WO2023195369A1 - 固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板、固体酸化物形燃料電池用の単セル、固体酸化物形燃料電池スタック及び固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板、固体酸化物形燃料電池用の単セル、固体酸化物形燃料電池スタック及び固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/1253—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/126—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing cerium oxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
- H01M2300/0077—Ion conductive at high temperature based on zirconium oxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell, a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell stack, and a method for manufacturing an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell.
- a solid oxide fuel cell is a device that extracts electrical energy through the reaction of fuel electrode: H 2 + O 2 ⁇ ⁇ H 2 O+2e ⁇ and air electrode: (1/2) O 2 +2e ⁇ ⁇ O 2 ⁇ . It is.
- Solid oxide fuel cells are used in a stacked structure in which multiple single cells for solid oxide fuel cells are stacked on top of each other, each having a fuel electrode and an air electrode on an electrolyte substrate for solid oxide fuel cells. Ru.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in a solid oxide fuel cell equipped with an air electrode provided through a fuel electrode and an electrolyte membrane, there is a structure between the electrolyte membrane made of scandia-stabilized zirconia and the air electrode made of La(Ni)FeO 3 .
- a solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed in which an intermediate layer of Ce(X)O 2 (where X is any one of Sm, Gd, and Y) is provided.
- a fuel electrode is formed on one side of an electrolyte membrane of scandia-stabilized zirconia, and a fuel electrode is formed on the other side with Ce(X)O 2 (where X is one of Sm, Gd, and Y).
- a method for manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell characterized in that an air electrode of La(Ni)FeO 3 is provided; After forming and sintering an electrolyte membrane of scandia-stabilized zirconia, a slurry of Ce(X)O 2 (where X is Sm, Gd, or Y) is applied onto the electrolyte membrane and sintered.
- a method for producing a solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed, which is characterized in that after forming an intermediate layer, an air electrode of La(Ni)FeO 3 is provided.
- Patent Document 1 by forming an intermediate layer such as Ce(Sm)O 2 between an air electrode of La(Ni)FeO 3 and a zirconia-based electrolyte, the air electrode of La( It is said that it is possible to suppress the reaction between Ni)FeO 3 and zirconia in the electrolyte, thereby improving cell performance.
- an intermediate layer such as Ce(Sm)O 2 between an air electrode of La(Ni)FeO 3 and a zirconia-based electrolyte
- a barrier layer As described in Patent Document 1, when co-sintering an electrolyte layer and a barrier layer, or adding a barrier layer to a sintered electrolyte layer, the electrolyte layer and/or the barrier layer may crack due to differential thermal expansion or firing contraction between the materials. When cracks occur, the strength of the electrolyte layer decreases, the long-term reliability (durability) of the cell after electrode formation decreases, and the power generation characteristics decrease due to a decrease in the ability to separate the oxidizing gas and fuel gas. The problem arises.
- the present invention was made in order to solve the above problems, and provides a solid oxide that can reduce the difference in thermal expansion or difference in firing contraction between an electrolyte layer and a barrier layer, and can suppress the occurrence of cracks.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte substrate for a shaped fuel cell.
- the present invention also provides a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell comprising the electrolyte substrate, a solid oxide fuel cell stack in which a plurality of the single cells are stacked, and a method for manufacturing the electrolyte substrate.
- the purpose is to
- the electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell includes an electrolyte layer containing a sintered body of scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia, and is provided on at least one main surface of the electrolyte layer, and comprises Ce( X) a barrier layer containing a sintered body of O 2 (where X is any one of Sm, Gd, and Y), and when looking at a cross section along the thickness direction of the barrier layer, the barrier layer Inside, there are pores with an area ratio of 24% or more and 72% or less.
- a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention includes an air electrode, a fuel electrode, and an electrolyte substrate according to the invention provided between the air electrode and the fuel electrode, A barrier layer of the electrolyte substrate is disposed between the electrolyte layer of the electrolyte substrate and the air electrode.
- a solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the present invention includes a single cell according to the present invention, a first interconnector disposed on the air electrode side of the single cell, and a first interconnector disposed on the fuel electrode side of the single cell.
