WO2023162950A1 - 肝オルガノイド由来培養肝細胞 - Google Patents
肝オルガノイド由来培養肝細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to highly functional hepatocytes that are cultured hepatocytes composed of hepatic organoid-derived cells and that can be used for drug discovery research, etc., and also relates to a liver organoid culture method for producing the highly functional hepatocytes.
- liver damage risk of compounds in pharmaceutical research and development is important for increasing the success rate of research and development and reducing costs and time.
- the liver is an organ that plays a central role in metabolism, and many therapeutic drugs are metabolized in the liver to exhibit physiological activity and toxicity. Since drug-induced liver injury is a major factor leading to drug development discontinuation and market withdrawal, safety evaluation using human hepatocytes is essential for drug discovery research.
- human frozen hepatocytes which are widely used, are limited in the supply of the same lot, and long-term culture significantly reduces liver function, making it difficult to conduct a large-scale and highly accurate safety evaluation. .
- Organoids are three-dimensionally cultured (3D culture) cells that have similar characteristics and proliferative ability to organs formed three-dimensionally using scaffolds such as porous membranes and hydrogels.
- 3D culture three-dimensionally cultured cells
- scaffolds such as porous membranes and hydrogels.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 There is a report on a hepatic organoid (HBTO) in which bile canaliculi and bile ducts formed by hepatocytes are functionally connected by co-culturing mouse hepatic progenitor cells and bile duct epithelial cells.
- HBTO hepatic organoid
- Non-Patent Document 3 There is also a report on the production of HBTO by introducing human hepatocytes, and high albumin secretion ability and drug-metabolizing enzyme activity are maintained for a long period of time. It has been reported that it has been clarified that it is transported from hepatocytes to bile ducts in a short period of time.
- liver organoids are three-dimensional cultured cells that are cultured in a state of being embedded in a three-dimensional culture substrate, such as Matrigel (a basement membrane matrix product).
- a three-dimensional culture substrate such as Matrigel (a basement membrane matrix product).
- various test compounds may be captured by the substrate, and available experimental systems are limited.
- Establishment of highly functional human liver organoid culture technology applicable to drug safety evaluation is desired.
- the objective is to provide highly functional hepatocytes that are cultured hepatocytes derived from hepatic organoids and that can be applied to the evaluation of pharmacokinetics, etc. in drug discovery research.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for culturing liver organoids for preparing the highly functional hepatocytes.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide highly functional pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids or methods for producing the pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids.
- liver organoid-derived cells isolated from liver organoids into single cells (hereinafter referred to as "liver organoids")
- liver organoids liver organoid-derived cells isolated from liver organoids into single cells
- the present invention consists of the following.
- the drug-metabolizing enzyme is one or more drug-metabolizing enzymes selected from CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and UGT1A1.
- the preceding item 1 or 2 wherein the gene expression level of the adult hepatocyte marker in the cultured hepatocytes is expressed equal to or equal to or higher than the gene expression level of the adult hepatocyte marker in the liver organoid.
- the adult hepatocyte marker is one or more selected from ALB (Albumin), HNF1a (Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha), HFN4a (Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha) and NTCP (Na + -taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide) 3.
- ALB Albumin
- HNF1a Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha
- HFN4a Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha
- NTCP Na + -taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide
- the cultured hepatocyte according to 6 above, wherein the pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoid is an iPS cell-derived liver organoid.
- a method for producing cultured hepatocytes composed of hepatic organoid-derived cells comprising the following steps: 1) dissociating the liver organoids into single cells; 2) A step of seeding and culturing the hepatic organoid cells separated into single cells on a two-dimensional culture substrate to prepare a monolayer membrane.
- a method for producing cultured hepatocytes composed of hepatic organoid-derived cells comprising the following steps: 1) dissociating the liver organoids into single cells; 2) A step of culturing the liver organoid cells separated into single cells in a spheroid-forming incubator. 10.
- culture is performed using a medium containing one or more humoral factors selected from EGF, OsM, HGF, Dex, BMP4, BMP7, FGF7, FGF10 and FGF19.
- the method for producing cultured hepatocytes according to 8 or 9 above characterized in that: 11.
- a pharmacokinetic evaluation and/or drug toxicity evaluation kit comprising the cultured hepatocytes according to any one of 1 to 7 and 17 above, and further comprising devices and/or reagents necessary for testing. 19.
- a culture medium for cultured hepatocytes comprising hepatic organoid-derived cells, characterized by containing 1 to 50 ⁇ M of a ROCK inhibitor and 0.1 to 5 ⁇ M of a TGF ⁇ inhibitor.
- 21. A method for producing pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids, comprising the step of producing pluripotent stem cells from cells cultured for at least 14 days. 22.
- a method for producing pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids comprising the step of producing from iPS-derived hepatocytes.
- 23. 23. A pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoid produced by the production method according to 21 or 22 above. 24.
- the hepatic organoid-derived cultured hepatocytes of the present invention maintain not only the expression of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes but also high drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Therefore, it can be effectively used for pharmacokinetic evaluation in vitro. Furthermore, the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention exhibit excellent sensitivity to drugs that cause liver injury. In particular, since it does not use a base material that serves as a scaffold for three-dimensional culture, which is necessary for liver organoids, various test compounds can be evaluated for drug toxicity without being captured by a base material such as Matrigel. ing.
- FIG. 3 shows the effects on hepatocyte maturation when various humoral factors are added to monolayer culture of hepatic organoid cells and cultured for 3 days.
- FIG. 1A shows the culture protocol.
- FIG. 1B shows the results of ALB (albumin) gene expression under each condition, and
- FIG. 1C shows the results of CYP3A4 (Cytochrome P450 3A4) gene expression under each condition.
- Example 1 shows the effects on hepatocyte maturation when various factors used for induction of differentiation are added to monolayer culture of hepatic organoid cells and cultured for 3 days.
- FIG. 1A shows the culture protocol.
- FIG. 1B shows the results of ALB (albumin) gene expression under each condition
- FIG. 1C shows the results of CYP3A4 (Cytochrome P450 3A4) gene expression under each condition.
- Fig. 3 shows the effects on hepatocyte maturation when various factors used for induction of differentiation are added to monolayer culture of hepati
- FIG. 2A shows the results of gene expression of ALB and CYP3A4 when various factors were added, and EMTi (epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitor) containing ROCK inhibitor, MEK inhibitor and TGF ⁇ inhibitor. It shows that the addition of was particularly excellent.
- FIG. 2B shows the gene expression results of ALB when EMTi and various humoral factors used in Example 1 were added, and FIG. 2C shows CYP3A4 when EMTi and various humoral factors used in Example 1 were added. shows the gene expression results of (Example 2)
- Fig. 2 shows the effects on hepatocyte maturation when EMTi and various humoral factors were added to the monolayer culture of hepatic organoid cells and cultured for 6 days.
- Figure 3A shows the culture protocol.
- FIG. 3B shows the gene expression results of ALB when EMTi and various humoral factors used in Example 1 were added
- FIG. 3C shows CYP3A4 when EMTi and various humoral factors used in Example 1 were added.
- FIG. 3A shows the culture protocol
- FIG. 4B shows the gene expression results of ALB when EMTi and various humoral factors used in Example 1 were added
- FIG. 4C shows CYP3A4 when EMTi and various humoral factors used in Example 1 were added. shows the gene expression results of FIG.
- Example 4D shows a more specific culture protocol.
- Example 4) 1 shows the functional evaluation results of cultured hepatocytes of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A shows the culture protocol and
- FIG. 5B shows the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 activity.
- Example 5) 1 shows the functional evaluation results of cultured hepatocytes of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A shows the culture protocol, and
- FIG. 6B shows the inducibility of various drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYPB6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4).
- Example 6) 1 shows the functional evaluation results of cultured hepatocytes of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A shows the experimental protocol
- FIG. 7B shows the effects of various drugs for hepatopathy on cell viability.
- FIG. 7 shows the effects of spheroid-cultured hepatocytes and two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes on hepatocyte maturation.
- Figure 8A shows the culture protocol.
- FIG. 8B shows the results of ALB and CYP3A4 gene expression.
- Fig. 3 shows cell evaluation results when two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes were cultured for a long period up to 15 days.
- FIG. 9A shows the results of confirming the cell morphology with a phase-contrast microscope.
- FIG. 9B shows the analysis results of various gene expression levels in a heat map.
- Example 9 Fig.
- FIG. 3 shows cell evaluation results when two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes were cultured for a long period up to 30 days.
- FIG. 10A shows the results of ALB and CYP3A4 gene expression.
- FIG. 10B shows the results of measuring CYP3A4 enzymatic activity.
- HSC human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes
- FIG. 11A shows a protocol for producing human liver organoids from iPS cells, a protocol for maintenance culture, and the morphology of each cell.
- FIG. 11B shows the growth rate and cell morphology of liver organoids prepared from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC).
- FIG. 11C shows the results of measurement of gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes in each passage of liver organoids.
- Example 11 The results for hepatocytes obtained by further two-dimensionally culturing liver organoids prepared from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC) are shown.
- FIG. 12A shows a protocol for producing two-dimensional cultured hepatocytes produced from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC), and
- FIG. 12B shows cell morphology in systems containing and not containing EMTi.
- FIG. 12C shows the results of measuring the gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes.
- Example 12 The effect of freezing liver organoids prepared from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC) is shown. The results of measuring the expression levels of each hepatocyte marker and each gene of drug-metabolizing enzymes for hepatic organoids during frozen passage and unfrozen passage are shown.
- Example 13 The evaluation results of two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes of hepatic organoid cells prepared under each condition from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC) are shown.
- FIG. 14A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol for hepatic organoids prepared from iPS cell-derived hepatocytes
- FIG. 14A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol for hepatic organoids prepared from iPS cell-derived hepatocytes
- FIG. 14B shows the results of measuring the gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes in each two-dimensionally cultured hepatocyte. show.
- Example 14 The results of evaluating two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes of hepatic organoid cells prepared in each medium are shown.
- FIG. 15A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol
- FIG. 15B shows the results of measuring the gene expression level of each hepatocyte marker and drug-metabolizing enzyme in each two-dimensional cultured hepatocyte.
- FIG. 16A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol
- FIG. 16A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol
- FIG. 16B shows cell morphology observed with a phase-contrast microscope
- FIG. 16C shows the results of measuring gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes.
- Example 16 The results of confirming the functions of hepatic organoids established by different hepatic differentiation induction stages of the human iPS cells to be used are shown.
- FIG. 17A shows a protocol for producing liver organoids from cells at each stage of the process of inducing hepatic differentiation from human iPS cells, and the cell morphology thereof.
- FIG. 17B shows the analysis results of various gene expression levels in a heat map.
- FIG. 18A shows a protocol for producing liver organoids from cells at each stage of the process of inducing hepatic differentiation from human iPS cells.
- FIG. 18B shows the results of measurement of gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes for cells at each stage of the hepatic differentiation induction process and each hepatic organoid.
- HSC human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes
- FIG. 1 shows evaluation results of hepatic organoids prepared from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC) and two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes thereof.
- FIG. 20A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol for hepatic organoids prepared from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes
- FIG. 20B shows the results of measuring the gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes in hepatic organoids.
- FIG. 20C shows the results of measuring the expression level of each gene of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes in two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes.
- Fig. 20 shows evaluation results of hepatic organoids prepared from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC) and two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes thereof.
