WO2023032766A1 - 磁気軸受装置及び真空ポンプ - Google Patents
磁気軸受装置及び真空ポンプ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023032766A1 WO2023032766A1 PCT/JP2022/031776 JP2022031776W WO2023032766A1 WO 2023032766 A1 WO2023032766 A1 WO 2023032766A1 JP 2022031776 W JP2022031776 W JP 2022031776W WO 2023032766 A1 WO2023032766 A1 WO 2023032766A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic bearing
- operation mode
- gain
- control gain
- bearing device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
- F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
- F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
- F04D19/048—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps comprising magnetic bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/058—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0444—Details of devices to control the actuation of the electromagnets
- F16C32/0451—Details of controllers, i.e. the units determining the power to be supplied, e.g. comparing elements, feedback arrangements with P.I.D. control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
- F16C32/048—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of two degrees of freedom, e.g. radial magnetic bearings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic bearing device and a vacuum pump, and more particularly to a magnetic bearing device and a vacuum pump that can measure the natural vibration mode of a rotating body with high sensitivity in a floating system using magnetic bearings.
- turbomolecular pumps are also used in equipment such as electron microscopes to create a highly vacuum state in the chambers of electron microscopes and the like in order to prevent electron beam refraction due to the presence of dust and the like.
- This turbo-molecular pump has a magnetic bearing device for magnetic levitation control of the rotating body. In this magnetic bearing device, it is necessary to control the position of the rotating body at high speed and with a strong force when the rotating body passes through the resonance point during accelerated operation or when disturbance occurs during constant speed operation. be.
- the position control of this rotating body is performed by feedback control.
- feedback control when vibration occurs in the rotating body, the vibration is suppressed by magnetic force synchronized with the vibration. For this reason, an oscillation phenomenon may occur when the design of feedback control is inappropriate.
- FIG. 12 shows the closed-loop transfer function gain characteristics based on the model block of the magnetic bearing control system.
- the sensor resolution is a dotted line
- the peak point A of the gain indicating the natural vibration can be observed because it exceeds the sensor resolution, but the peak point B is smaller than the sensor resolution. cannot be observed at Therefore, even the natural vibration mode at the peak point B, which has a small influence in a certain state, can cause oscillation when the state of the system changes as described above.
- the present invention (claim 1) is a magnetic bearing device comprising a rotating body, a magnetic bearing that levitates and supports the rotating body in the air by magnetic force, and a magnetic bearing controller that controls the magnetic bearing.
- the magnetic bearing control by the magnetic bearing controller includes a first operation mode in which the normal operation of the rotor is performed with a first magnetic bearing control gain, and a temporary operation of the rotor with a second magnetic bearing control gain. and a second operation mode in which the natural frequency of the magnetic bearing device is measured while performing at , wherein the second magnetic bearing control gain is larger than the first magnetic bearing control gain.
- the magnetic bearing control gain in the second operation mode is larger than that in the first operation mode. Therefore, the signal corresponding to the natural vibration mode included in the output of the magnetic bearing device is increased, the S/N ratio of the signal is improved, and the natural vibration mode can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the present invention is an invention of a magnetic bearing device, characterized in that the measurement of the natural frequency in the second operation mode is performed while the rotating body is rotating.
- the increase in the magnetic bearing control gain in the second operation mode may be performed while the rotating body is rotating. In this case, it is possible to measure with high sensitivity the natural vibration mode during rotation of the rotating body, which includes the influence of the gyroscopic effect and the like.
- the present invention is an invention of a magnetic bearing device, characterized in that the measurement of the natural frequency in the second operation mode is performed while the rotation of the rotor is stopped.
- the measurement of the natural frequency in the second operation mode can be performed while the rotating body is stopped. If the magnetic bearing control gain is increased while the rotating body is stopped in this way, in the unlikely event that the control becomes unstable due to the increase in the magnetic bearing control gain and touchdown occurs, the rotating body and touchdown bearing will not be affected. The impact is smaller than when rotating, and safety is high.
- the present invention is an invention of a magnetic bearing device, comprising at least one magnetic bearing device for controlling the magnetic bearing in the first operation mode based on the natural frequency measured in the second operation mode. It is characterized in that control parameters are adjusted.
- the present invention (claim 5) is an invention of a magnetic bearing device, characterized in that the adjustment of the control parameters is performed while the rotating body is rotating.
- the system can be operated efficiently. There is no waste of time until stopping for parameter adjustment, and the time until the rotating body reaches rated operation is shortened.
- the present invention is the invention of a magnetic bearing device, wherein the second operation mode changes the magnetic bearing control gain from the first magnetic bearing control gain to the second magnetic bearing control gain. a first step of increasing the gain of the second magnetic bearing control gain; a second step of measuring the natural frequency with the second magnetic bearing control gain; and when the measurement in the second step is completed, the second magnetic bearing control A third step of returning the gain to the first magnetic bearing control gain is provided.