- a plurality of cells including a second interconnector are stacked.
- the method for producing an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention is directed to at least one main surface of an unsintered electrolyte layer containing scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, or scandia-stabilized zirconia.
- At least one main surface of an electrolyte layer containing a sintered body of zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia contains powder of Ce(X)O 2 (where X is any one of Sm, Gd, and Y) and burnt-out material.
- the method includes the steps of producing an unsintered substrate provided with an unsintered barrier layer, and firing the unsintered substrate at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which the unsintered material is burned out.
- an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell in which the difference in thermal expansion or the difference in firing contraction between an electrolyte layer and a barrier layer is alleviated, and the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed.
- the present invention also provides a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell comprising the electrolyte substrate, a solid oxide fuel cell stack in which a plurality of the single cells are stacked, and a method for manufacturing the electrolyte substrate. can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the process of producing a green sheet for an electrolyte layer.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the process of producing a green sheet for a barrier layer.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the process of producing an unsintered substrate.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the process of producing an unsintered substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the process of firing an unsintered substrate.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the process of firing the unsintered substrate.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing an example of a solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the present invention.
- an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell stack, and an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention will be described. explain. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following configuration, and can be applied with appropriate modifications within the scope of the gist of the present invention. Moreover, the present invention also includes a combination of two or more of the individual desirable configurations of the present invention described below.
- the electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell includes an electrolyte layer containing a sintered body of scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia, and is provided on at least one main surface of the electrolyte layer, and comprises Ce( X) a barrier layer containing a sintered body of O 2 (where X is any one of Sm, Gd, and Y), and when looking at a cross section along the thickness direction of the barrier layer, the barrier layer Inside, there are pores with an area ratio of 24% or more and 72% or less.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- the electrolyte substrate 10 for a solid oxide fuel cell shown in FIG. 1 includes an electrolyte layer 20 and a barrier layer 30 provided on both main surfaces of the electrolyte layer 20.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- An electrolyte substrate 10A for a solid oxide fuel cell shown in FIG. 2 includes an electrolyte layer 20 and a barrier layer 30 provided on one main surface of the electrolyte layer 20.
- the electrolyte layer 20 includes a sintered body of scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia.
- Examples of scandia-stabilized zirconia include Zr(Sc)O 2 or Zr(Sc,M)O 2 (where M is any one of Al 2 O 3 , CeO 2 and Y 2 O 3 ). .
- Examples of yttria-stabilized zirconia include Zr(Y)O 2 and the like.
- the barrier layer 30 includes a sintered body of Ce(X)O 2 (where X is one of Sm, Gd, and Y).
- the barrier layer 30 provided on each main surface of the electrolyte layer 20 may have two or more layers, but is preferably one layer.
- the barrier layer 30, like the intermediate layer described in Patent Document 1, has a function of suppressing the reaction between the electrolyte layer 20 and the air electrode 50 (see FIGS. 9 and 10 described later).
- pores 40 exist inside the barrier layer 30.
- the pores 40 inside the barrier layer 30 By forming the pores 40 inside the barrier layer 30, the difference in thermal expansion or the difference in firing contraction between the electrolyte layer 20 and the barrier layer 30 is alleviated, and the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed.
- the shrinkage of the electrolyte layer 20 is larger than the shrinkage of the barrier layer 30, it is effective to form pores 40 inside the barrier layer 30.
- the barrier layer 30 will easily detach from the electrolyte layer 20. This is considered to be caused by a decrease in the strength of the barrier layer 30 itself in addition to a decrease in the bonding area between the electrolyte layer 20 and the barrier layer 30.
- the pores 40 exist in the barrier layer 30 with an area ratio of 24% or more and 72% or less. In other words, it is desirable that the pore area ratio in the barrier layer 30 is 24% or more and 72% or less.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 30 is not particularly limited, and may be the same as the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20, may be greater than the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20, or may be smaller than the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20, but may be different from the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20.
- the ratio of the thickness of the barrier layer 30 to the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20 increases, the power generation characteristics tend to deteriorate. Therefore, from the viewpoint of ensuring power generation characteristics, the ratio of the thickness of the barrier layer 30 to the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20 is preferably 20% or less.
