WO2023032815A1 - 金属回収材、及び金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液から金属を回収する方法 - Google Patents
金属回収材、及び金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液から金属を回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023032815A1 WO2023032815A1 PCT/JP2022/032088 JP2022032088W WO2023032815A1 WO 2023032815 A1 WO2023032815 A1 WO 2023032815A1 JP 2022032088 W JP2022032088 W JP 2022032088W WO 2023032815 A1 WO2023032815 A1 WO 2023032815A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/125—Unicellular algae isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
- B01J2220/4831—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton having been subjected to further processing, e.g. paper, cellulose pulp
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a metal recovery material and a method of recovering metal from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions.
- the conventional method of recovering metals using algae has problems such as cost and yield, and has not been put to practical use. Accordingly, the present disclosure describes new methods of recovering metals using algae.
- a metal recovery material includes blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingvia.
- FIG. 1 shows the elements contained in the hydrochloric acid waste liquid produced when treating blue-green algae with hydrochloric acid.
- FIG. 2 shows the absorption spectrum of the ethanol waste liquid produced when cyanobacteria were treated with ethanol.
- FIG. 3 shows absorption spectra of solutions obtained by soaking ethanol-treated or untreated cyanobacteria in a tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution.
- (A) of FIG. 4 shows the element concentration of the solution obtained by immersing the blue-green algae in the hot spring water
- (B) of FIG. 4 shows the metal adsorption rate when the blue-green algae are immersed in the hot spring water. .
- FIG. 1 shows the elements contained in the hydrochloric acid waste liquid produced when treating blue-green algae with hydrochloric acid.
- FIG. 2 shows the absorption spectrum of the ethanol waste liquid produced when cyanobacteria were treated with ethanol.
- FIG. 3 shows absorption spectra of solutions obtained by soaking
- FIG. 5(A) shows the relationship between the gold concentration in the tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution and the density of the gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of the blue-green algae
- FIG. SEM images of the surface of time-soaked cyanobacteria are shown.
- FIG. 6 shows absorption spectra of solutions obtained by immersing blue-green algae in a tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution at 50° C. or 75° C.
- FIG. FIG. 7 shows absorption spectra of solutions obtained by immersing cyanobacteria in an aqueous solution of tetrachloroauric acid while applying light of different wavelengths.
- FIG. 8 shows a TEM image of gold nanoparticles in a solution obtained by immersing blue-green algae in a tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution (gold concentration: 50 ppm or 200 ppm).
- FIG. 9 shows TOF-SIMS results of colloidal gold solutions.
- FIG. 10 shows the FT-IR results of the colloidal gold solution.
- A) in FIG. 11 shows SEM images of the surface of cyanobacteria before and after ultrasonic treatment, and
- FIG. The absorption spectrum of the solution obtained by sonicating the suspension is shown.
- FIG. 12 shows the absorption spectra of colloidal gold solution before and after centrifugation at 2500 ⁇ g for 30 minutes.
- FIG. 13 shows photographs of star-shaped and heart-shaped gold.
- FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the algae/Au ratio and the rate of adsorption of gold to cyanobacteria.
- FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the ratio of the mass of cyanobacteria to the mass of rhodium, palladium, platinum, or gold and the adsorption rate of each metal to cyanobacteria.
- FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the ratio of the mass of cyanobacteria extract to the mass of rhodium, palladium, platinum, or gold and the recovery of each metal.
- a metal recovery material includes blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingvia.
- Blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingvia accession number FERM BP-22385 (original date of deposit: January 17, 2020, depositary authority: National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depository (IPOD) (zip code 292-0818 , Room 120, 2-5-8 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan))).
- the blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingvia may be a dried product of the blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingvia.
- a method for recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions includes a step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metals, and blue-green algae are leptobacterium. It is a blue-green algae belonging to the genus Ringbya. Blue-green algae, accession number FERM BP-22385 (original deposit date: January 17, 2020, deposit authority: National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center (IPOD) (zip code 292-0818, Chiba Prefecture, Japan) 2-5-8 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu City, Room 120)), which is a blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptolingvia deposited.
- IPTD National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center
- the blue-green algae is preferably acid-treated blue-green algae, more preferably blue-green algae further treated with an organic solvent.
- blue-green algae treated with acid or acid and organic solvent By using blue-green algae treated with acid or acid and organic solvent, the amount of metals adsorbed on blue-green algae can be increased.
- blue-green algae treated with an acid and an organic solvent it is possible to improve the recovery amount of metals and improve the purity of the recovered metals.
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions may be a solution containing ions or complex ions of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum and rhodium, and the metal to be recovered is gold, It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum and rhodium.
- the step of immersing the blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions may be performed at 50°C or higher.
- the step of soaking the cyanobacteria at 50° C. or higher, the release of metal nanoparticles from the cyanobacteria can be reduced, and the amount of metal nanoparticles adsorbed on the cyanobacteria can be increased.
- the cyanobacteria may be immersed in the solution containing the metal ions or the metal complex ions while irradiating visible light or ultraviolet rays.
- the cyanobacteria may be immersed while shielding the solution containing the metal ions or the metal complex ions from light.
- the method of recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions may further include recovering metals.
- Recovering the metals may include filtering the solution in which the cyanobacteria are soaked. By filtering the solution in which the cyanobacteria are immersed, the cyanobacteria can be separated from the solution in which the cyanobacteria are immersed, and a filtrate containing metal nanoparticles, that is, a metal colloid solution can be obtained.
- Recovering the metals may include sonicating the blue-green algae.
- the metal nanoparticles adsorbed to the cyanobacteria can be easily desorbed from the cyanobacteria.
- Recovering the metals may include calcining the blue-green algae. By calcining the blue-green algae, the blue-green algae themselves are removed, and the metals adsorbed on the blue-green algae can be recovered.
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions may be a solution obtained by dissolving the metal element-containing material by contacting the metal element-containing material with a solution containing nitric acid and salt.
- a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is prepared by contacting a metal element-containing material with a solution containing 10% by mass or more of aqua regia to obtain a solution of the metal element-containing material; and diluting the aqua regia so that the concentration of the aqua regia is 5% by mass or less to obtain a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions.
- the step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions includes (i) a step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metal and adsorb the metal to blue-green algae. It's okay.
- a method for recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions according to this aspect of the present disclosure includes the steps of (ii) recovering blue-green algae to which metals have been adsorbed; and (iii) recovering metals from the recovered blue-green algae. and a step.
- the step (i) of immersing the blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions and the step (ii) of recovering the metal-adsorbed blue-green algae may be performed two or more times.
- the cyanobacteria used are cyanobacteria other than the cyanobacteria recovered from the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions.
- a method for producing gold nanoparticles includes a step of immersing cyanobacteria in a solution containing gold ions or gold complex ions to generate gold nanoparticles, and the cyanobacteria are cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Leptolingbia. .
- a method for producing a metal molding includes a step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metal and adsorbing the metal on blue-green algae;
- the method includes a step of collecting the collected blue-green algae, a step of shaping the recovered blue-green algae, and a step of firing the shaped blue-green algae to obtain a metal molding, and the blue-green algae is a blue-green alga belonging to the genus Leptolingbia.
- Metal moldings may be used for personal accessories.
- a method for recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions includes a step of contacting a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions with a cyanobacteria extract to generate metals, Blue-green algae are blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingbia.
- a metal recovery material includes blue-green algae of the genus Leptolyngbya (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “blue-green algae”).
- a metal recovery material means a material for recovering metal ions or metal complex ions from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions as a solid metal (including the form of a colloidal metal solution).
- Blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingvia have the ability to reduce metal ions or metal complex ions in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metal atoms.
- cyanobacteria have the ability to reduce [AuCl 4 ] ⁇ to Au atoms.
- the produced metal atoms are adsorbed by cyanobacteria, and certain metal atoms crystallize to form nanoparticles if the amount of adsorption is sufficient.
- Metal atoms that crystallize on cyanobacteria to form nanoparticles include, for example, gold, palladium, platinum, and rhodium.
- the nanoparticulated metal either remains adsorbed to the cyanobacteria or is released from the cyanobacteria into solution.
- metal recovery material containing blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptolingvia in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions, the metal ions or metal complex ions in the solution can be recovered as solid metals.
- Metals that can take the form of metal nanoparticles can also be recovered as metal colloid solutions.
- Blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptolingvia for example, have accession number FERM BP-22385 (original deposit date: January 17, 2020), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center (IPOD) (zip code 292- 0818, Room 120, 2-5-8 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan).
- FERM BP-22385 original deposit date: January 17, 2020
- IPOD National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center
- the cyanobacteria are preferably dried cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Leptolingvia from the viewpoint of storage or preservability (that is, preventing decay). From the viewpoint of enhancing dispersibility in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions, the dried product is preferably powdery.
- the dried cyanobacterium is more preferably in the form of a sheet (seaweed form).
- the blue-green algae are preferably acid-treated blue-green algae, more preferably acid- and organic solvent-treated blue-green algae.
- Blue-green algae treated with an acid and an organic solvent are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the amount of metals recovered and the purity of recovered metals.
- treating blue-green algae with an acid or an organic solvent specifically means immersing blue-green algae, preferably water-washed blue-green algae, in an acid or an organic solvent. It is not essential to treat the cyanobacteria with an acid and an organic solvent, and the cyanobacteria may not be treated with an acid and an organic solvent, or may be treated with either an acid or an organic solvent.