- the present invention is an invention of a magnetic bearing device, wherein transition from the first operation mode to the second operation mode and transition from the second operation mode to the first operation mode are performed. and are repeatedly performed.
- the present invention (claim 8) is an invention of a magnetic bearing device, characterized in that the transition from the first operation mode to the second operation mode is performed according to the rotation speed of the rotor.
- the control can be gradually stabilized according to the rotation speed of the rotating body.
- it is possible to achieve more stable control with respect to changes in the natural frequency due to changes in the number of revolutions, such as the gyro effect.
- the present invention (Claim 9) relates to a magnetic bearing device, wherein in the second operation mode, a filter is arranged to advance the phase of the magnetic bearing control in the first operation mode. is characterized by increasing the phase advance amount of
- Magnetic bearing control requires a filter to advance the phase. Using this filter, the magnetic bearing control gain is increased by making the amount of phase advance larger than that in the first operation mode. As a result, measurement sensitivity can be increased without increasing the number of redundant filters. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the weight of the central processing unit (CPU).
- CPU central processing unit
- the present invention is an invention of a magnetic bearing device, wherein in the second operation mode, a filter is arranged to reduce the gain of the magnetic bearing control in the first operation mode.
- the control parameter of the filter is adjusted or the filter is deleted so as to weaken the amount of decrease in the gain of .
- Magnetic bearing control requires a filter to lower the magnetic bearing control gain.
- the magnetic bearing control gain is increased by adjusting this filter so as to weaken the amount of gain reduction or by canceling the filter in the second operation mode.
- By canceling the filter and increasing the magnetic bearing control gain it is easy to observe the natural vibration mode in the second operation mode. In particular, it is easy to observe the frequency change of the natural vibration mode that has been suppressed by this filter.
- the present invention is a magnetic bearing device, wherein the excitation signal generated inside the magnetic bearing controller is applied to the magnetic bearing during the measurement of the natural frequency in the second operation mode. It is characterized by being applied to control.
- the excitation signal can be easily generated by a CPU or the like inside the magnetic bearing controller. By applying this excitation signal, the natural vibration mode can be measured with high sensitivity in the second operation mode, so that the natural vibration mode can be easily observed. Moreover, since an external excitation signal generator and an A/D conversion device are not required, miniaturization and cost reduction can be achieved.
- the present invention is an invention of a magnetic bearing device, characterized in that an excitation signal is not applied to the magnetic bearing control during measurement of the natural frequency in the second operation mode. .
- the natural vibration mode can be measured by measuring this self-excited vibration.
- This configuration does not require an external excitation signal generator, an A/D conversion device, or an excitation signal to be calculated by a CPU, so that miniaturization and cost reduction can be achieved.
- the present invention is a magnetic bearing device, wherein in the second operation mode, the second magnetic bearing control gain is gradually increased over a predetermined period of time to increase the second magnetic bearing control gain.
- the second magnetic bearing control gain is increased. It is characterized by stopping.
- the present invention is an invention of a vacuum pump, characterized in that the magnetic bearing device according to any one of Claims 1 to 13 is mounted.
- a vacuum pump has a large number of natural vibration modes, such as a rotating body, and oscillation due to the natural vibration is likely to occur.
- the magnetic bearing control includes the first operation mode in which the normal operation of the rotating body is performed with the first magnetic bearing control gain, and the temporary operation of the rotating body in the second magnetic bearing control gain. and a second operation mode in which the natural frequency of the magnetic bearing device is measured while using the control gain, and the second magnetic bearing control gain is larger than the first magnetic bearing control gain.
- the natural vibration mode can be detected with high sensitivity. As a result, more optimal filter design becomes possible, leading to stabilization of control.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a turbomolecular pump used in an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. Model block diagram of magnetic bearing control system Closed loop transfer function gain characteristics Operation flow of the second operation mode Operation flow for transition between modes
- a diagram comparing the gain and phase of the control system in the first operation mode and the second operation mode with respect to the open loop transfer function characteristics (when the phase is advanced)
- Bode plot example of a notch filter Figure comparing the gain and phase of the control system in the first operation mode and the second operation mode for the closed-loop transfer function characteristics (when the notch filter is released)
- Diagram showing steps to adjust filters Closed-loop transfer function gain characteristics based on model block of conventional magnetic bearing control system
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a turbomolecular pump used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- a turbo-molecular pump 100 has an intake port 101 formed at the upper end of a cylindrical outer cylinder 127 .
- a plurality of rotor blades 102 (102a, 102b, 102c, .
- the rotating body 103 is a general term for members that rotate together with the rotor blades 102, and is composed of the rotor blades 102, a rotor shaft 113 attached to the center thereof, a metal disk 111 attached to the rotor shaft 113, and the like.