- the ratio of the thickness of the barrier layer 30 to the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20 is as follows. For example, it may be 1% or more, preferably 5% or more, and more preferably 10% or more.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 30 is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 30 may be 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20 is preferably 80 ⁇ m or more and 120 ⁇ m or less.
- the ratio of the thickness of the barrier layer 30 to the thickness of the electrolyte layer 20 is preferably within the above range.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 30 means the thickness of the barrier layer 30 provided on each main surface of the electrolyte layer 20 (the thickness of one layer).
- the shape, size, etc. of the holes 40 are not particularly limited.
- the shapes of the holes 40 may be the same or different.
- the sizes of the holes 40 may be the same or different.
- the pores 40 may be connected to each other, but when the pores 40 are connected to each other and penetrate the barrier layer 30, the electrolyte layer 20 and the air electrode 50 (see FIGS. 9 and 10 described later) are connected to each other. There is a risk of reaction, and furthermore, when a crack occurs, it becomes difficult to obtain a sufficient effect of stopping the propagation of the crack with the pores 40. Therefore, it is preferable that the pores 40 do not communicate with each other from one main surface facing the barrier layer 30 in the thickness direction to the other main surface.
- the pores 40 are uniformly dispersed inside the barrier layer 30. That is, it is preferable that the pores 40 are not unevenly distributed inside the barrier layer 30.
- barrier layers 30 are provided on both main surfaces of the electrolyte layer 20, it is preferable that the thickness, pore area ratio, etc. of the barrier layers 30 are the same.
- the "same” here does not necessarily have to be exactly the same, but may be within a range of about 3%.
- the shape, size, thickness, etc. of the electrolyte substrates 10 and 10A are not particularly limited.
- the method for producing an electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell is directed to at least one main surface of an unsintered electrolyte layer containing scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, or scandia-stabilized zirconia. At least one main surface of an electrolyte layer containing a sintered body of zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia contains powder of Ce(X)O 2 (where X is any one of Sm, Gd, and Y) and burnt-out material.
- the method includes the steps of producing an unsintered substrate provided with an unsintered barrier layer, and firing the unsintered substrate at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which the unsintered material is burned out.
- An unsintered substrate may be prepared in which an unsintered barrier layer including a powder and a burnt-out material (which is either Y or Y) and an unsintered barrier layer is provided.
- the barrier layer is formed by co-sintering with the electrolyte layer.
- Examples of methods for forming an unsintered electrolyte layer include a method of producing a green sheet for an electrolyte layer, a method of applying an electrolyte layer paste, and the like.
- Examples of methods for forming an unsintered barrier layer include a method of producing a green sheet for a barrier layer, a method of applying a paste for a barrier layer, and the like.
- the step of producing an unsintered substrate includes the step of producing an unsintered green sheet for an electrolyte layer containing scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, and a step of producing an unsintered green sheet for an electrolyte layer containing powder of scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia. , Gd, and Y) and a burnt-out material; a step of laminating the electrolyte layer green sheet and the barrier layer green sheet; Equipped with
- an unsintered substrate in the step of producing an unsintered substrate, Ce(X)O 2 (where X is Sm, Gd
- An unsintered substrate may be prepared in which an unsintered barrier layer including a powder and a burnt-out material (which is either Y or Y) and an unsintered barrier layer is provided.
- a barrier layer is formed on the sintered electrolyte layer by post-baking.
- pores are intentionally formed inside the barrier layer.
- the pores are formed by including a burn-out material (a material that burns out during firing) in the barrier layer green sheet or barrier layer paste in advance.
- burned-out materials examples include resin beads, carbon, binders, and other organic substances.
- the number of burnt materials may be one type or two or more types. Among these, it is preferable that the burned-out material is a resin bead. By using resin beads as the burnout material, the shape of the pores can be easily adjusted.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the process of producing a green sheet for an electrolyte layer.
- an unfired green sheet 2s for an electrolyte layer is produced by molding a ceramic slurry for an electrolyte layer.