- the acid is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or any combination thereof.
- the metallic elements Fe, Cu, B, Ca, P, Mg, K, Sr, Mn, Ba, etc.
- the acid treatment be performed once or twice.
- Treating the blue-green algae twice with an acid means soaking the blue-green algae in the acid, removing the acid, and soaking the blue-green algae in the acid again.
- the time of acid treatment (that is, the time of immersion in acid) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 5 minutes to 120 minutes, preferably 10 minutes to 60 minutes.
- the concentration of the acid used for the acid treatment may be, for example, 1-15% by mass, preferably 5-10% by mass.
- the ratio of blue-green algae to acid may be, for example, 1-10000 mL, 10-1000 mL, or 100-400 mL of acid to 1 g of blue-green algae.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and solvents that can extract photosynthetic pigments, such as ethanol, acetone, and dichloromethane, may be used.
- the time of treatment with the organic solvent (that is, the time of immersion in the organic solvent) is preferably 30 minutes to 120 minutes, more preferably 30 minutes to 60 minutes.
- the treatment with an organic solvent may be performed either before or after the treatment with an acid, but preferably after the treatment with an acid.
- the concentration of the organic solvent may be, for example, 10-100% by mass or 50-100% by mass, preferably 100% by mass.
- the ratio of cyanobacteria to organic solvent may be, for example, 0.1 to 10000 mL, 1 to 1000 mL, or 10 to 100 mL of organic solvent to 1 g of cyanobacteria.
- Metal ions, metal complex ions, and metals produced and recovered from these ions are not particularly limited.
- Metals may be, for example, gold, silver, copper, tin, cobalt, iron, silicon, nickel, platinum, palladium, rhodium, or rare metals, and metal ions or metal complex ions are ions of these metals or It may be a complex ion.
- rare metals include strontium, manganese, cesium, and rare earths, and examples of rare earths include yttrium, scandium, and lutetium.
- a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions may contain one or more metal ions or metal complex ions.
- the metal ion or metal complex ion is preferably at least one metal ion or complex ion selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum, and rhodium, more preferably gold complex ion or palladium complex ion, and further Gold complex ions are preferred.
- the metal may be a metal obtained by reducing these preferred metal ions or metal complex ions. That is, the metal is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum and rhodium, more preferably gold or palladium, still more preferably gold.
- gold complex ions examples include tetrachloridoaurate (III) ion ([AuCl 4 ] ⁇ ), dicyanoaurate ion ([Au(CN) 2 ] ⁇ ), and Au(HS) 2 ⁇ .
- Palladium complex ions include, for example, tetrachloridopalladium(II) acid ion ([PdCl 4 ] 2 ⁇ ).
- platinum complex ions examples include hexachloridoplatinate(IV) ion ([PtCl 6 ] 2 ⁇ ).
- the generated metal may be crystallized metal atoms, such as nanoparticle metal, or may be non-crystallized metal atoms.
- the metal in particular, metal nanoparticles
- the metal may be a metal whose surface has been modified with a non-metallic compound or a metallic compound.
- metals with surface modifications are also included within the scope of "metals.”
- the concentration of the metal element in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited, and is 10 ⁇ 3 to 10 5 mass ppm. It's okay. From the viewpoint of promoting sufficient nucleation and crystal growth necessary for the metal to take the form of nanoparticles, the concentration of the metal element is 0.001 mass ppm or more, more preferably 0.01 mass ppm or more, and further Preferably, it is 0.1 mass ppm or more.
- the concentration of the metal element is preferably less than 200 mass ppm, more preferably 100 mass ppm or less, and still more preferably 50 mass ppm or less. is.
- the concentration of the metal element is, for example, 10000 mass ppm or less, 5000 mass ppm or less, 2500 mass ppm or less, 1000 mass ppm or less, 500 mass ppm or less, It may be 250 mass ppm or less, 125 mass ppm or less, or 50 mass ppm or less, and may be 12 mass ppm or more, or 25 mass ppm or more.
- the concentration of the metal element is preferably 12 to 250 mass ppm, more preferably 12 to 125 mass ppm, still more preferably 25 to 125 mass ppm, particularly preferably 25. ⁇ 50 mass ppm.
- the pH of the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited, and may be -5 to 8, for example.
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited. solutions obtained by dissolving part or all of the compounds), diluted solutions thereof, and the like.
- the metal element-containing substance is not particularly limited as long as it contains a metal element, more specifically one or more metals or metal compounds. good.
- the metal element-containing substance preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum and rhodium, more preferably gold or palladium, and still more preferably gold.
- Aqua regia is generally used for dissolving substances containing metal elements, but since aqua regia has too high an oxidizing power, if aqua regia is contained in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions, the metal recovery material will It tends to dissolve even the blue-green algae it contains. In addition, aqua regia not only damages cyanobacteria, but also shifts the chemical equilibrium in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions, making it difficult for reduction reactions of metal ions or metal complex ions to occur. When aqua regia is included in a solution containing complex ions, the amount of metals adsorbed by blue-green algae tends to decrease.
- hydrochloric acid contained in aqua regia has a high dissociation constant (low pKa)
- concentration of aqua regia increases (that is, when the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases)
- the number of hydrogen ions and chloride ions in the solution increases.
- the chemical equilibrium shifts according to Le Chatelier's principle.
- metal ions or metal complex ions are less likely to exist in the form of ions in the solution and are less likely to be reduced by blue-green algae (for example, in the case of tetrachloroauric acid, HAuCl 4 is ionized into H + and [AuCl4] ⁇ difficult).
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions should not contain a combination of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, or should not contain aqua regia.
- aqua regia is a solution obtained by mixing concentrated hydrochloric acid (35% by mass hydrochloric acid) and concentrated nitric acid (60% by mass nitric acid) at a volume ratio of 3:1.
- concentration of aqua regia is preferably 5% by mass (1.
- the concentration of hydrochloric acid is preferably 1.3% by mass or less and the concentration of nitric acid is preferably 0.75% by mass or less, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is preferably 0.75% by mass or less.
- the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, and 10% by mass.
- the solution containing the complex ions does not contain hydrochloric acid.
- a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is obtained by contacting a metal element-containing substance with a solution containing nitric acid and a salt to obtain a metal element-containing substance (more specifically, the metal element-containing substance contains It may be a solution (that is, a solution of a substance containing a metal element) obtained by dissolving part or all of the metal or metal compound to be used).
- the salt contained in the solution containing nitric acid and a salt is not particularly limited as long as it is a salt that can increase the oxidizing power when used in combination with nitric acid.
- Examples include alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and Aluminum salts are mentioned.
- the salts are preferably halides, more preferably chlorides. Chlorides include, for example, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, calcium chloride, and aluminum chloride.
- a solution containing nitric acid and salt may contain one or more salts.
- the solution containing nitric acid and salt may be, for example, seawater, artificial seawater, or bittern containing nitric acid.
- the nitric acid concentration in the solution containing nitric acid and salt is preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more.
- the nitric acid concentration in the solution containing nitric acid and salt is 50% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, 30% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, or 5% by mass. % or less.
- the total salt concentration in the solution containing nitric acid and salt is 0.5% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, 2% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, and 4% by mass. % or more, 6 mass % or more, 8 mass % or more, 10 mass % or more, or 20 mass % or more.
- the total salt concentration in the solution containing nitric acid and salt is, for example, 50% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, 30% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 10% by mass, from the viewpoint of facilitating the refining of the produced metal.
- the total salt concentration in the solution containing nitric acid and salt is preferably 1 to 10% by mass from the viewpoint of quickly dissolving the metal element-containing substance and suppressing the refining cost of the produced metal.
- the solution containing nitric acid and salt may contain, for example, 2 to 50% by mass of nitric acid and 0.5% by mass or more of salt, and may contain 2 to 20% by mass of nitric acid and 0.5% by mass or more of salt.
- the ratio of the mass of nitric acid in the solution containing nitric acid and salt to the mass of the metal contained in the metal element-containing substance (hereinafter also referred to as the nitric acid/metal ratio) is It is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 150 or more. From the viewpoint of reducing the dissolution of blue-green algae, the nitric acid/metal ratio is preferably 2500 or less, 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 500 or less, or 250 or less.
- the ratio of the total mass of salts in the solution containing nitric acid and salt to the mass of metal contained in the metal element-containing substance is , 25 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 150 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, 400 or more, 500 or more, or 1000 or more.
- the salt/metal ratio is, for example, 2500 or less, 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 500 or less, 400 or less, 300 or less, 200 or less, 150 or less, 100 or less, Or it may be 50 or less.
- the salt/metal ratio is preferably 50 to 500 from the viewpoint of rapidly dissolving the metal element-containing substance and suppressing the refining cost of the produced metal.
- the pH of the solution containing nitric acid and salt is not particularly limited, and may be -5 to 8, for example.
- the solution containing nitric acid and salt preferably does not contain aqua regia.
- the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the solution containing nitric acid and salt is 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 5 % by mass or less, 2.6% by mass or less, 1.3% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, 0.53% by mass or less, or preferably 0.26% by mass or less, and a solution containing nitric acid and a salt is preferably free of hydrochloric acid.
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions obtained by contacting the solution containing nitric acid and salt with the metal element-containing material contains nitric acid and salt at the concentrations described above.
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is obtained by contacting the metal element-containing material with a solution containing 10% by mass or more of aqua regia to obtain a solution of the metal element-containing material; diluting the solution of the metal element-containing substance so that the concentration of aqua regia is 5% by mass or less.
