WO2023027110A1 - 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造方法 - Google Patents
植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023027110A1 WO2023027110A1 PCT/JP2022/031885 JP2022031885W WO2023027110A1 WO 2023027110 A1 WO2023027110 A1 WO 2023027110A1 JP 2022031885 W JP2022031885 W JP 2022031885W WO 2023027110 A1 WO2023027110 A1 WO 2023027110A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/50—Fermented pulses or legumes; Fermentation of pulses or legumes based on the addition of microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/60—Drinks from legumes, e.g. lupine drinks
- A23L11/65—Soy drinks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/06—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/231—Pectin; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y110/00—Oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors (1.10)
- C12Y110/03—Oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors (1.10) with an oxygen as acceptor (1.10.3)
- C12Y110/03002—Laccase (1.10.3.2)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fermented vegetable protein food or drink. More specifically, the present invention improves the properties of the plant protein fermented food and drink, such as their own stress, water retention, syneresis suppression, or digestibility, or the properties that affect the fermentation time during their production. Concerning the questioning technique.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a method of producing tofu and yogurt using a protein material crosslinked using laccase.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing soymilk hard yogurt by treating black soybeans with a plant tissue-disintegrating/fibrinolytic enzyme and adding transglutaminase to the resulting whole soymilk.
- Patent Literature 3 discloses a method for producing yoghurt having a smooth mouthfeel inherent in yoghurt without causing syneresis by adding transglutaminase to milk raw materials.
- Patent Document 4 by adding glucose oxidase in the production process of fermented milk, compared to the case where glucose oxidase is not added, syneresis caused by aggregation of milk protein and increase in particle size of milk protein are significant.
- yogurt mix is blended with peroxidase and whey protein concentrate and/or whey protein isolate, and fermented with lactic acid bacteria to produce fermented milk with smooth texture and reduced whey separation.
- a method of making is disclosed.
- the present invention relates to various characteristics related to fermented food and drink using vegetable protein materials (in particular, the characteristics of the fermented food and drink itself, such as stress, water retention, syneresis suppression, or digestibility, or during the production of fermented food and drink.
- the purpose is to provide a processing technology capable of improving the characteristics that affect the fermentation time).
- the present inventors have developed a combination of multi-copper oxidase and a plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide, which is a combination of enzymes that has not been used as a means of improving various properties related to both plant and animal fermented foods and beverages. is applied to the production process of the fermented vegetable protein food and drink, various properties of the resulting fermented vegetable protein food and drink are improved.
- the present invention has been completed through further studies based on this finding.
- Section 1 A method for producing a fermented vegetable protein food or drink, comprising the steps of fermenting a vegetable protein material and treating with a plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and multi-copper oxidase.
- Section 2. Item 2. The production method according to Item 1, wherein the plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide is pectin.
- Item 3. The production method according to Item 2, wherein the pectin is derived from beets.
- Section 4. Item 4. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the multi-copper oxidase is laccase.
- Item 5. Item 5. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the vegetable protein material is vegetable milk.
- Item 6. The production method according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the vegetable protein fermented food or drink is vegetable yogurt.
- Item 7. A modifier of a vegetable protein fermented food or drink comprising a plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and a multi-copper oxidase.
- Item 8. The modifier according to Item 7, which is used as a stress-enhancing agent for fermented vegetable protein food and drink.
- Item 9. The modifier according to Item 7, which is used as a water retention improver for fermented vegetable protein food and drink.
- Item 10. Item 8. The modifier according to Item 7, which is used as a syneresis inhibitor for a vegetable protein fermented food or drink.
- Item 11. Item 8.
- the modifier according to Item 7 which is used as a digestibility improver for fermented vegetable protein food and drink.
- Item 12. A fermentation time shortening agent for producing a vegetable protein fermented food or drink, comprising a plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and a multi-copper oxidase.