- the electrolyte layer green sheet 2s includes scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia powder 5.
- the ceramic slurry for the electrolyte layer can be prepared, for example, by blending scandia-stabilized zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, a binder, a dispersant, an organic solvent, and the like.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the process of producing a green sheet for a barrier layer.
- an unfired green sheet 3s for a barrier layer is produced by molding a ceramic slurry for a barrier layer.
- the barrier layer green sheet 3s includes a powder 6 of Ce(X)O 2 (where X is any one of Sm, Gd, and Y) and a burnt-out material 4.
- the ceramic slurry for the barrier layer is prepared, for example, by blending Ce(X)O 2 (X is any one of Sm, Gd, and Y) powder, burnout material, binder, dispersant, organic solvent, etc. can do.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the process of producing an unsintered substrate.
- an unsintered substrate 1 is produced by laminating an electrolyte layer green sheet 2s and a barrier layer green sheet 3s.
- unsintered barrier layers 3 are provided on both main surfaces of the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 .
- the unsintered substrate 1 is laminated in the following order: one green sheet 3s for the barrier layer, three green sheets 2s for the electrolyte layer, and one green sheet 3s for the barrier layer. It has been made.
- the number of electrolyte layer green sheets 2s included in the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 is not particularly limited, and may be one or two or more.
- the number of barrier layer green sheets 3s included in the unsintered barrier layer 3 provided on one main surface of the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 is not particularly limited, and may be one or two or more. good.
- the number of barrier layer green sheets 3s included in the unsintered barrier layer 3 provided on one main surface of the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 is the number of green sheets for an electrolyte layer included in the unsintered electrolyte layer 2.
- the number of sheets may be the same as that of 2s, or may be larger or smaller.
- the number of barrier layer green sheets 3s included in the unsintered barrier layer 3 provided on the other main surface of the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 is not particularly limited, and may be one, or two or more. But that's fine.
- the number of barrier layer green sheets 3s included in the unsintered barrier layer 3 provided on the other main surface of the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 is the number of green sheets for an electrolyte layer included in the unsintered electrolyte layer 2.
- the number of sheets may be the same as that of 2s, or may be larger or smaller.
- the number of barrier layer green sheets 3s included in the unsintered barrier layer 3 provided on the other main surface of the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 is The number may be the same as the number of barrier layer green sheets 3s included in the unsintered barrier layer 3 provided, the number may be greater, or the number may be less.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the process of producing an unsintered substrate.
- an unsintered substrate 1A may be produced by laminating an electrolyte layer green sheet 2s and a barrier layer green sheet 3s.
- an unsintered barrier layer 3 is provided on one main surface of an unsintered electrolyte layer 2.
- an unsintered substrate 1A is produced by laminating one barrier layer green sheet 3s and three electrolyte layer green sheets 2s in this order.
- the number of electrolyte layer green sheets 2s included in the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 is not particularly limited, and may be one or two or more.
- the number of barrier layer green sheets 3s included in the unsintered barrier layer 3 provided on one main surface of the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 is not particularly limited, and may be one or two or more. good.
- the thickness of the unsintered electrolyte layer 2 can be easily controlled by laminating a plurality of electrolyte layer green sheets 2s.
- the thickness of the unsintered barrier layer 3 can be easily controlled by laminating a plurality of barrier layer green sheets 3s.
- the electrolyte layer green sheet 2s and the barrier layer green sheet 3s may be laminated and then pressure bonded.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the process of firing the unsintered substrate.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of the step of firing the unsintered substrate.
- the unsintered substrate 1A shown in FIG. 6 By firing the unsintered substrate 1A shown in FIG. 6 at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the burnt material 4 is burned out, the unsintered substrate 1A is sintered to form the electrolyte layer 20 and the barrier layer 30, and the burnt material 4 is burned out and voids 40 are formed inside the barrier layer 30. As a result, an electrolyte substrate 10A shown in FIG. 8 is manufactured.
- a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention includes an air electrode, a fuel electrode, and an electrolyte substrate according to the invention provided between the air electrode and the fuel electrode.