- aqua regia which is generally used to dissolve metal element-containing substances, has too high an oxidizing power, so it tends to dissolve even blue-green algae contained in the metal recovery material. It shifts the chemical equilibrium in a solution containing ions or metal complex ions and makes reduction reactions of metal ions or metal complex ions less likely to occur.
- the solution of the substance containing the metal element is diluted so that the concentration of the aqua regia is 5% by mass or less.
- dissolution of blue-green algae can be suppressed, and reduction in the amount of metal adsorbed on blue-green algae can also be suppressed.
- the concentration of aqua regia in the solution containing aqua regia is not particularly limited as long as the substance containing the metal element can be dissolved.
- the liquid may be 100% aqua regia.
- the concentration of aqua regia in the solution of the metal element-containing substance after dilution is preferably It is 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- a method for recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions includes immersing cyanobacteria in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metals, wherein the cyanobacteria are It is a blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptolingvia.
- the details of the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions, the blue-green algae, and the metals to be produced are as described above.
- the blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptolingvia are immersed in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions, the blue-green algae reduce the metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metal atoms.
- the produced metal atoms are adsorbed by cyanobacteria, and some metal atoms such as gold, palladium, platinum, and rhodium crystallize to form nanoparticles.
- the nanoparticulated metal either remains adsorbed to the cyanobacteria or is released from the cyanobacteria into solution.
- the ratio of the mass of cyanobacteria to the mass of metal elements (e.g., gold, palladium, platinum, rhodium, etc., metal elements to be recovered) in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions (hereinafter, also referred to as algae/metal ratio) ) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.1 to 10,000. From the viewpoint of increasing the amount of metals adsorbed by blue-green algae, the algae/metal ratio is, for example, 4 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 40 or more, 111 or more, 120 or more, 185 or more, 200 or more, or 1000 or more. good.
- the algae/metal ratio is, for example, 10000 or less, 2000 or less, 1000 or less, 300 or less, 200 or less, 120 or less, 111 or less, 100 or less, 40 or less, or 9 or less.
- the algae/metal ratio is preferably 9 to 1000, more preferably 9 to 300, still more preferably 9 to 100, and particularly preferably 9. ⁇ 30.
- the gold and/or palladium is treated with cyanobacteria.
- the ratio of the mass of cyanobacteria to the mass of rhodium in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is preferably 11 or less, and platinum in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions
- the ratio of the mass of cyanobacteria to the mass of is preferably 16 or less.
- the amount of cyanobacteria to be immersed in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions can be appropriately determined according to the concentration of the metal element in the solution.
- Preferably 0.2 mg or more, more preferably 2 mg or more, still more preferably 3 mg or more, and particularly preferably 20 mg or more of blue-green algae are immersed in 100 mL of the solution containing ions or metal complex ions.
- the temperature at which the blue-green algae are immersed in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0 to 100°C. From the viewpoint of reducing the liberation of metal nanoparticles from blue-green algae and increasing the amount of metal nanoparticles adsorbed on blue-green algae, the temperature during immersion is preferably 10 to 100 ° C., more preferably 50 to 100 ° C., even more preferably. is 70-100°C. The temperature during immersion may be, for example, 10-50°C, 51-70°C, or 71-100°C.
- the temperature during immersion is preferably 0 to 75°C, more preferably 0 to 75°C. 50°C, more preferably 0 to 30°C.
- the time for immersing the blue-green algae in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is, from the viewpoint of sufficiently advancing the reduction reaction of the metal ions or metal complex ions, for example, 0.5 hours or more, 1 hour or more, 3 hours or more, It may be 8 hours or longer, or 24 hours or longer.
- the upper limit of the time for immersing the blue-green algae in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 100 hours or less, 48 hours or less, 24 hours or less, 8 hours or less, 3 hours or less, or 1 hour or less. It's okay. It can be said that 1 to 8 hours of immersion of blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is sufficiently short, and a high recovery rate can also be achieved.
- the immersion of the blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions may be performed under light irradiation or while shielding from light.
- a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions (and blue-green algae in the solution) with light, the release of metal nanoparticles from blue-green algae is reduced, and more metal nanoparticles are kept adsorbed on blue-green algae. can do.
- the light with which the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is irradiated may be visible light or ultraviolet light, such as natural light (sunlight).
- the light irradiated to the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is preferably 800 nm or less (e.g., 435- 800 nm white light), more preferably 545 nm or less (e.g., 495-545 nm green light), still more preferably 490 nm or less (e.g., 435-490 nm blue light), particularly preferably 400 nm or less (e.g., 350-400 nm It is light having a wavelength of ultraviolet rays).
- the irradiation intensity of the light may be 10 to 1000 mW, or 100 to 1000 mW per 100 mL of the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions.
- mW means a unit indicating the intensity of radiant flux.
- shielding the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions (and the blue-green algae in the solution) from light can increase the amount of metal nanoparticles liberated from the blue-green algae into the solution.
- the immersion of the blue-green algae in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is preferably 800 nm or less, more preferably 545 nm or less, and even more preferably 490 nm or less. , and particularly preferably while shielding light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less (that is, ultraviolet rays).
- the rotation speed of stirring is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 100 to 1000 rpm.
- a method of recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions further comprises recovering the produced metals (either adsorbed to the cyanobacteria or dispersed in the solution). may contain.
- the method for recovering the metal is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the desired form, desired purity, and the like of the metal to be recovered.
- the metal is recovered, for example, by separating (or recovering) the blue-green algae from the solution in which the blue-green algae are immersed, and recovering the remaining solution (metal colloid solution), or by recovering the metal from the recovered blue-green algae. be able to.
- the metal in the resulting metal colloid solution is removed by centrifuging the metal colloid solution to concentrate the metal, or by adding a flocculating agent (such as sea salt, NaCl, MgCl2, etc.) to the metal colloid solution. It may be recovered by settling.
- a flocculating agent such as sea salt, NaCl, MgCl2, etc.
- the step of recovering the metals may include filtering the solution in which the cyanobacteria are immersed. If the solution in which the blue-green algae are immersed contains metal nanoparticles, this step can yield a filtrate containing the metal nanoparticles, that is, a metal colloid solution. Metal atoms can be released into solution from cyanobacteria only when they are nanoparticulated, and non-crystallized metal atoms are not released from cyanobacteria.
- ions or complex ions of metals e.g., gold, palladium, platinum, and rhodium
- metals e.g., gold, palladium, platinum, and rhodium
- recovering metals may further comprise sonicating the blue-green algae.
- the sonication may be performed prior to separating the cyanobacteria from the cyanobacteria-soaked solution (i.e., prior to the filtration step described above) to recover the cyanobacteria from the cyanobacteria-soaked solution and reconstitute the cyanobacteria. You may perform after suspending.
- the metal nanoparticles adsorbed on the blue-green algae can be easily detached from the blue-green algae, while uncrystallized metal atoms do not detach from the blue-green algae.
- metal nanoparticles and non-crystallized metal atoms are adsorbed to cyanobacteria
- the metal nanoparticles are released into the solution by ultrasonicating the solution in which the cyanobacteria are immersed or suspended.
- the metal atoms that have not crystallized remain adsorbed to the blue-green algae, the metal nanoparticles can be separated from the metal atoms that have not crystallized. That is, according to this step, metals capable of forming nanoparticles on cyanobacteria can be selectively recovered, and metals that cannot form nanoparticles on cyanobacteria can also be selectively recovered.
- Conditions for ultrasonic treatment are not particularly limited, and for example, cyanobacteria can be treated with ultrasonic waves of 20 to 100 kHz for 10 to 60 minutes.
- recovering the metals may include sonicating the solution in which the blue-green algae are soaked, and filtering the sonicated solution. According to such an embodiment, a filtrate containing more metal nanoparticles, that is, a higher concentration metal colloid solution can be obtained than when the solution in which the blue-green algae are immersed is not subjected to ultrasonic treatment.
- recovering the metals may include filtering the solution in which the cyanobacteria are soaked, and sonicating the filtered cyanobacteria. Ultrasonic treatment can be carried out by suspending the recovered blue-green algae in any liquid such as water or an aqueous solution and subjecting the suspension to ultrasonic treatment.
- a filtrate containing metal nanoparticles that is, a metal colloid solution
- the solution in which the cyanobacteria are immersed may contain components other than the metal nanoparticles (for example, metal ions or metal complex ions remaining without being reduced) along with the generated metal nanoparticles, but in this embodiment, After recovering the blue-green algae from the solution in which the blue-green algae are soaked by filtration, the metal nanoparticles adsorbed to the blue-green algae are recovered, so that a metal colloid solution with higher purity can be obtained.
- the step of recovering metals may further include a step of calcining the recovered blue-green algae to recover metals from the recovered blue-green algae.
- the blue-green algae themselves are removed, and the metals adsorbed on the blue-green algae can be recovered.
- the blue-green algae may be formed into a desired shape before baking the blue-green algae. Thereby, the blue-green algae can be baked to obtain a metal molding having a desired shape. Firing can easily be carried out, for example, in air.
- the firing temperature is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the melting point of the metal.
- the firing temperature may be, for example, 800-1200°C.
- the firing temperature may be constant, or may be increased stepwise.
- the blue-green algae may first be heated for a period of time at a temperature at which the blue-green algae are combusted, and then heating may be continued at a temperature near the melting point of the metal in order to increase the crystallinity of the metal.