- FIG. 20A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol for hepatic organoids prepared from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes
- FIG. 20B shows the results of measuring the
- FIG. 21A shows a long-term culture protocol for two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes.
- FIG. 21B shows cell morphology observed under a phase-contrast microscope.
- FIG. 21C shows the results of measuring the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4.
- the functional evaluation result of two-dimensional cultured hepatocytes is shown.
- FIG. 22A shows the culture protocol, and
- FIG. 22B shows cell morphology observed under a phase-contrast microscope.
- Fig. 2 shows the effect of cryopreservation of iPS cell-derived liver organoids.
- FIG. 23A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol for iPS cell-derived liver organoids after cryopreservation.
- FIG. 23B shows the results of measuring the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4 for each two-dimensionally cultured hepatocyte.
- FIG. 23C shows the results of measurement of gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes in hepatocytes obtained by two-dimensionally culturing hepatic organoids during frozen and non-frozen passages.
- Example 23 The results of cell proliferation ability of liver organoids produced in each medium are shown.
- Example 24 Evaluation results of liver organoids produced in each medium are shown.
- FIG. 25A shows a protocol for liver organoids generated from human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC).
- FIG. 25B shows the results of measurement of gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes in hepatic organoids produced in Hep-med medium.
- FIG. 25C shows the results of measurement of gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver organoids prepared in Chol-med medium.
- Figure 26A shows the two-dimensional culture protocol.
- FIG. 26B shows the results of measuring the CYP3A4 enzymatic activity of each two-dimensionally cultured hepatocyte.
- 26C shows the results of measuring the gene expression level of each hepatocyte marker and drug-metabolizing enzyme in each two-dimensionally cultured hepatocyte.
- Results for hepatocytes obtained by two-dimensionally culturing frozen organoids are shown.
- FIG. 27A shows a two-dimensional culture protocol for iPS cell-derived liver organoids.
- FIG. 27B shows the results of measurement of gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes in hepatocytes obtained by two-dimensionally culturing hepatic organoids and frozen hepatic organoids.
- the present invention relates to highly functional hepatocytes that are cultured hepatocytes derived from hepatic organoids and that can be used for drug discovery research, etc., and also relates to a liver organoid culture method for producing the highly functional hepatocytes. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a highly functional pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoid or a method for producing the pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoid.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention are characterized in that the gene expression level of drug-metabolizing enzymes is increased compared to the gene expression level of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver organoids.
- Increased relative to the gene expression level of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver organoids means that, for example, when the gene expression level of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver organoids is set to 1, it is 1.1 or more, preferably 1.5 or more, and more preferably 3.0. Above, and most preferably, gene expression at an amount of 5.0 or more.
- Drug-metabolizing enzymes include cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, monoamine oxidase, diamine oxidase, epoxide hydrase, esterase, amidase, glutathione.
- One or more enzymes selected from S-transferase, ⁇ -glutamyltranspeptidase, acetyltransferase, sulfotransferase, enzymes involved in drug transporters, and the like.
- Examples of CYPs include CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, etc., preferably CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1, most preferably CYP3A4.
- Examples of UGT include UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, UGT2B10, UGT2B11, UGT2B15, etc. UGT2B4 and UGT2B7UGT2B15, most preferably UGT1A1.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention are further characterized in that the adult hepatocyte marker gene expression level is equal to or greater than that of the adult hepatocyte marker gene expression level of the liver organoid.
- the adult hepatocyte markers include ALB (Albumin), HNF1a (Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha), HFN4a (Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha) and NTCP (Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide), and these markers one or more markers selected from
- hepatic organoid may be an organoid produced from liver cells or pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes.
- organoid refers to a cluster (cell population or tissue construct) composed of organ-specific cells, and refers to cultured cells having characteristics and proliferative capacity similar to those of an organ. Organoids are three-dimensionally formed using cell culture scaffolds such as porous membranes and hydrogels. Scaffold substrates used for organoid culture (hereinafter referred to as “organoid substrates”) are used to promote adhesion and proliferation of cells and maintain a three-dimensional structure, and various materials and pore sizes are in practical use.
- the substrate for organoids of the present invention may be of any material or structure that is known per se or that will be developed in the future. Specific examples include solubilized basement membrane extracted from EHS mouse sarcoma, which is rich in ECM proteins including hydrogel, laminin (main component), type IV collagen, heparin sulfate proteoglycan, entactin/nidogen, and various growth factors. For example, Matrigel® (Corning) basement membrane and the like are used.
- the liver organoids of the present invention are liver cell-derived liver organoids or pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids.
- the species of liver organoids in the present invention is not particularly limited, but human liver organoids are preferred.
- the liver organoids of the invention can be cryopreserved using a cryopreservation medium. Cryopreservation of organoids can be performed by a method known per se. Cryopreserved liver organoids can also be thawed and re-plated. Any method known per se or any method that will be developed in the future can be applied to the method for thawing cryopreserved organoids.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention can use the liver organoids of the present invention, and passaged liver organoids can also be used.
- Liver cell-derived liver organoids refer to liver organoids produced from fresh or cryopreserved liver tissue, and may be produced by a method known per se or any method that will be developed in the future. For example, it can be produced using HepatiCult TM Organoid Growth Medium (Human) (STEMCELL Technologies). Fresh or cryopreserved liver tissue is treated with proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, collagenase, dispase I, EDTA, EGTA, etc.
- proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, collagenase, dispase I, EDTA, EGTA, etc.
- the seeding cell density is not particularly limited as long as it allows organoid formation, but is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells/40 ⁇ L droplet, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells/40 ⁇ L droplet, most preferably It is about 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/40 ⁇ L droplet, and can be cultured using a liver organoid medium after incubation at 37° C. for 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 1 to 30 minutes, more preferably about 15 minutes.
- Examples of media for liver organoids include, for example, the medium described in Non-Patent Document 1 (also referred to herein as "Chol-med medium”) and the medium described in Non-Patent Document 2 (herein referred to as "Hep- med medium”) and the like can be used.
- the medium can be replaced as appropriate, for example, once every 2-3 days.
- Pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids can be produced, for example, from iPS cells (induced pluripotent stem cells).
- iPS cell-derived liver organoids can be produced from any differentiated state of iPS-derived hepatic progenitor cells, iPS-derived immature hepatocytes, or iPS-derived hepatocytes, but are most preferably produced from iPS-derived hepatocytes. preferred.
- iPS-derived immature hepatocytes or iPS-derived hepatocytes any method known per se or any method that will be developed in the future can be applied.
- Pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids can also be produced, for example, from cultured pluripotent stem cells for at least 14 days, preferably 25 days.
- a method for producing organoids from iPS cells any method known per se or any method that will be developed in the future can be applied.
- iPS-derived cells at each differentiation induction stage are detached from the iPS cell culture substrate using proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, collagenase, dispase I, EDTA, EGTA, etc., and single cells are collected. Then, after washing and centrifugation, it can be produced using the substrate for organoids.
- a liver organoid medium such as Hep-med medium or Chol-med medium
- Hep-med medium is preferable.
- the seeding cell density is not particularly limited as long as it allows organoid formation, but is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells/40 ⁇ L droplet, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells/40 ⁇ L droplet, most preferably About 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/40 ⁇ L droplet, for example, after incubating at 37° C. for 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 1 to 30 minutes, more preferably about 15 minutes, hepatic organoids such as Hep-med medium and Chol-med medium Hep-med medium is preferred.
- the medium can be replaced as appropriate, for example, once every 2-3 days.
- One or two or more humoral factors selected from Activin A, BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4), FGF4 (fibroblast growth factor 4), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) and OsM (Oncostatin M) in the above medium It is preferred to include
- the medium that can be used for maintaining and culturing liver organoids is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of culturing liver tissue-derived cells. etc. as a main component, and for example, a medium containing the medium components described in Advanced TM DMEM/F12 (GIBCO) or Meritxell Huch et al., Nature vol. 494, p.247-250 (2013) can be used. Specifically, HepatiCult TM Organoid Growth Medium (Human) (STEMCELL Technologies) can be used.
- antibiotics such as penicillin G sodium salt, streptomycin sulfate, and amphotericin B, such as penicillin G sodium salt, streptomycin sulfate, and amphotericin B, such as 1 ⁇ Antibiotic-Antimycotic (Sigma-Aldrich), etc.
- Rho-binding kinase inhibitors such as Y-27632
- Liver organoids can be passaged whether they are liver cell-derived liver organoids or pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids.
- the passage ratio is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 1:1 to 1:10.
- the passaging protocol can be applied by modifying an existing method, for example, Miyoshi et al.'s report (Miyoshi and Stappenbeck, Nat. Protoc. 8, 2471-2482, 2013).
- the liver organoids are suspended in a solution containing at least one of proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, collagenase, and dispase I, EDTA, EGTA, etc., such as TrypLE Select TM (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 37 C.
- subculture can be performed by adding the medium to the culture substrate. After passage, for example, until the second day of culture, the above medium components can be used by appropriately containing a Rho-binding kinase inhibitor such as Y-27632.
- antibiotics such as penicillin G sodium salt, streptomycin sulfate, and amphotericin B, such as 1 ⁇ Antibiotic-Antimycotic (Sigma-Aldrich), etc., can be appropriately added to the above medium components throughout the culture period.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention having the above properties are two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes by two-dimensional culture or spheroidized hepatocytes by spheroid culture.
- the two-dimensional cultured hepatocytes and spheroidized hepatocytes in the present specification are both prepared by starting from liver organoids formed by culturing using organoid substrates and going through a step of separating into single cells.
- the hepatic organoid-derived cells separated into single cells by exfoliating the hepatic organoids from the organoid substrate are also referred to as “hepatic organoid cells”.
- two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes can be produced by a method including the following steps. 1) dissociating the liver organoids into single cells; 2) A step of seeding and culturing the hepatic organoid cells separated into single cells on a two-dimensional culture substrate to prepare a monolayer membrane.
- the method of peeling the liver organoids from the organoid substrate and separating them into single cells may be a method known per se, and is not particularly limited.
- Single cells can be separated by, for example, filtration, centrifugation, pipetting, or the like, in a liquid containing at least one of EDTA, EGTA, and the like, such as TrypLE Select TM .
- Two-dimensional cultured hepatocytes can be produced by seeding liver organoid cells on a two-dimensional culture substrate and culturing them to form a monolayer culture.
- culture that forms a monolayer is referred to as two-dimensional culture.
- the two-dimensional culture substrate is not particularly limited as long as hepatocytes can be cultured in a monolayer. can contain.
- Culture substrates used for two-dimensional culture are distinguished from culture substrates used for three-dimensional culture used for culturing organoids.
- the seeding density of hepatic organoid cells is not particularly limited as long as it allows formation of a monolayer membrane after culture. It can be set to ⁇ 10 4 to 5.0 ⁇ 10 6 .
- the culture environment is not particularly limited as long as it is a known environment, but generally cells can be two-dimensionally cultured under conditions of 37 ⁇ 1° C. and 5 ⁇ 1% CO 2 .
- the culture period of the two-dimensional culture is not particularly limited as long as the cells are viable.
- the two-dimensional culture can be performed for 1 to 60 days.
- the medium can be appropriately exchanged during the culture, and subculture can be performed as necessary.