- the rotor shaft 113 is levitated in the air and position-controlled by, for example, a 5-axis control magnetic bearing.
- the upper radial electromagnet 104 has four electromagnets arranged in pairs on the X-axis and the Y-axis.
- Four upper radial sensors 107 are provided adjacent to the upper radial electromagnets 104 and corresponding to the upper radial electromagnets 104, respectively.
- the upper radial sensor 107 is, for example, an inductance sensor or an eddy current sensor having a conductive winding, and detects the position of the rotor shaft 113 based on the change in the inductance of this conductive winding, which changes according to the position of the rotor shaft 113 .
- This upper radial direction sensor 107 is configured to detect the radial displacement of the rotor shaft 113, that is, the rotor 103 fixed and integrated therewith, and send it to a central processing unit (CPU) of a control device (not shown). .
- CPU central processing unit
- This central processing unit is equipped with the function of a magnetic bearing controller.
- a compensation circuit having a PID control function controls the upper radial electromagnet 104 based on the position signal detected by the upper radial sensor 107.
- a magnetic bearing inverter (not shown) excites and controls the upper radial electromagnets 104 based on the excitation control command signal, thereby adjusting the upper radial position of the rotor shaft 113. be.
- the rotor shaft 113 is made of a high magnetic permeability material (iron, stainless steel, etc.) or the like, and is attracted by the magnetic force of the upper radial electromagnet 104 . Such adjustments are made independently in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- the lower radial electromagnet 105 and the lower radial sensor 108 are arranged in the same manner as the upper radial electromagnet 104 and the upper radial sensor 107 so that the lower radial position of the rotor shaft 113 is set to the upper radial position. adjusted in the same way.
- the axial electromagnets 106A and 106B are arranged so as to vertically sandwich a disc-shaped metal disk 111 provided below the rotor shaft 113 .
- the metal disk 111 is made of a high magnetic permeability material such as iron.
- An axial sensor 109 is provided to detect the axial displacement of the rotor shaft 113, and its axial position signal is sent to a central processing unit (CPU) of the controller (not shown).
- CPU central processing unit
- a compensating circuit having, for example, a PID control function detects axial electromagnet 106A and axial electromagnet 106A based on the axial position signal detected by axial sensor 109.
- 106B and a magnetic bearing inverter (not shown) controls the excitation of the axial electromagnets 106A and 106B based on these excitation control command signals.
- 106A attracts the metal disk 111 upward by magnetic force
- the axial electromagnet 106B attracts the metal disk 111 downward, and the axial position of the rotor shaft 113 is adjusted.
- control device appropriately adjusts the magnetic force exerted on the metal disk 111 by the axial electromagnets 106A and 106B, magnetically levitates the rotor shaft 113 in the axial direction, and holds the rotor shaft 113 in the space without contact.
- the motor 121 has a plurality of magnetic poles circumferentially arranged to surround the rotor shaft 113 .
- Each magnetic pole is controlled by a control device so as to rotationally drive the rotor shaft 113 through electromagnetic force acting between the magnetic poles and the rotor shaft 113 .
- the motor 121 incorporates a rotation speed sensor (not shown) such as a Hall element, resolver, encoder, etc., and the rotation speed of the rotor shaft 113 is detected by the detection signal of this rotation speed sensor.
- a phase sensor (not shown) is attached, for example, near the lower radial direction sensor 108 to detect the phase of rotation of the rotor shaft 113 .
- the control device 200 detects the position of the magnetic pole using both the detection signals from the phase sensor and the rotational speed sensor.
- a plurality of fixed wings 123 (123a, 123b, 123c, .
- the rotor blades 102 (102a, 102b, 102c, . . . ) are inclined at a predetermined angle from a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotor shaft 113 in order to move molecules of the exhaust gas downward by collision.
- the fixed wings 123 (123a, 123b, 123c, . . . ) are made of metal such as aluminum, iron, stainless steel, or copper, or metal such as an alloy containing these metals as components.
- the fixed blades 123 are also inclined at a predetermined angle from a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotor shaft 113, and are arranged inwardly of the outer cylinder 127 in a staggered manner with the stages of the rotary blades 102. ing.
- the outer peripheral end of the fixed wing 123 is supported by being inserted between a plurality of stacked fixed wing spacers 125 (125a, 125b, 125c, . . . ).
- the stationary wing spacer 125 is a ring-shaped member, and is made of, for example, metal such as aluminum, iron, stainless steel, or copper, or metal such as an alloy containing these metals as components.
- An outer cylinder 127 is fixed to the outer circumference of the stationary blade spacer 125 with a small gap therebetween.
- a base portion 129 is provided at the bottom of the outer cylinder 127 .