- recovery of the metal from the solution containing the metal ions or metal complex ions may be performed only once, It can also be divided into multiple times.
- the above method for recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions includes: (i) a step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metals and adsorb metals to blue-green algae; (ii) recovering the metal-adsorbed blue-green algae; (iii) recovering metals from the recovered blue-green algae, and the step (i) of soaking the blue-green algae and the step (ii) of recovering the blue-green algae can be performed two or more times.
- the blue-green algae used for the second and subsequent immersion are different blue-green algae from the blue-green algae recovered from the solution containing the metal ions or metal complex ions. In other words, once used cyanobacteria are never reused, new cyanobacteria are always used for metal adsorption.
- the details of the step (i) of immersing cyanobacteria in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metals and adsorb metals to cyanobacteria include immersing cyanobacteria in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions. Similar to the process described above for producing metal. However, the algae/metal ratio is preferably between 0.1 and 1100.
- the temperature at which the blue-green algae are immersed in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is a temperature that can reduce the release of metal nanoparticles from the blue-green algae and increase the amount of metal nanoparticles adsorbed on the blue-green algae. Adjusting is preferred.
- the temperature during immersion is preferably 10 to 100°C, more preferably 50 to 100°C, still more preferably 70 to 100°C.
- it is preferably 800 nm or less, more preferably 545 nm or less, even more preferably 490 nm or less, and particularly preferably 400 nm or less. (ie, ultraviolet light) may be applied to the solution containing the metal ions or metal complex ions.
- the method for collecting the metal-adsorbed blue-green algae is not particularly limited.
- the blue-green algae may be collected from the solution by filtering a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions in which the blue-green algae are immersed.
- Step (iii) of recovering metals from cyanobacteria can be performed in any stage and any number of times. For example, step (iii) of recovering metals from cyanobacteria may be performed after each step (ii) of recovering cyanobacteria, or may be performed only once after step (ii) of recovering the last cyanobacteria.
- the above steps (i) and (ii) are preferably performed at an algae/metal ratio of 3 to 1100. 30 times, more preferably 2-10 times with an alga/metal ratio of 20-400, more preferably 3-5 times with an alga/metal ratio of 40-100.
- gold is recovered by using a solution containing gold ions or gold complex ions as the solution containing metal ions or gold complex ions. It can be recovered in the form of gold nanoparticles. Accordingly, one aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for producing gold nanoparticles, including the step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing gold ions or gold complex ions to produce gold nanoparticles.
- Blue-green algae are blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptoringbia, and the details of blue-green algae are as described above.
- the solution containing gold ions and gold complex ions are the same as the above-mentioned solutions containing metal ions or metal complex ions, except that at least gold ions or gold complex ions must be included as metal ions or metal complex ions. That is, the solution containing gold ions or gold complex ions may contain metal ions or metal complex ions other than gold ions or gold complex ions.
- the solution containing gold ions or gold complex ions preferably contains substantially only gold ions or gold complex ions as metal ions or metal complex ions.
- the solution containing gold ions or gold complex ions may be, for example, an aqueous tetrachloroauric acid solution.
- the details of the step of immersing cyanobacteria in a solution containing gold ions or gold complex ions to generate gold nanoparticles are the same as the above-described step of immersing cyanobacteria in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metals. is.
- the method for producing gold nanoparticles may further include a step of collecting the produced gold nanoparticles.
- the details of the process of recovering the produced gold nanoparticles are the same as the above-described process of recovering the produced metal.
- a method for producing a metal molded article includes a step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metal and adsorbing the metal to the blue-green algae, and a step of collecting the blue-green algae that have adsorbed the metals. , forming the collected blue-green algae, and firing the formed blue-green algae to obtain a metal molding.
- the details of the solution and blue-green algae containing metal ions or metal complex ions are as described above.
- the details of the step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metals and adsorbing the metals to blue-green algae include immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to absorb metals. It is similar to the above-described process of generating.
- the temperature when immersing cyanobacteria in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions should be a temperature that can reduce the release of metal nanoparticles from cyanobacteria and increase the amount of metal nanoparticles adsorbed on cyanobacteria. Adjusting is preferred.
- the temperature during immersion is preferably 10 to 100°C, more preferably 50 to 100°C, still more preferably 70 to 100°C.
- it is preferably 800 nm or less, more preferably 545 nm or less, even more preferably 490 nm or less, and particularly preferably 400 nm or less. (ie, ultraviolet light) may be applied to the solution containing the metal ions or metal complex ions.
- the method for collecting the metal-adsorbed blue-green algae is not particularly limited.
- the blue-green algae may be collected from the solution by filtering the solution in which the blue-green algae are immersed.
- the blue-green algae are shaped into a desired shape (for example, star-shaped or heart-shaped).
- the method for shaping the cyanobacteria is not particularly limited, and for example, the cyanobacteria can be shaped by placing the cyanobacteria in a mold having a desired shape.
- the firing conditions in the step of firing the shaped blue-green algae may be the same as the firing conditions described above.
- Metal moldings may be used for personal accessories. That is, the manufactured metal molding can be applied as accessories such as necklaces and earrings.
- a method for recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions includes a step of contacting a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions with a cyanobacteria extract to generate metals.
- the blue-green algae are blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingbia.
- cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Leptolingvia have the ability to reduce metal ions or metal complex ions in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metal atoms.
- the present inventors found that such a blue-green algae extract also has a similar reducing action.
- Blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptolingvia for example, have accession number FERM BP-22385 (original deposit date: January 17, 2020), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center (IPOD) (zip code 292- 0818, Room 120, 2-5-8 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan).
- FERM BP-22385 original deposit date: January 17, 2020
- IPOD National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center
- the cyanobacteria extract may be a dried cyanobacteria, more specifically, an extract of a powdery dried cyanobacterium.
- the blue-green algae extract may be an acid-treated blue-green algae extract.
- treating blue-green algae with acid specifically means immersing blue-green algae, preferably blue-green algae washed with water, in acid.
- the metal elements Fe, Cu, B, Ca, P, Mg, K, Sr, Mn, Ba, etc.
- the acid is not particularly limited and may be, for example, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or any combination thereof.
- the acid treatment time (that is, the time of immersion in acid) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 5 minutes to 120 minutes, preferably 10 minutes to 60 minutes.
- the extract can be prepared, for example, by immersing cyanobacteria in an organic solvent and then removing the cyanobacteria by filtration.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited and may be, for example, ethanol, acetone, or dichloromethane.
- the extraction time is preferably 1 hour or longer, and may be, for example, 24 hours.
- the extraction is preferably carried out while stirring the organic solvent at, for example, 500 rpm.
- the ratio of cyanobacteria to organic solvent may be, for example, 0.1 to 10000 mL, 1 to 1000 mL, or 10 to 100 mL of organic solvent to 1 g of cyanobacteria.
- Metal ions, metal complex ions, and metals produced and recovered from these ions are not particularly limited.
- Metals may be, for example, gold, silver, copper, tin, cobalt, iron, silicon, nickel, platinum, palladium, rhodium, or rare metals, and metal ions or metal complex ions are ions of these metals or It may be a complex ion.
- rare metals include strontium, manganese, cesium, and rare earths, and examples of rare earths include yttrium, scandium, and lutetium.
- a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions may contain one or more metal ions or metal complex ions.
- the metal ion or metal complex ion is preferably at least one metal ion or complex ion selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum, and rhodium, more preferably gold complex ion, palladium complex ion, or platinum complex ion. ions, more preferably gold complex ions.
- the metal may be a metal obtained by reducing these preferred metal ions or metal complex ions. That is, the metal is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum and rhodium, more preferably gold, palladium or platinum, still more preferably gold.
- gold complex ions examples include tetrachloridoaurate (III) ion ([AuCl 4 ] ⁇ ), dicyanoaurate ion ([Au(CN) 2 ] ⁇ ), and Au(HS) 2 ⁇ .
- Palladium complex ions include, for example, tetrachloridopalladium(II) acid ion ([PdCl 4 ] 2 ⁇ ).
- platinum complex ions examples include hexachloridoplatinate(IV) ion ([PtCl 6 ] 2 ⁇ ).
- the concentration of the metal element in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited, and is 10 ⁇ 3 to 10 5 mass ppm. may be from 1 to 1000 ppm. From the viewpoint of promoting sufficient nucleation and crystal growth necessary for the metal to take the form of nanoparticles, the concentration of the metal element is 0.001 mass ppm or more, more preferably 0.01 mass ppm or more, and further Preferably, it is 0.1 mass ppm or more.
- the concentration of the metal element is preferably less than 200 mass ppm, more preferably 100 mass ppm or less, and still more preferably 50 mass ppm or less. is.
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited. solutions obtained by dissolving part or all of the compounds), diluted solutions thereof, and the like.
- the metal element-containing substance is not particularly limited as long as it contains a metal element, more specifically one or more metals or metal compounds. good.
- the metal element-containing substance preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum and rhodium, more preferably gold or palladium, and still more preferably gold.
- the ratio of the mass of the cyanobacteria extract to the mass of the metal element (e.g., gold, palladium, platinum, rhodium, etc., metal element to be recovered) in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions (hereinafter referred to as the algae extract /metal ratio) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 1 to 1000000, 10 to 100000, 10 to 10000, or 100 to 1000.
- the amount of the extract to be brought into contact with the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions can be appropriately determined according to the amount of blue-green algae used to prepare the extract and the concentration of metal elements in the solution. It may be 0.01 to 1000 mL, 0.1 to 100 mL, or 1 to 10 mL with respect to 1 mL of the solution containing metal complex ions.