- various properties related to fermented food and drink using vegetable protein materials are improved (in particular, the properties of the fermented food and drink itself, such as stress, water retention, syneresis suppression, or digestibility, are improved, or , shortening the fermentation time during the production of fermented food and drink).
- FIG. 4 shows the digestibility improvement effect of the soymilk yogurt obtained by the production method of the present invention, confirmed in Test Example 4.
- the method for producing a fermented vegetable protein food and drink product of the present invention comprises the steps of fermenting a vegetable protein material and treating with a plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and multi-copper oxidase. It is characterized by Thereby, various characteristics regarding the obtained vegetable protein fermented food and drink can be improved.
- the method for producing the vegetable protein fermented food and drink of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the various characteristics related to the fermented vegetable protein food and drink are the characteristics of the fermented food and drink itself, such as stress, water retention, syneresis suppression, and digestibility; Refers to at least any of the properties that affect fermentation time.
- improving the characteristics of the fermented vegetable protein food and drink means improving the characteristics of the fermented food and drink itself, such as stress, water retention, syneresis suppression, and digestibility; It refers to at least one of shortening the fermentation time when
- the vegetable protein material is not particularly limited as long as it contains vegetable protein and can be used as a food or drink material.
- the specific form of the vegetable protein material is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a material for fermented food and drink, and it may be in any form such as liquid, gel, or solid, but liquid is preferred. be done.
- the liquid vegetable protein material may be a liquid in which at least the vegetable protein is dissolved and/or dispersed in water. and dispersed, and if necessary, a liquid obtained by removing insoluble matter derived from the skin of food raw materials by any means such as centrifugal filtration, filtration, filter bag, sieve; (ii) vegetable protein Liquid obtained by dispersing the dry powder of the food raw material contained in water; (iii) The content of vegetable protein obtained by removing components other than vegetable protein from the liquid (i) or (ii) above (iv) a liquid obtained by dissolving and/or dispersing a dry powder prepared from any of the liquids (i) to (iii) above in water, preferably the above ( ii) liquids.
- a typical example of these liquid vegetable protein materials is so-called vegetable milk.
- the vegetable protein contained in the vegetable protein material is not particularly limited, but cereals such as soybeans, peas, lupine beans, broad beans, chickpeas, mung beans, kidney beans; oats, barley, wheat, rye, rice; Grains such as buckwheat, millet, millet, teff, quinoa, corn; canary seeds, flaxseeds, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, pistachios, walnuts, brazil nuts, peanuts, coconuts, hemp, pili nuts, chestnuts, sesame , plant proteins such as nuts and seeds such as pine nuts.
- cereals such as soybeans, peas, lupine beans, broad beans, chickpeas, mung beans, kidney beans; oats, barley, wheat, rye, rice; Grains such as buckwheat, millet, millet, teff,
- These vegetable proteins may be used singly or in combination.
- cereal proteins are preferred, and soybean proteins are more preferred, from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving various properties of fermented vegetable protein foods and drinks.
- the content of vegetable protein contained in the vegetable protein material is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.5 w/v% or more, 1 w/v% or more, preferably 2 w/v% or more, more preferably 3 w/v%. Above, more preferably 4 w/v % or more, still more preferably 4.5 w/v % or more.
- the upper limit of the content range of the vegetable protein contained in the vegetable protein material is not particularly limited, for example, 30 w/v% or less, 25 w/v% or less, 20 w/v% or less, 15 w/v% or less, 12 w /v% or less, 10 w/v% or less, 8 w/v% or less, 6 w/v% or less, or 5.5 w/v% or less.
- the vegetable protein material includes other raw materials and / or food additives depending on the type of vegetable protein fermented food and drink to be obtained ("1-7. Vegetable protein fermented food and drink"). can contain things. Other raw materials include ingredients that are derived from the food raw materials containing the above-mentioned vegetable proteins and inevitably coexist. Food additives are not particularly limited as long as they are food-safe. Examples include vegetable oils and fats; salt, sugar, spices, sodium L-glutamate, disodium 5'-ribonucleotide, 5'-inosine. seasonings such as disodium acid and disodium 5'-guanylate; antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid; perfumes and the like.
