WO2023190573A1 - 接合体の製造方法及び被接合体の接合方法 - Google Patents
接合体の製造方法及び被接合体の接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023190573A1 WO2023190573A1 PCT/JP2023/012630 JP2023012630W WO2023190573A1 WO 2023190573 A1 WO2023190573 A1 WO 2023190573A1 JP 2023012630 W JP2023012630 W JP 2023012630W WO 2023190573 A1 WO2023190573 A1 WO 2023190573A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
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- H10W72/071—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
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- H10W70/05—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/068—Flake-like particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/00012—Relevant to the scope of the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/00014—Technical content checked by a classifier the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
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- H10W72/073—
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a bonded body and a method for joining objects to be bonded.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device in which the reliability of a sintered joint is high and damage to semiconductor elements due to pressurization can be suppressed. This document discloses heating and pressurizing sinterable metal particles that will become a sintered joint at a predetermined timing.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a joined body that can suppress the occurrence of cracks in the fillet portion.
- the present invention is a method for manufacturing a bonded body in which a first body to be bonded and a second body to be bonded are bonded via a bonding layer, a step of applying a paste containing copper particles and an organic solvent to the first object to be joined to form a coating film; placing the second object to be joined on the coating film to form a laminate; a firing step of heating and pressurizing the laminate to sinter the copper particles in the coating film to form the bonding layer, In the firing step, heating is performed gradually from a heating start temperature to a maximum temperature Tm, and pressure is gradually applied from a pressurization start pressure to a maximum pressure Pm, and the heating temperature is
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a bonded body in which the pressure when the temperature reaches 200° C. is 15 MPa or less.
- the present invention provides a method for joining objects to be bonded, which includes bonding a first object to be bonded and a second object to be bonded via a bonding layer, a step of applying a paste containing copper particles and an organic solvent to the first object to be joined to form a coating film; placing the second object to be joined on the coating film to form a laminate; a firing step of heating and pressurizing the laminate to sinter the copper particles in the coating film to form the bonding layer, In the firing step, heating is performed gradually from a heating start temperature to a maximum temperature Tm, and pressure is gradually applied from a pressurization start pressure to a maximum pressure Pm, and the heating temperature is
- the present invention provides a method for joining objects to be joined in which the pressure when the temperature reaches 200° C. is 15 MPa or less.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the first step of the method for manufacturing a joined body of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a step subsequent to the step shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a crack generated in the fillet portion of the joined body.
- a bonded body manufactured by the method of the present invention has a structure in which a first body to be bonded and a second body to be bonded are bonded via a bonding layer.
- the bonding layer is made of a sintered body formed by firing a paste containing copper particles and an organic solvent.
- the first object to be welded includes metal on its surface to be welded.
- a member having a surface made of metal can be used as the first object to be joined.
- metal refers to a metal itself that does not form a compound with other elements, or an alloy of two or more metals. Examples of such metals include copper, silver, gold, aluminum, palladium, nickel, and alloys consisting of a combination of two or more thereof.
- the surface made of metal may be made of one kind of metal, or may be made of two or more kinds of metals. .
- the surface may be an alloy.
- the metal surface it is preferable that the metal surface be a flat surface, but it may be a curved surface in some cases.
- the first object to be bonded include, for example, a spacer made of the above-mentioned metal, a heat sink, a semiconductor element, and a substrate having at least one of the above-mentioned metals on its surface.
- the substrate include an insulating substrate having a metal layer such as copper on the surface of a ceramic or aluminum nitride plate.
- the semiconductor element can contain one or more elements such as Si, Ga, Ge, C, N, and As.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are process diagrams illustrating the method for joining a joined body of the present invention.
- a paste containing copper particles is applied onto the first object to be bonded 11 to form a coating film 12X.
- the method for applying the paste is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include screen printing, gravure printing, dispense printing, reverse coating, and doctor blade methods.
- the paste used in the present invention contains copper particles and an organic solvent as described below, and further contains a regulator as described below as appropriate.
- the copper particles contained in the paste include both pure copper particles and copper-based alloy particles.
- the copper particles contained in the paste may be pure copper particles only, copper-based alloy particles only, or a mixture of pure copper particles and copper-based alloy particles. Note that it is permissible for the paste to contain a small amount of metal particles other than copper particles as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the shape of the copper particles contained in the paste is not particularly limited, and both spherical and non-spherical particles can be used.
- the fact that the copper particles are spherical means that the circularity coefficient measured by the following method is 0.85 or more.
- the circularity coefficient is calculated by the following method. That is, when a scanning electron microscope image of a primary copper particle is taken, and the area of the two-dimensional projected image of the copper particle is S and the perimeter is L, the circularity coefficient of the copper particle is 4 ⁇ S/L 2 Calculated from the formula.