- HCM TM medium As the culture medium used for producing the two-dimensional cultured hepatocytes, HCM TM medium (LONZA), which is a hepatocyte culture medium, DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), DMEM/F12 (DMEM/Nutrient Mixture F-12), HepatoZYME (Gibco) and willam's E (Gibco) can be used, and preferably HCM TM medium (LONZA) can be used. Any one or more inhibitors selected from ROCK inhibitors, TGF ⁇ inhibitors, MEK inhibitors and GSK3 inhibitors are preferably added to the medium. Examples of ROCK inhibitors include Y27632, Thiazovivin, GSK429286 and the like.
- TGF ⁇ inhibitors examples include SB431542, A83-01, LDN193189 and the like.
- MEK inhibitors examples include PD0325901, AZD6244, BIX02189 and the like.
- GSK3 inhibitors examples include CHIR99021 and BIO (6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime).
- the combined use of MEK inhibitors is also preferred.
- the ROCK inhibitor is added at 1-50 ⁇ M, preferably 5-30 ⁇ M, more preferably 5-10 ⁇ M, and the TGF ⁇ inhibitor is added at 0.1-5 ⁇ M, preferably 0.5-3 ⁇ M, more preferably 1-3 ⁇ M, and MEK inhibitors may be combined at 0.01-1 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1-1 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.3-0.8 ⁇ M.
- a combination of Y27632 as the ROCK inhibitor and SB431542 as the TGF ⁇ inhibitor is suitable.
- PD0325901 may be combined as a MEK inhibitor.
- EMTi The combination of Y27632 (10 ⁇ M), PD0325901 (0.5 ⁇ M) and SB431542 (2 ⁇ M) is sometimes referred to as "EMTi" in the following examples.
- antibiotics such as penicillin G sodium salt, streptomycin sulfate, and amphotericin B, such as 1 ⁇ Antibiotic-Antimycotic (Sigma-Aldrich), etc., can be appropriately added to the above medium components throughout the culture period.
- the above medium further contains EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor), OsM (Oncostatin M), HGF (epatocyte growth factor), Dex (Dexamethasone), BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4), BMP7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7), FGF7 ( It preferably contains one or more humoral factors selected from fibroblast growth factor 7), FGF10 (fibroblast growth factor 10) and FGF19 (fibroblast growth factor 19). It is particularly suitable to contain 1-100 ⁇ M, preferably 1-10 ⁇ M for Dex and 10-1000 ng/mL, preferably 10-100 ng/mL for FGF19.
- Spheroidal hepatocytes comprising liver organoid-derived cells of the present invention can be produced by a method including the following steps. 1) dissociating the liver organoids into single cells; 2) A step of culturing the liver organoid cells separated into single cells in a spheroid-forming incubator.
- Step of Separating Liver Organoids into Single Cells Single cells can be separated by the method shown in step 1) of the method for producing two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes.
- hepatic organoid cells can be seeded in a spheroid-forming incubator to prepare spheroids.
- spheroid refers to a cell mass that does not require a cell culture scaffold to maintain a three-dimensional structure, and cells adhere to each other in a floating state in a culture vessel to form clusters.
- the “spheroidized cells” of the present invention refer to cell aggregates consisting of a three-dimensional structure of spheroids produced from liver cells or pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes.
- culture vessel for spheroid formation a culture vessel known per se or a culture vessel to be developed in the future can be used.
- culture vessels treated with low cell adsorption such as culture flasks, petri dishes, 96-well culture plates, 384-well culture plates, and 400-well culture plates can be used.
- a shape such as a spindle bottom can be used.
- Nunclon Sphera 96U Bottom Plate manufactured by Thermo Scientific
- EZSHERE SP MICROPLATE 24 Well with Lid model number: 4820-900SP
- Elplasia plate with Lid 24-Well Round Bottom 500/400 Ultra Low Attachment (model number: 4441) (manufactured by Corning)
- SPHERICALPLATE5D 3D cell culture rEvolution manufactured by Mito Kogyo
- the culture medium used for the preparation of spheroidized hepatocytes is the same as the culture medium used for the preparation of two-dimensional cultured hepatocytes, which is a hepatocyte culture medium, HCM TM medium (LONZA), DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium). , DMEM/F12 (DMEM/Nutrient Mixture F-12), HepatoZYME (Gibco), willam's E (Gibco), preferably HCM TM medium (LONZA) can be used.
- HCM TM medium LONZA
- DMEM/F12 DMEM/Nutrient Mixture F-12
- HepatoZYME HepatoZYME
- willam's E Gibco
- HCM TM medium LONZA
- additives and the like the additives and the like used in producing the two-dimensional cultured hepatocytes can be used.
- the two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes of the present invention can be cultured for a long period of 15 days or more, 20 days or more, or 30 days or more.
- HCM TM medium LONZA
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DMEM/ F12 DMEM/Nutrient Mixture F-12
- HepatoZYME Gibco
- Willam's E Gibco
- the ROCK inhibitor is 1 to 50 ⁇ M, preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ M, more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ M
- the MEK inhibitor is 0.01 to 1 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ M
- the TGF ⁇ inhibitor is 0.1. It is further preferred to add ⁇ 5 ⁇ M, preferably 0.5-3 ⁇ M, more preferably 1-3 ⁇ M.
- the above medium preferably further contains one or more humoral factors selected from EGF, OsM, HGF, Dex, BMP4, BMP7, FGF7, FGF10 and FGF19. It is particularly preferred to contain Dex (1-100 ⁇ M) and FGF19 (10-1000 ng/mL).
- the maintenance medium can be replaced as appropriate.
- the frequency of medium replacement is not particularly limited, it can be replaced, for example, every 1 to 15 days, preferably every 1 to 7 days, and more preferably every 1 to 3 days.
- Penicillin G sodium salt, antibiotics such as streptomycin sulfate and amphotericin B, such as 1 ⁇ Antibiotic-Antimycotic (Sigma-Aldrich), etc. can be added to the above medium components as appropriate throughout the culture period.
- Two-dimensional cultured hepatocytes or spheroidized hepatocytes can also be subcultured as appropriate, and can also be cryopreserved using a cryopreservation medium.
- methods for subculture and cryopreservation of cells any method known per se or any method that will be developed in the future can be applied.
- the gene expression level of drug-metabolizing enzymes is increased compared to the gene expression level of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver organoids. is expressed in an amount of 1.1 or more, preferably 1.5 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, and most preferably 5.0 or more.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention maintain high activity not only for gene expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes but also for drug-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, it can be effectively used for in vitro pharmacokinetic evaluation.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention exhibit excellent sensitivity to drugs that cause liver injury.
- a three-dimensional scaffolding base material since it does not use a three-dimensional scaffolding base material, it is extremely superior in that the toxicity of drugs can be evaluated without trapping various test compounds on a base material such as Matrigel.
- a base material such as Matrigel.
- a large amount of cells having such excellent performance can be supplied in the same lot, and hepatocytes of constant quality can be supplied semipermanently.
- Such excellent quality hepatocytes and cell populations thereof can be used for pharmacokinetic evaluation and pharmacotoxicity evaluation kits. This makes it possible to predict the liver damage risk of a compound at an early stage in research and development of pharmaceuticals such as drug discovery development, and is very useful for increasing the success rate of research and development and reducing costs and periods.
- the present invention also extends to kits for pharmacokinetic evaluation and/or drug toxicity evaluation, which contain the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention and further contain devices and/or reagents necessary for pharmacokinetic evaluation and drug toxicity evaluation. Furthermore, it extends to pharmacokinetic evaluation methods and/or drug toxicity evaluation methods using the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention can also be used for regenerative medicine and cell therapy in cases that conventionally required liver transplantation.
- regenerative medicine using the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention for example, damaged hepatocytes can be repaired in patients with diseases such as hepatitis, fatty liver, autoimmune hepatitis, and liver cancer, and fibrotic liver can be restored to normal function. It is thought that it will be possible to return to the normal state, and an effective therapeutic effect can be expected.
- Example 1 Screening of monolayer culture conditions (0-3 days of culture)
- culture conditions for monolayer culture of hepatic organoids prepared from commercially available frozen human hepatocytes (XenoTech) were examined.
- a medium for liver organoids Chol-med medium
- Hepatic organoids were removed from Matrigel (R) , seeded onto a collagen-coated 48-well plate at 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 /well, and two-dimensionally cultured for 72 hours. Hepatic organoids removed from Matrigel (R) are also simply referred to as "hepatic organoid cells" in this and subsequent examples. Hepatic organoid cells were cultured using HCM TM medium (Hepatocyte Culture Medium, LONZA) as a basal medium and a medium supplemented with various humoral factors, and screened for differentiation and maturation into hepatocytes. .
- HCM TM medium Hepatocyte Culture Medium, LONZA
- Hepatic organoid cells were added to HCM TM medium at two concentrations of high and low concentrations of each recombinant protein of EGF, OsM, HGF, Dex, BMP4, BMP7, FGF7, FGF10 or FGF19 as humoral factors. cultured. After two-dimensional culture for 72 hours, the cells were collected, and the expression level of each gene was analyzed for ALB (albumin) and CYP3A4, which are liver cell markers (Fig. 1A).
- iPS-HLC human iPS cells-derived hepatocytes-like cells
- iPS-HLC human iPS cells-derived hepatocytes-like cells
- iPS-HLC was produced by the method described in International Publication WO2011/052504.
- the frozen cells were thawed, cultured in HCM TM medium for 4 hours and 48 hours, and the cells were collected.
- the mRNA extract immediately after freezing and thawing was designated as HC10-10_0hr, and the mRNA extract obtained after culturing for each time was designated as HC10-10_4hr and HC10-10_48hr.
- HC10-10 indicates the lot number. Pool indicates pool samples of lot number FCL and PHH of OHO and YOW.
- BMT, Tic, and YO2 in iPS-HLC each indicate the strain name of human iPS cells.
- HCM TM medium supplemented with the above nine types of humoral factors at two concentrations, high and low, respectively, no difference was observed in the expression levels of ALB and CYP3A4 genes (Fig. 1BC). .
- Example 2 Screening of monolayer culture conditions (3rd day of culture) As in Example 1, HCM TM medium (LONZA) was used as the basal medium, and the culture conditions for monolayer culture of hepatic organoid cells with the addition of various factors were investigated.
- HCM TM medium LONZA
- HCM TM medium LONZA
- GSK-3 Glycogen synthase kinase 3
- TGF ⁇ Transforming Growth Factor- ⁇
- EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- each gene expression level of ALB and CYP3A4 was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.
- EMT inhibitors ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase) inhibitor, MEK (Mitogen-activated Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase) inhibitor and TGF ⁇ inhibitor were used.
- ⁇ GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 (3 ⁇ M), BIO (6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime, 5 ⁇ M) ⁇ TGF ⁇ inhibitor: A83-01 (5 ⁇ M), LDN193189 (300 nM) - EMT inhibitor combination (EMTi): Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor, 10 ⁇ M) + PD0325901 (MEK inhibitor, 0.5 ⁇ M) + SB431542 (TGF ⁇ inhibitor, 2 ⁇ M)
- EMTi Addition of various humoral factors (recombinant proteins)
- EGF, OsM, HGF, Dex, BMP4, BMP7, FGF7, FGF10 or FGF19 were added at high and low concentrations.
- Hepatic organoid cells were cultured using HCM TM medium added at two concentrations.
- the expression level of each gene serving as a liver cell marker after 72 hours of two-dimensional culture was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.
- PHH and iPS-HLC cultured only in HCM TM medium as in Example 1 were also confirmed.