- the timing of adding other raw materials and / or food additives is not particularly limited, and may be added when subjecting to the fermentation process and / or the process of performing enzyme treatment, or the fermentation process and enzyme treatment may be performed. It may be added after any of the steps performed have been completed.
- Microorganisms used for fermentation are not particularly limited as long as they give fermented food and drink, and examples thereof include lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, koji molds, and yeasts.
- Lactic acid bacteria are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Streptococcus lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc lactic acid bacteria, and Lactococcus lactic acid bacteria.
- microorganisms may be used singly or in combination.
- lactic acid bacteria are preferred, and Streptococcus lactic acid bacteria and Lactococcus lactic acid bacteria are more preferred, from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of improving various characteristics of fermented vegetable proteins.
- Plant Cell Wall-Derived Polysaccharides are not particularly limited, but include pectin, arabinoxylan, hemicellulose, cellulose and the like.
- pectin The origin of pectin is not particularly limited, and examples include citrus peels (eg, lemons, oranges, etc.), apples, and beets.
- the beet from which pectin is derived is Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. Altissima (a beat also known as sugar beat).
- pectin includes HM pectin with a degree of esterification (DE) of 50% or more, LM pectin with a DE of less than 50%, and pectin containing ferulic acid.
- DE degree of esterification
- plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides may be used singly or in combination.
- pectin is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving various characteristics of fermented food and drink using vegetable protein materials, and more preferably beet-derived pectin with a DE of 55% or more.
- HM pectin and/or pectin containing ferulic acid the content of ferulic acid in the pectin is, for example, 0.3 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight). ⁇ 1% by weight).
- the amount of the plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide to be used is not particularly limited. 1 to 50 parts by weight is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving various characteristics of fermented food and drink using.
- the amount of the plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide used is, for example, 0.001 to 0.5 mg as the amount of the plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide per 1 U of the multicopper oxidase described later. 0.0025 to 0.3 mg, and more preferably 0.005 to 0.2 mg are also included, from the viewpoint of further improving various properties of the product.
- Multicopper oxidase used in the present invention is a group of enzymes containing multiple copper atoms in the molecule and oxidizing polyphenols, methoxyphenols, diamines, bilirubin, ascorbic acid, etc. with molecular oxygen.
- the number of copper atoms contained so far is usually 2 to 8, but this number is particularly limited because it varies depending on the state of the enzyme preparation at the time of analysis and the analysis method. not a thing
- Examples of enzymes classified as multicopper oxidases include laccase, bilirubin oxidase, ascorbate oxidase, ceruloplasmin, and the like.
- multi-copper oxidases may be used singly or in combination.
- laccase is preferred from the viewpoint of further improving various properties of fermented food and drink using vegetable protein materials.
- Laccase is an enzyme (EC 1.10.3.2) with phenol oxidase activity.
- laccases include laccases derived from microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. , Pycnoporus, Pyricularia, Trametes, Rhizoctonia, Rigidoporus, Coprinus, Psatyrella, Myceliophtera, Schtalidium, Polyporus, Phlebia, Coriolus and the like.
- laccases may be used singly or in combination.
- Trametes-derived laccase and Aspergillus-derived laccase are preferred from the viewpoint of further improving various characteristics of fermented food and drink using vegetable protein materials. and more preferably Trametes-derived laccase.
- the amount of multi-copper oxidase used is not particularly limited, but the amount of multi-copper oxidase per 1 g of vegetable protein is, for example, 500 to 50,000 U, and various characteristics of fermented food and drink using vegetable protein materials can be obtained. From the viewpoint of further improvement, it is preferably 1,500 to 25,000 U.