- the fact that the copper particles are non-spherical means that the above-mentioned circularity coefficient is less than 0.85.
- Specific examples of non-spherical shapes include flat shapes, polyhedral shapes such as hexahedrons and octahedrons, spindle shapes, and irregular shapes.
- one of the two or more types of copper powder is a flat copper particle, and it is more preferable that the copper powder contains flat copper particles and spherical copper particles as described below.
- the flat shape refers to a shape having a pair of plate surfaces forming the main surface of the particle and side surfaces perpendicular to these plate surfaces, and the plate surfaces and the side surfaces are each independently, It can be a flat, curved or uneven surface.
- the particle size shall be determined by the following method. That is, 50 or more primary copper particles with clear outlines were selected from scanning electron microscope images of copper particles taken at a magnification range of 10,000 times to 150,000 times, and the Heywood diameter of each particle was measured. do. Next, from the obtained Heywood diameter, the volume is calculated assuming that the particles are true spheres, and the volume cumulative particle size at 50% by volume of the cumulative volume is determined by D SEM50 .
- the D SEM50 of the copper particles is preferably greater than 0.1 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.11 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 0.12 ⁇ m or more.
- the D SEM50 is preferably 0.55 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size is determined by the volume cumulative particle size D 50 at a cumulative volume of 50% by volume measured by a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method.
- this can be done by the following method. That is, 0.1 g of a measurement sample and an aqueous dispersant solution are mixed and dispersed for 1 minute using an ultrasonic homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, US-300T). Thereafter, D 50 is calculated by measuring the particle size distribution using, for example, MT3300 EXII manufactured by Microtrack Bell as a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measuring device.
- the D50 of the copper particles is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less. By having D50 within this range, it becomes easier to obtain a densely sintered bonding layer when the copper paste is formed into a coating and fired, resulting in high bonding strength between the objects to be bonded and improvement in conductive reliability. It can be realized.
- Copper particles can be manufactured by various methods known in the art.
- copper powder can be produced by a wet reduction method, an atomization method, an electrolytic method, or the like.
- the method to be adopted can be appropriately selected depending on the particle size, shape, etc. of the copper particles.
- the paste may be composed of copper particles having only one of these shapes, or may be composed of a combination of copper particles having two or more shapes. Alternatively, a mixture of copper particles having a predetermined average particle size and copper particles having a different average particle size may be used.
- the paste contains spherical copper particles (cuprous particles) with a D SEM50 of more than 0.1 ⁇ m and less than 0.55 ⁇ m, and non-spherical copper particles (cupric particles) with a D SEM50 of 0.3 ⁇ m and more than 50 ⁇ m.
- spherical copper particles cuprous particles
- cupric particles non-spherical copper particles
- the proportion of cuprous particles to the total mass of cuprous particles and cupric particles be 20% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and 25% by mass.
- cuprous particles it is more preferably 90% by mass or less, and even more preferably 30% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less.
- the cuprous particles it is preferable for the cuprous particles to be spherical and the cupric particles to be flat, since the sintered body will be more dense.
- the surface of the copper particles may be treated with an organic surface treatment agent.
- the organic surface treatment agent is an agent for suppressing aggregation between copper particles.
- Agents suitably used in the present invention to suppress agglomeration between copper particles are, for example, various fatty acids, aliphatic amines, and complexing agents having an affinity for copper.
- fatty acids or aliphatic amines include benzoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, pentylamine, hexylamine, Examples include octylamine, decylamine, laurylamine, oleylamine, and stearylamine.
- complexing agents having an affinity for copper include amino acids such as glycine, dimethylglyoxime, and the like. These fatty acids, aliphatic amines, and complexing agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of copper particles in the paste is preferably 50% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of increasing the filling property of copper particles and maintaining sufficient bonding strength as a bonding layer, and is preferably 60% by mass or more and 95% by mass. It is more preferable that it is below.
- the thickness of the coating film 12X is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less, in order to ensure that the bonding layer formed from the coating film has sufficient bonding strength. preferable.
- organic solvent contained in the paste conventionally known organic solvents can be used without particular limitation. Examples include monoalcohols, polyhydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohol alkyl ethers, polyhydric alcohol aryl ethers, aliphatic organic acids, esters, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, amides, amines, and saturated hydrocarbons. These organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of organic solvent in the paste is not particularly limited as long as the paste has a viscosity sufficient to form a coating film, but it is generally preferably 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less based on the paste.
- the paste may contain an appropriate adjusting agent for adjusting various properties.
- the modifier include reducing agents, viscosity modifiers, and surface tension modifiers.