- Example 3 Screening of monolayer culture conditions (6th day of culture) In the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2, the culture conditions up to the 6th day of culture were examined when hepatic organoid cells were monolayer cultured in HCM TM medium supplemented with various factors.
- Hepatic organoid cells were seeded at 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 /well on a collagen-coated 48-well plate, and the HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and BMP7 (50 ng/mL) shown in Example 2 was used. Differentiation was allowed until day 3 of culture. On the third day of culture, the EMTi was added, and EGF, OsM, HGF, Dex, BMP4, BMP7, FGF7, FGF10, or FGF19 were added at two concentrations, high and low, in the same manner as in Example 1. Cultured using HCM TM medium (Fig. 3A). Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression level of each gene that serves as a liver cell marker after two-dimensional culture for 6 days. As a comparative example, PHH and iPS-HLC cultured only in HCM TM medium as in Example 1 were also confirmed.
- the expression level of each gene of ALB and CYP3A4 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR method.
- a vehicle was prepared by culturing liver organoid cells only in the EMTi-supplemented HCM TM medium.
- the gene expression level of ALB on the third day of culture of cells cultured in combination with EMTi and BMP7 (50 ng/mL) was set at 1.0 for comparison.
- the gene expression levels of ALB and CYP3A4 tended to increase compared to day 3 of culture, but no increase in the gene expression level of ALB due to the addition of each humoral factor was observed (Fig. 3B).
- CYP3A4 gene expression tended to increase. The expression levels increased by about 50-fold and about 95-fold, respectively (Fig. 3C).
- Example 4 Screening of monolayer culture conditions (9th day of culture) In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3, the culture conditions up to the ninth day of culture were examined when the hepatic organoid cells were monolayer cultured with the addition of various factors.
- Hepatic organoid cells were seeded at 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 /well on a collagen-coated 48-well plate, and the HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and BMP7 (50 ng/mL) shown in Example 2 was used. Differentiation was allowed until day 3 of culture. The medium was changed on day 3 of culture, and the cells were differentiated using HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL) until day 6 of culture.
- Example 1 On day 6 of culture, the EMTi was added, and EGF, OsM, HGF, Dex, BMP4, BMP7, FGF7, FGF10, or FGF19 were added at two concentrations, high and low, in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Cultured using HCM TM medium (Fig. 4A). After 9 days of two-dimensional culture, the expression level of each gene that serves as a liver cell marker was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.
- PHH and iPS-HLC cultured only in HCM TM medium as in Example 1 were also confirmed.
- the expression level of each gene of ALB and CYP3A4 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR method.
- a vehicle was prepared by culturing liver organoid cells only in the EMTi-supplemented HCM TM medium.
- ALB gene expression level of cells cultured in HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL) on day 6 of culture was set at 1.0 for comparison.
- the ALB gene expression level on day 3 of culture was 0.6. As a result, the ALB gene expression level tended to increase in all groups compared to the 6th day of culture.
- the EMTi and Dex (10 mM) action group and the EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL) action group showed a tendency to increase the ALB gene expression level, but no significant difference was observed between the groups (Fig. 4B).
- the CYP3A4 gene expression level also showed an increasing trend in all groups compared to day 6 of culture. Especially in the EMTi and Dex (10 ⁇ M) action group and the EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL) action group, the CYP3A4 gene expression level was increased up to about 40 times (Fig. 4C).
- the hepatic organoid cells are cultured in a monolayer, they are cultured in the HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and BMP7 (50 ng/mL) shown in Example 2 for up to 3 days, and FGF19 (100 ng/mL) and EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL) were cultured until day 6, and EMTi, FGF19 (100 ng/mL ) and Dex (10 ⁇ M) were added on day 6 of culture.
- HCM TM medium liver organoid cells can be effectively differentiated and matured (Fig. 4D).
- the two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes prepared by the method shown in FIG. 4D are also referred to as "hepatocytes of the present invention (2D differentiated cells)".
- Example 5 Hepatocyte function evaluation (drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 activity)
- hepatic organoid cells, three-dimensional cultured cells prepared by the method shown in Non-Patent Document 1 (hereinafter also referred to as "conventional hepatocytes (3D differentiated cells)") and hepatocytes of the present invention (2D differentiated cells ) was evaluated using the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 activity as an index (Fig. 5A).
- PHH primary cultured human hepatocytes
- CYP3A4 activity was measured using the P450-Glo TM CYP3A4 Assay and Screening System (Promega). Luminescence was measured using a luminometer (Lumat LB 9507, Berthold) using Luciferin-IPA as a substrate for CYP3A4. CYP3A4 activity was corrected by the amount of protein in each well.
- the hepatocytes of the present invention (2D differentiated cells) were confirmed to have higher CYP3A4 activity than conventional hepatocytes (3D differentiated cells), and the activity was comparable to that of PHH (human primary cultured hepatocytes) immediately after freezing and thawing. (Fig. 5B).
- Example 6 Hepatocyte function evaluation (induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes)
- the hepatocytes (2D differentiated cells) of the present invention were evaluated for induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes on days 3, 6 and 9 of culture (Fig. 6A).
- CYP2B6 inducer PHE Phenobarbital, 1 mM
- CYP1A2 inducer OME Omeprazole, 50 ⁇ M
- CYP3A4 inducer RIF Rafampicin, 10 ⁇ M
- ⁇ Ct value ((Ct value of GAPDH)-(Ct value of target gene)) of each CYP gene was measured for each cell.
- DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide
- the hepatocytes (2D differentiated cells) of the present invention were highly sensitive to various drug-metabolizing enzyme inducers, and each inducer enhanced the expression level of each drug-metabolizing enzyme gene (Fig. 6B).
- Example 7 Evaluation of hepatocyte function (evaluation of toxicity due to drug causing liver injury)
- the hepatocytes (2D differentiated cells) of the present invention were evaluated for toxicity by a drug causing liver damage on day 9 of culture.
- hepatocytes were treated with acetaminophen or troglitazone, which are known to cause liver injury, at each concentration for 24 hours, and then the cell viability was measured by WST8 assay (Fig. 7A).
- Human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes were also measured in the same manner as a control. It was suggested that the hepatocytes of the present invention may be applicable to hepatotoxicity evaluation tests.
- Example 8 Functional evaluation by spheroid culture
- functional evaluation was performed on spheroidized cells prepared from hepatic organoid cells. Hepatic organoid cells were seeded at 7.5 ⁇ 10 3 /well in Nunclon Sphera 96U Bottom Plate (manufactured by Thermo Scientific), which is a spheroid culture vessel, and HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and BMP7 (50 ng/mL) was added. were cultured until day 3 of culture and differentiated. The medium was replaced on day 3 of culture, and spheroid culture was continued until day 6 of culture using HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL). Two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes were cultured up to day 6 of culture by the method shown in FIG. 4D (FIG. 8A).
- the expression level of each gene of ALB and CYP3A4 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR method.
- the media of liver organoids were changed on day 3 of culture, and HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL) was used to culture up to day 6 of culture.
- HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL) was used to culture up to day 6 of culture.
- both the ALB and CYP3A4 gene expression levels tended to increase in spheroidized cells and two-dimensionally cultured hepatocytes compared to liver organoids (Fig. 8B).
- Example 9 Evaluation 1 by long-term culture
- the hepatocytes (2D-differentiated cells) of the present invention were continuously cultured two-dimensionally in HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi, FGF19 (100 ng/mL) and Dex (10 ⁇ M) after day 9 of culture.
- the medium was exchanged every day, and two-dimensional culture was continued until the 15th day.
- Cell morphology was confirmed by phase-contrast microscopy.
- the hepatocytes of the present invention had a cobblestone-like morphology peculiar to hepatocytes even after 15 days of culture, suggesting that they can be cultured for a long period of time (Fig. 9A).
- Hepatic organoid cells conventional hepatocytes cultured for 5 to 15 days (3D-d5-d15), hepatocytes of the present invention for 5 to 15 days in culture (2D-d3-d15), human frozen hepatocytes (PHH- 0 hr, 48 hr) and human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (iPS-HLC) were measured for various gene expression levels. The results are shown in a heat map (Fig. 9B).
- hepatocytes of the present invention adult hepatocyte markers (ALB, HNF1a, and HNF4a), drug-metabolizing enzymes (various CYP enzymes), and gene expression levels of conjugating enzymes were measured successively from day 3 to day 15 of two-dimensional culture. increased to
- Example 10 Evaluation 2 by long-term culture
- the hepatocytes (2D-differentiated cells) of the present invention were continuously cultured two-dimensionally in HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi, FGF19 (100 ng/mL) and Dex (10 ⁇ M) after day 9 of culture.
- the medium was exchanged every day, and the two-dimensional culture was continued for 30 days.
- each gene expression level of ALB and CYP3A4 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR method.
- the expression level at the start of the two-dimensional culture (0 day) was defined as 1 (Fig. 10A).
- the cells two-dimensionally cultured for 30 days were subjected to functional evaluation using drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 activity as an index.
- CYP3A4 activity was determined by the same method as in Example 5. CYP3A4 activity decreased after day 9 of culture (Fig. 10B).
- liver organoids were prepared from iPS cell-derived hepatocytes.
- iPS cell-derived hepatocytes HSC
- a liver organoid medium (Chol-med medium or Hep-med medium) was added, the medium was changed every 2 days, and the cells were cultured for 6 days.
- Chol-med medium was prepared with reference to the description of Non-Patent Document 1.
- the iPS cell-derived liver organoids produced in this example and the iPS cell-derived liver organoids produced using Chol-med medium in this and subsequent examples are referred to as "iHO" (iPSC-derived HLC Organoid).
- the iPS cell-derived liver organoids in which the Chol-med medium was switched to the Hep-med medium during the production of iHO is referred to as "iHO-Hep".
- the iHO and iHO-Hep produced were each treated with TrypLE Select TM every 10 days and subcultured (Fig. 11A).
- Fig. 11B Growth curves for liver organoids at passage 5 (iHO-p5) from day 0 to day 10 after seeding are shown.
- the viable cell rate was measured every 2 days by Cell Titer-Glo (R) 3D Cell Viability Assay (Promega) and indicated as 1.0 on day 1 of culture (Fig. 11B).
- the cell morphology was observed with a phase-contrast microscope (Fig. 11B).
- hepatocyte marker gene expression levels for iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC) and hepatic organoids at passages 1 (iHO-p1), 2nd (iHO-p2), and 3rd (iHO-p3) did.
- organoidization the gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers were greatly improved compared to HLCs before organoidization (Fig. 11C).
- Example 12 Two-dimensional culture from iPS cell-derived liver organoids
- the liver organoids (iHO) prepared in Example 11 were two-dimensionally cultured to confirm liver function.
- Hepatic organoid passage 4 (iHO-p4) prepared by the method of Example 11 was removed from Matrigel and seeded on a 96-well plate at 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 /well, and a medium for liver organoids containing EMTi (Chol-med medium) for 2 days, followed by 7 days of two-dimensional culture in HCM TM medium containing EMTi and OsM (20 ng/mL oncostatin M) (Fig. 12A).
- liver organoids at passage 4 (iHO-p4) and two-dimensionally cultured iHO-p4.
- Two-dimensional iHO-p4 was also confirmed in a system cultured in HCM TM medium without EMTi.
- Two-dimensionally cultured iHO-p4 had a morphology similar to that of hepatocytes (Fig. 12B).
