24ウェルプレートに0.2×106個/wellの密度で播種し、HepG2細胞が培養容器における表面積の70~80%が覆われている状態になるまで10%FBSを含有するDMEM培養培地を用いて培養した。培養培地で培養したHepG2細胞はリン酸緩衝液(PBS)で洗浄後、表2に示す400μMパルミチン酸、種々の濃度のタキシフォリン、1%BSAを含有する無血清培地で24時間培養した。A~Eの各群はn=6である。
また、培養培地、無血清培地に含有するグルコース濃度は、0%、0.1%(低グルコース)又は0.45%(高グルコース)とした。
無血清培地で24時間培養したHepG2細胞は、PBSで洗浄後、4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定した。固定したHepG2細胞は、60%イソプロパノールで処理し、オイルレッドO(和光純薬工業株式会社)を用いて細胞内の脂肪滴を染色した。その後、60%イソプロパノール、PBSで洗浄した。洗浄したHepG2細胞は、100%イソプロパノールで処理してオイルレッドOを溶出させた。溶出したオイルレッドOは、96ウェルプレートに回収し、マイクロプレートリーダー(Multiskan SkyHigh、Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC社)を用いて吸光度(550nm)を測定した。
統計解析は、Student t-testにより行った。
図2における脂肪酸取り込み量の値は、各群の平均±標準誤差で表し、P値が0.01未満である場合は、統計的有意差があると判定して「**」を付した。
図2は、各群のHepG2細胞における脂肪酸取り込み量を示す。なお、各A~E群のHepG2細胞における脂肪酸取り込み量は、A群に対する百分率で表した。
HepG2細胞の脂肪酸取り込み能は、細胞外のグルコースに依存することからATPが関与していると示唆される。
試験例3では、高脂肪食負荷を与えたメラノコルチン4型受容体欠損マウス(以下、「MC4R欠損マウス」と称する。)を用いて、肝細胞がんに対するタキシフォリンの作用を調べた。
MC4R欠損マウスは、特開2020-065454号公報及び特開2017-006022号公報の記載に基づいて、テキサス大学メディカルセンター Joel K.Elmquistより提供されたものを使用した(Cell, 2005; 123(3): 493-505.)。なお、MC4R欠損マウスの遺伝的バックグランドは、C57BL/6Jマウスである。
高脂肪食負荷を与えたMC4R欠損マウスは、20週齢までに全ての個体でNASH様肝病変を有し、その後肝細胞がんを発症することが知られている(Am. J. Pathol., 2011; 179(5): 2454-2463.)。
高脂肪食負荷を与えた20週齢のMC4R欠損マウスは、同様の飼育環境下で50週齢までの飼料を引き続き高脂肪飼料とした対照群(n=13)、3%のタキシフォリンを含有する高脂肪飼料としたタキシフォリン投与群(n=12)の2群に分けた。
50週齢まで飼育したマウスは三種混合麻酔薬を用いた深部麻酔により安楽死させた後に肝臓を摘出した。
摘出した肝臓における前がん病変(Foci)の数、前がん病変がクラスター化した腫瘍の数、及び腫瘍の大きさを測定した。
統計解析は、Student t-testにより行った。
図3における前がん病変の数、前がん病変がクラスター化した腫瘍の数、及び腫瘍の大きさの値は、各群の平均±標準誤差で表し、P値が、0.05未満である場合は、統計的有意差があると判定して「*」を付した。また、P値が、0.01未満である場合は「**」を付した。
図3は、対照群及びタキシフォリン投与群の前がん病変の数、前がん病変がクラスター化した腫瘍の数、及び腫瘍の大きさを示す。
1)タキシフォリン 50g
2)トウモロコシデンプン 50g
3)結晶セルロース 40g
4)ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース 17g
5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 3g
1000錠 計 160g
1)、2)、3)の全量及び12gの4)を水で練合し、真空乾燥後、整粒を行う。この整粒末に5gの4)及び3gの5)を混合し、打錠機により打錠する。このようにして、1錠あたりタキシフォリン50mgを含有する錠剤1000錠を得る。
1)タキシフォリン 18g
2)デンプン 100g
3)結晶セルロース 62g
4)マンニトール 15g
5)ビタミンC 50g
6)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 5g
1000錠 計 250g
1)、2)の全量及び40gの3)を水で練合し、真空乾燥後、整粒を行う。この整粒末に4)、5)及び6)の全量、22gの3)を混合し、打錠機により打錠する。このようにして、1錠あたりタキシフォリン18mgを含有する錠剤1000錠を得る。
1)タキシフォリン 18g
2)デンプン 100g
3)結晶セルロース 62g
4)硬化ナタネ油 15g
5)ビタミンC 50g
6)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 5g
1000錠 計 250g
1)、2)の全量及び40gの3)を水で練合し、真空乾燥後、整粒を行う。この整粒末に4)、5)及び6)の全量、22gの3)を混合し、打錠機により打錠する。このようにして、1錠あたりタキシフォリン18mgを含有する錠剤1000錠を得る。
1)タキシフォリン 50mg
2)結晶セルロース 10mg
3)乳糖 20mg
計 80mg
1)、2)及び3)を混合して、ゼラチンカプセルに充填する。
1)タキシフォリン 50mg
2)トウモロコシデンプン 20mg
3)乳糖 30mg
計 100mg
1)、2)及び3)を混合して、ゼラチンカプセルに充填する。
Claims (5)
- タキシフォリン又はその薬学上許容される塩からなる、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎に罹患した哺乳動物のためのCD36阻害剤。
- 薬学上有効量の請求項1に記載の剤を含有し、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎に罹患した哺乳動物に投与することにより、CD36の活性化に関連する疾患を予防又は治療するための医薬。
- CD36の活性化に関連する疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんである、請求項2に記載の医薬。
- 有効量の請求項1に記載の剤を含有し、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎に罹患した哺乳動物に摂取させることにより、CD36の活性化に関連する疾患を予防又は改善するための食品組成物。
- CD36の活性化に関連する疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎由来の肝細胞がんである、請求項4に記載の食品組成物。
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| US18/878,543 US20250288554A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2023-06-22 | Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-derived hepatocarcinoma |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020536864A (ja) * | 2017-10-05 | 2020-12-17 | ナショナル ヘルス リサーチ インスティテューツNational Health Research Institutes | 投与方法および組成物 |
| WO2020262703A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-12-30 | 独立行政法人国立病院機構 | タキシフォリンを含有する肝線維化抑制剤及び褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤 |
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- 2023-06-22 US US18/878,543 patent/US20250288554A1/en active Pending
- 2023-06-22 CN CN202380061436.9A patent/CN120435289A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2020536864A (ja) * | 2017-10-05 | 2020-12-17 | ナショナル ヘルス リサーチ インスティテューツNational Health Research Institutes | 投与方法および組成物 |
| WO2020262703A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-12-30 | 独立行政法人国立病院機構 | タキシフォリンを含有する肝線維化抑制剤及び褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| YAMAMOTO TAKASHI, NAIR PADMA, MA SHOU-WU, DAVIS PEG, YAMAMURA HENRY I., VANDERAH TODD W., PORRECA FRANK, LAI JOSEPHINE, HRUBY VICT: "The biological activity and metabolic stability of peptidic bifunctional compounds that are opioid receptor agonists and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists with a cystine moiety", BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 17, no. 20, 1 October 2009 (2009-10-01), AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 7337 - 7343, XP093119318, ISSN: 0968-0896, DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.035 * |
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| US20250288554A1 (en) | 2025-09-18 |
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