- the temperature at which the cyanobacteria extract is brought into contact with the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0 to 100°C, 10 to 70°C, or 30 to 60°C.
- the time for contacting the cyanobacteria extract with the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is, for example, 0.5 hours or more, 1 hour or more, 3 hours or more, from the viewpoint of sufficiently advancing the reduction reaction of the metal ions or metal complex ions. hours or longer, 8 hours or longer, or 24 hours or longer.
- the upper limit of the time for contacting the cyanobacteria extract with the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is not particularly limited. It can be less than an hour.
- the rotation speed of stirring is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 100 to 1000 rpm.
- a method of recovering metals from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions may further comprise recovering the produced metals.
- the method for recovering the metal is not particularly limited, and for example, the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions (that is, the solution containing the produced metal) after contact with the cyanobacteria extract is recovered as it is as a metal colloid solution. be able to.
- the solution containing the produced metal can be centrifuged to recover the concentrated metal.
- Metals may also be recovered by adding a flocculating agent (eg, sea salt, NaCl, MgCl 2 , etc.) to the solution containing the produced metals to precipitate the metals.
- a flocculating agent eg, sea salt, NaCl, MgCl 2 , etc.
- ppm is mass ppm
- algae/Au ratio, algae/Rh ratio, and algae/Pt ratio are the ratios of the mass of cyanobacteria to the mass of gold, rhodium, and platinum, respectively.
- RT room temperature
- LEDs white light-emitting diodes
- artificial seawater is water (salt concentration: 3.8% by mass) in which Marine Art SF-1 (manufactured by Osaka Yaken Co., Ltd.) is dissolved.
- Marine Art SF-1 contains the following ingredients: sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, anhydrous strontium chloride, lithium chloride, manganese chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium tungstate, magnesium chloride, anhydrous Sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, borax, sodium fluoride, potassium iodide, cobalt chloride, ferric chloride, and ammonium molybdate.
- Blue-green algae used in the following test examples were prepared as follows. (1) Blue-green algae were cultured, and the culture solution was filtered to collect 1.5 L (about 1.5 g in dry state) of blue-green algae. (2) The blue-green algae were immersed in about 4 L of tap water for 10 minutes and stirred occasionally to wash the blue-green algae.
- Fig. 1 shows the elements contained in the hydrochloric acid waste liquid.
- the reference is a 7% by mass hydrochloric acid solution. 1 ppb is the detection limit of ICP-MS.
- the elution of P, B, Cr, and Fe continued even after the third hydrochloric acid treatment.
- P and B are constituent elements of cyanobacteria, and Cr and Fe are considered to be eluted from the stainless strainer used for filtration.
- Table 1 shows the elemental composition of cyanobacteria. By treating the cyanobacteria with hydrochloric acid, the major constituent elements of the cyanobacteria became only C, N, O, P, and S.
- Example 2 Ethanol treatment of blue-green algae A dry powder of blue-green algae was prepared as described above. However, after the hydrochloric acid treatment and washing in (4), a step of immersing the blue-green algae in 500 mL of ethanol for about 30 minutes was added. The components eluted in the ethanol waste liquid were analyzed by obtaining the absorption spectrum of the ethanol waste liquid (yellow-black). In addition, the elemental composition of the cyanobacteria after ethanol treatment was analyzed by XPS.
- Fig. 2 shows the absorption spectrum of the ethanol waste liquid.
- the absorption spectrum revealed that photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, phycoerythrin, and phycocyanin) were eluted by ethanol treatment.
- Table 3 shows the elemental composition of cyanobacteria after ethanol treatment.
- the gold adsorption rate was significantly improved compared to when the blue-green algae were not treated with ethanol. Also, when cyanobacteria were treated with ethanol, the absorbance at 510 to 650 nm increased 1.7 times. This indicates that the concentration of gold nanoparticles in the filtrate was increased 1.7-fold by ethanol treatment of cyanobacteria.
- Example 3 Examination of Immersion Conditions A dry powder of cyanobacteria was added to 500 mL of the metal solution, and the cyanobacteria were immersed while stirring the solution at 500 rpm. Table 5 shows the immersion conditions. The solution containing the blue-green algae was filtered through an oil strainer, and the adsorption rate of gold to the blue-green algae was calculated from the gold concentration in the filtrate. As the metal solution, in Examples 6 to 15, ion-exchanged water in which tetrachloroauric acid tetrahydrate was dissolved was used, and in Example 16, hot spring water was used. The results are also shown in Table 5.
- Example 16 in which hot spring water was used as the metal solution, the concentration in the filtrate was measured for metals other than gold, and the adsorption rate was calculated. The results are shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 4(A) shows the metal concentration in the filtrate
- FIG. 4(B) shows the metal adsorption rate. 1 ppb is the detection limit of ICP-MS.
- the blue-green algae-containing solution was filtered using anointed paper, filter paper (1.6 ⁇ m), and filter paper (0.7 ⁇ m) in this order, and the blue-green algae were dried.
- the surface of the cyanobacteria was observed by SEM, and the density of the gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of the cyanobacteria was measured. The results are shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the gold concentration in the tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution and the density of the gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of the blue-green algae.
- gold concentrations 50 ppm and above, lower gold concentrations (ie, higher algae/Au ratios) were shown to increase the density of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of cyanobacteria.
- the immersion time was 8 hours or less, there was a tendency that the longer the immersion time, the higher the density of the gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of the cyanobacteria.
- FIG. 5B is an SEM image of the surface of cyanobacteria immersed in a tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution (gold concentration: 25 ppm) for 24 hours.
- the left image in FIG. 5B is a 10,000-fold image, and the right image is a 50,000-fold image. From these images, it is clear that the nanoparticles are adsorbed on the surface of the cyanobacteria. Further, analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of the cyanobacteria were gold single crystals.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- Table 6 shows the density of gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of cyanobacteria. For comparison, Table 6 also shows the density of gold nanoparticles in Test Example 4 in which blue-green algae were immersed at 25°C. When the temperature during immersion was 50°C or 75°C, the density of the nanoparticles increased to about twice that when the temperature during immersion was 25°C.
- Fig. 6 shows the absorption spectrum of the filtrate.
- the filtrate When the temperature during immersion was 50° C. or 75° C., the filtrate was transparent and no absorption was observed at 510 to 650 nm, indicating that the filtrate contained almost no gold nanoparticles. rice field.
- the filtrate when the temperature during immersion was 25° C., the filtrate had a reddish color peculiar to gold nanoparticles, suggesting the presence of gold nanoparticles in the filtrate.
- UV LEDs 350-400 nm, irradiation intensity: 150 mW (radiant flux intensity unit)
- blue LEDs (435-490 nm, irradiation intensity: 200 mW (radiant flux intensity unit)
- green While irradiating an LED (495-545 nm, irradiation intensity: 200 mW (intensity unit of radiant flux)), or red-yellow cellophane (absorbs light of 600 nm or less) throughout the beaker. It was illuminated with light of intensity unit ).
- a similar experiment was conducted while shielding light by covering the entire beaker with aluminum foil. The absorbance of each filtrate is shown in FIG.
- the reference is the tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution before immersing the blue-green algae.
- the absorbance at 510-650 nm was higher than when the solution was not shielded from light (light condition).
- the higher the energy of the light irradiated to the solution the lower the absorbance at 510 to 650 nm.
- FIG. 8 A TEM image is shown in FIG.
- the left image in FIG. 8 shows gold nanoparticles obtained from a tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution containing 50 ppm gold
- the right image shows gold nanoparticles obtained from a tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution containing 200 ppm gold.
- the gold concentration was 200 ppm
- the gold concentration was 50 ppm
- the gold nanoparticles did not aggregate, and a colloidal gold solution in which the gold nanoparticles were dispersed was obtained.
- the zeta potential of gold nanoparticles in a colloidal gold solution obtained from an aqueous tetrachloroauric acid solution with a gold concentration of 50 ppm was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS).
- the zeta potential was ⁇ 20 mV, which indicates that gold nanoparticles can be stably dispersed in solution.
- the average particle size of the gold nanoparticles in the colloidal gold solution was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and by measuring absorbance at 510-650 nm.
- the average particle size measured by DLS was 105 nm.
- the average particle size calculated from the absorption maximum wavelength of the colloidal gold solution was about 90 nm.
- the particle diameter determined by DLS corresponds to the Stokes radius (that is, the particle diameter when the entire structure involved in the reaction is assumed to be a particle), whereas the particle diameter calculated from the absorbance is the gold nanoparticle itself. is the particle size of Therefore, the difference (15 nm) between these average particle sizes is presumed to be the size of the surface modification structure of the gold nanoparticles.
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- ATR total reflection measurement
- gold nanoparticles have a surface modification with a size of 10 to 50 nm, which is an AuCN-based molecule containing C, O, N, and H as main components and having an amide bond. Based on these characteristics, proteins formed by binding multiple amino acids are influential as surface modification of gold nanoparticles.
- the blue-green algae were suspended in 200 mL of deionized water and sonicated at 25° C. and 38 kHz for 1 hour.
- the solution after ultrasonication was filtered using filter paper (0.7 ⁇ m), and the absorbance of the filtrate was measured.
- the surface of the cyanobacteria was observed by SEM before and after the ultrasonic treatment, and the density of the gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the surface of the cyanobacteria was measured.
