WO2023180227A1 - Polycarbonat-zusammensetzungen mit hohem cti - Google Patents
Polycarbonat-zusammensetzungen mit hohem cti Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023180227A1 WO2023180227A1 PCT/EP2023/057006 EP2023057006W WO2023180227A1 WO 2023180227 A1 WO2023180227 A1 WO 2023180227A1 EP 2023057006 W EP2023057006 W EP 2023057006W WO 2023180227 A1 WO2023180227 A1 WO 2023180227A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
- C08K5/526—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/5399—Phosphorus bound to nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/30—Applications used for thermoforming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
Definitions
- the invention relates to flame-retardant thermoplastic compositions based on polycarbonate with high tracking resistance.
- Polycarbonate offers many advantages over other thermoplastic polymers due to its high impact strength, high heat resistance and a certain inherent flame retardancy. Due to this unique property profile, polycarbonate compositions are suitable for a variety of different applications, e.g. in the area of electrical and electronic components. In particular, good insulating properties and high flame retardancy are essential safety-relevant basic requirements for the materials used in this area. In applications where the plastic is in direct contact with the electrical conductor tracks, a high level of resistance to leakage currents under voltage load is required so that short circuits and thus fire do not occur within the component.
- Tracking current resistance generally describes the resistance of a plastic material to environmental influences.
- the CTI value is a measure of the tendency of a plastic to form electrically conductive paths on the surface under environmental influences, such as moisture and dirt, and to promote the resulting electrical leakage currents.
- the higher the tracking resistance or tracking resistance (the CTI value) of a material the better it is suitable for use in high-voltage applications, e.g. in today's electromobility applications.
- Another advantage of materials with a high CTI value is the possibility that electrical conductor tracks in an electronic component can be closer together without risking a short circuit, which in turn enables the reduction of component dimensions and thus more compact designs and weight savings.
- polycarbonate In contrast to other thermoplastic polymers such as polystyrene, polyester, etc., polycarbonate itself has a very low tracking resistance and moderate flame retardancy. Because of the high proportion of aromatic structures, polycarbonate has a very high tendency to char. The CTI of pure polycarbonate is around 250 V or even lower (F. Acquasanta et al., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 96 (2011), 2098-2103). However, for numerous applications in the electrical/electrical sector (EE), e.g. in the field of electromobility, a high CTI, typically of 600 V (corresponding to the insulation material group PLC 0 according to EN 50124), of the materials used is required for safety reasons.
- EE electrical/electrical sector
- the materials must have a high level of flame retardancy, ie a VO classification according to UL 94V, especially with thin walls.
- Pure polycarbonate typically already has a certain intrinsic flame retardancy (V2 classification according to UL 94 V), but this is not sufficient for most applications in the renewable energy sector.
- V2 classification according to UL 94 V the intrinsic flame retardancy
- suitable flame retardants is necessary.
- halogenated sulfonates e.g. Rimar salt (potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate, C4 salt) or KSS salt (potassium diphenylsulfone-3-sulfonate)
- organic phosphates e.g.
- BDP bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate)
- RDP resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate)
- phosphazenes are used.
- the mechanism of action of these flame retardants is based on the formation of a solid, charred surface layer that interrupts the oxygen supply and thus inhibits the combustion process.
- the underlying effect for good tracking resistance is, among other things, a low tendency to form conductive paths on the surface. This is in direct contrast to the mechanism of action, “charring”, of surface-active flame retardants and therefore presents a particular challenge in the coordination of CTI and flame retardancy.
- the task was therefore to provide polycarbonate-based compositions which achieve a UL94 VO classification at 2 mm, particularly preferably at 1.5 mm, as well as a high tracking current resistance of at least 400 V, preferably of 600 V, preferably determined according to Rapid test method based on IEC 60112:2009. Due to the area of application and the heat development in EE components, the compositions should preferably also have good heat resistance, in particular a Vicat softening temperature, determined according to ISO 306:2014-3, VST Method B, of at least 105 ° C, particularly preferably from at least 108°C. In addition, the CTI should preferably be robust, i.e. at different operating voltages, not only at 600 V, but also at 300 V or 350 V, the high CTI should be reliably achieved.
- thermoplastic composition containing
- thermoplastic composition is free of flame retardants, selected from the group of alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts of aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid, sulfonamide and sulfonimide derivatives.
- the total amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in the composition according to the invention is 4 to 25% by weight.
- the components used may contain common impurities, which arise, for example, from their manufacturing processes. It is preferred to use components that are as pure as possible. It is further understood that these impurities can also be present in the closed formulation of the composition.
- the invention also relates to molded parts made from the thermoplastic compositions according to the invention, ie molded parts consisting of a thermoplastic composition according to the invention or comprising a region of a thermoplastic composition according to the invention.
- molded parts are in particular those in which the aforementioned property profile is particularly attractive, ie molded parts that are parts of components from the renewable energy sector, in particular high-voltage switches, inverters, relays, electronic connectors, electrical connectors, protective switches, components for photovoltaic applications, electric motors , heat sinks, chargers and plugs for electric vehicles, electrical connection boxes, smart meter housings, miniature circuit breakers, power busbars.
- the component is preferably designed for an operating voltage of at least 400 V.
- the material expediently used preferably has a tracking resistance of at least 600 V, determined as described above using the rapid test method based on IEC 60112:2009.
- compositions according to the invention show no significant leakage current (> 0.5 A over 2 s), whereby the Testing is preferably carried out using the rapid test procedure described in the description section based on IEC 60112:2009.
- the compositions according to the invention have a flame retardancy V0 according to UL 94 V with test specimen thicknesses of 2 mm.
- compositions preferably also have good heat resistance, which is reflected in a Vicat softening temperature, determined according to ISO 306:2014-3, VST Method B, of at least 105 ° C, more preferably at least 110 ° C ⁇ 2 °C, shows.
- the proportion of aromatic polycarbonate, preferably bisphenol A homopolycarbonate, in the resulting overall composition is preferably at least 68% by weight and the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in% by weight and the amount of phosphorus-containing Flame retardant in% by weight ⁇ 2.5 and the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in% by weight and the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene in% by weight ⁇ 20.
- Such a targeted use is also possible, for example, if a corresponding composition is used for an insulation layer that requires a CTI of 600 V due to the application.
- Such an insulation layer can be provided, for example, on an inverter as a layer to protect against external influences.
- standard insulation materials are those with a CTI of 600 V.
- the composition according to the invention can also be used as an insulation layer for other electrical components, for example transistors.
- the electrical components of a transistor are protected by overmolding with a high CTI plastic. The plastic protects the electrical components both from contact and from unwanted electrical interaction of adjacent metallic - such as a metallic heat sink - or electrical components. Due to the high heat generated during operation, transistors are often applied directly to a heat sink.
- the thermoplastic composition according to the invention which is introduced between the heat sink and the transistor, ensures safe operation.
- mounting brackets for power busbars which also require the use of materials with a high CTI.