- An exhaust port 133 is formed in the base portion 129 and communicates with the outside. Exhaust gas that has entered the intake port 101 from the chamber (vacuum chamber) side and has been transferred to the base portion 129 is sent to the exhaust port 133 .
- a threaded spacer 131 is arranged between the lower portion of the stationary blade spacer 125 and the base portion 129 depending on the application of the turbomolecular pump 100 .
- the threaded spacer 131 is a cylindrical member made of a metal such as aluminum, copper, stainless steel, iron, or an alloy containing these metals, and has a plurality of helical thread grooves 131a on its inner peripheral surface. It is stipulated.
- the spiral direction of the thread groove 131 a is the direction in which the molecules of the exhaust gas move toward the exhaust port 133 when they move in the rotation direction of the rotor 103 .
- a cylindrical portion 102d is suspended from the lowermost portion of the rotor 103 following the rotor blades 102 (102a, 102b, 102c, . . . ).
- the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 102d is cylindrical and protrudes toward the inner peripheral surface of the threaded spacer 131, and is adjacent to the inner peripheral surface of the threaded spacer 131 with a predetermined gap therebetween.
- the exhaust gas transferred to the screw groove 131a by the rotary blade 102 and the fixed blade 123 is sent to the base portion 129 while being guided by the screw groove 131a.
- the base portion 129 is a disk-shaped member forming the base portion of the turbomolecular pump 100, and is generally made of metal such as iron, aluminum, or stainless steel.
- the base portion 129 physically holds the turbo-molecular pump 100 and also functions as a heat conduction path. Therefore, a metal having high rigidity and high thermal conductivity such as iron, aluminum, or copper is used. is desirable.
- a touchdown bearing 141 is arranged at the upper end of the stator column 122 between the upper radial direction sensor 107 and the rotor 103 . On the other hand, below the lower radial direction sensor 108, a touchdown bearing 143 is arranged.
- Both the touchdown bearing 141 and the touchdown bearing 143 are composed of ball bearings.
- the touchdown bearing 141 and the touchdown bearing 143 are designed to safely transfer the rotor 103 to a non-levitation state when the rotor 103 becomes unable to magnetically levitate for some reason, such as when the rotor 103 rotates abnormally or when a power failure occurs. It is set up so that
- FIG. 2 shows a model block diagram of the control system of the magnetic bearing.
- the plant 1 is, for example, an upper radial electromagnet 104, a lower radial electromagnet 105, axial electromagnets 106A, 106B and a rotating body 103 of a turbomolecular pump.
- the sensor 3 extracts the displacement X of the position of the rotor 103, which is the output signal of the plant 1, and the subtractor 5 calculates a deviation signal from the displacement command value X * .
- the sensors 3 are, for example, an upper radial sensor 107, a lower radial sensor 108 and an axial sensor 109.
- Figure 3 shows the closed-loop transfer function gain characteristics of this model.
- the first operation mode is the closed-loop transfer function gain characteristic of the magnetic bearing system when the turbo-molecular pump 100 is normally operated. Both the peak point A and the peak point B of the gain, which indicate the natural vibration at this time, should exceed the sensor resolution with a margin. Therefore, the magnetic bearing control gain of the controller 7 is temporarily increased. As a result, the closed loop transfer function gain characteristic of the first operating mode is increased in gain to the closed loop transfer function gain characteristic of the second operating mode.
- Fig. 4 shows the operation flow of the second operation mode.
- the operation in the second operation mode is started in step 1 (abbreviated as S1 in the figure, the same applies hereinafter).
- the magnetic bearing control gain of the controller 7 is increased from the magnetic bearing control gain in the first operation mode.
- the natural frequency is measured in this state.
- the method of measuring the natural frequency at this time is preferably fast Fourier transform, or may be discrete Fourier transform.
- the natural vibrations to be measured are the bending mode of the rotor 103 , the natural vibration mode of the rotor blade 102 , the vibration mode caused by the stator, and the rigid body mode of the rotor 103 .
- step 5 After measuring the natural frequency in step 5, the magnetic bearing control gain of the controller 7 is returned to the magnetic bearing control gain in the first operation mode in step 7. Then, in step 9, the operation in the second operation mode ends.
- CPU central processing unit
- the magnetic bearing control gain in the second operating mode is larger than that in the first operating mode. Therefore, the signal corresponding to the natural vibration mode included in the output of the magnetic bearing device is increased, the S/N ratio of the signal is improved, and the natural vibration mode can be detected with high sensitivity. As a result, more optimal filter design becomes possible, leading to stabilization of control.
- the types of this signal include a displacement signal, a current signal, and the like.
- a turbo-molecular pump has rotor blades 102, and oscillation due to its natural vibration is likely to occur, but the natural frequency of the rotor blades 102 can be measured with high accuracy.
- FIG. 5 shows the operation flow of transition between modes.