- Example 13 Effects of cryopreservation of iPS cell-derived liver organoids (iHO) Gene expression levels of hepatocyte markers were analyzed for the non-frozen passage group and the frozen passage group by quantitative RT-PCR method. 6th passage (iHO-p6) and 7th passage (iHO-p7) for the unfrozen passage group, iHO-p5 for the frozen passage group after cryopreservation, reseeding and 1st passage (iHO-p5.1 ) and the second passage (iHO-p5.2). Since the frozen group showed the same level of gene expression as the unfrozen group, it was found that cell freezing is possible (Fig. 13).
- Example 14 Examination of two-dimensional culture conditions for iPS cell-derived liver organoids (iHO) 1
- two-dimensional culture conditions for the hepatic organoids (iHO) prepared in Example 11 were examined.
- protocol A for liver organoids (iHO) prepared by the method of Example 11, liver organoid cells removed from Matrigel (R) were seeded in 96-well plates at 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 /well, and Chol-med containing EMTi culture medium for 2 days, 2D culture for 3 days in HCM TM medium containing EMTi and BMP7 (50 ng/mL), then changed to HCM TM medium containing EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL).
- liver organoids (iHO) prepared by the method of Example 11 were removed from Matrigel (R) and seeded in a 96-well plate at 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 /well, Chol-med medium containing EMTi for 2 days, followed by 2D culture in HCM TM medium containing EMTi and BMP7 (50 ng/mL) for 3 days, then changed to HCM TM medium containing EMTi and FGF19 (100 ng/mL).
- iPS cell-derived liver organoids iHO-Hep
- Hep-med medium containing EMTi for 2 days.
- the iHO-Hep-derived liver organoid cells were two-dimensionally cultured in the same manner as in A (Fig. 15A).
- the gene expression level of the hepatocyte marker increased by two-dimensional culture in both protocols A and C.
- the gene expression level of CYP3A4 which is important for drug metabolism, was greatly improved. This suggests that two-dimensional culture improves the function of both iHO-derived and iHO-Hep-derived cultured hepatocytes (Fig. 15B).
- Example 16 Examination of two-dimensional culture conditions for iPS cell-derived liver organoids 3
- protocol D Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor, 10 ⁇ M) and SB431542 (TGF ⁇ inhibitor, 2 ⁇ M) were used instead of EMTi (Y27632 (10 ⁇ M), PD0325901 (0.5 ⁇ M), SB431542 (2 ⁇ M)) in the culture step.
- EMTi Y27632 (10 ⁇ M), PD0325901 (0.5 ⁇ M), SB431542 (2 ⁇ M)
- iHO-Hep-derived liver organoid cells were two-dimensionally cultured by the same method as protocol C in Example 15 (Fig. 16A).
- Fig. 16B Two-dimensional culture by the method of protocol D increased the gene expression level of the hepatocyte marker.
- the gene expression level of CYP3A4 which is important for drug metabolism, was greatly improved.
- the function of iHO-Hep-derived cultured hepatocytes is improved by two-dimensional culture in media containing ROCK inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, and TGF ⁇ inhibitors to EMTi containing ROCK inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, and TGF ⁇ inhibitors. It was suggested to do (Fig. 16C).
- Example 17 Examination of conditions for preparation of iPS cell-derived liver organoids
- iHO liver organoids
- Example 18 Examination of conditions for preparation of iPS cell-derived liver organoids 2
- the functions of iPS cell-derived hepatic organoids produced using Hep-med medium were confirmed depending on the stage of hepatic differentiation induction used.
- Liver organoids were produced by the same procedure as in Example 17, except that Hep-med medium was used instead of Chol-med medium.
- iPS cell-derived liver organoids HM-d9org, HM-d14org , HM-d25org.
- Liver organoids produced in Hep-med medium were used in this example and the following examples.
- day 25 of the hepatic differentiation induction process shows human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes (HLC), and iPS cell-derived liver organoids prepared with Hep-med medium from day 25 of the hepatic differentiation induction process. (HM-d25org) is called "HM-iHO”.
- HM-d9org-p1, HM-d14org liver organoids prepared from iPS cells at each stage of the hepatic differentiation induction process
- HM-d25org-p1 liver organoids prepared from iPS cells at each stage of the hepatic differentiation induction process
- HM-iHO Two-dimensional culture from iPS cell-derived liver organoids
- HM-iHO liver organoids
- HM-iHO liver organoids prepared in Example 18
- HM-iHO The iHO-derived liver organoid cells were two-dimensionally cultured (Fig. 19).
- Hepatic organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Hep-med medium and a two-dimensional culture group (HM-iHO-2D, day 11) obtained by two-dimensionally culturing HM-iHO for 11 days were observed under a phase-contrast microscope (Fig. 19).
- HM-iHO two-dimensional culture group obtained by two-dimensionally culturing HM-iHO for 11 days were observed under a phase-contrast microscope (Fig. 19).
- Hepatic organoids and two-dimensional cultures exhibited hepatocyte-like polygonal cell morphology.
- EMTi is a combination of 0.5 ⁇ M PD0325901, 2 ⁇ M SB431542, and 10 ⁇
- Example 20 Hepatocyte function evaluation (hepatocyte marker gene expression level)
- HM-iHO-derived liver organoid cells were two-dimensionally cultured from the liver organoids (HM-iHO) produced in Example 18 by the same method as in Example 19 (Fig. 20A).
- Hepatocyte markers in two-dimensional cultures (passage 5 -2D, passage 10 -2D, passage 15 -2D) of liver organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Hep-med medium at passages 5, 10, and 15 for 11 days
- Gene expression levels were analyzed by the qRT-PCR method (Fig. 20C).
- PHH-48hr was obtained by culturing primary human hepatocytes for 48 hours.
- Example 21 Evaluation 3 by long-term culture
- the liver organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18 were two-dimensionally cultured (Fig. 21A).
- Two-dimensional culture was performed by the same method as in Example 19, and the two-dimensional culture was continued in HCM TM medium supplemented with EMTi, FGF19 (100 ng/mL) and DEX (10 ⁇ M) after 11 days of two-dimensional culture.
- the medium was replaced every 9 days, and the two-dimensional culture was continued until the 20th day.
- Cell morphology on days 2, 5, 8, 11 and 20 (day 2, day 5, day 8, day 11 and day 20) of two-dimensional culture was observed with a phase-contrast microscope (Fig.
- HM-iHO can be two-dimensionally cultured for about 3 weeks, suggesting that unprecedented long-term culture is possible.
- Example 22 Hepatocyte function evaluation (bile canaliculi formation)
- the liver organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18 were two-dimensionally cultured by the same method as in Example 19, and then EMTi, FGF19 (100 ng/mL), DEX (10 ⁇ M), Matrigel Change to HCM TM medium containing (R) (0.25 mg/mL) and culture for 3 days, then change to HCM TM medium containing EMTi, FGF19 (100 ng/mL) and DEX (10 ⁇ M) for 3 days After culturing, the medium was replaced with HCM TM medium containing EMTi, FGF19 (100 ng/mL), DEX (10 ⁇ M), and Matrigel (R) (0.25 mg/mL) for 3 days, followed by sandwich culture (Fig.
- Example 23 Effect of cryopreservation of iPS cell-derived liver organoids (HM-iHO)
- passage number 2.0 (passage 2.0) and passage number 2.4 of the liver organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18 (passage 2.4) was two-dimensionally cultured for 11 days by the same method as in Example 19, and the function of hepatocytes was evaluated (Fig. 23A).
- Each liver organoid was two-dimensionally cultured for 11 days (passage 2.0-2D, passage 2.4-2D) and analyzed for CYP3A4 activity (Fig. 23B).
- passage 2.0 is a liver organoid that was reseeded after cryopreservation of the liver organoid (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18, and passage 2.4 is a liver organoid that was prepared in Example 18 (HM-iHO) after cryopreservation , 4th passage of reseeded liver organoids.
- PHH-48hr was obtained by culturing primary human hepatocytes for 48 hours.
- hepatic organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18 were two-dimensionally cultured for 11 days for passage number 6 (passage 6), which is an unfrozen group, and passage number 2.4 (passage 2.4), which is a frozen group (
- the hepatocyte marker gene expression level in passage 6 -2D, passage 2.4 -2D) was analyzed by the qRT-PCR method (Fig. 23C).
- PHH-48hr was obtained by culturing primary human hepatocytes for 48 hours. Two-dimensional culture of HM-iHO after cryopreservation showed high CYP3A4 activity and gene expression, and cryopreservation was possible.
- Example 24 Comparison 1 of iPS cell-derived liver organoids
- the cell proliferation ability of the liver organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18 and the liver organoids (iHO) prepared in Example 11 was analyzed.
- HM-iHO was superior to iHO in cell proliferation (Fig. 24).
- Example 25 Comparison 2 of iPS cell-derived liver organoids
- the liver organoids (HM-iHO) produced in Example 18 and the liver organoids (iHO) produced in Example 11 were compared in hepatocyte function.
- a liver organoid was produced by the method of Example 18 or Example 11 (Fig. 25A).
- Example 26 Comparison 3 of iPS cell-derived liver organoids
- the liver organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18 were two-dimensionally cultured for 11 days in the same manner as in Example 19, and the liver organoids (iHO) prepared in Example 11 were subjected to protocol A of Example 15. Two-dimensional culture was performed for 11 days by the same method as in (Fig. 26A).
- Comparison of hepatocyte function between the hepatic organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18 and the hepatic organoids (iHO) prepared in Example 11 that were two-dimensionally cultured for 11 days (HM-iHO-2D, iHO-2D) did.
- HM-iHO-2D and iHO-2D were analyzed for CYP3A4 activity (Fig. 26B).
- PHH-48hr was obtained by culturing primary human hepatocytes for 48 hours.
- hepatocyte marker gene expression levels in HM-iHO-2D and iHO-2D were analyzed by qRT-PCR (Fig. 26C).
- PHH-48hr was obtained by culturing primary human hepatocytes for 48 hours.
- HM-iHO was superior to iHO in liver function after two-dimensional culture.
- Example 27 Two-dimensional culture of frozen organoids
- the first passage (HM-iHO-passage1) of the liver organoids (HM-iHO) prepared in Example 18 was seeded after cryopreservation at -150°C for 2 weeks. Then, two-dimensional culture was performed for 11 days by the same method as in Example 19, and the function of hepatocytes was evaluated (Fig. 27A).
- the first passage (HM-iHO-passage1) of the liver organoids (HM-iHO) produced in Example 18 was treated with TrypLE Select to collect single cells. The recovered cells were suspended in a STEMCELLBANKER, placed in cryopreservation equipment (Bicell), and allowed to stand overnight at -80°C.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention have increased gene expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes compared to liver organoids. Furthermore, the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention maintain high activity not only for gene expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes but also for drug-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, it can be effectively used for pharmacokinetic evaluation in vitro. Furthermore, the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention exhibit excellent sensitivity to drugs that cause liver injury. According to the method for producing cultured hepatocytes of the present invention, a large amount of cells having such excellent performance can be supplied in the same lot, and hepatocytes of constant quality can be supplied semipermanently.
- the pluripotent stem cell liver organoid of the present invention tends to have high gene expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, and can be cryopreserved. By providing such excellent liver organoids, excellent hepatocytes and the like can be produced.
- Such excellent quality hepatocytes and their cell populations can be used for pharmacokinetic evaluation and drug toxicity evaluation kits.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention can also be used for regenerative medicine and cell therapy in cases that conventionally required liver transplantation.