- the mounting brackets essentially have two functions: fixing the busbars within the component group to prevent a change in position during operation, and acting as a spacer in order to be able to run several busbars in parallel, whereby the distance between the two rails must also be sufficiently large, to prevent air overflow.
- tracking on the surface of the mounting bracket between the power busbars, but also between the power busbar and other metal components, e.g. the screws for attaching the mounting brackets to the structure underneath must also be prevented.
- Mounting brackets with a high CTI can increase the component and energy density.
- Plugs for chargers or USB-C plugs have an increased risk because the current-carrying conductor tracks cannot be covered or sealed and are also exposed to contaminants such as sweat, moisture, tissue particles, dust and other materials.
- a material with a high CTI value is necessary to provide sufficient protection against tracking, but also to enable miniaturization or an increase in power density.
- Component A of the compositions according to the invention are aromatic polycarbonates.
- Aromatic polycarbonates in the context of the present invention are both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates and/or polyester carbonates; the polycarbonates can be known Be linear or branched. According to the invention, mixtures of polycarbonates can also be used.
- thermoplastic polycarbonates including the thermoplastic, aromatic polyester carbonates, preferably have weight-average molecular weights M w of 15,000 g/mol to 40,000 g/mol, more preferably up to 34,000 g/mol, particularly preferably from 17,000 g/mol to 33,000 g/mol, in particular from 19,000 g/mol to 32,000 g/mol, determined by gel permeation chromatography, calibrated against bisphenol A polycarbonate standards using dichloromethane as eluent, calibration with linear polycarbonates (from bisphenol A and phosgene) of known molar mass distribution from PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, Germany , calibration according to method 2301-0257502-09D (from 2009 in German) from Currenta GmbH & Co.
- the eluent is dichloromethane.
- the melt volume flow rate MVR of the aromatic polycarbonate used is preferably 5 to 35 cm 3 / (10 min), more preferably 6 cm 3 / ( 10 min) to 25 cm 3 /(10 min), even more preferably 6 to 21 cm 3 /(10 min).
- a portion, up to 80 mol%, preferably from 20 mol% to 50 mol%, of the carbonate groups in the polycarbonates used according to the invention can be replaced by aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester groups.
- aromatic polyester carbonates Such polycarbonates, which contain both acid residues of carbonic acid and acid residues of aromatic dicarboxylic acids built into the molecular chain, are referred to as aromatic polyester carbonates. In the context of the present invention, they are subsumed under the generic term of thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates.
- Aromatic polycarbonates are produced, for example, by reacting dihydroxyaryl compounds with carbonic acid halides, preferably phosgene, and/or with aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides, preferably benzene dicarboxylic acid dihalides, according to the Phase interface process, optionally using chain terminators and optionally using trifunctional or more than trifunctional branching agents. Production via a melt polymerization process by reacting dihydroxyaryl compounds with, for example, diphenyl carbonate is also possible.
- polyester carbonates some of the carbonic acid derivatives are replaced by aromatic dicarboxylic acids or derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, depending on the carbonate structural units to be replaced in the aromatic polycarbonates by aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester structural units.
- Dihydroxyaryl compounds suitable for the production of polycarbonates are those of the formula (1)
- Z is an aromatic radical with 6 to 30 carbon atoms, which can contain one or more aromatic nuclei, can be substituted and can contain aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radicals or alkyl aryls or heteroatoms as bridging members.
- Z in formula (1) preferably represents a radical of formula (2) in the
- R 6 and R 7 independently represent H, Ci- to Cis-alkyl, Ci- to Cis-alkoxy, halogen such as CI or Br or for optionally substituted aryl or aralkyl, preferably for H or Ci- to Cn-alkyl , particularly preferably H or Ci- to Cs-alkyl and very particularly preferably H or methyl, and
- X for a simple binding, -so-, -co-, -o, -s, ci-to-alkylene, C2 to CE-alky lides or C5- to CE-CYCLOALKYLIDEN, which with CI to CE -Alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, can be substituted, and also represents Ce- to Cn-arylene, which can optionally be fused with aromatic rings containing further heteroatoms.
- X preferably represents a single bond, C - to C 5 -alkylene, C - to C 5 -alkylidene, C - to C fi -
- dihydroxyaryl compounds are: dihydroxybenzenes, dihydroxydiphenyls, bis(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl)cycloalkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl)aryls, bis(hydroxyphenyl)ethers, bis(hydroxyphenyl) -ketones, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, l, l'-bis(hydroxyphenyl) diisopropylbenzenes and their core-alkylated and core-halogenated compounds.
- Dihydroxyaryl compounds suitable for the production of the polycarbonates are, for example, hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyls, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-alkanes, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-cycloalkanes, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfides, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-ethers, bis-( hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfones, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfoxides, a-a'-bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-diisopropylbenzenes, phthalimidines, derived from isatin or phenolphthalein derivatives, and their kemalkylated, kemarylated ones and nuclear halogenated compounds.
- Preferred dihydroxyaryl compounds are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (bisphenol A), 2,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane, l,l-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, dimethyl-bisphenol A, bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane, 2 ,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, bis-(3,5-di-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-sulfone, 2,4-bis-(3,5-dimethyl- 4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzene and 1, l-bis-(4-hydroxy
- dihydroxyaryl compounds are 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (bisphenol A), 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, 1,1-bis-(4 -hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane, l,l-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl and dimethyl-bisphenol A as well as the bisphenols of the formulas (I), (II ) and (III).
- bisphenol A 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane
- 2,2-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane 1,1-bis-(4 -hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane
- l,l-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl and dimethyl-bis
- dihydroxyaryl compounds are e.g. in US 3,028,635 A, US 2,999,835 A, US 3,148,172 A, US 2,991,273 A, US 3,271,367 A, US 4,982,014 A and US 2,999,846 A, in DE 1 570 703 A, DE 2063 050 A, DE 2 036 052 A, DE 2 211 956 A and DE 3 832 396 A, in FR 1 561 518 A, in the monograph “H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates , Interscience Publishers, New York 1964" and in JP 62039/1986 A, JP 62040/1986 A and JP 105550/1986 A.
- Suitable carbonic acid derivatives are, for example, phosgene or diphenyl carbonate.
- Suitable chain terminators that can be used in the production of polycarbonates are monophenols.
- Suitable monophenols are, for example, phenol itself, alkylphenols such as cresols, p-tert. -Butylphenol, cumylphenol and their mixtures.
- Preferred chain terminators are the phenols which have one or more atoms with C1 to C30 alkyl, are linear or branched, preferably unsubstituted, or substituted with tert-butyl. Particularly preferred chain terminators are phenol, cumylphenol and/or p-tert-butylphenol.
- the amount of chain terminator to be used is preferably 0.1 to 5 mol%, based on moles of dihydroxyaryl compounds used.
- the chain terminators can be added before, during or after the reaction with a carbonic acid derivative.
- Suitable branching agents are the tri- or more than trifunctional compounds known in polycarbonate chemistry, in particular those with three or more than three phenolic OH groups.