- the reducing agent is preferably one that promotes sintering of the copper particles, such as monoalcohol, polyhydric alcohol, amino alcohol, citric acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, ascorbic acid, aldehyde, hydrazine and its derivatives, hydroxylamine and its derivatives.
- examples include derivatives, dithiothreitol, phosphite, hydrophosphite, phosphorous acid and its derivatives.
- the viscosity modifier is preferably one that can adjust the viscosity of the paste, preferably within the above viscosity range, such as ketones, esters, alcohols, glycols, hydrocarbons, polymers, etc. .
- the surface tension adjuster may be one that can adjust the surface tension of the coating film 12X, such as polymers such as acrylic surfactants, silicone surfactants, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, fatty acid glycerol esters, and alcohols. , hydrocarbon type, ester type, glycol and other monomers.
- the viscosity of the paste can be measured using a rheometer MARS III manufactured by Thermo Scientific. From the viewpoint of improving the coatability or printability of the copper paste, the viscosity value at a shear rate of 10 s -1 is preferably 10 Pa-s or more and 200 Pa-s or less, and preferably 15 Pa-s or more and 200 Pa-s or less. More preferred.
- the conditions for measuring the viscosity of copper paste are as follows. Measurement mode: Shear rate dependent measurement Sensor: Parallel type ( ⁇ 20mm) Measurement temperature: 25°C Gap: 0.300mm Shear rate: 0.05 ⁇ 120.01s -1 Measurement time: 2 minutes
- the dimensions and shape of the coating film 12X formed on the first object to be bonded 11 can be made the same as the dimensions and shape of the second object to be bonded 13, which will be described later.
- the size may be such that the coating film 12X extends from the periphery of the second object to be bonded 13 when the second object to be bonded 13 is placed on the coating film 12X.
- the latter case is preferable because the first object 11 and the second object 13 are reliably joined by the bonding layer.
- a portion of the coating film 12X extending from the periphery of the second object 13, ie, a fillet portion, is generated.
- the coating film 12X is formed on the surface of the first object to be bonded 11, as shown in FIG. A laminate 15 is formed by stacking the film 12X and the second object 13 in this order.
- the second object to be bonded 13 the same material as the first object to be bonded 11 described above can be used without particular limitation.
- the first object to be bonded 11 is, for example, a substrate
- the second object to be bonded 13 is, for example, a spacer, a heat sink, or a semiconductor element.
- the concentration of the organic solvent contained in the coating film 12X may be substantially the same as the concentration of the organic solvent contained in the paste, or It can be low.
- the coating film 12X after forming the coating film 12X on the first object to be bonded 11, the coating film 12X can be dried and the organic solvent can be removed by allowing it to stand for a predetermined period of time to naturally dry or heat drying.
- the laminate 15 is held between predetermined plate-shaped jigs 16, 16, and a firing step is performed in which the laminate 15 is heated and the jigs 16, 16 pressurize the laminate 15. conduct. As the heating progresses, the organic solvent is removed from the coating film 12X, and the copper particles in the coating film 12X begin to sinter. Note that any conventionally known pressurizing device using the plate-shaped jigs 16, 16 can be used without particular limitation.
- Heating and pressurization may be started at the same time, or pressurization may be started after a predetermined period of time has elapsed from the start of heating, or conversely, heating may be started after a predetermined period of time has elapsed from the start of pressurization. You may start.
- a bonding layer made of a sintered body of copper particles can be successfully formed by controlling the heating and pressure profiles.
- the bonding layer has a fillet portion, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of cracks in the fillet portion.
- heating is performed gradually from the heating start temperature to the maximum temperature Tm.
- pressurization is gradually increased from the pressurization start pressure until reaching the maximum pressure Pm.
- the "cracks” that occur in the fillet portion in the present invention are not the cracks 17 that occur only at the corners of the fillet portion 14, but also the cracks 17 that occur near the center of the fillet portion 14, although not shown in the drawings, it also includes those that do not occur continuously from the end of the second object 13 to the outer periphery of the fillet portion 14 but are internal to the fillet portion.
- heating gradually means heating so that there is no period of temperature drop over time from the start of heating in the firing process until the maximum temperature Tm is reached. . Therefore, in the firing process, it is permissible that the heating temperature remains constant for a period of time.
- the heating in the firing process may be performed so that the temperature increases linearly over time, the temperature may increase exponentially, or the temperature may increase logarithmically.
- the temperature may be increased in a stepwise manner, or a temperature increase line may be drawn that is a combination of these.
- applying pressure gradually refers to applying pressure so that there is no period in which the pressure decreases over time from the start of pressurization in the firing process until the maximum pressure Pm is reached. means. Therefore, it is permissible for a period of constant pressure to occur during the firing process.