- regenerative medicine using the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention for example, damaged hepatocytes can be repaired in patients with diseases such as hepatitis, fatty liver, autoimmune hepatitis, and liver cancer, and fibrotic liver can be restored to normal function. It is thought that it will be possible to return to the normal state, and an effective therapeutic effect can be expected.
- the cultured hepatocytes of the present invention it is possible to select cultured hepatocytes with higher immunocompatibility for patients, and further reduce the risk of undesirable viral infection and the like associated with organ transplantation. can be very good.
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Abstract
Description
1.肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなる培養肝細胞であって、前記培養肝細胞の薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量が、肝オルガノイドの前記薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量に比べて増加していることを特徴とする培養肝細胞。
2.前記薬物代謝酵素が、CYP3A4、CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1及びUGT1A1より選択される1又は複数の薬物代謝酵素である、前項1に記載の培養肝細胞。
3.前記培養肝細胞における成人肝細胞マーカーの遺伝子発現量が、肝オルガノイドの前記成人肝細胞マーカーの遺伝子発現量に比べて同等又は同等以上に発現していることを特徴とする、前項1又は2に記載の培養肝細胞。
4.前記成人肝細胞マーカーが、ALB(Albumin)、HNF1a(Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha)、HFN4a(Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha)及びNTCP(Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide)より選択される1又は複数のマーカーである、前項3に記載の培養肝細胞。
5.前記培養肝細胞が、二次元培養による二次元培養化肝細胞又はスフェロイド培養によるスフェロイド化肝細胞である、前項1~4のいずれかに記載の培養肝細胞。
6.前記肝オルガノイドが、肝臓細胞由来肝オルガノイド又は多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドである、前項1~5のいずれかに記載の培養肝細胞。
7.前記多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドが、iPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドである、前項6に記載の培養肝細胞。
8.以下の工程を含む、肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなる培養肝細胞の作製方法:
1)肝オルガノイドを単一細胞に分離する工程;
2)前記単一細胞に分離した肝オルガノイド細胞を二次元培養用基材に播種して培養し、単層膜を作製する工程。
9.以下の工程を含む、肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなる培養肝細胞の作製方法:
1)肝オルガノイドを単一細胞に分離する工程;
2)前記単一細胞に分離した肝オルガノイド細胞をスフェロイド形成用培養器で培養する工程。
10.前記2)の培養工程で、培養液にEGF、OsM、HGF、Dex、BMP4、BMP7、FGF7、FGF10及びFGF19より選択される1種又は2種以上の液性因子を含む培地を用いて培養することを特徴とする、前項8又は9に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
11.前項8の2)又は9の2)の培養工程で、培養液にROCK阻害剤、TGFβ阻害剤、MEK阻害剤及びGSK3阻害剤より選択されるいずれか1種又は複数種の阻害剤を含む培地を用いて培養することを特徴とする、前項8~10のいずれかに記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
12.前項8の2)又は9の2)の培養工程で、培養液にMEK阻害剤、TGFβ阻害剤及びROCK阻害剤を含む培地を用いて培養することを特徴とする、前項8~11のいずれかに記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
13.前記肝オルガノイドが、肝臓細胞由来肝オルガノイド若しくは多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドである、前項8~12のいずれかに記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
14.前記肝オルガノイドが多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドであり、多能性幹細胞を少なくとも14日間培養した細胞から作製した肝オルガノイドである、前項13に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
15.前記肝オルガノイドが多能性肝細胞由来肝オルガノイドであり、iPS由来肝細胞から作製した肝オルガノイドである、前項13に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
16.前記肝オルガノイドの作製及び/若しくは培養に用いる培地が、Hep-med培地又はChol-med培地である、前項8~15のいずれかに記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
17.前項8~16のいずれかに記載の作製方法により作製された培養肝細胞。
18.前項1~7及び17のいずれかに記載の培養肝細胞を含み、さらに検査のために必要なデバイス及び/又は試薬を含む、薬物動態評価及び/又は薬物毒性評価用キット。
19.前項1~7及び17のいずれかに記載の培養肝細胞を用いた薬物動態評価方法及び/又は薬物毒性評価方法。
20.ROCK阻害剤を1~50μM及びTGFβ阻害剤を0.1~5μM含むことを特徴とする肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなる培養肝細胞の培養用培地。
21.多能性幹細胞を少なくとも14日間培養した細胞から作製する工程を含む、多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドの作製方法。
22.iPS由来肝細胞から作製する工程を含む、多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドの作製方法。
23.前項21又は22に記載の作製方法により作製された多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイド。
24.多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドであって、二次元培養又はスフェロイド培養に使用するための多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイド。
25.前記多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドが、iPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドである、前項24に記載の多能性幹細胞由来オルガノイド。
本発明培養肝細胞は、薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量が、肝オルガノイドの薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量に比べて増加していることを特徴とする。肝オルガノイドの薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量に比べて増加しているとは、例えば肝オルガノイドの薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量を1とした場合に、1.1以上、好ましくは1.5以上、さらに好ましくは3.0以上、最も好ましくは5.0以上の量で遺伝子発現していることをいう。
本明細書において「肝オルガノイド」とは肝臓細胞又は多能性幹細胞由来肝細胞から作製されたオルガノイドであればよい。ここで、「オルガノイド」とは臓器特異的な細胞からなるクラスター(細胞集団や組織構築物)をいい、臓器に類似した特徴と増殖能を有した培養細胞をいう。オルガノイドは、多孔質膜やハイドロゲル等の細胞培養用足場基材(スキャフォールド、Scaffold)を利用して三次元的に形成される。オルガノイドの培養に用いられる足場基材(以下、「オルガノイド用基材」という。)は細胞の接着・増殖を促して三次元構造を保持するために用いられ、様々な材質・ポアサイズのものが実用化されている。本発明のオルガノイド用基材は、自体公知又は今後開発されるあらゆる素材、構造のものであってよい。具体的にはハイドロゲル、ラミニン(主成分)、IV型コラーゲン、ヘパリン硫酸プロテオグリカン、エンタクチン/ニドゲン及び種々の成長因子を含むECMタンパク質が豊富なEHSマウス肉腫から抽出した可溶化基底膜等が挙げられ、例えばマトリゲル(登録商標)(Corning)基底膜等が用いられる。
上記性質を有する本発明培養肝細胞は、二次元培養による二次元培養化肝細胞又はスフェロイド培養によるスフェロイド化肝細胞である。本明細書における二次元培養化肝細胞及びスフェロイド化肝細胞は、いずれもオルガノイド用基材を利用した培養により形成した肝オルガノイドを出発原料とし、単一細胞に分離する工程を経て作製される。以降、前記肝オルガノイドをオルガノイド用基材から剥離し、単一細胞に分離された肝オルガノイド由来細胞を「肝オルガノイド細胞」ともいう。
本発明培養肝細胞のうち二次元培養化肝細胞は以下の工程を含む方法により作製することができる。
1)肝オルガノイドを単一細胞に分離する工程;
2)前記単一細胞に分離した肝オルガノイド細胞を二次元培養用基材に播種して培養し、単層膜を作製する工程。
本発明の肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなるスフェロイド化肝細胞は以下の工程を含む方法により作製することができる。
1)肝オルガノイドを単一細胞に分離する工程;
2)前記単一細胞に分離した肝オルガノイド細胞をスフェロイド形成用培養器で培養する工程。
前記二次元培養化肝細胞の作製方法のうち工程1)に示す方法で単一細胞に分離することができる。
前記肝オルガノイド細胞をスフェロイド形成用培養器に播種してスフェロイドを作製することができる。ここで「スフェロイド」とは三次元構造を保持するための細胞培養用足場基材を必要とせず、培養容器内で細胞同士が浮遊状態で接着し、クラスターを形成する細胞塊をいう。本発明の「スフェロイド化細胞」とは肝臓細胞又は多能性幹細胞由来肝細胞から作製されたスフェロイドによる三次元構造体からなる細胞塊をいう。スフェロイド形成用培養器としては、自体公知の培養器又は今後開発される培養器を使用することができる。例えば細胞低吸着処理された培養器であって、例えば培養フラスコ、シャーレや96ウェル培養プレート、384ウェル培養プレート、400ウェル培養プレートを使用することができ、ウェル形状として例えばU底、V底や紡錘底等の形状のものを使用することができる。具体的には例えばNunclon Sphera 96U Bottom Plate (Thermo scientific社製)、EZSHERE SP MICROPLATE 24 Well with Lid (型番:4820-900SP)(IWAKI製)、Elplasia plate with Lid 24-Well Round Bottom 500/400, Ultra Low Attachment (型番:4441)(Corning製)、SPHERICALPLATE5D 3D cell culture rEvolution(水戸工業製)等を使用することができる。
本発明の二次元培養化肝細胞は、15日以上、さらには20日以上、さらには30日以上、長期培養することができる。長期培養において使用する維持用培養液として上記二次元培養化肝細胞作製時に使用する培養液と同様に肝細胞培養培地であるHCMTM培地(LONZA社)、DMEM(Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium)、DMEM/F12(DMEM/Nutrient Mixture F-12)、HepatoZYME(Gibco)、Willam's E(Gibco)を使用することができる。特にROCK阻害剤、MEK阻害剤及びTGFβ阻害剤の組み合わせで培地に添加するのが好適である。具体的にはROCK阻害剤を1~50μM、好ましくは5~30μMより好ましくは5~10μM、MEK阻害剤を0.01~1μM、好ましくは0.1~1μMより好ましくは0.3~0.8μM及びTGFβ阻害剤を0.1~5μM、好ましくは0.5~3μMより好ましくは1~3μMで添加するのがさらに好適である。上記培地中には、さらにEGF、OsM、HGF、Dex、BMP4、BMP7、FGF7、FGF10及びFGF19より選択される1種又は2種以上の液性因子を含むのが好適である。特にDex(1~100μM)及びFGF19(10~1000 ng/mL)を含むのが好適である。前記維持培地は適宜交換することができる。培地交換の頻度は特に限定されないが、例えば1~15日毎に交換することができ、好適には1~7日毎、より好適にはは1~3日毎に交換することができる。培養全期間を通じて上記培地成分にペニシリンGナトリウム塩、硫酸ストレプトマイシン及びアンホテリシンBなどの抗生物質、例えば1×Antibiotic-Antimycotic(Sigma-Aldrich)等を適宜含ませて使用することができる。