- Suitable branching agents are, for example, 1,3,5-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-benzene, 1,1,1-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane, tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethane, 2, 4-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl)-phenol, 2, 6-Bis-(2-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-4-methylphenol, 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propane, tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane, tetra-(4-(4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl)-phen-oxy)-methane and l,4-bis-((4',4" -dihydroxytriphenyl)-methyl)-benzene and 3,3-bis-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole.
- the branching agents can either be introduced with the dihydroxyaryl compounds and the chain terminators in the aqueous alkaline phase or dissolved in an organic solvent and added before phosgenation. In the case of the transesterification process, the branching agents are used together with the dihydroxyaryl compounds.
- Particularly preferred polycarbonates are the homopolycarbonate based on bisphenol A, the homopolycarbonate based on 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and the co-polycarbonates based on the two monomers bisphenol A and 1 ,l-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane or the two monomers bisphenol A and 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, as well as the dihydroxyaryl compounds of the formulas (I), (II) and/or (III) in which R' each represents Ci- to C4-alkyl, aralkyl or aryl, preferably methyl or phenyl, very particularly preferably methyl, derived homo- or copolycarbonates, in particular with bisphenol A.
- the aromatic polycarbonate very particularly preferably comprises a Bisphenol A based homopolycarbonate. Extremely preferred is the aromatic polycarbonate bisphenol A-based homopoly
- the total proportion of monomer units based on the formulas (I), (II), (III), 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl and/or bisphenol TMC in the copolycarbonate, if one is used, is preferably 0.1 - 88 mol -%, particularly preferably 1 - 86 mol%, very particularly preferably 5 - 84 mol% and in particular 10 - 82 mol% (based on the sum of the moles of dihydroxyaryl compounds used).
- the dihydroxyaryl compounds used, as well as all other chemicals and auxiliaries added to the synthesis, can be compared with those from their own synthesis, handling and storage be contaminated with impurities. However, it is desirable to work with raw materials that are as pure as possible.
- copolycarbonates for the production of which diphenols of the general formula (4a) were used: where
- R 5 is hydrogen or Ci- to C4-alkyl, Ci- to Cs-alkoxy, preferably hydrogen; Methoxy or methyl, stands,
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 each independently represent Ci- to C4-alkyl or Ce- to Cn-aryl, preferably methyl or phenyl,
- Y for a single bond, SO2-, -S-, -CO-, -O-, Ci- to Ce-alkylene, C2- to Ce-alkylidene, Ce- to Ci2-arylene, which optionally condenses with aromatic rings containing further heteroatoms can be or for a C5- to Ce-cycloalkylidene radical, which can be substituted one or more times with Ci- to C4-alkyl, preferably for a single bond, -O-, isopropylidene or for a C5- to Ce-cycloalkylidene radical, which is a - or can be substituted multiple times with C1 to C4 alkyl,
- V is oxygen, C2 to Ce alkylene or C3 to Ce alkylidene, preferably oxygen or Cs alkylene
- Z represents a Ci - to Ce-alkylene, preferably Cs-alkylene, o represents an average number of repeating units of 10 to 500, preferably 10 to 100, and m represents an average number of repeating units of 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1.5 to 5. It is also possible to use diphenols in which two or more siloxane blocks of the general formula (4a) are linked to one another via terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid to form ester groups.
- R2 independently of each other for aryl or alkyl, preferably for methyl
- X for a single binding, -o2-, -co-, -o-, -s, ci-to-alkylene, C2 to CS alkylidi or for CE to CN aryles, which may be contained with other heteroatomes Rings can be condensed,
- X preferred for simple binding, CI to CS alkylene, C2 to CS alkylidi, CS to CI2-Cycloal- Kyliden, -O, -SO-, -S, -SO2-, especially preferred where is an average number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and particularly preferably from 1.5 to 5.
- the siloxane block can also preferably be derived from the following structure
- At least two identical or different siloxane blocks of the general formulas (IV), (V) or (VI) are linked to one another via terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid to form ester groups.
- Copolycarbonates with monomer units of the formula (4a) and in particular their production are described in WO 2015/052106 A2.
- Copolycarbonates with monomer units of the formula (IV) and in particular their production are described in WO 2015/052106 A2.
- Aromatic dicarboxylic acids suitable for the production of the polyester carbonates are, for example, orthophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, tert-butylisophthalic acid, 3,3'-diphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid, 3,4'-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis-(4-carboxyphenyl )-propane, trimethyl-3-phenylindane-4,5'-dicarboxylic acid.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid are particularly preferably used.
- dicarboxylic acids are the dicarboxylic acid dihalides and the dicarboxylic acid dialkyl esters, in particular the dicarboxylic acid dichlorides and the dicarboxylic acid dimethyl esters.
- the carbonate groups are replaced by the aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester groups essentially stoichiometrically and quantitatively, so that the molar ratio of the reactants is also reflected in the finished polyester carbonate.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester groups can be incorporated either randomly or in blocks.
- compositions according to the invention contain at least 68% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight of aromatic polycarbonate, and are therefore based on aromatic polycarbonate.
- the aromatic polycarbonate according to component A preferably comprises bisphenol A homopolycarbonate. Particularly preferred is the polycarbonate bisphenol A homopolycarbonate.
- Component B is (meth)acrylate copolymer. It goes without saying that it can be just one (meth)acrylate copolymer or a mixture of different (meth)acrylate copolymers. Component B does not include polymers that contain polyalkyl (meth)acrylate as part of a graft polymer. The polyalkyl (meth)acrylate is preferably a linear polymer.
- the (meth)acrylate copolymer according to component B preferably has a weight-average molecular weight of 5000 to 30,000 g/mol, more preferably 10,000 to 25,000 g/mol, determined by gel permeation chromatography in tetrahydrofuran with PMMA calibration.
- the stated weight-average molecular weight refers to the entire (meth)acrylate copolymer contained in the composition according to the invention, i.e. possibly to a mixture of different (meth)acrylate copolymers.
- the (meth)acrylate copolymer has aromatic (meth)acrylate units (bl) and also methyl methacrylate units (b2) in a weight ratio (bl/b2) of (5 to 80 wt.%)/(20 to 95 wt.%), very particularly preferably in a weight ratio (bl/b2) of (5 to 20 wt.%)/(80 up to 95% by weight, whereby the information relates to the total weight of the (meth)acrylate copolymer.
- “(meth)acrylate” means an acrylate or a methacrylate.
- Aromatic (meth)acrylate which forms the units bl, is a (meth)acrylate that carries an aromatic group in its ester group. Such a (meth)acrylate can be used alone or in a mixture with other aromatic (meth)acrylates.
- aromatic (meth)acrylates are phenyl (meth)acrylate and benzyl (meth)acrylate, which are preferred aromatic (meth)acrylates according to the invention.
- Phenyl (meth)acrylate is particularly preferably used for units b1, particularly preferably exclusively.
- the units b2 are formed by methyl methacrylate.
- the proportion of component B in the compositions according to the invention is 4% by weight to 25% by weight, preferably 5% by weight to 22% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight, even more preferably up to 15% by weight % by weight, very particularly preferably 5% by weight to 10% by weight, based on the total composition.
