WO2023032680A1 - エポキシ基含有オルガノシリカゾル、エポキシ樹脂組成物、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
エポキシ基含有オルガノシリカゾル、エポキシ樹脂組成物、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023032680A1 WO2023032680A1 PCT/JP2022/031107 JP2022031107W WO2023032680A1 WO 2023032680 A1 WO2023032680 A1 WO 2023032680A1 JP 2022031107 W JP2022031107 W JP 2022031107W WO 2023032680 A1 WO2023032680 A1 WO 2023032680A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/145—Preparation of hydroorganosols, organosols or dispersions in an organic medium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/146—After-treatment of sols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5033—Amines aromatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C08L101/10—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing hydrolysable silane groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/22—Rheological behaviour as dispersion, e.g. viscosity, sedimentation stability
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/80—Siloxanes having aromatic substituents, e.g. phenyl side groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an epoxy group-containing organosilica sol and a cured product-forming composition using the same.
- the organic solvent-dispersed silica sol is combined with an organic resin to obtain a silica-containing resin composition, which contains a curing agent and can be made into a resin molding or a coating composition to be coated on a film.
- a silica-containing resin composition which contains a curing agent and can be made into a resin molding or a coating composition to be coated on a film.
- Inorganic oxide particles such as silica contained in the organic resin are bonded to the resin matrix through covalent bonds due to compatibility with the organic resin and reaction with the polymerizable groups in the resin when a polymerizable resin is used.
- a further improvement in physical properties can be achieved by allowing the presence of Therefore, a sol containing silica particles containing polymerizable groups on the silica particles is desired.
- a method for producing a composition of a polymerizable organic compound containing silica particles, in which an amine-containing organic solvent-dispersed silica sol and a polymerizable organic compound are mixed see Patent Document 1.
- Patent Literature 1 describes that colloidal silica particles are subjected to an organophilic treatment with an organic silane compound, and that the polymerizable organic compound is a liquid epoxy resin. Further, a modified epoxy resin obtained by modifying tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate and a liquid epoxy resin composition containing silica particles are disclosed (see Patent Document 2).
- the present invention includes a silica sol containing an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group and silica particles containing an alkoxy group as dispersoids, stably dispersed in an organic solvent, and a cured body-forming composition containing the silica sol and an epoxy cured body. intended to provide
- the present invention contains an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) and an alkoxy group (OR 1 ), and has an average primary particle size of 5 to 100 nm as determined by the nitrogen gas adsorption method (BET method).
- a silica sol containing certain silica particles as a dispersoid, an organic substance as a dispersion medium, and a basic substance When the average particle size of the silica particles by the dynamic light scattering method (DLS method) is 5 to 200 nm, the ratio of (average particle size by the DLS method) / (average primary particle size by the BET method) is 1.05 to 2.00;
- the silica particles contain 0.1 to 6.0/nm 2 of epoxy groups or epoxy group-containing organic groups (R 2 ) per unit area of the silica particle surface,
- the silica particle surface contains 0.3 to 4.0 alkoxy groups (OR 1 ) per unit area per nm 2 , and the (R 2 )/(OR 1 ) molar ratio is 0.1 to 2.0.
- the average particle size of the silica particles measured by the dynamic light scattering method after storage at 50 ° C. for 7 days is in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 times the value before storage.
- the silica sol described in As a third aspect, the silica sol according to the first or second aspect, wherein the epoxy group is a glycidyl group or a 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl group;
- the silica sol according to the fourth aspect wherein the organic substance having a carbonyl structure in the dispersion medium is methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone,
- the organic substance having an epoxy group in the dispersion medium is a bisphenol A liquid epoxy compound, a bisphenol F liquid epoxy compound, or 3′,4′-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3′,4′-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate.
- the silica sol according to the fourth aspect As a seventh aspect, the silica sol according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the basic substance is an amine, ammonia, an inorganic alkali compound, or a quaternary ammonium compound; As an eighth aspect, the silica sol according to the seventh aspect, wherein the amine is a secondary or tertiary amine having 5 to 35 carbon atoms in total; As a ninth aspect, the silica particles further have formulas (1) to (3): (in formula (1), each R 3 is an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or an organic group having a (meth)acryloyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, a ureido group, or a cyano group; and bonded to a silicon atom by a Si—C bond, each R 4 represents an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, or a hal
- R 6 and R 8 each represent an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, or a halogen group
- Y represents an alkylene group, an NH group, or an oxygen atom
- b is an integer of 1 to 3
- d is an integer of 1-3.
- the silica sol according to any one of the first to eighth aspects comprising a hydrolyzate of at least one silane compound selected from the group consisting of
- the silane compound according to the ninth aspect has the formula (1) (wherein R 3 is an organic group having an aryl group and is bonded to a silicon atom via a Si—C bond, , R 4 represents an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, or a halogen group, and a represents an integer of 1 to 3.).
- the step (C) further comprises adding at least one silane compound selected from the group consisting of the above formulas (1) to (3) to coat the silica particles.
- the manufacturing method described As a fourteenth aspect, described in the twelfth aspect or the thirteenth aspect, wherein the step (D) replaces the dispersion medium from the alcohol R 1 OH with an organic substance having a carbonyl structure, and then further replaces it with an organic substance having an epoxy group.
- a cured body-forming composition comprising the silica sol according to any one of the first aspect to the eleventh aspect, and an amine-based curing agent, an acid anhydride-based curing agent, or an acid generator-based curing agent, and, as a sixteenth aspect, the composition for forming a cured body according to the fifteenth aspect, further containing an epoxy resin.
- the present invention comprises silica particles containing an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) and an alkoxy group (OR 1 ) and having an average primary particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm as determined by the nitrogen gas adsorption method (BET method).
- a silica sol containing a dispersoid, an organic substance as a dispersion medium, and a basic substance is 5 to 200 nm, the ratio of (average particle size by the DLS method) / (average primary particle size by the BET method) is 1.05.
- the silica particles contain epoxy groups or epoxy group-containing organic groups (R 2 ) in an amount of 0.1 to 6.0/nm 2 per unit area of the surface of the silica particles,
- the silica particle surface contains 0.3 to 4.0 alkoxy groups (OR 1 ) per unit area per nm 2 , and the (R 2 )/(OR 1 ) molar ratio is 0.1 to 2.0.
- 0 silica sol it was found that silica particles stably exist in an organic dispersion medium (that is, an organic solvent) when the (R 2 )/(OR 1 ) molar ratio is within a specific range.
- an organic dispersion medium organic solvent
- the alkoxy group (OR 1 ) is formed by changing the silanol group of the silica particles to the alkoxy group (OR 1 ) when the aqueous silica sol is solvent-substituted with the alcohol of R 1 OH.
- moisture may cause a reverse reaction of the above reaction, and the alkoxy group (OR 1 ) may return to a silanol group.
- the silica sol using an alcohol having an R 1 OH structure as a dispersion medium has a water content of 5% by mass or less, for example, 1.0 to 5.0% by mass, or 1.2 to 5.0% by mass, or 1.
- the phrase “containing an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) and an alkoxy group (OR 1 )” means that the silica particles in the silica sol contain an alcohol having an R 1 —OH structure and a Si—OR 1 structure (Si indicates Si in the silica particles), and some of them are in a state of interacting with the silica particles through hydrogen bonding as R 1 —OH derived from R 1 O—. be.
- an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) is added to the silica particles in the silica sol via a silicon atom in a Si—O—Si—R 2 structure (Si on the left indicates Si in the silica particles, Si on the right represents Si in the silane compound), and partly forms a covalent bond with R 2 —Si—(OR) 3 (where R is a methyl group or an ethyl group and forms an OR hydrolysis group). ) is in a state of interacting with silica particles through hydrogen bonding as an R 2 —Si—(OH) 3 silane compound derived from ).
- the present invention comprises silica particles containing an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) and an alkoxy group (OR 1 ) and having an average primary particle diameter of 5 to 100 nm as determined by the nitrogen gas adsorption method (BET method).
- a silica sol containing a dispersoid, an organic substance as a dispersion medium, and a basic substance When the average particle size of the silica particles by the dynamic light scattering method (DLS method) is 5 to 200 nm, the ratio of (average particle size by the DLS method) / (average primary particle size by the BET method) is 1.05 to 2.
- the silica particles contain epoxy groups or epoxy group-containing organic groups (R 2 ) in an amount of 0.1 to 6.0/nm 2 per unit area of the surface of the silica particles,
- the silica particle surface contains 0.3 to 4.0 alkoxy groups (OR 1 ) per unit area per nm 2 , and the (R 2 )/(OR 1 ) molar ratio is 0.1 to 2.0. 0 above silica sol.
- the alkoxy group (OR 1 ) of the present invention is an alkoxy group (OR 1 ) formed on (on or near the surface of) silica particles when an aqueous silica sol is solvent-substituted with an alcohol having an R 1 —OH structure, and has a number of carbon atoms functional groups derived from 1 to 4 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propanol, i-propanol, 1 -methoxy-2-propoxy group and the like. Some interact with the silica particles in the form of alcohol.
- An epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) is a functional group formed on (on or near the surface of) silica particles when an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 )-containing silane is added to the silica particles.
- Epoxy groups include glycidyl groups and 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl groups, such as 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane and the like.
- the silica particles contain 0.3 to 4.0/nm 2 of alkoxy groups (OR 1 ) per unit area of the silica particle surface, and an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ). It contains 0.1 to 6.0 particles/nm 2 in terms of a unit area of the silica particle surface, and the (R 2 )/(OR 1 ) molar ratio is 0.1 to 2.0.
- the above content is measured in terms of per unit area of the silica particle surface, which is the sum of the cases of covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding to the silica particles, and (R 2 ) and (OR 1 ) is produced by the addition of the containing compound.
- the sol of the present invention has a solid content of 0.1 to 70% by mass, or 1 to 60% by mass, or 10 to 55% by mass.
- the solid content is the total components of the sol excluding the solvent component.
- the silica particles of the present invention are obtained with an average primary particle size of 5 to 200 nm, 5 to 150 nm, or 5 to 100 nm as determined by the nitrogen gas adsorption method (BET method).
- Silica particles are obtained with an average particle size in the range of 5 to 200 nm or 5 to 150 nm by the dynamic light scattering method (DLS method).
- the ratio of (average particle size by DLS method)/(average primary particle size by BET method) of silica particles is 1.05 to 2.00. Although it has the above (R 2 ) group, since the molar ratio to the (OR 1 ) group is 0.1 to 2.0, it does not aggregate even in an organic solvent and exists in a nearly spherical form.
- the average particle size of the silica particles measured by the dynamic light scattering method after storage at 50°C for 7 days is in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 times the value before storage. Since the value after storage is in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 times the value before storage, the silica sol of the present invention has high storage stability and is stable.
- the silica sol of the present invention uses an organic substance as a dispersion medium, and the dispersion medium is an organic substance having a carbonyl structure or an organic substance having an epoxy group.
- Organic substances having a carbonyl structure are ketone solvents, amide solvents, and ester solvents.