- Order of Steps The order of the step of fermenting the plant protein material and the step of treating with the plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and multi-copper oxidase is arbitrary. That is, either the fermentation step or the treatment step may be performed first, and after the completion of the one step, the other step may be performed, or both steps may be performed simultaneously. Furthermore, when both steps are performed at the same time, both steps may be started at the same time, or one of the steps may be started earlier.
- the reaction conditions in the step of fermenting the vegetable protein material can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art in consideration of the thermal stability of the microorganisms and whether or not the treatment step is performed at the same time. For example, 20 to 40°C, preferably 25 to 30°C.
- the time for the fermentation step can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art according to the type of the desired vegetable protein fermented food or drink. 20 to 30 hours can be mentioned.
- the fermenting step can be preceded by, for example, 3 to 15 hours, preferably 5 to 10 hours, if its start is earlier than the start of the treating step. In the fermentation step that precedes the start of the treatment step, vegetable protein material can be added as appropriate as the microorganisms grow.
- reaction conditions in the step of treatment with the plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and the multi-copper oxidase are appropriately determined by those skilled in the art, taking into account the optimum temperature of the multi-copper oxidase and whether or not the fermentation step should be performed at the same time.
- the time for the treatment step can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art depending on the degree of the desired properties, but for example, 1 to 30 hours, preferably 8 to 25 hours, more preferably 15 to 15 hours. 20 hours can be mentioned.
- the vegetable protein fermented food and drink produced by the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the form of the fermented vegetable protein food and drink include solid, gel, liquid and the like.
- specific examples of vegetable protein fermented foods and drinks include vegetable yogurt (example of gel-like food), vegetable yogurt drink (example of beverage), and vegetable yogurt paste (example of paste-like food). used.), vegetable cheese (example of solid food), and the like.
- a preferred form of the fermented vegetable protein food and drink is a gel form, and a preferred specific example of the fermented vegetable protein food and drink is vegetable yogurt. is mentioned.
- Modifier for fermented vegetable protein food and drink A combination of a plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and multi-copper oxidase is used in the production of a fermented vegetable protein food and drink to improve the stress, water retention, and syneresis suppression properties of the fermented food and drink itself. , or can be modified to improve various properties such as digestibility. Accordingly, the present invention also provides modifiers for plant protein fermented food and beverage products containing plant cell wall-derived polysaccharides and multi-copper oxidase.
- modifiers for fermented vegetable protein foods and beverages include stress improvers for fermented vegetable protein foods and beverages, water retention improvers for fermented vegetable protein foods and beverages, and syneresis for fermented vegetable protein foods and beverages.
- Inhibitors and/or those used as digestibility improvers for fermented vegetable protein foods and drinks include stress improvers for fermented vegetable protein foods and beverages, water retention improvers for fermented vegetable protein foods and beverages, and syneresis for fermented vegetable protein foods and beverages.
- Fermentation time shortening agent in the production of fermented vegetable protein food and drink The combination of plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and multi-copper oxidase is used in the production of fermented vegetable protein food and drink to shorten the fermentation time during production (that is, quick brewing). can do. Therefore, the present invention also provides a fermentation time shortening agent in the production of vegetable protein fermented food and drink (that is, a fast brewing agent in the production of vegetable protein fermented food and drink) containing a plant cell wall-derived polysaccharide and multi-copper oxidase.
- ABTS was dissolved in 25 mM citrate buffer (pH 3.2) at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml to prepare a substrate solution. 3.0 ml of this substrate solution was taken in a cuvette, preheated at 25° C., 0.1 ml of enzyme solution was added, stirred, incubated at 25° C., and absorbance at 405 nm was measured after 1 minute and 3 minutes. The amount of enzyme that increased the absorbance at 405 nm by 1.0 OD per minute under these conditions was defined as 1 unit (U).