- Component C of the compositions according to the invention is a phosphorus-containing flame retardant. It can be a single phosphorus-containing flame retardant, but also a mixture of different phosphorus-containing flame retardants.
- Preferred phosphorus-containing flame retardants are cyclic phosphazenes, phosphorus compounds of the formula (10) and mixtures thereof:
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 independently of one another represent a C to C alkyl radical, each optionally halogenated and each branched or unbranched, and/or C5 to Ce cycloalkyl radical, Ce to C20 aryl radical or C7 to Ci 2-aralkyl radical, each optionally substituted by branched or unbranched alkyl and/or halogen, preferably chlorine and/or bromine, n independently 0 or 1, q a value from 0 to 30 and X A single or multi-chemical remnant with 6 to 30 C atoms or a linear or branched aliphatic rest with 2 to 30 C atoms, which can be substituted or unsubstituted, bridged or unbridged.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are preferably independently branched or unbranched C1 to C4 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or phenyl substituted with C1 to C4 alkyl.
- aromatic groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and/or R 4 these in turn can be substituted with halogen and/or alkyl groups, preferably chlorine, bromine and/or C1 to C4 alkyl, branched or unbranched.
- Particularly preferred aryl radicals are cresyl, phenyl, xylenyl, propylphenyl or butylphenyl and the corresponding brominated and chlorinated derivatives thereof.
- X in formula (10) is preferably derived from dihydroxyaryl compounds.
- X in formula (10) is particularly preferably
- Xiii (XiV) or their chlorinated and/or brominated derivatives.
- X (with the adjacent oxygen atoms) is preferably derived from hydroquinone, bisphenol A or diphenylphenol.
- X is also preferably derived from resorcinol.
- X is particularly preferably derived from bisphenol A.
- n in formula (10) is preferably equal to 1.
- q is preferably 0 to 20, particularly preferably 0 to 10, in the case of mixtures for average values of 0.8 to 5.0, preferably 1.0 to 3.0, more preferably 1.05 to 2.00 and particularly preferably from 1.08 to 1.60.
- a compound of the formula (11) is preferred: wherein
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a linear or branched Ci to Cs alkyl radical and/or optionally linear or branched alkyl-substituted C5 to Ce cycloalkyl radical, Ce to Cio aryl radical or C7 - to Cn-aralkyl radical, n independently 0 or 1, q independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,
- N is a number between 1 and 30,
- Ci to Cy alkylidcn.
- a linear or branched Ci to Cy alkyl group C5- to Cn-cycloalkylene residue, C5- to Cn-cycloalkylidene residue, -O-, -S-, -SO-, SO2 or -CO- mean.
- Phosphorus compounds of the formula (10) are in particular tributyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate, diphenyl octyl phosphate, diphenyl-2-ethyl cresyl phosphate, tri-(isopropylphenyl) phosphate, resorcinol-bridged oligophosphate and bisphenol A-bridged oligophosphate.
- the specified q-value is the average q-value.
- the average q value is determined by determining the composition of the phosphorus compound mixture (molecular weight distribution) using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 40°C in a mixture of acetonitrile and water (50:50) and then calculating the average values for q .
- Such phosphorus compounds are known (cf. e.g. EP 0 363 608 A1, EP 0 640 655 A2) or can be produced in an analogous manner using known methods (e.g. Ullmann's encyclopedia). technical chemistry, vol. 18, p. 301 ff., 1979; Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 12/1, p. 43; Beilstein Vol. 6, p. 177).
- organophosphate is used as a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, 2 to 8% by weight is preferably used.
- cyclic phosphazenes according to formula (13) can be used as component C:
- R is each the same or different and for
- Ci an optionally halogenated, preferably halogenated with fluorine, more preferably monohalogenated, Ci to Cs alkyl radical, preferably methyl radical, ethyl radical, propyl radical or butyl radical,
- Ci to Cs alkoxy radical preferably a methoxy radical, ethoxy radical, propoxy radical or butoxy radical
- Ce to C2o aryloxy radical optionally substituted by alkyl, preferably C1 to C4 alkyl, and/or halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine, and/or hydroxy, preferably phenoxy radical, naphthyloxy radical,
- a C7 to Cn aralkyl radical preferably phenyl-Ci to C4 alkyl radical, optionally substituted by alkyl, preferably C1 to C4 alkyl, and/or halogen, preferably chlorine and/or bromine, or
- halogen residue preferably chlorine or fluorine
- k for an integer from 1 to 10, preferably for a number from 1 to 8, particularly preferred
- phosphazenes are particularly preferred according to the invention. These are usually mixtures of cycles of different ring sizes. Further preferred, both individually and in mixtures, are: propoxyphosphazene, phenoxyphosphazene, methylphenoxyphosphazene, aminophosphazene, fluoroalkylphosphazene and phosphazene of the following structures:
- the phosphazenes can be used alone or as a mixture.
- the radical R can always be the same or two or more radicals in the formulas can be different.
- the radicals R of a phosphazene are preferably identical.
- the proportion of oligomers with k > 8 is preferably from 0 to 2.0 mol%, based on component B, and preferably from 0.10 to 1.00 mol%.
- the phosphazenes of component C meet all three of the aforementioned conditions with regard to the proportions of oligomers.
- n defined as the arithmetic mean of k, is in the range from 1.10 to 1.75, preferably from 1.15 to 1.50, more preferably from 1.20 to 1.45, and especially preferably from 1.20 to 1.40 (range limits included).
- the oligomer compositions in the respective blend samples can be detected and quantified using 31 P-NMR (chemical shift; 5 trimer: 6.5 to 10.0 ppm; 5 tetramer: -10 to -13.5 ppm; 5 higher oligomers: -16.5 to -25.0 ppm).
- the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is a phosphazene, preferably 2% by weight to 8% by weight, more preferably 4 to 8% by weight, are used.
- component C comprises bisphenol-A-based oligophosphate according to formula (12) and/or cyclic phosphazene according to formula (13), most preferably component C is bisphenol-A-based oligophosphate according to formula (12) and/or cyclic phosphazene according to Formula (13).
- the proportion of phosphorus-containing flame retardant in the compositions according to the invention is 2% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably 2% by weight to 8% by weight, particularly preferably up to 6% by weight, very particularly preferably up to ⁇ 5 % by weight, extremely preferably up to 4% by weight, based on the total composition. As the proportion of phosphorus-containing flame retardant increases, the Vicat temperature decreases significantly.
- compositions according to the invention contain as component D a fluorine-containing anti-dripping agent containing polytetrafluoroethylene, which can be a mixture of several anti-dripping agents.
- the total amount of anti-dripping agent (anti-dripping agent) is 0.25% by weight to 2% by weight, preferably 0.4% by weight to 1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5% by weight to 1% by weight. 0% by weight of at least one anti-dripping agent.