- a barrier layer of the electrolyte substrate is disposed between the electrolyte layer of the electrolyte substrate and the air electrode. Therefore, the reaction between the electrolyte layer and the air electrode can be suppressed by the barrier layer.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- a single cell 100 for a solid oxide fuel cell shown in FIG. 9 includes an air electrode 50, a fuel electrode 60, and an electrolyte substrate 10 (see FIG. 1) provided between the air electrode 50 and the fuel electrode 60. , is provided.
- the electrolyte substrate 10 includes an electrolyte layer 20 and a barrier layer 30 provided on both main surfaces of the electrolyte layer 20. Holes 40 exist inside the barrier layer 30 .
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another example of a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention.
- a single cell 100A for a solid oxide fuel cell shown in FIG. 10 includes an air electrode 50, a fuel electrode 60, and an electrolyte substrate 10A (see FIG. 2) provided between the air electrode 50 and the fuel electrode 60. , is provided.
- the electrolyte substrate 10A includes the electrolyte layer 20 and the barrier layer 30 provided on one main surface of the electrolyte layer 20. Holes 40 exist inside the barrier layer 30 .
- the barrier layer 30 of the electrolyte substrate 10 is arranged between the electrolyte layer 20 of the electrolyte substrate 10 and the air electrode 50.
- the air electrode 50 a known air electrode for solid oxide fuel cells is used.
- the material for the air electrode 50 include La(Ni)FeO 3 , (La,Sr)CoO 3 , (La,Sr)FeO 3 , and (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O 3 .
- the barrier layer 30 is not provided between the electrolyte layer 20 and the air electrode 50, the air electrode 50 reacts with the electrolyte layer 20 when heat-treated at high temperature, and the insulating layer of SrZrO 3 , La 2 Zr 2 O 7 , etc. generated.
- the air electrode 50 may be provided on the entire main surface of one of the electrolyte substrates 10 or 10A, or may be provided on a portion thereof.
- the fuel electrode 60 a known fuel electrode for solid oxide fuel cells is used.
- the material of the fuel electrode 60 include Ni, Ni/ScSZ (scandia stabilized zirconia) cermet, Ni/YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) cermet, Ni/CeO 2 cermet, and the like.
- the fuel electrode 60 may be provided on the entire other main surface of the electrolyte substrate 10 or 10A, or may be provided on a portion thereof.
- a single cell for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention has an air electrode formed on one main surface of the electrolyte substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention, and a fuel electrode on the other main surface. It can be manufactured by forming.
- a binder and a solvent are added to the powder of the material constituting the air electrode, and if necessary, a dispersant and the like are added to prepare a slurry for the air electrode. Further, a binder and a solvent are added to the powder of the material constituting the fuel electrode, and if necessary, a dispersant and the like are added to prepare a slurry for the fuel electrode.
- the slurry for the air electrode is applied to one main surface of the electrolyte substrate, and the slurry for the fuel electrode is applied to the other main surface of the electrolyte substrate to a predetermined thickness, and the coating film is dried. and forming a green layer for the fuel electrode.
- the air electrode and the fuel electrode are formed by firing the green layers for the air electrode and the fuel electrode. Firing conditions such as firing temperature may be appropriately determined depending on the types of materials of the air electrode and the fuel electrode.
- a fuel gas flow path for supplying fuel gas such as gas or hydrocarbon gas to the fuel electrode is required.
- a solid oxide fuel cell stack in which a plurality of cells in which a single cell according to the present invention is provided with an oxidizing gas flow path and a fuel gas flow path and further provided with a conductive path is also one of the present invention. It is.
- a solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the present invention includes a single cell according to the present invention, a first interconnector disposed on the air electrode side of the single cell, and a first interconnector disposed on the fuel electrode side of the single cell.
- a plurality of cells including a second interconnector are stacked.
- each of the plurality of single cells has a structure in which they are sandwiched between a pair of interconnectors.
- the interconnector has the function of electrically connecting a plurality of single cells and supplying gas to each pole.
- FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing an example of a solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the present invention.