- the pressure in the firing process may be applied so that the pressure increases linearly over time, the pressure may increase exponentially, or the pressure increases logarithmically.
- the pressure may be increased in a stepwise manner, or may be increased in a stepwise manner, or a pressure increase line may be drawn that is a combination of these.
- the heating and pressurizing conditions are controlled so that the pressure is 15 MPa or less when the heating temperature reaches 200°C.
- Gradually heating and pressurizing the laminate 15 is advantageous in terms of improving the production efficiency of the desired joined body. Under this condition, by controlling the heating and pressurizing conditions so that the pressure when the heating temperature reaches 200°C is 15 MPa or less, the coating film 12 (hereinafter also referred to as "directly below the die") and the portion extending from the periphery of the second workpiece 13, that is, the fillet portion, contract to approximately the same extent. This suppresses the occurrence of cracks in the fillet portion 14.
- the pressure when the heating temperature reaches 200°C is preferably 15 MPa or less, more preferably 13 MPa or less. Preferable from the viewpoint of suppression. Note that pressurization may be started after the heating temperature reaches 200°C.
- the reason why the pressure is controlled based on the temperature of 200°C is that copper particles are generally sintered at about 250°C, so if it is 200°C, sintering of the copper particles has not started. This is because the shrinkage of the coating film 12X can be controlled.
- the pressurization may be made to reach the maximum pressure Pm after the heating reaches the maximum temperature Tm, or conversely, After the pressurization reaches the maximum pressure Pm, the heating may reach the maximum temperature Tm.
- the heating and pressurization may be controlled so that the maximum temperature Tm and the maximum pressure Pm are reached simultaneously.
- the pressurization is made to reach the maximum pressure Pm after the heating reaches the maximum temperature Tm.
- the temperature may increase linearly over time, the temperature may increase exponentially, or the temperature may increase logarithmically.
- the temperature may be increased in steps, the temperature may be increased in steps, or a temperature increase line may be drawn that is a combination of these. The same applies to pressurization in the firing process.
- the heating mode described above from the viewpoint of efficient production of the joined body, it is important not to have a constant temperature process of 10 seconds or more, especially 5 seconds or more, from the heating start temperature to the maximum temperature Tm. preferable. For the same reason, it is preferable not to have a constant pressure process of 10 seconds or more, especially 5 seconds or more from the pressurization start pressure to the maximum pressure Pm. Note that when the firing process includes both a constant temperature process and a constant pressure process, the period of the constant temperature process and the period of the constant pressure process can be set independently, and it is not necessary to synchronize the two.
- the time required from the start of heating until the temperature reaches the maximum temperature Tm is 1 second to 30 minutes, preferably 1 second to 10 minutes, More preferably, the time is 1 second or more and 1 minute or less.
- the pressure increase rate is preferably 0.2 MPa/s or more, and 1 MPa/s or more, from the viewpoint of making the shrinkage of the coating film 12X approximately the same between the area immediately below the die and the fillet area. It may be more than that. Further, the pressure increasing rate is preferably 20 MPa/s or less, more preferably 10 MPa/s or less, still more preferably 5 MPa/s or less. From the viewpoint of preventing floating in the fillet portion, the pressure increase rate is preferably 0.2 MPa/s or more and 10 MPa/s or less, and preferably 0.2 MPa/s or more and 5 MPa/s or less. More preferred.
- the constant pressure process is not included in the calculation of the pressure increase rate. When the rate of pressure increase until reaching the maximum pressure Pm is not constant, it is sufficient that the rate of pressure increase falls within the above range.
- the maximum heating temperature Tm in the firing step is preferably 200° C. or more and 350° C. or less, not only to sufficiently sinter the copper particles but also to prevent the objects to be joined from being damaged by heat.
- the maximum temperature Tm is preferably 210°C or more and 330°C or less, and more preferably 220°C or more and 310°C or less.
- the maximum pressure Pm of pressurization in the firing step is preferably set to 1 MPa or more and 40 MPa or less, particularly preferably 5 MPa or more and 40 MPa or less, particularly preferably 5 MPa or more and 30 MPa or less.
- the temperature Tm may be maintained thereafter or may be lowered below Tm. In any case, once the maximum temperature Tm is reached, it is preferable to keep the heating temperature constant within a temperature range of (Tm-30)° C. or more and Tm° C. or less from the viewpoint of sufficiently sintering the copper particles.
- the pressure Pm may be maintained thereafter, or may be lowered below Pm. In any case, once the maximum pressure Pm is reached, it is preferable to keep the heating temperature constant in a temperature range of (Pm-5) MPa or more and Pm MPa or less from the viewpoint of sufficiently sintering the copper particles.