- the fluorinated polyolefins preferably used as anti-dripping agents are high molecular weight and have glass transition temperatures of over -30 ° C, generally over 100 ° C, fluorine contents preferably of 65% by weight to 76% by weight, in particular from 70 to 76% by weight. -%.
- Preferred fluorinated polyolefins are polytetrafluoroethylene, which is included in every case, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene and ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers.
- the fluorinated polyolefins are known (see “Vinyl and Related Polymers” by Schildknecht, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1962, pages 484-494; “Fluorpolymers” by Wall, Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, Volume 13, 1970, pages 623-654; "Modem Plastics Encyclopedia", 1970-1971, Volume 47, No. 10 A, October 1970, Me Graw-Hill, Inc., New York, page 134 and 774; "Modem Plastics Encyclopedia", 1975-1976, October 1975, Volume 52, No.
- the density of the fluorinated polyolefins can be between 1.2 and 2.3 g/cm 3 , preferably 2.0 g/cm 3 to 2.3 g/cm 3 'determined according to ISO 1183-1 (2019-09) , the average particle size is between 0.05 and 1000 pm, determined using light microscopy or white light interferometry.
- Suitable tetrafluoroethylene polymer powders are commercially available products and are offered, for example, by the DuPont company under the trade name Teflon®.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene is particularly preferably used as such, but also in the form of a PTFE-containing composition, as a fluorine-containing anti-drip agent. If a PTFE-containing composition is used, the minimum amount used is preferably such that at least 0.15% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.25% by weight, of PTFE is contained in the overall composition.
- the PTFE-containing compositions include Hostaflon® TF2021 or PTFE blends such as Blendex® B449 (approx. 50% by weight PTFE and approx. 50% by weight SAN [made from 80% by weight styrene and 20% by weight % acrylonitrile]) from Chemtura. Very particular preference is given to using PTFE or a PTFE/SAN blend as the fluorine-containing anti-dripping agent; the fluorine-containing anti-drip agent is extremely preferred: PTFE or PTFE/SAN.
- polycarbonate compositions according to the invention can contain one or more additional additives different from components B, C and D, which are summarized here under “component E”.
- the group of further additives does not include a phosphorus-containing flame retardant according to component C.
- the group of further additives in particular does not include a fluorine-containing anti-drip agent, since this is already described as component D.
- Such other additives are thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, UV absorbers, IR absorbers, impact modifiers, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, light scattering agents, hydrolysis stabilizers, transesterification stabilizers, (organic) dyes, (organic/inorganic) pigments , also comprising carbon black and titanium dioxide, compatibilizers and/or additives for laser marking, in particular in the usual amounts for polycarbonate-based compositions.
- Such additives are described, for example, in EP 0 839 623 Al, WO 96/15102 Al, EP 0 500 496 Al or in the “Plastics Additives Handbook”, Hans Doubt, 5th Edition 2000, Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff. These additives can be added individually or in a mixture.
- further additives are only one or more further additives selected from the group consisting of thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, organic dyes, organic pigments, inorganic pigments.
- At least one thermal stabilizer, an antioxidant and/or a mold release agent is included as a further additive.
- compositions according to the invention can contain other flame retardants, but are free of those selected from the group of alkali, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts of aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid, sulfonamide, sulfonimide derivatives and combinations of these, under “Derivatives “Compounds are understood to be those whose molecular structure has another atom or another group of atoms in place of an H atom or a functional group or in which one or more atoms/groups of atoms have been removed. The root connection is therefore still recognizable.
- Such flame retardants which are not contained in compositions according to the invention, are in particular one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sodium or potassium perfluorobutane sulfate, sodium or potassium perfluoromethanesulfonate, sodium or potassium perfluorooctane sulfate, sodium or potassium 2,5-dichlorobenzene sulfate , sodium or potassium - 2,4,5-trichlorobenzene sulfate, sodium or potassium diphenylsulfonulfonate, sodium or potassium 2-formylbenzenesulfonate, sodium or potassium (N-benzenesulfonyl) benzenesulfonamide or their Mixtures, particularly preferably sodium or potassium perfluorobutane sulfate, sodium or potassium perfluorooctane sulfate, sodium or potassium diphenyl sulfone sulfonate or mixtures thereof, in particular potassium perfluoro-1-butane
- Additives that are particularly preferably included are mold release agents, more preferably based on a fatty acid ester, even more preferably based on a stearic acid ester, particularly preferably based on pentaerythritol.
- Pentaerythritol tetrastearate (PETS) and/or glycerol monostearate (GMS) are particularly preferably used.
- the amount is preferably up to 1.0% by weight (inclusive), more preferably 0.01 to 0.7% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.60% by weight. %, based on the total composition.
- thermal stabilizers are also thermal stabilizers.
- the amount of thermal stabilizer is preferably up to 0.20% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 0.15% by weight, even more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.025 to 0. 09% by weight, based on the total composition.
- Phosphorus-based stabilizers selected from the group of phosphates, phosphites, phosphonites, phosphines and mixtures thereof, are particularly suitable as thermal stabilizers.
- thermal stabilizers examples are triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl alkyl phosphite, phenyldialkyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (Irgafos® 168), diisodecyl pentaerythritol oldiphosphite, bis(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyljpentaerythritol diphosphite
- Irganox® B900 mixture of Irgafos® 168 and Irganox® 1076 (antioxidant) in a ratio of 4: 1) or Doverphos® S-9228 with Irganox® B900 or Irganox® 1076 .
- Triphenylphosphine (TPP), Irgafos® 168 or tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite or mixtures thereof are particularly preferred.
- phenolic antioxidants such as alkylated monophenols, alkylated thioalkylphenols, hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones can be used.
- Irganox® 1010 penentaerythritol 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) propionate; CAS: 6683-19-8) and Irganox 1076® (octadecyl-3-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) is used, preferably in amounts of 0.01 - 0.5% by weight.
- alkyl phosphates e.g. B. mono-, di- and/or trihexyl phosphate, triisoctyl phosphate and/or trinonyl phosphate
- the preferred alkyl phosphate used is triisooctyl phosphate (tris-2-ethyl-hexyl phosphate). Mixtures of different mono-, di- and trialkyl phosphates can also be used.
- Triisooctyl phosphate is preferred in amounts of 0.003% by weight to 0.05% by weight, more preferably 0.005% by weight to 0.04% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.03% % by weight, based on the total composition.
- compositions according to the invention already have an excellent property profile without additional impact modifiers. Compositions according to the invention are therefore preferably free of impact modifiers.
- compositions preferred according to the invention consist of
- one or more further additives selected from the group consisting of one or more mold release agents, thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, dyes, pigments, UV absorbers, IR absorbers, impact modifiers, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, hydrolysis stabilizers, transesterification stabilizers, compatibilizers, additives for laser marking and their mixtures, whereby the wt.% information relates to the overall composition and where the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in wt.% and the amount of phosphorus-containing flame retardant in wt.% is ⁇ 2.5 and the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in wt. -% and the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene in% by weight is ⁇ 20.