- pectin and laccase each alone have no or insufficient function to improve various properties of soy milk yogurt, but as shown in Table 2A, by combining pectin and laccase, the same amount of enzyme was able to remarkably improve various characteristics of soymilk yoghurt compared to the case of using only
- Test Example 3 A soy milk yogurt was prepared in the same manner as in Test Example 1, except that the amounts of pectin and/or laccase shown in Table 4 were used. During the preparation, the pH was measured over time from the time the pectin and/or laccase were added, and the time until the pH reached 5 was measured. It can be evaluated that the shorter the time, the higher the effect of shortening the fermentation time. Table 4 shows the results. In addition, the amount of lactic acid was measured over time using Lactate Assay Kit-WST (Dojindo Laboratories) from the time point when pectin and/or laccase were added. Table 4 shows the amount of lactic acid after 36 hours, when a sufficient amount of time has passed since the soy milk yogurt was completed.
- Lactate Assay Kit-WST Daojindo Laboratories
- the fermentation time was significantly shortened by using pectin and laccase in the production of soy milk yogurt.
- lactic acid is liberated as fermentation progresses, and if the amount of lactic acid becomes excessive, the taste deteriorates.
- the amount of lactic acid was the same as in Comparative Examples, as shown in Table 4, and no adverse effect on taste was observed.
- Example 4 The soymilk yogurts of Example 4, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 5 were subjected to the following digestion test. 5 mL of each soy milk yogurt was mixed with simulated gastric juice (77 mL purified water, 13 mL McIlvaine buffer pH 5.0, 4.39 g NaCl, 0.22 g KCl, 0.04 g CaCl2, final concentration 0.0065% pepsin) and The reaction was carried out at 37° C. and 60 rpm for minutes. At that time, 1N HCl was added every 10 minutes to adjust the pH to 3.0. After completion of the reaction, boiling treatment and cooling were performed, and the amount of free amino nitrogen after digestion was measured. It can be evaluated that the greater the amount of free amino nitrogen, the better the digestibility. The results are shown in FIG.
- Test Example 1 the soy milk yogurt of Example 4 was found to have a significant stress-improving effect compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 5, but unexpectedly, the digestibility was as shown in FIG. As shown, it was confirmed that the results were rather improved compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 5.
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Abstract
Description
項1. 植物性タンパク質材料を発酵する工程と、植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼによる処理を行う工程とを含む、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造方法。
項2. 前記植物細胞壁由来多糖類がペクチンである、項1に記載の製造方法。
項3. 前記ペクチンがビート由来である、項2に記載の製造方法。