- FIG. 11(A) A SEM image of the surface of the cyanobacteria is shown in FIG. 11(A).
- the left image of FIG. 11(A) shows the surface of cyanobacteria before sonication, and the right image shows the surface of cyanobacteria after sonication.
- the density of the gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the cyanobacteria before ultrasonication was 4 ⁇ 10 9 /cm 2
- the density of the gold nanoparticles adsorbed on the cyanobacteria after ultrasonication was 1 ⁇ 10 9 . / cm.
- FIG. 11 shows the absorption spectrum of the filtrate. Filtrates both before and after sonicating the cyanobacteria showed absorption at 510-650 nm due to gold nano particles.
- the colloidal gold solution obtained by sonicating the blue-green algae was reddish and had a shorter absorption wavelength than the colloidal gold solution collected before the sonication. This indicates that the particle size of the gold nanoparticles in the colloidal gold solution obtained by sonicating the blue-green algae was smaller.
- ⁇ Test Example 10 Classification of gold nanoparticles 0.3 g of dry powder of cyanobacteria was added to 200 mL of ion-exchanged water (gold concentration: 50 ppm) in which tetrachloroauric acid and tetrahydrate were dissolved, and the tetrachloroauric acid was added.
- the blue-green algae were immersed at 25° C. for 3 hours while stirring the aqueous solution at 500 rpm.
- the solution containing blue-green algae was filtered using oil strainer, filter paper (1.6 ⁇ m), and filter paper (0.7 ⁇ m) in this order.
- the filtrate (gold colloid solution) was collected in a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 2500 ⁇ g for 30 minutes.
- Fig. 12 shows the absorption spectra of the colloidal solution before centrifugation and the supernatant after centrifugation. Centrifugation precipitated large particles and changed the median particle size in the colloidal solution from 70 nm (corresponding to absorption at 544 nm) to 55 nm (corresponding to absorption at 535 nm). From the above results, it was shown that the particle size of the gold nanoparticles in the colloidal gold solution can be uniformed by centrifugation.
- ⁇ Test Example 12> Preparation of gold molded product To 500 mL of ion-exchanged water (gold concentration: 2000 ppm) in which tetrachloroauric acid and tetrahydrate are dissolved, 2.5 g of dry powder of cyanobacteria was added, and the tetrachloroauric acid was added. The blue-green algae were immersed at 25° C. for 3 hours while stirring the aqueous solution at 500 rpm. The solution containing the blue-green algae was filtered through an oil filter, and the blue-green algae were washed with water and then pre-dried with a dryer for 5 minutes. Blue-green algae were molded using star-shaped and heart-shaped molds and allowed to air dry for one day.
- Dried blue-green algae were placed in a SiC crucible and heated in the atmosphere at 800° C. for 1 hour and at 1000° C. for 1 hour using an electric furnace. After heating, the crucible was returned to room temperature. As shown in FIG. 13, star-shaped and heart-shaped gold could be obtained.
- ⁇ Test Example 13> Recovery of metals from urban mines Add 0.12 g of gold wire (metal source) to 400 mL of artificial seawater (salt concentration: 3.8% by mass) containing 3% by mass of nitric acid, and rotate at 200°C and 500 rpm. Stirred for 20 hours to dissolve the gold wire. 3 g of dry powder of cyanobacteria was added to the resulting gold solution, and the cyanobacteria were soaked for 3 hours while stirring the gold solution. The solution containing the blue-green algae was filtered through an oil strainer to dry the blue-green algae. The dried cyanobacteria were calcined at 800° C. for 1 hour and 1000° C. for 1 hour.
- Gold recovery rate (%) (mass of firing residue) x (percentage of gold in firing residue) / (mass of gold contained in metal source)
- Gold could be recovered regardless of whether a gold wire or an electronic substrate was used as the metal source. In addition to gold, silver, tin, copper, and cobalt could also be recovered when an electronic substrate was used as the metal source. In Example 17, the gold wire was dissolved even when seawater from Negishi Bay was used instead of the artificial seawater.
- the gold recovery rate in Example 17 was plotted in the graph shown in FIG. 14 together with the gold adsorption rate to the blue-green algae in Examples 6 and 8 to 13 of Test Example 3 in which blue-green algae were immersed in a tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution. . From FIG. 14, the recovery rate of gold when the blue-green algae were immersed in the gold solution obtained by dissolving the gold wire almost matched the gold adsorption rate when the blue-green algae were immersed in the tetrachloroauric acid aqueous solution.
- Residual rate of cyanobacteria (%) (dry mass of cyanobacteria recovered from metal solution) ⁇ (mass of cyanobacteria added to metal solution) ⁇ 100
- Table 10 shows the concentration of nitric acid in the artificial seawater, the time taken to dissolve the gold wiring, and the survival rate of cyanobacteria.
- the concentration of nitric acid in the artificial seawater was 2% by mass or more, the gold wiring could be completely dissolved.
- the nitric acid concentration was 20% by mass or less, the higher the nitric acid concentration, the shorter the time required for dissolving the gold wiring.
- the higher the concentration of nitric acid the more easily the blue-green algae dissolved, and the survival rate of the blue-green algae after immersion decreased.
- Table 11 shows the salt concentration in the solution and the time required for dissolution. The higher the salt concentration, the faster the gold wiring could be dissolved. When the salt concentration was 0.1% by mass, the gold wiring did not completely dissolve even after 48 hours.
- the concentration of the aqua regia in which the blue-green algae are immersed the better the gold adsorption rate, and the concentration of the aqua regia is 2% by mass or less (that is, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 0.53% by mass or less and the nitric acid concentration is 0.30% by mass or less). ), more than 60% of the gold could be adsorbed on the cyanobacteria.
- the present disclosure includes the following configurations.
- [1] A metal recovery material containing blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptolingvia.
- the blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingvia has accession number FERM BP-22385 (original deposit date: January 17, 2020, deposit authority: National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center (IPOD) (postal No. 292-0818, Room 120, 2-5-8 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan))
- the metal recovery material according to [1] which is a blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptolingvia.
- a method for recovering a metal from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions comprising: A step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metal, The method, wherein the blue-green algae is a blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptoringbia.
- the blue-green algae has accession number FERM BP-22385 (original deposit date: January 17, 2020, deposit authority: National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center (IPOD) (zip code 292-0818, 2-5-8 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan Room 120)), which is a blue-green algae of the genus Leptolingvia deposited under the name of [4].
- IP National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Patent Organism Depositary Center
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is a solution containing ions or complex ions of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of gold, palladium, platinum, and rhodium
- the method according to any one of [4] to [8], wherein the step of immersing the blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is performed at 50°C or higher.
- the method of [12], wherein the step of recovering metals includes filtering the solution in which the blue-green algae are soaked.
- the method of [12] or [13], wherein the step of recovering metals comprises sonicating the blue-green algae.
- the method according to [12] or [13], wherein the step of recovering metals includes the step of calcining the blue-green algae.
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is a solution obtained by bringing a metal element-containing substance into contact with a solution containing nitric acid and a salt to dissolve the metal element-containing substance, [ 4] The method according to any one of [15].
- the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions is a step of bringing a solution containing 10% by mass or more of aqua regia into contact with a metallic element-containing material to obtain a solution of the metallic element-containing material; a step of diluting the solution of the metal element-containing substance so that the concentration of aqua regia is 5% by mass or less to obtain the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions;
- the method according to any one of [4] to [15] which is a solution obtained by a method comprising [18]
- the step of immersing the blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions includes (i) immersing the blue-green algae in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate the metals and convert the metals into the blue-green algae.
- the method includes: (ii) recovering the blue-green algae to which the metal has been adsorbed; (iii) recovering the metal from the recovered blue-green algae; The step (i) of immersing the blue-green algae in the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions and the step (ii) of recovering the metal-adsorbed blue-green algae are performed two or more times.
- the method, wherein the blue-green algae used for soaking in is different from the blue-green algae collected from the solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions.
- a step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing gold ions or gold complex ions to generate gold nanoparticles The method for producing gold nanoparticles, wherein the blue-green algae belongs to the genus Leptoringbia.
- [20] a step of immersing blue-green algae in a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metal and adsorb the metal onto the blue-green algae; A step of collecting the blue-green algae to which the metal is adsorbed; A step of molding the collected blue-green algae; calcining the shaped blue-green algae to obtain a metal molding, The method for producing a metal molded product, wherein the blue-green algae is a blue-green alga belonging to the genus Leptoringbia. [21] The method of [20], wherein the metal molding is for personal adornment.
- a method for recovering a metal from a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions comprising: A step of contacting a cyanobacteria extract with a solution containing metal ions or metal complex ions to generate metals, The method, wherein the blue-green algae is a blue-green algae belonging to the genus Leptoringbia.