- the first operation mode indicated by step 11 is a mode in which normal operation is performed.
- the second mode of operation indicated by step 13 is the mode in which natural frequency measurements are made.
- the conditions for transitioning from the first operation mode to the second operation mode are, for example, immediately after shipment, at initial setting, at power-on, after a certain period of time has elapsed, after recovery from an error state, at user operation, at pump When installing or removing a cable, when changing a cable, when there is a change in temperature, etc.
- the condition for transitioning from the second operation mode to the first operation mode is, for example, when the measurement of the natural vibration is completed. Return to mode.
- the filter is designed after returning to the first operation mode.
- the filter for the first operating mode may be updated before returning from the second operating mode to the first operating mode.
- the second operation mode may be changed to the first operation mode when a displacement or vibration spectrum equal to or greater than a predetermined value is detected. That is, when the oscillation is large and dangerous, the measurement is interrupted and immediately returned to the first operation mode.
- FIG. 6 shows the open-loop transfer function characteristics from the displacement command value X * to the displacement X in the model block diagram of the magnetic bearing control system shown in FIG. It compares gain and phase.
- the controller 7 usually requires a differential gain or a phase lead filter as PID control. Differential gain consists of a complete differential or an incomplete differential filter.
- the magnetic bearing control gain is increased by making the differential gain or the phase advance amount of the phase advance filter larger than in the first operation mode.
- phase lead filter As a result of greatly advancing the phase as shown in the phase characteristics of the open loop transfer function in FIG. 6, the gain on the high frequency side increases as the phase advances as shown in the gain characteristics.
- the phase lead filter shown in FIG. 7 is an example configured with a second-order order and a center frequency of 100 Hz.
- Phase lead is the so-called "D" function of PID control and is necessary for magnetic bearing control, so measurement sensitivity can be increased without increasing the number of extra filters. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the weight of the central processing unit (CPU).
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a Bode diagram of a notch filter with a center frequency of 1000 Hz.
- the magnetic bearing control gain is increased by releasing the notch filter in the second operation mode.
- FIG. 9 shows gains of the control system in the first operation mode and the second operation mode with respect to the closed-loop transfer function characteristics from the displacement command value X * to the displacement X in the model block diagram of the magnetic bearing control system shown in FIG. are compared.
- the control parameter of the filter may be adjusted so as to weaken the amount of reduction in the gain of the filter provided to lower the magnetic bearing control gain in the first operation mode in the second operation mode. good. Similar effects can be obtained in this case as well.
- the controller 7 applies an excitation signal generated by a central processing unit (CPU) to the magnetic bearing control system, and observes the displacement X in response to this excitation signal.
- the excitation signal is, for example, a step signal, an impulse signal, white noise, a sine wave at a single frequency, a sine wave with a frequency sweep, or a swept sine signal.
- the magnetic bearing control gain of the controller 7 is gradually increased. Then, when the oscillation is detected, or when the increase of the magnetic bearing control gain of the controller 7 reaches a predetermined gain value, the increase of the second magnetic bearing control gain is stopped. As a result, it is possible to prevent the magnetic bearing control from becoming more unstable, prevent a sudden increase in oscillation, and perform safer magnetic bearing control. When oscillation is detected, it is desirable to immediately switch from the second operation mode to the first operation mode after stopping the increase of the second magnetic bearing control gain to reduce the magnetic bearing control gain.
- filters such as differentiators, phase lead filters, and high pass filters are connected in series with the PID controller. Also, filters such as a differentiator, a phase lead filter, a high pass filter, a low pass filter, and a band pass filter may be connected in parallel to the PID controller.
- the increase in the magnetic bearing control gain in the second operation mode in each aspect described above may be performed while the rotating body 103 is rotating.
- it is possible to measure with high sensitivity the natural vibration mode during rotation of the rotating body which includes the influence of the gyroscopic effect and the like.
- FIG. 10 shows changes in the natural vibration mode frequency due to the gyroscopic effect. When there is a gyroscopic effect, the natural frequency changes as the rotation speed changes, as shown in FIG.
- This change is confirmed during the rotation of the rotating body 103, and the filter parameters are appropriately set at each rotation speed. For example, by changing the center frequency of the notch filter according to the measured value, a more optimal filter design is possible and the control is more stable.
- This parameter setting may be performed while the rotating body 103 is rotating, or may be performed when the rotating body 103 is not rotating.
- the filter is preferably adjusted by combining the observation of the natural vibration mode when the rotating body 103 is not rotated and the observation of the natural vibration mode when the rotating body 103 is rotating. Show the procedure. First, in step 15, initial setting is started immediately after shipment. At step 17, the magnetic bearing is operated in the first operation mode, but the rotor 103 is not rotated. In step 19, the second operation mode is performed while the rotating body 103 is not rotated. That is, at this point, filter adjustment is roughly completed.