項4. 前記マルチ銅オキシダーゼがラッカーゼである、項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項5. 前記植物性タンパク質材料が植物性ミルクである、項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項6. 前記植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品が植物性ヨーグルトである、項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
項7. 植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の改質剤。
項8. 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の応力向上剤として用いられる、項7に記載の改質剤。
項9. 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の保水性向上剤として用いられる、項7に記載の改質剤。
項10. 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の離水抑制剤として用いられる、項7に記載の改質剤。
項11. 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の消化性向上剤として用いられる、項7に記載の改質剤。
項12. 植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品製造における発酵時間短縮剤。
本発明の植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造方法は、植物性タンパク質材料を発酵する工程と、植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼによる処理を行う工程とを含むことを特徴とする。これにより、得られる植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品に関する諸特性を向上させることができる。以下、本発明の植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造方法について詳述する。
植物性タンパク質材料としては、植物性タンパク質を含み飲食品の素材となるものであれば特に限定されない。植物性タンパク質材料の具体的な形態については、発酵飲食品の材料となり得る限りにおいて特に限定されず、液状、ゲル状、固体状等どのような形態であってもよいが、好ましくは液状が挙げられる。
植物性タンパク質材料の発酵に用いる微生物としては、発酵飲食品を与えるものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、乳酸菌、ビフィズス菌、麹菌、酵母等が挙げられる。乳酸菌としては特に限定されず、例えば、ストレプトコッカス(Streptococcus)属乳酸菌、ラクトバチルス(Lactobacillus)属乳酸菌、ロイコノストック(Leuconostoc)属乳酸菌及びラクトコッカス(Lactococcus)属乳酸菌等が挙げられる。
本発明で用いられる植物細胞壁由来多糖類としては、特に限定されないが、ペクチン、アラビノキシラン、ヘミセルロース、セルロース等が挙げられる。
本発明で用いられるマルチ銅オキシダーゼとは、分子中に複数の銅原子を含有し、ポリフェノール、メトキシフェノール、ジアミン、ビリルビン、アスコルビン酸などを分子状酸素により酸化せしめる一群の酵素である。含まれる銅原子の数は、これまで知られているものは通常2~8個であるが、この数は分析時の酵素標品の状態、分析法によりばらつきが見られるため、特に限定されるものではない。マルチ銅オキシダーゼに分類される酵素としては、例えばラッカーゼ、ビリルビンオキシダーゼ、アスコルビン酸オキシダーゼ、セルロプラズミン等が挙げられる。
植物性タンパク質材料を発酵する工程と、植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼによる処理を行う工程との順番は、任意である。つまり、発酵する工程及び処理を行う工程のいずれか一方を先に行い、当該一方の工程が完了した後、他方の工程を行ってもよいし、両方の工程を同時に行ってもよい。さらに、両方の工程を同時に行う場合、両方の工程の開始タイミングは同時であってもよいし、いずれか一方の工程の開始タイミングを早めてもよい。
植物性タンパク質材料を発酵する工程における反応条件については、微生物の熱安定性、及び処理を行う工程を同時に行うか否か等を考慮して当業者が適宜選択することができるが、例えば、20~40℃、好ましくは25~30℃が挙げられる。発酵する工程に係る時間としては、目的の植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の種類に応じて当業者が適宜決定することができるが、例えば、8~50時間、好ましくは15~40時間、より好ましくは20~30時間が挙げられる。発酵する工程は、その開始を、処理を行う工程の開始より早める場合、例えば、3~15時間、好ましくは5~10時間早めることができる。処理を行う工程の開始に先立って行われる発酵する工程においては、微生物の増殖に伴って、植物性タンパク質材料を適宜追加することができる。
本発明の製造方法により製造される植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品としては特に限定されない。植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の形態としては、固形状、ゲル状、液状等が挙げられる。また、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の具体例としては、植物性ヨーグルト(ゲル状食品の例)、植物性ヨーグルト飲料(飲料の例)、植物性ヨーグルトペースト(ペースト状食品の例。食品素材としても用いられる。)、植物性チーズ(固形状食品の例)、等が挙げられる。
植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼの組み合わせは、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造に用いることで、発酵飲食品自体の、応力、保水性、離水抑制性、又は消化性といった諸特性を向上させる改質が可能となる。従って、本発明は、植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の改質剤も提供する。