- compositions which are particularly preferred according to the invention consist of:
- one or more further additives selected from the group consisting of one or more mold release agents, thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, dyes, pigments, UV absorbers, IR absorbers, impact modifiers, optical brighteners, hydrolysis stabilizers, Transesterification stabilizers, compatibil
- compositions which are particularly preferred according to the invention consist of:
- E) 0 to 5% by weight of one or more further additives, selected from the group consisting of one or more mold release agents, thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, dyes, pigments and mixtures thereof, the % by weight being based on the overall composition relate and where the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in% by weight and the amount of phosphorus-containing flame retardant in% by weight is ⁇ 2.5 and the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in % by weight and the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene in% by weight is ⁇ 20.
- the preferred phosphorus-containing flame retardant is either an organophosphate, in particular one of the formula (12),
- Phosphazene of formula (13g) with k 1, 2 or 3, including mixtures thereof. It goes without saying that this is preferably a mixture of different oligomers of this formula, since mixtures are usually available commercially.
- the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is very particularly preferably one of the formula (12) or (13g), as defined above.
- the polymer compositions according to the invention containing the mixed components A, B, C, D and, if appropriate, E, can be prepared using powder premixes. Premixes of granules or granules and powders with the additives according to the invention can also be used. It is also possible to use premixes which have been prepared from solutions of the mixture components in suitable solvents, optionally homogenizing in solution and then removing the solvent.
- the additives of the compositions according to the invention referred to as component E, can be introduced by known processes or as a masterbatch. The use of masterbatches is particularly preferred for introducing additives and other components, with masterbatches based on the respective polymer matrix being used in particular.
- compositions according to the invention can, for example, be extruded. After extrusion, the extrudate can be cooled and crushed. The combining and mixing of a premix in the melt can also be done in the plasticizing unit injection molding machine. In the subsequent step, the melt is transferred directly into a shaped body.
- Compositions according to the invention are preferably used for the production of molded parts for components from the renewable energy sector, in particular for high-voltage switches, inverters, relays, electronic connectors, electrical connectors, circuit breakers, components for photovoltaic applications, electric motors, heat sinks, chargers or charging plugs for electric vehicles , electrical junction boxes, smart meter housings, miniature circuit breakers; Bus bars.
- the invention therefore also includes molded parts which are part of a corresponding component. “Part of a” means that it can be an individual element of a complex product, a group of components, but it can also be the entire element, as is conceivable in the case of “electronic connectors”.
- a molded part in the sense of the invention is also an insulating layer made of the composition according to the invention.
- This can, for example, be provided on an inverter as a layer to protect against external influences.
- standard insulation materials are those with a CTI of 600 V.
- the composition according to the invention can also be used as an insulation layer for other electrical components, for example transistors.
- the insulation layer creates, for example, a secure barrier between the transistor and a metallic heat sink.
- the component is preferably designed for an operating voltage of at least 400 V. However, it can also be designed for a normal household operating voltage of 230 V ⁇ 23 V in Europe, although smaller distances between the electrical conductors can now be achieved.
- the molded part is used in such a way that it itself must have a tracking resistance of at least 600 V, determined as described above.
- the invention therefore relates to molded parts, consisting of or comprising regions of compositions according to the invention, as well as corresponding components, comprising elements, i.e. molded parts, which consist of compositions according to the invention or comprise regions consisting of compositions according to the invention.
- the high tracking resistance of the polycarbonate compositions according to the invention makes it possible to achieve smaller distances between two electrical conductors of a component using the polycarbonate material than was previously possible when using polycarbonate.
- Such small lower limits for the distances between the electrical conductors can only be achieved with a material that has at least a CTI of 600 V. Even the upper range of these low distance ranges can only be achieved if the material used has at least a CTI of 400 V.
- d2 is within the Bachmann's ability. d2 is preferably at least 1.2 mm.
- element made from a thermoplastic composition according to the invention means here that an element is present which consists of a thermoplastic composition according to the invention.
- Thermoplastic compositions preferred according to the invention belong to insulating material group I (600 V ⁇ CTI), classified according to DIN EN 60664-1.
- the EE component according to the invention is preferably used for EE assemblies that are designed for an operating voltage of at least 400 V, possibly also 600 V. Corresponding EE assemblies are therefore also the subject of the invention.
- further additives selected from the group consisting of one or more mold release agents, thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, dyes, pigments, UV absorbers, IR absorbers, impact modifiers, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, hydrolysis stabilizers, transesterification stabilizers, compatible speed mediators, additives for laser marking and mixtures thereof, whereby the percentages by weight refer to the overall composition and where the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in%
- thermoplastic composition is free of flame retardants selected from the group of alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts of aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid, sulfonamide and sulfonimide derivatives.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently of one another a linear or branched C to C alkyl radical and/or optionally linear or branched alkyl-substituted Cs to Ce cycloalkyl radical, Ce to Cio aryl radical or C7 - to Cn-aralkyl radical, n independently 0 or 1, q independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,
- N is a number between 1 and 30,
- Ci to Cy alkylidcn.
- a linear or branched Ci to Cy alkyl group Cs- to Cn-cycloalkylene residue, Cs- to Cn-cycloalkylidene residue, -O-, -S-, -SO-, SO2 or -CO- mean.
- composition according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the composition contains 5 to 20% by weight of (meth)acrylate copolymer.
- composition according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the composition contains 0.3% by weight to 1.0% by weight of mold release agent.
- composition according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the composition contains a total of 0.02 to 0.15% by weight of thermal stabilizer and / or antioxidant.
- component B has a weight-average molecular weight, determined by gel permeation chromatography in tetrahydrofuran under PMMA calibration, of 5,000 to 300,000 g/mol.
- component B has a weight-average molecular weight, determined by gel permeation chromatography in tetrahydrofuran under PMMA calibration, of 10,000 to 25,000 g/mol.
- thermoplastic composition according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the thermoplastic composition in addition to components A, B, C and D as Component E contains only one or more thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, dyes, pigments and mixtures thereof.
- Molded part consisting of or comprising a region of a thermoplastic composition according to one of the preceding embodiments.
- molding is part of a high-voltage switch, inverter, relay, electronic connector, electrical connector, circuit breaker, a photovoltaic system, an electric motor, a heat sink, a charger for electric vehicles, an electrical connection box, a smart meter housing, a miniature circuit breaker, a power busbar.
- dli(0V ⁇ U ⁇ 250V) 1.3 mm to ⁇ 1.8 mm
- dlii(250 V ⁇ U ⁇ 500 V) 2.5 mm to ⁇ 3.6 mm
- dliii(500 V ⁇ U ⁇ 1000 V) 5.0 mm to ⁇ 7.1 mm.
- EE component designed for an operating voltage of at least 400 V, preferably at least 500 V, particularly preferably at least 600 V.
- EE component according to one of embodiments 20 to 25, wherein the EE component is part of a high-voltage switch, inverter, a relay, electronic connector, electrical connector, circuit breaker, a photovoltaic system, an electric motor, a heat sink, a charger or charging plug for electric vehicles, an electrical connection box, a smart meter housing, a miniature circuit breaker, a power busbar.