- the operation mode is returned to the first operation mode, and at step 23, the second operation mode is performed at the rotational speed ⁇ 1.
- the same processing is performed at the rotational speed ⁇ 2, the rotational speed ⁇ 3, and so on.
- the first operating mode and the second operating mode are implemented at 0, 6,000, 12,000, 18,000, 24,000, 30,000 rpm for a rated 30,000 rpm.
- the duration of each second operation mode is desirably about 1 second or less.
- the operation mode is returned to the first operation mode, and at step 31, the second operation mode is performed at the rated rotation speed. Adjust the filter gradually in this way.
- the filter adjustment is completed and the first mode of operation is restored.
- the initial setting immediately after shipment is completed.
- Filter adjustment may be performed in the second operation mode, but only data collection should be performed in the second operation mode, and data analysis and filter adjustment should be performed in the following first operation mode. may The processing of FIG. 11 may be performed in a factory during manufacturing, but by performing it after shipping and delivery, it is possible to perform filter adjustment in consideration of manufacturing variations and usage environments, so that more stable control can be performed.
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- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
これらの半導体は、きわめて純度の高い半導体基板に不純物をドープして電気的性質を与えたり、エッチングにより半導体基板上に微細な回路を形成したりなどして製造される。
そして、これらの作業は空気中の塵等による影響を避けるため高真空状態のチャンバ内で行われる必要がある。このチャンバの排気には、一般に真空ポンプが用いられているが、特に残留ガスが少なく、保守が容易等の点から真空ポンプの中の一つであるターボ分子ポンプが多用されている。
更に、ターボ分子ポンプは、電子顕微鏡等の設備において、粉塵等の存在による電子ビームの屈折等を防止するため、電子顕微鏡等のチャンバ内の環境を高度の真空状態にするのにも用いられている。
このターボ分子ポンプは回転体を磁気浮上制御するため磁気軸受装置を備えている。そして、この磁気軸受装置では、回転体の加速運転中に共振点を通過する際や定速運転中に外乱が発生した際等に、高速かつ強い力での回転体の位置制御をする必要がある。
この現象を以下に図に基づき説明する。ここに、磁気軸受の制御系のモデルブロックに基づく閉ループ伝達関数ゲイン特性を図12に示す。図12から分かるように、例えばセンサ分解能が点線の場合に、固有振動を示すゲインのピーク点Aはセンサ分解能を超えているために観測できるが、ピーク点Bはセンサ分解能よりもピークが小さいために観測できない。
このため、ある状態では影響の小さいピーク点Bにおける固有振動モードも、前述のように系の状態が変化した場合には発振の原因となりうる。
回転翼102(102a、102b、102c・・・)とわずかの空隙を隔てて複数枚の固定翼123(123a、123b、123c・・・)が配設されている。回転翼102(102a、102b、102c・・・)は、それぞれ排気ガスの分子を衝突により下方向に移送するため、ロータ軸113の軸線に垂直な平面から所定の角度だけ傾斜して形成されている。固定翼123(123a、123b、123c・・・)は、例えばアルミニウム、鉄、ステンレス、銅などの金属、又はこれらの金属を成分として含む合金などの金属によって構成されている。
固定翼スペーサ125はリング状の部材であり、例えばアルミニウム、鉄、ステンレス、銅などの金属、又はこれらの金属を成分として含む合金などの金属によって構成されている。固定翼スペーサ125の外周には、わずかの空隙を隔てて外筒127が固定されている。外筒127の底部にはベース部129が配設されている。ベース部129には排気口133が形成され、外部に連通されている。チャンバ(真空チャンバ)側から吸気口101に入ってベース部129に移送されてきた排気ガスは、排気口133へと送られる。
また、上側径方向センサ107と回転体103の間のステータコラム122の上端部には、タッチダウンベアリング141が配設されている。一方、下側径方向センサ108の下方には、タッチダウンベアリング143が配設されている。
ターボ分子ポンプは回転翼102を備えており、その固有振動による発振が発生し易いが、回転翼102の固有振動数を精度よく測定できる
第1の運転モードから第2の運転モードに遷移するときの条件は、例えば、出荷直後や初期設定時、電源投入時、一定時間経過時、エラー状態からの復帰時、ユーザの操作時、ポンプの取り付けや取り外し時、ケーブル交換時、温度変化のあったとき等である。
また、第2の運転モードにおいて固有振動モードが見つかった場合に、第2の運転モードから第1の運転モードに戻る前に、第1の運転モードのフィルタを更新してもよい。
更に、所定の値以上の変位や振動スペクトルを検出したときに第2の運転モードから第1の運転モードに遷移してもよい。即ち、発振が大きく危険な場合等には測定を中断して直ちに第1の運転モードに戻す。
1、測定された固有振動モードに基づき新しくフィルタを作成する。
2、既存のフィルタの中心周波数、線幅、大きさ等のパラメータを変更する。
3、回転数、温度等の情報との相関を取り、フィルタのパラメータそれらに合わせて変更する。
4、制御パラメータの比例ゲインや積分ゲインを変更する。
5、固有振動の影響が十分小さいと考えられる場合には特に何も変更しない。
磁気軸受制御として制御器7には通常PID制御としての微分ゲイン又は位相進みフィルタが必要である。微分ゲインは完全微分若しくは不完全微分のフィルタで構成される。第2の運転モードでは、この微分ゲイン又は位相進みフィルタの位相の進み量を第1の運転モードよりも大きくすることで磁気軸受制御ゲインを増大する。
磁気軸受制御として制御器7には通常ノッチフィルタやローパスフィルタが配設されている。このノッチフィルタやローパスフィルタを第2の運転モードの際に解除することで磁気軸受制御ゲインを大きくする。例えば、図8には中心周波数1000Hzのノッチフィルタのボード線図の例を示す。このノッチフィルタを第2の運転モードの際に解除することで磁気軸受制御ゲインを大きくする。
なお、第1の運転モードにて磁気軸受制御ゲインを下げるために配設されたフィルタのゲインの下げ量を、第2の運転モードにおいて弱めるように、フィルタの制御パラメータを調整するようにしてもよい。この場合にも同様の効果を奏することができる。