植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼの組み合わせは、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造に用いることで、製造時の発酵時間を短縮する(つまり速醸する)ことができる。従って、本発明は、植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品製造における発酵時間短縮剤(つまり、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品製造における速醸剤)も提供する。
ラッカーゼの酵素活性測定は、2,2’-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate](ABTS、ベーリンガー・マンハイム社製)を基質として以下に記載する方法で行った。
豆乳5mLに乳酸菌(種菌)を接種し、28℃で4時間前々培養を行った。これにより得られた培養物0.1mLを新しい豆乳5mLに接種し、28℃で4時間前培養を行った。これにより得られた培養物1mLを新しい豆乳50mLに加え混合し、さらに、ペクチン及び/又はラッカーゼを表2A及び表2Bに表示の量で加え混合した。28℃で16時間静置し、その後冷蔵庫で2~4時間静置し(離水抑制性の試験に供する場合のみ、静置条件は下記(4-3)に示す条件とした。)、豆乳ヨーグルトを得た。
得られた豆乳ヨーグルトについて、以下の各種特性を試験した。結果を表2A及び表2Bに示す。
レオメーター(株式会社サン科学社製)を用い、得られた豆乳ヨーグルトの応力を測定した。比較例1の豆乳ヨーグルトの応力を100%とした場合の相対応力(%)を導出した。相対応力の値が大きいほど、応力が向上していると評価できる。
得られた豆乳ヨーグルトの重量を測定し、その後、1000×g、10分、20℃の条件で遠心し、上清を回収して、残りの豆乳ヨーグルトの重量を測定した。以下の式に基づいて、保水力(%)を導出した。保水力の値が大きいほど、保水力が向上していると評価できる。
冷蔵保存前に豆乳ヨーグルトの重量(V1(g))を測定した。測定後の豆乳ヨーグルトを水分受け容器に被せたガーゼ上に全量乗せ、24時間冷蔵保存した。24時間後、水分受け容器に溜まった自然離水した水分の重量を測定した。V1(g)から水分重量を引くことで冷蔵保存24時間後の豆乳ヨーグルト重量(V2(g))を算出した。以下の式に基づいて、離水性(%)を導出した。離水性の値が小さいほど、離水抑制性が向上していると評価できる。
ペクチン及び/又はラッカーゼを表3に表示の量で用いたことを除いて、試験例1と同様にして豆乳ヨーグルトを調製し、試験例1の(4-1)と同様にして相対応力を導出した。結果を表3に示す。
ペクチン及び/又はラッカーゼを表4に表示の量で用いたことを除いて、試験例1と同様にして豆乳ヨーグルトを調製した。調製中、ペクチン及び/又はラッカーゼを加えた時点からpHを経時的に測定し、pHが5に到達するまでの時間を測定した。当該時間が短いほど、発酵時間の短縮効果が高いと評価できる。結果を表4に示す。また、ペクチン及び/又はラッカーゼを加えた時点からLactate Assay Kit-WST(同仁化学研究所)を用いて乳酸量を経時的に測定した。豆乳ヨーグルトが完成して十分な時間が経過した、36時間後における乳酸量を表4に示す。
実施例4、比較例1、及び比較例5の豆乳ヨーグルトについて、次の消化試験を行った。各豆乳ヨーグルト5mLと模倣胃液(77mL精製水、13mLマッキルバイン緩衝液pH5.0、4.39g NaCl、0.22g KCl、CaCl2 0.04g、終濃度0.0065%ペプシン)とを混合し、80分間、37℃、60rpmで反応させた。その際、1N HClを10分おきに添加し、pH3.0となるよう調整した。反応終了後、煮沸処理及び冷却を行い、消化後の遊離アミノ態窒素量を測定した。遊離アミノ態窒素量が多いほど、消化性が良いと評価できる。結果を図1に示す。
Claims (12)
- 植物性タンパク質材料を発酵する工程と、植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼによる処理を行う工程とを含む、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の製造方法。
- 前記植物細胞壁由来多糖類がペクチンである、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ペクチンがビート由来である、請求項2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記マルチ銅オキシダーゼがラッカーゼである、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記植物性タンパク質材料が植物性ミルクである、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品が植物性ヨーグルトである、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の改質剤。
- 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の応力向上剤として用いられる、請求項7に記載の改質剤。
- 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の保水性向上剤として用いられる、請求項7に記載の改質剤。
- 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の離水抑制剤として用いられる、請求項7に記載の改質剤。
- 植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品の消化性向上剤として用いられる、請求項7に記載の改質剤。
- 植物細胞壁由来多糖類及びマルチ銅オキシダーゼを含む、植物性タンパク質発酵飲食品製造における発酵時間短縮剤。
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| CN112056543A (zh) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-11 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种酶交联大米谷蛋白-甜菜果胶复合凝胶的制备方法 |
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