- the firing step can use, for example, an inert atmosphere or an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- the inert atmosphere include a nitrogen gas atmosphere and a rare gas atmosphere such as argon and neon. From the viewpoint of economy, it is preferable to use a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- atmospheric atmosphere can be used as the oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- a sintered body serving as a bonding layer is generated from the coating film 12X in the laminate 15, and the first and second objects 11 and 13 are bonded with high bonding strength. Join with. Further, even if a fillet portion exists in the bonding layer, the generation of cracks in the fillet portion is effectively suppressed, so that the bonded body has high reliability. Therefore, the bonded body obtained by the present manufacturing method is suitably used for devices that handle large currents, such as in-vehicle electronic circuits and electronic circuits in which power devices are mounted.
- the present invention further discloses the following method for manufacturing a joined body and method for joining objects to be joined.
- [2] Applying the coating film so that when the second object to be bonded is placed on the coating film, the coating film extends from the periphery of the second object to be bonded;
- [3] The manufacturing method according to [1] or [2], wherein in the firing step, after the heating reaches the maximum temperature Tm, the pressurization reaches the maximum pressure Pm.
- [4] The manufacturing method according to any one of [1] to [3], which does not include a constant temperature process of 10 seconds or more from the heating start temperature to the maximum temperature Tm.
- [5] The manufacturing method according to any one of [1] to [4], which does not include a constant pressure process of 10 seconds or more from the pressurization start pressure to the maximum pressure Pm.
- a method for joining objects to be bonded which joins a first object to be bonded and a second object to be bonded via a bonding layer, a step of applying a paste containing copper particles and an organic solvent to the first object to be joined to form a coating film; placing the second object to be joined on the coating film to form a laminate; a firing step of heating and pressurizing the laminate to sinter the copper particles in the coating film to form the bonding layer, In the firing step, heating is performed gradually from a heating start temperature to a maximum temperature Tm, and pressure is gradually applied from a pressurization start pressure to a maximum pressure Pm, and the heating temperature is A method for joining objects to be joined, in which the pressure is 15 MPa or less when the temperature reaches 200°C.
- the total content of cuprous particles and cupric particles in the paste was 82%, the content of organic solvent was 17.9%, and the content of reducing agent was 0.1%.
- the mass ratio of the first copper particles and the second copper particles was 7:3.
- Heating and pressurizing were started simultaneously from the laminate's initial temperature of 40° C. and a non-loaded state (excluding its own weight).