- the ketone solvent is a linear or cyclic aliphatic ketone having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, such as methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, cyclohexanone and the like. .
- the amide solvent is an aliphatic amide having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, such as dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone and the like.
- Ester solvents include ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and the like.
- Preferred examples of the organic substance having a carbonyl structure include methyl isobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.
- Organic substances having an epoxy group are liquid epoxy compounds such as 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,2-epoxy-4-(epoxyethyl)cyclohexane, glycerol triglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 2,6 -diglycidylphenyl glycidyl ether, 1,1,3-tris[p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phenyl]propane, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diglycidyl ester, 4,4′-methylenebis(N,N -diglycidylaniline), 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, trimethylolethane triglycidyl ether, triglycidyl-p-aminophenol, tetraglycidylmetaxylenediamine, tetragly
- bisphenol A liquid epoxy compound bisphenol F liquid epoxy compound, or 3′,4′-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3′,4′-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate may be mentioned.
- bisphenol A liquid epoxy compounds include bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether
- examples of bisphenol F liquid epoxy compounds include bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether.
- silica sol in which dispersoid silica particles contain aluminum atoms at a ratio of 800 to 10000 ppm/SiO 2 in terms of Al 2 O 3 . Stability is improved by using these silica sols.
- the silica sol of the present invention is prepared by the following steps (A) to (D): (A) step: Silica particles having an average particle size of 5 to 200 nm as measured by a dynamic light scattering method (DLS method) are treated with an alcohol R 1 OH (wherein R 1 is carbon which may have an oxygen atom).
- DLS method dynamic light scattering method
- a silica sol containing an alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, as a dispersion medium can be used.
- the alcohol includes methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the like. Methanol is particularly preferred as the above alcohol.
- Silica sol using an alcohol having an R 1 OH structure as a dispersion medium has a water content of 5% by mass or less, for example, 1.0 to 5.0% by mass, or 1.2 to 5.0% by mass, or 1.2 to 3.0% by mass. It is preferably at 0.0% by weight.
- a silica sol containing an alcohol R 1 OH having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, as a dispersion medium is obtained using an aqueous silica sol as a starting material.
- the aqueous silica sol is obtained by using water glass as a starting material, a) obtaining active silicic acid by cation exchange of the water glass, and b) heating the active silicic acid to obtain silica particles.
- a mineral acid for example, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or sulfuric acid
- active silicic acid from which unnecessary anions are removed can be used.
- an alkali component eg, NaOH, KOH
- a seed liquid and a feed liquid are prepared by adding an alkali to the active silicic acid obtained in step a), and the feed liquid is supplied while heating the seed liquid to increase the silica particle diameter.
- An aqueous silica sol having an arbitrary particle size can be obtained by increasing the . More preferably, among the aqueous silica sol obtained in step b), an acidic silica sol obtained by removing alkali ions existing outside the particles is suitable as a starting material for the present invention.
- the aqueous medium of the aqueous silica sol is preferably an alcohol R 1 OH having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- This alcohol is particularly methanol
- silica particles having an average particle size of 5 to 200 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering method are used as a dispersion chamber, and a silica sol having an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms as a dispersion medium can be obtained.
- the step (B) is a step of adding a basic substance to the silica sol obtained in the step (A).
- the amount of the basic substance to be added is preferably such that the silica sol has a pH of 6.0 to 11.0, or 7.0 to 11.0.
- the added amount of the basic substance exists as the content in the silica sol.
- the pH of the silica sol of the present invention is measured with a pH meter of a liquid obtained by mixing silica sol, methanol and pure water at a mass ratio of 1:1:1 or 1:2:1.
- the above basic substances include amines, ammonia, inorganic alkaline compounds, and quaternary ammonium compounds.
- Examples of amines include secondary amines and tertiary amines having 5 to 35 carbon atoms in total.
- Examples of the secondary amine include ethyl-n-propylamine, ethylisopropylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, ethylbutylamine, n-propylbutylamine, dibutylamine, ethylpentylamine, n-propylpentylamine, and isopropylpentylamine.
- tertiary amine examples include triethylamine, ethyldi-n-propylamine, diethyl-n-propylamine, tri-n-propylamine, triisopropylamine, ethyldibutylamine, diethylbutylamine, isopropyldibutylamine, diisopropylethylamine, diisopropylbutylamine, tributylamine, ethyldipentylamine, diethylpentylamine, tri-n-pentylamine, methyldioctylamine, dimethyloctylamine, ethyldioctylamine, diethyloctylamine, trioctylamine, benzyldibutylamine, diazabicycloundecene, etc.
- secondary amines and tertiary amines having an alkyl group having a total number of carbon atoms of 5 to 35 are preferred, such as diisopropylamine, tri-n-pentylamine, triisopropylamine, dimethyloctylamine and trioctylamine. , diisopropylethylamine, and the like.
- Ammonia can be used as gaseous ammonia or ammonia water.
- the quaternary ammonium hydroxide is preferably a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide having a total carbon number of 4 to 40.
- examples thereof include tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetra-n-propylammonium hydroxide, tetra-i-propylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and ethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide.
- inorganic alkali compounds include alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate.
- the step (C) is a step of adding a silane compound having an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) to the silica sol obtained in the step (B) to coat the silica particles.
- An epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) is a functional group formed on (on or near the surface of) silica particles when an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 )-containing silane is added to the silica particles.
- the epoxy group is a glycidyl group or a 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl group, for example 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, sidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane and the like.
- 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, Ethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane are preferably used.
- the hydroxy groups on or near the surface of silica particles react with the silane compound to coat the surface of the silica particles with the silane compound through siloxane bonds.
- the reaction temperature can be in the range of 20°C to the boiling point of the dispersion medium, for example, 20°C to 100°C.
- the reaction time can be about 0.1 to 6 hours.
- Water is necessary for the hydrolysis of the above silane compound, but if the sol of the alcohol R 1 OH solvent having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is used, the water remaining in the alcohol solvent can be removed when the aqueous medium is replaced with alcohol. can be used.
- the remaining water is the water remaining when the sol of the aqueous medium is replaced with the sol of the alcohol solvent having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the water content of the silica sol dispersed in the alcohol is 5 mass% or less.
- water present at 1.0-5.0% by weight, or 1.2-5.0% by weight, or 1.2-3.0% by weight can be used.
- the basic substance also serves as a hydrolysis catalyst.
- each R 3 is an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or an organic group having a (meth)acryloyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, a ureido group, or a cyano group, and Si is bonded to a silicon atom by a —C bond
- each R 4 represents an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, or a halogen group
- a represents an integer of 1 to 3
- R 5 and R 7 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and are bonded to the silicon atom through a Si—C bond.
- R 6 and R 8 each represent an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, or a halogen group
- Y represents an alkylene group, an NH group, or an oxygen atom
- b is an integer of 1 to 3
- d is an integer of 1-3.
- the above alkyl group is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, cyclopropyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, s-butyl group.
- the above aryl group is an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthracene group and pyrene group.
- the alkenyl group is an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methyl-1-ethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl and 3-butenyl.
- alkoxy group examples include alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t -butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, 1-methyl-n-butoxy group, 2-methyl-n-butoxy group, 3-methyl-n-butoxy group, 1,1-dimethyl-n-propoxy group, 1,2 -dimethyl-n-propoxy group, 2,2-dimethyl-n-propoxy group, 1-ethyl-n-propoxy group, n-hexyloxy group and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the acyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms is, for example, methylcarbonyloxy group, ethylcarbonyloxy group, n-propylcarbonyloxy group, i-propylcarbonyloxy group, n-butylcarbonyloxy group, i-butyl carbonyloxy group, s-butylcarbonyloxy group, t-butylcarbonyloxy group, n-pentylcarbonyloxy group, 1-methyl-n-butylcarbonyloxy group, 2-methyl-n-butylcarbonyloxy group, 3-methyl -n-butylcarbonyloxy group, 1,1-dimethyl-n-propylcarbonyloxy group, 1,2-dimethyl-n-propylcarbonyloxy group, 2,2-dimethyl-n-propylcarbonyloxy group, 1-ethyl -n-propylcarbonyloxy group, n-hexylcarbonyloxy group, 1-methyl-n-
- the (meth)acryloyl group mentioned above represents both an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group.
- Organic groups having a (meth)acryloyl group include, for example, a 3-methacryloxypropyl group and a 3-acryloxypropyl group.
- Organic groups having a mercapto group include, for example, a 3-mercaptopropyl group.
- Organic groups having an amino group include, for example, 2-aminoethyl group, 3-aminopropyl group, N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl group, N-(1,3-dimethyl-butylidene)aminopropyl group , N-phenyl-3-aminopropyl group, N-(vinylbenzyl)-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl group and the like.
- An example of an organic group having a ureido group is a 3-ureidopropyl group.
- the organic group having a cyano group includes, for example, a 3-cyanopropyl group.
- the silica compounds represented by formulas (2) and (3) above are preferably compounds capable of forming trimethylsilyl groups on the surfaces of silica particles. Examples of these compounds are given below.
- R12 is an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group and an ethoxy group.
- Preferred functional groups include trimethylsilyl group, monomethylsilyl group, dimethylsilyl group, methacryloxypropylsilyl group, and phenyl group
- corresponding silane compounds include hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethylsiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxy silane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, etc. mentioned.
- the above silane compound has the formula (1) (R 3 is an organic group having an aryl group and is bonded to a silicon atom via a Si—C bond, and R 4 is an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, or a halogen group). and a is an integer of 1 to 3.), examples of which include phenyltriethoxysilane and phenyltrimethoxysilane.
- the step (D) is a step of replacing the alcohol R 1 OH in the dispersion medium of the silica sol obtained in the step (C) with an organic substance having a carbonyl structure or an organic substance having an epoxy group.
- Organic substances having a carbonyl structure are ketone solvents, amide solvents, and ester solvents, and organic substances having an epoxy group are liquid epoxy compounds, such as the compounds exemplified above.
- the dispersion medium can be substituted with an organic substance having an epoxy group after the alcohol R 1 OH is substituted with an organic substance having a carbonyl structure.
- a silica sol using an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium and a silica sol using an organic substance having an epoxy group as a dispersion medium can be obtained.
- Any silica sol can contain a curing agent such as an amine-based curing agent, an acid anhydride-based curing agent, or an acid generator-based curing agent (a thermal acid generator or a photoacid generator) to form a cured product.
- a cured product-forming composition containing silica sol and a curing agent can be applied to a substrate, and a cured product can be formed by heating, light irradiation, or a combination thereof.
- the cured product-forming composition may further contain an epoxy resin.
- thermosetting agent in the case of a composition for forming a thermosetting cured body, can be contained in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents, relative to the epoxy groups.
- the equivalent weight of the thermosetting agent to the epoxy compound is indicated by the equivalent ratio of the curable groups of the thermosetting agent to the epoxy groups.
- Thermal curing agents include phenol resins, amine-based curing agents, polyamide resins, imidazoles, polymercaptans, acid anhydrides, thermal acid generators, and the like. Acid anhydride-based curing agents and amine-based curing agents are particularly preferred. These thermosetting agents can be used by dissolving them in a solvent even if they are solid.