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Abstract
Description
(i)金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬して、金属を生成させるとともに金属を藍藻に吸着させる工程と、
(ii)金属を吸着させた藍藻を回収する工程と、
(iii)回収した藍藻から金属を回収する工程と、を含んでよく、藍藻を浸漬する工程(i)と、藍藻を回収する工程(ii)とは、2回以上行うことができる。ここで、2回目以降の浸漬に使用する藍藻は、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液から回収した藍藻とは別の藍藻である。いいかえれば、一度使用した藍藻を再度利用することはなく、金属の吸着には常に新たな藍藻を使用する。
酸処理の時間(すなわち酸に浸漬する時間)は特に限定されず、例えば、5分~120分であってよく、望ましくは10分~60分である。
以下の試験例において、藍藻としては、受託番号FERM BP-22385(原寄託日:2020年1月17日)として、独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許生物寄託センター(IPOD)(郵便番号292-0818、日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8 120号室)に寄託されたレプトリングビア属の藍藻の乾燥粉末を用いた。以下の試験例(ただし、試験例1及び2を除く)において用いた藍藻は、次のように準備した。
(1)藍藻を培養し、培養液をろ過して藍藻を1.5L(乾燥状態で約1.5g)回収した。
(2)約4Lの水道水に藍藻を10分間浸漬し、時折かくはんすることで、藍藻を洗浄した。この洗浄を3回行い、フッ素樹脂製洗浄カゴを用いて水を切った。
(3)水道水の代わりに純水を用いて、(2)と同様の洗浄を3回行った。
(4)2Lの7質量%塩酸溶液に藍藻を10分間浸漬し、ステンレスざるを用いてろ過した。約4Lの純水に藍藻を10分間浸漬し、時折かくはんすることで、藍藻を洗浄した。
(5)約4Lの純水に藍藻を10分間浸漬し、時折かくはんすることで、藍藻を洗浄した。この洗浄を3回行い、ステンレスざるを用いて水を切った。
(6)藍藻を空気中で乾燥させた後、ドライポンプを用いてさらに真空乾燥させた。
(7)ワンダークラッシャーWC-3L(大阪ケミカル株式会社製)を用いて藍藻を粉砕し、粉末状の藍藻乾燥物を得た。
以下の試験例において、藍藻への金属(例えば金)の吸着率は次のように求めた。藍藻浸漬後の金属溶液をろ過し、ろ液中の金属元素濃度を誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法(ICP-MS)により測定した。下式から吸着率を算出した。
吸着率(%)=(藍藻を加える前の金属溶液中の金属元素濃度)-(ろ液中の金属元素濃度)/(藍藻を加える前の金属溶液中の金属元素濃度)×100
以下の試験例において、藍藻の表面に吸着した金ナノ粒子の密度(個/cm2)は、藍藻のSEM画像(2~10万倍)中の、白い点として観察される金ナノ粒子の数を数えることで求めた。
藍藻の乾燥粉末を上述のとおり調製した。ただし、(4)の塩酸処理及び洗浄は1~3回行った。塩酸廃液に含まれる元素をICP-MSにより分析した。また、塩酸処理前後の藍藻の元素組成をX線光電子分光法(XPS)により分析した。
藍藻の乾燥粉末を上述のとおり調製した。ただし、(4)の塩酸処理及び洗浄の後に、500mLのエタノールに藍藻を約30分間浸漬する工程を追加した。エタノール廃液(黄黒色)の吸収スペクトルを求めることで、エタノール廃液中に溶出された成分を分析した。また、エタノール処理後の藍藻の元素組成をXPSで分析した。
金属溶液500mLに藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該溶液を500rpmでかくはんしながら藍藻を浸漬した。浸漬の条件を表5に示す。藍藻を含む溶液を油こし紙でろ過し、ろ液中の金濃度から、藍藻への金の吸着率を算出した。金属溶液として、実施例6~15では四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水を用いて、実施例16では温泉水を用いた。結果を表5に併せて示す。
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水200mLに0.2gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液を500rpmでかくはんしながら、藍藻を25℃で1~48時間浸漬した。溶液中の金濃度は、12.5ppm、25ppm、50ppm、125ppm、250ppm、500ppm、1000ppm、2500ppm、5000ppm、又は10000ppmに調節した。油こし紙、ろ紙(1.6μm)、及びろ紙(0.7μm)をこの順に用いて藍藻を含む溶液をろ過し、藍藻を乾燥させた。藍藻の表面をSEMにより観察し、藍藻の表面に吸着した金ナノ粒子の密度を測定した。結果を図5の(A)及び(B)に示す。
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水(金濃度:50ppm)200mLに0.2gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液を500rpmでかくはんしながら、藍藻を50℃又は75℃で24時間浸漬した。油こし紙、ろ紙(1.6μm)、及びろ紙(0.7μm)をこの順に用いて藍藻を含む溶液をろ過し、藍藻を乾燥させた。藍藻の表面をSEMで観察し、藍藻の表面に吸着した金ナノ粒子の密度を測定した。ろ液は回収し、その吸光度を測定した。
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水(金濃度:100ppm)200mLを含むビーカーに0.3gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液を300rpmでかくはんしながら、藍藻を白色LED(435~800nm)の室内照明下、30℃で3日間浸漬した。藍藻を含む溶液をろ過し、ろ液の吸光度を測定した。同様の実験を、紫外線(UV)LED(350~400nm、照射強度:150mW(放射束の強度単位))、青色LED(435~490nm、照射強度:200mW(放射束の強度単位))、若しくは緑色LED(495~545nm、照射強度:200mW(放射束の強度単位))を照射しながら、又はビーカー全体を赤黄色セロファン(600nm以下の光を吸収。ビーカー内は600~800nm、100mW(放射束の強度単位)の光で照射された。)で覆いながら行った。また、同様の実験を、ビーカー全体をアルミホイルで覆うことで遮光しながら行った。各ろ液の吸光度を図7に示す。
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水(金濃度:50ppm又は200ppm)200mLに0.2gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液を500rpmでかくはんしながら、藍藻を25℃で24時間浸漬した。油こし紙、ろ紙(1.6μm)、及びろ紙(0.7μm)をこの順に用いて藍藻を含む溶液をろ過した。ろ液を回収し、ろ液中の金ナノ粒子をTEMにより観察した。
試験例7における金濃度50ppmの四塩化金酸水溶液から得られた金コロイド溶液について、金ナノ粒子の表面状態を解明するために種々の分析を行った。
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水(金濃度:50ppm)200mLに0.2gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液を500rpmでかくはんしながら、藍藻を25℃で3時間浸漬した。油こし紙、ろ紙(1.6μm)、及びろ紙(0.7μm)をこの順に用いて藍藻を含む溶液をろ過した。ろ液(金コロイド溶液)は回収し、その吸光度を測定した。藍藻はイオン交換水200mLに懸濁し、25℃、38kHzで1時間超音波処理した。超音波処理後の溶液をろ紙(0.7μm)を用いてろ過し、ろ液の吸光度を測定した。また、超音波処理の前後に藍藻の表面をSEMにより観察し、藍藻の表面に吸着した金ナノ粒子の密度を測定した。
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水(金濃度:50ppm)200mLに0.3gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液を500rpmでかくはんしながら、藍藻を25℃で3時間浸漬した。油こし紙、ろ紙(1.6μm)、及びろ紙(0.7μm)をこの順に用いて藍藻を含む溶液をろ過した。ろ液(金コロイド溶液)を1.5mL遠心管に回収し、2500×gで30分間遠心した。
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水(金濃度:5000ppm、金の絶対量:5.0g、pH:2.5)1Lに5.0gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液をかくはんしながら、藍藻を3時間浸漬した(藻/Au比:1)。藍藻を含む溶液を油こし紙でろ過し、藍藻を一日以上自然乾燥させた。SiC製のるつぼに乾燥させた藍藻を入れ、電気炉を用いて大気中、800℃で1時間及び1000℃で1時間加熱した。
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させたイオン交換水(金濃度:2000ppm)500mLに2.5gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液を500rpmでかくはんしながら、藍藻を25℃で3時間浸漬した。藍藻を含む溶液を油こし紙でろ過し、藍藻を水で洗浄した後、ドライヤーで5分間予備乾燥させた。星形及びハート形の型を用いて藍藻を成形し、一日自然乾燥させた。SiC製のるつぼに乾燥させた藍藻を入れ、電気炉を用いて大気中、800℃で1時間及び1000℃で1時間加熱した。加熱後、るつぼを室温に戻した。図13に示すように、星形及びハート形の金を得ることができた。
3質量%の硝酸を含む人工海水(塩濃度:3.8質量%)400mLに金線(金属源)0.12gを加え、200℃、500rpmで20時間かくはんして金線を溶解させた。得られた金溶液に3gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、金溶液をかくはんしながら、藍藻を3時間浸漬した。藍藻を含む溶液を油こし紙でろ過し、藍藻を乾燥させた。乾燥させた藍藻を800℃で1時間及び1000℃で1時間焼成した。焼成残さの元素組成をXPSにより分析し、金の回収率を下式のとおり算出した。
金の回収率(%)=(焼成残さの質量)×(焼成残さ中の金の割合)/(金属源に含まれる金の質量)
0~50質量%の硝酸を含む人工海水(塩濃度:3.80質量%)100mLに金配線を含む電子基板1g(推定総金属量:0.02g)を加え、金配線が完全に溶解するまで、200℃、300rpmでかくはんした。得られた金属溶液に0.2gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、金属解液を300rpmでかくはんしながら、藍藻を3時間浸漬した。藍藻を含む溶液を油こし紙でろ過し、藍藻を乾燥させた。乾燥後の藍藻の質量を測定し、下式のとおり藍藻の残存率を算出した。
藍藻の残存率(%)=(金属溶液から回収した藍藻の乾燥質量)÷(金属溶液に加えた藍藻の質量)×100
10質量%の硝酸及び0.1~20質量%の塩(マリンアート SF-1(大阪薬研株式会社製))を含む溶液100mLに金配線を含む電子基板1g(推定総金属量:0.02g)を加え、金配線が完全に溶解するまで、200℃、300rpmでかくはんした。
塩化ロジウム、四塩化パラジウム酸ナトリウム、六塩化白金酸、及び四塩化金酸を溶解させたイオン交換水200mLに藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、得られた金属溶液をかくはんしながら、藍藻を3時間、室温で浸漬した。浸漬した藍藻の量、金属溶液中の各金属元素の濃度(浸漬前)、及び各金属の質量に対する藍藻の質量の比を表12に示す。藍藻を含む溶液をろ過し、ろ液中の各金属の濃度から、藍藻への各金属の吸着率を算出した。吸着率を表12及び図15に示す。
藍藻の乾燥粉末1gにつきエタノール500mLの割合で藍藻の乾燥粉末とエタノールを混合し、1日かくはんした。得られた溶液をろ過することにより藍藻を除き、藍藻抽出液を得た。塩化ロジウム、四塩化パラジウム酸ナトリウム、六塩化白金酸、及び四塩化金酸を1ppm、10ppm、又は100ppmずつ溶解させたイオン交換水200mLに藍藻抽出液50mLを加え、得られた金属溶液を3時間、室温でかくはんした。生成した金属を、金属溶液をろ過することにより回収し、ろ液中の各金属の濃度から、各金属の回収率を次のように求めた。
回収率(%)=(藍藻抽出液を加える前の金属溶液中の金属元素濃度)-(ろ液中の金属元素濃度)/(藍藻抽出液を加える前の金属溶液中の金属元素濃度)×100
四塩化金酸・四水和物を溶解させた1~10質量%王水(金濃度:10ppm)200mLに0.20gの藍藻の乾燥粉末を加え、該四塩化金酸水溶液をかくはんしながら、藍藻を25℃で1日浸漬した(藻/Au比:100)。藍藻を含む溶液をろ過し、ろ液中の金濃度から、藍藻への金の吸着率を算出した。また、回収した藍藻を乾燥させた後、乾燥後の藍藻の質量を測定し、試験例14と同様にして藍藻の残存率を算出した。結果を表14に示す。
本開示は以下の構成を含む。
[1] レプトリングビア属の藍藻を含む、金属回収材。
[2] 前記レプトリングビア属の藍藻が、受託番号FERM BP-22385(原寄託日:2020年1月17日、寄託当局:独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許生物寄託センター(IPOD)(郵便番号292-0818、日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8 120号室))として寄託されたレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、[1]に記載の金属回収材。
[3] 前記レプトリングビア属の藍藻が、レプトリングビア属の藍藻の乾燥物である、[1]又は[2]に記載の金属回収材。