- the time required from 40°C to 300°C was 15 seconds, the temperature increase rate was 17.3°C/s on average, and the pressure increase rate was 1.3 MPa/s.
- the temperature and pressure were increased linearly over time.
- the atmosphere was a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the pressure when the temperature reached 200°C was 8.7 MPa.
- the temperature increase was stopped when the temperature reached the maximum temperature Tm of 300°C, and 300°C was maintained thereafter.
- the pressure also reached the maximum pressure Pm of 20 MPa, and was maintained at 20 MPa thereafter.
- Ten minutes after reaching the maximum temperature Tm and the maximum pressure Pm, heating and pressurization were stopped, and the desired bonded body was obtained by cooling naturally.
- a method for manufacturing a joined body in which cracks are suppressed from occurring in the fillet portion is provided.
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Abstract
Description
したがって、本発明の課題は、フィレット部にクラックが発生することを抑制し得る接合体の製造方法を提供することにある。
銅粒子及び有機溶媒を含むペーストを前記第1被接合体に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜上に前記第2被接合体を載置して積層体を形成する工程と、
前記積層体を加熱及び加圧して、前記塗膜中の前記銅粒子を焼結させ前記接合層を形成する焼成工程とを備え、
前記焼成工程においては、加熱開始温度から最高温度Tmに達するまでの加熱を漸増的に行うとともに、加圧開始圧力から最高圧力Pmに達するまでの加圧を漸増的に行い、且つ、加熱温度が200℃に達したときの圧力を15MPa以下とする、接合体の製造方法を提供するものである。
銅粒子及び有機溶媒を含むペーストを前記第1被接合体に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜上に前記第2被接合体を載置して積層体を形成する工程と、
前記積層体を加熱及び加圧して、前記塗膜中の前記銅粒子を焼結させ前記接合層を形成する焼成工程とを備え、
前記焼成工程においては、加熱開始温度から最高温度Tmに達するまでの加熱を漸増的に行うとともに、加圧開始圧力から最高圧力Pmに達するまでの加圧を漸増的に行い、且つ、加熱温度が200℃に達したときの圧力を15MPa以下とする、被接合体の接合方法を提供するものである。
基板としては、例えば、セラミックス又は窒化アルミニウム板の表面に銅等の金属層を有する絶縁基板等が挙げられる。
被接合体として半導体素子を用いる場合、半導体素子は、Si、Ga、Ge、C、N、As等の元素のうち1種以上を含むことができる。
なお本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、ペーストに、銅粒子以外の金属粒子が少量含まれていることは許容される。
ここで、銅粒子が球状であるとは、以下の方法で測定した円形度係数が0.85以上であることをいう。円形度係数は、次の方法で算出される。すなわち、一次粒子の銅粒子の走査型電子顕微鏡像を撮影し、銅粒子の二次元投影像の面積をSとし、周囲長をLとしたときに、銅粒子の円形度係数を4πS/L2の式から算出する。
非球状の具体例としては、扁平状、六面体や八面体等の多面体状、紡錘状、異形状等の形状が挙げられる。本発明においては、2種以上の銅粉のいずれかが扁平状銅粒子であることが好ましく、後述するように扁平状銅粒子及び球状銅粒子を含むことがより好ましい。
なお、本発明において扁平状とは、粒子の主面を形成している一対の板面と、これらの板面に直交する側面とを有する形状を指し、板面及び側面はそれぞれ独立して、平面、曲面又は凹凸面でありうるものとする。
測定モード : せん断速度依存性測定
センサー : パラレル型(Φ20mm)
測定温度 : 25℃
ギャップ : 0.300mm
せん断速度 : 0.05~120.01s-1
測定時間 : 2分
なお、本発明においてフィレット部に発生する「クラック」とは、図3に示すとおり、フィレット部14の角部だけ発生するクラック17でなく、フィレット部14の中央部付近に発生するクラック17や、図示しないが第2被接合体13の端部からフィレット部14の外周にかけて連なって発生していない、フィレット部に内在するものも含むものとする。
また本明細書において「漸増的に加熱する」とは、焼成工程における加熱の開始から最高温度Tmに達するまで、時間の経過に連れて降温する期間が生じないように加熱を行うことを意味する。したがって、焼成工程において、加熱温度が一定の期間が生じることは許容される。例えば、焼成工程における加熱は時間の経過とともに温度が直線的に上昇するように行ってもよく、温度が指数関数的に上昇するように行ってもよく、温度が対数関数的に上昇するように行ってもよく、ステップ状に上昇するように行ってもよく、あるいはそれらを組み合わせた温度上昇線を描くように行ってもよい。
また本明細書において「漸増的に加圧する」とは、焼成工程における加圧の開始から最高圧力Pmに達するまで、時間の経過に連れて降圧する期間が生じないように加圧を行うことを意味する。したがって、焼成工程において、圧力が一定の期間が生じることは許容される。例えば、焼成工程における加圧は時間の経過とともに圧力が直線的に上昇するように行ってもよく、圧力が指数関数的に上昇するように行ってもよく、圧力が対数関数的に上昇するように行ってもよく、ステップ状に上昇するように行ってもよく、あるいはそれらを組み合わせた圧力上昇線を描くように行ってもよい。
これに対して、加圧が進行した状態で銅粒子の焼結が始まると、ダイ直下部と、第2被接合体13の周縁から延出した部分、すなわちフィレット部14との間に収縮差が生じるので、フィレット部14、特にフィレット部14の角部にクラックが発生しやすくなる。