- the curing agent itself is preferably liquid at normal temperature and pressure.
- Phenol resins include, for example, phenol novolak resins and cresol novolak resins.
- amine curing agents include piperidine, N,N-dimethylpiperazine, triethylenediamine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, benzyldimethylamine, 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, diethylenetriamine, triethylenediamine, ethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, diethylaminopropylamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, di(1-methyl-2-aminocyclohexyl)methane, mensenediamine, isophoronediamine, diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1,3-diaminomethylcyclohexane , xylenediamine, metaphenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-diethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, diethyl
- the polyamide resin is produced by condensation of dimer acid and polyamine, and is a polyamidoamine having primary and secondary amines in the molecule.
- imidazoles examples include 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecylimidazolium trimellitate, and epoxyimidazole adducts.
- the polymercaptan is, for example, one having a mercaptan group at the end of a polypropylene glycol chain or one having a mercaptan group at the end of a polyethylene glycol chain, preferably liquid.
- the acid anhydride-based curing agent is preferably an anhydride of a compound having multiple carboxyl groups in one molecule.
- These acid anhydride curing agents include phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic anhydride, ethylene glycol bis trimellitate, glycerol tri trimellitate, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
- Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride Endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, Methylendomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, Methylbutenyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, Succinic anhydride acid, methylcyclohexenedicarboxylic anhydride, chlorendic anhydride and the like.
- the thermal acid generator includes sulfonium salts and phosphonium salts, with sulfonium salts being preferred.
- sulfonium salts being preferred.
- the following compounds can be exemplified.
- R includes an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride which is liquid at normal temperature and pressure
- methyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride methylnadic anhydride, methylhimic anhydride
- hydrogenated methylnadic acid Anhydrides methylbutenyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, mixtures of methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and hexahydrophthalic anhydride are preferred.
- These liquid acid anhydrides have viscosities of about 10 mPas to 1000 mPas as measured at 25°C.
- a curing aid when obtaining the cured product, a curing aid may be used in combination as appropriate.
- Curing aids include organic phosphorus compounds such as triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine, quaternary phosphonium salts such as ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and diethyl methyltriphenylphosphonium phosphate, and 1,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0). Quaternary ammonium salts such as undecane-7-ene, 1,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)undecane-7-ene and octylic acid salts, zinc octylate and tetrabutylammonium bromide.
- These curing aids can be contained at a ratio of 0.001 to 0.1 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the curing agent.
- a composition containing a silica sol of silica particles containing an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group (R 2 ) and an alkoxy group (OR 1 ), or further an epoxy resin is mixed with a curing agent and optionally a curing aid and heated.
- a curable composition (thermosetting composition for forming a cured body) is obtained. These can be mixed in a reaction vessel using a stirring blade or a kneader. Mixing is performed by a heat mixing method at a temperature of 60° C. to 100° C. for 0.5 to 1 hour.
- the resulting liquid epoxy resin composition is a thermosetting composition and has a suitable viscosity for use as, for example, a liquid encapsulant.
- the liquid thermosetting composition can be prepared to have any viscosity, and can be used as a transparent encapsulant for LEDs or the like by a casting method, a potting method, a dispenser method, a printing method, or the like. Can be sealed.
- the liquid thermosetting composition is directly mounted on an LED or the like in the liquid state by the method described above, it is dried and cured to obtain a cured epoxy resin.
- a cured product is obtained by applying the thermosetting composition to a substrate and heating at a temperature of 80 to 200°C.
- a photocuring agent (photoacid generator) is added in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.8 to 10% with respect to epoxy groups. It can be contained in a proportion of % by mass.
- the photoacid generator is not particularly limited as long as it directly or indirectly generates an acid upon irradiation with light.
- photoacid generators include triazine-based compounds, acetophenone derivative compounds, disulfone-based compounds, diazomethane-based compounds, sulfonic acid derivative compounds, onium salts such as iodonium salts, sulfonium salts, phosphonium salts, and selenium salts, metallocene complexes, An iron arene complex or the like can be used.
- Onium salts used as photoacid generators include iodonium salts such as diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, diphenyliodonium mesylate, diphenyliodonium tosylate, diphenyliodonium bromide, diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate.
- iodonium salts such as diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, diphenyliodonium mesylate, diphenyliodonium tosylate, diphenyliodonium bromide, diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate.
- diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate bis(p-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate, bis(p-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium mesylate, bis(p-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium tosylate, bis (p-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis(p-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, bis(p-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium chloride, bis(p-chlorophenyl)iodonium chloride, bis( p-chlorophenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate, further bis(alkylphenyl)iodonium salts such as bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium hexafluor
- Sulfonium salts such as triphenylsulfonium chloride, triphenylsulfonium bromide, tri(p-methoxyphenyl)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate, tri(p-methoxyphenyl)sulfonium hexafluorophosphonate, tri(p-ethoxyphenyl)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate, tri Triphenylsulfonium salts such as phenylsulfonium triflate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, (4-phenylthiophenyl)diphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, (4-phenylthiophenyl)diphenylsulfonium Hexafluorophosphate, bis[4-(diphenylsulfonio)phen
- Phosphonium salts such as triphenylphosphonium chloride, triphenylphosphonium bromide, tri(p-methoxyphenyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, tri(p-methoxyphenyl)phosphonium hexafluorophosphonate, tri(p-ethoxyphenyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, 4 - Phosphonium salts such as chlorobenzenediazonium hexafluorophosphate and benzyltriphenylphosphonium hexafluoroantimonate.
- Selenium salts such as triphenylselenium hexafluorophosphate, and metallocene complexes such as ( ⁇ 5 or ⁇ 6-isopropylbenzene)( ⁇ 5-cyclopentadienyl)iron (II) hexafluorophosphate.
- the following compounds can also be used as a photo-acid generator.
- a sulfonium salt compound and an iodonium salt compound are preferable as the photoacid generator.
- Their anionic species include CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , C 4 F 9 SO 3 ⁇ , C 8 F 17 SO 3 ⁇ , camphorsulfonate anion, tosylate anion, BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ and SbF 6 - and so on.
- Anion species such as phosphorus hexafluoride and antimony hexafluoride, which are particularly strongly acidic, are preferred.
- the cured body-forming composition of the present invention may contain conventional additives as necessary.
- additives include, for example, pigments, colorants, thickeners, sensitizers, antifoaming agents, leveling agents, coatability improvers, lubricants, stabilizers (antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light fastness stabilizers, etc.), plasticizers, surfactants, dissolution accelerators, fillers, antistatic agents, curing agents, and the like.
- additives include, for example, pigments, colorants, thickeners, sensitizers, antifoaming agents, leveling agents, coatability improvers, lubricants, stabilizers (antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light fastness stabilizers, etc.), plasticizers, surfactants, dissolution accelerators, fillers, antistatic agents, curing agents, and the like.
- additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a photocurable composition for forming a cured body can be applied onto a substrate and cured by light irradiation. Moreover, it can also be heated before and after light irradiation.
- the thickness of the coating film can be selected from the range of about 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 mm depending on the application of the cured product. When used for printed wiring boards, it can be about 5 ⁇ m to 5 mm (especially 100 ⁇ m to 1 mm), and when used for optical thin films, it can be about 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m (especially 0.3 to 50 ⁇ m). can.
- the light for irradiation or exposure when a photoacid generator is used may be, for example, gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible rays, etc., and usually visible light or ultraviolet rays, particularly ultraviolet rays, in many cases.
- the wavelength of the light is, for example, 150 to 800 nm, preferably 150 to 600 nm, more preferably 200 to 400 nm, especially 300 to 400 nm.
- the amount of irradiation light varies depending on the thickness of the coating film, but can be, for example, about 2 to 20,000 mJ/cm 2 , preferably about 5 to 5,000 mJ/cm 2 .
- the light source can be selected according to the type of light beam to be exposed. etc.) can be used. Such light irradiation promotes the curing reaction of the composition.
- the temperature is, for example, 60 to 250°C, preferably about 100 to 200°C.
- the heating time can be selected from the range of 3 seconds or more (eg, about 3 seconds to 5 hours), for example, 5 seconds to 2 hours, preferably about 20 seconds to 30 minutes, usually 1 minute to It can be performed in about 3 hours (eg, 5 minutes to 2.5 hours).
- a coating film formed on a base material may be pattern-exposed, and this pattern-exposure is performed by scanning a laser beam.
- light irradiation may be performed through a photomask.
- a pattern or image can be formed by developing (or dissolving) the non-irradiated area (unexposed area) generated by such pattern exposure with a developer.
- alkaline aqueous solution or an organic solvent can be used as the developer.
- alkaline aqueous solutions include aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate, aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as choline, and ethanol.
- aqueous amine solutions such as amine, propylamine, ethylenediamine.
- the alkaline developer is generally an aqueous solution of 10% by mass or less, preferably an aqueous solution of 0.1 to 3.0% by mass. Furthermore, alcohols and surfactants can be added to the developer and used, and the amount of each of these is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the developer. Among these, 0.1 to 2.38% by mass aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide can be used.
- organic solvents can be used as the organic solvent for the developer, such as acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, dimethylformamide, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol.
- propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate, etc. can be preferably used.
- a surfactant may be added for the purpose of improving coatability.
- Such surfactants are not particularly limited and may be fluorosurfactants, silicone surfactants, nonionic surfactants, or the like. One or a combination of two or more of the surfactants can be used.
- fluorine-based surfactants are preferred because of their high coating property improvement effect.
- fluorosurfactants include F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tochem Products Co., Ltd.; trade names), Megafac F171, F173, R-30, R-08, R-90, BL- 20, F-482 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., trade name), Florard FC430, FC431 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Ltd., trade name), Asahiguard AG710, Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., trade name) and the like, but are not limited to these.
- the amount of the surfactant added in the cured body-forming composition of the present invention is 0.0008 to 4.5% by mass, preferably 0.0008 to 2.7% by mass, more preferably 0.0008 to 4.5% by mass, based on the solid content. It is 1.8% by mass.
- an adhesion promoter can be added for the purpose of improving adhesion to the substrate after development.
- adhesion promoters include chlorosilanes such as trimethylchlorosilane, dimethylvinylchlorosilane, methyldiphenylchlorosilane, chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, methyldimethoxysilane, dimethylvinylethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrisilane.
- Alkoxysilanes such as ethoxysilane, silazanes such as hexamethyldisilazane, N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)urea, dimethyltrimethylsilylamine, trimethylsilylimidazole, vinyltrichlorosilane, ⁇ -chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -amino silanes such as propyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -(N-piperidinyl)propyltrimethoxysilane, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, indazole, imidazole, Heterocyclic compounds such as 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, urazole, thiouracil, mercaptoimi
- One or a combination of two or more of the adhesion promoters can be used.
- the amount of these adhesion promoters added is usually 18% by mass or less, preferably 0.0008 to 9% by mass, more preferably 0.04 to 9% by mass, based on the solid content.