- % preferably 2 to 8 wt where the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in wt.% and the amount of phosphorus-containing flame retardant in wt.% is ⁇ 2.5 and the ratio of the amount of (meth)acrylate copolymer in wt. -% and the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene in wt.% is ⁇ 20, to achieve a CTI of 600V and a UL94 VO classification at 2 mm for a thermoplastic, polycarbonate-based composition.
- EE assembly comprising an EE component according to one of embodiments 20 to 26, wherein the EE assembly has a protection class IP6K9K according to ISO 20653:2013-02.
- Component A-2 Linear polycarbonate based on bisphenol A with a melt volume flow rate of 6 cm 3 /(10 min) (according to ISO 1133:2012-03, at a test temperature of 300 ° C and 1.2 kg load).
- Component B-l (meth)acrylate copolymer, trade name Metabien H-881 from Mitsubishi Rayon, containing approximately 10% by weight of aromatic acrylate component.
- Component C-3* Potassium perfluoro-1-butane sulfonate, commercially available as Bayowet® C4 from Lanxess AG, Leverkusen, Germany, CAS no. 29420-49-3.
- Component Dl SAN-encapsulated polytetrafluoroethylene ADS5000 (approx. 50% by weight PTFE (fluorine-containing anti-drip agent) and approx. 50% by weight SAN) from Chemical Innovation Co., Ltd. Thailand.
- Component D-2 Polytetrafluoroethylene Teflon CFP6000X from Chemours Netherlands B.V.
- Component E-l mold release agent.
- Pentaerythritol tetrastearate commercially available as Loxiol VPG 861 from Emery Oleochemicals Group.
- Component E-2 Mixture of thermal stabilizer and antioxidant.
- Irganox® B900 from BASF mixture of Irgafos® 168 (tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and Irganox® 1076 (octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-propionate) in a weight ratio of 4: 1).
- Irganox® B900 from BASF (mixture of Irgafos® 168 (tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite) and Irganox® 1076 (octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl )-propionate) in a weight ratio of 4: 1).
- Irganox® B900 from BASF mixture of Irgafo
- compositions described here were tested using the tendon test method based on IEC 60112:2009.
- a 0.1% ammonium chloride test solution (395 ohm*cm resistance) was applied dropwise between two adjacent electrodes at a distance of 4 mm onto the surface of test specimens measuring 60 mm x 40 mm x 4 mm at an interval of 30 seconds applied.
- a test voltage was applied between the electrodes, which was varied over the course of the test.
- the first test specimen was tested at a starting voltage of 300 V or 350 V.
- a total of a maximum of 50 drops (one drop every 30s) per voltage was applied as long as no leakage current > 0.5 A occurred over 2s or the sample burned.
- the PTI is tested based on IEC 60112:2009 - modified as described below.
- a 0.1% ammonium chloride test solution (395 ohm*cm resistance) was used.
- a total of a maximum of 50 drops were applied per test specimen, as long as no leakage current > 0.5A occurred over 2s or the sample burned.
- the flame retardancy test of the polycarbonate compositions was carried out according to the Underwriter Laboratory method UL 94 V at a thickness of 2 mm.
- the specified flammability class results from the individual tests after 48h and 168h of standard conditioning.
- Different fire classes are assigned depending on the behavior of the test specimens. These include the time until the flame goes out, resistance to dripping and whether a material drips while it is burning.
- the classes determined here are designated V0, VI and V2 and are determined on the basis of a total of five tested test specimens.
- V0 The test specimen, which is positioned with its longitudinal axis 180° (vertical) to the flame, has an average afterburning time after removal of the flame of no more than 10s and does not produce any dripping plastic particles that ignite a cotton wool located under the test specimen.
- the total afterburning time of five test specimens, each flamed twice, is a maximum of 50s.
- VI In contrast to V0, the average maximum afterburning time here is ⁇ 30s, although here too no particles are allowed to drip off and ignite the cotton.
- V2 In contrast to V0 and VI, this classification produces dripping plastic particles that ignite the cotton wool.
- the individual afterburning times are ⁇ 30s and the total afterburning time of 5 test specimens, each flamed twice, is ⁇ 250s.
- n.b. The test does not provide a flame retardancy classification if the afterburning times are exceeded.
- the heat resistance of the compositions was determined using the Vicat softening temperature (method B, test force 50N, heating rate 50 K/h) on test specimens with dimensions of 80 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm in accordance with ISO 306:2014-3. 2. Preparation of the test specimens
- compositions were produced on a 25 mm twin-screw extruder from Coperion with a throughput of 20 kg/h.
- the temperatures of the polymer melt in the extruder were between 260-280 ° C with an average screw speed of 225 rpm.
- test specimens with dimensions of 60 mm x 40 mm x 4 mm were produced from the molding compounds using standard injection molding processes at a mass temperature of 280 ° C and a mold temperature of 80 ° C.
- n.g means: “not tested” and “n.b.”: “failed”.
- the note “*” means: “taken from UL Yellow Card.”
- Tables 1 - 3 include polycarbonate compositions with 5 - 20% by weight of polymethacrylate copolymer Bl. Even small amounts of component Bl surprisingly lead to a significant improvement in the tracking resistance of the polycarbonate with intrinsically poor tracking resistance (cf. V- 2 with V-3).
- the fact that this composition has a robust tracking resistance is shown by the PTI tests passed in the medium voltage range of 300 - 350 V. This range is particularly critical and is usually the reason for failure in the CTI test. If a material can successfully pass this voltage range, the probability of a high CTI of, for example, 600 V is very high. However, a VO classification according to UL94 at 2 mm can only be achieved by adding additional flame retardants and anti-drip agents (E-4 to E-6).