また、昇圧速度は20MPa/s以下が好ましく、より好ましくは10MPa/s以下、更に好ましくは5MPa/s以下となるように行われる。
フィレット部に浮きを生じさせないようにする観点からは、加圧の昇圧速度は0.2MPa/s以上10MPa/s以下であることが好ましく、0.2MPa/s以上5MPa/s以下であることが更に好ましい。
昇圧速度の算出には定圧過程は含まれない。
最高圧力Pmに到達するまでの昇圧速度が一定でない場合には、該昇圧速度が前記の範囲内に収まっていればよい。
前記と同様の観点から、焼成工程における加圧の最高圧力Pmは1MPa以上40MPa以下に設定することが好ましく、特に5MPa以上40MPa以下、とりわけ5MPa以上30MPa以下に設定することが好ましい。
加圧に関しては、加圧が最高圧力Pmに達したら、その後はその圧力Pmを維持してもよく、あるいはPmよりも低下させてもよい。いずれの場合であっても、最高圧力Pmに達したら、(Pm-5)MPa以上PmMPa以下の温度範囲で加熱温度を一定に保つことが、銅粒子を十分に焼結させる観点から好ましい。
〔1〕 接合層を介して第1被接合体と第2被接合体とが接合されてなる接合体の製造方法であって、
銅粒子及び有機溶媒を含むペーストを前記第1被接合体に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜上に前記第2被接合体を載置して積層体を形成する工程と、
前記積層体を加熱及び加圧して、前記塗膜中の前記銅粒子を焼結させ前記接合層を形成する焼成工程とを備え、
前記焼成工程においては、加熱開始温度から最高温度Tmに達するまでの加熱を漸増的に行うとともに、加圧開始圧力から最高圧力Pmに達するまでの加圧を漸増的に行い、且つ、加熱温度が200℃に達したときの圧力を15MPa以下とする、接合体の製造方法。
〔2〕 前記塗膜上に前記第2被接合体を載置したときに、前記第2被接合体の周縁から前記塗膜が延出する寸法となるように、前記塗膜を塗布する、〔1〕に記載の製造方法。
〔3〕 前記焼成工程においては、加熱が最高温度Tmに達した後に、加圧が最高圧力Pmに達するようにする、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の製造方法。
〔4〕 加熱開始温度から最高温度Tmに達するまでに10秒以上の定温過程を有さない、〔1〕ないし〔3〕のいずれか一に記載の製造方法。
〔5〕 加圧開始圧力から最高圧力Pmに達するまでに10秒以上の定圧過程を有さない、〔1〕ないし〔4〕のいずれか一に記載の製造方法。
〔6〕 前記最高温度Tmを200℃以上350℃以下とする、〔1〕ないし〔5〕のいずれか一に記載の製造方法。
〔7〕 前記最高温度Tmに達したら、加熱温度を(Tm-30)℃以上Tm℃以下の範囲で一定に保つ、〔6〕に記載の製造方法。
〔8〕 前記最高圧力Pmを1MPa以上40MPa以下とする、〔1〕ないし〔7〕のいずれか一に記載の製造方法。
〔9〕 前記最高圧力Pmに達したら、圧力を(Pm-5)MPa以上PmMPaの範囲で一定に保つ、〔8〕に記載の製造方法。
〔10〕 接合層を介して第1被接合体と第2被接合体とを接合する被接合体の接合方法であって、
銅粒子及び有機溶媒を含むペーストを前記第1被接合体に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜上に前記第2被接合体を載置して積層体を形成する工程と、
前記積層体を加熱及び加圧して、前記塗膜中の前記銅粒子を焼結させ前記接合層を形成する焼成工程とを備え、
前記焼成工程においては、加熱開始温度から最高温度Tmに達するまでの加熱を漸増的に行うとともに、加圧開始圧力から最高圧力Pmに達するまでの加圧を漸増的に行い、且つ、加熱温度が200℃に達したときの圧力を15MPa以下とする、被接合体の接合方法。
(1)ペーストの調製
第1銅粒子(球状、DSEM50=0.16μm)と、第2銅粒子(扁平状、D50=4.2μm)と、ヘキシレングリコール(有機溶媒)と、ポリエチレングリコール(分子量300、有機溶媒)と、ビス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)イミノトリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メタン(還元剤)とを混合してペーストを調製した。
ペーストにおける第1銅粒子及び第2銅粒子の合計の含有割合は82%であり、有機溶媒の含有割合は17.9%であり、還元剤の含有割合は0.1%であった。第1銅粒子と第2銅粒子との質量比は、第1銅粒子:第2銅粒子=7:3とした。
銅からなる基板上にペーストを縦6.0mm、横6.0mm、厚み200μmのメタルマスクを用いて印刷し、矩形の塗膜を形成した。前記塗膜を大気雰囲気で110℃、20分で乾燥させた。
半導体パワーデバイスのモデル部材を想定して、Agめっきしたアルミナチップを用意した(縦5mm、横5mm、厚み0.5mm)。このアルミナチップのAgめっき面を乾燥後の塗膜上に載置し、0.8MPaの荷重を2秒間加え、第1被接合体、塗膜及び第2被接合体の順に積層された積層体を形成した。
積層体の初期温度40℃及び無加重状態(ただし自重を除く)から加熱及び加圧を同時に開始した。40℃から300℃までに要した時間は15秒であり、昇温速度は平均値で17.3℃/s、昇圧速度は1.3MPa/sとした。昇温及び昇圧は、時間の経過に対して直線的に行った。雰囲気は窒素ガス雰囲気とした。温度が200℃に達したときの圧力は8.7MPaであった。温度が最高温度Tmである300℃に達した時点で昇温を停止し、その後は300℃を維持した。温度が300℃に達した時点で圧力も最高圧力Pmである20MPaに達し、その後は20MPaを維持した。最高温度Tm及び最高圧力Pmに達してから10分後に加熱及び加圧を停止し、自然冷却して目的とする接合体を得た。
実施例1の「(4)積層体の加熱及び加圧」において、40℃から300℃までに要した時間を30秒とし、昇温速度を平均値で8.7℃/s、昇圧速度を1.3MPa/sとした。圧力が最高圧力Pmである20MPaに達した時点で昇圧を停止し、その後は最高圧力Pmを維持した。この時点で昇温は継続していた。温度が200℃に達したときの圧力は20MPaであった。温度が最高温度Tmである300℃に達した時点で昇温を停止し、その後は300℃を維持した。最高温度Tmに達してから10分後に加熱及び加圧を停止し、自然冷却して目的とする接合体を得た。
実施例1の「(4)積層体の加熱及び加圧」において、40℃から300℃までに要した時間を40秒とし、昇温速度を平均値で6.5℃/s、昇圧速度を1.3MPa/sとした。圧力が最高圧力Pmである20MPaに達した時点で昇圧を停止し、その後は最高圧力Pmを維持した。この時点で昇温は継続していた。温度が200℃に達したときの圧力は20MPaであった。温度が最高温度Tmである300℃に達した時点で昇温を停止し、その後は300℃を維持した。最高温度Tmに達してから10分後に加熱及び加圧を停止し、自然冷却して目的とする接合体を得た。