第2の運転モードにおいて、制御器7では中央演算処理装置(CPU)で生成した加振信号を磁気軸受制御系に印加し、変位Xでこの加振信号に対する応答を観測する。加振信号は、例えば、ステップ信号、インパルス信号、ホワイトノイズ、単一周波数での正弦波、周波数スイープによる正弦波、スウェプトサイン信号である。このように第2の運転モードで一時的に加振信号を印加することで、変位Xにおける固有振動モードの応答が大きくなり、固有振動モードを高感度に測定できるため固有振動モードを観測し易い。外部の加振信号発生器やA/D変換装置が不要なので、小型化、コストダウンが図れる。
なお、外部の加振信号発生器を用いることでも、同様に固有振動モードを高感度に測定することができる。
このことにより、磁気軸受制御がより不安定になることを防ぐことができ、発振の急な増大を防げてより安全な磁気軸受制御が行える。なお、発振を検知した場合には、第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインの増大停止後、直ちに第2の運転モードから第1の運転モードに遷移させ、磁気軸受制御ゲインを小さくするのが望ましい。
本発明は、本発明の精神を逸脱しない限り種々の改変をなすことができ、そして、本発明が当該改変されたものにも及ぶことは当然である。また、上述した各実施形態は種々組み合わせても良い。
3 センサ
5 減算器
7 制御器
100 ターボ分子ポンプ
102 回転翼
103 回転体
104 上側径方向電磁石
105 下側径方向電磁石
106A、106B 軸方向電磁石
107 上側径方向センサ
108 下側径方向センサ
109 軸方向センサ
111 金属ディスク
113 ロータ軸
121 モータ
141、143 タッチダウンベアリング
Claims (14)
- 回転体と、
該回転体を磁力で空中に浮上支持する磁気軸受と、
該磁気軸受を制御する磁気軸受制御器とを備えた磁気軸受装置であって、
前記磁気軸受制御器による磁気軸受制御には、前記回転体の通常運転を第1の磁気軸受制御ゲインで行う第1の運転モードと、前記回転体の一時運転を第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインで行いつつ前記磁気軸受装置の固有振動数を測定する第2の運転モードとを有し、
前記第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインが前記第1の磁気軸受制御ゲインよりも大きいことを特徴とする磁気軸受装置。 - 前記第2の運転モードの固有振動数の測定が前記回転体の回転中に行われることを特徴とする請求項1記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第2の運転モードの固有振動数の測定が前記回転体の回転の停止中に行われることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第2の運転モードで測定された固有振動数に基づき前記第1の運転モードにおける前記磁気軸受を制御する少なくとも一つの制御パラメータの調整が行われることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記制御パラメータの調整が前記回転体の回転中に行われることを特徴とする請求項4記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第2の運転モードが、前記第1の磁気軸受制御ゲインから前記第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインにまで前記磁気軸受制御のゲインを増大させる第1工程と、前記第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインで前記固有振動数を測定する第2工程と、該第2工程での測定が完了したときに前記第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインから前記第1の磁気軸受制御ゲインに戻す第3工程を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第1の運転モードから前記第2の運転モードへの遷移と、前記第2の運転モードから前記第1の運転モードへの遷移とが繰り返し行われることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第1の運転モードから前記第2の運転モードへの遷移が前記回転体の回転数に応じて行われることを特徴とする請求項7記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第2の運転モードにおいて、前記第1の運転モードにて前記磁気軸受制御の位相を進めるために配設されたフィルタの位相進み量を大きくすることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第2の運転モードにおいて、前記第1の運転モードにて前記磁気軸受制御のゲインを下げるために配設されたフィルタのゲインの下げ量を弱めるように前記フィルタの制御パラメータを調整する、若しくは前記フィルタを削除することを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第2の運転モードの固有振動数測定時に、前記磁気軸受制御器の内部で生成された加振信号が前記磁気軸受制御に印加されることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第2の運転モードの固有振動数測定時に、前記磁気軸受制御に対して加振信号が印加されないことを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 前記第2の運転モードにおいて、前記第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインを所定時間をかけて次第に増大させ、該第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインの増大により生じた発振を検知したとき、あるいは、該第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインが所定の制御ゲイン量に到達したことを確認したときに該第2の磁気軸受制御ゲインの増大を停止させることを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の磁気軸受装置を搭載した真空ポンプ。
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| KR1020247000820A KR20240052743A (ko) | 2021-08-30 | 2022-08-23 | 자기 베어링 장치 및 진공 펌프 |
| CN202280053585.6A CN117795214A (zh) | 2021-08-30 | 2022-08-23 | 磁轴承装置及真空泵 |
| EP22864350.8A EP4397874A1 (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2022-08-23 | Magnetic bearing device and vacuum pump |
| US18/293,628 US20240352937A1 (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2022-08-23 | Magnetic bearing device and vacuum pump |
| IL310335A IL310335A (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2022-08-23 | Magnetic bearing device and vacuum pump |
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| JP2021140133A JP7214805B1 (ja) | 2021-08-30 | 2021-08-30 | 磁気軸受装置及び真空ポンプ |
| JP2021-140133 | 2021-08-30 |