- a solid oxide fuel cell stack 200 shown in FIG. 11 includes a single cell 100 (see FIG. 9), a first interconnector 210 disposed on the air electrode 50 side of the single cell 100, and a The cells 110 including the second interconnector 220 disposed on the pole 60 side are stacked in two stages in the Z direction.
- the number of stacked cells 110 is not particularly limited. In the solid oxide fuel cell stack 200, only the single cells 100 shown in FIG. 9 may be stacked, or only the single cells 100A shown in FIG. 10 may be stacked, or the single cells 100 shown in FIG. Both of the single cells 100A shown in FIG. 10 may be stacked.
- the solid oxide fuel cell stack 200 is provided with an oxidant gas manifold 230 and a fuel gas manifold 240, which are through holes.
- Oxidizing gas manifold 230 extends in the X direction
- fuel gas manifold 240 extends in the Y direction.
- Oxidizing gas flow path 250 is provided on the main surface of the first interconnector 210 facing the air electrode 50. Oxidizing gas flow path 250 extends in the Y direction.
- a fuel gas flow path 260 is provided on the main surface of the second interconnector 220 facing the fuel electrode 60.
- the fuel gas flow path 260 extends in the X direction.
- the constituent material of the first interconnector 210 and the second interconnector 220 may be an insulating material such as a ceramic material, or a conductive material such as a metal material.
- the constituent materials of the first interconnector 210 and the second interconnector 220 may be the same or different.
- the constituent material of the first interconnector 210 and the second interconnector 220 is an insulating material
- the first interconnector 210 and the second interconnector 220 may be, for example, a sintered body of partially stabilized zirconia, etc. can be mentioned.
- the first interconnector 210 When the constituent material of the first interconnector 210 is an insulating material, the first interconnector 210 is penetrated in the thickness direction and connected to the air electrode 50 while being exposed on the main surface on the opposite side to the air electrode 50.
- at least one through conductor is provided.
- the air electrode 50 can be led out of the first interconnector 210 via the through conductor.
- the second interconnector 220 When the constituent material of the second interconnector 220 is an insulating material, the second interconnector 220 is penetrated in the thickness direction and connected to the fuel electrode 60 while being exposed on the main surface on the opposite side to the fuel electrode 60.
- at least one through conductor is provided.
- the fuel electrode 60 can be led out of the second interconnector 220 via the through conductor.
- the constituent material of the through conductors provided in the first interconnector 210 and the second interconnector 220 is preferably an alloy of silver and palladium, or platinum.
- the constituent material of the through conductor provided in the first interconnector 210 and the constituent material of the through conductor provided in the second interconnector 220 may be the same or different.
- Ce(Sm)O 2 (hereinafter referred to as SDC) powder and resin beads for forming pores (burnt material) are mixed in a predetermined ratio, and a dispersant, a polyvinyl butyral binder, a plasticizer, and toluene/ethanol are mixed. After adding and mixing the system solvent to prepare a slurry, the viscosity was adjusted by defoaming under reduced pressure. A green sheet for the barrier layer was prepared by applying the slurry onto a carrier film using a doctor blade method and drying it.
- the thicknesses of the electrolyte layer (ScSZ layer) and barrier layer (SDC layer) were measured using the image scale. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Note that the thickness of the barrier layer shown in Table 2 is the thickness of one barrier layer provided on one main surface of the electrolyte layer.
- ⁇ 3PL/(2bh 2 )
- ⁇ three-point bending strength
- P maximum load
- L distance between supporting points
- b sample width
- h sample thickness.
- the number of measurements was 10, and the average value of the three-point bending strength was determined.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the evaluation results for each sample. Regarding the three-point bending strength, sample No. Table 2 shows the relative values when the three-point bending strength of No. 2 is set to 1.00.