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020247031352A KR20240164521A (ko) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-20 | 높은 cti를 갖는 폴리카르보네이트 조성물 |
| US18/850,124 US20250206945A1 (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-20 | Polycarbonate Compositions Having a High CTI |
| JP2024556391A JP2025510772A (ja) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-20 | 高ctiを有するポリカーボネート組成物 |
| EP23712025.8A EP4499749A1 (de) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-20 | Polycarbonat-zusammensetzungen mit hohem cti |
| CN202380030098.2A CN118922498A (zh) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-20 | 具有高cti的聚碳酸酯组合物 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP22164390.1 | 2022-03-25 | ||
| EP22164390 | 2022-03-25 |
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| WO2023180227A1 true WO2023180227A1 (de) | 2023-09-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2023/057006 Ceased WO2023180227A1 (de) | 2022-03-25 | 2023-03-20 | Polycarbonat-zusammensetzungen mit hohem cti |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250206945A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4499749A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025510772A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20240164521A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118922498A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023180227A1 (de) |
Citations (32)
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| US2393967A (en) | 1942-12-24 | 1946-02-05 | Du Pont | Process for polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene |
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| US2999835A (en) | 1959-01-02 | 1961-09-12 | Gen Electric | Resinous mixture comprising organo-polysiloxane and polymer of a carbonate of a dihydric phenol, and products containing same |
| US2999846A (en) | 1956-11-30 | 1961-09-12 | Schnell Hermann | High molecular weight thermoplastic aromatic sulfoxy polycarbonates |
| US3028635A (en) | 1959-04-17 | 1962-04-10 | Schlumberger Cie N | Advancing screw for gill box |
| US3148172A (en) | 1956-07-19 | 1964-09-08 | Gen Electric | Polycarbonates of dihydroxyaryl ethers |
| US3271367A (en) | 1955-03-26 | 1966-09-06 | Bayer Ag | Thermoplastic polycarbonates of dihydroxydiarylene sulfones and their preparation |
| FR1561518A (de) | 1967-03-10 | 1969-03-28 | ||
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| DE1961668A1 (de) | 1968-12-06 | 1970-06-18 | Philips Nv | Wellenlaufzeitvorrichtung |
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| US3671487A (en) | 1971-05-05 | 1972-06-20 | Gen Electric | Glass reinforced polyester resins containing polytetrafluoroethylene and flame retardant additives |
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| CN109370190A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-22 | 金旸(厦门)新材料科技有限公司 | 一种薄壁型高cti值阻燃聚碳酸酯共混物及其制备方法 |
| WO2020108922A1 (de) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-04 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Sicopc blend enthaltend phosphazen und silikon/acrylat schlagzähmodifikator |
-
2023
- 2023-03-20 US US18/850,124 patent/US20250206945A1/en active Pending
- 2023-03-20 JP JP2024556391A patent/JP2025510772A/ja active Pending
- 2023-03-20 WO PCT/EP2023/057006 patent/WO2023180227A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-20 EP EP23712025.8A patent/EP4499749A1/de active Pending
- 2023-03-20 KR KR1020247031352A patent/KR20240164521A/ko active Pending
- 2023-03-20 CN CN202380030098.2A patent/CN118922498A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US2393967A (en) | 1942-12-24 | 1946-02-05 | Du Pont | Process for polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene |
| US3271367A (en) | 1955-03-26 | 1966-09-06 | Bayer Ag | Thermoplastic polycarbonates of dihydroxydiarylene sulfones and their preparation |
| US2991273A (en) | 1956-07-07 | 1961-07-04 | Bayer Ag | Process for manufacture of vacuum moulded parts of high molecular weight thermoplastic polycarbonates |
| US3148172A (en) | 1956-07-19 | 1964-09-08 | Gen Electric | Polycarbonates of dihydroxyaryl ethers |
| US2999846A (en) | 1956-11-30 | 1961-09-12 | Schnell Hermann | High molecular weight thermoplastic aromatic sulfoxy polycarbonates |
| US2999835A (en) | 1959-01-02 | 1961-09-12 | Gen Electric | Resinous mixture comprising organo-polysiloxane and polymer of a carbonate of a dihydric phenol, and products containing same |
| US3028635A (en) | 1959-04-17 | 1962-04-10 | Schlumberger Cie N | Advancing screw for gill box |
| DE1570703A1 (de) | 1964-10-07 | 1970-02-12 | Gen Electric | Hydrolytisch stabile Polycarbonate sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| FR1561518A (de) | 1967-03-10 | 1969-03-28 | ||
| DE1961668A1 (de) | 1968-12-06 | 1970-06-18 | Philips Nv | Wellenlaufzeitvorrichtung |
| DE2036052A1 (en) | 1970-07-21 | 1972-01-27 | Milchwirtschafthche Forschungs und Untersuchungs Gesellschaft mbH, 2100 Hamburg | Working up of additives in fat and protein - contng foodstuffs |
| DE2063050A1 (de) | 1970-12-22 | 1972-07-13 | Bayer | Verseifungsbeständige Polycarbonate |
| US3838092A (en) | 1971-04-21 | 1974-09-24 | Kewanee Oil Co | Dustless compositions containing fiberous polytetrafluoroethylene |
| US3671487A (en) | 1971-05-05 | 1972-06-20 | Gen Electric | Glass reinforced polyester resins containing polytetrafluoroethylene and flame retardant additives |
| US3723373A (en) | 1971-10-04 | 1973-03-27 | American Cyanamid Co | 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion modified polyethylene terephthalate with improved processing characteristics |
| DE2211956A1 (de) | 1972-03-11 | 1973-10-25 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung verseifungsstabiler blockcopolycarbonate |
| JPS6162040U (de) | 1984-09-28 | 1986-04-26 | ||
| JPS6162039U (de) | 1984-09-28 | 1986-04-26 | ||
| JPS61105550U (de) | 1984-12-18 | 1986-07-04 | ||
| DE3832396A1 (de) | 1988-08-12 | 1990-02-15 | Bayer Ag | Dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, ihre herstellung und ihre verwendung zur herstellung von hochmolekularen polycarbonaten |
| US4982014A (en) | 1988-08-12 | 1991-01-01 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Dihydroxydiphenyl cycloalkanes, their production and their use for the production of high molecular weight polycarbonates |
| EP0363608A1 (de) | 1988-09-22 | 1990-04-18 | General Electric Company | Polymer-Mischung aus einem aromatischen Polycarbonat, einem Styrol enthaltenden Copolymer und/oder Pfropfpolymer und einem Flammschutzmittel auf der Basis eines Phosphats, geformte Gegenstände daraus |
| EP0500496A1 (de) | 1991-02-21 | 1992-08-26 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Stabilisierte Polymere mit Heteroatomen in der Hauptkette |
| EP0640655A2 (de) | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-01 | Bayer Ag | Flammwidrige, spannungsrissbeständige Polycarbonat-ABS-Formmassen |
| WO1996015102A2 (de) | 1994-11-10 | 1996-05-23 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | 2-cyanacrylsäureester |
| EP0728811A2 (de) | 1995-02-27 | 1996-08-28 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Hammhemmende thermoplastische Harzzusammensetzung |
| WO1997040092A1 (de) | 1996-04-18 | 1997-10-30 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Flammgeschützte thermoplastische formmassen |
| EP0839623A1 (de) | 1996-10-30 | 1998-05-06 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Stabilisatorkombination für das Rotomolding-Verfahren |
| WO2015052106A2 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Process for preparing polysiloxane-polycarbonate block cocondensates using a salt of a weak acid |
| EP3351588A1 (de) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-25 | Lotte Advanced Materials Co., Ltd. | Harzzusammensetzung mit guter wärmebeständigkeit und isolierungseigenschaften sowie produkt damit |
| CN109370190A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-22 | 金旸(厦门)新材料科技有限公司 | 一种薄壁型高cti值阻燃聚碳酸酯共混物及其制备方法 |
| WO2020108922A1 (de) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-04 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Sicopc blend enthaltend phosphazen und silikon/acrylat schlagzähmodifikator |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250206945A1 (en) | 2025-06-26 |
| CN118922498A (zh) | 2024-11-08 |
| EP4499749A1 (de) | 2025-02-05 |
| JP2025510772A (ja) | 2025-04-15 |
| KR20240164521A (ko) | 2024-11-19 |
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