- the present invention may contain a sensitizer.
- Sensitizers that can be used include anthracene, phenothiazene, perylene, thioxanthone, benzophenonethioxanthone, and the like.
- sensitizing dyes include thiopyrylium salt dyes, merocyanine dyes, quinoline dyes, styrylquinoline dyes, ketocoumarin dyes, thioxanthene dyes, xanthene dyes, oxonol dyes, cyanine dyes, and rhodamine dyes. , pyrylium salt dyes, and the like.
- anthracene-based sensitizers which, when used in combination with a cationic curing catalyst (radiation-sensitive cationic polymerization initiator), dramatically improve sensitivity and also have a function of initiating radical polymerization.
- a cationic curing catalyst radiation-sensitive cationic polymerization initiator
- the catalyst species can be simplified.
- anthracene compounds dibutoxyanthracene, dipropoxyanthraquinone and the like are effective.
- the amount of the sensitizer added is 0.01 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, based on the solid content.
- a cured body-forming composition containing an epoxy compound is to be photocured or thermally cured using a photoacid generator or a thermal acid generator. Since a photoacid generator or a thermal acid generator is used, usually used epoxy curing agents (such as amines and acid anhydrides) are not used, or even if they are used, their content is extremely low. The storage stability of the composition containing the epoxy compound is improved.
- the composition containing the above liquid epoxy compound has photocationic polymerizability. It has a higher curing rate than conventional liquid epoxy compounds (for example, alicyclic epoxy compounds having an epoxycyclohexyl ring). Since the curing speed is fast, it is possible to reduce the amount of acid generator to be added and to use a weak acid type acid generator. Reducing the amount of acid generators is important for preventing metal corrosion since acid active species may remain even after UV irradiation. High curing speed enables thick film curing. Curing by UV irradiation can be applied to heat-sensitive materials (equipment).
- Thermosetting materials and photo-curing materials using the cured body-forming composition containing the epoxy compound of the present invention are characterized by rapid curing, transparency, and small curing shrinkage, and are suitable for coating electronic parts, optical parts, and precision mechanical parts. and adhesion.
- mobile phone and camera lenses optical elements such as light emitting diodes (LED) and semiconductor lasers (LD), liquid crystal panels, biochips, parts such as camera lenses and prisms, magnetic parts of hard disks such as personal computers, CDs and DVDs
- Car bodies, lamps, electrical appliances, building materials, hard coating materials for surface protection of plastics, etc. such as car bodies, motorcycle bodies, headlight lenses and mirrors, plastic lenses for eyeglasses, mobile phones, game consoles, It can be applied to optical films, ID cards, and the like.
- Ink materials for printing on metals such as aluminum and plastics include cards such as credit cards and membership cards, electrical appliances and OA equipment switches, keyboard printing ink, and inkjet printers for CDs, DVDs, etc.
- Application to ink is mentioned.
- the cured product-forming composition containing the epoxy compound of the present invention can be used as an insulating material for electronic materials such as semiconductor encapsulating materials, adhesives for electronic materials, printed wiring board materials, interlayer insulating film materials, and encapsulants for power modules. It can be suitably used as an insulating resin used in high-voltage equipment such as resins, generator coils, transformer coils, and gas-insulated switchgears.
- the organic solvent-dispersed silica sol was diluted with a dispersion solvent, and the average particle size was measured using a dynamic light scattering particle size measuring device (ZETASIZER Nano series manufactured by Malvern Instruments LTD). .
- ZETASIZER Nano series manufactured by Malvern Instruments LTD.
- the dispersion medium is an organic substance having a carbonyl structure, it was diluted to a predetermined concentration with the dispersion medium and measured.
- the dispersion medium is an organic substance having an epoxy group, it is diluted to a predetermined concentration with methyl ethyl ketone and measured.
- the viscosity of the organic solvent-dispersed silica sol was measured using an Ostwald viscometer.
- the viscosity of the resin monomer dispersion sol was measured using a B-type rotational viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.).
- a gel obtained by vacuum-drying 4 mL of silica sol at 60° C. for 4 hours was pulverized in a mortar and dried under normal pressure at 150° C. for 2 hours to obtain a dry powder.
- E [ L3 /( 4Wh3 )] x [F/Y] [Measurement of glass transition temperature]
- the glass transition temperature was obtained using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC3500: manufactured by Netsch Japan Co., Ltd.) as a measuring device under the conditions of a temperature range of 30°C to 250°C and a heating rate of 5°C/min. obtained from the curve.
- the linear expansion coefficient was measured according to JIS K-6911.
- the thickness of the test piece was accurately measured by TMA (Thermal Mechanical Analysis) at a load of 0.05 N and a heating rate of 1° C./min.
- [Measurement of transmittance] The transmittance at 520 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer (model UV-3600: manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- Example 1 A water-dispersed silica sol (average primary particle size 12 nm, pH 3, silica concentration 33% by mass, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was prepared. 1000 g of the above silica sol was charged into a glass reactor with an internal volume of 2 L equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a thermometer and two injection ports, and the sol in the reactor was boiled and generated in a separate boiler. The evaporated methanol vapor was continuously blown into the silica sol in the reactor to gradually raise the liquid level while replacing water with methanol.
- the resulting methanol-dispersed silica sol had a SiO 2 concentration of 30.5% by mass, a water content of 1.6% by mass, and a viscosity of 2 mPa ⁇ s.
- distillation was carried out using a rotary evaporator at a bath temperature of 80° C. under reduced pressure of 500 to 350 Torr while supplying methyl ethyl ketone to give a methyl ethyl ketone-dispersed silica sol (SiO 2 of 30.5% by mass, viscosity (20° C.) of 1.5% by mass. 13 mPa ⁇ s, water content 0.05% by mass, methanol 0.05% by mass, pH 8.46, dynamic light scattering particle size 14.8 nm, active epoxy content 0.80/nm 2 , methoxy group content 1 .2 pieces/nm 2 ) were obtained.
- the resulting methyl ethyl ketone-dispersed silica sol showed a rate of change within 20% of the initial particle diameter measured by dynamic light scattering.
- compositions were produced at the mixing ratios of Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and their physical properties were evaluated. Tables 1 to 3 show the results.
- A-1 Shows the mass (g) of the methanol-dispersed silica sol in step (A).
- A-2 Shows the SiO 2 content (%) in the methanol-dispersed silica sol in step (A).
- A-3 Shown is the average particle size (nm) of SiO 2 particles in the methanol-dispersed silica sol in step (A) by the BET method.
- A-4 Indicates the water content (%) of the methanol-dispersed silica sol in step (A).
- A-5 The pH of the methanol-dispersed silica sol in step (A) was measured by mixing the silica sol and pure water at a mass ratio of 1:1.
- B-1 Type of basic substance added in step (B).
- TnPnA indicates tri-n-pentylamine
- DiPA indicates diisopropylamine
- DiPEA indicates diisopropylmonoethylamine.
- B-2 Shows the amount (g) of the basic substance added in step (B).
- B-3 The pH of the methanol-dispersed silica sol after addition of the basic substance in step (B) and the pH of the liquid obtained by mixing the silica sol:methanol:pure water at a mass ratio of 1:1:1 were measured.
- B-3) of Comparative Example 1 is the result of re-measurement of (A-5).
- C-1 In Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples, the amount (g) of 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane added in step (C) is shown. In Example 7, the amount (g) of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane added in step (C) is shown.
- C-2 The reaction conditions after adding 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane or 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in step (C) are shown.
- C-3 The amount (g) of phenyltrimethoxysilane added in step (C) is shown.
- C-4 Shows the reaction conditions after adding phenyltrimethoxysilane in step (C).
- D-1 Shows the type of organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium used in step (D).
- MEK indicates methyl ethyl ketone
- MIBK indicates methyl isobutyl ketone.
- D-2 Yield (g) of silica sol using the organic substance having a carbonyl structure obtained in step (D) as a dispersion medium.
- D-3 Shows the SiO 2 content (%) in the silica sol in which the organic substance having a carbonyl structure obtained in step (D) is dispersed.
- D-4 Shows the water content (%) in the silica sol in which the organic substance having a carbonyl structure obtained in step (D) is dispersed.
- D-5 Shows the methanol content (%) in the silica sol in which the organic substance having a carbonyl structure obtained in step (D) is dispersed.
- D-6 Viscosity (mPa ⁇ s) of the silica sol obtained in step (D), in which the organic substance having a carbonyl structure is dispersed, measured by an Ostwald viscometer.
- D-7 The pH of the silica sol containing an organic material having a carbonyl structure in step (D) as a dispersion medium.
- the silica sol:pure water:methanol was mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and the pH was measured.
- D-8 The silica particle diameter (nm) measured by the dynamic light scattering method of silica sol using an organic substance having a carbonyl structure in step (D) as a dispersion medium is shown.
- D-9 Shows the active epoxy content (number/nm 2 ) of the silica sol using an organic material having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in step (D).
- D-10 Shows the number of methoxy groups (groups/nm 2 ) of the silica sol using an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in step (D).
- D-11 Shows the aluminum content (ppm/SiO 2 ) in terms of Al 2 O 3 in the silica sol using an organic material having a carbonyl structure in step (D) as a dispersion medium.
- D-12 Shows the viscosity (mPa ⁇ s) measured by an Ostwald viscometer after storing the silica sol containing an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in step (D) at 50° C. for 7 days.
- D-13 Shown is the silica particle diameter (nm) measured by the dynamic light scattering method after storing the silica sol containing an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in step (D) at 50°C for 7 days.
- D-14 Shows the active epoxy content (number/nm 2 ) after storing the silica sol containing an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in step (D) at 50°C for 7 days.
- the resulting silica sol had a SiO concentration of 30.7% by weight, a methanol and methyl ethyl ketone content of less than 0.1% by weight, a B-type viscosity of 7820 mPa s at 25 °C, and a dynamic light scattering measured by diluting with methyl ethyl ketone.
- the normal particle size was 18.8 nm.
- the obtained mixed resin monomer-dispersed silica sol had a dynamic light scattering particle diameter after being diluted with methyl ethyl ketone, and the rate of change from the initial stage was within 20%.
- an alicyclic epoxy resin monomer (trade name Celoxide 2021P: Daicel Co., Ltd.) was added to the silica sol (methyl ethyl ketone dispersed silica sol) in which an organic substance having a carbonyl structure in the step (D) of Example 1 was used as a dispersion medium, A similar treatment was carried out to obtain an alicyclic epoxy resin monomer-dispersed silica sol.
- a liquid epoxy resin monomer (trade name YDF-8170C, Nippon Steel Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.) was added to silica sol (methyl ethyl ketone dispersed silica sol) using an organic substance having a carbonyl structure in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5 as a dispersion medium. ) made) to obtain an epoxy resin monomer-dispersed silica sol.
- D-15 The silica sol containing an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in Step (D) of Examples 1 and 5 was replaced with a silica sol containing an organic substance having an epoxy group as a dispersion medium, and the epoxy monomer thereof was replaced. type.
- D-16 Shows the trade name of the epoxy monomer used in D-15.