[4] 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液から金属を回収する方法であって、
金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬して金属を生成させる工程を含み、
前記藍藻はレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、方法。
[5] 前記藍藻が、受託番号FERM BP-22385(原寄託日:2020年1月17日、寄託当局:独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 特許生物寄託センター(IPOD)(郵便番号292-0818、日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8 120号室))として寄託されたレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、[4]に記載の方法。
[6] 前記藍藻が、酸で処理された藍藻である、[4]又は[5]に記載の方法。
[7] 前記藍藻が、有機溶剤でさらに処理された藍藻である、[6]に記載の方法。
[8] 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液が、金、パラジウム、白金、及びロジウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属のイオン又は錯イオンを含む溶液であり、
回収する前記金属が、金、パラジウム、白金、及びロジウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である、[4]~[7]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[9] 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬する前記工程を50℃以上で行う、[4]~[8]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[10] 金属イオンを又は金属錯イオン含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬する前記工程において、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液に可視光又は紫外線を照射しながら前記藍藻を浸漬する、[4]~[9]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[11] 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬する前記工程において、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液を遮光しながら前記藍藻を浸漬する、[4]~[10]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[12] 前記金属を回収する工程をさらに含む、[4]~[11]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[13] 金属を回収する前記工程が、藍藻が浸漬された前記溶液をろ過する工程を含む、[12]に記載の方法。
[14] 金属を回収する前記工程が、前記藍藻を超音波処理する工程を含む、[12]又は[13]に記載の方法。
[15] 金属を回収する前記工程が、前記藍藻を焼成する工程を含む、[12]又は[13]に記載の方法。
[16] 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液が、金属元素含有物質に硝酸及び塩を含む溶解液を接触させて、前記金属元素含有物質を溶解することにより得られた溶液である、[4]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[17] 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液が、
金属元素含有物質に10質量%以上の王水を含む溶解液を接触させて、前記金属元素含有物質の溶液を得る工程と、
該金属元素含有物質の溶液を、王水の濃度が5質量%以下となるように希釈して、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液を得る工程と、
を含む方法により得られた溶液である、[4]~[15]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[18] [4]~[11]のいずれかに記載の方法であって、
金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬する前記工程が、(i)金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液に前記藍藻を浸漬して、前記金属を生成させるとともに前記金属を前記藍藻に吸着させる工程であり、
前記方法は、
(ii)金属を吸着させた前記藍藻を回収する工程と、
(iii)回収した前記藍藻から前記金属を回収する工程と、をさらに含み、
金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液に前記藍藻を浸漬する前記工程(i)と、金属を吸着させた前記藍藻を回収する前記工程(ii)とは、2回以上行われ、2回目以降の浸漬に使用する藍藻は、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液から回収した前記藍藻とは別の藍藻である、方法。
[19] 金イオン又は金錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬して金ナノ粒子を生成させる工程を含み、
前記藍藻はレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、金ナノ粒子の製造方法。
[20] 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬して、金属を生成させるとともに該金属を前記藍藻に吸着させる工程と、
金属を吸着させた前記藍藻を回収する工程と、
回収した前記藍藻を成形する工程と、
成形された前記藍藻を焼成して、金属成形物を得る工程と、を含み、
前記藍藻はレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、金属成形物の製造方法。
[21] 前記金属成形物が身飾品用である、[20]に記載の方法。
[22] 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液から金属を回収する方法であって、
金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻の抽出液を接触させて金属を生成させる工程を含み、
前記藍藻はレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、方法。
Claims (22)
- レプトリングビア属の藍藻を含む、金属回収材。
- 前記レプトリングビア属の藍藻が、受託番号FERM BP-22385として寄託されたレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、請求項1に記載の金属回収材。
- 前記レプトリングビア属の藍藻が、レプトリングビア属の藍藻の乾燥物である、請求項1又は2に記載の金属回収材。
- 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液から金属を回収する方法であって、
金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬して金属を生成させる工程を含み、
前記藍藻はレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、方法。 - 前記藍藻が、受託番号FERM BP-22385として寄託されたレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記藍藻が、酸で処理された藍藻である、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 前記藍藻が、有機溶剤でさらに処理された藍藻である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液が、金、パラジウム、白金、及びロジウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属のイオン又は錯イオンを含む溶液であり、
回収する前記金属が、金、パラジウム、白金、及びロジウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。 - 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬する前記工程を50℃以上で行う、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 金属イオンを又は金属錯イオン含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬する前記工程において、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液に可視光又は紫外線を照射しながら前記藍藻を浸漬する、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬する前記工程において、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液を遮光しながら前記藍藻を浸漬する、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 前記金属を回収する工程をさらに含む、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 金属を回収する前記工程が、藍藻が浸漬された前記溶液をろ過する工程を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 金属を回収する前記工程が、前記藍藻を超音波処理する工程を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 金属を回収する前記工程が、前記藍藻を焼成する工程を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液が、金属元素含有物質に硝酸及び塩を含む溶解液を接触させて、前記金属元素含有物質を溶解することにより得られた溶液である、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液が、
金属元素含有物質に10質量%以上の王水を含む溶解液を接触させて、金属元素含有物質の溶液を得る工程と、
該金属元素含有物質の溶液を、王水の濃度が5質量%以下となるように希釈して、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液を得る工程と、
を含む方法により得られた溶液である、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。 - 請求項4又は5に記載の方法であって、
金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬する前記工程が、(i)金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液に前記藍藻を浸漬して、前記金属を生成させるとともに前記金属を前記藍藻に吸着させる工程であり、
前記方法は、
(ii)金属を吸着させた前記藍藻を回収する工程と、
(iii)回収した前記藍藻から前記金属を回収する工程と、をさらに含み、
金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液に前記藍藻を浸漬する前記工程(i)と、金属を吸着させた前記藍藻を回収する前記工程(ii)とは、2回以上行われ、2回目以降の浸漬に使用する藍藻は、金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む前記溶液から回収した前記藍藻とは別の藍藻である、方法。 - 金イオン又は金錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬して金ナノ粒子を生成させる工程を含み、
前記藍藻はレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、金ナノ粒子の製造方法。 - 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻を浸漬して、金属を生成させるとともに該金属を前記藍藻に吸着させる工程と、
金属を吸着させた前記藍藻を回収する工程と、
回収した前記藍藻を成形する工程と、
成形された前記藍藻を焼成して、金属成形物を得る工程と、を含み、
前記藍藻はレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、金属成形物の製造方法。 - 前記金属成形物が身飾品用である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液から金属を回収する方法であって、
金属イオン又は金属錯イオンを含む溶液に藍藻の抽出液を接触させて金属を生成させる工程を含み、
前記藍藻はレプトリングビア属の藍藻である、方法。
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| JPWO2023032815A1 (ja) | 2023-03-09 |
| AU2022337473B2 (en) | 2024-06-13 |
| CA3228598A1 (en) | 2023-03-09 |
| AU2022337473A1 (en) | 2024-04-11 |
| US20240384368A1 (en) | 2024-11-21 |
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