本発明培養肝細胞は、上述の如く薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量が肝オルガノイドの薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量に比べて増加しており、例えば肝オルガノイドの薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量を1とした場合に、1.1以上、好ましくは1.5以上、さらに好ましくは3.0以上、最も好ましくは5.0以上の量で発現している。また、本発明培養肝細胞は、薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現のみならず薬物代謝酵素について高い活性を維持している。このことから、in vitroでの薬物動態評価に有効に利用することができる。さらに本発明培養肝細胞は、肝障害発現薬剤に対して優れた感受性を示す。特に三次元の足場となる基材を用いていないので、種々の被験化合物がマトリゲル等の基材に捕捉されることなく薬物の毒性を評価できる点で非常に優れている。本発明培養肝細胞の作製方法によれば、このような優れた性能を有する細胞を同一ロットで大量に供給することができ、一定の品質の肝細胞を半永久的に供給することができる。かかる優れた品質の肝細胞やその細胞集団は、薬物動態評価や薬物毒性評価用キットに使用することができる。これにより創薬開発等医薬品の研究開発において化合物の肝障害リスクを早期に予測することができ、研究開発の成功率を上げることや費用及び期間の削減のために非常に有用である。本発明は、本発明培養肝細胞を含み、さらに薬物動態評価や薬物毒性評価のために必要なデバイス及び/又は試薬等を含む、薬物動態評価及び/又は薬物毒性評価用キットにも及ぶ。さらに本発明培養肝細胞を用いた薬物動態評価方法及び/又は薬物毒性評価方法にも及ぶ。
本実施例では、市販のヒト凍結肝細胞(XenoTech社)から作製した肝オルガノイドを単層培養化するための培養条件について検討した。ヒト凍結肝細胞をTrypLE SelectTMを作用させて剥離しシングルセルを回収し、洗浄、遠心分離処理後、マトリゲル(R)(Corning)に包埋した(播種密度概算値=5×105 cells/40μL droplet)。37℃で15分間インキュベート後、肝オルガノイド用培地(Chol-med培地)を用いて培養し、肝オルガノイドを作製した。
実施例1と同様に基本培地としてHCMTM培地(LONZA社)を用い、各種因子を添加したときの肝オルガノイド細胞を単層培養化したときの培養条件について検討した。
実施例1と同様に基本培地としてHCMTM培地(LONZA社)を用い、分化誘導時に用いられるGSK-3(Glycogen synthase kinase 3)阻害剤、TGFβ(Transforming Growth Factor-β)阻害剤、EMT(epithelial-mesenchymal transition)阻害剤について以下の各種条件で添加し、肝オルガノイド細胞を単層培養したときの分化、成熟化に係るスクリーニングを行った。実施例1と同手法によりALB及びCYP3A4の各遺伝子発現量を定量的RT-PCR法により解析した。EMT阻害剤として、ROCK(Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase)阻害剤、MEK(Mitogen-activated Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase)阻害剤及びTGFβ阻害剤を用いた。
・TGFβ阻害剤:A83-01(5μM)、LDN193189(300nM)
・EMT阻害剤の組み合わせ(EMTi):Y27632(ROCK阻害剤、10μM)+PD0325901(MEK阻害剤、0.5μM)+SB431542(TGFβ阻害剤、2μM)
上記EMTiを添加し、さらに実施例1と同様にEGF、OsM、HGF、Dex、BMP4、BMP7、FGF7、FGF10又はFGF19について高濃度及び低濃度の2濃度にてそれぞれ添加したHCMTM培地を用いて肝オルガノイド細胞を培養した。実施例1と同様に二次元培養72時間での肝臓細胞マーカーとなる各遺伝子発現量を定量的RT-PCR法により解析した。比較例として、実施例1と同様にHCMTM培地のみで培養したPHH、iPS-HLCについても確認した。
実施例1及び2と同様に各種因子を添加したHCMTM培地で肝オルガノイド細胞を単層培養したときの培養6日目までの培養条件を検討した。
実施例1~3と同様に各種因子を添加して肝オルガノイド細胞を単層培養したときの培養9日目までの培養条件を検討した。
本実施例では肝オルガノイド細胞、非特許文献1に示す方法で作製した三次元培養細胞(以下、「従来法肝細胞(3D分化細胞)」ともいう。)及び本発明の肝細胞(2D分化細胞)について、薬物代謝酵素CYP3A4活性を指標とする機能評価を行った(図5A)。比較例としてPHH(ヒト初代培養肝細胞)について凍結細胞を融解後、HCMTM培地を用いて48時間培養し、凍結融解直後の培養上清をPHH 0hr、48時間培養後の培養上清をPHH 48hrとした。CYP3A4活性は、P450-GloTM CYP3A4 Assay and Screening System(Promega)を用いて測定した。CYP3A4の基質としてLuciferin-IPAを使用し、ルミノメーター(Lumat LB 9507, Berthold)により発光を測定した。CYP3A4活性はwell毎のタンパク質量による補正を行った。
本実施例では本発明の肝細胞(2D分化細胞)について、培養3日目、6日目及び9日目での薬物代謝酵素の誘導評価を行った(図6A)。培養3日目、6日目又は9日目に、各々CYP2B6誘導剤であるPHE(Phenobarbital, 1 mM)、CYP1A2誘導剤であるOME(Omeprazole, 50μM)又はCYP3A4誘導剤であるRIF(Rifampicin, 10μM)を培地に添加し、24時間作用させた。その後各細胞について、各CYP遺伝子のΔCt値((Ct value of GAPDH)-(Ct value of target gene))を測定した。対照として、各代謝酵素活性化剤の溶媒であるDMSO(Dimethylsulfoxide)を添加した。本発明の肝細胞(2D分化細胞)は各種薬物代謝酵素誘導剤に対して感受性が高く、各誘導剤によってより各薬物代謝酵素遺伝子の発現量が亢進した(図6B)。
本実施例では本発明の肝細胞(2D分化細胞)について、培養9日目での肝障害発現薬剤による毒性評価を行った。培養9日目に肝細胞に肝障害の発現が知られているAcetaminophen又はtroglitazoneを各濃度にて24時間作用させた後のWST8 assayにより細胞生存率を測定した(図7A)。対照としてヒトiPS細胞由来肝細胞についても同様に測定した。本発明の肝細胞は、肝毒性評価試験に適用可能で得あることが示唆された。
本実施例では、肝オルガノイド細胞から作製したスフェロイド化細胞について機能評価を行った。肝オルガノイド細胞を7.5×103/wellにて、スフェロイド培養用容器であるNunclon Sphera 96U Bottom Plate(Thermo scientific社製)に播種し、EMTiとBMP7(50 ng/mL)を添加したHCMTM培地を用いて培養3日目まで培養し、分化させた。培養3日目に培地交換し、EMTiとFGF19(100 ng/mL)を添加したHCMTM培地を用いて培養6日目までスフェロイド培養した。二次元培養化肝細胞は、図4Dに示す方法で培養6日目まで培養した(図8A)。
本実施例では本発明の肝細胞(2D分化細胞)について、培養9日以降もEMTi、FGF19(100 ng/mL)及びDex(10μM)を添加したHCMTM培地で二次元培養を継続し、3日毎に培地交換を行い、15日まで二次元培養を継続した。細胞の形態を位相差顕微鏡で確認した。本発明の肝細胞は、培養15日目においても肝細胞特有の敷石状の形態を有しており、長期培養可能であることが示唆された(図9A)。
本実施例では本発明の肝細胞(2D分化細胞)について、培養9日以降もEMTi、FGF19(100 ng/mL)及びDex(10μM)を添加したHCMTM培地で二次元培養を継続し、3日毎に培地交換を行い、30日まで二次元培養を継続した。各細胞について、ALB及びCYP3A4の各遺伝子発現量を定量的RT-PCR法により測定した。二次元培養開始時(0 day)の発現量を1とした(図10A)。
本実施例では、iPS細胞由来肝細胞から肝オルガノイドを作製した。iPS細胞由来肝細胞(HLC)にTrypLE SelectTMを1時間作用させて剥離した。2段階(200、70μL)のストレイナー処理でシングルセルを回収した。回収した細胞を遠心処理し、PBS+Y27632(10μM)で懸濁した。さらに遠心処理し、回収した細胞をマトリゲル(R)に包埋した(播種密度概算値=5×105 cells/40μL droplet)。37℃で15分間インキュベート後、肝臓オルガノイド用培地(Chol-med培地又はHep-med培地)を添加し、2日ごとに培地交換し6日間培養した。Chol-med培地は非特許文献1の記載を参考に作製した。本実施例において作製したiPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドを、本実施例及び以降の実施例においてChol-med培地を用いて作製したiPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドを「iHO」(iPSC-derived HLC Organoid)といい、iHOの作製途中でChol-med培地からHep-med培地に切り替えたiPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドを「iHO-Hep」ということとする。作製したiHO及びiHO-Hepは、それぞれ10日毎にTrypLE SelectTMを用いて細胞を処理し、継代培養した(図11A)。
本実施例では実施例11で作製した肝オルガノイド(iHO)を二次元培養し、肝機能を確認した。実施例11の方法で作製した肝オルガノイド4継代目(iHO-p4)をマトリゲルから取り出し、1.2×105/wellにて、96ウェルプレートに播種し、EMTiを含む肝オルガノイド用培地(Chol-med培地)で2日間二次元培養後、EMTi及びOsM(20 ng/mL oncostatin M)を含むHCMTM培地で7日間二次元培養した(図12A)。肝オルガノイド4継代目(iHO-p4)及び二次元培養したiHO-p4について細胞形態を確認した。二次元培養iHO-p4については、EMTiを含まないHCMTM培地で培養した系についても確認した。二次元培養iHO-p4は肝細胞に近い形態であった(図12B)。
本実施例ではiPS細胞由来肝細胞(HLC)、実施例11の方法で作製した肝オルガノイド5継代目(iHO-p5)、その未凍結継代群及び凍結継代群について肝細胞マーカーの遺伝子発現量を定量的RT-PCR法により解析した。未凍結継代群として6継代目(iHO-p6)及び7継代目(iHO-p7)、凍結継代群としてiHO-p5を凍結保存後、再播種して1継代目(iHO-p5.1)と2継代目(iHO-p5.2)について確認した。凍結群は未凍結群と同等の遺伝子発現量を示したことから、細胞凍結が可能なことが判明した(図13)。
本実施例では実施例11で作製した肝オルガノイド(iHO)の二次元培養条件について検討した。プロトコルAでは実施例11の方法で作製した肝オルガノイド(iHO)について、マトリゲル(R)から取り出した肝オルガノイド細胞を1.2×105/wellにて96ウェルプレートに播種し、EMTiを含むChol-med培地で2日間二次元培養し、EMTi及びBMP7(50 ng/mL)を含むHCMTM培地で3日間二次元培養し、次にEMTi及びFGF19(100 ng/mL)を含むHCMTM培地に交換して3日間二次元培養し、さらにEMTi、FGF19(100 ng/mL)及びDex(10μM)を含むHCMTM培地で3日間二次元培養した(図14A)。プロトコルBでは、前記肝オルガノイド細胞を1.2×105/wellにて96ウェルプレートに播種し、EMTiを含むChol-med培地で2日間二次元培養し、次にEMTi及びOsM(20 ng/mL)を含むHCMTM培地に交換して7日間二次元培養した(図14A)。プロトコルA及びBのいずれについても二次元培養することで肝細胞マーカーの遺伝子発現量が増加した。特に薬物代謝に重要なCYP3A4の遺伝子発現量は大幅に向上した。これにより二次元培養によりiHO由来培養肝細胞の機能が向上することが示唆された。
本実施例ではiPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドの二次元培養条件について検討した。プロトコルAでは実施例11の方法で作製した肝オルガノイド(iHO)をマトリゲル(R)から取り出した肝オルガノイド細胞を1.2×105/wellにて96ウェルプレートに播種し、EMTiを含むChol-med培地で2日間二次元培養し、次にEMTi及びBMP7(50 ng/mL)を含むHCMTM培地で3日間二次元培養し、次にEMTi及びFGF19(100 ng/mL)を含むHCMTM培地に交換して3日間二次元培養し、さらにEMTi、FGF19(100 ng/mL)及びDex(10μM)を含むHCMTM培地で3日間二次元培養した(図15A)。プロトコルCでは、iHOの作製途中でChol-med培地からHep-med培地に切り替えたiPS細胞由来肝オルガノイド(iHO-Hep)から、EMTiを含むHep-med培地で2日間二次元培養したほかはプロトコルAと同様にiHO-Hep由来肝オルガノイド細胞を二次元培養した(図15A)。
本実施例ではプロトコルDとして、培養工程でEMTi(Y27632(10μM)、PD0325901(0.5μM)、SB431542(2μM))の代わりにY27632(ROCK阻害剤、10μM)及びSB431542(TGFβ阻害剤、2μM)を用いたほか他実施例15のプロトコルCと同手法によりiHO-Hep由来肝オルガノイド細胞を二次元培養した(図16A)。
本実施例ではiPS細胞からの肝オルガノイド(iHO)の作製について、使用する細胞の肝分化誘導段階の違いにより、樹立される肝オルガノイドの機能を確認した。
本実施例ではHep-med培地を用いて作製したiPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドについて、使用する肝分化誘導段階の違いにより、樹立される肝オルガノイドの機能を確認した。Chol-med培地の代わりにHep-med培地を用いたほかは実施例17と同手法により肝オルガノイドを作製した。具体的には、図18Aに示すiPS細胞から培養9、14及び25日後の肝分化誘導過程の各段階の細胞(day9, day14, day25)からiPS細胞由来肝オルガノイド(HM-d9org, HM-d14org, HM-d25org)を作製した。本実施例及び以降の実施例ではHep-med培地により作製された肝オルガノイドを用いた。また、本実施例及び以降の実施例において、肝分化誘導過程のday25はヒトiPS細胞由来肝細胞(HLC)を示し、肝分化誘導過程のday25からHep-med培地により作製したiPS細胞由来肝オルガノイド(HM-d25org)を「HM-iHO」ということとする。