- D-17 Shows the content (g) of the epoxy monomer.
- D-18 Shows the content (g) of the silica sol using an organic material having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5.
- D-19 The conditions for solvent replacement from the silica sol containing an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 3 to silica sol containing an organic substance having an epoxy group as a dispersion medium were changed.
- D-20 Shows the temperature (° C.) of the heating bath in D-19.
- D-21 Shows the SiO 2 content (%) of the silica sol using an organic substance having an epoxy group as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5.
- D-22 Shows the water content (%) of the silica sol using an organic material having an epoxy group as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5.
- D-23 Shows the content (%) of methanol and an organic substance having a carbonyl structure contained in the silica sol using an organic substance having an epoxy group as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5.
- D-24 Shows the viscosity (mPa ⁇ s) of the silica sol using the organic substance having an epoxy group as the dispersion medium in the step (D) of Examples 1 and 5, as measured by a B-type rotational viscometer.
- D-25 Shows the average particle size (nm) of silica particles in silica sol containing an epoxy group-containing organic material as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5, as determined by a dynamic light scattering method.
- D-26 Shows the epoxy equivalent (g/eq) in the silica sol using an organic substance having an epoxy group as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5.
- D-27 The viscosity (mPa s) measured with a B-type rotational viscometer after storage at 50°C for 7 days of the silica sol containing an organic material having an epoxy group in the step (D) of Examples 1 and 5 as a dispersion medium.
- D-28 Silica particle diameter (nm) measured by dynamic light scattering method after storing the silica sol containing an organic material having an epoxy group as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5 at 50°C for 7 days.
- D-29 Shows the epoxy equivalent (g/eq) in the silica sol after storage at 50° C. for 7 days of the silica sol containing an epoxy group-containing organic substance as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 1 and 5.
- Thermosetting product containing epoxy group-containing silica particles An alicyclic epoxy resin monomer (trade name Celoxide 2021P: Daicel Co., Ltd.) was added to the silica sol (methyl ethyl ketone-dispersed silica sol) using an organic material having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in the step (D) of Example 1, and the bath temperature was 100. C. under reduced pressure of 200 to 10 Torr to obtain an alicyclic epoxy resin monomer-dispersed silica sol (SiO 2 concentration: 20 mass %, methanol and methyl ethyl ketone contents: less than 0.1 mass %).
- a curing agent (a mixture of methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and hexahydrophthalic anhydride) was added to the alicyclic epoxy resin monomer-dispersed silica sol, and the mixture was stirred with a vacuum deaerator V-mini300 (manufactured by EME) to obtain a mixture. .
- dimethylbenzylamine was added as a curing accelerator to this mixture, and the mixture was stirred with a vacuum deaerator to obtain a silica-containing epoxy resin curing composition.
- the resulting silica-containing epoxy resin curing composition was poured into a casting plate (a glass plate treated with a fluorine-based mold release agent, the distance between the two glass plates being 3 mm thick), heated at 90°C for 2 hours, and then heated at 150°C for 2 hours. C. for 8 hours to obtain a silica-containing epoxy resin thermoset.
- a bisphenol F-type liquid epoxy resin (trade name YDF-8170C, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.) is added to the silica sol (methyl ethyl ketone dispersed silica sol) in which an organic substance having a carbonyl structure in the step (D) of Example 1 is used as a dispersion medium.
- a liquid epoxy resin monomer (trade name YDF-8170C, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.) and a curing agent (3,3-diethyl-4,4′- Diaminodiphenylmethane (trade name: Kayahard AA, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and diethyltoluene diamine (trade name: Etacure 100, manufactured by Albemer Corporation) were added and stirred, and a silica-containing epoxy resin thermoset was similarly obtained.
- a bisphenol F-type liquid epoxy resin (trade name YDF-8170C, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.) was added to the silica sol using an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in the step (D) of Example 5, and similarly A liquid epoxy resin monomer (trade name YDF-8170C, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.) and a curing agent (3,3′-diethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (trade name) are added to the treated epoxy resin monomer-dispersed silica sol.
- an alicyclic epoxy resin monomer (Celoxide 2021P: Daicel Co., Ltd.) was mixed with methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride as a curing agent and dimethylbenzylamine as a curing accelerator, and silica sol was contained. Epoxy resin thermosets were obtained. Heat curing was performed in the same manner.
- E-4 Shows the SiO 2 content (g) in the composition.
- E-5 The heat curing agent is a mixture of Me-HHPA (methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride) and HHPA (hexahydrophthalic anhydride), and the added mass (g) is shown.
- E-6 The heat curing agent is 3,3′-diethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (trade name Kayahard AA, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), and the added mass (g) is shown.
- E-7 The thermosetting agent is diethyltoluenediamine (trade name: Etacure 100, manufactured by Albemer Corporation), and the added mass (g) is shown.
- E-8 The heat curing accelerator is dimethylbenzylamine, and its added mass (g) is shown.
- E-14 Shows the flexural modulus (MPa).
- E-15 Transmittance (%) of cured product with a thickness of 3 mm
- a UV curing belt conveyor (trade name: ECS-4011GX, manufactured by Eyegraphics) was used to irradiate ultraviolet rays at a light intensity of 500 mJ/cm 2 for curing. After that, the obtained film was post-baked at 100° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a film with a silica-containing epoxy resin photocured film.
- Film thickness Measured using a film thickness measurement system (trade name: F20-EXR, manufactured by Filmetrics).
- ⁇ Pencil hardness Measured using a pencil scratch hardness tester (trade name 553-S, manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho) in accordance with JIS K 5600-5-4.
- - HAZE value Measured in accordance with JIS K 7105 using a haze meter (trade name: NDH-5000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries).
- Bending resistance test A bending resistance test in accordance with JIS K5600-5-1, changing the mandrel to a smaller one until cracking or peeling of the coating film occurs, mm) was measured using a cylindrical mandrel bending tester (manufactured by Allgood).
- Table 6 shows the compositions and photocurable physical properties of the epoxy resin compositions using silica sol containing an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in Examples 3 and 5, and the epoxy resin composition containing no silica sol in Reference Example 3. It was shown to.