- the appropriate range of pore area ratio in the barrier layer is 24% or more and 72% or less.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板は、スカンジア安定化ジルコニア又はイットリア安定化ジルコニアの焼結体を含む電解質層と、上記電解質層の少なくとも一方の主面に設けられ、Ce(X)O2(ただしXはSm、Gd及びYのいずれかである)の焼結体を含むバリア層と、を備え、上記バリア層の厚み方向に沿った断面を見たとき、上記バリア層の内部には、面積率で24%以上、72%以下の空孔が存在する。
本発明に係る固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板の製造方法は、スカンジア安定化ジルコニア又はイットリア安定化ジルコニアの粉末を含む未焼結の電解質層の少なくとも一方の主面、あるいは、スカンジア安定化ジルコニア又はイットリア安定化ジルコニアの焼結体を含む電解質層の少なくとも一方の主面に、Ce(X)O2(ただしXはSm、Gd及びYのいずれかである)の粉末及び焼失材を含む未焼結のバリア層が設けられている、未焼結基板を作製する工程と、上記焼失材が焼失する温度以上で上記未焼結基板を焼成する工程と、を備える。
本発明に係る固体酸化物形燃料電池用の単セルは、空気極と、燃料極と、上記空気極と上記燃料極との間に設けられた本発明に係る電解質基板と、を備える。
本発明に係る固体酸化物形燃料電池スタックは、本発明に係る単セルと、上記単セルの空気極側に配設された第1のインターコネクタと、上記単セルの燃料極側に配設された第2のインターコネクタと、を備えるセルが複数積み重ねられている。
スカンジア安定化ジルコニアであるZr(Sc)O2(以下、ScSZと記載する)の粉末、分散剤、ポリビニルブチラール系バインダー、可塑剤、トルエン/エタノール系溶媒を混合してスラリーを作製した後、減圧脱泡で粘度を調整した。ドクターブレード方式でキャリアフィルム上にスラリーを塗工し、乾燥することで、電解質層用グリーンシートを作製した。
Ce(Sm)O2(以下、SDCと記載する)の粉末及び空孔形成用の樹脂ビーズ(焼失材)を所定の比率で混合し、分散剤、ポリビニルブチラール系バインダー、可塑剤、トルエン/エタノール系溶媒を添加、混合してスラリーを作製した後、減圧脱泡で粘度を調整した。ドクターブレード方式でキャリアフィルム上にスラリーを塗工し、乾燥することで、バリア層用グリーンシートを作製した。
SDC/ScSZ/SDCの順にグリーンシートを積層した後、100MPaで静水圧プレスを行い、所定のサイズにカットすることでグリーンシートの圧着体(未焼結基板)を得た。その後、バッチ式焼成炉を用いて、有機成分を焼失させた後、トップ温度1350℃で焼結させ、50mm×40mmサイズの電解質基板を得た。
得られた50mm×40mmサイズの電解質基板をグラインダーで5mm角サイズの個片にカットした後、熱硬化樹脂で固めて研磨用試料を作製した。研磨用試料を最終的に3μmのダイヤモンドスラリーで研磨し、平滑な基板断面を露出させた。走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて倍率2000倍で、バリア層(SDC層)の厚み方向における全面と電解質層(ScSZ層)との界面が見える位置をランダムに5視野選び、クラックの有無を確認するとともに、反射電子像を撮影した。
前出の反射電子像を画像解析ソフト(WinROOF2018)に取り込んで解析を実施した。その手順を以下に示す。
(1)カラー画像をグレー画像に変換する。
(2)空孔とそれ以外の部分を区別できるようにグレー画像の濃淡検出閾値を決め、設定閾値以下(以上)の箇所を検出する。
(3)空孔面積の合計とバリア層全面積から以下の式に従って空孔面積率を算出する。
空孔面積率(%)=100×空孔面積の合計/バリア層全面積
オートグラフ(AGS-5KNX)を用いて、電解質基板の3点曲げ試験を実施した。試験条件を以下に示す。
支点間距離:20mm
試験速度:5mm/min
σ=3PL/(2bh2)
ここで、σ:3点曲げ強度、P:最大荷重、L:支点間距離、b:試料幅、h:試料厚である。測定数は10とし、その3点曲げ強度の平均値を求めた。
2 未焼結の電解質層
2s 電解質層用グリーンシート
3 未焼結のバリア層
3s バリア層用グリーンシート
4 焼失材
5 スカンジア安定化ジルコニア又はイットリア安定化ジルコニアの粉末
6 Ce(X)O2の粉末
10、10A 固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板
20 電解質層
30 バリア層
40 空孔
50 空気極
60 燃料極
100、100A 固体酸化物形燃料電池用の単セル
110 セル
200 固体酸化物形燃料電池スタック
210 第1のインターコネクタ
220 第2のインターコネクタ
230 酸化剤ガスマニホールド
240 燃料ガスマニホールド
250 酸化剤ガス流路
260 燃料ガス流路
Claims (8)
- スカンジア安定化ジルコニア又はイットリア安定化ジルコニアの焼結体を含む電解質層と、
前記電解質層の少なくとも一方の主面に設けられ、Ce(X)O2(ただしXはSm、Gd及びYのいずれかである)の焼結体を含むバリア層と、を備え、