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| US (1) | US20240352937A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4397874A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7214805B1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20240052743A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN117795214A (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL310335A (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2023032766A1 (ja) |
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| JPH08121477A (ja) | 1994-10-24 | 1996-05-14 | Seiko Seiki Co Ltd | 磁気軸受の制御装置 |
| JP2002188630A (ja) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-07-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 磁気軸受の制御装置およびこれを用いた磁気軸受スピンドル装置 |
| WO2021166816A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-26 | エドワーズ株式会社 | 真空ポンプコントローラおよび真空ポンプ |
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| US4874998A (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1989-10-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Magnetically levitated fine motion robot wrist with programmable compliance |
| US5347190A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1994-09-13 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Magnetic bearing systems |
| US5469007A (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-11-21 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Magnetic bearing arrangement |
| JPH07256503A (ja) * | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-09 | Seiko Seiki Co Ltd | スピンドル装置 |
| JP3591111B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-29 | 2004-11-17 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 磁気軸受制御装置 |
| US5708312A (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-01-13 | Rosen Motors, L.P. | Magnetic bearing system including a control system for a flywheel and method for operating same |
| WO1997048169A1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-18 | Rosen Motors, L.P. | Magnetic bearing system including a control system for a flywheel and method for operating same |
| US6348749B1 (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 2002-02-19 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Magnetic bearing device and method of starting the device |
| DE112006003333T5 (de) * | 2005-12-09 | 2008-10-09 | Ntn Corp. | In einen Motor eingebaute Magnetlagervorrichtung |
| JP5827492B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-28 | 2015-12-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 振動特性測定装置および振動特性測定方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-08-30 JP JP2021140133A patent/JP7214805B1/ja active Active
-
2022
- 2022-08-23 KR KR1020247000820A patent/KR20240052743A/ko active Pending
- 2022-08-23 EP EP22864350.8A patent/EP4397874A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-08-23 TW TW111131667A patent/TW202319660A/zh unknown
- 2022-08-23 IL IL310335A patent/IL310335A/en unknown
- 2022-08-23 WO PCT/JP2022/031776 patent/WO2023032766A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-08-23 CN CN202280053585.6A patent/CN117795214A/zh active Pending
- 2022-08-23 US US18/293,628 patent/US20240352937A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08121477A (ja) | 1994-10-24 | 1996-05-14 | Seiko Seiki Co Ltd | 磁気軸受の制御装置 |
| JP2002188630A (ja) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-07-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 磁気軸受の制御装置およびこれを用いた磁気軸受スピンドル装置 |
| WO2021166816A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-26 | エドワーズ株式会社 | 真空ポンプコントローラおよび真空ポンプ |
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| US20240352937A1 (en) | 2024-10-24 |
| EP4397874A1 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
| TW202319660A (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
| KR20240052743A (ko) | 2024-04-23 |
| JP2023034065A (ja) | 2023-03-13 |
| IL310335A (en) | 2024-03-01 |
| CN117795214A (zh) | 2024-03-29 |
| JP7214805B1 (ja) | 2023-01-30 |
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