- F-1 Shows the added mass (g) of each silica sol using an organic substance having a carbonyl structure as a dispersion medium in step (D) of Examples 3 and 5.
- F-2 Shows the added mass (g) of the alicyclic epoxy resin monomer (Celoxide 2021P: Daicel Co., Ltd.).
- F-3 Shows the added mass (g) of the photoacid generator (manufactured by San-Apro Co., Ltd., trade name CPI101A, structure: formula (A-2)).
- F-4 SiO 2 content in the composition, expressed in phr (% by mass).
- F-5 Shows the film thickness ( ⁇ m) of the photocured film on the substrate.
- F-6 Shows the pencil hardness value of the photocured film.
- F-7 Shows the HAZE value of the film.
- F-8 Shows the results of the flex resistance test.
- a silica sol containing an epoxy group or an epoxy group-containing organic group and silica particles containing an alkoxy group as dispersoids and stably dispersed in an organic solvent, and obtaining a curing system composition and an epoxy cured product containing the silica sol. can be done.
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Abstract
Description
有機樹脂中に含有されるシリカ等の無機酸化物粒子は、有機樹脂との相性や、重合性樹脂を用いる場合にはそれら樹脂中の重合性基との反応により、樹脂マトリックスに共有結合を介して存在させることでより一層の物性改善が達せられる。そのためにシリカ粒子上に重合性基を含有するシリカ粒子を含むゾルが望まれている。
例えば、アミン含有有機溶媒分散シリカゾルと、重合性有機化合物とを混合する、シリカ粒子を含有する重合性有機化合物の組成物の製造方法が開示されている(特許文献1参照)。
特許文献1ではコロイダルシリカ粒子が有機シラン化合物で親有機化処理される事や、重合性有機化合物が液状エポキシ樹脂である事が記載されている。
また、トリス-(2,3-エポキシプロピル)-イソシアヌレートを変性した変性エポキシ樹脂と、シリカ粒子を含む液状エポキシ樹脂組成物が開示されている(特許文献2参照)。
動的光散乱法(DLS法)による該シリカ粒子の平均粒子径が5~200nmであるときに(DLS法による平均粒子径)/(BET法による平均一次粒子径)の比が1.05~2.00であり、
該シリカ粒子はエポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)を該シリカ粒子表面の単位面積当たりに換算して0.1~6.0個/nm2含み、
アルコキシ基(OR1)を該シリカ粒子表面の単位面積当たりに換算して0.3~4.0個/nm2含み、(R2)/(OR1)モル比が0.1~2.0である上記シリカゾル、
第2観点として、50℃7日間保管後の上記動的光散乱法による上記シリカ粒子の平均粒子径が上記保管前の値に比べて1.0~1.2倍の範囲である第1観点に記載のシリカゾル、
第3観点として、上記エポキシ基がグリシジル基又は3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル基である第1観点又は第2観点に記載のシリカゾル、
第4観点として、上記分散媒がカルボニル構造を有する有機物、又はエポキシ基を有する有機物である第1観点乃至第3観点の何れか一つに記載のシリカゾル、
第5観点として、上記分散媒のカルボニル構造を有する有機物がメチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、ジイソプロピルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、又はプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートである第4観点に記載のシリカゾル、
第6観点として、上記分散媒のエポキシ基を有する有機物が、ビスフェノールA液状エポキシ化合物、ビスフェノールF液状エポキシ化合物、又は3’,4’-エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル3’,4’-エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレートである第4観点に記載のシリカゾル、
第7観点として、上記塩基性物質がアミン、アンモニア、無機アルカリ化合物、又は第4級アンモニウム化合物である第1観点乃至第6観点の何れか一つに記載のシリカゾル、
第8観点として、上記アミンが総炭素原子数として5~35の第2級アミン又は第3級アミンである第7観点に記載のシリカゾル、
第9観点として、上記シリカ粒子が更に式(1)乃至式(3):
式(2)及び式(3)中、R5及びR7はそれぞれ炭素原子数1~3のアルキル基、又は炭素原子数6~30のアリール基で且つSi-C結合によりケイ素原子と結合しているものであり、R6及びR8はそれぞれアルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、又はハロゲン基を示し、Yはアルキレン基、NH基、又は酸素原子を示し、bは1~3の整数であり、cは0又は1の整数であり、dは1~3の整数である。)
からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のシラン化合物の加水分解物を含む第1観点乃至第8観点のいずれか一つに記載のシリカゾル、
第10観点として、第9観点に記載の上記シラン化合物が式(1)(式中、R3がアリール基を有する有機基で且つSi-C結合によりケイ素原子と結合しているものであって、R4はそれぞれアルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、又はハロゲン基を示し、aは1~3の整数を示す。)で表されるシラン化合物である第1観点乃至第8観点のいずれか一つに記載のシリカゾル、
第11観点として、上記分散質のシリカ粒子が、アルミニウム原子をシリカ粒子にAl2O3に換算して800~10000ppm/SiO2の割合で含有する第1観点乃至第10観点の何れか一つに記載のシリカゾル、
第12観点として、下記(A)工程~(D)工程:
(A)工程:動的光散乱法(DLS法)による平均粒子径が5~200nmであるシリカ粒子を、アルコールR1OH(ただしR1は酸素原子を有していても良い炭素原子数1~10の有機基を示す。)に分散したシリカゾルであり、該シリカゾル中に水分が5質量%以下である上記シリカゾルを得る工程、
(B)工程:(A)工程で得られたシリカゾルに塩基性物質を添加する工程、
(C)工程:(B)工程で得られたシリカゾルにエポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)を有するシラン化合物を添加してシリカ粒子を被覆する工程、
(D)工程:(C)工程で得られたシリカゾルの分散媒をアルコールR1OHからカルボニル構造を有する有機物、又はエポキシ基を有する有機物に置換する工程、を含む第1観点乃至第11観点の何れか一つに記載のシリカゾルの製造方法、
第13観点として、上記(C)工程が更に上記式(1)乃至式(3)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を添加してシリカ粒子を被覆するものである第12観点に記載の製造方法、
第14観点として、上記(D)工程が分散媒をアルコールR1OHからカルボニル構造を有する有機物に置換した後に、更にエポキシ基を有する有機物に置換するものである第12観点又は第13観点に記載の製造方法、
第15観点として、第1観点乃至第11観点のいずれか一つに記載のシリカゾルと、アミン系硬化剤、酸無水物系硬化剤、又は酸発生剤系硬化剤を含む硬化体形成組成物、及び
第16観点として、更にエポキシ樹脂を含有する第15観点に記載の硬化体形成組成物である。
シリカ粒子はエポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)を該シリカ粒子表面の単位面積当たりに換算して0.1~6.0個/nm2含み、
アルコキシ基(OR1)を該シリカ粒子表面の単位面積当たりに換算して0.3~4.0個/nm2含み、(R2)/(OR1)モル比が0.1~2.0であるシリカゾルである。
本発明において上記(R2)/(OR1)モル比が特定範囲にあることで、シリカ粒子が有機物の分散媒(即ち、有機溶媒)に安定に存在する事が判った。
アルコキシ基(OR1)は水性シリカゾルをR1OHのアルコールに溶媒置換した時に、シリカ粒子のシラノール基がアルコキシ基(OR1)に変化して形成されるものであるが、塩基性物質存在下では水分により上記反応の逆反応を生じ、アルコキシ基(OR1)がシラノール基に戻ることがある。本発明ではR1OH構造のアルコールを分散媒とするシリカゾルが水分含有量として5質量%以下、例えば1.0~5.0質量%、又は1.2~5.0質量%、又は1.2~3.0質量%にあることで、エポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)構造を有するシラン化合物を含有して、(R2)/(OR1)モル比が0.1~2.0の範囲に設定する事ができる。
動的光散乱法(DLS法)によるシリカ粒子の平均粒子径が5~200nmであるときに(DLS法による平均粒子径)/(BET法による平均一次粒子径)の比が1.05~2.00であり、
シリカ粒子はエポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)を該シリカ粒子表面の単位面積当たりに換算して0.1~6.0個/nm2含み、
アルコキシ基(OR1)を該シリカ粒子表面の単位面積当たりに換算して0.3~4.0個/nm2含み、(R2)/(OR1)モル比が0.1~2.0である上記シリカゾルである。
ケトン溶媒は炭素原子数3~30の直鎖又は環状の脂肪族ケトンであり、例えばメチルエチルケトン、ジエチルケトン、メチルプロピルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、ジイソプロピルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン、メチルアミルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等が挙げられる。アミド溶媒は炭素原子数4~30の脂肪族アミドであり、例えばジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、N-エチルピロリドン等が挙げられる。エステル溶媒は酢酸エチル、酢酸n-プロピル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸ブチル、又はプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等が挙げられる。
上記カルボニル構造を有する有機物は例えば、メチルイソブチルケトン、ジイソプロピルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、又はプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等が好ましく挙げられる。
特に、ビスフェノールA液状エポキシ化合物、ビスフェノールF液状エポキシ化合物、又は3’,4’-エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル3’,4’-エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレートが挙げられる。ビスフェノールA液状エポキシ化合物は例えばビスフェノール-A-ジグリシジルエーテルが挙げられ、ビスフェノールF液状エポキシ化合物は例えばビスフェノール-F-ジグリシジルエーテルが挙げられる。
(A)工程:動的光散乱法(DLS法)によるシリカ粒子の平均粒子径が5~200nmであるシリカ粒子を、アルコールR1OH(ただしR1は酸素原子を有していても良い炭素原子数1~10の有機基を示す。)に分散したシリカゾルであり、該シリカゾル中に水分が5質量%以下である上記シリカゾルを得る工程、
(B)工程:(A)工程で得られたシリカゾルに総炭素原子数が5~35の第2級アミン又は第3級アミンを添加する工程、
(C)工程:(B)工程で得られたシリカゾルにエポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)を有するシラン化合物を添加してシリカ粒子を被覆する工程、
(D)工程:分散媒をアルコールR1OHからカルボニル構造を有する有機物、又はエポキシ基を有する有機物に置換する工程、を含む方法により製造する事ができる。
さらに好ましくはb)工程でで得られた水性シリカゾルのうち、粒子の外部に存在しているアルカリイオンを除去した酸性のシリカゾルが本発明の出発原料として適している。
塩基性物質の添加量はシリカゾルのpHが6.0~11.0、又は7.0~11.0となる量である事が好ましい。塩基性物質の添加量はシリカゾル中の含有量として存在する。本発明のシリカゾルのpHはシリカゾルとメタノールと純水を質量比で1:1:1ないしは1:2:1で混合した液体をpHメーターで測定する。
上記第2級アミンとしては例えばエチル-n-プロピルアミン、エチルイソプロピルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、ジイソプロピルアミン、エチルブチルアミン、n-プロピルブチルアミン、ジブチルアミン、エチルペンチルアミン、n-プロピルペンチルアミン、イソプロピルペンチルアミン、ジペンチルアミン、エチルオクチルアミン、i-プロピルオクチルアミン、ブチルオクチルアミン、ジオクチルアミン等が挙げられる。
上記第3級アミンとしては例えばトリエチルアミン、エチルジn-プロピルアミン、ジエチル-n-プロピルアミン、トリn-プロピルアミン、トリイソプロピルアミン、エチルジブチルアミン、ジエチルブチルアミン、イソプロピルジブチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルブチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、エチルジペンチルアミン、ジエチルペンチルアミン、トリn-ペンチルアミン、メチルジオクチルアミン、ジメチルオクチルアミン、エチルジオクチルアミン、ジエチルオクチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン、ベンジルジブチルアミン、ジアザビシクロウンデセン等が挙げられる。
上記アミンの中でも総炭素原子数が5~35のアルキル基を有する第2級アミン及び第3級アミンが好ましく、例えばジイソプロピルアミン、トリn-ペンチルアミン、トリイソプロピルアミン、ジメチルオクチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン等が挙げられる。
エポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)は、シリカ粒子にエポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)含有シランを添加した時にシリカ粒子上(表面又は近傍)に形成される官能基である。