本実施例では実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)から、実施例15のプロトコルCと同様にHM-iHO由来肝オルガノイド細胞を二次元培養した(図19)。Hep-med培地で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO) 及びHM-iHOを11日間二次元培養した二次元培養群(HM-iHO-2D, day11)について位相差顕微鏡像にて観察した(図19)。肝オルガノイド及び二次元培養群では、肝細胞様多角形の細胞形態を示した。なお、EMTiは0.5μM PD0325901, 2μM SB431542, 10μM Y27632を組み合わせたものである。
本実施例では実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)から、実施例19と同手法によりHM-iHO由来肝オルガノイド細胞を二次元培養した(図20A)。Hep-med培地で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)の0, 5, 10, 15継代目(passage 0, passage 5, passage 10, passage 15)における肝細胞マーカー遺伝子発現量をqRT-PCR法により解析した(図20B)。データは各遺伝子発現量をHLC=1.0とした。Hep-med培地で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)の5, 10, 15継代目を11日間二次元培養したもの(passage 5 -2D, passage 10 -2D, passage 15 -2D)における肝細胞マーカー遺伝子発現量をqRT-PCR法により解析した(図20C)。PHH-48hrはヒト初代培養肝細胞を48時間培養したものである。データは各遺伝子発現量をHLC=1.0とした。継代数ごとの遺伝子発現について、オルガノイド状態では大きな差が見られたが、二次元培養することでその差は小さくなり安定していた。
本実施例では、実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)を二次元培養した(図21A)。実施例19と同手法によりで二次元培養し、二次元培養11日目以降もEMTi、FGF19(100 ng/mL)、DEX(10μM)を添加したHCMTM培地で二次元培養を継続した。二次元培養11日目以降は9日毎に培地交換を行い20日まで二次元培養を継続した。二次元培養2, 5, 8, 11, 20日目(day2, day5, day8, day11, day20)における細胞形態を位相差顕微鏡で観察し(図21B)、CYP3A4活性について解析した(図21C)。PHH-48hrはヒト初代培養肝細胞を48時間培養したものである。HM-iHOは3週間程度二次元培養が可能であり、今までにない長さの長期培養が可能であることが示唆された。
本実施例では、実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)から、実施例19と同手法により二次元培養し、次にEMTi、FGF19(100 ng/mL)、DEX(10μM)、マトリゲル(R)(0.25 mg/mL)を含むHCMTM培地に交換して3日間培養し、次にEMTi、FGF19(100 ng/mL)、DEX(10μM)を含むHCMTM培地に交換して3日間培養し、次にEMTi、FGF19(100 ng/mL)、DEX(10μM)、マトリゲル(R)(0.25 mg/mL)を含むHCMTM培地に交換して3日間培養し、サンドイッチ培養した(図22A)。二次元培養20日目における毛細胆管形成能について解析した(図22B)。フルオレセイン標識胆汁酸(choly-lysyl-fluorescein:CLF)の毛細胆管への排出が、DMSOを作用させたcontrol群では確認できた一方で、inhibitor群ではシクロスポリンA(CsA)によって排出が阻害されていた。
本実施例では、実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)の継代数2.0(passage 2.0)及び継代数2.4(passage 2.4)を、実施例19と同手法により11日間二次元培養し肝細胞の機能評価を行った(図23A)。各肝オルガノイドを11日間二次元培養したもの(passage 2.0-2D, passage 2.4-2D)についてCYP3A4活性について解析した(図23B)。passage 2.0は、実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)を凍結保存後、再播種した肝オルガノイドであり、passage 2.4は実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)を凍結保存後、再播種した肝オルガノイドの4継代目である。PHH-48hrはヒト初代培養肝細胞を48時間培養したものである。
本実施例では、実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)と 実施例11で作製した肝オルガノイド(iHO)の細胞増殖能について解析した。細胞増殖能は、iHOよりもHM-iHOの方が優れていた(図24)。
本実施例では、実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)と実施例11で作製した肝オルガノイド(iHO)の肝細胞機能を比較した。
本実施例では実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)を実施例19と同手法により11日間二次元培養し、実施例11で作製した肝オルガノイド(iHO)を実施例15のプロトコルAと同手法により11日間二次元培養した(図26A)。実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)と実施例11で作製した肝オルガノイド(iHO)を11日間二次元培養したもの(HM-iHO-2D, iHO-2D)の肝細胞機能を比較した。
本実施例では実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)の1継代目(HM-iHO-passage1)を-150℃で2週間凍結保存後に播種して、実施例19と同手法により11日間二次元培養し肝細胞の機能評価を行った(図27A)。具体的には、実施例18で作製した肝オルガノイド(HM-iHO)の1継代目(HM-iHO-passage1)をTrypLE Selectを作用させてシングルセルにし回収した。回収した細胞をSTEMCELLBANKERで懸濁し、凍結保存機材(Bicell)に入れ-80℃で一晩静置した。その後、-150℃に移し2週間静置した。37℃の湯浴で90秒 インキュベートして解凍し、PBSで懸濁後に遠心して細胞回収した。セルカウント後の細胞を、実施例19と同様の細胞密度及び培養条件で11日間二次元培養することでcryopreserved-HM-iHO-passage1-2Dを得た。
Claims (25)
- 肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなる培養肝細胞であって、前記培養肝細胞の薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量が、肝オルガノイドの前記薬物代謝酵素の遺伝子発現量に比べて増加していることを特徴とする培養肝細胞。
- 前記薬物代謝酵素が、CYP3A4、CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1及びUGT1A1より選択される1又は複数の薬物代謝酵素である、請求項1に記載の培養肝細胞。
- 前記培養肝細胞における成人肝細胞マーカーの遺伝子発現量が、肝オルガノイドの前記成人肝細胞マーカーの遺伝子発現量に比べて同等又は同等以上に発現していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の培養肝細胞。
- 前記成人肝細胞マーカーが、ALB(Albumin)、HNF1a(Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha)、HFN4a(Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha)及びNTCP(Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide)より選択される1又は複数のマーカーである、請求項3に記載の培養肝細胞。
- 前記培養肝細胞が、二次元培養による二次元培養化肝細胞又はスフェロイド培養によるスフェロイド化肝細胞である、請求項1に記載の培養肝細胞。
- 前記肝オルガノイドが、肝臓細胞由来肝オルガノイド又は多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドである、請求項1に記載の培養肝細胞。
- 前記多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドが、iPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドである、請求項6に記載の培養肝細胞。
- 以下の工程を含む、肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなる培養肝細胞の作製方法:
1)肝オルガノイドを単一細胞に分離する工程;
2)前記単一細胞に分離した肝オルガノイド細胞を二次元培養用基材に播種して培養し、単層膜を作製する工程。 - 以下の工程を含む、肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなる培養肝細胞の作製方法:
1)肝オルガノイドを単一細胞に分離する工程;
2)前記単一細胞に分離した肝オルガノイド細胞をスフェロイド形成用培養器で培養する工程。 - 前記2)の培養工程で、培養液にEGF、OsM、HGF、Dex、BMP4、BMP7、FGF7、FGF10及びFGF19より選択される1種又は2種以上の液性因子を含む培地を用いて培養することを特徴とする、請求項8又は9に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
- 請求項8の2)又は9の2)の培養工程で、培養液にROCK阻害剤、TGFβ阻害剤、MEK阻害剤及びGSK3阻害剤より選択されるいずれか1種又は複数種の阻害剤を含む培地を用いて培養することを特徴とする、請求項8又は9に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
- 請求項8の2)又は9の2)の培養工程で、培養液にMEK阻害剤、TGFβ阻害剤及びROCK阻害剤を含む培地を用いて培養することを特徴とする、請求項8又は9に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
- 前記肝オルガノイドが、肝臓細胞由来肝オルガノイド若しくは多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドである、請求項8又は9に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
- 前記肝オルガノイドが多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドであり、多能性幹細胞を少なくとも14日間培養した細胞から作製した肝オルガノイドである、請求項13に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
- 前記肝オルガノイドが多能性肝細胞由来肝オルガノイドであり、iPS由来肝細胞から作製した肝オルガノイドである、請求項13に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
- 前記肝オルガノイドの作製及び/若しくは培養に用いる培地が、Hep-med培地又はChol-med培地である、請求項8又は9に記載の培養肝細胞の作製方法。
- 請求項8又は9に記載の作製方法により作製された培養肝細胞。
- 請求項1に記載の培養肝細胞を含み、さらに検査のために必要なデバイス及び/又は試薬を含む、薬物動態評価及び/又は薬物毒性評価用キット。
- 請求項1に記載の培養肝細胞を用いた薬物動態評価方法及び/又は薬物毒性評価方法。
- ROCK阻害剤を1~50μM及びTGFβ阻害剤を0.1~5μM含むことを特徴とする肝オルガノイド由来細胞からなる培養肝細胞の培養用培地。
- 多能性幹細胞を少なくとも14日間培養した細胞から作製する工程を含む、多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドの作製方法。
- iPS由来肝細胞から作製する工程を含む、多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドの作製方法。
- 請求項21又は22に記載の作製方法により作製された多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイド。
- 多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドであって、二次元培養又はスフェロイド培養に使用するための多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイド。
- 前記多能性幹細胞由来肝オルガノイドが、iPS細胞由来肝オルガノイドである、請求項24に記載の多能性幹細胞由来オルガノイド。
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| WO2024171941A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-14 | 2024-08-22 | Toppanホールディングス株式会社 | 立体的肝細胞組織及びその製造方法 |
| WO2025095107A1 (ja) * | 2023-11-01 | 2025-05-08 | 公立大学法人名古屋市立大学 | 接着型肝細胞の作製方法およびその応用 |
| CN118308303A (zh) * | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 哈尔滨医科大学 | 一种肝胆癌及正常肝胆组织类器官一体化培养基及其应用 |
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