前記バリア層の厚み方向に沿った断面を見たとき、前記バリア層の内部には、面積率で24%以上、72%以下の空孔が存在する、固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板。 - 前記電解質層の厚みに対する前記バリア層の厚みの比率は、20%以下である、請求項1に記載の電解質基板。
- 前記バリア層の厚みは、20μm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質基板。
- 空気極と、
燃料極と、
前記空気極と前記燃料極との間に設けられた請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電解質基板と、を備え、
前記電解質基板の電解質層と前記空気極との間に前記電解質基板のバリア層が配置されている、固体酸化物形燃料電池用の単セル。 - 請求項4に記載の単セルと、前記単セルの空気極側に配設された第1のインターコネクタと、前記単セルの燃料極側に配設された第2のインターコネクタと、を備えるセルが複数積み重ねられている、固体酸化物形燃料電池スタック。
- スカンジア安定化ジルコニア又はイットリア安定化ジルコニアの粉末を含む未焼結の電解質層の少なくとも一方の主面、あるいは、スカンジア安定化ジルコニア又はイットリア安定化ジルコニアの焼結体を含む電解質層の少なくとも一方の主面に、Ce(X)O2(ただしXはSm、Gd及びYのいずれかである)の粉末及び焼失材を含む未焼結のバリア層が設けられている、未焼結基板を作製する工程と、
前記焼失材が焼失する温度以上で前記未焼結基板を焼成する工程と、を備える、固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板の製造方法。 - 前記未焼結基板を作製する工程は、
スカンジア安定化ジルコニア又はイットリア安定化ジルコニアの粉末を含む未焼成の電解質層用グリーンシートを作製する工程と、
Ce(X)O2(ただしXはSm、Gd及びYのいずれかである)の粉末及び焼失材を含む未焼成のバリア層用グリーンシートを作製する工程と、
前記電解質層用グリーンシート及び前記バリア層用グリーンシートを積層する工程と、を備える、請求項6に記載の電解質基板の製造方法。 - 前記焼失材は、樹脂ビーズである、請求項6又は7に記載の電解質基板の製造方法。
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| CN202380028683.9A CN118901154A (zh) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-03-27 | 固体氧化物型燃料电池用的电解质基板、固体氧化物型燃料电池用的单电池、固体氧化物型燃料电池组和固体氧化物型燃料电池用的电解质基板的制造方法 |
| JP2024514227A JP7722567B2 (ja) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-03-27 | 固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板、固体酸化物形燃料電池用の単セル、固体酸化物形燃料電池スタック及び固体酸化物形燃料電池用の電解質基板の製造方法 |
| US18/809,656 US20240413367A1 (en) | 2022-04-04 | 2024-08-20 | Electrolyte substrate for solid oxide fuel cell, single cell for solid oxide fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell stack, and method for manufacturing electrolyte substrate for solid oxide fuel cell |
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| JP7675246B1 (ja) | 2024-03-21 | 2025-05-12 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 電気化学単セル、セルスタック、ホットモジュール、及び、ガス製造装置 |
| JP2025144769A (ja) * | 2024-03-21 | 2025-10-03 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 電気化学単セル、セルスタック、ホットモジュール、及び、ガス製造装置 |
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| JPWO2023195369A1 (ja) | 2023-10-12 |
| CN118901154A (zh) | 2024-11-05 |
| US20240413367A1 (en) | 2024-12-12 |
| JP7722567B2 (ja) | 2025-08-13 |
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