エポキシ基はグリシジル基又は3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル基であり、例えば3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリエトキシシラン等が挙げられる。特に2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、又は2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリエトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランが好ましく用いる事ができる。
触媒としては上記塩基性物質が加水分解触媒を兼ねている。
式(1)中、R3はそれぞれアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、又は(メタ)アクリロイル基、メルカプト基、アミノ基、ウレイド基、もしくはシアノ基を有する有機基で且つSi-C結合によりケイ素原子と結合しているものであって、R4はそれぞれアルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、又はハロゲン基を示し、aは1~3の整数を示し、
式(2)及び式(3)中、R5及びR7はそれぞれ炭素原子数1~3のアルキル基、又は炭素原子数6~30のアリール基で且つSi-C結合によりケイ素原子と結合しているものであり、R6及びR8はそれぞれアルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、又はハロゲン基を示し、Yはアルキレン基、NH基、又は酸素原子を示し、bは1~3の整数であり、cは0又は1の整数であり、dは1~3の整数である。
また、アルキレン基は上述のアルキル基から誘導されるアルキレン基を上げる事ができる。
上記ハロゲン基としてはフッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素等が挙げられる。
アミノ基を有する有機基は例えば、2-アミノエチル基、3-アミノプロピル基、N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピル基、N-(1,3-ジメチル-ブチリデン)アミノプロピル基、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピル基、N-(ビニルベンジル)-2-アミノエチル-3-アミノプロピル基等が挙げられる。
それら化合物としては以下に例示することができる。
カルボニル構造を有する有機物はケトン溶媒、アミド溶媒、及びエステル溶媒であり、エポキシ基を有する有機物は液状エポキシ化合物であり、上記例示した化合物を上げる事ができる。
(D)工程では分散媒をアルコールR1OHからカルボニル構造を有する有機物に置換した後に、更にエポキシ基を有する有機物に置換することができる。
これら熱硬化剤は固体であっても溶剤に溶解することによって使用することはできるが、溶剤の蒸発により硬化物の密度低下や細孔の生成により強度低下、耐水性の低下を生ずるために、硬化剤自体が常温、常圧下で液状のものが好ましい。
混合は加熱混合方法により行われ、60℃~100℃の温度で0.5~1時間行われる。
熱硬化性組成物を基材に塗布し、80~200℃の温度で加熱することにより硬化物が得られる。
光酸発生剤は、光照射により直接又は間接的に酸を発生するものであれば特に限定されない。
光酸発生剤の具体例としては、トリアジン系化合物、アセトフェノン誘導体化合物、ジスルホン系化合物、ジアゾメタン系化合物、スルホン酸誘導体化合物、ヨードニウム塩、スルホニウム塩、ホスホニウム塩、セレニウム塩等のオニウム塩、メタロセン錯体、鉄アレーン錯体などを用いることができる。
本発明では光硬化性の硬化体形成組成物を基板上に塗布し光照射により硬化することができる。また光照射の前後に加熱することもできる。
アルカリ水溶液としては水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属水酸化物の水溶液、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム、水酸化テトラエチルアンモニウム、コリンなどの水酸化四級アンモニウムの水溶液、エタノールアミン、プロピルアミン、エチレンジアミンなどのアミン水溶液を挙げることができる。
この中で、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム0.1~2.38質量%水溶液を用いることができる。
UV照射による硬化は熱に弱い材料(機材)に適用できる。
3次元CADと組み合わせて樹脂を硬化し複雑な立体物をつくる技術や、工業製品のモデル製作等の光造形への適用、光ファイバーのコーティング、接着、光導波路、厚膜レジストなどへの適用が挙げられる。
〔SiO2濃度の測定〕
シリカゾルを坩堝に取り、130℃で乾燥後、得られたゲルを1000℃焼成し、焼成残分を計量して算出した。
〔平均一次粒子径(窒素吸着法粒子径)の測定〕
酸性シリカゾルの300℃乾燥粉末の比表面積を比表面積測定装置モノソーブ(登録商標)MS-16(ユアサアイオニクス(株)製)を用いて測定した。
〔水分の測定〕
カールフィッシャー滴定法にて求めた。
〔平均粒子径の測定〕
動的光散乱法による平均粒子径測定は有機溶剤分散シリカゾルを分散溶媒にて希釈、動的光散乱法粒子径測定装置(Malvern Instruments LTD製、ZETASIZER Nano series)を用いて平均粒子径を測定した。分散媒がカルボニル構造を有する有機物である場合は、当該分散媒で所定濃度に希釈して測定した。分散媒がエポキシ基を有する有機物である場合は、メチルエチルケトンで所定濃度に希釈して測定した。
〔粘度の測定〕
有機溶剤分散シリカゾル(分散媒がカルボニル構造を有する有機物)の粘度はオストワルド粘度計を用いて測定した。樹脂モノマー(分散媒がエポキシ基を有する有機物)分散ゾルの粘度はB型回転粘度計(東機産業(株)製)を用いて測定した。
〔アルコキシ基含有量の分析方法〕
シリカゾル4mLを60℃で4時間真空乾燥し得られたゲルを乳鉢で粉砕し、150℃で2時間常圧乾燥し、乾燥粉末を得た。上記で得られた粉末0.2gを0.05N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液10mLと混合して超音波洗浄機(40kHz)で20分間分散後、1日室温で置いたのち、溶液部分をガスクロマトグラフィー測定することで、シリカ表面の単位面積当たりのアルコキシ基含有量(個/nm2)を測定した。
〔pHの測定〕
シリカゾルとメタノールと純水を重量比で1:1:1で混合した液体をpHメーターで測定した。
〔メタノールの測定〕
ガスクロマトグラフィー測定にて測定した。
〔エポキシ当量の測定〕
ガラスビーカーに、樹脂モノマー分散(分散媒がエポキシ基を有する有機物)ゾル0.3gを秤量、投入し、さらに10mLのクロロホルムを添加し、マグネチックスターラーを用いて撹拌した。前記溶液に対し、酢酸を20mL添加し、つづいて臭化テトラエチルアンモニウム酢酸溶液(0.25g/mL酢酸)を20mL添加し、撹拌した。自動滴定装置COM-1700A((株)HIRANUMA 製)を用いて、前記溶液を過塩素酸-酢酸標準液(0.1mol/L)にて電位差滴定し、JIS K7236(2001)に従って、エポキシ当量を算出した。
〔活性エポキシ基含有量の分析方法〕
ガラスビーカーに、シリカゾル10(g)を秤量、投入し、さらに10mLのアセトン又はクロロホルムを添加し、マグネチックスターラーを用いて撹拌した。前記溶液に対し、酢酸を20mL添加し、つづいて臭化テトラエチルアンモニウム酢酸溶液(0.25g/mL酢酸)を20mL添加し、撹拌した。自動滴定装置COM-1700A((株)HIRANUMA 製)を用いて、前記溶液を過塩素酸-酢酸標準液(0.1mol/L)にて電位差滴定し、JIS K7236(2001)に従って、エポキシ当量D(g/eq)を算出した。
活性エポキシ基含有量(個/nm2)を以下の式にて算出した。
活性エポキシ基(個/nm2)=NA/〔D(g/eq)×S(m2/g)×1018×シリカゾル中のSiO2含有量(%)/100〕
NA:アボガドロ定数
S:粒子の比表面積(m2/g)=2720/平均一次粒子径(nm)
〔エポキシ硬化物の物性評価〕
得られたシリカ含有エポキシ樹脂硬化物について、3点曲げ強度試験、ガラス転移温度、線膨張率、透過率を測定した。
〔3点曲げ強度の測定〕
JIS K-6911に基づき引張り試験機を用いて測定した。
試験片の高さ及び幅を測定し、試験片を支え、その中央に加圧くさびで荷重を加え、試験片が折れたときの荷重を測定し、曲げ強度(σ)を算出した。曲げ強度σ:(MPa){kgf/mm2}、P:試験片が折れたときの荷重(N){kgf}、L:支点間距離(mm)、W:試験片の幅(mm)、h:試験片の高さ(mm)とした。
σ=(3PL)/(2Wh2)
曲げ弾性率(E):(MPa){kgf/mm2}は、F/Y:荷重-たわみ曲線の直線部分のこう配(N/mm){kgf/mm}とすると、
E=〔L3/(4Wh3)〕×〔F/Y〕
〔ガラス転移温度の測定〕
ガラス転移温度は、測定装置として示差走査熱量測定装置(DSC3500:ネッチ・ジャパン(株)製)を用い、温度範囲30℃から250℃まで、昇温速度5℃/分の条件で得られたDSC曲線から求めた。
〔線膨張率の測定〕
線膨張率の測定の測定は、JIS K-6911に基づき測定した。試験片の厚みを正確に測定してTMA(Thermal Mechanical Analysis)で荷重0.05N、昇温速度1℃/分で測定した。線膨張係数α1は30~80℃における試験片の長さの変化量(ΔL1)/試験片の初期の長さ(L)×50=α1で求めた。
〔透過率の測定〕
分光光度計(型式UV-3600:(株)島津製作所製)を用いて520nmの透過率を測定した。
(実施例1)
水分散シリカゾル(平均一次粒子径12nm、pH3、シリカ濃度33質量%、日産化学株式会社製)を準備した。
上記シリカゾルの1000gを撹拌機、コンデンサー、温度計及び注入口2個を備えた内容積2Lのガラス製反応器に仕込み、反応器内のゾルを沸騰させたままの状態で、別のボイラーで発生させたメタノールの蒸気を反応器内のシリカゾル中に連続的に吹き込んで、液面を徐々に上昇させながらメタノールによる水の置換を行った。留出液の体積が9Lになったところで置換を終了して、メタノール分散シリカゾルを1100g得た。得られたメタノール分散シリカゾルは、SiO2濃度30.5質量%、水分1.6質量%、粘度2mPa・sであった。
上記メタノール分散シリカゾルの600gを1Lナスフラスコに仕込み、マグネチックスターラーでゾルを攪拌しながら、トリn-ペンチルアミン0.9gを添加し、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学製、商品名KBM-303)17.5gを添加した後、液温を60℃で2時間保持した。次にフェニルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学製、商品名KBM-103)32.4gを添加した後、液温を60℃で2時間保持した。その後、ロータリーエバポレーターにて、浴温80℃、500~350Torrの減圧下で、メチルエチルケトンを供給しながら蒸留を行うことによりメチルエチルケトン分散シリカゾル(SiO2が30.5質量%、粘度(20℃)1.13mPa・s、水分0.05質量%、メタノール0.05質量%、pH8.46、動的光散乱法粒子径14.8nm、活性エポキシ含有量0.80個/nm2、メトキシ基含有量1.2個/nm2)を得た。得られたメチルエチルケトン分散シリカゾルの50℃7日間保管後の動的光散乱法粒子径の初期からの変化率は20%以内であった。
A-2:(A)工程のメタノール分散シリカゾル中のSiO2含有量(%)を示した。
A-3:(A)工程のメタノール分散シリカゾル中のSiO2粒子のBET法による平均粒子径(nm)を示した。
A-4:(A)工程のメタノール分散シリカゾルの水分量(%)を示した。
A-5:(A)工程のメタノール分散シリカゾルのpHであり、該シリカゾル:純水を1:1の質量比で混合してpHを測定した。
B-1:(B)工程で添加した塩基性物質の種類。TnPnAはトリn-ペンチルアミン、DiPAはジイソプロピルアミン、DiPEAはジイソプロピルモノエチルアミンを示した。
B-2:(B)工程で添加した塩基性物質の添加量(g)を示した。
B-3:(B)工程で塩基性物質を添加後のメタノール分散シリカゾルのpH、該シリカゾル:メタノール:純水を1:1:1の質量比で混合した液体のpHを測定した。比較例1の(B-3)は(A-5)を再測定した結果である。
C-2:(C)工程で2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン又は3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランを添加した後の反応条件を示した。
C-3:(C)工程でフェニルトリメトキシシランの添加量(g)を示した。
C-4:(C)工程でフェニルトリメトキシシランを添加した後の反応条件を示した。
D-2:(D)工程で得られたカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルの収量(g)を示した。
D-3:(D)工程で得られたカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散とするシリカゾル中のSiO2含有量(%)を示した。
D-4:(D)工程で得られたカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散とするシリカゾル中の水分量(%)を示した。
D-5:(D)工程で得られたカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散とするシリカゾル中のメタノール含有量(%)を示した。
D-6:(D)工程で得られたカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散とするシリカゾルのオストワルド粘度計での粘度(mPa・s)を示した。
D-7:(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルのpHであり、該シリカゾル:純水:メタノールを1:1:1の質量比で混合してpHを測定した。
D-8:(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルの動的光散乱法で測定したシリカ粒子径(nm)示した。
D-9:(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルの活性エポキシ含有量(個/nm2)を示した。
D-10:(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルのメトキシ基数量(個/nm2)を示した。
D-11:(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾル中のAl2O3に換算したアルミニウム含有量(ppm/SiO2)を示した。
D-12:(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルを50℃7日間保管後のオストワルド粘度計での粘度(mPa・s)を示した。
D-13:(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルを50℃7日間保管後の動的光散乱法で測定したシリカ粒子径(nm)示した。
D-14:(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルを50℃7日間保管後の活性エポキシ含有量(個/nm2)を示した。
実施例1の(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾル(メチルエチルケトン分散シリカゾル)400gにビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂とビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂の混合物モノマー(DIC社製、商品名EXA-830LVP)255gを添加し、浴温100℃、200~30Torrで脱溶媒を行い、ビスフェノールビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂とビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂の混合樹脂モノマー分散シリカゾルを得た。得られたシリカゾルは、SiO2濃度30.7質量%、メタノールとメチルエチルケトン含有量は0.1質量%未満、25℃におけるB型粘度7820mPa・s、メチルエチルケトンにて希釈して測定した動的光散乱法粒子径18.8nmであった。得られた混合樹脂モノマー分散シリカゾルの50℃7日間保管後のメチルエチルケトンで希釈した動的光散乱法粒子径の初期からの変化率は20%以内であった。