実施例及び比較例で得られた接合体の外観を目視観察し、フィレット部における欠陥の発生の有無を評価した。その結果、実施例1で得られた接合体のフィレット部にはクラックをはじめとする欠陥は観察されなかった。これに対して、比較例1及び比較例2で得られた接合体のフィレット部の角部にクラックが観察された。
Claims (10)
- 接合層を介して第1被接合体と第2被接合体とが接合されてなる接合体の製造方法であって、
銅粒子及び有機溶媒を含むペーストを前記第1被接合体に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜上に前記第2被接合体を載置して積層体を形成する工程と、
前記積層体を加熱及び加圧して、前記塗膜中の前記銅粒子を焼結させ前記接合層を形成する焼成工程とを備え、
前記焼成工程においては、加熱開始温度から最高温度Tmに達するまでの加熱を漸増的に行うとともに、加圧開始圧力から最高圧力Pmに達するまでの加圧を漸増的に行い、且つ、加熱温度が200℃に達したときの圧力を15MPa以下とする、接合体の製造方法。 - 前記塗膜上に前記第2被接合体を載置したときに、前記第2被接合体の周縁から前記塗膜が延出する寸法となるように、前記塗膜を塗布する、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記焼成工程においては、加熱が最高温度Tmに達した後に、加圧が最高圧力Pmに達するようにする、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 加熱開始温度から最高温度Tmに達するまでに10秒以上の定温過程を有さない、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 加圧開始圧力から最高圧力Pmに達するまでに10秒以上の定圧過程を有さない、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記最高温度Tmを200℃以上350℃以下とする、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記最高温度Tmに達したら、加熱温度を(Tm-30)℃以上Tm℃以下の範囲で一定に保つ、請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記最高圧力Pmを1MPa以上40MPa以下とする、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記最高圧力Pmに達したら、圧力を(Pm-5)MPa以上PmMPaの範囲で一定に保つ、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 接合層を介して第1被接合体と第2被接合体とを接合する被接合体の接合方法であって、
銅粒子及び有機溶媒を含むペーストを前記第1被接合体に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜上に前記第2被接合体を載置して積層体を形成する工程と、
前記積層体を加熱及び加圧して、前記塗膜中の前記銅粒子を焼結させ前記接合層を形成する焼成工程とを備え、
前記焼成工程においては、加熱開始温度から最高温度Tmに達するまでの加熱を漸増的に行うとともに、加圧開始圧力から最高圧力Pmに達するまでの加圧を漸増的に行い、且つ、加熱温度が200℃に達したときの圧力を15MPa以下とする、被接合体の接合方法。
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| CN202380020310.7A CN118648093A (zh) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-28 | 接合体的制造方法和被接合体的接合方法 |
| KR1020247026303A KR20240168928A (ko) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-28 | 접합체의 제조 방법 및 피접합체의 접합 방법 |
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| JP2017164782A (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 日東電工株式会社 | 接合体の製造方法 |
| JP2018110149A (ja) | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP2020164894A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-08 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 接合材、接合材の製造方法、接合方法、半導体装置 |
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| JP6915556B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2021-08-04 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 半導体モジュールの接合層、半導体モジュール及びその製造方法 |
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| JP2017164782A (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 日東電工株式会社 | 接合体の製造方法 |
| JP2018110149A (ja) | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP2020164894A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-08 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 接合材、接合材の製造方法、接合方法、半導体装置 |
| WO2022210477A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 接合構造体 |
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| TW202347528A (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
| KR20240168928A (ko) | 2024-12-02 |
| JPWO2023190573A1 (ja) | 2023-10-05 |
| CN118648093A (zh) | 2024-09-13 |
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