また、実施例1の(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾル(メチルエチルケトン分散シリカゾル)に脂環式エポキシ樹脂モノマー(商品名セロキサイド2021P:(株)ダイセル)を添加して、同様に処理を行い脂環式エポキシ樹脂モノマー分散シリカゾルを得た。
表4に得られたエポキシ樹脂モノマー分散シリカゾルNo.1~4の結果を示した。
D-16:D-15で用いたエポキシモノマーの商品名を示した。
D-17:エポキシモノマーの含有量(g)を示した。
D-18:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルの含有量(g)を示した。
D-19:実施例1及び実施例3の(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルからそれぞれエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルに溶媒置換を行う時の条件を示した。
D-20:D-19での加熱浴の温度(℃)を示した。
D-21:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルのSiO2含有量(%)を示した。
D-22:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルの水分含有量(%)を示した。
D-23:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾル中に含まれるメタノールとカルボニル構造を有する有機物の含有量(%)を示した。
D-24:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルのB型回転粘度計での粘度(mPa・s)を示した。
D-25:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾル中のシリカ粒子の動的光散乱法での平均粒子径(nm)を示した。
D-26:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾル中のエポキシ当量(g/eq)を示した。
D-27:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルを50℃7日間保管後のB型回転粘度計での粘度(mPa・s)を示した。
D-28:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルを50℃7日間保管後の動的光散乱法で測定したシリカ粒子径(nm)示した。
D-29:実施例1及び実施例5の(D)工程のエポキシ基を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルを50℃7日間保管後のシリカゾル中のエポキシ当量(g/eq)を示した。
実施例1の(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾル(メチルエチルケトン分散シリカゾル)に脂環式エポキシ樹脂モノマー(商品名セロキサイド2021P:(株)ダイセル)を添加し、浴温100℃、200~10Torrの減圧下で脱溶媒を行い、脂環式エポキシ樹脂モノマー分散シリカゾル(SiO2濃度20質量%、メタノールとメチルエチルケトン含有量は0.1質量%未満)を得た。脂環式エポキシ樹脂モノマー分散シリカゾルに硬化剤(メチルヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物とヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸の混合物)を入れ、真空脱泡機V-mini300(EME製)にて攪拌して混合物を得た。次いでこの混合物に硬化促進剤としてジメチルベンジルアミンを加えて真空脱泡機にて攪拌を行い、シリカ含有エポキシ樹脂硬化用組成物を得た。得られたシリカ含有エポキシ樹脂硬化用組成物を注型板(フッ素系離型剤で処理されたガラス板、ガラス板2枚の間隔は3mm厚)に流し込み、90℃で2時間、続いて150℃で8時間の加熱処理を行い、シリカ含有エポキシ樹脂熱硬化物を得た。
E-2:脂環式エポキシ樹脂モノマー(商品名セロキサイド2021P:(株)ダイセル)の添加質量(g)を示した。
E-3:液状エポキシ樹脂モノマー(商品名YDF-8170C、日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル(株)製)の添加質量(g)を示した。
E-4:組成物中のSiO2含有量(g)を示した。
E-5:熱硬化剤はMe-HHPA(メチルヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸)と、HHPA(ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸)の混合物であり、その添加質量(g)を示した。
E-6:熱硬化剤は3,3’-ジエチル-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン(商品名カヤハードAA、日本化薬製)であり、その添加質量(g)を示した。
E-7:熱硬化剤はジエチルトルエンジアミン(商品名エタキュアー100、アルバメールコーポレーション社製)であり、その添加質量(g)を示した。
E-8:熱硬化促進剤はジメチルベンジルアミンであり、その添加質量(g)を示した。
E-9:熱硬化条件を示した。
E-10:ガラス転移温度(℃)を示した。
E-11:ガラス転移温度以下での線熱膨張係数(10-6/K)を示した。
E-12:ガラス転移温度以上での線熱膨張係数(10-6/K)を示した。
E-13:曲げ強度(MPa)を示した。
E-14:曲げ弾性率(MPa)を示した。
E-15:厚さ3mmの硬化物の透過率(%)
実施例3及び実施例5の(D)工程のカルボニル構造を有する有機物を分散媒とするシリカゾルにそれぞれ、脂環式エポキシ樹脂モノマー(セロキサイド2021P:(株)ダイセル)と、光酸発生剤としてトリアリールスルホニウムSbF6塩系光カチオン重合開始剤(サンアプロ株式会社製、商品名CPI101A、構造は式(A-2))を混合しシリカ含有エポキシ樹脂硬化用組成物を得た。得られたシリカ含有エポキシ樹脂硬化用組成物を基材(ポリエチレンテレフタレート製で厚み125μm)にバーコーターを使用して塗布した後、70℃で5分間乾燥後、メタルハライドランプ(商品名M04-01L、アイグラフィックス社製)を搭載したUV硬化ベルトコンベア装置(商品名ECS-4011GX、アイグラフィックス社製)を用いて紫外線を500mJ/cm2の光量で照射して硬化させた。その後、得られたフィルムを100℃で30分間ポストベークを行うことで、シリカ含有エポキシ樹脂光硬化膜付きフィルムを得た。
・膜厚:膜厚測定システム(商品名F20-EXR、フィルメトリクス社製)を用いて測定した。
・鉛筆硬度:JIS K 5600-5-4に準拠する方法で、鉛筆引っかき硬度試験機(商品名553-S、安田精機製作所製)を用いて測定した。
・HAZE値:JIS K 7105に準拠する方法で、ヘーズメーター(商品名NDH-5000、日本電色工業製)を用いて測定した。
・耐屈曲性試験:JIS K5600-5-1に準拠した耐屈曲性試験であり、塗膜の割れや剥がれが起こるまでマンドレルをより小さなものに変え、割れや剥がれが初めて起こったマンドレルの直径(mm)を、円筒型マンドレル屈曲試験機(オールグッド社製)を用いて測定した。
Claims (16)
- エポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)と、アルコキシ基(OR1)を含み、窒素ガス吸着法(BET法)による平均1次粒子径が5~100nmであるシリカ粒子を分散質として含有し、有機物を分散媒として含有し、そして塩基性物質を含有するシリカゾルであって、
動的光散乱法(DLS法)による該シリカ粒子の平均粒子径が5~200nmであるときに(DLS法による平均粒子径)/(BET法による平均一次粒子径)の比が1.05~2.00であり、
該シリカ粒子はエポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)を該シリカ粒子表面の単位面積当たりに換算して0.1~6.0個/nm2含み、
アルコキシ基(OR1)を該シリカ粒子表面の単位面積当たりに換算して0.3~4.0個/nm2含み、(R2)/(OR1)モル比が0.1~2.0である上記シリカゾル。 - 50℃7日間保管後の上記動的光散乱法によるシリカ粒子の平均粒子径が上記保管前の値に比べて1.0~1.2倍の範囲である請求項1に記載のシリカゾル。
- 上記エポキシ基がグリシジル基又は3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル基である請求項1又は請求項2に記載のシリカゾル。
- 上記分散媒がカルボニル構造を有する有機物、又はエポキシ基を有する有機物である請求項1乃至請求項3の何れか1項に記載のシリカゾル。
- 上記分散媒のカルボニル構造を有する有機物がメチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、ジイソプロピルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、又はプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートである請求項4に記載のシリカゾル。
- 上記分散媒のエポキシ基を有する有機物が、ビスフェノールA液状エポキシ化合物、ビスフェノールF液状エポキシ化合物、又は3’,4’-エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル3’,4’-エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレートである請求項4に記載のシリカゾル。
- 上記塩基性物質がアミン、アンモニア、無機アルカリ化合物、又は第4級アンモニウム化合物である請求項1乃至請求項6の何れか1項に記載のシリカゾル。
- 上記アミンが総炭素原子数として5~35の第2級アミン又は第3級アミンである請求項7に記載のシリカゾル。
- 上記シリカ粒子が更に式(1)乃至式(3):
(式(1)中、R3はそれぞれアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、又は(メタ)アクリロイル基、メルカプト基、アミノ基、ウレイド基、もしくはシアノ基を有する有機基で且つSi-C結合によりケイ素原子と結合しているものであって、R4はそれぞれアルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、又はハロゲン基を示し、aは1~3の整数を示し、
式(2)及び式(3)中、R5及びR7はそれぞれ炭素原子数1~3のアルキル基、又は炭素原子数6~30のアリール基で且つSi-C結合によりケイ素原子と結合しているものであり、R6及びR8はそれぞれアルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、又はハロゲン基を示し、Yはアルキレン基、NH基、又は酸素原子を示し、bは1~3の整数であり、cは0又は1の整数であり、dは1~3の整数である。)
からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のシラン化合物の加水分解物を含む請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のシリカゾル。 - 請求項9に記載のシラン化合物が上記式(1)(式中、R3がアリール基を有する有機基で且つSi-C結合によりケイ素原子と結合しているものであって、R4はそれぞれアルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、又はハロゲン基を示し、aは1~3の整数を示す。)で表されるシラン化合物である請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のシリカゾル。
- 上記分散質のシリカ粒子が、アルミニウム原子をAl2O3に換算して800~10000ppm/SiO2の割合で含有する請求項1乃至請求項10の何れか1項に記載のシリカゾル。
- 下記(A)工程~(D)工程:
(A)工程:動的光散乱法(DLS法)による平均粒子径が5~200nmであるシリカ粒子を、アルコールR1OH(ただしR1は酸素原子を有していても良い炭素原子数1~10の有機基を示す。)に分散したシリカゾルであり、該シリカゾル中に水分が5質量%以下である上記シリカゾルを得る工程、
(B)工程:(A)工程で得られたシリカゾルに塩基性物質を添加する工程、
(C)工程:(B)工程で得られたシリカゾルにエポキシ基又はエポキシ基含有有機基(R2)を有するシラン化合物を添加してシリカ粒子を被覆する工程、
(D)工程:(C)工程で得られたシリカゾルの分散媒をアルコールR1OHからカルボニル構造を有する有機物、又はエポキシ基を有する有機物に置換する工程、を含む請求項1乃至請求項11の何れか1項に記載のシリカゾルの製造方法。 - 上記(C)工程が更に上記式(1)乃至式(3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のシラン化合物を添加してシリカ粒子を被覆するものである請求項12に記載の製造方法。
- 上記(D)工程が分散媒をアルコールR1OHからカルボニル構造を有する有機物に置換した後に、更にエポキシ基を有する有機物に置換するものである請求項12又は請求項13に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のシリカゾルと、アミン系硬化剤、酸無水物系硬化剤、又は酸発生剤系硬化剤とを含む硬化体形成組成物。
- 更にエポキシ樹脂を含有する請求項15に記載の硬化体形成組成物。
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009008509A1 (ja) | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | 無機粒子を含有した液状エポキシ樹脂形成用製剤 |
| WO2010058754A1 (ja) | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-27 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | シリカ粒子を含有する重合性有機化合物の組成物の製造方法 |
| JP2011026183A (ja) * | 2009-06-24 | 2011-02-10 | Jgc Catalysts & Chemicals Ltd | シリカ系微粒子分散ゾルの製造方法、シリカ系微粒子分散ゾル、該分散ゾルを含む塗料組成物、硬化性塗膜および硬化性塗膜付き基材 |
| WO2014188934A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-20 | 2014-11-27 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | シリカゾル及びシリカ含有エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
| WO2020230823A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-19 | 日産化学株式会社 | ケトン系溶媒分散シリカゾル及び樹脂組成物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202323356A (zh) | 2023-06-16 |
| KR20240051955A (ko) | 2024-04-22 |
| US20240375966A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
| CN117881628A (zh) | 2024-04-12 |
| EP4397623A1 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
| JPWO2023032680A1 (ja) | 2023-03-09 |
| IL310816A (en) | 2024-04-01 |
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